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Chng II
MCH PHN CC V KHUCH I TN HIU NH
DNG BJT
Ta bit BJT c th hot ng trong 3 vng:
- Vng tc ng: (Vng khuch i hay tuyn tnh)
vi ni B-E phn cc thun
ni B-C phn cc nghch
- Vng bo ha: Ni B-E phn cc thun
Ni B-C phn cc thun
- Vng ngng: Ni B-E phn cc nghch
Ty theo nhim v m hot ng ca transistor phi c t trong vng no. Nh
vy, phn cc transistor l a cc in th mt chiu vo cc cc ca transistor nh th
no transistor hot ng trong vng mong mun. D nhin ngi ta cn phi thc hin
mt s bin php khc n nh hot ng transistor nht l khi nhit ca transistor
thay i.
Trong chng ny, ta kho st ch yu BJT NPN nhng cc kt qa v phng
php phn tch vn ng vi BJT PNP, ch cn ch n chiu dng in v cc tnh ca
ngun in th 1 chiu.
Trng Vn Tm
II-1
Mch in T
* S bo ha ca BJT:
S lin h gia IC v IB s quyt nh BJT c hot ng trong vng tuyn tnh hay
khng. BJT hot ng trong vng tuyn tnh th ni thu - nn phi phn cc nghch.
BJT NPN v c th hnh 2.1 ta phi c:
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II-2
Mch in T
* S bo ha ca BJT:
Tng t nh trong mch phn cc c nh, bng cch cho ni tt gia cc thu v
cc pht ta tm c dng in cc thu bo ha ICsat
Ta thy khi thm RE vo, ICsat nh hn trong trng hp phn cc c nh, tc BJT d
bo ha hn.
Trong :
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II-3
Mch in T
Mch nn - pht:
VBB= RBBIB+VBE+REIE
Thay: IE=(1+)IB
B
II-4
Mch in T
Trong cch tnh phn cc ny, ta thy khng c s hin din ca h s . im tnh
iu hnh Q c xc nh bi IC v VCE nh vy c lp vi . y l mt u im ca
mch phn cc vi in tr cc pht RE v h s rt nhy i vi nhit mc d khi c
RE khuch i ca BJT c suy gim.
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II-5
Mch in T
2.6.1. Th d 1:
RB.
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II-6
Mch in T
RB=1,2M
Chn
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II-7
Mch in T
VC=VCC-RCIC=5V
- Khi BJT bo ha, in tr tng ng gia 2 cc thu-pht l:
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II-8
Mch in T
Khi bo ha:
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II-9
Mch in T
Vy ta thit k: RC=1K
RB=150K
Trong thc t, BJT khng th chuyn tc thi t trng thi ngng sang trng thi dn
hay ngc li m phi mt mt thi gian. iu ny l do tc dng ca in dung 2
mi ni ca BJT.
Ta xem hot ng ca BJT trong mt chu k ca tn hiu (hnh 2.16)
B
Khi chuyn t trng thi ngng sang trng thi dn, BJT phi mt mt thi gian
l:
(2.14)
ton=td+tr
td: Thi gian t khi c tn hiu vo n khi IC tng c 10% gi tr cc i
tr: Thi gian IC tng t 10% n 90% gi tr cc i.
Khi chuyn t trng thi dn sang trng thi ngng, BJT phi mt mt thi gian
l:
toff=ts+tf
(2.15)
ts: Thi gian t khi mt tn hiu vo n khi IC cn 90% so vi tr cc i
tf: Thi gian t khi IC 90% n khi gim cn 10% tr cc i.
Trng Vn Tm
II-10
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
II-11
Mch in T
V BJT, ngi ta thng dng mch tng ng kiu mu re hay mch tng ng
theo thng s h. Hnh 2.20 m t 2 loi mch tng ng ny 2 dng n gin v y
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II-12
Mch in T
* Dng n gin
* Dng y
Hnh 2.20
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II-13
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
II-14
Mch in T
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II-15
Mch in T
Ch : Trong mch c bn hnh 2.21 nu ta mc thm t phn dng CE (nh hnh 2.24)
hoc ni thng chn E xung mass (nh hnh 2.25) th trong mch tng ng xoay
chiu s khng cn s hin din ca in tr RE (hnh 2.26)
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II-16
Mch in T
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II-17
Mch in T
* li in th:
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II-18
Mch in T
* Tng tr ra: Z 0 =
vo
: ni tt ng vo (vi=0) ib=0 v ib=0
io
Zo=RC//RB
(2.47)
Ch : Cng ging nh phn trc, mch hnh 2.31, nu ta mc thm t phn dng CE
vo cc E ca BJT hoc mc thng cc E xung mass th cc thng s ca mch c suy
ra khi cho RE=0
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II-19
Mch in T
* Tng tr ra Zo
Ni tt ng vo (vi=0), p 1 in th vo ng ra
Ch :
- Mch khuch i cc thu chung cng c th c phn cc bng cu chia in th
nh hnh 2.36. Cc cng thc trn mch phn gii trn vn ng, ch cn thay RB=R1//R2
B
II-20
Mch in T
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II-21
Mch in T
(2.56)
(2.57)
Ghi ch: Trng hp ta mc thm t phn dng CE hoc mch in khng c RE (chn
E mc xung mass) th trong mch tng ng s khng c s hin din ca RE
Cc kt qu s l:
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II-22
Mch in T
II-23
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
II-24
Mch in T
Nu hoRL << 1 Ai # hf
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II-25
Mch in T
BI TP CUI CHNG II
Bi 1: Hy thit k mt mch phn cc dng cu chia in th vi ngun in VCC=24V,
BJT s dng c =100/si v iu hnh ti ICQ=4mA, VCEQ=8v. Chn VE=1/8VCC. Dng
in tr c gi tr tiu chun.
Bi 2: Thit k mch o vi thng s nh hnh 2.44. BJT dng c =100/si v
ICsat=8mA. Hy thit k vi IB=120%IBmax v dng in tr tiu chun.
B
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II-26
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
II-27
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
II-28
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
II-29
Mch in T