M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Li M u
OFDM l nm trong mt lp cc k thut iu ch a sng mang (MCM) trong thng tin
v tuyn. Cn trong cc h thng thng tin hu tuyn chng hn nh trong h thng
ASDL, cc k thut ny thng c nhc n di ci tn: a tn (DMT). K thut
OFDM ln u tin c gii thiu trong bi bo ca R. W. Chang nm 1966 v vn
tng hp cc tn hiu c di tn hn ch khi thc hin truyn tn hiu qua nhiu knh con.
Tuy nhin, cho ti gn y, k thut OFDM mi c quan tm nh c nhng tin b
vt bc trong lnh vc x l tn hiu v vi in t.
Hin nay, k thut ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDM) c dng lm
chun trong cc h thng pht thanh s chu u. K thut ny ang c ngh a
vo ng dng M cng nh nghin cu pht trin trong lnh vc truyn hnh s.
Bn bo co ny s gii thiu v nguyn l, m hnh ton hc v nhng c im c bn
trong k thut OFDM v cch m phng phng php iu ch OFDM s dng matlab.

-1-

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Mc lc:
I.
Gii thiu v OFDM....02
1. Lch s pht trin 02
2. Tng qut v OFDM. 02
2.1 T iu ch n sng mang n iu ch trc giao OFDM 03
a.PP iu ch n sng mang.03
b.PP iu ch a sng mang 05
c. Phng php iu ch a sng mang trc giao OFDM 07
3. Mt s ng dng ca cng ngh OFDM 16
II
M phng h thng iu ch OFDM.17
1. S dng matlab.17
1.1 Code 17
1.2 Kt qu m phng .20
2. S dng simulink 11
2.1 S khi 21
2.2 Kt qu m phng 23
III.
Kt lun..26
Cng vic ca cc thnh vin.......26
IV

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

I.Gii thiu v OFDM:

1. Lch s pht trin
Trong nhng nm gn y, Phng thc ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc
giao OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) khng ngng c nghin cu
v m rng phm vi ng dng bi nhng u im ca n trong tit kim bng tn v kh
nng chng li Fading chn lc theo tn s cng nh xuyn nhiu bng hp.
K thut iu ch OFDM l mt trng hp c bit ca phung php iu ch
a sng mang trong cc sng mang ph trc giao vi nhau, nh vy ph tn hiu cc
sng mang ph cho php chng ln ln nhau m pha thu vn c th khi phc li tn hiu
ban u. S chng ln ph tn hiu lm cho h thng OFDM c hiu sut s dng ph ln
hn nhiu so vi cc k thut iu ch thng thng. Nh OFDM l chia dng d liu
tc cao thnh cc dng d liu tc thp hn v pht ng thi trn mt s cc sng
mang, ta thy rng trong mt s iu kin c th, c th tng dung lng ng k cho h
thng OFDM bng cch lm thch nghi tc d liu trn mi sng mang tu theo t s
tn trn tp SNR ca sng mang .
K thut OFDM do R.W Chang pht minh nm 1966 M. Tri qua 40 nm hnh
thnh v pht trin nhiu cng trnh khoa hc v k thut ny c thc hin khp ni
trn th gii. c bit l cc cng trnh ca Weistein v Ebert, ngI chng minh rng
php iu ch OFDM c th thc hin bng php bin I IDFT v php gii iu ch bng
php bin I DFT. Pht minh ny cng vI s pht trin ca k thut s lm cho k thut

-3-

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

iu ch OFDM c ng dng rng ri. Thay v s dng IDFT ngi ta c th s dng
php bin i nhanh IFFT cho b iu ch OFDM, s dng FFT cho b giI iu ch
OFDM.
2. Tng quan v OFDM:
OFDM (l vit tt ca Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) c th c tm dch
l Ghp Knh Phn Chia Theo Tn S Trc Giao. K thut ny c a ra vo khong
gia nhng nm 60 ch khng phi l mi m. Tuy nhin, do phc tp trong tnh ton
ca n nn mi n rt gn y n mi c p dng trong cc ng dng dn dng. Trc
, ch yu c s dng trong cc ng dng quc phng ca b Quc Phng M.

Mt trong nhng vn rt phc tp trong truyn thng tin vi tc cao qua mt knh c
bng thng rt rng l vn chn lc tn s. Mt knh chn lc tn s l mt trong cc
thnh phn tn s khc nhau ca tn hiu khi c truyn qua knh s b suy gim v dch
pha vi mc khc nhau (c v bin v mc phi tuyn) cho nn tn hiu pha thu b
mo rt nng v dn n vic khi phc tn hiu tr nn cc k kh khn.
2.1 T iu ch n sng mang n iu ch trc giao OFDM:
a. Phng php iu ch n sng mang:

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

BbbbbBb
bbbbbbbdfgfgfgfgfggfgfgg

Hnh 1.2.1 Biu din ph tn hiu trong min thi gian

Trong phng php iu ch n sng mang, dng tn hiu c truyn i trn
ton b bng tn B, c ngha l tn s ly mu ca h thng bng rng bng tn v mi
tn hiu c di l
T sc= 1/B

PT(2.1)

Trong thng tin v tuyn bng rng, knh v tuyn thng l knh ph thuc tn
s (frequency selective channel). Tc ly mu thn tin bng rng s rt ln, do chu
l ly mu Tsc s rt nh. Do phng php iu ch n sng mang c nhng nhc
im sau:

nh hng ca nhiu lin tn hiu ISI gy ra bi hiu ng phn tp a

ng i vi tn hiu thu l rt ln.iu ny c gii thch do di ca
1 mu tn hiu Tsc l rt nh so vi trng hp iu ch a sng mang. Do
vy nh hng ca tr truyn dn c th gy nhiu lin tn hiu ISI nhiu
mu tn hiu thu. C 5 loi nhiu trong thng tin v tuyn
Gaussian Noise
Interchannel Interference
Co-channel Interference...
Inter-symbol Interference
Multiple Access Interference

-5-

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

nh hng ca s ph thuc knh theo tn s l rt ln i vi h thng.

Do bng thng rng knh ph thuc vo tn s

Hai l do nu trn lm cho b cn bng knh v lc nhiu my thu l

phc tp.

Phng php iu ch n sng mang hin nay vn c s dng ch yu trong thng tin
bng hp nh h thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM. Trong thng tin bng rng, phng
php iu ch a sng mang ra i ci thin cc nhc im trn.

b. Phng php iu ch a sng mang FDM:

Hnh 1.2.1b Mt ph ca tn hiu a sng mang

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Hnh 1.2.1b H thng a sng mang

Phng php iu ch a sng mang c hiu l ton b bng tn ca h thng
c chia ra lm nhiu bng con vI cc sng mang ph cho mI bng tn con l khc
nhau. Chi tit ca phng php ny xem hnh 1.2.1b
Phng php iu ch a sng mang cn c bit nh phng php phn knh
theo tn s FDM, trong ph ca tn hiu ca h thng chia lm Nc = 2L+1 knh song
song. V vy di ca mu tn hiu trong iu ch n sng mang :
Ts=1/Fs=Ts.Nc

PT(2.2)

H qu l t s tng i gia tr truyn dn i vi di mu tn hiu trong

-7-

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

iu ch a sng mang cng gim i Nc ln. do vy nh hng ca nhiu lin tn hiu gy
ra bi tr truyn dn s gim ( gim nh hng ca phn tp a ng). T chng ta c
th nu ra mt s cc u im c bn ca iu ch a sng mang so vI cc phng php
iu ch n sng mang l:

nh hng ca nhiu lin tn hiu ISI (Inter-symbol Interference) gim

nh hng ca s ph thuc knh vo tn s gim do knh c chia lm

nhiu phn ( Bng thng gim-> B<Bc dn n knh t ph thuc vo tn
s)

T 2 u im trn dn n phc tp ca b cn bng knh v lc nhiu

cho h thng cng gim.

Tuy nhin phng php ny cn mt s nhc im c bn sau

H thng nhy cm vi hiu ng ph thuc thi gian ca knh (time

selectivity). iu ny c bit n l do di ca mt mu tn hiu tng
ln ( T tn hiu tng ln-> T>Tc -> knh ph thuc thi gian). Dn n s
bin i v thi gian ca knh v tuyn c th xy ra trong mt mu tn
hiu.

Phng php iu ch a sng mang khng lm tng hiu qu s dng bng tn ca h

thng so vi phng php iu ch n tn, ngc li nu cc knh ph c khong cch
nht nh th s lm gim hiu qu s dng ph. va tn dng ht bng tn v c c
cc u im ca iu ch a sng mang -> ngi ta s dng phng php iu ch OFDM
vi cc sng mang ph trc giao nhau.
c. Phng php iu ch a sng mang trc giao OFDM:

-8-

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Cng ngh OFDM nm trong mt lp cc k thut iu ch a sng mang trong thng tin
v tuyn. Cn trong cc h thng thng tin hu tuyn chng hn nh trong h thng ADSL,
cc k thut ny thng cc nhc n di ci tn: a tn (DMT). tng chnh trong
k thut OFDM l vic chia lng d liu trc khi pht i thnh N lung d liu song
song c tc thp hn v pht mi lung d liu trn mt sng mang con khc nhau.
Cc sng mang ny l trc giao vi nhau, iu ny c thc hin bng cch chn dn
cch tn s gia chng mt cch hp l

OFDM to ra li theo thi gian v tn s. Mi hnh ch nht l mt knh c lp v c th

cp cho nhng ngi s dng khc nhau.

-9-

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Cc u im c bn ca k thut OFDM:

S dng di tn rt hiu qu do cho php chng ph gia cc sng mang con. Hn ch

c nh hng ca fading v hiu ng nhiu ng bng cch chia knh fading chn
lc tn s thnh cc knh con fading phng tng ng vi cc tn s sng mang OFDM
khc nhau.

Phng php ny c u im quan trng l loi b c hu ht giao thoa gia cc sng

mang (ICI) v giao thoa gia cc k hiu (ISI) do s dng CP.

Nu s dng cc bin php xen r v m ho knh thch hp th s c th khc phc c

hin tng suy gim xc sut li trn k hiu do cc hiu ng chn lc tn s knh gy
ra. C th s dng phng php gii m ti u vi phc tp gii m mc cho php.
Qu trnh cn bng knh c thc hin n gin hn so vi vic s dng cc k thut

- 10 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

cn bng thch nghi trong cc h thng n tn

..

Trn thc t, qu trnh thc hin iu ch v gii iu ch trong OFDM c m bo

nh s dng php bin i FFT. Nu s dng kt hp vi php iu ch vi sai th khng
Phi thc hin trong qu trnh c lng knh.

tng chnh trong k thut OFDM l vic chia lung d liu trc khi pht i thnh N
lung d liu song song c tc thp hn v pht mi lung d liu trn mt sng
mang con khc nhau. Cc sng mang ny l trc giao vi nhau, iu ny c thc hin
bng cch chn dn cch tn s gia chng mt cch hp l. Hnh (1) m t nguyn l
ca qu trnh to mt k hiu OFDM. Tt c cc thao tc trong min c ng khung
u c th c thay th bng php bin i IDFT.

Hnh 1. Nguyn l to mt k hiu OFDM

Cc sng mang f n(t) l cc sng hnh sin c th c biu din di dng lu tha nh
sau
:

Tn s ca cc sng mang hn km nhau mt khong W/N Hz, trong W l rng di

tn. Mi sng mang c nhn vi mt gi tr phc xn,m ly t d liu u vo; ch s
di n tng ng vi ch s ca sng mang, v m l ch s ca ton b k hiu OFDM
(cn gi l khung OFDM). Mi tn hiu sm(t) tng ng vi mt im trong khng gian
Euclid N-chiu gi l khng gian tn hiu, mi im c biu din bi mt b cc gi tr
(xm,0, xm,1, ..., xm,N-1). Mt tp hp M im trong khng gian N-chiu ny c gi l
chm tn hiu (signal constellation). Cc im nm trong chm tn hiu ny c th l u
ra sau khi thc hin php iu ch M-tr bt k. Trong trng hp thc hin truyn tn
hiu lin tc, m l mt s nguyn m (- , ). Cc kt qu c c sau khi thc hin

- 11 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

php nhn s c cng li v tn hiu cui cng s l dng sng (theo thi gian) c
truyn i qua knh.

Hnh 2. Dng sng ca mt k hiu OFDM

Nh vy, chui v hn cc k hiu OFDM c th c biu din

Do f n(t) l mt xung vung c iu ch ti tn s sng mang kW/N (Hz), nn k thut

OFDM thng c coi nh l c N sng mang, trn mi sng mang k hiu c
truyn i vi tc thp hn ROFDM = Rs/N. Ch rng tc k hiu ca mi knh
con l tc truyn cc k hiu (hoc cc khung) OFDM.
Tnh trc giao v di bo v
.
im mu cht nhm c c hiu qu s dng di tn cao l tnh trc giao ca cc sng
mang. Trong cc h thng ghp knh phn chia theo tn s thng thng, cc sng mang
c phn tch bi mt di bo v nhm cho php thu v gii iu ch cc sng mang
bng cc thao tc lc thng thng. Tuy nhin, cc di bo v ny lm gim hiu qu
s dng di tn. Nu cc sng mang l trc giao vi nhau, th chng c th c sp xp
sao cho cc di bng chng ln nhau sao cho vn c th thu tt m khng c giao thoa
vi cc sng mang ln cn (ICI). Tuy nhin, cc di bo v l cn thit duy tr tnh
trc giao gia cc sng mang trong k thut OFDM, nhng cch hot ng ca cc di

- 12 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

bo v ny khc hn vi k thut FDM thng thng
.
My thu OFDM c th c coi l gm nhiu b gii iu ch, mi b s thc hin
chuyn tn hiu mi sng mang xung bng gc v tch phn trn mt chu k k hiu
nhm khi phc li d liu ban u. S nguyn l ca qu trnh gii iu ch mt k
hiu trong k thut OFDM c m t trong hnh (3). Chng ta c th d dng nhn thy,
nu cc hm n(t) vi n = 0,1,...,N-1 l trc giao vi nhau tng i mt th mi khi
phc c b (xm,0, xm,1, ..., xm,N-1) ban u.

Hnh 3. Nguyn l ca qu trnh gii iu ch OFDM

V mt ton hc, mt b cc hm c coi l c lp tuyn tnh hoc trc giao nu :

trong , * l k hiu ca lin hp phc. C nhiu b cc hm trc giao, ni ting nht l

cc hm lu tha phc to thnh c s ca php bin i Fourier :

Nh vy, nu p, q l s nguyn th cc hm ny s l c lp tuyn tnh. Tnh trc giao

ny gia chng gi v vic s dng php bin i Fourier ri rc (DFT) trong k
thut OFDM
.
Nu tt c cc sng mang khng phi l sng mang mong mun b trn xung cc tn s
bng mt s nguyn ln 1/t , trong t l chu k k hiu, th chng s c tch phn bng
0 trn mt chu k k hiu. Nh vy, cc sng mang s l c lp tuyn tnh, hoc trc
giao vi nhau, nu dn cch gia cc sng mang l bi s ca 1/t .
Tr ngi duy nht trong vic s dng DFT trong k thut OFDM l bn cht khng tun
hon ca tn hiu trong min thi gian. iu ny c th c gii quyt bng cch thm
mt thi khong bo v Tg, on ny chnh l bn sao ca k hiu tch cc trong Tg giy
trc (nh trn hnh 4). on thm vo ny thng c gi l CP (cyclic prefix) bi v
n lm cho k hiu OFDM nh l tun hon i vi my thu. Tn hiu thu sau s c
xp x bng php chp tun hon gia tn hiu pht v p ng xung ca knh.

- 13 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Hnh 4. Thm CP vo k hiu OFDM

Chiu di ca di bo v b hn ch nhm m bo hiu sut s dng di tn, tuy nhin,

n phi di hn p ng xung ca knh nhm duy tr tnh trc giao gia cc sng mang
con v loi b c cc loi giao thoa ICI v ISI. Nhng li ch t c nh chn thm
di bo v ny thng c gi tr hn nhng suy gim trong hiu sut s dng di tn v
trong t s SNR. minh ho cho iu ny, chng ta c th thy rng nng lng pht s
tng khi tng chiu di Tg ca CP, trong khi th nng lng tn hiu thu v ly mu
vn gi nguyn. Nng lng pht trn mt sng mang con l :

v suy gim SNR do loi b CP ti my thu l :

Nh vy, CP c chiu di cng ln th suy gim SNR cng nhiu. Thng thng, chiu
di tng i ca CP s c gi mc nh, cn suy gim SNR s ch yu l do yu cu
loi b giao thoa ICI v ISI (nh hn 1dB vi Tg/T < 0,2).
Php bin i Fourier ri rc (DFT)
Cc phng thc phn tch cc sng mang trong k thut OFDM c tm hiu v
nh gi trong sut qu trnh pht trin ca n. Hai phng thc ban u s dng cc b
lc phn tch cc di, v gp phi nhiu kh khn trong vic thc thi cc b lc c
di sn dc. Phng thc th ba c Weinstein v Ebert gii thiu, l phng thc s
dng cc bin php x l bng gc, khi , c my pht v my thu u c th c
thc thi bng cch s dng php bin i Fourier ri rc (DFT).

- 14 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Mi sng mang trong h thng OFDM u c th c vit di dng :
trong , xn,m l modul ca s phc tng ng vi sng mang con th n trong k hiu
OFDM th m v khc 0 trn chu k thi gian (m-1) < t < m , trong l chu k k
hiu. iu ny cho php chng ta c th vit li phng trnh (2) di dng trung bnh
ca cc sng mang phc lin tc theo thi gian, vi m cho trc :
trong , fn = f0 + n f vi f0 l tn s gc, v f l khong dn cch gia cc sng
mang. Khng mt tnh tng qut, gn f0 = 0. Thay gi tr fn v ly mu biu thc (8) ti
tn s 1/T, ta c :
Ta chn N mu trn mt chu k k hiu, s dng mi quan h = NT. So snh phng
trnh (9) vi dng tng qut ca php bin i IDFT :
chng ta thy rng, hm phc xn,m theo bin n chnh l nh ngha ca tn hiu c ly
mu biu din trong min tn s v s(kT) l dng biu din trong min thi gian. Do mi
quan h gia 2 php bin i DFT v IDFT :

nn phng trnh (10) v (11) l tng ng nu

iu kin ny cng ging ht vi yu cu v tnh trc giao trong biu thc (5). Nh vy,
duy tr tnh trc giao, tn hiu OFDM c th c nh ngha bng cch s dng php
bin i Fourier.
y l mt c im rt quan trng bi v 2 l do sau. Th nht, DFT l mt dng ca
php bin i Fourier m , tn hiu c ly mu v nh vy, chng tr nn tun
hon trong c min thi gian v tn s. iu ny gip trnh c cc vn v lu tr,
chng ph thng xut hin cc tn hiu c di tn v hn hoc khng i theo thi
gian. Php bin i ny, cng vi vic chn thm di bo v nhm gip cho mi k hiu
OFDM gn nh tun hon, gip thc hin php chp tun hon vi hm truyn t ca
knh. u im th hai ca vic ng dng DFT l php bin i ny c th c thc
hin kh n gin v r tin bng cch s dng FFT.

- 15 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Hnh 5. S khi cc qu trnh iu ch, gii iu ch OFDM s dng FFT

Hnh (5) l s khi ca mt h thng OFDM c s dng m sa sai, php IFFT c

s dng thc hin cc thao tc iu ch nh trong hnh (1). D liu u vo s c
nh x thnh cc b N-phn t bng cch s dng bt c php iu ch M-tr thng
thng no. Sau , cc thnh phn thc v o s c tch ra v c m ho chp
ring bit (thng thng l m chp c h s t l 1/2). B xen r khi c chc nng thc
hin xen r cc sng mang (theo tn s), v khi IFFT s to ra dng sng min thi
gian ging nh biu thc (8). Sau khi thm CP vo k hiu OFDM th tn hiu s c
pht i qua knh fading nhiu ng, ng thi n cng chu nh hng ca nhiu trng
cng sinh AWGN. Ti my thu, sau khi loi b CP khi k hiu OFDM, ngi ta thc
hin cn bng v bin i FFT. Tn hiu min thi gian thu c sau s c gii xen
r, gii m sa sai theo thut ton Viterbi v cui cng c gii iu ch M-tr tr
thnh lung d liu ban u.

- 16 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

3.Mt s ng dng ca cng ngh OFDM:

S khi OFDM trong h thng vin thng:

S khi h thng OFDM c bn

Cc ni c a hnh phc tp nh vng nng thn, ngoi , cc thnh ph ng dn c,

vv nh hng ln n kh nng truy cp khng dy bng rng khi trin khai trong thi
gian thc. Mt h thng truy cp v tuyn bng rng chc chn chnh l h thng c
nhiu tnh nng cao v kh nng truyn dn tt trong cc iu kin kt ni rng ln.- gip
cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ph sng trn din rng hn vi s trm gc gim
i.
Hng Alvarion (Israel), ng dng rt hiu qu cng ngh ny vo mt s sn phm ca
hng nh BreezeAccess OFDM, BreezeACCESS VL,vv nhm p ng cc yu cu t
n gin n chuyn dng nh kt ni mng Lan, camera gim st, h thng hi ngh
truyn hnh..

Cc sn phm ny c thit k c bit cho cc ng dng im-im, im-a im

trong cc iu kin b che chn!

S kt hp cng ngh modem OFDM v iu ch thch nghi linh hot ch c trong th

- 17 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

trng cng ngh truy cp v tuyn bng rng v l cc yu t chnh to nn tnh nng
ni tri trong sn phm ca hng Alvarion . Cc kh nng ny tp trung ch yu trong
cc kt ni a im trn thi gian thc.

ng dng trong h thng camera gim st khng dy

ng dng kt ni mng Lan theo cu trc im - im hoc im - a im

II.M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM:

1. S dng matlab:
1.1 Code m phng:
C% Tin hieu OFDM va pho cua no ( them khoang bao ve )
% Modulation OFDM
clear all;
Fd=1; % symbol rate (1Hz)
Fs=1*Fd; % so luong mau moi symbol

- 18 -

M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

M=4; % So muc duoc dieu che tren moi song mang
Ndata=1024; % so symbol duoc truyen
Sdata=64; % 64 du lieu symbol moi khung den ifft
Slen=128; % 128 symbol cho IFFT
Nsym=16; % so luong khung -> Nsym khung
GIlen=144; % symbol voi khoang bao ve them vao
GI=16; % do dai khoang bao ve
% Tao vector
X=zeros(Ndata,1);
Y1=zeros(Ndata,1);
Y2=zeros(Ndata,1);
Y3=zeros(Slen,1);
z0=zeros(Slen,1);
z1=zeros(Ndata/Sdata*Slen,1);
g=zeros(GIlen,1);
z2=zeros(GIlen*Nsym,1);
% Tao ma tran cac so nguyen ngau nhien
X = randint(Ndata, 1, M);
% symbol so duoc map nhu mot symbol tuong tu
Y1 = modmap(X, Fd, Fs, 'qask', M);
% chuyen qua so phuc
Y2=amodce(Y1,1,'qam');
for j=1:Nsym;
for i=1:Sdata;
Y3(i+Slen/2-Sdata/2,1)=Y2(i+(j-1)*Sdata,1);
end

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

z0=ifft(Y3);
for i=1:Slen;
z1(((j-1)*Slen)+i)=z0(i,1);
end
for i=1:Slen;
g(i+16)=z0(i,1);
end
for i=1:GI;
g(i)=z0(i+Slen-GI,1);
end
for i=1:GIlen;
z2(((j-1)*GIlen)+i)=g(i,1);
end
end
f = linspace(-Sdata,Sdata,length(z1));
Y4 = fft(z1);
% Neu Y4 nho hon 0.01 Y4=0.001
for j=1:Ndata/Sdata*Slen;
if abs(Y4(j)) < 0.01
Y4(j)=0.01;
end
end
Y4 = 10*log10(abs(Y4));
figure( );
subplot(2,1,1);plot(f,abs(z1),'b');grid on;

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Title('Signal in Time Domain','Color','b');
xlabel('Time, s','Color','b');
ylabel('Amplitude','Color','b')
f = linspace(-Sdata,Sdata,length(Y4));
subplot(2,1,2); plot(f,Y4,'r');grid on;
Title('Signal in Frequency Domain','Color','r');
xlabel('Frequency, Hz','Color','r');
ylabel('Magnitude square, dB','Color','r')

axis([-64 64 -20 20]);

% The end!

1.2 Kt qu m phng:

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Tn hiu OFDM

Tn hiu trong min thi gian v Ph ca tn hiu sau khi iu ch OFDM

2.1S dng Simulink:

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Khi IQ mapper:

Khi iu ch OFDM:

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

2.2 Kt qu m phng bng simulink:

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Ph ca tn hiu sau iu ch OFDM

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

Biu chm sao ca tn hiu sau iu ch 64-QAM

Gm 64 im i xng nhau qua 2 trc I v Q

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

III. Kt lun:
Kh nng hot ng trong cc iu kin b che chn l yu t quan trng ca cng ngh
truy cp v tuyn bng rng. Cc nh cung cp v khai thc dch v vin thng cn bit
rng cng ngh v tuyn bng rng c th trin khai bt c ni no v c th khc phc
c cc iu kin a hnh b che chn nh ni cao, rng cy cc vng su vng xa,
cc to nh cao tng cc khu th, khu dn c ng c. Vi cng ngh OFDM cho
php trin khai h thng trn din rng do em li li ch rt ln, gim thiu chi ph
lp t v vn hnh cho cc nh cung cp v khai thc dch v cng nh cc khch hng
s dng dch v vin thng.
V vy vic hiu v cng ngh OFDM l rt quan trng vi mi sinh vin in t vin
thng, v vic m phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM bng matlab gip chng ta rt
nhiu trong vic hiu v vn dng cng ngh OFDM.
Cui cng xin cm n thy: V Vn Ym v gip chng em hiu r cng ngh OFDM
ni ring v hc tt mn H Thng V Tuyn ni chung.

IV. Cng vic ca cc thnh vin:

1. Trn Thnh c ( Nhm trng ): Tm hiu chung v OFDM, tm ti
liu v OFDM, tham gia vit code matlab, m phng OFDM s dng
simulink, vit slide, vit bo co.
2. Nguyn Kim Lun: Tm hiu v OFDM, dch mt s ti liu v
OFDM, vit code matlab
3. ng Hong Giang: Tm hiu v OFDM, tm ti liu v OFDM, m
phng OFDM dng simulink.

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

V. Ti liu tham kho:

1. Cc bi tp matlab v thng tin v tuyn - TS. Nguyn Vn c
2. OFDM for wireless communications systems Ramjee Prasad
3. http://vntelecom.com
4. http://5nam.ttvnol.com
5. http://mathworks.com

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

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M phng qu trnh iu ch OFDM (Matlab/Simulink):

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