Ijetae Icadet 15 20

"Sharpening Skills.....
Serving Nation"
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459 (Online), Volume 5, Special Issue 1, April 2015)
Second International Conference on Advanced Developments in Engineering and Technology (ICADET-15), INDIA.
Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emissions of

Diesel on a Single Cylinder Four Stroke VCR Engine
Vijay Kumar Attri1, Vijay Kumar Sharma2, Saurabh Kumar Singh3, Manish Saraswat4
1,3
Asstt. Professor, Deptt. of Mechanical Engg. , LKCE, Ghaziabad

Asstt. Professor, Deptt. of Mechanical Engg. , JP Institute of Engg & Tech., Meerut
4
Asstt. Professor, Deptt. of Mechanical Engg. , ABES Engg College, Ghaziabad
Abstract Experimental work was conducted to evaluate

the effect of compression ratio on performance and emission
by using conventional diesel fuel on the single cylinder four
stroke variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with the
engine working at different five engine loads at compression
ratio 18 (CR18), compression ratio 17 (CR17) & compression
ratio 16 (CR16). The test were performed on Engine speed
1500 rpm and for emissions was measured by AVL emission
analyser. The performance parameters evaluated including
Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel
consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT)
with emission HC, CO & NOx. Experimental data showed at
CR17 give their best performance in the diesel engine. Result
showed slightly enhancement in brake thermal efficiency as
well as brake specific fuel consumption and reduced in
exhaust gas temperature while the emission content at CR18
shows marginal improvement in CO and reduced in HC, its
increase as load increases. The main factor NOx decreases as
compression ratio increases and increases as load increases.
At higher compression ration i.e. CR18 NOx reduced upto
30% from the compression ration 16.
I.
INTRODUCTION
The setup consists of single cylinder, four stroke, VCR

(Variable Compression Ratio) Diesel engine connected to
eddy current type dynamometer for loading. The
compression ratio can be changed without stopping the
engine and without altering the combustion chamber
geometry by specially designed tilting cylinder block
arrangement. Setup is provided with necessary instruments
for combustion pressure and crank-angle measurements.
These signals are interfaced to computer through engine
indicator for PPV diagrams. Provision is also made for
interfacing airflow, fuel flow, temperatures and load
measurement.
The set up has stand-alone panel box consisting of air

box, two fuel tanks for duel fuel test, manometer, fuel
measuring unit, transmitters for air
and fuel flow
measurements, process indicator and engine indicator.
Rotameters are provided for cooling water and calorimeter
water flow measurement.
The setup enables study of VCR engine performance for
brake power, indicated power, frictional power, BMEP,
IMEP, brake thermal efficiency, indicated thermal
efficiency, Mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency,
specific fuel consumption. Lab view based Engine
Performance Analysis software package Enginesoft_9.0
is provided for on line performance evaluation.
II.
V ARIABLE COMPRESSION R ATIO (VCR) ENGINES
1. Because of cylinder-bore diameter, piston-stroke

length and combustion-chamber volume are almost
always constant, the compression ratio for a given
engine is almost always constant, until engine wear
takes its toll.
2. One exception is the experimental Variable
Compression engine. This engine uses a technique
that dynamically alters the volume of the combustion
chamber (Vc), which, via above equation, changes the
compression ratio (CR).
3. The Atkinson cycle engine was one of the first
attempts at variable compression.
4. The VCR engine used for the experiment in this case
uses a special type of mechanical technique to vary
the compression ratio of the engine. Cylinder block is
attached to an adjuster nut arrangement with help of
which it can be tilted to specified angle to vary the
clearance volume and hence the compression ratio
changes accordingly.
Lord Krishna College of Engineering (An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
Page 94
Serving Nation"

Compression ratio setting on a single cylinder VCR Diesel Engine

Fuel properties of Diesel fuel
Properties
Diesel fuel
Chemical formula
C14.32H24.75
Molecular weight (g/mol)
197.21
Oxygen (%) (wt.)
Density (kg/m3)
837
Boiling point (0C)
210-235
ST(0C)
254
LHV (MJ/kg)
42.65
VLH (kJ/kg)
375
CN
45-50
Page 95
Serving Nation"

III.
ENGINE DETAILS
IC Engine set up under test is Kirloskar TV1 having

power 5.20 kW @ 1500 rpm which is 1 Cylinder, Four
stroke , Constant Speed, Water Cooled, Diesel Engine, with
Cylinder Bore 87.50(mm), Stroke Length 110.00(mm),
Connecting Rod length 234.00(mm), Compression Ratio
18.00, Swept volume 661.45 (cc).
IV.
TEST PARAMETER
For this, at a given compression ratio 18 (CR18), the

load is increased from 0-10 kg, 2kg at a time, and the
engine is run for the required test duration for the
measurement of values.
Emission Tester
Engine emissions of different compression ratio of diesel
(cr18, cr17 & cr16) and at different load (0-10 kg) with a
step of 2 kg were measured by AVL emission analyser.
Specifications about the analyser are given below :
These are to be entered every time engine testing has to

be done. First compression ratio and calorific value of fuel
at one time and for new compression ratio entered
manually, rest of this every parameter will achieved
automatically for corresponding load to be entered
automatically.
Parameter Description :
Brake specific fuel consumption
Fuel consumption rate
Brake thermal efficiency
Brake mean effective pressure
Exhaust gas Temperature
Actual Speed
Air intake velocity etc.
4.4.3 Testing Procedure
The VCR engine has to be operated on the 1-butanol
diesel blend at different compression ratios, with a load
range of 0-10kg at each given value of compression ratio.
Page 96
Serving Nation"

Test Setup
Page 97
Serving Nation"

Single Cylinder Foru Stroke Diesel Engine Graphs
Brake specific fuel consumption comparison at different compression ratio for diesel
Brake Thermal Efficiency consumption comparison at different compression ratio for diesel
Page 98
Serving Nation"

Exhaust Gas Temperature comparison at different compression ratio for diesel
CO emission comparison at different compression ratio for diesel
Page 99
Serving Nation"

HC emission comparison at different compression ratio for diesel
NOx emission comparison at different compression ratio for diesel
Page 100
Serving Nation"

V.
INTERPRETATION O F GRAPH
It is observed from the above graphs that the Brake

specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at low load was higher at
CR 18 and gradually decreases as compression ratio
decrease but as load increases it become quite similar for
CR18 & CR16. It can be observed from the figure that
CR17 gives their best output. Brake thermal efficiency
(BTE) at CR18 at low load condition was noticed poor and
in comparison CR16 is shows higher output but as load
increases Brake thermal efficiency increases and give their
best result at CR17 which shows in graph and this
improvement upto 10% higher than CR18 and CR16.
EGT again at higher side at CR18 when load at low side.
As load increases EGT increases and near the same result
for CR18 and CR16, at CR17 EGT has approximately 12%
less rest of two compression ratio.
CO increase at high compression ratio i.e. CR18 as well
as on CR16, experimental data shows their optimum value
at CR17. CO shows their higher value at low load condition
and its decreases as load increases. On other hand HC
decreases as compression ratio increases and increases as
load increases. CO reduced approximately 20% at CR18
from the CR16. The main factor NOx decreases as
compression ratio increases and increases as load increases.
At higher compression ration i.e. CR18 NOx reduced upto
30% from the compression ration 16.
VI.
CONCLUSION
As from the above result and discussion we can

conclude that diesel engine at compression ratio 17 (CR17)
gives their best result in performance i.e. Brake specific
fuel consumption, Brake Thermal efficiency and Exhaust
gas temperature in comparison of compression ratio 18 &
16 but the adverse effect on emission the data shows least
emission content found at compression ratio 18 (CR18)
means higher compression ratio. At CR18 NOx reduced
upto 30% from the CR16 at loading condition and reduced
20% CO, no doubt slightly increment in HC emission were
found at CR18. The operating condition at CR18 is an
environmentally friendly and can be used in any diesel
engine.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
Kennneth R Szukzyk, Which is better trasporatation fuel ethanol

butanol, International journal of energy and environment, Vol. 1,
Issue 1, (2010).
Zhi-Hui Zhang, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Influence of butanol
addition to dieselbiodiesel blend on engine performance and
particulate emissions of a stationary diesel engine, Applied Energy
119 pp. 530536 (2014).
Mingfa Yao *, Hu Wang, Zunqing Zheng, Yan Yue, Experimental
study of n-butanol additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine
performance and emissions, Fuel 89 pp. 21912201 (2010).
H. U. Mughal, M. M. A. Bhutta**, M. Athar, E. M. Shahid and M.
S. Ehsan, The alternative fuels for four stroke compression ignition
engines: performance analysis, IJST, Transactions of Mechanical
Engineering, Vol. 36, No. M2, pp. 155-16 (2012).
Bang-Quan He, Jie Yuan, Mao-Bin Liu, Hua Zhao, Combustion
and emission characteristics of a n-butanol HCCI engine, Fuel 115
pp. 758764 (2014) .
Satish Kumar, Jae Hyun Cho, Jaedeuk Park, Il Moon, Advances in
dieselalcohol blends and their effects on the performance and
emissions of diesel engines, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews 22 pp. 4672 (2013).
D.BALAJI, Influence of isobutanol blend in compression ignition
engine performance operated with gasoline and ethanol,
International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol.
2(7), pp. 2859-2868 (2010).
Oguzhan Dogan, The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends
utilization on a small diesel engine performance and emissions, Fuel
90 pp. 24672472 (2011).
Lei JL, Shen LZ, Bi YH, Chen H. A novel emulsifier for ethanoldiesel blends and its effect on performance and emissions of diesel
engine. Fuel 93 pp. 305-311 (2012).
Yilmaz N. Sanchez TM, Analysis of operating a diesel engine on
biodiesel ethanol and biodieselmethanol blends, Energy pp.
46:1269 (2012).
Lujaji F, Kristf L, Bereczky A, Mbarawa M., Experimental
investigation of fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and
emissions of blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel on a CI
engine, Fuel 90 pp. 505-510 (2011).
Gokhan Tuccar, Tayfun Ozgur, Kadir Aydn, Effect of diesel
microalgae biodieselbutanol blends on performance and emissions
of diesel engine, Fuel 132 pp. 4752 (2014).
Dulari Hansdah, S. Murugan, L.M. Das, Experimental studies on a
DI diesel engine fueled with bioethanol-diesel emulsions, Alexandria
Engineering Journal 52, pp. 267276 (2013).
D.C. Rakopoulos, C.D. Rakopoulos, R.G. Papagiannakis, D.C.
Kyritsis, Combustion heat release analysis of ethanol or n-butanol
diesel fuel blends in heavy-duty DI diesel engine, Fuel 90 pp.1855
1867 (2011).
Page 101
Serving Nation"

[15] Yu-Cheng Chang, Wen-Jhy Lee , Sheng-Lun Lin, Lin-Chi Wang,
Green energy: Water-containing acetonebutanolethanol diesel
blends fueled in diesel engines, Applied Energy 109 pp. 182191
(2013).
[16] Adrian Irimescu, Performance and fuel conversion efficiency of a
spark ignition engine fueled with iso-butanol, Applied Energy 96
477483 (2012).
[17] P. Saisirirat, C. Togbe, S. Chanchaona, F. Foucher, C. MounaimRousselle, P. Dagaut Auto-ignition and combustion characteristics in
HCCI and JSR using 1-butanol/n-heptane and ethanol/n-heptane
blends, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33 pp.30073014
(2011).
[18] Jincheng Huang, Yaodong Wang, Shuangding Li , Anthony P.

Roskilly , Hongdong Yu , Huifen Li, Experimental investigation on
the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with
ethanoldiesel blends, Applied Thermal Engineering 29 pp. 2484
2490 (2009).
[19] D.C. Rakopoulos, C.D. Rakopoulos, E.C. Kakaras, E.G. Giakoumis,
Effects of ethanol diesel blends on the performance and exhaust
emissions of a heavy duty DI diesel engine. Energy Conversion
Management. 49 pp. 31553162 (2008) .
Page 102

Ijetae Icadet 15 20

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ijetae Icadet 15 20

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

"Sharpening Skills.....

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emissions of

Asstt. Professor, Deptt. of Mechanical Engg. , LKCE, Ghaziabad

Abstract Experimental work was conducted to evaluate

The setup consists of single cylinder, four stroke, VCR

The set up has stand-alone panel box consisting of air

V ARIABLE COMPRESSION R ATIO (VCR) ENGINES

1. Because of cylinder-bore diameter, piston-stroke

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Compression ratio setting on a single cylinder VCR Diesel Engine

Molecular weight (g/mol)

Oxygen (%) (wt.)

Boiling point (0C)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

IC Engine set up under test is Kirloskar TV1 having

For this, at a given compression ratio 18 (CR18), the

These are to be entered every time engine testing has to

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Exhaust Gas Temperature comparison at different compression ratio for diesel

CO emission comparison at different compression ratio for diesel

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

HC emission comparison at different compression ratio for diesel

NOx emission comparison at different compression ratio for diesel

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

It is observed from the above graphs that the Brake

As from the above result and discussion we can

Kennneth R Szukzyk, Which is better trasporatation fuel ethanol

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

[18] Jincheng Huang, Yaodong Wang, Shuangding Li , Anthony P.

You might also like