Hm DATEDIF()

C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l dng hm DATEDIF().
Nhng c mt iu ti khng hiu l: hm ny dng tt, nhng khng h c trong danh sch hm ca
C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)
start_day: Ngy u
end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)
unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp)
y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s

ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v

yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm
V d:
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)

Tnh ton vi ngy thng nm

Chng ta bit rng, Excel quan nim ngy thng nm l mt dy nhng con s lin tc, vi 1 = ng
Cho nn mt trong nhng cch d dng nht tnh s ngy gia hai khong thi gian l ly ngy n
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Bn cnh , cn c cch s dng nhng hm ngy thng ca Excel:

Tnh tui (1):

Nu bn c mt ngy sinh nht trong mt c t tn l Birthdate, bn s ngh rn

= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate)
Nhng... nu tnh tui ngha l phi thng, nm, ngy, th cng thc trn ch

V d, hm nay l ngy 08/1/2008, ng rng 2008 - 1980 = 28, nhng nu ni bn n

Ha ra khng n gin nh!

tnh tui chnh xc, chng ta lm mt biu thc logic so snh th xem ngy sinh n

###
Biu thc trn s cho ra kt qu l TRUE nu ng v FALSE nu sai.
TRUE, ngha l ngy sinh nht "ln hn" hm nay, hay c ngha l cha ti ngy sinh nh

V chng ta cng bit rng, trong Excel, TRUE tng ng vi gi tr 1, v FALSE th

Li dng chnh im ny, ta s ghp biu thc trn vo cng thc ly nm tr nm l

= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdat

Ngha l, nu sinh nht qua, th ly nm nay tr i nm sinh ra l ng, cn khng th

rong danh sch hm ca Excel (Excel 2007 cng khng), v cng khng c mt ci help no cho n c! Cho nn

g du ngoc kp)

khng ph thuc vo s nm v s thng

g ph thuc vo s nm v s ngy

ph thuc vo s nm

2 - ngy 1/1)

on s lin tc, vi 1 = ngy 1/1/1900.

thi gian l ly ngy ny tr i ngy kia, cn kt qu hin ra th no ph thuc vo nh dng ca nhn kt q

Birthdate, bn s ngh rng cng thc tnh tui n gin nh sau:

y, th cng thc trn ch ng vi ngi no t chc sinh nht ri trong nm nay, ch nu cha n sinh nh

8, nhng nu ni bn no sinh ngy 30/12/1980 28 tui th... cng hi ti, phi khng ? Em mi c 27 tu

nh th xem ngy sinh nht vi ngy hm nay, ngy no ln hn:

l cha ti ngy sinh nht; v FALSE l ngc li.

i gi tr 1, v FALSE th tng ng vi gi tr 0.
c ly nm tr nm lm hi ny:

(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY())

ra l ng, cn khng th phi tr i 1. Ai bo lp cng thc tnh tui l n gin nh!

p no cho n c! Cho nn, c mt s ngi s dng Excel phi ni l c thm nin, m vn khng h bit Excel

nh dng ca nhn kt qu (tt nht l nh dng s hoc General, v kt qu phi l mt con s th mi c l):

h nu cha n sinh nht ca h, th kt qu nhn c s ln hn gi tr thc ca n.

hng ? Em mi c 27 tui my ngy thi, cc bc ! V, cc bc bn bo him nhn th cng ngh nh th !

vn khng h bit Excel c hm DATEDIF()...

mt con s th mi c l):

 cng ngh nh th !

Hm EDATE()

Hm ny tr v mt ngy no tnh t mc thi gian cho trc v cch mc thi gian ny mt s th

Thng ngi ta dng hm ny tnh hn bo hnh cho mt sn phm, hoc ngy o hn hp n
C php: = EDATE(start_date, months)
start_date: Ngy dng lm mc tnh. Nn nhp ngy ny bng hm DATE(), hoc d

months: S thng trc hoc sau mc thi gian start_date (nu trc th dng s m). T
A1 ang cha ngy cui thng 01/2008, tnh ngy cui thng sau 3 thng na, dng c
###
Lu : EDATE() khng phi l hm tnh ngy cui thng, m cho kt qu l ngy trn

V d khc: Ti mua mt ci USB ngy hm nay (08/01/2008), hn bo hnh 36 thng, v

#

thi gian ny mt s thng c ch nh

c ngy o hn hp ng...

ng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp tr

trc th dng s m). Trong trng hp months l s khng nguyn, n s c lm trn.

sau 3 thng na, dng cng thc:

cho kt qu l ngy trng vi ngy ca mc thi gian mun tnh (start_date). Nu nh trng hp kt qu tr v

n bo hnh 36 thng, vy n c bo hnh ti ngy no?

y ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

trng hp kt qu tr v l mt ngy khng hp l ca mt thng (ngy 31/4 chng hn), th EDATE() s ly ng

n), th EDATE() s ly ngy cui thng ca thng (30/4).

Hm EOMONTH()

Xin dch ra d hiu: End Of Month = Ngy cui thng

C php: = EOMONTH(start_date, months)
start_date: Ngy dng lm mc tnh. Cng ging hm EDATE(), nn nhp ngy ny b

months: S thng trc hoc sau mc thi gian start_date (nu trc th dng s m). T
V d: EOMONTH(TODAY(), 25) = 40237 = 28/02/2010

E(), nn nhp ngy ny bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s x
trc th dng s m). Trong trng hp months l s khng nguyn, n s c lm trn.

thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian

Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l, ngy ngh,

Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian m khng

D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh chng ta, lm t

Hm NETWORKDAYS()

C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vi

holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sc

V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2007 v ngy 10/1/2008, trong
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ng ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhn

hong thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc c ch nh: Hm NE
ch nh chng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc dng!

v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc,

y v Ch Nht. Danh sch ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b trong cp du

ngy 10/1/2008, trong c ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1):

n, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic.

c c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAYS (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays).

ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

th phi b trong cp du mc {}.

dng text.

Hm WEEKDAY()
Cho bit s th t ca ngy trong tun
C php: = WEEKDAY(serial_number [, return_type])
serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s ch gi tr ngy thng
return_type: Chn kiu kt qu tr v
return_type = 1 (mc nh): Ch Nht l 1 (th By l 7)
return_type = 2: Th Hai l 1 (Ch Nht l 7)
return_type = 3: Th Hai l 0 (Ch Nht l 6)
V d: (Today = 03/01/2008)
WEEKDAY(TODAY()) = 5
WEEKDAY(TODAY(), 2) = 4
WEEKDAY(TODAY(), 3) = 3

Hm WEEKNUM()
Cho bit s th t ca tun trong nm
C php: = WEEKNUM(serial_number [, return_type])
serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s ch gi tr ngy thng
return_type: Chn kiu tr v (ty thuc vo cch chn ngy u tin trong tun)
return_type = 1 (mc nh): Ch Nht l ngy u tun
return_type = 2: Th Hai l ngy u tun
V d: Th xem ngy hnh phc ca ANHPHUONG nm vo tun no trong nm nay...
WEEKNUM("06/01/2008") = 2
WEEKNUM("06/01/2008", 2) = 1

 tr ngy thng

tr ngy thng

u tin trong tun)

n no trong nm nay...

Hm WORKDAY()
C php: = WORKDAY(start_day, days [, holidays])
start_day: Ngy lm mc tnh.

days: S ngy lm vic trc hoc sau start_day. Dng days > 0 cho s ngy lm vic c

holidays: Danh sch cc ngy ngh. C th g trc tip mt ngy c th, trong trng h
V d, tnh s ngy lm vic cho mt d n 30 ngy. tnh t hm nay, ta dng cng th
###
Tnh ngy hon thnh ca mt d n 30 ngy, khi cng ngy 1/12/2007, trong ngh
###

0 cho s ngy lm vic ca mt d n cha hon thnh, dng days < 0 cho s ngy lm vic ca mt d n

y c th, trong trng hp c nhiu ngy th cc ngy cch nhau bng du phy, v t tt c trong mt cp d
hm nay, ta dng cng thc:

/12/2007, trong ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy u nm (01/01/2008), dng cng thc:

m vic ca mt d n kt thc.

t tt c trong mt cp du mc {}.

Hm YEARFRAC()

(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)

C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca kho
basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:

0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12
1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng

2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng t

3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thn

4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date

V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2007 v ngy 30/7/2007 so vi 1 nm:

YEARFRAC("15/3/2007", "30/7/2007") = 37%

v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v

c 360 ngy chia cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.

ca tng thng

ngy thc t ca tng thng

y thc t ca tng thng

tart_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng )

dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng d

h ngy 30 ca thng )

rc tip ngy thng di dng text.

Hm YEAR()
Cho bit s ch nm trong mt gi tr ngy thng
C php: = YEAR(serial_number)
serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s ch gi tr ngy thng
V d: YEAR(TODAY()) = 2008

Hm MONTH()
Cho bit s ch thng trong mt gi tr ngy thng
C php: = MONTH(serial_number)
serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s ch gi tr ngy thng
V d: MONTH(TODAY()) = 1

Hm DAY()
Cho bit s ch ngy trong mt gi tr ngy thng
C php: = DAY(serial_number)
serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s ch gi tr ngy thng
V d: DAY(TODAY()) = 3

 tr ngy thng

tr ngy thng

tr ngy thng

Hm DATEVALUE()

Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng ngy thng nm thnh mt gi tr ngy thng nm c th t

C php: = DATEVALUE(date_text)
date_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i

date_text c gii hn trong khong t 01/01/1900 n 31/12/9999, nu nm ngoi kh

date_text phi c nhp trong cp du mc kp ("")

Nu date_text ch c hai phn, Excel s hiu nh sau: nu phn sau l mt gi tr < 1

V d:
DATEVALUE("25/12/2007") = 39441 (= 25/12/2007)
DATEVALUE("25/12") = 39807 (= 25/12/2008)
DATEVALUE("12/25") = 45992 (= 01/12/2025)
DATEVALUE("12/25/2007") = #VALUE!
DATEVALUE("25 December 2009") = 40172 = 25/12/2009

y thng nm c th tnh ton c

/9999, nu nm ngoi khong ny, hm s bo li #VALUE!

hn sau l mt gi tr < 13 v phn u l mt gi tr < 32, n xem nh phn u l ngy, phn sau l thng, v

y, phn sau l thng, v ly nm hin hnh lm gi tr tnh nm; cn nu phn sau l mt gi tr > 12 v ph

l mt gi tr > 12 v phn u l mt gi tr < 13, n xem nh phn u l thng, phn sau l nm, v cho gi

n sau l nm, v cho gi tr tnh ngy l 1.

Hm TODAY()
Tr v ngy thng nm hin hnh
C php: = TODAY()
Hm ny khng c thng s no km theo c.

Kt qu ca hm TODAY() l mt con s, i din cho ngy thng nm hin hnh, vi th

V d, hm nay l ngy 02/01/2008, hm TODAY() s cho ra con s 39449.0, xem

g nm hin hnh, vi thi gian c ngm hiu l 0 gi (na m).

s 39449.0, xem c theo dng "d nhn", bn ch cn nh dng li .

Hm NOW()
Tr v ngy thng nm v gi pht giy hin hnh
C php: = NOW()
Hm ny cng khng c thng s no km theo c.

Kt qu ca hm NOW() l mt con s, i din cho ngy thng nm v thi gian ca h

V d, hm nay, v lc ny l 11 gi 56 pht ngy 09/01/2008, hm NOW() s cho ra con
Ghi ch:

Khng phi lc no hm TODAY() v NOW() cng cho ra mt kt qu nh nhau, m mi khi bn sa

S khc nhau gia hai hm ny chnh l:
- TODAY ngha l hm nay, m lc 7 gi sng hay 9 gi 30 ti th cng l hm nay. Kt qu ca TOD
- NOW ngha l chnh lc ny, l lc ta va nhp xong NOW() v nhn Enter... Kt qu ca NOW() v

nm v thi gian ca h thng lc va nhp xong cng thc.

hm NOW() s cho ra con s 39456.49643. xem c theo dng "d nhn", bn ch cn nh dng li , theo k

nhau, m mi khi bn sa cha bng tnh, g mt cng thc khc, tnh ton li bng tnh, hoc m li bng tnh

m nay. Kt qu ca TODAY() vo nhng lc khc nhau trong ngy s ging nhau.

er... Kt qu ca NOW() vo nhng lc khc nhau trong ngy s khc nhau.

n nh dng li , theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy hh:ss:mm chng hn.

h, hoc m li bng tnh... th hm TODAY() v NOW() s cp nht theo ngy gi ca h thng.

Hm DAYS360()

C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca kho

method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay the

FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca th
TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31

V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c

DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149
DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151

v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v

heo kiu chu u hay theo kiu M.

_date l ngy 31 ca thng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v

date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng .

08 theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)

dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng d

l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip.

rc tip ngy thng di dng text.

a thng k tip.

Hm HOUR()
Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = HOUR(******_number)
******_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian
V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi)

r thi gian

Hm MINUTE()
Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = MINUTE(******_number)
******_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian
V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht)

r thi gian

Hm SECOND()
Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = SECOND(******_number)
******_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian
V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy)

r thi gian

Hm TIME()

Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no
C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)
hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s

minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng

second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng

V d:
TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM
TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM
TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM

Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc m khng

el s t tr i mt bi s ca 24.

, Excel s tnh li v tng s gi ln tng ng.

Excel s tnh li v tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng.

ng cng thc m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc hn

Hm TIMEVALUE()
Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh ton c
C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text)
time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i
V d:
TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)

 c th tnh ton c