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CAJAMARCA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
ESCUELA ACADEMICA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA
GEOLOGICA
EXPLORACION GEOTECNICA EN
EL CASERIO DE CHAMIS
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE
CAJAMARCA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
GEOTECNIA I
EXPLORACION GEOTECNICA EN EL
CASERIO DE CHAMIS
ALUMNOS:
CERDAN MUNOZ, Jose Idonil
JARA VASQUEZ, Gilmer MERLO
PALOMINO, Richard IZQUIERDO
TANTA, Tony Jans VALIENTE
BRIONES, Freddy
ASESORADO POR:
ORLANDO BAZAN SANTA CRUZ
il
RESUMEN
2j
ABSTRACT
The study area is located in the hamlet of Chamis district Cajamarca, province Cajamarca, with an
area of 8 km2 (800 ha). The study area has a varied relief, dissected by the Manzanas river, the
Balconcillo river and the Cuschunga river. Lithologically consists of clastic rocks of the Formations
Inca and Farrat, not clastic rocks of the formations Chulec, Pariatambo, and Yumagual, and the
group Quilquinan - Mujarrum, is also intrusive rocks of Intrusive Chamis are affected argillic
alteration to intermediate argillic, and Quaternary alluvial deposits. The area is influenced by
geological structures as local and regional faults also form part of the syncline Chamis.
According to their geomechanical properties area has differentiated into five types of solid, Mass I
mainly formed by Quaternary gravels, sands and silts, the Mass II composed of clastic rocks of
Formations Inca and Farrat presents a RMR = 67 and GSI = 60 classified as a mass good quality,
Mass III consisting intrusive rocks, diorite, the intrusive Chamis presents a RMR = 52 and GSI = 50
ranking as a mass of fair quality, Mass IV consists of rocks not clastic of the Formations Chimu,
Yumagual and the group Quilquinan - Mujarrum presents a RMR = 69 and GSI = 65 classified as a
mass good quality, and finally the Mass V formed by not clastic rocks of Formation Pariatambo
presents a RMR = 58 and GSI= 50 classified as a mass regular quality.
In the study area has identified three areas with different instability taking into account the type of
rock mass by quality, the slope of the surface, and the presence of areas of weakness, an area of high
instability, characterized by Quaternary deposits and rock masses with low to medium quality where
the identified subsidence, landslides and mass removals. Another area of half instability in good
quality rock masses but the slope of the steep surface that makes it susceptible to mass removals.
And an area of low instability presents mainly low slopes.
We analyzed the stability of geotechnical structures such as a slope of road in a rock mass to obtain
a safety factor of 2.7 in normal and 1.2 in undrained conditions indicating a stable slope that is that
the slope is in a solid good quality and in addition dipping bedding planes in a direction opposite to
the inclination of the slope. A road slope quaternary material was obtained in which a safety factor
of 0.9 in normal conditions, one of the reasons for instability is that the batter has a very steep slope.
A retaining wall at the edge of the road, this wall is stable with a safety factor of 2.8. And finally
analyzed the stability of a wall of a bridge built in quaternary materials which scored a safety factor
of 1.7 without considering external loads, and considering the safety factor is critical supporting
only 10 Kg/cm2.
3j
INTRODUCCION
Para desarrollar proyectos geotecnicos es indispensable tener conocimiento claro y preciso sobre las
disciplinas geologicas e ingenieriles y la integration de estas dentro del area de estudio, ademas es
indispensable tener conocimiento previo de las caracteristicas del terreno, su geologia, estratigrafia,
geomorfolog^a, geologia estructural, etc.; y la tipologia de las estructuras construidas o por
construir. Un Estudio Geotecnico debera considerar todos los aspectos que aseguren una excelente
justification del desarrollo del proyecto y puede tener los diferentes niveles del proyecto a ejecutar,
todas las fases un estudio Geotecnico son necesarias, la Recopilacion de
Information,
la
Planificacion de Actividades, el Reconocimiento del Terreno, y la Elaboration del Estudio
Geotecnico, pero esta ultima es la que mostrara el nivel y la calidad del trabajo realizado.
En este proyecto realizaremos un estudio geotecnico de una zona del caserio de Chamis, este
estudio es de caracter educativo y esta encausado a mostrar las diferentes etapas y factores a tener en
cuenta en la realizacion de una exploracion geotecnica de una determinada zona.
4j
CONTENIDO
RESUMEN.......................................................................................................................................... 2
ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCCION.............................................................................................................................. 4
CONTENIDO......................................................................................................................................5
CAPITULO I: METODOLOGIA DE INVESTIGACION.............................................................8
1.1.
PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA...........................................................................8
1.2.
FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA................................................................................8
1.3.
JUSTIFICACION.................................................................................................................8
1.4.
OBJETIVOS.........................................................................................................................9
1.4.1.
OBJETIVO GENERAL.........................................................................................................9
1.4.2.
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS.................................................................................................9
1.5.
METODOLOGIA.................................................................................................................9
1.5.1.
CAMPO..................................................................................................................................9
1.5.2.
GABINETE..........................................................................................................................10
1.5.3.
HERRAMIENTAS DE TRABAJO......................................................................................10
CAPITULO II: MARCO TEORICO..............................................................................................11
2.1.
ROCK MASS RATING (RMR)........................................................................................11
2.2.
GEOLOGICAL STRENGTH INDEX (GSI)...................................................................13
2.3.
TALUD Y LADERAS.........................................................................................................14
2.4.
METODOS DE ANALISIS DE ESTABILIDAD.............................................................14
2.4.1.
METODOS DE CALCULO EN DEFORMACIONES.......................................................14
2.4.2.
METODOS DE EQUILIBRIO LIMITE..............................................................................14
2.4.2.1.
Metodos exactos...................................................................................................................14
2.4.2.2.
Metodos no exactos..............................................................................................................15
2.5.
MODELOS DE ROTURA DE ROCAS............................................................................16
2.5.1..................................................................................................................ROTURA PLANAR
16
2.5.1.1............................................................................Analisis de estabilidad en rotura planar
...........................................................................................................................................17
2.5.2............................................................................................................ROTURA POR CUNAS
18
2.5.2.1......................................................................................Geometria de la rotura por cunas
...........................................................................................................................................18
CAPITULO III: ASPECTOS GENERALES.................................................................................19
3.1.
UBICACION......................................................................................................................19
3.1.1.
UBICACION GEOGRAFICA.............................................................................................19
3.1.2.
UBICACION POLITICA.....................................................................................................19
3.2.
ACCESIBILIDAD ............................................................................................................ 21
3.3.
CLIMA Y VEGETACION.................................................................................................22
3.3.1.
CLIMA.................................................................................................................................22
3.3.2.
PRECIPITACION.................................................................................................................23
si
3.3.3.
TEMPERATURA.................................................................................................................23
3.3.4.
HUMEDAD RELATIVA.....................................................................................................25
3.3.5.
VEGETACION....................................................................................................................25
3.4.
TRABAJOS PREVIOS......................................................................................................25
CAPITULO IV: DESCRIPTORES GEOLOGICOS....................................................................26
4.1.
GEOMORFOLOG^A........................................................................................................26
4.1.1.........................................................................................................................TOPOGRAFIA
26
4.1.2.................................................................................................ELEMENTOS DEL RELIEVE
27
4.1.2.1.............................................................................................................................Drenaje
...........................................................................................................................................27
4.1.2.2......................................................................................................Superficies de erosion
...........................................................................................................................................28
4.1.2.3................................................................................................................................Valles
...........................................................................................................................................28
4.1.2.4............................................................................................................................Terrazas
...........................................................................................................................................29
4.1.2.5..............................................................................................................................Colinas
...........................................................................................................................................29
4.1.2.6.............................................................................................................................Laderas
...........................................................................................................................................30
4.1.3..............................................................................................PROCESOS MORFOLOGICOS
30
4.1.3.1...........................................................................................................................Carcavas
...........................................................................................................................................30
4.1.3.2..........................................................................................................Remocion de masas
...........................................................................................................................................31
4.2.
HIDROLOG^A E HIDROGEOLOG^A.........................................................................32
4.3.
LITOLOG^A......................................................................................................................33
4.3.1...........................................................................................................FORMACION FARRAT
33
4.3.2................................................................................................................FORMACION INCA
35
4.3.3..........................................................................................................FORMACION CHULEC
37
4.3.4................................................................................................FORMACION PARIATAMBO
39
4.3.5...................................................................................................FORMACION YUMAGUAL
41
4.3.6.................................................................................GRUPO QUILQUINAN - MUJARRUM
41
4.3.7.............................................................................................................INTRUSIVO CHAMIS
42
4.3.8..............................................................................................DEPOSITOS CUATERNARIOS
42
4.4.
GEOLOG^A ESTRUCTURAL........................................................................................43
4.4.1..............................................................................................................................SINCLINAL
43
4.4.2...................................................................................................................MICROPLIEGUES
44
4.4.3....................................................................................................................................FALLAS
45
4.4.3.1.................................................................................................................Fallas normales
...........................................................................................................................................45
4.4.3.2.............................................................................................................Falla de direccion
45
4.4.3.3..............................................................................................................Fracturas en cuna
...........................................................................................................................................46
4.4.4...........................................................................................................................DIACLASAS
46
CAPITULO V: DESCRIPTORES GEOTECNICOS................................................................... 50
5.1.
CARACTERIZACION DE MACIZOS ROCOSOS......................................................50
5.1.1.
MACIZO I............................................................................................................................50
5.1.2.
MACIZO II..........................................................................................................................53
5.1.2.1.
Caracterizacion de la matriz rocosa.....................................................................................53
5.1.2.2.
Description de las discontinuidades....................................................................................54
5.1.2.3.
Clasificacion geomecanica del macizo rocoso....................................................................61
5.1.2.4.
Determination de propiedades geomecanicas.....................................................................63
5.1.3.
MACIZO III.........................................................................................................................64
5.1.3.1.
Caracterizacion de la matriz rocosa.....................................................................................64
5.1.3.2.
Descripcion de las discontinuidades....................................................................................65
5.1.3.3.
Clasificacion geomecanica del macizo rocoso.....................................................................72
5.1.3.4.
Determinacion de propiedades geomecanicas.....................................................................74
5.1.4.
MACIZO IV.........................................................................................................................75
5.1.4.1.
Caracterizacion de la matriz rocosa.....................................................................................75
5.1.4.2.
Descripcion de las discontinuidades....................................................................................76
5.1.4.3.
Clasificacion geomecanica del macizo rocoso.....................................................................83
5.1.4.4.
Determinacion de propiedades geomecanicas.....................................................................85
5.1.5.
MACIZO V..........................................................................................................................86
5.1.5.1.
Caracterizacion de la matriz rocosa.....................................................................................86
5.1.5.2.
Descripcion de las discontinuidades....................................................................................87
5.1.5.3.
Clasificacion geomecanica del macizo rocoso.....................................................................94
5.1.5.4.
Determinacion de propiedades geomecanicas.....................................................................96
5.2.
IDENTIFICACION DE AREAS INESTABLES............................................................97
5.2.1.
ZONAS CON INESTABILIDAD ALTA.............................................................................97
5.2.2.
ZONAS CON INESTABILIDAD MEDIA.........................................................................98
5.2.3.
ZONAS CON INESTABILIDAD BAJA............................................................................99
5.3.
ANALISIS DE ESTRUCTURAS GEOTECNICAS.......................................................99
5.3.1.
TALUD DE CARRETERA EN MACIZO ROCOSO.......................................................100
5.3.2.
TALUD DE CARRETERA EN MATERIAL CUATERNARIO.......................................101
5.3.3.
MURO DE CONTENCION..............................................................................................103
5.3.4.
MUROS DE UN PUENTE................................................................................................104
CONCLUSIONES.......................................................................................................................... 106
RECOMENDACIONES................................................................................................................ 108