Fourth Edition aU rye Architects’) Data @)WILEY-BLACK WELLEngle language tstpubishod 2012 © 2012 Blacanel PuDining Lic iackwellPubtsing was acqured by Jn Wey & Sons in Feary 2007. Biachvel'spubsing programas been merged vin Wey’ {lebal Scertifo, Technical ard Mescal tunes to frm Mlley-Slackwl, Repisnred oto seh wey Sers, Ltd The Aum, Sounein Gate, Chichestex Wes Sussex, POLO E30. UK £000 Garsington Road, Oxford, 04200, UK 721 State Aven, Ames loa 00142300, USA For eetalle of our global edo offces, for customer services ané for information aout how to apaly for permission to reuse the ropyrigh materia th book plese coe our wabete al war sileycomviny bleh Patent At 1989, A gs reerves. No part of this publization may be reprecied, stored ina reieal sysem, or transmit, in any form et by any rreane,elecranie mechanical, phetozepying,ecvding 0 otheleeexcepl ae permited by the UX Copysght. eegne end Patented 1986 reutte prox permission ofthe pubieher. Designations used by companies asnguis the prosuc ae oten chimed ae taderarks, All and names and produit names rot associat wth ary producto! vendor mention in ths Eook. This eubiceon lr deegjned lo previde accurate ard auboralve Intaration in rqacl te he subject matter covered. Ia aolé nthe understanding tat the purer isnot engaged in vendedng FFofessona’servbes.Iipotesioral adie or ether expert aesctance is required. Ie survees ofa cement prfeseonal enous be Fiat Engen angssce elton pubiehed by Crosby Leokvod Sap 1970, Repetee Stimes ‘Seton ntratiens English language alton publshed by Granae Publishing 1980 epritec 3tmes Relesied inpapersack®y Coins Potessiona and Techneal Books 1985 Reprite by Blackwell Science L112 times “ed Engle arcuage easton publishes by Blackwel Scioce Lt 2000, Four Edtan language editan pubiehes by Sache Publishing LIs2012 Crigiaty Published ip the Geran Language by Vieweg + Teubner, 65185 Wiesbaden, Germany. a6 “Est Neuf Newert Sauertrartuelve 39. 2ulage (36th Een)” e'Viewes # Teubrer|GW Feehvelage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2009 Library of Congress Caialogingin-Publction Data Neuter, Eres, Archtects'datalrnet and Peter Neuter — At ed eignted by Emst Never ; sedate by Johannes Kiser. includes bolographicalreteences andindex ISBN 978-1-4081-8253-8 (pbk. =k. paper) + Bulcing-Hanebooks, manuals, ec 2 Busting-Piannng-tandbcoks, manuals, et 3, Arhtecture-Handbooks, manual, te | Neult Peter Kite dehannes, 198: Tie ‘Tish 513 2012 Tatts 2012003486 ‘catalogue recor or his book is avalale am he Bish Libary. Satin ai Ail by AtaBASICS ‘hunts E g Drawings Paper formats, 4 Teennca aravings 5 Layout of aravings 6 ‘Senetudion eawnas 7 Construcon erawing bole 3 vise suppiy ana cainage stoi, 2 Electrica inetalaton symbols ‘4 ‘Sesurtystaaion symbols "7 {Gas italien syrbols “8 ‘awingoy nand A CComputer-aiced drawing 20 Accessible Building Dimensinns fo wheslchar users a ‘Aczessile puoi bulngs 22 ezesunle hosting 2 Dimensional Basis and Manas measire ani purpose 8 Body measurements and space requrements 28 Dimensins inbuilang 34 ‘Buding Biology Batic 36 Ream cima 7 Electoragneic felts 38 Visual Perception Perception ofcclour a DESIGN PROCESS Design Wat is design “2 Questionna 4 ‘Sustainable Builaing Genera, design, constucion “6 ‘Spetati, demoiir a Facility Management Background @ Returbishment Conservation and ateratin 0 (ae of histor monuments 51 Listed bung protection 2 Recording of bulings. 53 Converson a Design and constuction Management Publ balding and planning aw 56 Private tig aw, VOB. HOAL 7 ‘Werk pases 5a Measures of tutti use 3 Constante as Contents BUILDING COMPONENTS Feundtions Bling excavations 6 Feundatons 6 Tanking, basement arsnage mt alls "tural stone maseney m Bek ard black masonry % CCampontecensructon *% Repair 78 Floor labs Sab constuction 8 Returishment at Cancrete repair 82 Fhove 3 Feet shapes 8 Penedroots| 86 Fi roo' 3 sundaws Deane Ps Fequrements 3 Design ypes. ea ‘Terma msuition 8 Seund nsulaton 108 (Geanng buiaings 301 Lor winsows: 102 Shyighsandidome roenghts 108 Besies 108 Insulate alzing 408 Securty and noise conta glass 107 Optical varie gaz 108 Cast gles 108 Protea glass 108 Gass Backs 110 Fre protection giaaing an curtains, 2 Doors ‘srongement 413 Consttonal dete wt Special doors He Garageindustia coors 6 Secu oFbulings ane grounds He stirs Principles 120 atone 123 Ccensinztion 12 Ramps, sia stairs 12 Access and escape lasers 128 Escalators Moving Walkways. Fer shops ant ofess aa Panels 128 Contre equinment 438 Peeanger i for esidential kuldngs 130 vilPassengers fo offs, hol, tanks 131 ‘small gooae its 1 Hydra tis 1 Spectatins 138 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Bases Design basis. 18 Howson psy 138 Mousa Density Parameter 1s Layout of bulings 129 Access Detached ana teraced development 139 fantacrsae ee nnn Stopped nouses 14 Vertical access 12 Houses. 13 oom ocess 448 hens 148 Livingareas. 188 Bathrooms 10 Subsiciary om 12 (arages and carors 168 ACCOMMODATION Student Residences General design notes ser Elderly People's Accommodation Relrenent fale 168 Examples 170 Hotels Basics m fe 2 Examples 173 catering Diners, ening 75 Restaurant chen 18 Examples o' large kitchens 168 Youth Hostels General deg owes ee olidaynWeekend Cabins General deagn note 105 Motels (Geneal design notes 16 (General design notes ser EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Children’ Dayeare Rooms, outdoor eas 168 vi Playgrounds Playgrunc equipment 120 Schools General eessroems a1 Seal daesreoms ia Information an eommanal area 195 Saniay facie, break anccrevation ates 198 Arrangement of dassteoms, clusters. 195 Exarpies 197 Universities and Colleges Lecture theatves 198 texas ot eee thaates m0 ‘Seatng and projection mm Laboratories a CULTURAL VENUES. ‘Museums and Art Galeries Genea ar Display rooms Ey Theatres Histoncal view me Typobey 210 attri a Seating 212 Stage m3 Subsdaryooms as \Werkshopsand sa rcoms 218 Rehearsal ad public ooms a7 Modernisaton ard extension 2a ‘concert Halls (hats, vanancs 219 Tacinical equtemenis sian, euch 220 Acoustics zai Cinemas Projection 22 Atoriom ma Wulilex chen 2a Mutilex chemas, examples 25 Drivedn cinemas 26 news Satierary a Zane fase Keeprg arimals 20 eloaures 230 ADMINISTRATION AND OFFICES Stucures Ey Typobey unt 1880, 2 ypabay snee 1380, me Space cequtement 2 Buin sewiees 2 Consiicten 2Sight Butangs paratona aes ws ome. ea Slate a or nacre = ee 3 branes acres aa ses oo bas 257 Stopy andvate dopo ae (ngs Tacha Bu 310 ‘Space requirement 00 250 men Suenifelraies zt aa 25! spor anp Leisuge toe sedi ee espero Gee RETAIL sorts Facies Sa ae Foyer 20 Lessa Afletics. 323 Caannes an yponies asa Ai me Riva a es a ner ame copes Nate go me Chee andwasngsnee zor Silene 1 oars aes gal 258 ater saort, rowing and canoeng 339 Rainn ese zo Hater. sa inge’monoos eo Eclsians a Senerice slope feo eins 2a Syed or harg skacboodn ed INDUSTRY AND TRADE Seema acne ag Industry Sota anges ae Bases 209 spore a Setcceiictig jr Soria aso Harcy isa balngs ae Dee oe = Trenoen 257 Eeupment = fecloning feo an = Sieey reo 270 Esompts 3 Sane a os = etahope ‘ee = son a Menta Se Metawork 27g Backless soothes oe Seinen 7 ee pin se Notas pt Zo Batwa 37 Nene Fo Cann nds ie Cow 2 Sinorgtat seo Fire station 23 BeMinnaly ee swmmng Foo inter eng ols ae Sucre er Tawar pols see Fanishig, vesty ‘35 PiNate ovo am beltover 287 soe Stinaalcxunevetres a Synagoqies Sota nots 280 Amusomant arco Nene fnusenentweaaes a (oe dei ols 20 TeaNsPoRT HEALTH nas Doctors Practices (Seeebaeass __________________st Sign an gy tos ao peeves ar Howitt Tate ce a (ere odlr oid 2e1 rar ads oe Bung en eo inerancone set Eure ot Fuopams an yc wae ez Corton, 08a, fs Ze boyentatictage ae ixTratfecaimng 388 htse protection 305 Parkiog Facilities Vehicles ser Nehites turing 380 Parking spaces 360 ut-storey carparks 382 amps. 383 utestorey ca path equations 308 Parkrg sysiome 385 Vehicles — toe 67 “rks = patking and ning 398 Serves areas 369 Petrol satons| 0 carwash 402 Public Transport Soot galone fue stone Raitways Tracks 408 Typed Ceningnil European shui {auges and clearances. 410 Uk stucture~ gauges and charancee an Freight Trarspor 413 Frogh anspor 313 stations 44 Staton Dulin’ a5 Patfome 416 Aviation Bact 418 ‘pars 48 Runways 40 Terminals aa Terminal and apron a2 setopanes. 43 EXTERNAL WORKS Cemeteries Morgue and crematorium 424 Graves, cemetery chaps! a Cemerries 408 Design aspects and concent 108 Sol 48 arden Enclosures Was ane fences 490 Pergola and Trelis ‘relies 33 Examples of plans pe Paths, Paving, Steps Design aspects 48 Drainage Rasruater management 6 vegetation Pants 4s Blologleal Engineering Supping slopes and wverbanks 0 Greeshoures Ponds ane Poo's Garden pon 2 Natural swining poo 3 ‘Wales plans for natural Svaming pool aa Extemal Works - Example Federal Enconnent Agency as AGRICULTURE FARNYARDS Besics 0 Space requrements a7 Fedde storage ry Bunga erainage 50 CClmate in anima howsing 1 Animal Husbandry Housna poutry “62 Keeprg smal arimais, ee Sheep housing 4 Laying hens es Pig keeping 8 Day taming ‘s) Frnishing bee cate ee Keepng nerses e Supply and Diepoe Loadhg yards “a1 Loading ramps bridges ing platforms 32 Rubbsh chute system = Rabbsh colton rooms aa Emergency power roan es BUILDING SERVICES Renewable Energy Ovaniwe 138 Solarenesgy ‘aT Bioereray 28 CGeottermal eneigy, heat pumps 59 CHP. bockheatig and pow Butang Pnysics Thermal inslaten an Room acoustics 22 Daytight Physealbescs 38 Poston ofthe sin 29 Irsoltion ‘so Shadow 23 Rathaton energy 4 ‘Wand bgting 35 Rootghting a7 ‘ually enters 33 Diecing sung ‘2s Sun shading ‘50 Lighting til hosting = Lams 2 Types opting a5, igang not 26 uaiy enter 7 Imam 508Fuorescent bes soe ‘erpiace Gugeine ‘Arica’ ining exeere) 31e Fire Protection Basics s si Catsfcation 512 Fire conparirent wale 313 Bulding comoonents sta urecsian gaan 58 Frr-rostant door sete 317 Fire ighingistaatons 518 Soke and heat extactor eyes 519 Spinker systems. 320 or exingishng systems 521 Domeste installation Onlnage see estate 528 Heating, 532 ‘Shall sewage weabrent plans 336 Chimneys and Veatitation Stats Chimneys sa (Open replaces 536 Vertiaton shat 550 {BS and DIN Standards 56 Conversion of Unts i sa = x‘Ths handbook developed tom the nates made fb my loctues at the Bautochschuie n Wear They derive rom measurements, ‘experience ard uncerstaring gained rom practce and research Infre nunan sphere, necessary fr the designe! bulldngs, bul. als keeping sy eye opentor new opportunies snd demanes, ‘onthe one nan we sane on the shoulders of ou forebears ut conte afer, everyting Is ls and we are chren of ote vith ‘ur gazetovaide te tue, though the outbok of each india ISeRen eferen. Tk rests tom difereneee in efucaton ard train, he ntuencs ofthe envtonment, person precspostion And the elevat eegree olitetally atven set-sevlopment ‘wnetnertne tie epinion of today is absauely core romaine to be seen, hone! beciuse is oi val a the tine of {oration Experience shee thal aa udgement develops ‘it tine than possible mmvetiatel nce We donot have the ‘ecessaydetienment fr breath of sion. This makes ear ‘ira exertions ed tobe imposed on eachrg to revert petes,lteacingemars subjective ane oetermned By ts {ine and envionment despite al eferts to achieve thane ‘bjt andah inentiors to ctealy examine cur favourite ‘phions The danger af heresy ean be avaded ithe teaching ‘ts makes xa hat 18 no an en prose Dural series, Sands eabeeto,alltha sil Upecming and unteeing ‘Ths wilthen provide fr eur students the sttude meant by Netzsche when he sal, Chly ose who change thenseives remain associated th ne ‘The essential eat of auch teaching of contnanus poste, ‘no canned wid but ther ony balding backs, components ‘Srcomersrequringte ation of combination, conatcton ‘ompastion and hamany Confucius putt tke this more than 2600 years ago’ ive my ‘hemseles! Bom atehteds, ortho wha yearnto bul, wi sep ther ear andayee dosed when a aout to a tak le prescribed. because bormarchiects ae MU ofthe eas a “lai, and ony need the slam nordeto set to work and ‘make someting of hem! “These wna have found fath n hernslves, an inight to conti, he play of free, matoale calvr, aimaneion, ‘ino can absoth ie realty and ne appearance cfa bung fate onthe enly tue path the great satisticonaferes by fetve cabo This view of ie shoul ely ther on teir way. Preface should brats then fom al eachings. nent comes down to ‘even fom this one, ancleathemte thou creave wrk, should prov intl assstance. run everyone mist buld for thameeves, ‘The arcitectural ems of our tne ae the resi ofthe same process, hich ourpradecesstre urderventin tet produce ther ependidtemples,cahedals ard palaces. They nae no mods otter than ther own imaginatis ad intentions Ideas and coals, with wich thoy seared fo asians. The cemmissionfrmulated along hese lines was enough to even ‘cept, whieh lok eo for in ire wh the tanta ossbities othe me and local cordtiors, ang only bore + Fenele smilatytowhal nad gone before. These nee bulngs ‘cauld be tecmicall muca beter an delver more because of Improvemeatin the stato of technology. They could, mowover, alo be comparedattisizaly simlar stuctures onthe past tne compare an industral busing af fey — ight, reomy. th {geod dimensions and slimmer ightveigh constuciion~ ina factory om te 18h century o: a werkt ofthe 15th ceiury thon te advantages a ou moser bullrgs wil be apparent ‘ven tothe mast binkered conenraioni. Thismears ta, ‘whenever construcion pecs serve a genuine requrement of ‘our time, work canbe expected frm energeic contemporary archtecis tha vl bat ampatson 0, oF aven overstado, the best fod baling, {ively mindes unrest shou ofr pratt a view of ou time ‘and &eok toe Mure, glaneng back ony (oe extent at Isadisiole er unavicatie, This asthe advice of ane othe grates of our protssin, rez Sehumacie, when fe War%ee 8 young Stade inns arcntecurelectres aga! geting oe lost i at nist fesves whe reseacning Ie pat elng Wed adiay bya doctorate ino learrod bywayscouldbe althe cost of the eneigy reyes to mest he more varied requirements ofthe potesson Incontrast to this, fs beter jst to Hand suderts the elements hove atempled lo ede the burg blocks of design fo he Initation tat and force students produce fm and eartent tro win thomeaves. Tei various design ees wl be ‘eardinated enjvay to acerteh extent by curentfasion, nat ldosyneatic bang ef emmuty whieh earacaroes mankind's Jont eferte ata paca tme and fads @duratle and viekle Soprecton incontarporay ale xiiUnite of mezeurement ie building The intematiral sytem of moasuroment win S unit has been valence 1 vanvary 1978 a TY oy at erste UNITS 1 Unitsrow pater DRAWINGS. Construction Orange Dimensioning conssts o: dimansen figie, dnansen ine, ecenscn Ine, imension anon —» @. Dimension. fgures’ 9 normaly loestad anove the evant continuous ‘dimension ne sa the they canbe ead from bale or om he ght wen te +0. shawn a6 sol sted paral the engi berg dimensioned Extension. ‘nea: cimenson whit canet be own cacy onthe aon 5 be e6g0 of an sea, so eocsted ‘ute wih te ad of extension Ines “Trase ae gencallyatight ances othe imersica ne znd ower Is past it H | a Pa 4 ae é—— eee — fre [at Tella i se ¢ # © crnscn tn cosans ese so mcm useStoves with ful type aBBdoorol 1"© remem sainssaiee RCT el ' oar (ei Osage rete Hao these oceans ACCESSIBLE BUILDING Pocensble Housing Movement srees which must bet sin. 1.50 m wide and rin, 1.50 m doen. {turing place every room (xcenting smalreoms,wtich the whoo usor can use by moving backwards ane forwards). tho shower» @+ Q.in fost of he WC and vaniy unt @-@. 0 ancutsdo seatng re, n tort of it shat doos, at he star and Ghd ofa ramp andin hort of th nthe af raboisn chute rin 1.60 m deep. Intron of thelang side at a wheelchair woes bed > ©, n konto upbowds, front hilehenvtalons-» ® -@, ror ol he fceess aide of 2 bath ~» @ + O. i ontof a wheels parking Pee and infant ef the ong ade ola vehicle» @, sin, 1.50 m wide betwecs wale oui the house, noxt to sts ging up ard evr, wherethe ead ofthe unpermast stp isnot Tobe cluded inthe movement a9, rin. 1.20 m wide Bong fustue which the wheelehsr user approactes ray the ‘ie, along the aecose se ola norwherlehai users bes —» ®, between walls wih the eeling, nxt te operated equipment p.22@, between wheel erbs samp». 22 @ and onvoutes Accessibility without steps Alreoms beanging to adiellng ae the communal cites of house must athe be wihout slaps, cr have a If p 22 Q, orbs accessible win a ramp - p. 22 © Door stops.and tresholds et the ettom ofdaor should be worded, but tabecutly neceeeayy ‘may noe hgher than 2 em, Wheelchair parking place AA vwhelchat patkeg place is tot incuded in the desgn for och whoolehair user, asfralyleatce n the entrance 38 fer treneering fom srect fo incaor wneslchar Space requeemart ard movemant area — p22 ©. Bathroom ‘The Batroon is 10 be provdod with s wheslchar accsssols tower, Theater nstaaton of bath chouls be posse nest the shower, Tie movement teat the right orl othe WE mus be al east 95 em side and 7Dem deep, From ana sie of he WC towards tho nal, oF trnture, there must Ho « ettanee ot min 0em + @-@. ho batwoom dooss may open weeds, Kitchen “re man fans of equppment rams ko tr omngratr, stove and Site, plus the worltap, ae 19 Be aranges as closa as possible foscen othr f must be posable fra wheicna te pass uncer the snk ane worktop without imitation. For the sink ths mat that emer a waste ting Detine the peter ora fat ting on the surace is necessary. Shel space must be accessible forthe wheal user and no all uns shuld be nuded nthe dig, ‘The horzanta reach are is about & em and te vertial actiy rage 0-140 em, The opium hight a he woncop (epero, 75-90 em) should be cscuted vith the disabled persan and fod ata eight toaut he use > @ + ‘car parkingplace ‘weather protected car parking place ox garageis tobe provided foreach dling, A movement area of r90 m depth shoud be pptided nex tothe long side ofthe car > @. 23DIMENSIONAL BASICS AND RELATIONSHIPS ‘The Universal Standard ‘Men's dimensional relatonships The oldest known canon descrbieg the dinensional relationships ofthe human being was dscovere na tual chambe! among the pyfamids nea: Memphis about 000 sce, Cerainy. since then Scenlist and artis have been engaged in tying “o desiphe: buman proportonalrlatznshia. Weknow abost the proportonal systems ofthe Egyotan pharaohs, cf tne me et Ptolemy, ofthe Ancient Grae and Romans, and the Canen of Potato which ‘was long considered tne standar lus fe werk ofthe dae ‘Ags and of Abert, Leonardo da Visi, Mchelangol and, above fll Dure's wore-tanous advances In at nese systems, ne ruman body Was measured secorang © lengths ct head ace o fos. wich were than ltr sub ied ane rate to a2cn otter so (si thay wee applcaDe I everjcay He Even inte ur ow mes, the foot ard the ell (arm's bgt have remamnec common measues.inpartodar ie deta waked out Oy ‘irer became. common stangec, He stated fom the ght) ot ‘@humnanboingand expressed he sub vr as actions: ‘2 = me ee toeo frum the rot upmards "ih = garg ram ankle to knee, eng om chin to rave oh = foot bnath ‘sh = hoadlongth remhair rating to underside of chin, spacing of ripples ‘Woh = face height and width nlusing ears, hand length to the rit, ‘Woh = face width at level of undid of nese, log with fabove the ake) te, “The sub dvions exten to ish In the last contuy, A. Zelsng achieved grester clarity un aryonen ths suject with his vestigatons ofthe dimensions rosttonshps of man's proportions, He made oxact measurements fra cemparsona based of the golden eeclon > 2. Si Untortunatly, his work dl net ear appropriate rece unl resent, when E. Mes, an mpertantresoarchor hs area, frdorsed Zosing’s wor wih detaled cxammhatiars usng hie retrace reationahips of thegolden ra, wich hecallee ‘Le Modu’ He rasa me tuman Poght = 1.828 m:n! Meght = 1130 7 9p, aré tf som eg st CECE) Oe Sts © Hypersonic styos oe Seca © iicthiiseen eo ®. DIMENSIONAL BASICS AND RELATIONSHIPS Dimensions in Bulg Modular coordination in building ‘Tho mosuiar system fs + means of eoordnatig the mensions Applicable 1 buldng work. The tem “coordiaton le he key Smodlar buiding stardard contin setae of a design ae ‘etaiing sym asses on evoninaton aan ain the design aed onetiston of baling, I gle geomsttca and dimensional Selniens forthe spa coerdinaton of builing components also onables technical aess, vhich depord on each other wth regard te geomety and dmensione ex. bln, electrical terginesting, eancport fe be emected coordinate system i always cbject specie. hfe uted cordnale bulding stustires ang ecompanens, ans detrmine ‘hot poationand ze. From taser deued namind messin ff balling eompanente, pls oi and canseeton thicknesses SO - ©. Acoowinale system consiets of planes arranged st ght anges io each otter, spaced according to the cowie Imaasuramons. Dependng

®. Acoorcnate system c= be sub-divided into varous eub-eystoms for diferent groups Df buiding sloments tog. load bearing stuctires, space ‘damaeating components etc). Itnas bacome apparent that sat alindvdual components hav tebe medula f.. each step is staiease, windows, coors, ), but only the bulerg elomerts they are comtirod io (og Sturcases, "acade or partion ements ete, > @. Fer nor ‘madulr buiing components which eantin alarg or across tha whole oulcing, 2 ron-modular zone cen be intosucee, Uihieh comltaly divides the csordinate system n> 60 Sub-systems. The precanlton is thatthe saz of the buling Component n the nan-medular zone ie aleady known atthe modular zone can only nave complotey sposifad dimensions BPO. Furer nays ot arranging nonemaciar uiing componente ara tha 2o-clledcanal positon and edge postion inmodvlar zones > @. The unes of the medubr system ae the Basie modula M = 10 mm and the multmodue 3 Mf = 500 mm, 6 = 620 mn tnd TEM 1200'mm, Ther ae also atindardeed non-mroduer Stpplonentayy dimansiens |= 25 mm, $0 mm and 75 mm fer iting eomerts er overipping comectons —» @, Combnann ‘les can be use of buling components of varios sis ' mods coordinate system, umber groups (29. Pynagors’ er tctoncaton (3. covtinued fractions) can be used to Mi nen-recangusr buldg components into s molar caoranate > @ The sonstucien polygon taverses (eq. tangle, squte, pantagen and ther hake) san be usa digi scale eure! ouing srctireeVISUAL PERCEPTION The Eye e*4 39DESIGN Phnas of Retrence Twolosy The typologeal stu of 8 buldeg gous out of the function and. alse fo 3 pesen onstuction and few planning onan? Sustion. tls thee-damersional oat a nd thaetore to be understand ‘Stree =| (3 ‘88. spatial theme. Semen Oem Seucue” @reccece rece ince, On, Oe einen) aR) Sbormtatiats “oemcicres, Sete RR as oe Sees, LENS aug loon oe a— ee buiding and devel fram the 8 town planning 0° lancscape fete statement. Th start hs a najer fence on the aunty of te public space ‘Architecturaeloments t a L) See Bedeatgnca m xaoping th the M1 grerat appasance and falon O cau Om Om design pencils jet ae much Tc ttn rau Test cea pice Teprmasiecenieeim gg tecnica requomerta and cvepciayimpa saa one igupameasicamrmacecos umiyemerte Fagades/opmnings > @ - @ A epering slements fam a graphical stuctute on te ou face of the wall A mature and tual prncipes car tas to =n : ar a of — Plastic ctoments —> @ - @ Functional components He O toacaee © oresingsennetee bbstonies and logge, bat alan ee ri ten Simaovonandomnnase tim eBiumne, form tree-simer baa the wal surface. The formation [ Ssaface should not mtr ih } Root + @ The clone of the roo! makes the bulking 3 hig. context and arcisetural a concep aro doce fr the © vores maces O con ® rseone section of atype of 0 © vo O wren @ wo reopen . 43‘sane nna © oeresrotespaicccrang [using (aang sang [Arconatining [none anece | iy Siew ns” ee ‘SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ‘Operation, Denton any ctor aro decisis for stinabiy of arti: ="elaonehis ote design othe lection an ihe baling = Fontempowy and agin! eppeaance ofthe desin = casi usabie ang eetve stuctres = dren of consvueton and maaits = suai ane ageing characterises ofthe raters used = ext er changes of use = possbity af conversion required ‘Tho intensive use af raw materials and energy inthe erection of bulings is normaly cornected with along pets of usetuness ‘This phase othelis cycle ofa ouidig ie treofere very sigefica. A signiicant part of the use of energy and raw materials takes pace tng the vso of the buldhg through the operation ef tezmica devices and instalatons. New buicings should abays be designed in accordance vn the curent stat o tecrnology ard exsing Suings should bo regulary checked to investiga \whother any vadatng (hermalinsustion,bulelg sericesste) = Pessileor necessary in oderio ensure energy-saving operat. Fradeitan tothe arabiy anclongit ofthe servees metalation, rmocharisms ané methods of saving resources should be the highest prot. zal, eyes snoua Be Sot up Ye enable te reuse ol wale and energy, Tho sie ae heath anathernal contort n he use phase = ininisaten ofthe energy, operating and maintenance cost, redeconef cleantgcost (pata sel-cearing ‘09, agades,rootsete) = mininisaten of he seiviing and maintenance 603. Palos and epuaticns ~ Energy Saving Regustions (ENE) = SIA eur ciecireal Erergyin Bung: Sues Engheere and Archteets Assocation Ressmnendations Bulking automation’ dtandarés Heatng astemsreguations (lek) YQ ii bere © recrctencteetmmte cme cea ar(© ence conecten ces he unl enn conton a © ersccvn toc ones Cost eximats ‘The cost estate is or the approximate doterinaton of conatrution eaets inched in wore phase 2 (preliminary sign) tis based an: {reels ofthe preliminary design (necessary ae 9 sete, 2 caleuabon af ne quanibes ef elrence units the cost soups 3, xplanatior anabulding descrinton 4. deli of po, uty supply and access. ‘The cos eetimato should cortan fhe total costs according to cost groups ath Ist lve of cast breaown and ths has 3 least Seren fume ef cos! data. The raqured desertion snoulé Cconespend tothe sate ol information of re preiminary eign Cost eaculaton The cow calculation is dened as ‘approximate doierination of he eanstrcton costs I is pal of work phase 3 proiminary ‘esign). Ihe basis forthe cost alculon are! 1. complete design dravings and fappropate, deals 2 Galeuaon of he quanties ef feletence units the cost sours {. Jecerpionsreevant the cateutton, ‘The costealealionshould deter De ta exes scaring te com groups down fone nev! of est breakeown ana eon 40indivsual tome of cos ata ‘The bulking éexcrpton shoul conespond tothe Meera fale of formation ofthe prolminay esi, (Gramings and tox ros Mecdormann, sighly aberovatd —> rel DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Cconsiuction Costs Intuence ovor the bulking costs roduces very rpidly cura the ceuse of deagn and constuction. The pares invoved the preparation of the project have the areatestinfuenca aver tha bulging costs, boeauso decisions are mado at ths tims about te sk, voume te. ofthe project. In the futher cours of condructin, costs can be influenced only to 2 decteasing {egr00. Th fow of money bckavesthe ofr way arcune: tis tl ‘ay ral inthe preparation phase and nereases stops > @. Eficien: cost contol shoud tneetore aways attempt te apply tho Bales during he work phases ofa projet cortel as part cf work planning (material seoctin, ote} etmaty has by way et Contast ne roticeabe siccoss, HOA requirements HOAI oblgesthe architect to produce fou determinations of cost, uring he course ol desnn and constucton:cesteatimats, cost caleulaon, cost forecast, final cost statoment). These cost Getermnatiors arebasicservices pp. Sovb2. They ar reparded ac atic sorices with aspecal waghtng,Le.nogecting a cost, Getermnation canhave dre legal consoauences int case of 3 depute. sic rules of cost determination ‘This lassie the bulaing cose nto seven cost groups ae tho (cost levels > @.Eacncostdotormnation must o6 sTUCRES H the same way and oon of coined building books: 4. Statemonts about the cost inal cost groupe 2. Building description Details of VAT 6. Reference'o the relevant design work Cost trecast ‘out ing pace n work pase" oobi onan, 1 compl constectoncavings, eta, te 3 cleats of uate orterenc ints inte cost poops Sdn ersten wth exanatons ef contraston iting o ender, svar end ebsecy ecrved oe ths has partculrsignficance, The eos forecast should lod Bf cot breatdown and contin 218 individual cost dal, The to tho tatoo design and ine the tight dogon of tat in th curse ofthe desgh work. The purpose ofthe cost forecast et Produce & document beore tho sit of consietion based on deulatone, because Dis Is the ony pesibily of cost canta tv conection Final cost statement The loa cost statement serves to reed the aca cots acerved for purposes of comparsan and ceumantatin. Tho tina cost Ia based ont, checked invotes, 2, remagsurrnent quanties, 5. expinalion. Inthe fra cost stoemer, the otal costs shout beclaslied downto the 2nd ve of cox brentdovin, 65 oteFOUNDATIONS Repar Most bung defarts are caused by dam Rng damp torn the (gound san be caused by mnisang or detectvo up rooting aver, the feuncations or ela. missing & sited dianage or defective btwees ground ara wal rn When # ropst is undataken, it dso necessary te investigate eraged Hazon! demnp courses are faborous to realace, O raintemaicins TR trae wor need tobe caved cat very carey ecm 11 [tan seracee the capllary transport of maitre must be ntomupied. Euling fapance, car be costes Teaulng ftom evaporation can bs sbsorbed fer a lng time, att the durity af auch eomodal plaster ia sil Soneiderablyshoter than poster on a dy euctrate © rerrena stasis @ ines enotom te ae oa trent: nrteiirternbttere: ener eel ell erate 73WALLS fick ang Back Massy Lead-bearing walls Walls mich have te bearmorethan te s-eght en ane story scaled loa beeing wal Bracing walls rn Mason ean be secured by bracing wats and slats below are hove (hvae dmersina cel principe. racing wals ae tuldng | My n fog. mie lass © Foetvniwensrmess fr comaren Non-load-bearing walle ra alls which ste ony loaded bythe set olght and ae net used for bracng againet buckling sts caled non loac boating, Cutouts and chases can ether bo chased out echnical tr formed im bond by the brekloyer. The dota ean toque = es 8 Perimeter ie B : * —frenfaced eoncrte end constructed fogster ith columns = 2 land massive lor slabs. A spied vasfcation procedure c= © coemete ne xpi be usoe under corain crcumstances for the cosign of masony "Sm asm oto em eel “~ SS “A \ 4 © ren cation ior srry tesco @ eraser nee © Aer sc wn ton 7sys © reser ion aranine © verconnsemarnnsonsinn @ ouverpriraione, 88 weraximsacer Qk sy ne © cemrteantaronin ROOFS Pched Reafs Roof coverings Reed thatching + Q: 12-1.4 m leng, en batens, sparing 20-90 eM, fasd with ends uowatde a a thickness of =28 om ibate 3540 cmy. Lieime is sunry istics ED-/O years hal nat in wat dist, Wood shingle reof > @: of ook, beech ach neo, snusualy spnice. The etme o! wooden Shingles degands onthe quilt nd veatment ofthe mater, th intensity of preciption and the ptch ofthe rot Rule ofthur: dagoes of ool saps years sf ile. Yooten shingles are sutatl or covating al srtsof ‘uot Slate» @ - © at ptshes of 15-00" en =24 men thik Roaring ‘of 12 om wide planks, Ganded roofing fet (200 gauge} protests against dust and wind Lep =8em foster 10cm. Various Types of sting ae used fr roof and nal exverirg in Dormers: ‘exclisive’, ld Garman and "i, a well 3 dacoratve slang! imosty template slates auch ae shingle, she angl, fh eco sctagonal tc} Reasonably priced satng types: cectanguar snd extved-cut tompate. Tami slang i also cute I steGLASS Nee ex OPTICALLY VARIABLE OLA89 ~ Doubiojased ite whos rasmistion properties can bo 7 Akered are difeentizea ito svitening ard svvtchable uns Pema Switesing ante are candoned during production so that hey react autenaicaly 1 ceran infuoness (og. thermctropi unt). @ tigeronen a zy mw by chang ihe gi yer tnbetean te pas by suse enmne soohing avotage suet, © Seta ape eet sTieimioeopie ons SAREE) Lint seen main wena eet tas eae These composi unts react with aterations of temperature cere by chang ta char (rarer o opaque se cca wn a nase of to corpses Sh cert tet ‘stacion propia, wth algn tar suctees ety eta Socieg © terse sing te tocton othe yer The Seclae aeration is reversible 1 Electochromatic unite | tne rancmitace of hese unite can be ateed by appt & valage foe restive layer For itemaluse, hs car be aehoved fle futon reiaby oly between 40°C and +40°0). Other "Syston make use of he propery of seme materia to ater or it) Se ‘sual tranamttance ard cobraten wt tho absrgton er release a ons (by appiyng avotagn, rece untssresutane for extoral — i GAGE ans. cast Lass ropes q FH FH Sect Sts Ciestsuclny Cartbece useor | apptietions where obscure glass recuied (bathroom. WC) and 35 a design clemont, manera glass fo avaabie a whit ana Gg a a Uintec rv we glass, and whe and tinted orramertal wed ‘xcept when usedin ovarnead lang, tlase, laminated safety lees ed treraly Ineted Garis Units The stueturo is normally faced tothe outsde in order to @ scree Dawe ceorerene new # proper edge jot! the goes ony ligtly stvetwrd, tho stricture sido an be faced inwarse in ord le simpy lintetcases the float lass, toughened gass or lmninatd safety Fa in ‘Most cast glasses can bo futher processed to make toughened apace assets 7 mie | ‘The cimensions of doors correspond to the dimensions of matal Seamnwmear ties ti] pent ont caer eset comply with the structural requiemerts, Stuctured cast gle nd rintate toughened fat glass pares are avaiable, Pritable laminated safety gis panes can also be supoleg the composts “Sooty ce eons _| sell ented}, Sushi | isha | fens tar_| Whole glass door elements consist of ne or more oss oars. fe) sivfot)est-esr |] Meade elements andthe ang Furr posabiss se skin foczoa | Shee toca | folding, sogmerted arch, a ound arch door elements, Vavous Zora | seam | yoo-am | tts and gase stickies we avaliable, and sanead Spell cee sere sree BY ss 408| oO Sree 2a) (i oom ; Radar damping Radar fection damping ie a requvremnt of Gorman Ae Trafic Contr! (DFS). appiving fo the fagades ofall iarge bugs ‘Ne vicinty of avparts. Te purgose ist suppress the efecto ff radar sionals, hich ean oceur fom ‘ange fagade races, because these rected sigrats can load to also information the rar eceene of a” tafe contol and thus endanger ait tate Special comings can bo used to achieve hig damping through sbsorsion and phase delayed overayng fntortewce) of te fader sigal iting ane eingreoted fom tre msuates gia Because ol tho particular ‘equtamens for insulted gszrg, Ihe ghss stuctwe mist be speciesly called for every ppleton. Light and energy values sro dotormiad in each aoe ey the Gass structure, The lee! 9 ada” damping tequied opens on many factrs, nding th za ofthe baling ants ‘istane rom an ont fot racer agape, ‘radar ropors genera to be commissioned foreach pulang roman acemeited nate inordertadetrmine a quid Rat ‘ampng, The lace manutacurer develop a laze srucure and ths fsthon discussed wit tw natu, A othr fagade srt ave be hwesipated ors report ae wel in oroer 0 ake be recestary messes nfo account or constuction 112 GLASS cua Watling ‘Reols tagade i 8 angle ska eutain valing constuction wth 8 ventated eat at the rear, with appx. dD em. ane single- oF double gazed externa cadng panes, Suffer’ and convled hat dissipation must be quarantsed. The lagade panels can be sed al reund, on tuo sicas ar st points socording 10 official Standards and gudelins, Technical apyroval sreqaed fr paves fed at pots ra spscil-seae approval hes tobe pple fr The lugade pansls can be fly colourcoated en the back or partly printed by the seresn-prnting recess, Special comings be frm the vareds manuiaclureren arr to achave ole matzhing with slar cont glass. Sanples are necessary to ensures comect cobur mateh. Al ble edges must be fey sound ane poliehed ane nowvisnle ecges must ba gro. Warm fagade without ventilation at rear ‘ne warm ‘2gaco can consst of past ang ral cunain waling or storey-eight curtain waling clemnts In bath case, the non- transparent parts or parapets eve a gles panel, Te eoratrurion af the external pane! ean bo, fer examle, an axtemal fagage panel win the nacossay Herma insilauon behind i, Bickhas in accordatce wth EFEV, and an intama) lear which sled gait cision of wazer vapout2.g, duminum sheet ied forms cae be consiuctes, an adatona! glass layer f fet font ofthe iam eurtain wall n order ta ctesto @t¥2- SIemersiondl appeerance (os belo. fe pel rain the ayer that crane water then tis ala ware aged, Flush lass curtain wall Sppewene Afsutce goss mpennes spambots Technet prov cr sped casaappna The sitar seing Techie! Rye Now 270. 1-70) tat posses gonmal In-Gomany al faador over min height must have an eetenal mactanica fang ofthe pares. Al insulated glezrg must have 2 F fresesisan glazing has ony ited practicality for extemal tno, Roeauze the foaming fo-potactin ajar cannot be hosted over 50-60". This i only possible to guarantee for f Sujet tinct sunshina tafectve sin shading we preed ane guarentee, Sun soreens Sun sorcer are normally used 2s adional axtoral transparent sun shading layers. They const of metalic. oxie-costed toughen alas panes When nealing sn serenns, thr oaing shoul alvays be onthe vewher se, Sun eceans can, sccorcing lo offi standards end euideiros, bs Fixed all roune. on Ho Sides ora points. Tecnica approvals required for panels red a ponts, era scecial-saseaparova most be apoied forSeto waa Sl @ Seerseremngsnsird ee © Fesen ri Doors Garagelndustial Dears Up and over doors > @ can be used for gwages and simlar with 3 spring counterbalance oF may be single skir, couble akin, edi, parialy glazed, fly glazed, constructed of wood, plastic, lagest drve‘though cinensions ‘ite is eppror. 10 m*. Istallaion segmental sich. Operation is 9 ars door falcing ©, sectional deore 10, tlescovie ling doors ~ @ ard toler deors + @ made of luminiam, pus lage shgle and Imi-sken doers for ose in industrial bbldings, transport and werkshecs: ‘max, 18m wide ana m hah. Doors can be operated by: pull switches, ght Beams. nelucion rile remote sont eoract eds There ar ‘apié open Jugh doors, flxole FU oor ~@, wt siglo: waar lard impact-esistom clear PYC: XG oo ud ae tp cuin > (©. Single and dousle panel T30- “w fradeors-> @ ane sing to. ptccten doors > ® canbe tod Movable fie eitant il clsires uch as siding, tting of Ringed _ Srors mut ction independent ofthe oct tnd ee automatically nthe eaca of fro FFscherRogel mechani LIU aia ® Poesetwseaion asians spegeagLIFTS Priniles For al buidings, its should rermaly be postoned at the furce of tie flow. Provoe Sufcrent space for wating ane queuing Sp. 12D whch rust rot invnge on sais. Carly Flan the eoreectin too wae foutes, Thee are two difeent {00 systms for Its: 1 Traction sheave dive (or reeset omar Tagen see 2 Hyerauicits + © -@ “Traction te: ely Pave their — ives above the shel, The ase tmp weight of he ear and halt eles the ive lone are bates by he barrens counterweight. Placing the crive Ee H tho top erat the batom rast ta the shat males soceseary dibenal puleys, resuieg. Higher opeating coss. The rrachiery ana cont. sys fan te. accommodated in feparste michineroomor, nthe intr nee tac tao of ite without @ machine = fpom. paced in the shaft + ph ith rydrautc. fits, a push fylnder fs mostly used +O ©. Tro iting eyinder can bo ranged drecty oF eect The rangement of a dieet tbe under tho grourd 2 no Iomgor stable becavee of the Faquiements for Ino grotecton anger alesse Parra icsmtpem —— pull'eyinger » @ B-0 can be iesecdl Sone ae Srsstiomi= —Spproprate jn’ cero eneve. A Fall eyindor ints baele fem tans « part of the weight the car The has even more PD siti e: Pe pees | Sezomaeens = (S| 22 © mye waren Tah 128LIFTS ‘Small Gross Lis Small gnosis ae eae dus waite): payload =300 hg: car transporting baht goods, documents, ‘ood st. ot forse hy pareano The shaft framewer ie nomaly Shalt pit orom the flosy ane clad on I sces by nan farmat buena mmatorats. © - @. Caledlaton ot tho transport capacity of goods its 0. Tre folowing fem s used 10 estimate the timo, n soconds of lone transport eye Teaebeiteetd =e satgnesimumn tear smatznminwmnsice — @) Sratazeonm en 2— constant factr for ound ip inal inet tronic cece dnr I= hoight of the fit, ¥ = operating ae pond fi], Ly = leading ane east =e Unleading Ime 6), H = number of Sw soxewatm Wee [ata 5 ‘sn Sot |so0 f= time for acceleration anc ‘oo Se ‘9 tan Sen 90 Aecelaration fcrechofuccone Bw] == Po ae tg= to for closhg ard opening tho soo 2B OS He Soors 10's verte siding doors in The anspotaton xpscity can be ciuined fem the time for 908 rraneport cic, T. according tothe oem © eresrsrrene Tema ace Sas oO «0 £2. joumeyatnin Structural requirements: Tho machne.reom must be lockable, Fave eutioant lumiration and be of 8 size te provantszcidens. Ace for the machinery must be 21.8 m hgh. Foae its innosptals it sates walls. External pres-outton cortol trust be. prove fer eating anc despetchieg the lit torrem’ each © casei em aa =oys sopping pont So | am | Zoo (Goods itt re tose intended Si opiate of th Stopping precision ‘Goods ifs without Wave deay + 20- Passenger and goods ite with tavel Speod: 025-0. up to 2.63~.0ms, © srevsaremic teatae me 132“The eck ofa contury Armong the changes in secioty causod by indsstriaisation Since the riddle of the 19th century house bulldna ras Goveleped into cental activity of he construction nausty. Housing shortage and mass poverty becamea decisive politcal fimension which stil continued inte the 20th century due To the Word Wars Se ci The regulation and encouragement of house buiting is taretore an essential aspect of natenal constuction poly. Poltical instruments have bear developed in the form of coottSG® planning lave and balding requatiors > o. 56, ended to oes jm standards to protect pivacy avoid danger and Lave to subeldiee housing conetnuston ands repeatedly rnodifed syetem af fhancia grants and tax exemptions have ‘cetped hausing (property incentives, In consideration of the fumert cversupply at hausng and inrensig demand fhe ark garding ten and quality, the subsidy laws have been mended inrecent yea ‘The essontal subsidy instumorte in Gormany are: tho Law {© Subsidise House Building: the state subsidy for house building, Ind devin in the Law to Subsiise Secla! Housing f 1308/2001. The subsicsing of Fouse Builing Hnelucee the new construction of fae wth subsicieed rents, the new onettection of avine-oecupied housing, the purchase and rolurtishment of exising houses and the purchase ef rigs of eceupancy, (vantathe size detaia of subsidized houses ard apatoaton owa inthe relevant Rousing subsidy regulations — ©. The Soract housing avbeidy gfoup ae houecholde whose ineame oes vot exseed the level spulated inthe laws are equations, ‘ith csabled members. The subsidy is the form of loans at Certfcates ana tre pronsioncf emsap auld land {ii holon proves fr a ied pated subi tom tunoroccoiedfatu and hover. Te tet pou for tie in id down inte lan. On account of tho curt over sino mining hepato! neon rhe ne ten 136 BASICS Heuse-uldng Plcy Housing area regulation The Reguation for the caleuation of the hovsing area’ of 25/7 72003 fa used to workout fhe aren of houses an fats for the parnose ofthe Law to Sues Hove Sucig, Th area of a hoizo of iat cludes the oer aoa af all ooms which belong Bxclusively tothe Reuse of inthe case ofa rsicental heme ho ras intorded forthe slo se oft over = @. The faor ava ofa room fs determined fom the chararce soace af the bulking eemporent ~ @. Tho ear area ts measured inthe raving, Foor ares are calculated aceoring 2» Q, ‘tiene nen ig Fie ete dia “dewsea en tne ep peme ae KW Subsidy Bonk The KAW Subsidy Bank's publi bed with te eaptl provided by the Federal Repute of Germany tnd the sees, The main empleo setts the praviion af avaurabe lane forthe fencouragement of house buiding, The subsices a nthe form ot S bubeidy prograrme ith fixed ane, Curent (autarn 2008} he Following programmes are astive KEW property pogramme forthe building cr purchace of oper occupied howses end ts, Ecolegeal buleing for the censtrastan of passive houses, KAW enerey-sating houses and the stallion of renewable energy heating ystems Housing modernization for the medersation and repar of resident budge. with fmpaaa en thereducton ef enegy eeneumetian for sngle measures itonded fo reduce the energy consumption Solar electiity production te finance photoetaic ystems on residential uiings|ae Sooo eee fae $f | a J 1 i th +tett tht paoeas | EL. So 140 ACCESS Passage Access Deck access means hat the nda! storeys of block of fats wassages, which are connected 0 none e more nteral. rong o fa stancing fixed vertical stuctues (ssa, tts). The fats se ouanised aig the aagsanes anal on tno sides ot on theese (th an mera functan zen), The passages can be anged itera (ternal passage ~ ©) a aleng ar extemal Suiace (external deck») They have faith conaponding dealing) the apoearance of semipuble street ~>. 109. The routs of his Steet det Front aa for inemal peosagee ult) wall tthe fat preduces & tendency 1a ve sided orentation of he fa Ta vai of possibile vith tha access type therefore resus from the layering of rult-storey and mezzanine resicential unis, whi forthe rossibity, by buliing ever te access passages, of double-pec! ving on two sis ofthe fi al | os Intornat passage I? the aceese passage fs sid the bude, ths is called an itera passage block -» . iththe auto, Ing on one level lends to siglo orintatian, fs turoore better lo chide teeldeta unis ever to er tor stores @ fore). Extemal passage Ian xleral passage bulking, the horeontalaceese slong one lang side ef the stueture » @. The open passages net without probleme under the elmatc eonations in Genta Europe, din Sedan isnormaly pret! oplace only subsidiary roams next to theexteral passage + © fa sulale for fate and studs + @. lis belle he resident lint extonde over two or more soreyt > @. If feo lvl ste staggered by jst hall @ storey in height, this produces Iavowable precondilons for tne overlapping of functions tnd stratifction @ (e. The range of possi varatone fs Therelore considerably extended i the reaigentia untae nat tho same width for he entre depth ef the Suldng, but rather verapped ith te neighbouring un Honzantal access to every second storey + @ (b) peenite arable awangemers of lag fesient: UNS on dient lovels combined wth sal unis atthe extance lve. Good Sxteralpeseage zones. Syrmaticalstackitg of maisonettes or to lint the numberof heizantal cess pon,FLOOR PLANS Fats Central eariar pon © ‘re cena condor pln To He clisic oor pln a ate 19 the te acades ard are eapated by the oad bea mia ‘cies an eat epartey Corn nl ese ean a poricol quitocci topes nieofebuling. © ee rt tant an stern ‘There inatual ging 9 aliing eae and, wen te bung © epee unit central cover canbe widenedinto scent hal ‘re cetral cordorsiyletat baccessea etrer miatyorsceways ON through a frat zone. Inthe age of funetonalyneusal ts, the Pa” ental 2orraor pla is S's papular ana tunenenal yp, tt t | Le eeseL ral © rset dunto rm nest Grouped roam flor plan + The idea ofthe grouped oom floorplan develoned atthe start of the 20th cantar and fe based on the separation of areas Inside the apatmet into two team coupe" the ving teasing 00m, kichen and shing aes) and the seeping area (bedrooms. and bathrooms} The characteristic fetus ofthis tye ef grouped room layout Combines the two Bedrooms and the Bathroom ine one spa Ur and is aeparata fram the ving reas by = doot The apa Sseparaton ofthe two room gaups is inended to produce less of space fr sccess. © cersncmn (Central function zone -+ © In bulings of renter copth, the cana ea of the flat san be viendo fom azoneo! subsiiar/space andthe facadescan be Ccampleely used fr iving aees. Saivoons wih artical Ightirg forlt indict tom ofr areas of tha fat), ktchers, evaboaed ard stoage areas ran be placed hee, ard aprroprice passages land spaces cove the connection the outsse roams. Wcdened contral corvider — Asan atomaive to > @ in tee-standing point houses +p. V2 £. tre contra ares of hs ft oon be usatily widened to or a9 lat-purpoce)lving oom as the centre ef the fiat The resulting space serves both as ling veom and access anit inrectiy through the cher bom or dist through appropriate recesses inthe cade (eg. ecessed balconies The al-purpese room is typobgicaly comparable tthe atrium, ard ideaty fens etuncvoralnearalcormusicatn (and py fea. A defiits functional (ue) descrition is, however often | |bee Rooms Keohane Working processes The layout of hlehen shoud enable tone and tine saving ekg In aedento a sstasieanargomens ard wotone p. 149, orking recess ceed wh opposing workigps > bo be used 39 two poops at ha same tna in is samo area the ‘wedge andapplances ae agers aranced + @. r igh eusboarls and shelves should autably nsitined ilatie tothe workin ates and shou! be comforts to rach > @ @. Wiostops placed at he carect height forthe evant act fen mae htchen work considerably easier» ©. Kichens are requonty ssed ateas of ths howe and sheuld be amforabo snd easy to slean » tis. agood doa a set window sila a «sutable hight above the vorktop so that windows c= be opened wehouthavig to Gear the wektop — @. “0. Troarangenent a’ switesos and sechetsana te ational thar pipe should be taken inte acoaunt nthe planing ae 0 ears oe @ Eee tan contePL Rooms Living Areas Live seae ae eseaorsed ito those with shared ooms tea ard ding rooms, ktehne) ainda private eam or on fortwo people (aarents!fedrcom,chidren's room, quest mom. ‘his diferetiton leade to the conventional form lyouty percully in commercial howe buleing But the way ving seas are actully used is much more comple rl vated: Gediooms loday are oten used for wotk, play ad reéaxation ee thus have some af the functions of shard rooms sment worth considering, + @: en indvidual room which can be used for a ible range offunctons, thasan are of appre, 12 m,ineluding mover fora wheelchair ané posse extension onto a pee baeany. ‘badrocms with minimal space of aporoe. 13. fas 2! room or twin edioom) and approx. Bon (angle ram, ‘These would normaly be ald teas of southeast (parents) farother port ef the home, +0: te options ora genetous wn bearoomot 185 mF which could be partioned ter exampe, fe chen 2 they grow up ~+@: smal independent indvcual aes with shower roam ard ‘The conventional Iving room as a shared resent roam ard prestigous ace oftne Reuse for viens lncrensingy developing into a mutt-unetional eammuniestione zane, vhichhas te ser ima needs of esicens, but aso guests aa Warors 197 Pesidentia iRooms attrooms Details and ting out The former standard valid for movement seas n batvooms wee tharann without replacement in 2007. because ft nadeauatey ‘onaldeed the reqaremants cf discbed people, The dimensions {gvan here should ferelere considered as azsolte minimums Because of the high huni) and resuting condensation, the sirlaces must be easy to clea, Wal ard ealing aster snout be abate absorb and raleace encugh moistus. Floor corer Sould be sufiioty slip-resstant. If tore is no launcy roo, ‘he balroam must be designed with spare ane connections fora ‘machine, wastor/dyer ard laundry easket. Inaddlton, the flowing sheuld te included inthe design ef @ erstowe tenants Oxia tn lookable medicine cat | ‘ © rrremmuengacecrwanegmtine 161ROOMS Subsisary Booms CComnmunal storeroome Inada to the stoerooms or sorage epsces: i each ft, fer resdentid buidias in tulding classes 3-5, the eulding regulations require en eaaly accessible (commua) stowroon for prans, pushchairs ard bieeles. Coresponding areas shoul feo be provided in otter rsidertal baloings ard cetached houses, Fer the dasgn of these rooms, i can be assumed ‘hat st least ane vente per cccupant jcludng cle) has to be accommodated. In addon te bieyles, prams and pushes, itis alan necossay to consider mopeds, teres, rae tc +0. Tre ooms soul possble bs located a sto level be eckable ‘icles. The canbe lout a torsoome nid the oul) scsoon fo the entrance) or ae sepunte Bayole sheds > @ - @. 2 sufciant numberof actions icy stands shouldbe priced Inthe open a partewal if the torroamas been stustd inthe cel char Tre slerage space presided for each fot nomaly consis ef fstorsom inside the Yat ~ p. 162, and an addtional space the Mt. Ths is nermall posed asa car computer S20 O,bucansisa be provided expansvat aa parking shed ine gounds, ala stereroome sheud ba cy nd wl verte. ‘Natural igtrg ew be recommended. Aporopratecetang oft index opening can optimise helen eterng > ©. ee 0 vn —— 165i104 HOTELS. Reams Hotel oom accaunt br thelargest share of hotel by sea. The ‘ual of ote reoms &an essenialetterian forthe etaustion of {hotel by a quos. Taiinaly the verd has beento stencrdise ng schematise oor plans snd aranganents > @. Fiodt220—H=220—p.4 In light of the extended signiticance of the hotel room livng, sou a eat goin ac relation work and sleeping room), azhitects nama tema to answor ho aconome and tecnica roquraman’s by raflecing the demand for comet though epatia ivcion. whe stil meeting ns forindviduaty and deatiy @ ~ @ © rine ere eee lot tures, according e DEHOGA excerpt) Inn Associaton DEHOGA) thore are fve cetogoros, cssentaly Aelormins bythe room itn and nto 1 Star (Tourist) sna oom 8 ry, uso ream 12m? frinimam [Near 7S%ofths hod roams. wthoutbathreom) be. ware Seal, vashoasinin tho oom ocopton ae @ sparta area 2 Stars (Sandan) 28 bore. mut ngle mam 12 mv. dbo ‘em Foor 16 (inmum area for 75% ofthe eta rooms, ncucing © ecm ssstnen bathraom and eomden, bathrocm in room for 70% of hotel rooms, est por bed, elaurtlayeson fo 70% ofthe hots rooms) 3 Stars (Comer: a before, but single wom 14 my’. double ‘oom 18 r= {misimu area, soe abox), bathroom in oom (or all ropms nthe hot, tlophone,rocation area with seating for ‘Cup. independent rcopten 4 Stars (Fst Class): as before, bot single 20m 16 mt, double room 22 minimum ara, see above, minansmestveazeh With coffe table lobby wth seting a anes sonics stars (Laxuryl a hotor, but sngloroom 18m, ble room 26: (minimum ze, 90 abova,29% ef the hotel poms sutes fat Issel two}, cach with ay srmehairaola per ted, actenal ‘washbasin in dovblereomsand sot, sdltonal cao aevsion mines, reception iby. eerste nt hcg om trie an nt NECATERING Resteurant Kitchens Hot hitchene,cenespending to ther min functions cooking and roasting ~ contain fining zones and some oral of the faloring fqupment cocker {wo 19 wight tings), neressingly mobile hotplate, extactr haed, water bole, fast-cookng equipment, Stora cooker steamer eatometiestmer and resus code, combination devee,vater kath (bain-mari), baking and roasting ven, roast and gr alts, fying pans, staged rossing even, chip an, salamander ceuiaion machine (a raze goods), sictonave ben, continuous process autortie roaster ane baker Lage 3. adc equine © sunestemeasanven tomatic sppanoas ao std ony in vary lage kishens tongs soe OO sorepas nd vorsngaufices aude laeted atwean apolancsa and at the end ofthe bck, ln edeiten tthe xed arangemantn fe Beck, mobile applances are rereasngly feng sed, whch san be adapted beteto preducin changes and ae easerto ean.» @-@. Colakitchens shauid nave slayostogeallyslannedn paral to crvenne the Pat then and be coment fre nme) sete snd Seon bread oe The egl’ equrent ay reigrtorundeover cabs the cad tab, va eutg and sng machi ead, cok esas 2s meat ches) mung nace scala ctng boas saa ween tabi wh ower cald sabi, tester o slmander, rouse eons ven and suc werkng ana sorage space ~ aa Serveyforrestarantctehene wih counter or aleve, eal sills betwoet the preparation ates ad vie doiag roam. Thee Epanan mie ‘shouldbe aufiint eral apace, «hot cabinet with Rested pistes cet © tener naan Stu hn land acool zone or cou foods, Clackey shelves oF uppet Tags, arseaer ule cortiner In ge businesses, ao basket, plate and soup bow depersor Crockery reture the diference between washing crockery and Scio thar oun aes of he savy = © @.n sein fo pot washing, smal Khare natal also weure dihwasters Under the werKon a on bu alo tunel and tay bach ‘ortopo, cong, sting and pece br Recroney, » @ 0. “cota ne © ‘rcommniomnaiest — @ ovwetenesseiion Sat a sane cana umm mecing eos wd ies, neta For more than 10 employees, a restoreak roor is necessary {wonllace ragulatond t's mmpertant that changing and socal ‘ooms are rear the kitchen to avs staff havng te cross unclean ‘€b.ar changes por hur and privacy Provide eachempleyee with diffrent street and working clothes. Guidelines for tho tot: Vee woe Vip forint QC and wnenbaan 5-8 mand fr the shower nae TEE rate tan fre mae or female employes) washtasn and —{ aM oa appro 58 pert Ventiation and extrection according to YO! qudelne 2052 © sencencnan @ stsesenaueot age ttc od be eapond th mach! 8” sis = = td etacion, Biv the a at sach cater and un tio == See Meena th pena Singh hosba recteuaton. BoQ Isles thonentpeditonton te spplances reo sccounteg.raion Zs Cchsersmertniennaai _ovencantdie tn bee patron CLs a it omer] yrs, soning ay Ae ee nn i=te) 8 SEs ieee, piel @ terme semen feist an GY Meson fmt 180a (eed 184 YOUTH HOSTELS. Ceneral design ates Traditonall, youth Fostols havo ofored reasonably. priced sccormocation for young people, yuh groups and creo! claseas, put the ange of services of amodtin youth hostel seo includes meetings, couses,sominars, edveaion 0 yeurg pceplo and adults leisure facts, schoo! ts, and walling fer singles And families. hurl avoae, tore ao chidrens hosos (yp to 39° 19) and youth hestols 13-1), and in towne tore eo youth guest houses ofering urietand ctrl servees, Th tendency among youth hostels owas the3-star hate standard. p72. with Sees! 120-160b00s. Bettroomein hostols consi of 4-6 (maximum 8) roms groups ww lndor rocm (ore bee, ono folding bow ae day couch). ane in gusst houses 2-4 bodroams,leadertoacror accommodation is te separate roms fr parents and chor. Soye ard gis aro Comior wi a number of avid dows, which can bo locked ‘req for Next). Showers and wachaasine connected thereome,separte WC laecosutle for dsabrel people) lockable luggage sloe, Clearing rooms an each fear and shoe sro! cleaning roam Lounge and meting poms: One room per 20-75 beds Multiple dining foems, rl purpese. areas with iveual corners, telat, letureroom dinrg room also atte for event, same hurmtar of places og beds, entrance haliecaplion and offi for the warden. Oudoor cameina ava {éoor io santary lacie sports and games, parking for buses and cars, garden forthe Warde, Irie, separated noise zones for able tn, hobbies ne workecoms, Utility area: kitchen servi individual partons oF aroup mele faving troleys, no sel-servee counter tly rom, sat lounge, Living areas: ft forthe wate, bedrooms fr sa, 12-18 UK'issuer: uty estos, for inancal reasons and bocasso they are fraquertiy losated in sense sunoundegs, ae olen conversions of existing buldings. Consequantly the UK Yeuth Hostels Associstion (VHA) is relctant te impose dolinive shoei guidelines, Howeve: some ste appted, expecsly regarting fe sally ard space pe bed: revere Bocnee Broan@ snot gras tere 188 @ ssraor meters CHILDREN'S DAYCARE ‘ecess and Buling Foms The design of fects for shidren should conscer their needs tne a, There are ne regulations or guidaines forthe conse: tion echieren’s dayearebulengs. Toreguatons ofthe relevant Slate and fe LEO are usod ab cuidelnos, Access bulléng desig stands aro recommended Children's daycare centre Tis tor cludes reohes, Kindkgrtens, ster sehool cae a. The cavears corte organised so thats mitue of chen with all-day and pase arangemans canbe looked ater. Crbche, nursery Caos for anal eden trom babs ones years ld. The soup Kindergarten Look aftr chidrn fom min. thos years old unt they ge 0 School. it may be possible or them to eat lunch and seap. The ‘noup zo s gorealy20 chr. Fort care of ssh! age children und years ld. Lunch sor ishmants te of combined wih Kvdergarens and te groupfence i909 tao — 160} SCHOOLS, SpecialstClassoems ‘hue cde testing Seachingracteal. practi, preparion tnd meng votre, Gono ad to Wo oie tng ‘Some for beiogr piyses ad emit) spp 2 0 pare + Fortes anidemensiaton pot 481m oO oo Danette patel eon er leew, che fy wi toagy an pinch, hamy and Dolo ope © mares ctimuanocnw, Teg» @, fone to fr aca an caress oa in the subjects physics, biology ard perhaps chemistry approx. 60 I nh pomarty tae conn anny wetng, A Suse tana erty bcm pay 0 {ror oto wih arta igi Pack! om br ppl, cotakrateg gap tn logy and pyscs oso tre Stay ack won, paces cdo neat pon, Sea percemotesinn appre, Ire Fopraton modiny eres ore combines orange act: ogo oppo 30-40 m spre. TO Sisodigw besien Uo stome ev Ts sou a Donat } Cat esetver i ee inert lotion th are ging, xan Musi andar teaching ase Roo fordrawng stonkdtnve anormal ah. possible fromthe north, Musi rome shaud have an appropri lays Srna ea tnd sound insti to veld cskrbing fhe aches, ‘Technical acting ‘Workoome should bo arranges to that aching n othr roems 's not dstrbod by the noise. The woking area shoul be sub ‘ivi ins the vrtovs media (aed, papet ret plese) and ideal be located onthe greund foor Photo laboratory The phot boats fea dk room for cost work one onl: rent tabiefor 23 puis, combined wth wel working seas or rogatve werk fin devlopmant and a fm stocage oom. I possbe itshould be nortacing witsconstantreom temperate. Space qurenent:$-14 wp per werk reap, a. 2-41 por won pace cr Ago hriet hry Ue SES aaine Fetsreeowmay Bi © see an i spc a. eae 8 Sg men neeeret 192‘SCHOOLS, "Made! Room Programe for Primary Scheals 4 classes Bclaeses assooms 24-22 soos 4 20-288 400-525 multiourpese rcoms 2 mt ot n Teaching equipment roam 138 t w|i Py Specalist classrooms %* workroom 16 2 1 2 ‘Sie bom 2 1 a ule oor 2 2 akin | School ibaryimed 50 n vtec, | Administration 36 102 Soran sea_|headteacher's room 1248 60 teachers reom 2450 2 “emganats| stk nom 49 ‘ 7 “Secs |parerts' meeting room 1 + chen cerry mit lt 2 si oom wat weit 18 nity areas u 6 oom or eesning materials 2 1 2 oreo 1 mot % Caretaker’ Nat 1 % Spor hat 1 co Open-air sports taciltios break areas vith gyrate a 00 1200 lay equpnent schoo! gavéen| 150 300 Playig ela ‘ten 1 pen ‘00 mtusek ayaas ong bmp teclty Stacks syrmasics awn 40 +09 general classrooms 325-300 sata sehod lrerymesia centre so 2 ey areas 24 68 Total 445-510 20-1004 papi 4c 42 196UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES Examples of Lecture Theatres © rennin stoner troten, 2H etinat 200 wavs anh2600 \g © Bern sneer ste wat, Seon ant © eae cqupmrnnan temran, serene @ errr tee to ae © ryscrinosay none 204 UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES Laboratories Cold aboratories ate ysed for tate reauing extieme tomers ‘ure candens, photograptic work and ae dasrooms. Wotk- ‘Ooms witrout equipment istaled alse beleng inthe close b- ocidlest rooms for laberatory state corral rooms fer gone slorage, chemcal sores and Wesus, with par ‘ular safety measures: sotepe Sores with decay cantaners se Animal aberstores area special caso, with roms ior keaping hs animals, wich have seeealoquigment approoratets the species ‘nd reque their own scrulaten ‘The cetormining dosign unit for tho lakertoyy workstaton isthe ‘sons tagather wth the associated work and passage aroas d fine he laboratory avs, whch forme the base spat ent ©. 120 om with im pracica!aboratories, sovera)finos that in rooren lboratarce, SD em Sopth wor aurfave insuding socket sep 0-0. Dock eystam: element widths 120 em, fume cupboards 120 and ten = @. The Socket stp an dependent elorent wth allalectety up. we whose wot surlaces are of ariel stone pana thet fonts Sckdom tied. and chemical resstant plaste paras, Lowivel Cupboards ao of wood er plate coat chiboad. Supoly sr ‘lens are fed from abs out af he ring cavity or fram Boe ‘trough the oor structure, Of low- or high-pressure systems, tho latter are pariary woo- ‘ommended tor mul sored ntti buldings wth age scat a ‘equitomerts, in oder o redves tho diets" crosssoction, Cook sy and hunication as reqrod.veration squpmeet has he highest denan for sce of al seieasinsttatons ‘ave aia vertiiton ane extraction biology lnorateras 4 moe lin the extaetion aes Eloctical instalation Each bulking wil ned its on tensformer station the mumbors ‘of comecions a high ar fspecaleleztey supgles ee spec fed, Electcal srvice rooms must be oncisad fre rest walls and may rot be cossed by athe ipowork oF cabs,0 som Coe | Sesame o Sam 216 THEATRES. Workshops ard Saf Reams Workshops for roduetion of scenery The ares Tequd for scenery werksheps i 4-5 tines the ran Sage area or medium sizes thanres (heates and mui purpose theates), lage opera houses or double testes (opera and heave), 10 times, Werkshops. sar cutside the build Should aluaye be acconmadtes on ona level. The Werkpace equations and thee technical ales and the vork gratecion ane eecident prevertion los of inser have tobe taken mo Bcecunt inthe design. in some cates the company and caliecva Sgreements with he employees can sls have an fic, Seenary workshops are catajosad as folons: 8) Parting oom The Toor aes must Ge designed to accoumosate two lege backdrops or ‘efloramesunchotizanta - curvad beckdreps) roledout on the Teor for painting, The arerege sizeof acycorsms 1510 280m: hmast bepossbletosub-chvidatheream wha tack utan for spraye wark, Ago reauted are sndertor heating 12 ay the pahted backérops; weacen fkors for spreading out he anvases: 9 gallry fom wich la check tha wok Wing on tho floor The panting room ls ested next to th soning ream ith ‘ze abolt Yl the ining roam) ering tre piecas efmateral 5) Gapenters ston ide ine Bench and machine eam it has weaden foors snc an agavring tmter star for 3-T0prodictions 2) Upnelstery: appro. 1/10 aaa ef pairing rom. 4) Mecalwork asearpanters shop, sersded aot 9} Scupture worsshos 1 Woxsneps sroula 2a grouped ound an assomy room, which Serves to test-sesambe the scenery ard has the same toot a8 85s sage. The neigh shoula be proscenium Pus 2 camer 210m, 8) Changing, washing ana vest (centaen rooms ato beprovided for tecmiel staf, ard offees for the technical management. Funner workshops for sound, Igling, props ard costumes, lo 5 requad [precuction intnsity,parsoal squipmen Personnetrocirs [Aste taf. staga maragar administration. Historically. gesonnal roms ware stusted on bath sides of the stage: ot ads, ht gentlemen, atheugh tis was operational smpractieal. Today these roar arclocated enone ace, apposte th technical sce fn several floor. The incuses makeup, fequsntiy ao the ostume workshop, acminsation andstage manager Bressing eoms:-> @- typical eorplans. O istsCONCERTHALLS Technical Requiemerts, Oman, Orchedra Thare Is litle stage equioment:elaments of oor structure in the sea fer the orchestra, acjustable wall and cong fates, transport ada, cudspeakes an iahtra eaupment Lifts to extend/educe the stage Large concert tats nave special Conpartnentatsod systems in the orchosta area to mako various orchestra configurations possbl, enaige tne zago aoa or mavumise te namo of seats inthe hall by placing seating units on ts. There is also transport cr tere Urlween bessne' and sag, secica epice Sie th tod an ow alsin sped Mobie seating units The tog plato canbe lowered to alow a smaller sage and SSRIS he potonng ef adtaral ecg, wich ean Bein the fom of SEL mobie un oe pie” Orchestra stage sre ns tormest one, Poa ‘Fecal pa Modular system with flexible stage options for music groups. 1G Transzort and storage is on storage wagons in the store room. vei Pome Bg Ses tage 18 | Cho platorms wate Fle 23S EE | Miter wee ce nin ae Sug ftom ate ES ue |S tro a old aio sae ad routed to sits fig qtmts | Seas site| sts/ "53" | atte ted chor soning: song n bon pes soe economies [—y-Vrmnasis!—eotgo | — eas T8121 2-4] _Ancese is vin detachable balcony elements inthe chok seating © oeryeamtena psig dea op lempeary arson the cho lator, (eS ‘Nea coneting of thes rows inthe austerum stall, can be condtons, na eto ways: moble seating uni, mobie mong desk, oF emp (2g. fguectmusciane bring hat own ming oak Ccyclorama scatfold Mototsed tubulr scaffold, uaos to fx cutaine and barn, Fy es portale stage fghting ané other prductin lemons at the b Fear el the stage, and anf requred be partly or compieoly i Wd smanted Organ buit into the concer hall 220 ign musty ad ocntecraly fraiche space es Ose pe Chiereiert pointers er Bi CT \ hack wall being ideal, vee-standing and nat in a niche, Ty n=) Theseedponen bnvouneobehal acan postin ine © Srweranmoret Rarina Tebete he salto he bien oe, cot, manormineo-8 "oi tap lhe oes Nasi shud ke aed: 1-2 mfr Cn SS the cant and mins enor tng acess blind the cra, mine nhwe wc evan woestoogsr 0. Se MSM eee Sa SS ‘mobilz); this is placed near the orchestrs, so the organist becomes UE Bre ene omer may) on f fSrgan-> @+ @ Necessary able connections shoud bearovieed. @ rcorsciracmeret Orchestra sizes and yous The various orchssra seating layuts emery German and today most Aenean are important forthe sourdin toa = @-@. The Plowing sizes of orchestra ae eval today m Europe and North amerea: lage symplony ohesra wi 60-190 musicas Siete J his and chamber omtesta wih 25-40 musicians ths dtomnes [is ESeye th allonl space mauromonton tw tage (e3 Savane © comwivrmnnisny 8 Gere teipag pax, 180 220Sj =| — CINEMAS Mutiplex Cinenas With a number ofsereens of aio sizesin re bldg. multipin nena ae atten combined wth shopring ents, ar parks ae | vehi requre artensive paling space ~ 225. Te auitonums se reached via common enrance ard sometimes sacked, On © Keer coer susie EJ hear sigirg to the nevi scans isimparant. Tha lccaton of the serene in relation tothe entrance ayer shouldbe eeeordng | serem in avant loclionien the act ruts ron the foyer. The SSzesof the sing adtarums depend onthe raqutements of he | =} desks dependent on te nunberafseat;appron, bn? far ere! aah douk:for 2500 seats, approx 6 cash desks, r es ae ea cea The entrance foyer shouldbe of ginatass preporins, cary lad ut atd ata prominentiocaton ini bing Wincludes the rain 7" nance, fsederink counts ard access tothe seers. 8 the acess poins to the isvidual sereans on diferent flor, thre ane normaly sions foyer wit bar courters, NC st. Tha main foyer shouldbe af adacusto size fer evens ipomiées, a presentations et sie ‘inersa carcept, counters stould be provid in central locations saeco Cinema avditorum th wall r the side walla near ta. Crose-oassages should be proved sea connecten betwose te dears or at = sG9ntance fo osc tha side aisles > p25, Projection oom Miu tom size: 850 x 2.80» .80m (Wx DH. Poiection ‘wind esa aparon. 13025) » em (one ot we pjecar) Fm an be aupslemented by vdso projctes. ard space ould also fossa be provide for rorzonal im ry ecument and contol desk The ptfom under Ne projectors srouls be whation-Hes. A noi lavel of approx. 79.¢8 must be damced to 20 <3 by the 22:Cin orc to protect fm copies anc equipment. Subsidiary rooms These are Io be provded 5 recur: offes fo the ma cotary avd employees, alehve IT room, sist reams hanging rooms, las’ ara gers’ WEs, staf rest oom For the foyer ang focd'dinkaten:catang sara, cauntar sto, 2c! tom, room for enpte, rubs oom, claring equipment ‘oom stores for loaning fn and decortion 0 mre grint top ctntae nt Vatcrene we© werarmeeateinare 228 Z008 asics Objectives of 08 Staring with Oracle 1008/28.C, rove are subject to the Foloving requirements > @ 1. Invoivenent in research actos forspeces conservation 2. eo educational pubicty work 5. Keeping and feeaing the animals corecty forthe species ' Protection aginst enimals escaping or pasta ans verrin venting 5. Keeping register tthe 00 callecton Infrastructure of a medernz00 > @ of pang spaces, soos for publ tarspot Main entrance: cistnctve entrance aca, pay beothstcounters, ‘Nook, adninstaton tidy paths, welcoming seating Further infrastuctue: event and lecture room, gh-clas Buide (for eveing busines), further restaurants carding £© Shope, zaoscnen! Operations and staf bul separate cess (out of public Storage of feed ane ment in ashing prepeciion, war cisiauton, slerage and coc! moms, rubbish Femoral sheds or paring and mantenance ol icenng machitss, transport vohicles and cages, workshops, gardening. heating, at conaltoning,vertaton Medical care of animals! animal cine, quarantine staton, Inborstones, research facies, acclimatization and breeding rons cadaver storage Access roads and paths: wieeichaaccasibiy main paths (6-0 n wyao), wi weather protector lad out a round Yost Side paths {3-4 m wice} fo cach group of amas, independent poration roads @-#i wide) To uppy waste dposd, anal transport and asemergoncy accoss re Serres, ambule© teeerortermormston, @ Skies miteemictin OFFICE BUILDINGS ‘ichives ng Jeent the application of new office tecnoogis, he use of paper as ‘themain iormaton steragemedism hesincraased, Uni 1980, paper cconsumpten deubod evar four years. Compute-aise stoage systems. Lefer, fex's and nevsoapes, which are cescrbed a5 Uuncatedinlormaton, wil continue tobe partof thpape volume. Purpose: Clearly ararged ordering anésloage ols win shot akg Gstance ant efisent oxpliaton af tho space. Sf ‘equimans fer ing stone (acsordrg te Ladner» @)Inceasrg dlopthof sls ko rereasosthadisance towakbotwoon tha. LW flog fret) = pace for aris “LW +05 m= porsage space ‘etal space requied = epace fr unite + pcssags spare Deep fing eabrets se mot ecanomical. The rebtansh betagen ‘urntize for space snd passage space aerial fing stom Wing iste ahi shelves ox stort and fr nao ng sytem = mmadeciearn > @ Funturtloc spnoaraedsd wi verical sage 3 5.2m pasiage space 4.8 (1003), Wim hezontl storage, hte ‘or space 32 m, passage space 38 m! (9:10 ratio tated. A hora ing stem afer uss srage pace and ha igh shales atl ogee Vertical storage cor porcelain ove 0% Suspended es make about 87% bet use sf wal sea than tes 01 hates @ Flescanbotarsporsa wih apsterostr if Nonstabons ‘should include srt shelves, sal des, chs on castor. The ting stem eae cota locle, A ataurse ndow ote Ins 225-250 m,esing carance hah 2.1m @ storys of normal fofies space = stor offing Tho rooms must ba dy so ae ad Cal ate irdessbl, Cominsous woe + @ + @ wih suspend hea Sed ng suraces cemonee wokatstons etact relays san bs teed a8 wring sufces, rf card ex bows. Mabte ing gst {Souniien Compuus stan ambi acpace sy ot 100-1208) by ‘Siminsing rtormedite passsgea » QB Sister ap ne ctrccicad ‘de aupied to he rac roquementsc fang gytans, aches, brats, ses Tike ote ofthe higher ang perm of flor sea (+ bares pp 287). Mavemonto te fang yeti manutor by ace, ‘The ent fing siiom oust sas efit can bs dosed wits cn had, Hie @ oornipt memgnaets tee terse ere O Serer Onis Bea @ ser tsoractieon 237 ona) oe em > ee rrecsocm okies CPR int Shp atte roy bir fy Fae owe hndisall oS ate FL FR = 5 oe La Ly Ae OFFICE BUILDINGS neces Bulling concepts Single-row layouts are unece homeal. and only seceptable ‘eth despotic rooms (aright oo Twerow layouts tave most ‘been used for edition Bul lings unt naw sings oom ard smalofices stepossblewih day light > ©. The-supaly cores are situstadn welll zones The ‘ranstional form, thee-ow, produced by affeating the two rowayautinthesuppy area > @. Thvee-row layouts (ypical of offcs righ ss) + + bg suppy zene. atthe ‘canta ofthe balding s normaly racial only ir higherisa but Sings (eeslor proporian ct Weetesl nangpar). Dayight osm ‘ratty be expltec into = roan, epih of about 7.00 m Now dlaylgnt systems tor the detec ‘ion and vanspor: of feht ips, Fetectors >. 499), expOM the avaiable daylgit sil bette. Eigrwets “eat urinate cente of thvserow Buldings ratualy > @. using aignment Compass creation vatousy scuaiea Accoutig Rosas 50% of al offe bulge in the ‘te dslypenesatingmoming ard ‘Tomthe south ane shaded mors {2 Joodike (+ ef) fe main aes unlght trough all rer. Now foi reeme ere eceoplale ony forlsyoute witha 3 cai Access systems ‘aels, i sats et, stuated in ta fulding regultons —> © @. The arangoment of those determines urtan developments Siting sructira = QB. For Combines ee unite af lose ti subject to the requremonts fer eal SomHIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ‘Construction Pane oncemnn ieaapmcpemmenne tai ne eo oe sed uber cate ate'nat 3 5 Sees S bon nih vpamurr 8 6 bye mar y : bane Pearse cot cen oi ny LB Imatua Spt 9 td @ he oto a shade bo par bate der aate tonal sete tna eae te pasty spa @xitee a cmoias ed oe | | Eenstston such a tel tan wth corerete oars nea st 4 ‘kof earthquakes, special construction necessary te prevert fam SI] A acilation atthe baling “re congn thigh ia auldngsie catered by thaconstucten O core cemorteiaten iin system and the vertical access elments. The rato of usable flor are to bug cost becomes ever eos tevourble ih the inerassing heght cf the building. Constiwcton and eccess areas {axe up a lage put of the plan aun. The dvsion of hagherss bulings ite sectons with anspor to Sky lobbies’ by express Ine the aassongars can rans‘ to normal Reduces the spice aqui frit ac the travel tna +p. 246 @. estelectiveness depends on the ‘nay factor, the aio of maximum permissbia haraottal ceformation at the top t2 he total neght a bulding max S00), The decisive facta’ for fhe design of vary high buildings is the henzeraiorces (ving) ananotine vercalosas wo%%othonzrtal Geformaton comes romtha citing ofthe amo, or hearsway, uous fd 10% comes fam the sant ef the entre busing. Frame BNE Stucus winout spacial wird bracing re ecenoms only up Sas out 10 storeys. Converionatrame systamsleadrouneconemee Snsreten ‘amensons for move than 20 fos. RarYoreed canaetarames °°" fap practat upto 10 sereys wine, ae fr 20-0 storeys, bacing walls anc highs: thar that fr eanersta tube and double ‘une situs, The cast effectiveness ofa buldng dteraned by mataial used, cutabs type ef eonsvstion and application of rasonalconetucton technology — ©. ‘Av examele of a strachraly acororicl solution is the Jom FRancoc Cert, Chicago, 1960, by Skianore, Owirge & MeN ‘The vsblestuctun lanents form the design soncept. The tube pincipl consdoranty reduced the amount oslo! eed at {he epertional acenomies araimprovod by layeree usage 42-45 songs and “sky lobby. 16-39 apartments, 1-96 visto: ore resturant, 97-08 TV warsmiter + @- ©. EE: xa 0 Sm Sim © ces (leaf) ils @ enn ee © worenassme © cracncctm6 tusegtesealier ves nate! | E+ © ecschormtraatn shes che 2a chin LIBRARIES iting ‘System turnture for relonce fans lending braies for al ‘woes afdewecs telephone PC, teminal, mirotone readers) and forall roquted cable ‘ete for network and om ‘munications esters, Cupboards ity” spaci ‘dawere for card catalogues, Imerofnes, sides, fim, aud fand_videocarsettes, cempact ies, drawing cabines er ‘maps, dawings and graphics. Shaling systems or Docks, ‘magazires, mada: most, freestanaing “double shat unis (ries! steal proies, Sholvas steel sheet or wood 2.251, spacing of verticals 0 om, depth ef shelves 026-020" m. but so extra 9, for sases and fenspaper colloctad etans ShoWes aglustable for nai a. every 15 mm. Hoght of I freestancing double shelves max. 5 x depts Capacity ofthe ‘ShoWas sapere on tse rumber of shehes per uni, ealulted St 25-00 vastuming m DIN speciaict reper 13, Shat soicing in sacks > O75 longer inaccessible areas. Mobile she unite ony pemissble in closed stacks) ca the colunn gd faourble and the shat blocks f, cent na eapaciy Increase of upto approx. 109%. empacy =125 iim? (axta Tsk) Microfy reader workplaces 19H be acess inthe ature (prdemeanty newspapers) The sigitaiscton because ths possbities, 249sivcecepeact ] >| scram a © en syactratatentacegternwencston tans Ea: ; z ox © roman @ errr tong Sex Bon a Q etermame BANKS Bank baldings ‘hore ae twe baok typea of bank bulingos high sect eating benk branches wth customer ransations and spel or entra Investment ander corporate baling High st clearing bank branches are amxture of edministraton lager fer mah offees ar corsiderbly les in ema branches, Deeause saminatation mosty conalyorganaed. The man preconditions for he banking busnese are secur, st a Felabiy, whbh abou ale be vil nto dag nga indng havee purchase bans fom the deposi they erating basi resembles te fa Bank 86 tr uldng dein Penk tietinal ato ar aefolows Processing zone Inna! offs aiea for aarinisrtion winout poke access (p28 Specialzones Imedeton tthe social moms tor staff are the normal stain rooms br adninsratin ofices(-» 2. 283, here are conerencs fel prestige-nomating seam, These serve raiing purposes ae pouldespace for edbitons ‘Security area Sefes, tay descrbed a benk vauts or srongoom, aes thore i solid and specslyrenforced eonerele construction ae Inala talaga 8 roonvi-room stuctor of pre-cast elements The idea location in he colar near the entrance, Decaise the shit rom the nig safe has fo be almost stra. The rostes the eusomer sate depeat! boxes and te the bank song room thould f posable be separate Oelocry o! cach and gables by armoured vehicles algo has te be considered. An accoss gallery ‘oom, Vis thknessea aren accordance withthe secu love, trom 206m {740} 100m (120). For the customer ate depoat boxes, fully automated sate depesitaystans’ open ata tines are ‘alla, These canbe reachat frm the salt seve ares tough fn addtional accens contl vestibule wthout sa nvohemert Research ane Testng Assocition fr safe and strong reams and Gastown zene ‘The inteduecton of autemate teller cash elaganser (ea de pensers operated by bank staf win reticted and timedocked tesh else meara tht the structural potacton of he counter apa i no longer necessary. Cash lspensing and simple infor maton © mostly ot aal-eervoe caan pomts (ATM. Cashes transactions can be caried out by home Banting. This reduces the space sequent nth customer ara, because the set mostly consists of consitaiens ard reference 1 specialst de. fret. For ntl ifermation, sancing coruitatn ecuntere fa suffcient, but thorough consllabons requis separate roan, for pracy. Sxpar deparimerts (6, cret ar invasinet) a2 ‘fen fozated on the frst oor of hacustamer a ‘The set-servee zene i also accesible ouside business hours 11s theeiove mosty roccated sto a lobby autide ie customer ssa. @. This zone is ecuipped with eashpoirts, axcourt Satoment ptr, depos Soo te nih sa and possi the fcoasato the ate dapost sysam, 253oe — a 6 ee = INDUSTRY ‘shed Constucton Peducton and warchouse tulkings are often bult as indus tral sheds wthoutinteral Poors bat wth large spans and roar hosts (Construction, spans and heights 5-50 m according to cfent requitemens (amangeront of ma chines, aocees race and fuming ticles of vehicles) and roar hhoghts of 2-5 m, Bui as sold, Inssed or cable tneead ste ture with fred ord colina > @, rence» © @ er 00a framed consinictin stfened with brecng, en 3s adkod et Sdeponcont on tho proposed evrhosd crane 9.287. ‘Advantages of shed construction Low construction cost de o ight rot constuction and omission Dot expeive foo slabs: unferm marl ighting it otis ce for very deep spaces: heavy Toor leading passibe: awe firs protection ragurement; fw of mateals andl people on on te Disadvantages of shed construction lume: unfavourable thera! bataviou (hea les, heat bulé-up summa) Lighting, ventilation, building servoes Ligting and vention (and moe exictor) ae priced by lg bane, roth ights or igh domes in the rot contraction > © @ oratos stip windowen the agade, Heating is noma (conta docentalsed) lr heating or ovetead radiant heatrgfemporay heating singe area). CP SEE Orewa 8 TL eevee wens oe 4 if seth Boe 2 | © Baan st0 | ‘torre amine wt tect cm waniurewnmled et ‘esing dneveron INDUSTRY \Waretovsing Storage and shipping contahers Storage confaners sone fo combine the geads into bading Uns wth the purpose of maximieng the expiaton of space ard tanspor capacity and tho avadance of handirg The most Common storage conser fr unt gooes are stackable erates made el timber or paste, pallts (at pallets paiets wih de ralsand adetianal qupment and azo moreasngy containers, (On order to simply intanational ransgort, he European pal tet pool has invoduced tha standardised trarspor pallet (2 roaalat,Poolpalis, 200% 1240 % Ted mm) win varaus sacking ‘actinents = ® ‘ead Ravers stad sianl peg taapok ot 1p account af the variety of uses and 0 rough Fondling and Toxin storege pallets ar sujoct a many qualy stands. © ees Worencuse equipnent “re scaction of warehouse oguiprent has s similar impertance In tne doigh of watenovsas. This depends on the uly, cuar thy, weight snd handing frequency ofthe stored goeds and ako {cuipment is aujes te rumerous requis [on over canbe ance Companies 23% ~> p. 283. The wedoral storage stan inneuntial warehouses = fat selves “> @ as matusl sheng forsmal pars. Thse ae constructed as boed sein systems (eg. anale profes with alee) wih inserted soo! shales, he Imesh compartmarts, dere or care. hase systems cen Bs Upto approk -50.m high itn eecceite hap up loval and a Stable for cacings of 250 hg'shal Fer large loadings and haights, pallet racks are alae as stan derdiced modular systems made of chanel ard eam eroies, Bye vith sn sail spacieg of approx. 2.00m lor he Curler: hotzoraly) have become establohed, Using fomltt tucks heghteat upto 6.00 mare pesctieal-» @ The passage wish be tuwen te racks depends on the #26 and type of ther tuck to be uied fg forks, swiveling fers) and the roquvementa st Health she Satety Reguations 2H 1 (ehile with» 2 50 em) 38. Inordor to store tems si more deny, Huy automate igh- bay warehouses aro usod, oft independent of production rosabon, Theae have specla evivling stacking cranes thet sack a! hoights of up 25.00 m, They aro ormllystppled by specalst haneas an itoyiated eystan Facking ana bale ervelopo} >. 269esse

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@: The funcional unt (aeminaration, Tee Froduttion, mull-storey ear pack, Ses Noh-tay warehouse, pking. goods amie fu spate) ate developed according to tho requrements, shitecturaly indepencent and grouped innate fly bid out landscape. The unite Je cennocted by a branching ae soa oss sto (alana ote, neces trig * Integrated industrial plants — @: ete Waretouse, status two storey sls oe and administration ate, and do fy atthe back se combined in ‘bled block. Ths consis of feoe-stindin ste! stricture fepan Tength 40 re with clarona-shaped tearm gritage on aed-and extn Frojecng onthe srvance side and ‘amand-shaped grilage of Secor dary boa, Ooo 273I Lo © bersineeach in 200 ooo00 D Prestermecamest et © eteront inane CHRISTIAN CHURCHES Liturgical Elements Guidelines for church builirg The indicia! stite Churches and behopice Fave epecial guidelines fr the churches tobe Bult in thei area. act, tho Places of Assembly Raguations also apply to spacos which fare not predominant ntanced fer church services, For new Building steaton and refurbishment, the adviee of he diecesmn Commission should a0 roquosos. Approvals ar isuod by tho bishop's representative should ae developed from the boi! andthe tegy Liturgies elements Felgais olorentsrequiod fer all gular acte of worship, Putpit > @ ‘Word. Th pup stands na close Rrpca roltonshi o tre aa, frequenty to he rat ofthe altar as eben for the raw. The Hog othe ult. 00-1 20 pup ner ove anon the shuren oo Lectern + @ Ineary Chlsion cwrenas ths was'a mooie reading deck cated the amo forthe reading of the Gosoeis end Epistios Tholecter sfoula despte bong mebie, oe paced Fine medals vey ofthe tar, tor “ad's table’ focis ofthe calsraion of the Eucharist. Feed ard mebilo aitare or sacrament fables are possible The shape ard metoral are rot regulated. The aa is mostly rectangle 1.95-7.00 m sigh and free-standing so that Ht possible wale around t without éeuly > @. In reformed cvurches. eww her stapesare pesabs.Analtarehoulé not ke used Before ts ensecrated bythe bishop, Altar stops nest to and bain the ata in. .8D m estar can be walked ‘round Tos era tte sled by ene or tw stp, Tebernacle + @ Shrine fr the sfrage ofthe resrved sacrament Tabormacle ae Alar arein cose turgal ane spatalreaioneip to one mothe. ra Ss = fe] sal u e Lit 5 285HOSPITALS. Example 298HOSPITALS. care 0 em) with chairs (one oor patent} ould bo proved. Ie must be possbio to open the Eu in cuptoaré without having to move bed or de tebe The minimu sz far single bechoom’s 18 mF, fortwo and throo bedrooms 8 m: per bea tHospitalRepvstior). Tre room with shouldbe chosen ao thatthe bes sckean be whoolecout Ot the room witout having to move te fst bed eu af the ream {isu with 3.48 m than axa vith oF 3.80), Fitting outpatient rooms Irene: to protect the walle af ho roam from damage by bs Side ebles or trellys, a prctctien ral mace of stable material ‘ruetbe the taal ae theght min. 0-70 em above fr ovo} the conifers tho war partront above the cupboard and a lackable camparenent for The room doors must be arge, 128 » 2.13 m, on account of should be 32 8. Behind tho feds, thee isa supy ral fore? ‘nnd Honing. Special sockets can supply oxygen, vaio fn comprssee ain Also mtegrted are sockets, eadng lam, 0. cre ir st bic nC KGS nic Pi ai 306Us iT aA. & a allplkr-obnlnd Man como AS y Li. is, apd e “ech The esta Kage 312 HOSPITALS. ‘Administration, Socal Services Menagementand sdmisitration Aammshten offces we died into those ding ‘rely with plies, andthe oes, fees fr pation fumission anc deaings wth trends and wlatves should be provided ear the main envance, The ofiees for tntemal hospial business ate acmintle areclore fice with secetaral supper, accounts department and petsonne! department. Conterance and meeting rooms ve also equ. Ie larger hospitals sock! wokers snd Payenougistsaiso workin he aaminstianon application of need to be sonsicered in te dasgn, pehape involvng ised floors and ne ees! acoouns bee wih poeumate postal divery connections Records Jahon stance betwoon records ane working ara i adrantagoousbut ost eifeuto achieve. Alecation in ‘hebasenent wi secess by sas i posable. forte, teratie, Kine, aminstatien, Xray depart te, Monin sheving ts sot Io reduce Tae space reairorrent for the same sterago capacity. The igh roasing sesurptons fr shelves (apo TOM kgm rave to be consider, The storage tem for patton Hes is 90 yous, trary Medial ibraree should te previded wih open shevg. ‘winout losec stores and book fsue.A large pat of me erature ourals Sufcentavalabityofreadhg tales ‘wit lamps sport. Hospi Ibraes af ahiged nto patent Ibrares. ané medial libraries for doctors. The Sigticarce ard use of tree eroduring twoupn todays lrmipresent IT and internet resources. Mein entrance andserdces [Assimple and easly tecoghiable main entrance win vehicle sccess ane cisbilty parking laces must be ‘rated for general patent and tr trate and dalvery by tar. Speci ertances shoud be aviced if possisle ‘The envance nal shoud be aesgred as a wating room for viters onthe open door prncol, with the layout ‘cay more ike a mogern hotel oDby From ner vistors, upatiats, inpatients egpable of walkin frame ge tha separate ys. ‘overs, stationary etc. A ealeleia for vtors ana ‘ints is stuatescrectyrext othe entrance ands open Gok: Abo Important ae storage fies and the fo- Sinton of room for staff in accordance with Worsplace Regulations. Pastoral care and social services roem, Thi hss adoring rooms fer the chaplain nd ‘os, and sce roms, Tes nests as need Moos forthe chaplain andthe sca workerSTADIUMS overview ‘Arcint slau, wove size hao never been matched (he Chou ‘Marines in ere hed oom fer 10,000 spectator, form tho basis forlodays pa eres, The diversions arena died byte 70x 109m lout oa fecal pich andthe running Weck around > <9. The bane sheoe of te playing ea san lize, che iil to ‘hoanciet ogg shap. A td noealyparaly dugio th ground anethe exth anoved isheaped oun Fron thetovinplrsrgaopot Sper ait mit Flirt tho tein snd tho transport an ity ‘upp cantons ehuld be goo alba, tram toe ne enrpate ld the immediate vent Seukdbe avoided bocauze smb, sel andnolecar undnbe. Covered andopen a faites br verbue Woae ‘of eport can becomibned and tegrated ino fe zoing pn of ec. “The ofietatione of ancient arenas ware usualy weet eae or cout noth, according fo fe vatous tmes af competitions ~ @: in Europe, horheas-couthwes so that most spectatorehad he ean behind thom (Open enrances ae thraar athe eatemend, The pay booths wore lea to various ports Inthe star, These prvide sczess, most lpthe heaped areas, or sta, to he stand athal-hight and then to fo rove above and bebw ~ @. Fr acousticreason, the Roman arhitoet Virus recomended a Tae gradient af #2 fr toth rw Of seating an standing places. Nowadays, when loudspeakers are ‘edhe elation any ka fotensuie a od vin ‘Recordin, with staggered sats, the aucience in esch row should be able senover the heads of those twe rowel front. Ti esate ina parchote curve. The best viewing conditions ar from the long se of nar. ‘The wih of the access passages and sais must be werked out using tho sudden low of spactaters leaving (in contrast to the ‘fatal Icke of those sting), According to the calebtions of . van Essten, each 5009 spectators a te Amsterdam stu —> {© sequin 7 mutes (or 420 seconds) to leave ting fhe 85 m wide sare previdea in Los Angeles 12 minutes. in Tin 9rinute), Soane spectior uses 1 m sta wath in 95120 99, £000 ican sine iat SiR wing OF 18, for each 1 m tar width, oe OS £000" 26 ¢ 35x 420 spectators leeve. The fomula for the necessary stir width for @ defned number of specttors intending fo leave the stadum Hy desirably hor time woul therefore be et ee st wd (~ euation tie) 1.25 Frt-nid rooms should be provides according to fhe number of spectatos and close to the spectator fea. A grou of rooms fs ecossany for every 20,000 spectaior: treatment and rest reom 15! store reom 2 and two tolls with obties to provent odour traramicsion. For stasums with oomtor mor then 30,00 seectatrs. thors should aso boa 15 m room lor puble salty posonnal poles, fro sence. Tho commertary Eoxes wil bn ho man sland with & goed vow ofthe spers fod, each box 1.5m. Botind erry fve media Boies, a switchvoor of 4 m?. One car pking space for every four spectators ane parkng places fr coaches shoul be alate peed poe ea © secsircanc tess statins © smreentine 318 coininas at seein 4asieSPORTS FACILITIES lets | “Track and itd, arena type A ‘Ths consists fan eight petmete luack and lara inne fel shot ue, ddscusthammer thewing, higy huma fnd avein In southern sexe; shot sa/hemmer towing. vel lump for oastacle voce gent, pole vaul ait wit ‘uns fom beth sides oneasten side ‘utede parmstar tec fong ump ard tiple jump with wo run-ups. on ‘western side cts perimeter ack ‘Track and field, arena type B ‘The conslets of @ shane peimeter ‘uack and large inner fil: shot pe datuahammar twewing, high jana lane vein in southern segmert; poe ‘aut avin, decushammerthowin, Tongimp with tee unuge and water © jump for essacle race in narnen ‘segment pole vai tripe jump pits can also be aranged ‘utloe pemeter ask ‘Taek and lets, arena type G ‘The consis of feurlane patmeter ana ge loner to: elscus ad pe Jump pts with ee uous ‘and shot putrg in rorthem segment. 923 Tong mp andSPORTS FACILITIES. ‘covf Courses Practice arene —- @ ar ued sth to practice the chert game ‘orfor baginners tating up gol. A golf centre ex an independent Sport acy ean, for ramp, be lad out on an area af only ‘ha, This would ncluce a practic are, an approach giana rte gan and Bala gel courne (par) = ©. Standard 60 wih a normal Sangh of 3749 m and the strand courecsreaukin the par aco. Ebmerts of gol course wahch ate nat usual everwhere, win. wlth 25 m. Rouens ae farsa wth giouth of varus heights a the edye af the fairway bodies n thelandszape Got courses ate best stusted in uroven terrain with fet slopes defen neds thickets, aes or tee grape vitnatt Urcergrowih. with natural nezards (watercourses kes), wit cuttings and hilocks, 2 among danas on the coast. The siz ff a course depends on the number af holes and their length [stance from toot hal) © eesceriteactaen @ veiscistarrceses +O © enravret panes 331/ a —— nad SS: t= © Seietenane SPORTS FACILITIES Shoeting Ranges Ebvation satety “The foal range of eshot s mah determine bythe eal angle st slovaton Accord to experience. the verseal olvation ned to be sately estiaed is 20" or at pressure and CO, guns oe Zinmestutzen sea, ane 90" relevance and handguns Ft high crossbow and archary ranges. the regulations dif: EEndangred areas are to be protected by ceckated safely stuctues. & shooting range must be constructed so. that, laccorcng to expstenca.no ange to snoatars talng part om aro intoaly nor extemal tho sureundingreighbouhooe. The rcuerents of the Federal Paton Corto! Ua mst bo complied with ‘An sesecament whether a specie seis suitable forthe build bulling. An secreted esparton shooting ranges cn prove th ahtoct with the nevoseary apecalt information, and oul ‘aya be consulted, Paiculr ports to nate a Distanes for existing cr planned buit-up areas ad inkabited heuses intendod shooting erection (rerh or north-east. sal Conaitions ar features of tomin, uty supates, waste dispesa, rond cennecson, muting of rand (alse planned, ear parkin, hai and fesure areas. Can oF must There bo deviations fon the-guideines? Ary roquiree protection messuros shouldbe inte design rom the sar. Ranges ear be oui constucton section The pracedues for approval and permission are determined by state roguations, The laut and extent of a shooting range sfould Inlide the carsdertion of addtions and extensions, which eould becore nosesaay in the flute and can be bul st reasonable cost. The design of opan-ar ranges should elude hae potecton measures, 349 ev‘SPORTS HALLS. suo a Fai Geman championships and intaatinal P10 10 m. Uphelsares mats a6 not jy, the ats shoud be rais by 19 om. The Separating sn bstwoa the contest ata anae surourd seule beclealy sie + @. WREsTUNG Mat sie ter compations § 8 m; fer Geman championships meee memati 29 Sy pat 10m CRITTER eration chanpionaps and Opie gure 8m The = z tnd of te atin rhe th a ving Of tm deter wth {Bc ee ap it Met eam so svg Pech sens evandng practi shaul F pose be 2m wae eo e otherise boundary tapes at 45° angle. 1.2 m widh of the protect sip shouldbe inmat thickness, wth xu dere. Proveston sty for nadona eonpontana tm wae. Pao hight =. mn core peste ropes WEIGHTLIFTING Laing atea 4 9 4 ms Mealy wth strong timber base, cma ‘markings, foo sould net spring atl footing for weigh ters, Largest veght ameter =430 mm gist tener Weight for a-ha exer 13k SS ae Wight fori andes exo 20 ST BoxNG Sele Dimensions ofa boxing tng to irtemaonalequromente, 43 ee 71 {Smia6.0.r8 tm." misusial Reed ings se ue with» podium Im ie onal sides, Erte podium 75.5: @ moms BxemO. vat % BADMINTON 2 ioe Zia sente The standard is doubles cout slags cout ony if space Is Satie cheer isckig. spacing beeen cour at de 020m Beteen cout and wale, “3am Backwards spaong between cours Sain safety spat each side tam safety sip rntanal back, each 233m Spocttore shoud bs behind the safety stip Hall eight: 8m ternational games, &.m over rear partion Net hoight at posts 1.55 m:n mide 1.525 m, net surface 78 om high > @-Flocrcoveing ity sient. Ligiting. possible no wis, but oofight gine foe) 30d tape since te lt sn [ > ! 356ROADS Interurban Roads In otger to achieve stundavtied desion inthe contruction snd perdion of roads, standard cross seclona ae provided forthe ‘aads curse bult-uo ateas. wich sraud rat be devsted tom without reason ~ @. Knowing te numberof vetcls frerast and the category ofthe rou. the autble oss-section can be determines using > @ p37. For rads. wit aclacent bulding ther are ne dandad c1ese- sections. A suche poile s dereoped consdeing the varius feculements of use and acjeoert property owners tor actions of the an, The precondon fer this the dcr a 2 which ype of ‘ehl the ad space sreulabe designed far. 391 Examples of ‘arove bul-up toad eres-sactions ae gventera © - @. ‘The intention shouldbe to give the toad a dstnctve image. Tis an be achived through clay, dferentate cimersions aang srangemattol the varove cross-sections, balance eltioneip sfthewidth and haightof the stret apace andivarstyofpantng, ‘As a vesult of ths, the layout af he sheet space shoudl enable fneniation nthe ses! anl ala ie the own fae The cose sections ing at ech ade othe earageway nfuence the ceaton ef functional aneviualstucture, For design purposes, the elowrg elenentschoud be discussed im adion te tuncion ated withthe potecton seas, dbihabaelaal at © tn an ptt ata psy omen ralinbiolshis ss hie pa el Fino atvnThy can eran tre 380ROADS \ aes rem, Tei calieg A winaaee leelo| lol le 1 aeseme 2 ewes |e ° 3 Greets” * ° i change ofa || a 2 Musee fe jee [© 2 Xearangoment |@|e@jeele| fe 4 cbtces |e ee! |e thao wagon | Tos) dg ccennate 5 faite owe |lale «|. C Rents | @ | @ . 1 2 wmaomn | fe] feof fe 3 ponyer jolel |o © Sense rane neato otanenatapenen ten C rer) 385PARKING FACILITIES. Vehicles — Turing ‘the vices and he uoan panning ‘generally vale econmondations 3m ofthe caret turning pace. The requrerants cf and else dacosal tucks have to be considred inturnirg place dessins Sore auhonte responaible for acto spect! cocire fo remove rubbish tom dead-and srects wher ‘elise dspoclrucs car only rfom a hee-point tum orhaveto ‘ove baskwadsforconsderatie dances Tring paces. can bo formed as harmotheads + @ - © tung aces or ting ons —+ @- @. Harmerreads corard rmanoeares euch 2 Uves-post tus, so ming cess and oops ap proerabloas toy aw tucks tours none ein, Turing places should for pracical resscns te laid out axymmetncaly to be let —» @ ~ @. The permet of tring hese should alo sufciont space without fod objects berg ferdangered by the overtangag pars of venices. Tne centre ot turning oops can be planted > @, Hammerhead Urring places STO me ony cuiabio or car. Toy ate not nocessary wer tho road is more than 6 m wido, which ean aso incuce garage Forecourt orfootpa cossinos ee = 389PARKING FACILITIES. Mut-sorey Car Park Regulations Aecouing i theGaace ut strey ea pat Requatiens, mall fat parks aro of = 100 mF, near ea parks 100-1000 me ane lamas ear earks =1000 mi Usable ates. Uneeraicund ear pak ate defines as having the oot level 1.30 m Below ground lal. Large mutstory ear parks must hive separate access snd sults. Thay are ceatec near large wate concantiatons Ins hos a stations, sports, sheppirg corres, theatas, cinemas, fees, miistatve baleings ana lrg residentia uldngs, Median nd age ult storey carpaks mustbein easy aessibla orcas. Such car parke must hve a clear height of min 2.0m in ane Sand char bulcrg elerents The grourd foc fs goneraly ghar, Escape retes of max 0 maro requ tothe stars or outs For vans the elarheight is 2.50, bee leaings according to ‘whic cannot be closed, Icing drecty into the cpen a th & opposite all at @ maximum dlstance of 73m. These provide CConearring the minimum dinension er acces, ents are inal routes these mist moude r9 sosce fr staring to dive round & iva Partly wherstam jot intral outa ant ang, Slt oom must ba prosded or to staal diving ound he Corner and the retvart minimum raci must be comple! wth. ust aso 26 possbis or lagar care fo arve In ad out wthout mancsuwrig prosasses > g. $03. The penned afc routeing Trustaiwaye ae checkea aganst mh olevanesweptcuns, Criteria fo the quality of multi-storey carparks: Te sone af he fagaces of mul story ear aor shoud ft wo that surouncincs. The facade olovtion can alsa be usesfor other functons, fo exarapioasoffeas > @. Further tai: etegrsion into uban planning coherence, salu lghina and ventlatan, agecring, uicompleatad system for charging fees, good sooses te public wanspert ~ Park ard Rid, Safe operation ‘equitemerts, veual contact with tha outdo, vii though the siorey, estnetive marking! parking spacos to hab visters © cariscraa stra sem sedans 394‘ee | PERGOLA AND TRELLIS. Pergelas Design aspectsof peraolas and trelises Inaletion othe selsenano\amareral othe planred pergolats postion winin he outosr area roads o be conser caret Cre pera form saaces simost ike bling, aya oul be justified by or uncten or pariclraesthote valu. Pergolas can lsat pecial places oiewgoints(ineer arrangement, arcane sod to dito spaces and/or ating area Poin arangoront Porgolas wih climbing plars should be taled in accordance with be particule chaactertes af the intone plant iepacing af Sipps fr climbing ar inci plas, J pergola is a roer-foring resto columns 0 pars. The verticals canta macony lars > Qe simple erbor ~ @.enbe urihs ro ured, they soul be prctctes aganet damp fom the groine 510°. a consiucton conoraly appear ghee hoover constuction is tinner or foter than ‘he vericas. Wt sould bo anfectin advance whet dbig plats ae to be noted, ‘Trolises 20 supports for cimbing plants ard ca also be usad asa ual barier, Espaler trained iit tees we elmsiealy gros against fagaces The supports aremosty made of wead + @- @. 0 O- \When sesaring support sytem for cimbng plans, ation shoul be paid fo the growth Neght of the inteeded cimbers, 25 the uppormost wire may. for exam, ret be reached by tho pants. is genoaly advisable fo consider tho architectural oect Dt the fagade witout plants, The asic docison 6 between rear fn ta area gromth aecorsng flaca condone © rmreertengen — @ reatatuennivany — @ mptitains rng aac 1 Pa HT j 4 Hy a ai TTT es if Be 4 5 | i i ratte @ masse tnelanmr eee eerie, fe fee i ee © ownncioorecirengensurcrapts nea 8 432ay © recientes ental mea Sehr ase yamne Gomin ce era [PREC —(6D anyon [ona eo © oemswarnactsone 470 RENEWABLE ENERGY (CHP Block Heating and Power, Fuel Cells com 14 power {CHP} ste combined production ot esting and mechanlalenagy, wich is concertedinta elect gore, Th bea Kenai goreroon a ctl energy and the exsoitaon ol the Fea, which sales produced at Stine te: Smale etalatone For one more bulge) amtusion motors 0” gas oie stead ofthe waters ‘block hesting and power system asmallpowe statin, which troskaunslectty and spas eaing athe sun re, non 2 Simin or rir CHP sytem Tho se oa bck hating a power the eregy priced byaCHP aysem cerasteof aban elect ar at The vale ony drand fringe coring to tne fay aa sas necensate the sng fhe eck hath td power eyetam according to aecticy of hertng carend, the Bock hating and power sym is dese to est Peaing demand, hen exceea ect fed ino the hi and eety ik cantuned wan fe ge wher the outta. the ck Istng and pone yao is signed meet lett demand then excees heats etd ina butler cynder anda extra ole isreared when fe het priced sas Bick heaing ard peer sstons are mosty designe to mest the heating demand. The precondition is thatthe uve of Pest and det demand aganst ine fs known forthe baling of oneviner group Far the design of new resiceta buildings, the demand ean be estimated faty acoustaly using chance curves. A block heating anc power aystom wil nomial prodice trough heat o meet hase quienes andexcers electri Is fed ia the ail thousn an edna! meter The heating demand Bf peak tes shen mel by an atonal soure ef Heaing. Block heating aid power sjeters are avaiable in varus ses the snallst medels for sngle houses fon approx. 2 KW of slecrcl power and powered by &fow-sicke of Sting eter {mer-CHP) sal pants up to 30 KW can be ted far blocks af upto ir hats irs CHP, Compact block heatng and poser Systems cover the range up io 400 KW, above thal lage systema fe needed. The space requ fo a min-C-P system from 5.5 AW eectsiy ouput i mfr $8 KWE'S 07, and any areas for sdeionalheting bolls shoud be added For retlton indulge, aust ar ply ar ectrect openings should be pected ard the exhaust ppe ortnued fo stove the foot The stem sod eter be encypalcted as @ module or sufficenty ound inated tween fsa ed aceuped rome Fuel coll produce slestictyanaheat out of water and yerogen ina verse lectolysu voces, Thay cansietot lectradeatanada And cathode) ard an eleetoyte, Ths separates the eectodes nd te rescton paer supple Fuses generat CC, wich te concertd int AC an veri The wae eet canbe aed for space hesting through a soo crt, Hreogen a prodused trom natural gue or metharememan! in a'etorner Uke CHP systems, fel eels produce eaccty and haat smuitinecily, But wtnout mechanlas pars or rasa ‘wth a CHP sytem, the selecion cf the comet fue ee san be bese etner on ene or hexng emand, ana Be same way design o cover tase had wih an allenatve source fr the pod.cton ir penk as asesibe, Teexces ante suet ont canbe used ove an absrain refigeratn machine Fuel cola we dretentaied acconing (a opetaing tempeatires thighempersture,lortempeature fuel cela) and ezcrote used Lowrempaatute fist cos ae ated) aatebe or sats bung pstons ike Hecke of fits or aa commerce, bu hgh tcp ees prccal eying appeators bene thay pracibe sett and heat ngs uantes and the hgh terptities hee lob dered brougr bp ie na ne code. Fel cele are sua or upgrading ard new ralBUILDING PHYSICS “harmal naulaton 475é | j sooner A © erry ste ttn nr ENERGY PASS to wsinna ‘soy dened comers vt et a 476 BUILDING PHYSICS Thermal Ieuan Enerey pass Aecouing 12 he Energy Saving Regdation (ENE), energy ass must be issued vin a spected period fad wih ceramn Tmitaions, for new buldigs and for structural atestions. in annection with which energetic calcuations are caries out for the ene tuidig. Namally this aso applesto exsting ouldngs that se fr sale or a new let (hte se exceptins, 29, lsted bulngs Thesnergypasedocunentstheenergy demanderconsumpion ofa tadiry and witha grphis evluntion ee @)iprovides simple conperaon with an average simlar buiding ‘The procedure forthe determination of the energy figures inthe nergy pass i laid daun by ENEV: energy demand ia pocerted 58 amual pmaty ene-gy demand and final eneray demand, and nergy consumption a the anergy conaurspton lus Primary energy demand shoe the overall ney efttiency of the supply chain (eg. vestigation, ertactor, dlstbuton, pain to alow demard and thus to hgh aneray efciency and Shavgy uss uhich eign on rsocioae ath anvtoniment Final energy demand is tne snus anegy requirement for heatieg, ventlaton a hot water in non-residents ung aso for e2oing ana igntng) accorcing tothe Yeciica ules ana s 3 measure othe energy eficlency ofthe bulking and its faces Teohralogy Low values signa aw demang and rus ign ancy sfceney. These haus ate calcuatedan the basis of construstion and other bulding-eated documents and escume standardsed conditions (9. clase daa, user benavou inoor tempertur. In this the energie quay ef a tuiing should be documerted independent of the user behaviour and weather stuston, but the calculcted alues pamit no forcast cl the actual egy onsumpon en account ofthe sandasised condtions. based on the eating and hot wator cos! invocing, Climatic heating to convert the to an average value for Gerrany. The cneraycoroumpion value doce gv anindiston ef ho snargcis {ually of Me Bulding and ts heating system, bus thers can be bbenavoursof tne veers EnV 2007 contains ints annexes samples of energy passes for residential and non esdontal uicings > ©. Enory passes 50 have to be dispayed for pubic bulings > 1000 me. They are issued by qualied nesttal uling experts and se vai for 10 years bullng’s energetic propor, thaco are appended to te ona} pass as a maderiestion raconmendation, The aneqay nase brings advantages whon markethg a building, ofers spur to investment anc provides acditionl cern for docisions nt buying or renting.@ fcrpstmevatatce BUILDING PHYSICS Roam Acoustics Primary structure of rooms: “The dengn ofthe primary structure of a oom she most importa acouste desi oiteron. Eary sido telecon ate subjective ensdaed tebe butter tan cating elacions, even wth vy 19) ‘ay tines Because othe asymmetry a he seausticlmpresson, beoause the two sore recene eiferent signs. Narrow, high Fooms with structured, geometicaly reflecting wale and ditusey reflecting celngs ae therefore the mes snp er roam, “The volume requled for good sound depends on the purposs ofthe rom (urbe 482 0), Guideline valve ars nYperach for Speach and 10 mS person for eoncet) musi. tha volume is 09 Room shape Fer muse, nurow, high ooms with struc wall eat side rolectens) st pariculty sutable. Neat the sodum, reectan Suflaces are necessary fo eary ital elections and the alancs fftheexchesta. The Back wall of the foam shed nat ease any Felectens towards the podium, because this could Fave an ecto tact Parallel, unstuctud autacee are to be avoided in order 1 nt fatter echees through multpe retectan — ®. Previdirg fods nine walls wth angos of 5° can remove the gral efoct, ard achive atusea etactiors > ©. ‘ceuings sone toad te couns ino tne beck the auatonun, lard must be shaped accordugly ~ @ — @. I the shape af the Gating is untavourabo, ms causes geal Tuctuators of Youme ‘hreugh sound concenttions Less favourable ate rome with sce walle becoming futher pa ‘weak > @. The dsaciantaga con be compenssted for wil ‘vonal reflective surfaces (inbery step) In tne om ot ‘nea folding ofthe walls t guida the soura (eg. Bern and ulogne Phinatmctics > ©, tofen prdblematic for music. The location of the podium sau room tchareer musi), podiums along the leng wal ae ao ppesmibe (Beethoven chive > @}- Poslums must Be cloary sed cbovethe level a the foor inorder fo assist grec sound Banking of to sets is algo scousically advantageous eifom, Togacthie opal > @. al SN yy © oeoceinson arranges 483— o ‘insio. Osmemersa 492 DAYLIGHT The comectalgrment af a bulling ar ite windows 1 he sun in order to cxpat is beneteal tects or To pride grotecion sgaiet ie excensivo heat, © decsve for he pactcally of & bldg, Sunshine emzring al rooms n the uty ara ete, tnd & the morning, is dase, Sunane a iy and the sierroon inet August snot deeeaie, Cones alignment af the Balding “> @ -@ an the appropnate contraction measures > @ - @ can ful these equsemen's. Te fam of window reves ane giazng ba: proties shuld nol undly mpaithe ety fof sunlight, Pigh windows alow the aun to shine deeply into room rp. 198 breeteg suit E t © ein ‘Shi actaneng anand|cotera—[enniege —leorevo leer "laizaa I bs : © egy mantis Doreen Pearce secertsncr cpena the mvan tmsane tier 498 DAYLIGHT ualiy ctr luminance, desre of reflsetion and colout rendering The mtorasion af thace garamoters of dayght has a eat influence 07 the brightness nside a roem. Inert fl eran viaual tase, varus levels cf durimanee are requted, eccordng to thetypeot acuity» suifates ofthe inter has fo be apprepias for tho vial tasks is Giecty dopardent on the dagoe of election of the surfaces ra tho cifterontarangemonts of windows inthe fagade > @ > P4080. ‘Tho nitty (of tho dayight nth interior shous be &= Da Dae 8 Fer Ighing fom snrdows > @. ard G = 12> @ er lighting from atcve, Tis gonoraly determines the charactors tight estouten inher oth igting mos norm because the ight densty athe zarith tee times geste han The enitomiy can be influenced by variation o! the following factor: = destoe of retetion i very Nighy = detecting the ight th sades = aangerent othe windows, tare ‘lori case by et and indinet fection tom surfaces ane byurfavowabie contrasts ofght densi, Measure o oid gare “extemal sun protection (shades) = alae prcectonnsge ané outs incombinaton with sun protection = mat suraces = erect prstoning of dayightxhancing lihting Shadow fermaton bo able toaifuntate obocis in tho oom = @. Neassoe ian han nen! tee foe nae = she peacion een inte nah ituecsee =O. Fiterinoring dayight a the underede ofthe tht opening wth tancusent ester, bgt ging of sar = daylight snhareng lighting (eg supporting structure) Sumary: quality criteria for daylight fram side windows Irie generally vost % implement ts above eayhglt quay fntora $9 35 1 cate sptia idontty. The sistrtution of Aayien in mene an the possbites of seeing oUt ate manly determined by the deaign of the fag atthe tansiion fom inetd 10 cuteds A staggered, mulilayered and at me ema time tranasaranttranston fom intr to extaor can cope ven me various requraments for dayight doing the changingSee Lie @ meron LIGHTING Lighting Layout Geometry af the lahting lout Tha spacieg of ls, betsen each ther nd fom the wal, fs ‘ote to om teat > @- O. The pete inidance of light onto object end areas of wal is between 30° opumal and (0" > @ -@. Tee shading angifor doviightoss betwen 30° je ight, adequate glare ptecton) ane 0" fdbep ight, Pigh gate proteion) » @, for fd les between 20" ane 40 D rrmercnsasrise eee © Werte 506 eee © vorizieccowin D eesraansny-ser20709af, Hes ca Sasa o-slaxing © Fro-esttan glaing of fre esstance class G (@-alzing is efined 95 tarsparert balling campovents arranged vial, hreined “or horkontaly, whch, comespanding #0. thee rsstance uration, ean prevent the apread offre and smote, but tthe tranemission of thermal radiation, Constuction “he mantactureof Glazing fs possible in th following forms: ~alass briis, DIN 18175. red glass wir a spe-veléed mash “expansive special teughered glass conbindion na double- glazed unt prestoseed boosicate glass, eg. Pyran, Scope of applcction Uneor bung regulatiens, C-gazng may be netaled only where rote are no higher requronents or fre pratectan reasons. A ‘ypicslareacf application forG-gssing isthe openings orlighing tating F 30 asthe sce wale ofecape rote. The lover age (ho glass mustin ne case D2 atleast HO abeve 1o0"o., tha in caso offre the condor maine usdbe in tha raciaan S-glasng also used in the facades of nighse butaings, lwhien are divided inte horsonts fe compartments in ordar { proventtames teaping tom stray 1 steey > p. 240. For buldings wi itarnal comers, hewover tho ushirdared spread teat oe window arsa ean be povatlod ely though he wee of E-gazing Fr-resiatant glazing units aa transparent bulding components consisting ef speci glass types sale pane size up 10 epprex. 120 x 2.40 m) in special thermally separated frame 516 FIRE PROTECTION Fre-Resstart Claning ronattctlons and, when installa in slid bung components ban sit te 480, £0, 90 or 120 min, coresponding To ter Classtiention Fie-mslatent plazing_uvite are bulleing components requiring approvals. The approvals are normaly obtained Linde building regulaiions for defined system constructions > shit shoud benotesfor externa appicatios, Fresasistant ghzing units re divided ito fre-resistance tlaseos under BN EN 13801-2 and DI A102 19+ ©. F-glaring Freesat olzing unit wth fieresetance cass F(-aleza) fe defined 2 transparent buiding components. aanged Yertially, inlined or herzontay, which, coresponding to thelr fe retistanew auration, can prevent the spread of fie land smoke, and also the ransmission of thermal radiation. There must be thermal fsolation forthe ete duration, which ‘ears tha the surface ofthe F-aazingtovara the fre may not hast ap by mote than a cetsin value (140 K)on average dung th time. Additonal, the stustural safe must be veiied with a strength fest under sellload. Feglring unite become fnague in ease of fia and Ushave tke walls for purses of Ire protection. Construction The manufacture oF glazig le puab inthe flowing frm = prestressed ghss panes consructedas doble-laze units woth tne apace fue wih an argane substance (ge wren Simutpan und of hres 6 four eat slase panes bebiesn which fe placed layers of inorganic conpasion (eg. sodium ‘lesa union protics the he-earaing ata, sporeval, dry wall parttions, masonry, relntreed concrete ce In the cose of «feo, the pane en the fie side turste and the sodium aleate tons, or the gel rite the fest of the re by telessng water (The gel fue consist of polymer, whieh fn organic salt salon with a high wnter content s bec in the prosance offre, fretmaly sulting elation ayer fs formed and eorsiderble quanti of enerdy ae coneumed This process repeats iso layer by layer unt the gel-type substance has been used up over the enfte saace between the panes: The comusticn precess atthe surface ofthe te ratetion ayer also colours the lass and makes it imperious tovadiation Scope of eppliation, Fegining ante are mostly uses incbore, but ere are 80 pechl developments and constuction for outdoor ise temperatures below the burning trough lst fer the eration in the the reastanee classiieston, hardwood ean be wsed forthe Frame a aaiion to 200 proties. For five resistance dase T dor, the sane requtements apply fo the glazing as wih re resistnee clase8 and DW standards BRITISH STANDARDS (85) Builing physiceand building protection mascurve centied) BSEN 1ose-72 BS.EN 12054 ASENISO a445 ASENISO 10011 PSENISO 19788 Finishings BSEN 1419 BSEN 1857 BSEN 1900 BSENat SEN 12005, Bsensoie |S EN G0021 BS EN oo508 SEN S02ES iP 2081 asaz0e-2 BSeN 19820 1 180 18292 BSEN 19089 Bsows Bs 5612 pseais BSEN 1051 Bs eNoor Bseaiz essone 552 ‘Tema ineloton podues fr buldngs Bulking compenents and balling laments — Thetnal oustance an thermal ransmitarce = Calculation method “Themal bids in aang construction, Hest flows ard surface temperatures Detaed eleuttions Hygotheral ertomance of baling components ad butaing elements Chimneys - Generalequremests Chimneys. Compenents Corerte fu tines Bulking hardware Lvor handles and knob furrture.Reauremers ard test methods Safety rise forthe consrston and inataltion ofits LUght and igntng. Basic tems and erteria or speciyng lighting ruiremonts Ineandeszont lamps. Safty spe=tication Ballets for tubular reszent lamp. Perormaree requirements Lominaves, Particubr requremants Enegy eficiensy of sects lam for howsehols wee A Guido» Emergoney Lighting Lighting fr buidings. Code of practic for aayintrg Thema perixmancs of bullings ~ Determination af air permeabily of bultings. Fan presarizaion ethos ney peronrance ot feretraon syssems or resdental balsings. Cateuationproceaure Shuttrs.Perlemance roqiremontshelueing salty Perormance of windows snd dors Sis and eopings. Speciation fr window ailsof precast concrete, cast stone, Claywa, slateand rata stone ‘Wintows. door and wots, ode prseico sty use suey sn ntaaon Festal of replacment eos nd ‘dorso incon Glass in bldg: Ges blocks and gass pavers Eas guters and tings madeof PVC. Defeitons,requrerante snd tenth Code of practi for ry tring and partionng sing gypsum plasterboard Woumsrip on bulking ale. Cede ofpractbe for pictovomcparitons ad dry ‘STANDARDS. Sang oN (GERMAN STANDARDS (01) ulleing piysios and builaing protection meaeires (onthned) Din EN 80 7545 Din ew 13160-72 DIN EN 150 e948 DIN EN I80 10211 Div en 180 1578 Fnistings iN EN 43 inv e160 DIN te25/18057 Din 15906 Din 15908 in 1209071 Din e035 DINEN 2408 DINEN 1698 Din s038 DIN 2085 INV r8079 Din EN 12007708 iN 2057 DINLEN 12000 In aoe Dine 612 in 16189 in #103 Thermalinsulson- Physical quanies and setnitons Themalinsulstion produets fr buldngs Buldingcomponenss ane bung omens ~ Tremalreaistinoe and thermal ransmitance ~Calcultton meted Thermal bridges in bulding construct, Hen lows and srtice temporatires, Detaled cleustons yprthermsl pctomanee of bing onponents sd bulcing elements CChemneys - Gener requrements hennes Bling hardware -Deorleverhandss, bskplates ae escutcheons /Secury plates Lite Passonger it in resiortalbudings Lite Passoraer Its in ron-residonia buldings and aed ts Lite Lt lancing doors Artcaligntng LUght and ighing ~ Lighting of workoaces LUghing appietions = Emergency lping Darlghtin ners Windows Fler shuts, awrings, ling doors and other binds and shttorin bulsings Windows and door - A permesbily Concrot wineows Windows and doors -Resstance to wind load Clasticatien Glass bbek walls: constuction ane imensining Eayos giters with bead-stifore tents and rainwater pipes with seamed nts made of metal shoot Partions and wal rings with aypsum boards on meal raring intemal nom leadbearng pattionsConversion cry CONVERSION OF UNITS CComverson Tables 560ry Aborevitions 1 AAbnorptian aren 462 $85, csens 19, 148 ‘Access principles 139, ‘evonsble howsing 22 Acsosibe parking place 2%, 22,23, ‘Acscon’ andl amergoncy 291, 299 ‘caustic reflstr 21 ‘onustice 220,221,225 ‘Additonal teemieal contact cendltons 61 ‘dnnistaton 233 Advertsing dpiays 502 Aeoplare category 423 ‘ircondtonig plant room $21 Aircurtan 116 Airgop 50 ‘irhandiog equipment 31 Airhumiiy 37 ‘irrciultion system 520 Sirteminal 465 ‘rsa systems 530 Aivonne sound 478 ‘Aebomne oud ination 477,478 ‘Aiport regulations 418 Bil, teat 212 [Algamentphotovotaics) 487 ‘il purpase room 32 Aner 208 Alphabat, Grok t ‘ar 228 ‘tar rail 208 Ar steps 25 ‘Ntematie sence 38 Anwotlc devioos 902 ‘Anasylose 50 ‘anal ilfar Law 465 ‘annual rantng enety demang.i:a ‘Apaleaton documents, balding pamit $9 ‘Apion farpor 419,422 pon theatres 212 Apron cerwoyor 267 ‘pron roadway 422 ‘Aquarium 229| arcade 264 Archasclogy Archary 348 Archives 237,252 INDEX ‘chives room 298 ‘rea of edna building regulations lapor) £17 ‘rea pay doce tah 257 ‘mmehair Lb ‘on Hakodesh 260 ‘eay 250 ‘teaching 192 ‘aca ce ek 268 ‘Aasited flat the eld 168 ‘Asymenatca bare (gym) 368 ‘Av gad crossing 381 ‘leis 226, ‘rn pou 148 Aadionce row feat) 212 ‘Auitorum 188, 200,211, 212 222,218, 222, 23 ‘autobahn 372 eiaion Lawes, 618 sition Nols Law $18 ‘Avard procedure (contrat 1 ‘uniog 00 ait £88,490 Baby rand plane 1 Baby ward 308 ‘Backng-up 6rainage) 527 Bick-ventaton 473, Brdminon 922,85 Bakery 279 ‘king table 190 leony 186 ‘Bal ealhing area owing) Ses {all cunboard 357 El tewing safety (ass) 109 Balt 216 lusradehaight 20 Bank tormaton earthwork) $52 Banquet 70 ‘ar ean fscheaung) 82 Bar 406 ‘Bar (chickors) 455 sc module 35 ‘Breement tanking 72 Basic servic (contact 57 Basie 5 unts 2 Bath 15, 160 Batter angle 67, 428, 482 Batteries 10 Battory tank 535, videINDEX each fetta tennis 822 Beschhandoat 322 Beach volerall 522 eschminton 322 Beamgnlage 91 ea it 123,208 Bedroom 282 Bal parameters 257 Bal seeweget 257 al tower 287 Bel weight 267| Benches 67 Betin vention $99 Bicycle room 105 Byte stars sas Bicyol storage/arking 962,384 Biot Billo quantes 61 Ditards 357 Biogas 465 Bologcal engineering 490 Biomass 405 metric Wenteation 157 Bure tacking 72 Doords ooture Heute) 201 Biock development 138 Block neat ane power sysem 236,410, Blood samples aking 200 awxcer Boat storage hall 338 Boathouse 828 Bob track 384 | Boces at Body eutront density 46 Bocy measurements 25 Bookeneles 202,247, 043 Book ranaporfvstom 240,260 Book alley 250 Bored pio systom oF Boulter wal (lerbing) 360 Bouncary frequency 477 Boundary relerence 35 Bowing aly 261 Box theatre 271,223 Box partition thorses) 458 ox roam 182,177 Boxing ring 388 Bramble, wie support 37 Break in esstance 107 =. Breallast place setting 174 Breakwater 394 Broocing cage (nbbits $62 Bcktormts 75, Brckayingbond 75 1S (GriichStancards) 548 Bulldng biology 35 Builang costs 25 Bulldng description 53 Bull drawing 8 Bulking olement coating 242 Bulking erveiops 404 Bulldng excavaton 66 Bulldng excavaton batter 67 Building law eas 56 Buildng mass number 63 Bulking erentaton 21 Dutting pet appction) 59 Bullng preferred numbers 34 Buildng researen 53 Bulking soviees 522 Bulldng supervision 58 uit environment 46 Bullet procl ges 107 Burgi alam atoms) 17,118 Burd eating electrode 486 vs cimensions 409 Bushiayerng 480 ce Cable conrocton 15 Cable conveyor 287 Gabi 2 Cable run (laygeoun) 180, calé178 ‘AFH (computer asited fcilty management) 49 Camping and weekend sto 187 Canes ressarcheente 206, anos 938 Capiary water 71 Car por 165 Caragame mactine Cae 308 tf Cao ae 29%, 295 Care neme 169 Care f contagious chiren 208, Careraom 109 Care unit 208 Carpenters shop 275, Cara 242, Caecade 413cash desk 238 ashpoin 253, (Gas lass an Castiron adatr 5 Gating 186 #314 Canty wale 75 (OCT strveilnce 17 ‘ceting erases | Ceting gi 2 ating Fear 534 Ceiing ighting 502 Geting epening 8 Going var 505 Cel passage ortary 24 Gonotor 424 425,428 Geta checkout 257 Genta eyleder 137 Genta vention system 599 Central washing-up area 317 CCentalzed lock autes 117 Cente forthe alder 178 CGentre-turg éoor 10 Conta-tne retro 35, Geramicfloorcovemng 84 ‘Oran! 285 CGrandoler parte pan tracing) 22, CCranging arse 969,264,967, 38 ranging room 272 Changing roar bereh 368 CCranging stavon (lay! 403 Onargeabe costs 57 (Checkout chan 257 COhwekout with foes belt 257 Cheken coop 452,655 Ghckonkeepig 447 CChckenkeening in small groups 455, (Chiles bod 12 CGhlerons after schoo! caro 788,189 CChlerans care 208,310, CChransdayeare conte 18,189 Chere tonns cout 327 CCiled team $30 CGrmney 982,957, 98 (Chor ctssing ror 238, (Choi rbearel room 217 (Choi senting 220 (Chur buidng 235 Geema 222, 223, Crema reat 223, Grculatiog chain coweyer 267 INDEX (Creviating parker 88 reus 227 Gres ing 27 Cistorn 438 CyLigit poser $17 Cssiosm sea 181, 122 (Geanroom isorstory 208 Ghent a3 CGimateim anmal housing 497 Cmataregion 474 CCimbing se 499 ‘cma nat 960 (embing pare 438, Clenbig ase 4 Cinbing staubory 404 Cmbing Winding plan rae) 32 (nical mesieal ence 290, CCaskroam stating 354 Chines iocker 1,272,385 thes storage 1, 188 Cibhouse 3:2, 338 Ccister (classrooms) 195 Coarse grave 428 Cobigat 320 caftn a2 Cold fagade 12 Cold laboratery 208 Cel peroning 181 Cold oot 2 Cllecion of basic information 58 CCaloctin,rnaseun 207,208 Callocter pipe $22 Cato 190 Coloane versation 539 CCoour 11,307 Colour ccie3 Colour reproduction 495, 88,498, (Combi steamer oven 182 [Cemeiraton poo! 358 CCembicad branch pps S24 CCombiced eat and power (CHP) 467 Cembiced lage fide (athotiog 324 Cembiced peo 365 CCembired anspor teak 418 Commentators cabin 318 Communal as ethoo} 104 Cammunal chegjng room poo) 262 Community hospital 312 CCempactktchon 150 azz videINDEX Compact sauna 572, $73 Compact storreem 250, Competition sage (spa) 363 Complex layout taseten) 28 Composit ator 37 Computer site raming 20 ‘Computer dpay 20, Computer om 191 Computer workplace 181,206, Concentrated fed farm) $4 Concert gran piano 11 Concert hali219,220, 221 Concrte retaining wal (Condon roo 958 Conductor fighting) 486 Confeencearea 238 Connection value (dairage) $22, £23 Conservation 50,51 Constucton costs 3 Constucton produc lat $12 Constueton and iting ra 208 CConstucton foo: area ’3 Contaner eight 280.419, Continious conveyor 257 Contact avard 61 Cont! of davgre 406 Convector 51, 835, 538 Convector in recess 53¢ Conversion 50,54 Conveyor bait 267 (ook and ex 181 Cooling parewatie energy) #80 Cooling ceiing 5:0 {ooing pau oom 316 Cooling oom (sauna) $84, 285 Cooperation diagram (rospah 203 Coordinate, Cartesian 20, Cocrinaes, pol 20 Coordination system 35 Coping (wal 431 Cord plant traning 2 Comection factor iin) £00 Correction tactor abe 308, Corrs with 148 Cost caution 6 Cost estimate 8S Cost forecast #5 Couch if Counts 250, 260, Cour guen house 199 =. ivory) 20 Cow abies 457 Cow pen 57 Comehad 458 Creche 18h, 188 Cremation oom 428 Crockery return 120 rout ployng net S21 Gross bone 78 Crossing igh 08 Cubile 367, uo Folder 357 Culnator | Cuig 345 Cutan wal 78,285 cueut® yee way 382 yete way nt o84 Syetccrose347 (yclepeanmascnry 74 Oyelramascafld 222 Gylinger ook 117 > Daly farming, cows 47,457 Dark oom 22 Day centafor tha leet 168, Daylight 485, Day are, mum 102 Dayight istbuion 86, 457 Dayight curator 290 Daylight ring 48, 96,497, ds Dayiaht quotions 463,495, Daybh-erhaneng tahting $96, 52 Deanary trverty) 158 Deckaccets 1 Decoratvebond 78 Decorative wal 204 Deop tank nial was} 455, Deep wate zone pond) 451 Dagte of tlecton #6, 507 DDegres of sounansoption 4&2 DEHOGA (German hot! assoeatbn) 112 Demeliton #6 Doparimont store 254 Depee 207 Descipton of watks 61 Design 42,58 Deniz value (hermal nso) 7 Desi ventiation 203 Dectnaton for conta ystem (I 120 Detached touse 128, 148INDEX Darchethaie ccs 108 Dini 7,2 Desches ning coven 99 Oninage 72,498 Deal cawinged Dainese oer? Dente 0 nines pve 12 Dorelopront tan $6 Dine eye 522 Die Dring boad 19 Dio papas Dawing edge retresen Dest generar a 665 Dang conection Die rflocton 4 Bawing papas Sine ne Dawing stad Dimon ican archos 2 Dmg, get patie 18 Dinensoning, 2 Baeage 2 ineneeing et prawo 523 Diana Dimon 82 Dig ough As, 460 Bin {ace hee for Gurdon Stance val fing tem 88 Dring 18 Diveincnona 226 Ding se 14, 174 Dy fod Ste hae a Dy serge marina 303 Dhar aco (nna 50, 28 Dy sone wal 41 Dicharge anes bike Dhar ation tage) 533 Sg a Dmemerce Zo Ding pt 80 Dweling acsssibe 23,24 Doriectne Dyna top (rams) 407 Oiehwachor 161,179 Display re) 207, 208 e Dieturbanco leet enema) 222 Dining boars 260, Earth ter syst 455 hing faclives 965,366 anh poss 70 hing poo 2 Farthing lorries 495, 408 oto’ practce 280 Eerhing ape 488 Donkey 450 Earhart #20 (oor 10,125,126, 127,128 eho at oor in eno. pee ning 114 Ecologia faming 437 Door teat 134 Elsie oor constriction 352 ‘oor wit recessed ame 114 Elecvoal corsume’ applances 14 (orm window 85, 102 Ehcvea dave 6 Double ted 13 Elect instalation 14,15, 16,917 Double towing alley 383 Elsvocardiozam 200, Couble checkout 267 Elscvochromatic its 2 Double church 286 Elctoces igining) 485.488 Double cinema 228 Ehetromagnetic ld 28 Deable gorage 165, Ehetronieaceene onto! 17 Double grave #25 lsevorie meane ef derieaton 117 Doble om 222 Energency ext 117 DDoubie nk 1,191 Emergency power room i658 Doble washtssin 1 Energeney sahease 246 Double window 10 Energeey supply bosptal 297,209 Double-dacke it 120 Enptyig eound 480 Dovecot 452 Erd pressuro70 Doves 452 Erd-beain se 70 Downhole heat exchanger 469, Edoseopy 238 Downlight 50 Erergy 88 Drsting machine 16 Erergy coneumption value 20 Dragen voat 539 Erergy Saving Regulation EneV) 99,471,474 vide zaInde INDEX Energy supply concept 68 English bond 76 Entrance fl) 146 Envaroe (shop 256 Enty of sung a2 Envelope are tctr 625 Envrenmerial impact Assessmont 18) 418 Equinox 40 [ulpmient mom po) ia Equipment room sports hall 381,352 Ergonomic eoueh 374 Escaltor 126, 259, 407,415 Escaltor wath 128 scape route 7,139, 261,246, 85, 511 Escape route wath 197 Espaler wire 422 Europatot 238 Evacuation plan 217 Evacuation me 28 Excavation suppert 67 Exercise pool 37 Est tai 255 Exporinantlthsto 217 Extension line Z Ester dec Sab Exterral work, ing symbols 6 Extraction sem 520 Fagags vention ystems 531 Fac maagement a, 08 Fall protection tiv) 319, Falingdoor 12 Family charging wom $62 Fail rave 225 Fay sau 373, Farmar 449 Fast ead ovtet 177 Fattonng ballook 155 Foderal Envenmontal Agency (FEA) M2 Foo Rugulatone for arcitecs and Engiowers HOA ST Fee zone 57 Feed mang station 454 Feed rick 453 Feeding pen 469 Feeding ttle 486 Fences 242,430, Fences, obligations £30 Fencieg pis 321 Footepilnaue (Boyrouth oper house) 210 Fa bara 40 Field of view 40 80 Freid of vison 40 Fling 232 Fit enh 43° Fing and epg soured £80 Fiterveneh $38 Final energy domand £25, a2 Final water opt oe} 307 Finger ber restaurant) 178 Finge postion, cares 22 Finish dmensons 24 Finishing beet ete 486 Fire arm systor 118, Fire rigade 288 Fire compartmert 255, Fire comparmert wallS19 Fire coor 6 Fre nazar class) 220, Fe prevention 511 Fire propagation speed 519 Fire protection board 14 Fire potecion gazing 111,516 Fir stay highvise 206 Fre sicingdoor 130, Fire-reitant door eet517 Fish counter 263 Fh shop 261 Festal a0 Fitness rom $58, 359 Flat rot 91 Flat eot access 120 Fiat sang systern 288 Flat water zone 442, 444 Fioper(pinbo game) 7 Floating quay 333 Froathg seed 23 Floodlighting 508 Floorconstucten 352 Fleorcupboard 151 Floordowrlighte 805 Floor oyrrastics hal $52 Floorslab $0,203 Foor aren ratio 63 Flowing Foor pan 143 Fhuorescer tubes 902 Fy bo skatopoaraing 346 Fedde £48 Fdlr beet 449 Fodder hanast 49 Fedder provisions 439 Fool pone 458 Folders 4 Folding door 118, 256, Folding sekome idrawing] 5Folding sot 201 Foltiog sizes awh 5 Folding stars 122 Font 285, Food serving system 162 Feet diinfecton pent $63 Feotballpitch 318 Footpath 382, 35 Fork ack 8, 82 Foal nner place sting 174 Feuncatons 8, 60 Framework fr Climbing ants 432 Free ow 13 Freezer 151 French curves 18 Frentosder 418 Fustcetaza Fueltype Fume heods ai un pipe (ckatsboaing) 288 Fuctiral agnosis 200 Functional evel 12 Funeral wom 425 Furnishiea shop! 260, Furniture area tai 295, Galery excess 144 Gane dealer 285 Garage 188 ‘Gaon pond 492 Gashoaing blr 18 Gasinstalaton 18 Ges meter 18 Gas pipe 18 Gas storage vater heater 16 Gas supply 16 Gas supply plant room 318 GGastonorm system 179, 183 Gage fray dR, 440,414 GEFMA German Faciity Managomeat Associaton 48 General care ward <0? (Gerecalnosptal 221 General technical contract conditions 61 Geothermal ealectr 469, Geothermal heat exchanger 829 lar 495, 496, 499, Glare tation 507 Glare prevention 498,296, 409 Gre prevention ange 3 lise 108 GGuss propsrtas 104 INDEX Gobel ition 494, 50% Goat de Goat keoping 483 ont sta 453 Golden seciorato 30,22 (Goede and undertbor it 194 (Goods raffe 413 ‘Goode wagon 415 Goose see Gooseterry bush 7 Gab bam a9 Gade-oparsted cussing 281 Gand iano 1 Giass ole polo 3t Give 5 Gavel ze Giavestone 25, eat al very) 198 Gheek aphabet 1 Geen ingace 433 Goongocer’s shop 261, Grennouse 647 ora 2 Gi dimension 240 (Ge tating 908 (Gel mete 240 Gioss uit viume 2 Geundtaiuee 67 Geundmosure 71 Ground source energy 469 Goundtranspor etwon 419 Gioundaateraquier 36 Groundiatersampie 67 Groundeatertabeg7, 68 Groundeator wall 459 (Group box (horse 450 Gioup efce 233, 29, Geup 0m (shed) 191 {rou room, chilkdrn's daycare cen ‘Grouped oom too: pan at) 15 Guest havse 173, (Guest oom 173 Gutter 62 {Gymnastic bench 53 Gymnastic horse 353 Gymnastes hal 382 4 alt pion 248 Faloges ightbulo 50 Hammer throwing £28,324, 926 videInde INDEX anda 920,928 anaig axpor) 421 Hane hetght 120 Handel orofie #22 Hands-off (200) 25 Hands-on (to) 20 anger rot 88 ay 439 Hay tomer 489 Header course 78 Hearse 421 Heat exchange 411 est gain 5 Heat les £73, 475 eat pump 488 Hoa aye 434 Foatig 488, 5321 eating ol storage £35 eaurg room 18 Featig suraces 529, $52, 53, 538 eatg sytem 832 Heawy horse 459 Hen 452 Hexagon 20 Foxagoral classroom 195 High tart igh mp 228,324 igh lo 9 High-presoire discharge lamps 499 igh-tse nutng 242 High-ise butting regulations 246 Hinge trap conveyer 257 Hinged easement 10 inged door 258 Histore butting iat 52 HOAI Fee Fegultions or Architects and Engroor 60, 37 obj wor (schaob 195, eckey 220 Hometor the ely 168 oneysuckle 408 op 434 onzenta storage archives) 25. oriental rte respital 298 Horientoscone 403 Horse, 159 Forsekesping, salvia groups 459 Horseshoe throwing 22% spit 201 Not kichen 189, Hot water rind 529, Fotalibby 171 Hotel eom #71 882 Hot desk’ offi 294, 209 House sauna 372 House senices 28 House supp conection 16 Houang area 133 Housing area racustione 87,18 Housng subsidy epultions 25, Hurise aes, 305 urn ack 325 Hydrangea 434 yale enginsring constuction 334 Hycretc it 32, 183 CAO (International Cai Aviston Organsation) 41 lee dancing 385 Ico heckoy 34 lee skating 344. 62 Impact pare 99 Impact sound insulation 479, Ineiaca paying crea 368 Inatan nore ptaygroung) 180 Ineidual dmensone 44 Iroc thats al 355. Inder eye pole 320 Indeer foots 221 Inedoer nandaal 220, <1 Indoer hockey 321 Inder pubic pos! 262, 285,368,360 Indio 46 Inet basing 285 Ines doors 113, Incusral tucks 267 Ines uvt buleing 263 Industry 27 Inn wth food 178 Instaation shaft 28 Inauisted gazing $08, 109 Intensive car area 201 Intensive medicine 208 Intensive treatment roam 90 Intra lating 90 Intra dece 34 Interraialation 22 Intuton detection Lat Intnson detector 119 Invesigation and treatment oom 30 180 A pape formats 31 yaa voi 00 928 ave throwing 328,324 sonar) 216,274 K Kayak 389 Kiegrar 865 irdergaten 188,169 irdergaten set-snootcare tas Kitchen 149 1, 368 Kitchen aoa 179 kitchen bar 164 Kitchen tings 158 Kitchen oe 150, Kitchen wth ing area 150 kivarho mettod 22 L Laboratery 208,291, {avoratory bench 204, 205 Lstoratary equipment 20k Laboratery weekplace 208,208 Labyrinth aycut fmusour 208 adder feed rece 454 Laminated ols 18 Lamp sot Lamp systome 801 Lame type 809 andl 585 a use plaring 36 Land use reguation 58 ana use plans Landing 220 Landingsiep 410 Landsoase design «27 Landscape protection support plan 418 Lane ewing 253 ardor 285 aig restaurant ken 180,181,182 Lame sib pang £95 Laige-area spreader 448 Latice team 87 Landry 203,282 Laundry supp roepta 315, Lawn a3 Laying co0p 452 Laying most 482 INDEX Leyout factory bung 268 Layout pian, offi 68 Lead wat 980 Lect 285| Lecturetheate 108 Lecture thea aecting 291 LED lamps 2 Lending eourtoriorary) 250 Lting offen space 223 Level, leveling foundations) 68 Levels rawinas) & rary 190,202,259 Lie raving las 188 aguas com 388, Liter 128 Li contol 18 Lit emergency calsyston 119 Lt group 248, Lt machiner roan 801 Litas 120, Lit glazed 194) Liting podium 212 Legh 363 Lpht bend 02 Light bub Sot Lght colour 207 Light eeflecton 108 Light density contest 48 Light cretion 507 Light deme 103 Lug mang mates 607 ght repreduetin 307 ght shit 496 Light ransmitance 204 ght ype 508 abt al 330 Lighting 5104 Lighting calevlator 508, Lghingintersity 207 Lighting lvel807| Lgnung symbots 201 Lighting type505 Lightnirg protection 16, 45 Lightsrg protection zone 487 Line type 2 Lear ecceterator 208 Linoar chaining assur) 208 Linear concept (argon $19 near srt (oo St LUnon cupboard 155 a3 videInde INDEX Liquid sary 480 Liquid slurry charm 450, Usted baiting protectin 52 Ustense cue 198 Lrurgial element 285 Load:beaneg corstuction 98 Loading wal 260, Loaaing yard 40 Loam #28 Lebo house) 147 Lock sate 17 Lot window 102 Loa cabin constriction 78 Logatam 42 Lonaie 158 Long snd pe jump pi 325 Long spit el 05 | Looe yout msm) 220, Loudspeaker 203, Loudspeaker pox 226 Low and high presse vention faborstriog) 204 Low-tmokelayers0 Low-tempetureheaing 409 Low-voltage halogen imps £02 Luminance $09, 07 Luminance dstetion 807 Luxury hotel £73 Machinery ond equipment hall fam) 448 Magnet fx ders 38 Hain cordor 200 Hain stand 318 Hantenance(auiding) 50 Makeup 238 Makeup orst 258 Hake roam 218, anger element «58 Harine 328 Massage couch 290, $14 Mawage room 37, 374 ast eable 13 Haterty 254,900 ‘Matematica! symbole | Heasuring tick €6 eal processing plant 278 Heces 209 Mechatronic cylinder eck 117 Hedia cent schoo! 193 Media desk lecture these) 201 Heetng roam 178 Heating zone 235 oroury vapour emp thigh preeeue) 502 Mercury vapour lamp flow presute) 502 884 Mercian degree 556 IMERO spasetrame 24 Mosh convayor 257 ‘Mota vapour habgenbigh-aressie ln 502 Matawwore278 Miro brewery 258, Mike 288 Mina 260 Minor pos! 374 Minizure gol 323 Mirai 330 rach wali228 Mid iter drainage 72 Mixed masonry 74 Mobi chat unit fersives) 225. Mode building regulations (450)58 Mods programe for schools 198, Modernisation ouidings) 80 Modvar censturtion dimension 34 Modarecordination Moor 2 Monel pis 267 Moorna 355,338 Moorna pest 334 Mosse foering &4 Mosque 209 Mote! 8 Mototheme park 187 Movement area 22.235, Movieg table 28 Movieg watay 127 Muliar it 120 ‘Mult charbor sedimatation tank 536 Muttchambarsepis fank 536 Mutstorey building 112, 142, 268 Multiple sue 23 Mutupox enome. Museum 207, 208 ‘Must eacring 32 N Narrow formats ¢ Narrow-gauge ray 409 National teshniea! approval 812 National oohrical estcartfeate 512 Natural camping sit 137 Natural stove mesonny 74 Natural stone la Natural swimming pool #43 Nesting bor (pouty) 452Net uit volume 6 Net floor area 3 Netball 20 Newborn baby 60308 Night fights equations 418 ight ena 252 Nodes port 416 Nominaldimension 4 Non-swinmerpecl 385, $67 Nov-vertate pitched ent 93 Nothight lazing 235 Nexlear medicine 251 Nusery a, Nasee’ tation 207 sing mothers 303 ° beet nhting 85 (Obstruction imitation ares (armor) 20 Cte depth 234 Ottee tom 239 Oifce stucture 202 Office work 221 Office, reversible 223 Oilfing 532 ciank 585 (no fat per oe 142 Open dewatering 66 Open sales 254 pen shaving bray) 247 Open stgo 238 (Open-aiclassioom 195 Opan-ai enclosure 200} 229 Open-ai sunvellance 118.119 ‘Open ait swimming pao! 3711 Opon-plan ofc 233,238 Openings Opening nvad 98 pening outward 98 pace 210, 218 Operation 301 ‘Opecations contol eene01 reheat 220 (reheat member 215, (Orehestra rearsal oom 247 Organ 220 (rian ating 501 iginl area 4 Omamental ghee 1 ines $55 COupatint operations ay surgery) 297 INDEX (Outptiant macical conte 287 Ostine buena permission 89 Oren 12151 Oteralresistance tution) 471 terfow gute 270 vere ine system 405 Pp Pisce engin 20 Pidling poa 385,367 Paint seme 3 Pint spraying workshop 280 Painting room (heat) 2, Paladic, Anson 32 Plt 252 Palet vack 208 Pt tick 257 Pel rciator 539 Panaraa it 194 Panorama mask 483 Pntry 162 Pet formats 4 Paper sredcer 464 Peper, cutting 19 Parallel bars 352 Pra runway 418 Parkingplatferm 398 Parking spaces 398 Parking system 998 Prkingtower 290, Peraitt 397 Parquet oor 8s Partial water vapour pressure 472 Pssenaer 407 Pessengor if 10, 131 Pssenger rac 418 Passing wiet (stars) £20,122 Pastor coro hospital) 312 Path ofthe sun 489,490,422 Paths 430 Paton cupboard a Pont ounge 307 Patont oom 305, 208 PC room furiversity} 202 Pedestian tafe 407 Pett nesting 468 Pentagon 0 Peotagram 30 Pharmaceutical supply 226 ey videInde INDEX Photolavortory chou 39, Photorotnes 87 Prysial unis 2 Physitherany 203 Piano 13 Peking (warhoues) 268 Picture forma chem 222 Picture projection 222 Prtue e222 Per cencopt furor 422 Piglet production 447 Pod founsstions 70 Pint 685, Pipe sound 480 Pipe vention 23 Pipe wine 34 Pipelines fo he-fghting wate 546 Pipowork 9.522, 528 Pitches root 85 Planar etucute (oof 81 Pranks lane bowling) S82 Panning 86 Panning grain 268 Panning dratingsreqution 56 Plantea2 Plant suppor 433 Planting te 437,442 Pasteeroom 202 Pastis laboratory 203 Pratiom tation) 407,418,417 Pratiom trey 267 Pay reat) 210 Playhause 190, 213 Playground equipment 189 Paying aoa (spots) 320,322,828 324,328 Pot caverage rato 63 Plough 448 Plunge pool372,379, 374 Plus eat 22 Podum 213 Podium area 199 Point fohting intensity £07 Poinafraaay) 412 Polar eooranates 20 Pole vault pt 325 Petygen 32 Pomme home 353, Pony 452 Pool length 267 Pool pallet ershouse) 258 Pool patimeter 383, 367 Pool table 375 Pool types fans) 374 Porting ktchon 181 Pests roo 8 Post room 238 Postoperaite patent monitering 22 Pet washing S80 886 Potty oom 189 Putty decer 261 Pound $58 Poured concrete consrvction ih Practeal asoratory 203, Pram room 185 Prayer hall288, 209 Precision sage £9 Pretabicated pool 42 Preface toot russ &7 Prefered number 54 Preliminary design 98 Preliminary phase 61 Pratt 323 Preperation room 301 Primary onary 471,474 Primary school 186 Primary structure sit Private Biting Law 87 Probing 87 Pradvction forms 264 Proctetionsequsnce 204 Proied glass 109 Prost dewopmnent 33 Projection fect tosis) 201 Proestion bing (cinema) 228 Prostioncabin226 Projestion of te beam 37 Projestion room 222, 28 Projection wall sight fect theatre) 201 Proestion wal width 297 Projector (ner) 222, Propertion gure 33 Propetion rut reste) 229 Prosconium hoigt 22 Protected coma e00) 220 Protection of ancent monuments 81,52 Protston of exsting vee 82 Peyehitriceare 310, 17 Publ Buicing Law 58 Publ brary 247,250 Public roars (hstro}217 Publ swiraming pool 302 & Publ transport 18 Pal eyinder 228 Pal-cut bio 21 ume sump 68 Pumping after (drainage) 522 Punch balsa Pythagoras 90 Pythagorean angle a uay 325anbit hate 469 asia 9 398 Fatar damping 122 Fasiation therapy 308 Fasiator 532, 522 Rasoloical diagnose 900 ot fourdaten £2 ater rot 86,87 al proties on Fal transport 108-412 Fan storage tank 490 Rarwater £22, 523,526,527 Ranwater but 3 Fanwater canages26 Ranisater management £38 Ranwater storage tank 435 Ramo arangenent 220 amp wath, minimum 398 amp spe engi 382 opi utsan transport ralay 208 Raspbery 437 Raspbery olanting 497 Faster220 417 Reading lace 220 Reading oom247 Rescling workglaces 209 Rebuilding 80 FRoseptenbuing.raway staton 415, FRecootrg plant 916 Recovery 700m 201 Restangle 3 etigersted gpl ease 20 esurbiehmen 50 Royata course 340, FRezioal Planing Law 56 FRogulatedbuling product 512 evearel stage 217 Rontorcedl concrete precast eomert 82 Reathvehuidty 472 eration room 972,979,974 Renewable energy 468 Rented efices 204 Fepacking checkout 257 Repairs), 72.79, 81 eplaconent jf buldng) 48 Resoarh laboratory 206 Residntal dest 197 Resiional quai 127 Festaurent 125| Festauant wit fger bat 178 INDEX Restoration (ot buling) $0, 51 Reta Fouiations 256 Petaining a 431 Petron fat 108 Reverberation 219,221 evatinant 439 RD ebp 117 ting testy 391 Ring rack 341 Fight angiod isosceles tangle Fig suoport frame 353 Fleer 122 aos 58 ead categotes 317 ead ess section 377.280 ck shpo 439 Fc sathing electrode 438, Faller conveyor 267 Palle dpor 15, Ral stating nik 315, Rating shotes 252 Fling stock 407 oman numerals Foc 254 Fo bcarding 90 eof eenstrition 90.84 Reet covering 85, 3, ol ghing 1s Foot stare 122 Fecf waterproofing 5 acting 437 Reofighting, ight quai 487 FReorn acoustics 27,482 oom aroas (iawinas) 6 oom climate 27 Foor cme, museum 207 FRaom cision 725 oor curters 6 Rom surveil 122 Foor volume 220 Fetating coats 201 Round our, lop (museum) 203 Raurdabout 384 auteing 25 ow grave 428 ow with theame 215, Rovingbacin 393 Fevingmactine 58 ubbiemasonry 74 az vide