TCXDVN 286-2003 Dong Va Ep Coc - Tieu Chuan Thi Cong Va Nghiem Thu

B xy dng
S 14 / 2003/ Q-BXD
cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
H Ni , ngy 5 thng 6 nm 2003
Quyt nh ca B tr|ng b xy dng

V vic ban hnh Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXD VN 286: 2003 '' ng v
p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu ''
B tr|ng b xy dng
- Cn c Ngh nh s 36/ 2003/ N - CP ngy 04 / 04 / 2003 ca Chnh Ph quy
nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng.
- Cn c bin bn s 460A/ BB -HKHKT ngy 3 / 4 / 2002 ca Hi ng Khoa
hc k thut chuyn ngnh nghim thu tiu chun '' ng v p cc - Tiu chun
thi cng v nghim thu ''.
- Xt ngh ca V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Vin tr|ng Vin Khoa
hc cng ngh Xy dng.
Quyt nh
iu 1 : Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun Xy dng Vit Nam
TCXD VN 286: 2003 '' ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu ''
iu 2 : Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy k ban hnh.
iu 3 : Cc ng : Chnh Vn phng B, V tr|ng V Khoa hc Cng ngh ,
Vin tr|ng Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Xy dng v Th tr|ng cc n v c lin
quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.
Ni nhn :
- Nh| iu 3
- Tng Cc TCLCL
- L|u VP&V KHCN
KT/b tr|ng b xy dng

Th tr|ng
PGS,TSKH Nguyn vn lin
TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam
tcvn 286 - 2003
Li ni u
TCXDVN 286 : 2003 thay th mt phn cho mc 7 TCXD 79 : 1980.

TCXDVN 286 : 2003 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son, V Khoa hc
Cng ngh B Xy dng trnh duyt, B tr|ng B Xy dng ban hnh theo Quyt nh
s:.....14...ngy: ...05...thng......6.... nm 2003
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
mc lc
1. Phm vi p dng ............................................................................................................... 5
2. Tiu chun vin dn .......................................................................................................... 5
3. Quy nh chung ................................................................................................................ 5
4. Vt liu cc........................................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Cc b tng ct thp ................................................................................................. 7
4.2 Cc thp ................................................................................................................... 8
5. H cc bng ba ng v ba rung ................................................................................... 9
6. H cc bng ph|ng php p tnh ................................................................................... 17
7. Gim st v nghim thu .................................................................................................. 19
8. An ton lao ng ............................................................................................................. 20
Ph lc A - Nht k h cc ................................................................................................. 21
Ph lc B - H| hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng ........................................................... 27
Ph lc C - Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng ......................................... 28
Ph lc D - Cu to m cc ................................................................................................ 36
Ph lc E - Biu ghi chi ng cc ............................................................................... 38
tcvn 286 - 2003
ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu

Pile driving and static jacking works - Standart for construction, check
and acceptance
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc p dng cho cc cng
trnh xy dng thuc lnh vc xy dng, giao thng, thu li, thay th mt phn
cho mc 7: Mng cc v t|ng vy cc vn ca TCXD 79: 1980.
Nhng cng trnh c iu kin a cht cng trnh c bit nh| vng c hang cct, mi nghing, cng... m ch|a cp n trong tiu chun ny s |c thi
cng v nghim thu theo yu cu ca Thit k, hoc do T| vn ngh vi s chp
thun ca Ch u t|.
2.
Tiu chun vin dn

TCVN 4453 : 1995: Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi - Quy phm thi
cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 205: 1998: Mng cc-Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 4091 : 1985 : Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng.
3. Quy nh chung
3.1
Cc thut ng v nh ngha
3.1.1 Cc ng l cc |c h bng nng l|ng ng( va p, rung).
3.1.2 Cc p l cc |c h bng nng l|ng tnh, khng gy nn xung l|ng ln u
cc.
3.1.3 chi ca cc ng l ln ca cc d|i mt nht ba ng v 1 pht
lm vic ca ba rung.
3.1.4 Ti trng thit k l gi tr ti trng do Thit k d tnh tc dng ln cc.
3.1.5 Lc p nh nht (Pep) min l lc p do Thit k quy nh m bo ti trng
thit k ln cc, thng th|ng ly bng 150 y 200% ti trng thit k;
3.1.6 Lc p ln nht (Pep)max l lc p do Thit k quy nh, khng v|t qu sc
chu ti ca vt liu cc; |c tnh ton theo kt qu xuyn tnh, khi khng c kt
qu ny th th|ng ly bng 200 - 300% ti trng thit k.
3.2
Thi cng h cc cn tun theo bn v thit k thi cng, trong bao gm: d liu
v b tr cc cng trnh hin c v cng trnh ngm; |ng cp in c ch dn
su lp t |ng dy ti in v bin php bo v chng; danh mc cc my mc,
thit b; trnh t v tin thi cng; cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng v v
sinh mi tr|ng; bn v b tr mt bng thi cng k c in n|c v cc hng mc
tm thi phc v thi cng.
5
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
c y s liu cho thi cng mng cc, nht l trong iu kin a cht phc
tp, khi cn thit Nh thu phi tin hnh ng , p cc cc th v tin hnh th
nghim cc bng ti trng ng hoc ti trng tnh theo c|ng ca T| vn hoc
Thit k ra.
3.3
Trc c nh v cc trc mng cn |c tin hnh t cc mc chun theo ng quy

nh hin hnh. Mc nh v trc th|ng lm bng cc cc ng, nm cch trc
ngoi cng ca mng khng t hn 10 m. Trong bin bn bn giao mc nh v
phi c s b tr mc cng to ca chng cng nh| cao ca cc mc
chun dn t l|i cao trnh thnh ph hoc quc gia. Vic nh v tng cc trong
qu trnh thi cng phi do cc trc c vin c kinh nghim tin hnh d|i s gim
st ca k thut thi cng cc pha Nh thu v trong cc cng trnh quan trng phi
|c T| vn gim st kim tra. chun ca l|i trc nh v phi th|ng xuyn
|c kim tra, c bit khi c mt mc b chuyn dch th cn |c kim tra ngay.
sai lch ca cc trc so vi thit k khng |c v|t qu 1cm trn 100 m chiu
di tuyn.
3.4
Chuyn ch, bo qun, nng dng cc vo v tr h cc phi tun th cc bin php

chng h| hi cc. Khi chuyn ch cc b tng ct thp(BTCT) cng nh| khi sp
xp xung bi tp kt phi c h con k bng g pha d|i cc mc cu. Nghim
cm vic ln hoc ko cc BTCT bng dy.
3.5
Cng tc chun b
3.5.1 Nh thu cn c vo h s thit k, yu cu ca Ch u t| v iu kin mi

tr|ng c th lp bin php thi cng cc trong nn l|u lm r cc iu sau:
a) cng ngh thi cng ng/ p;
b) thit b d nh chn;
c) k hoch m bo cht l|ng, trong nu r trnh t h cc da theo iu
kin t nn, cch b tr i cc, s l|ng cc trong i, ph|ng php kim tra
thng ng, kim tra mi hn, cch o chi, bin php an ton v m
bo v sinh mi tr|ng...;
d) d kin s c v cch x l;
e) tin thi cng....
3.5.2 Tr|c khi thi cng h cc cn tin hnh cc cng tc chun b sau y:
a) nghin cu iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thu vn, chiu dy, th
nm v c tr|ng c l ca chng;
b) thm d kh nng c cc ch|ng ngi d|i t c bin php loi b chng,
s c mt ca cng trnh ngm v cng trnh ln cn c bin php phng
nga nh h|ng xu n chng;
c) xem xt iu kin mi tr|ng th ( ting n v chn ng) theo tiu chun
mi tr|ng lin quan khi thi cng gn khu dn c| v cng trnh c sn;
d) nghim thu mt bng thi cng;
e) lp l|i trc c nh v cc trc mng v to cc cc cn thi cng trn mt
bng;
f) kim tra chng ch xut x|ng ca cc;
tcvn 286 - 2003
g) kim tra kch th|c thc t ca cc;

h) chuyn ch v sp xp cc trn mt bng thi cng;
i) nh du chia on ln thn cc theo chiu di cc;
k) t hp cc on cc trn mt t thnh cy cc theo thit k;
l) t my trc c theo di thng ng ca cc v o chi ca cc.
3.6
Hn ni cc on cc
3.6.1 Ch bt u hn ni cc on cc khi:
- kch th|c cc bn m ng vi thit k;
- trc ca on cc |c kim tra thng ng theo hai ph|ng vung gc vi
nhau;
- b mt u hai on cc ni phi tip xc kht vi nhau.
3.6.2 |ng hn mi ni cc phi m bo ng quy nh ca thit k v chu lc,
khng |c c nhng khuyt tt sau y:
- kch th|c |ng hn sai lch so vi thit k;
- chiu cao hoc chiu rng ca mi hn khng ng u;
- |ng hn khng thng, b mt mi hn b r, khng ngu, qu nhit, c chy
loang, ln x, b nt...
3.6.3 Ch |c tip tc h cc khi kim tra mi ni hn khng c khuyt tt.
4. Vt liu cc
4.1
Cc b tng ct thp
4.1.1 Cc b tng ct thp c th l cc rng, tit din vnh khuyn ( c ly tm) hoc cc
c, tit din a gic u hoc vung ( c bng vn khun thng th|ng). B tng
cc phi m bo mc thit k, cc |c nghim thu theo tiu chun TCVN 4453 :
1995
4.1.2 Kim tra cc ti ni sn xut gm cc khu sau y:
a) Vt liu :
- chng ch xut x|ng ca ct thp, xi mng; kt qu th nghim kim tra mu
thp, v ct liu ct, (si), xi mng, n|c theo cc tiu chun hin hnh;
- cp phi b tng;
- kt qu th nghim mu b tng;
- |ng knh ct thp chu lc;
- |ng knh, b|c ct ai;
- l|i thp tng c|ng v vnh thp b u cc;
- mi hn ct thp ch vo vnh thp;
- s ng u ca lp b tng bo v;
b) kch th|c hnh hc :
- s cn xng ca ct thp trong tit din cc;
- kch th|c tit din cc;
- vung gc ca tit din cc u cc vi trc;
- chm u n ca mi cc;
7
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
4.1.3 Khng dng cc on cc c sai lch v kch th|c v|t qu quy nh trong
bng 1, v cc on cc c vt nt rng hn 0.2 mm. su vt nt gc khng
qu 10 mm, tng din tch do lm, st gc v r t ong khng qu 5% tng din
tch b mt cc v khng qu tp trung.
Bng 1- sai lch cho php v kch th|c cc
TT
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
4.2
Kch th|c cu to
sai lch cho php
Chiu di on cc, m
d 10
Kch th|c cnh (|ng knh ngoi) tit din ca
cc c (hoc rng gia)
Chiu di mi cc
cong ca cc (li hoc lm)
vng ca on cc
lch mi cc khi tm
Gc nghing ca mt u cc vi mt phng thng
gc trc cc:
- cc tit din a gic
- cc trn
Khong cch t tm mc treo n u on cc
lch ca mc treo so vi trc cc
Chiu dy ca lp b tng bo v
B|c ct thp xon hoc ct thp ai
Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ch
|ng knh cc rng
Chiu dy thnh l
Kch th|c l rng so vi tim cc
r 30 mm
+ 5 mm
r 30 mm
10 mm
1/100 chiu di t cc
10 mm
nghing 1%
nghing 0.5%
r 50 mm
20 mm
r 5 mm
r 10 mm
r 10 mm
r 5 mm
r 5 mm
r 5 mm
Cc thp
4.2.1 Cc thp th|ng |c ch to t thp ng hoc thp hnh cn nng. Chiu di cc

on cc chn theo kch th|c ca khng gian thi cng cng nh| kch th|c v
nng lc ca thit b h cc.
4.2.2 Mt u cc on cc phi phng v vung gc vi trc cc, nghing khng
qu 1%.
4.2.3 Chiu dy ca cc thp ly theo quy nh ca thit k th|ng bng chiu dy chu
lc theo tnh ton cng vi chiu dy chu n mn.
4.2.4 Trong tr|ng hp cn thit c th thc hin lp bo v bng phun va xi mng mc
cao, cht do hoc ph|ng php in ho.
4.2.5 Cc on cc thp |c ni hn, chiu cao v chiu di |ng hn phi tun theo
thit k.
5.
H cc bng ba ng v ba rung
5.1
tcvn 286 - 2003
Tu theo nng lc trang thit b hin c, iu kin a cht cng trnh, quy nh
ca Thit k v chiu su h cc v chi quy nh Nh thu c th la chn
thit b h cc ph hp. Nguyn tc la chn ba nh| sau:
a) c nng l|ng h cc n chiu su thit k vi chi quy nh trong
thit k, xuyn qua cc lp t dy k c tng kp cng;
b) gy nn ng sut ng khng ln hn ng sut ng cho php ca cc hn
ch kh nng gy nt cc;
c) tng s nht p hoc tng thi gian h cc lin tc khng |c v|t qu gi tr
khng ch trong thit k ngn nga hin t|ng cc b mi;
d) chi ca cc khng nn qu nh c th lm hng u ba.
5.2
La chn ba ng cc theo kh nng chu ti ca cc trong thit k v trng

l|ng cc. Nng l|ng cn thit ti thiu ca nht ba p E |c xc nh theo
cng thc:
E = 1.75 a P
trong :
(1)
E - Nng l|ng p ca ba, kGm;

a - h s bng 25 kG.m/tn
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc, tn, quy nh trong thit k.
Loi ba |c chn vi nng l|ng nht p Ett phi tho mn iu kin:
Qn q
dk
E tt
trong :
(2)
k - h s quy nh trong bng 2;

Qn - trng l|ng ton phn ca ba, kG;
q - trng l|ng cc (gm c trng l|ng m v m u cc), kG
i vi ba i--zen, gi tr tnh ton nng l|ng p ly bng:

i vi ba ng
Ett = 0.9 QH
i vi ba cn
Ett = 0.4 QH
Q - trng l|ng phn p ca ba, kG;

H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ba khi ng giai on cui, i vi
ba ng H= 2.8 m; i vi ba cn c trng l|ng phn p l 1250, 1800
v 2500 kG th H t|ng ng l 1.7; 2 v 2.2 m.
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
10
Bng 2- H s chn ba ng
Loi ba
Ba i--zen kiu ng v song ng
Ba n ng v i--zen kiu cn
Ba treo
H s k
6
5
3
Ch thch: Khi h cc bng ph|ng php xi n|c th cc h s ni trn |c tng thm 1.5.
5.3
Khi cn phi ng xuyn qua cc lp t cht nn dng cc ba c nng l|ng p

ln hn cc tr s tnh ton theo cc cng thc (1) v (2), hoc c th dng bin
php khoan dn tr|c khi ng hoc bin php xi n|c.
Khi chn ba ng cc xin nn tng nng l|ng p tnh theo cng thc (1)
vi h s k1 cho trong bng 3.
Bng 3- H s chn ba ng cc xin
5.4
nghing ca cc
H s k1
1.1
5:1
1.15
4:1
1.25
3:1
1.4
2:1
1.7
1:1
Loi ba rung h cc chn theo t s K0 / Qt tu thuc vo iu kin t nn v
chiu su h cc.
K0 - m men lch tm, T.cm;
Qt - trng l|ng ton phn gm trng l|ng cc, ba rung v m u cc,
tn.
Gi tr ca t s ny khi dng ba rung vi tc quay bnh lch tm 300y500
vng/ pht khng |c nh hn tr s cho trong bng 4.
Bng 4 -T s K0 / Qt
Tnh cht t m
cc xuyn qua
Ph|ng php h
Ct no n|c, bn, st do Khng xi n|c v ly t ra

mm v do chy
khi cc
Ct m, t st, st do Xi n|c tun hon v ly t
mm, cng
khi lng cc ng
St cng, na cng, ct, si, Xi n|c v ly t khi lng
sn
cc thp hn c mi cc
K0/Qt khi su h cc
< 15 m
>15 m
0.80
1.0
1.10
1.30
1.30
1.60
Ch thch: Khi chn ba rung h cc ng c |ng knh ln hn 1.2 m nn |u tin cho cc

my c l thot |a t t trong lng cc ng ra ngoi m khng phi tho lp my. Trong
tr|ng hp cn rung h cc cc |ng knh ln nn dng hai ba rung ghp i ng b trn mt
trung chuyn; khi cc gi tr K0 v Qt phi l tng cc ch tiu t|ng ng ca hai ba rung.
5.5
tcvn 286 - 2003
Khi rung h cc trn rng hoc cc dng tm cn c cc bin php chng kh nng
xut hin cc vt nt hoc h| hng cc:
- trnh s tng p sut khng kh trong lng cc do y kht nn dng chp u
cc c cc l hng c tng din tch khng t hn 0.5% din tch tit din ngang
ca cc;
- trnh sinh ra p lc thu ng nguy him ca n|c trong t lng cc c th
gy nt rn cc-ng BTCT phi c bin php ht n|c hoc truyn khng kh.
c th d bo tr|c nhng h| hng c th xy ra khi rung h cc- ng nn dng
thit b o gia tc, trong tr|ng hp khng c thit b th tin hnh quan st mc
tiu tn cng sut ba ( hoc in nng) v bin giao ng ca cc. Nu thy
cng sut ba v bin giao ng ca cc tng, lin kt ba rung v u cc vn
kht m tc h cc li b gim th chng t mi cc gp ch|ng ngi; khi
cn dng my, tm cch loi b ch|ng ngi bng cch ly t lng cc v bm
ra y cc.
Khi rung h cc trong ct v ct giai on cui th nn gim tn s v rung cc
trong khong 7y10 pht su thit k lm cht t trong lng v xung quanh
cc.
5.6
Khi rung h cc bnh th|ng tc l cc thng s ba rung n nh, cc khng gp

ch|ng ngi th theo s tng tin ca chiu su, tc h cc, bin giao ng
v cng sut my s b gim do ma st bn ca cc tng dn. tng chiu su h
cc nn tng cng sut ng c cho n cng sut thit k. Khi tc h cc gim
ti 2-5 cm/ pht v bin giao ng khong 5mm th cc s kh xung tip; cn
phi tin hnh xi n|c hoc ly t lng cc cng vi vic chy ht cng sut
ng c.
5.7
Khi ng cc bng ba phi dng m cc v m g ph hp vi tit din ngang ca

cc. Cc khe h gia mt bn ca cc v thnh m cc mi bn khng nn v|t qu 1
cm.
Cn phi sit cht cng ba rung h cc vi cc.
Khi ni cc on cc trn rng v cc -ng phi m bo ng tm ca chng.
Khi cn thit phi dng b g c nh v thit b dn h|ng tng chnh xc.
Khi thi cng cc vng sng n|c nn tin hnh khi sng khng cao hn cp 2.
Cc ph|ng tin ni cn |c neo gi chc chn.
5.8
Trong qu trnh h cc cn ghi chp nht k theo mu in sn (c th xem ph lc

A).
ng 5y20 cc u tin cc im khc nhau trn khu vc xy dng phi tin
hnh cn thn c ghi chp s nht ba cho tng mt chiu su v ly chi cho
lot ba cui cng. Nh thu nn dng th nghim phn tch sng ng sut trong
cc( PDA) kim tra vic la chn ba v kh nng ng ca ba trong cc iu
kin xc nh( t nn, ba, cc...)
5.9
Vo cui qu trnh ng cc khi chi gn t ti tr s thit k th vic ng cc

bng ba n ng phi tin hnh tng nht d theo di chi cho mi nht; khi
ng bng ba hi song ng cn phi o ln ca cc, tn s p ca ba v p
11
12
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
lc hi cho tng pht; khi dng ba di--zen th chi |c xc nh t tr trung

bnh ca lot 10 nht sau cng.
Cc khng t chi thit k th cn phi ng b kim tra sau khi |c
ngh theo quy nh. Trong trung hp chi khi ng kim tra vn ln hn
chi thit k th T| vn v Thit k nn cho tin hnh th tnh cc v hiu chnh li
mt phn hoc ton b thit k mng cc.
5.10
Trong giai on u khi ng cc bng ba n ng nn ghi s nht ba v

cao ri ba trung bnh cc i |c 1m; khi dng ba hi th ghi p lc hi trung
bnh v thi gian cc i |c 1m v tn s nht p trong mt pht. chi
phi o vi chnh xc ti 1mm.
chi kim tra |c o cho 3 lot ba cui cng. i vi ba n v ba i-zen th mt lot l 10 nht; i vi ba hi th mt lot l s nht ba trong thi
gian 2 pht; i vi ba rung 1 lot cng l thi gian ba lm vic trong 2 pht.
Thi gian ngh ca cc tr|c khi ng kim tra ph thuc vo tnh cht cc lp
t xung quanh v d|i mi cc nh|ng khng nh hn:
a) 3 ngy khi ng qua t ct;
b) 6 ngy khi ng qua t st.
5.11
Trong tr|ng hp khi thi cng thay i cc thng s ca ba hoc cc |c ch

dn trong thit k th chi d|, e, lc ng hoc ng kim tra phi tho mn
iu kin:
nFEtt
QT H2 (q q1 )
.
ed
kP kP
QT q q1
nF
M M
(3)
Nu chi d| ,e, nh hn 0.2 cm( vi iu kin l ba dng ng ph hp vi

yu cu iu 4.1), th chi ton phn( bng tng chi n hi v chi
d|) phi tho mn iu kin:
2E tt
ec d
Q
kPc
Qq
kP n 0 n V Q

2g ( H h )
kP 2
: Qq
4 F
(4)
Trong cc cng thc trn:

e - chi d|, cm, bng ln ca cc do mt nht ba ng v 1 pht lm
vic ca ba rung;
c - chi n hi( chuyn v n hi ca t v cc), cm, |c xc nh
bng dng c o chi;
n - h s tra theo bng 5, T/ m2;
Bng 5- H s n
tcvn 286 - 2003
Loi cc
H s n (T/m2)
Cc BTCT c m
150
Cc thp c m
500
F - din tch theo chu vi ngoi ca cc c hoc rng( khng ph thuc vo
cc c hay khng c mi nhn), m2;
Ett - nng l|ng tnh ton ca nht p, tn.cm, ly theo iu 2.1 cho ba i-zen, ba treo v ba n ng ly bng QH, khi dng ba hi song ng
ly theo l lch my, i vi ba rung ly theo nng l|ng nht p quy i,
cho trong bng 6;
Bng 6 - Nng l|ng quy i
Lc c|ng bc
(tn)
Nng l|ng nht
p quy i(T.cm)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
450
900
1300
1750
2200
2650
3100
3500
Q - trng l|ng phn p ca ba, T;

H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ca ba, cm;
k - h s an ton v t, ly k= 1.4 trong cng thc(3) v k= 1.25 trong
cng thc (4); cn trong xy dng cu khi s l|ng cc trong tr ln hn 20
th k = 1.4, t 11y 20 cc th k = 1.6, t 6 y 10 cc th k = 1.65, t 1y 5 cc
th k = 1.75;
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc theo thit k, T;
M - h s ly bng 1 cho ba ng v theo bng 7 cho ba rung;
QT - trng l|ng ton phn ca ba hoc ba rung, T;
H - h s phc hi va p, ly H2 = 0.2 khi ng cc BTCT v cc thp c
dng m cc m g, cn khi dng ba rung th H2 = 0;
q - trng l|ng cc v m cc, T;
q1 - trng l|ng cc m, tn; khi dng ba rung q1 = 0;
h - chiu cao cho ba i--zen h = 50cm, cc loi khc h = 0;
: - din tch mt bn ca cc, m2;
n0 v nV - cc h s chuyn i t sc khng ng ca t sang sc khng
tnh, nV = 0.25 giy.m/ tn; n0 = 0.0025 giy.m/ tn;
g - gia tc trng tr|ng( g = 9.81m/ gy2)
Khi tnh theo cng thc ng Hilley rt gn th chi c th kim tra theo cng
thc:
e f HWr
0.5 e0
Qu
(4a)
13
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
14
e - chi ca cc( tnh trung bnh cho 20 cm cui cng), m;

sau:
ef - hiu sut c hc ca ba ng cc; mt s gi tr |c kin ngh nh|

- ba ri t do iu khin t ng, ef = 0.8
- ba i--zen, ef = 0.8
- ba ri t do nng bng cp ti, ef = 0.4
- ba hi n ng, ef = 0.6;
Bng 7: H s M
Loi t d|i mi cc
Si sn c ln ct
Ct: - ht trung v th
- ht nh cht va
- ct bi cht va
ct do, st v st cng
st v st - na cng
st v st - do cng
H s M
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Ch thch: Khi ct cht gi tr h s M |c tng thm 60%
H - chiu cao ri ba, m;

Wr - trng l|ng ca ba ng, T;
e0
2 e f HW r L p
FE e
Qu - kh nng mang ti cc hn ca cc, thng th|ng ly vi h s an ton Fs t 3

Lp - chiu di cc, m;
F - din tch tit din cc, m2
Ee - m un n hi ca vt liu cc, T/ m2.
5.12
Nu trong thit k mng cc ng c quy nh tm bin giao ng khi sp dng

rung cc th bin dao ng cc cc - ng |ng knh ngoi n 2m, vi tc
h cc t 2 n 20 cm trong 1 pht |c tnh theo cng thc:
Ad
trong :
153 ( 0 .85 N n N x )
P
Qv
nv
0 .7 O
(5)
tcvn 286 - 2003
A - bin ly bng 1 /2 lc ton phn ca giao ng nhng pht cui

tr|c lc dng rung, cm;
Nn - cng sut hu hiu ton phn giai on cui, KW;
Nx - cng sut vn hnh khng ti, i vi ba rung tn s thp, ly bng
25% cng sut thuyt minh ca ng c in, KW;
nv - tc quay ca b lch trong ba rung, vng / pht;
P - kh nng chu ti ca cc - ng, T;
O - h s ph thuc vo t s gia sc khng ng v sc khng tnh ca
t, cho trong bng 8 v bng 9;
Qv - trng l|ng ca h thng rung, bng tng trng l|ng ca ba rung v
chp u cc.
Bng 8- H s O cho ct
H s O cho t ct
Tn t
Th
Va
Nh
Ct no n|c
4.5
5.0
6.0
Ct m
3.5
4.0
5.0
Bng 9: H s O cho st
H s O cho t st khi st
Tn t
IL > 0.75
0.5<IL d 0.75
0.25<IL d 0.5
st, ct
4.0
3.0
2.5
St
3.0
2.2
2.0
Khi c nhiu lp t th O xc nh theo cng thc:
O h
h
i
(6)
trong :
Oi - h s ca lp th i;
hi - chiu dy ca lp th i, m.
5.13
Khi rung h cc trn v cc- ng, khng ta vo v na , m bo kh

nng mang ti ca cc, P, cn rung h on cui sao cho bin dao ng thc t
A khng v|t qu bin tnh ton Att theo v phi ca cng thc (5). Nu A > Att
15
16
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
chng t sc khng ca t ch|a t yu cu, cn phi tip tc rung h cho ti khi

tho mn cng thc nu trn th mi m bo kh nng mang ti ca cc.
Gi tr ca nv nu khng c thit b o th ly theo thng s trong l lch ba rung.
C th dng cc loi my trc c o bin dao ng, hoc dng cc thit b
t ghi. Trong tr|ng hp khng c thit b o th c th dng cch v |ng ngang
tht nhanh ln giy k dn sn vo thn cc, s thu |c |ng cong dao
ng. Ni cc nh trn v nh d|i thnh |ng gp khc, o chiu cao ln nht
vi chnh xc ti 0.1 cm ta thu |c lc ca dao ng chnh bng 2 ln bin
dao ng cn tm.
5.14
Tr s ca cc h s O trong cc bng 7 v 8 nn chun xc li theo kt qu nn

tnh cc th. Sau khi rung h cc v nn tnh cho ta kh nng chu ti ca cc P th
h s O cho iu kin t nn thc t |c tnh theo cng thc:
O
1.43P
153 (0.85 N n N x )
QV
An v
(7)
Cc thng s ca qu trnh rung ly nh| phn trn.

5.15
Ch cho php dng xi n|c h cc nhng ni cch xa nh v cng trnh hin

c trn 20 m. gim p sut, l|u l|ng n|c v cng sut my bm, cn phi kt
hp xi n|c vi ng hoc p cc bng u ba. Khi cn xi n|c trong ct v
ct su hn 20m phi km theo bm kh nn khong 2 y 3 m3 / pht vo vng
xi n|c.
i vi cc v cc ng c |ng knh nh hn 1m th cho php dng mt ng xi
t gia tit din. i vi cc cc ng |ng knh ln hn 1m th nn t cc ng
xi theo chu vi cc ng cch nhau 1y 1.5 m.
Khi h cc n mt cui cng th ng|ng vic xi n|c, tip tc ng hoc rung h
cc cho n khi t chi thit k m bo kh nng chu ti ca cc.
Nn p dng bin php xi n|c khi h cc trong t ct.
5.16
Cc ng xi n|c phi c u phun hnh nn. t |c hiu qu xi ln nht th

|ng knh u phun nn chim khong 0.4 y 0.45 |ng knh trong ca ng xi.
Khi cn tng tc h cc th ngoi u phun chnh tm cn lm thm cc l phun
nghing 300 n 400 so vi ph|ng ng xung quanh ng xi. |ng knh cc l
ny t 6 mm n 10 mm. p lc n|c cn thit, l|u l|ng n|c tu theo |ng
knh, chiu su cc v loi t c th tham kho trong bng 10.
Loi t
Bn, ct chy
Ct mn, bi, chy, bn
do chy, do mm
tcvn 286 - 2003
Bng 10-p lc n|c xi

Ct p ti |ng knh trong(mm)/ l|u l|ng
vi phun
(lt/pht) cho cc |ng knh,cm
Chiu su
2
(m)
(T/m )
30- 50
50- 70
37
50
5 - 15
4-8
400 1000
1000 1500
15 - 25
8 - 10
68
1000 1500
80
1500 2000
106
2000 3000
68
1500 2000
St v st
25 - 35
10 - 15
Ct ht trung, th
v ln si
5 - 15
6 - 10
80
1500 2500
50
1000 1500
ct do
15 - 25
10 - 15
80
1500 2500
106
2000 3000
106
2500 3000
106 131
2500 4000
st v st do cng
25- 35
- 20
Ch thch: Khi ng b cc cc di, tn dng cng sut ba th sau khi ng|ng xi n|c chnh
tm, nn xi tip thm pha ngoi phn trn ca cc. C th dng hai ng xi |ng knh trong
t 50mm n 68mm.
6. H cc bng ph|ng php p tnh

6.1
La chn thit b p cc cn tho mn cc yu cu sau:
6.2
6.3
- cng sut ca thit b khng nh hn 1.4 ln lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;

- lc p ca thit b phi m bo tc dng ng dc trc tm cc khi p t nh
cc v tc dng u ln cc mt bn cc khi p m, khng gy ra lc ngang ln
cc;
- thit b phi c chng ch kim nh thi hiu v ng h o p v cc van du
cng bng hiu chnh kch do c quan c thm quyn cp;
- thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh v an ton lao ng khi thi cng.
La chn h phn lc cho cng tc p cc ph thuc vo c im hin tr|ng, c
im cng trnh, c im a cht cng trnh, nng lc ca thit b p. C th to
ra h phn lc bng neo xun cht trong lng t, hoc dn cht ti bng vt nng
trn mt t khi tin hnh p tr|c, hoc t sn cc neo trong mng cng trnh
dng trng l|ng cng trnh lm h phn lc trong ph|ng php p sau. Trong mi
tr|ng hp tng trng l|ng h phn lc khng nn nh hn 1.1 ln lc p ln nht
do thit k quy nh.
Thi im bt u p cc khi phi dng trng l|ng cng trnh lm phn lc (p
sau) phi |c thit k quy nh ph thuc vo kt cu cng trnh, tng ti trng
17
18
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
lm h phn lc hin c v bin bn nghim thu phn i cc c l ch cc v h

neo chn sn theo cc quy nh v nghim thu kt cu BTCT hin hnh.
6.4
6.5
6.6
Kim tra nh v v thng bng ca thit b p cc gm cc khu:

- trc ca thit b to lc phi trng vi tim cc;
- mt phng cng tc ca sn my p phi nm ngang phng ( c th kim ta
bng thu chun ni v);
- ph|ng nn ca thit b to lc phi l ph|ng thng ng, vung gc vi sn
cng tc;
- chy th my kim tra n nh ca ton h thng bng cch gia ti khong
10 y 15% ti trng thit k ca cc.
on mi cc cn |c lp dng cn thn, kim tra theo hai ph|ng vung gc sao
cho lch tm khng qu 10 mm. Lc tc dng ln cc cn tng t t sao cho tc
xuyn khng qu 1cm/s. Khi pht hin cc b nghing phi dng p cn chnh li.
p cc on cc tip theo gm cc b|c sau:
a) kim tra b mt hai u on cc, sa cha cho tht phng; kim tra chi tit
mi ni; lp dng on cc vo v tr p sao cho trc tm on cc trng vi
trc on mi cc, nghing so vi ph|ng thng ng khng qu 1%;
b) gia ti ln cc khong 10 y 15% ti trng thit k sut trong thi gian hn ni
to tip xc gia hai b mt b tng; tin hnh hn ni theo quy nh trong thit
k.
c) tng dn lc p cc on cc xuyn vo t vi vn tc khng qu 2cm/s;
d) khng nn dng mi cc trong t st do cng qu lu( do hn ni hoc do
thi gian cui ca p...).
6.7
Khi lc nn b tng t ngt, c th gp mt trong cc hin t|ng sau:
6.8
- mi cc xuyn vo lp t cng hn;

- mi cc gp d vt;
- cc b xin, mi cc t vo g ni ca cc bn cnh.
Trong cc trung hp cn phi tm bin php x l thch hp, c th l mt
trong cc cch sau:
- cc nghing qu quy nh, cc b v phi nh ln p li hoc p b sung cc mi
(do thit k ch nh)
- khi gp d vt, va ct cht hoc st cng c th dng cch khoan dn hoc xi
n|c nh| ng cc;
Cc |c cng nhn l p xong khi tho mn ng thi hai iu kin sau y:
a) chiu di cc p vo t nn trong khong Lmin d Lc d Lmax,
trong : Lmin , Lmax l chiu di ngn nht v di nht ca cc |c thit k d bo
theo tnh hnh bin ng ca nn t trong khu vc, m;
Lc l chiu di cc h vo trong t so vi ct thit k;
e) lc p tr|c khi dng trong khong (Pep) min d (Pep)KT d (Pep)max
tcvn 286 - 2003
trong : (Pep) min l lc p nh nht do thit k quy nh;

(Pep)max l lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;
(Pep)KT l lc p ti thi im kt thc p cc, tr s ny |c duy tr vi
vn tc xuyn khng qu 1cm/s trn chiu su khng t hn ba ln |ng knh (
hoc cnh) cc.
Trong tr|ng hp khng t hai iu kin trn, Nh thu phi bo cho Thit k
c bin php x l.
6.9
Vic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng m chiu di cc
cho ti khi t ti (Pep) min, bt u t su ny nn ghi cho tng 20 cm cho ti
khi kt thc, hoc theo yu cu c th ca T| vn, Thit k.
6.10
i vi cc p sau, cng tc nghim thu i cc v kho u cc tin hnh theo

tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cng tc b tng v b tng ct thp hin hnh.
8. Gim st v nghim thu

8.1
Nh thu phi c k thut vin th|ng xuyn theo di cng tc h cc, ghi chp
nht k h cc. T| vn gim st hoc i din Ch u t| nn cng Nh thu
nghim thu theo cc quy nh v dng h cc nu phn trn cho tng cc ti hin
tr|ng, lp bin bn nghim thu theo mu in sn ( xem ph lc). Trong tr|ng hp
c cc s c hoc cc b h| hng Nh thu phi bo cho Thit k c bin php
x l thch hp; cc s c cn |c gii quyt ngay khi ang ng i tr, khi
nghim thu ch cn c vo cc h s hp l, khng c vn cn tranh chp.
8.2
Khi ng cc n su thit k m ch|a t chi quy nh th Nh thu phi

kim tra li quy trnh ng cc ca mnh, c th cc b xin hoc b gy, cn
tin hnh ng b sau khi cc |c ngh v cc th nghim kim tra nguyn
vn ca cc ( th nghim PIT) v th nghim phn tch sng ng sut (PDA) xc
nh nguyn nhn, bo Thit k c bin php x l.
8.3
Khi ng cc t chi quy nh m cc ch|a t su thit k th c th cc

gp ch|ng ngi, iu kin a cht cng trnh thay i, t nn b y tri...,
Nh thu cn xc nh r nguyn nhn c bin php khc phc.
8.4
Nghim thu cng tc thi cng cc tin hnh da trn c s cc h s sau:

a) h s thit k d|c duyt;
b) bin bn nghim thu trc c nh v trc mng cc;
c) chng ch xut x|ng ca cc theo cc iu khon nu trong phn 3 v cc
th|ng phm;
d) nht k h cc v bin bn nghim thu tng cc;
e) h s hon cng cc c thuyt minh sai lch theo mt bng v chiu su cng
cc cc b sung v cc thay i thit k |c chp thun;
f) cc kt qu th nghim ng cc ng( o chi v th nghim PDA nu c);
g) cc kt qu th nghim kim tra ton khi ca cy cc- th nghim bin dng
nh PIT theo quy nh ca Thit k;
h) cc kt qu th nghim nn tnh cc.
19
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
20
8.5
lch so vi v tr thit k ca trc cc trn mt bng khng |c v|t qu tr s

nu trong bng 11 hoc ghi trong thit k.
8.6
Nh thu cn t chc quan trc trong khi thi cng h cc( i vi bn thn cc,
tri ca cc cc ln cn v mt t, cc cng trnh xung quanh...).
8.7
Nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc tin hnh theo TCVN 4091 : 1985. H s
nghim thu |c l|u gi trong sut tui th thit k ca cng trnh.
8. An ton lao ng
8.1
Khi thi cng cc phi thc hin mi quy nh v an ton lao ng v m bo v

sinh mi tr|ng theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh.
8.2
Trong p cc, on cc mi bng thp phi c u chp. Phi c bin php an ton
khi dng hai on cc mi ni tip nhau p.
Bng 11- lch trn mt bng
Loi cc v cch b tr chng
lch trc cc cho php trn mt

bng
1. Cc c cnh hoc |ng knh n 0.5m

a) khi b tr cc mt hng
0.2d
b) khi b tr hnh bng hoc nhm 2 v 3 hng
- cc bin
0.2d
- cc gia
0.3d
c) khi b tr qa 3 hng trn hnh bng hoc bi
cc
0.2d
- cc bin
0.4d
-cc gia
5 cm
d) cc n
3 cm
e) cc chng
2. Cc cc trn rng |ng knh t 0.5 n 0.8m
10 cm
a) cc bin
15 cm
b) cc gia
8 cm
c) cc n d|i ct
lch trc ti mc trn cng ca
3. Cc h qua ng khoan dn( khi xy dng cu)
ng dn |c lp chc chn
khng v|t qu 0.025 D bn n|c(
y D- su ca n|c ti ni lp
ng dn) vr25 mm vng khng
n|c
Ch thch: S cc b lch khng nn v|t qu 25% tng s cc khi b tr theo di, cn khi b tr
cm d|i ct khng nn qu 5%. Kh nng dng cc c lch ln hn cc tr s trong bng s
do Thit k quy nh.
tcvn 286 - 2003
Ph lc A
(tham kho)

A1. Nht k ng cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k ng cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. H thng my ng cc..........................................................................................................
2. Loi ba ..................................................................................................................................
3. Trng l|ng phn p ca ba................................................................................................
4. p sut ( kh, hi), atm ...........................................................................................................
5. Loi v trng l|ng ca m cc, kg .......................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc)..................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ng.....................................................................................................................
2. Nhn hiu cc (theo t hp cc on cc)..............................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc ...................................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc .................................................................................................
5. chi thit k, cm ...............................................................................................................
cao ri
S nht p
su h cc chi ca 1
Ghi ch
N0 ln o
ba, cm
trong ln o
trong ln o
nht p, cm
1
2
3
4
5
6
K thut thi cng

K tn
T| vn gim st
K tn
i din Ch u t|
K tn
21
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
22
A2. Tng hp ng cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp ng cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
TT
Tn
cc
Loi
cc
Ngy/
ca
K thut thi cng

K tn
su, m
Thit Thc
k
t
5
6
Loi
ba
Tng s
nht p
T| vn gim st
K tn
chi, cm
Khi
Khi
ng kim tra
9
10
Ghi
ch
11
i din Ch u t|
K tn
tcvn 286 - 2003
A3. Nht k rung h cc ng

Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k rung h cc ng
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. Loi ba rung..........................................................................................................................
2. Loi v trng l|ng ca m cc, kg .......................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc...................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng .............................................................................................................................
2. |ng knh ngoi............................................... Chiu dy thnh .........................................
3. S l|ng v chiu di cc on cc ........................................................................................
4. Loi mi ni ca cc on cc. ..............................................................................................
5. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc. ..................................................................................
6. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc .................................................................................................
7. Cao ca nt t trong lng cc ..........................................................................................
8. Tc ln trong ln o sau cng ...........................................................................................
S liu v vn hnh ba rung
N0
ln
o
Thi
gian
o,
pht
ln
trong
ln o,
cm
Thi
gian
ngh,
pht
Lc
kch
ng,
tn
K thut thi cng

K tn
C|ng
dng
in,
A
6
in
th
dng
in,
V
7
T| vn gim st
K tn
Cao ca t
trong lng cc
Bin
Tr|c
Sau khi
dao
khi o
ng,
o b
b
mm
8
9
10
Ghi
ch
11
i din Ch u t|
K tn
23
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
24
A.4. Tng hp rung h cc

Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp rung h cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
su, m
TT
Tn
cc
Loi
cc
Ngy
ca
K thut thi cng

K tn
Thit
k
Thc
t
Cc s liu v ln o sau cng

Lc
Loi
kch
ba
ng,
rung
tn
7
T| vn gim st
K tn
A.5. Nht k p cc
Cng
sut
yu
cu,
KW
9
Tc
h,
m/ph
Cao
li
t,
m
Ghi
ch
10
11
12
i din Ch u t|
K tn
tcvn 286 - 2003
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Nht k p cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
1. Loi my p cc......................................................................................................................
2. p lc ti a ca bm du, kg/cm2 .........................................................................................
3. L|u l|ng bm du, l/ pht ....................................................................................................
4. Din tch hu hiu ca pittng, cm2 .......................................................................................
5. S giy kim nh ...................................................................................................................
Cc s ( theo mt bng bi cc)..................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng p.........................................................................................................................
2. S l|ng v chiu di cc on cc ........................................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc. ..................................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc .................................................................................................
5. Lc p quy nh trong thit k ( min, max), tn .....................................................................
su p
Ngy, gi
p
k hiu on
su, m
K thut thi cng

K tn
Gi tr lc p
lc p,
p lc,
tn
kg/cm2
4
5
T| vn gim st
K tn
Ghi ch
6
i din Ch u t|
K tn
25
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
26
A.6. Tng hp p cc
Tn Nh thu:.................................................................
Cng trnh: ....................................................................
Bo co tng hp p cc
( T N0.....................n N0.................)
Bt u.....................Kt thc......................
TT
Tn
cc
Ngy/
ca
Loi
cc
K hiu
on
cc
Lc p
khi dng,
tn
K thut thi cng

K tn
T| vn gim st
K tn
su, m
Thit
k
7
Thc
t
8
Loi
my
p
Ghi ch
10
i din Ch u t|
K tn
tcvn 286 - 2003
Ph lc B
(tham kho)

H| hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng

Khi ng cc b tng ct thp c th xy ra cc h| hng sau y c lin quan ti cng
ngh ng:
- rn nt v st m u cc;
- c khe nt dc bt k on no trn thn cc, nh|ng th|ng c nhiu on u
cc;
- khe nt ngang th|ng vng u hoc gia 1/ 3 thn cc;
- khe nt ngang, chuyn thnh khe nt xin 450 phn cc trn mt t.
Nguyn nhn h| hng dng th nht th|ng do tp trung ng sut cc b do nht
p ca ba khng chnh tm, hoc do cc tm gim xung m cc khng t yu cu
gy ra. Cho nn khi thi cng ng cc cn th|ng xuyn kim tra ng trc ca cc,
m cc v ba, trng thi cc tm m gim xung trn v d|i ca m cc c bit l
vung gc ca mt phng tm m trn v mt phng u cc so vi trc cc; ng
nht ca vt liu tm m d|i cng nh| khe h ca h ng vi cn ba.
S xut hin cc vt nt dc thn cc c quan h vi s gia tng chung ca ng
sut v|t qu sc bn chu nn ng ca b tng cc d|i tc dng ca ti trng lp. H|
hng ny kh d nht l do chiu cao ri ba ln hoc tm m gim xung qu cng.
Nguyn nhn khc c th l mi cc gp t qu cng hoc ch|ng ngi rn. Khi s
to ra sng nn phn hi cng vo vi sng nn trc din lm tng ng sut nn trong
thn cc. Ngn nga h| hng ny bng cch gim chiu cao ri ba v thay cc tm m
c n hi ln hn. Th|ng hay dng cch thay vt liu tm m v cch ny t nh
h|ng ti chi ca nht ba. ng sut nn ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc nh
theo ph|ng php trnh by trong ph lc 8.
Khi chi ca cc b gim nhiu (nh hn 0.2 cm) do dng cc bin php trn,
m cn phi h cc ti su thit k, nn chuyn i dng ba nng hn hoc tm cch
gim sc khng ca t ( khoan dn, xi n|c v.v).
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nt ngang l do thn cc b un khi mi cc b
lch khi h|ng xut pht v gp ch|ng ngi hoc cn ba b lch, b lc. Nu cn ba b
lch th nguyn nhn chnh l my ch ng trn nn ln khng u. Hin din ca m
men un, quan h vi lch ca cc hoc ba ng so vi v tr ban u d dng nhn ra
do cc b x v mt pha sau khi nng ba v m cc ra ngoi. Cho nn khi ng cc cn
phi theo di thng ng ca cc theo hai ph|ng vung gc nhau bng my trc c.
Nguyn nhn khc gy vt nt ngang l cc sng ko, c th hnh thnh trong cc
khi bt u ng, cng nh| khi mi cc xuyn trong t yu hoc khi dng xi n|c,
khoan dn.
Sc khng ca t b yu biu hin qua chi c tr s ln, v th khi khng cho
php xut hin vt nt ngang cn phi khng ch chi ln nht trong thi gian ng
cc BTCT theo di nh| sau:
27
28
n 10 m
5 y 6 cm
10 y 15 m
4 y 5 cm
15 y 20 m
3 y 4 cm
trn 20 m
2 y 3 cm
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
Khi chi ln hn cc tr snu trn cn gim chiu cao ri ba hoc dng vt liu m
t cng hn.
ng sut ko ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc nh theo ph|ng php trnh
by trong ph lc C.
Vt nt xin ( th|ng vi gc gn 450) th|ng xut hin do cc ni lc xon gy ra
khi m cc hoc cc b xoay, hoc do tc dng ng thi ca lc ko v xon. Du hiu
ca tc dng m men xon l xoay ca u cc so vi v tr ban u kh nng ba v
m cc ra v c vt t mt gc ca cc vo tm m g d|i. Khi cn phi xoay cn
ba, hoc dng m cc c cu to khng cn tr cc xoay quanh trc, hoc chuyn sang
cc trn.
tcvn 286 - 2003
Ph lc C
(tham kho)

Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng

1. Theo quy phm Lin x
Li gii trnh by d|i y da trn l thuyt sng nht p |c KanshinPlutalov- Smidth gin l|c. Thc cht ca ph|ng php ny nh| sau. Cc |c chia thnh
nhiu phn t cng, ni vi nhau bng cc lin kt k n c tr|ng bin dng ca vt liu
cc. u ba, sab, m cc |c xem nh| cc phn t trong h. m g gim xung mang
tnh n- nht, t nn xung quanh cc v d|i mi cc c tnh n- nht do. i vi
mi phn t ca h quy |c ng|i ta thnh lp h ph|ng trnh m t trng thi ca phn
t trong khong thi gian rt ngn t, xem tc ng ca cc phn t k bn v mi
tr|ng t bn ngoi ln phn t ang xt v tc dch chuyn ca n l c nh. Bng
cch gii lp tun t cc ph|ng trnh cho tng phn t c th xc nh ni lc bin v
suy ra cc ng sut ti thi im bt k trong chu trnh nht p. Hin nay c nhiu
cng trnh nghin cu v l thuyt truyn sng |c cng b trong cc hi ngh quc t.
Tuy nhin cch tnh ng sut ng bng cch tra bng ca cc tc gi Lin X vn c th
p dng cho cng tc ng cc.
Tr s ng sut ng nn, ko ln nht trong thn cc BTCT, b tr ct thp dc
n 0.05, do ba ng i- -zen v ba hi n ng gy ra c th tnh theo cng thc:
Vn,k = K K1 K2 K3 K4,
trong :
(C1)
Vn,k - ng sut nn, ko trong thn cc, kG / cm2;

K - h s tin cy ly bng 1.1 cho ng sut nn v 1.3 cho ng sut ko;
K1 - h s, ph thuc vo t s trng l|ng phn p ca ba trn din tch
tit din ( netto) cc, kG / cm2;
K2 - h s, ph thuc vo chiu cao ri tnh ton phn p ca ba, H;
K3 - h s, ph thuc vo cng ca vt liu tm m d|i ca m cc;
K4 - h s, ph thuc vo chiu di L ca cc, v c|ng tiu chun, Rn,
ca t nn d|i mi cc, tnh theo cc ch tiu c|ng ca t nn, theo
bng A1 ca Tiu chun thit k mng cc;
Tr s ca cc h s K1, K2, K3, K4 cho ba i--zen kiu ng cho trong cc bng

C1 y C4, cho ba hi n ng trong cc bng C5 y C8 d|i dng phn s, t s dng
tnh ng sut nn, mu s dng tnh ng sut ko.
29
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
30
Bng C1- H s K1
0.8
131

73
Q/F, kG/ cm2

K1,kG/ cm2
1
148

65
1.2
161

58
1.4
170

51
1.6
178

45
1.8
186

39
2.8
215

16
3
220

13
Bng C1- H s K1(tip theo)

2
193

33
Q/F, kG/ cm2

K1,kG/ cm2
2.2
199

28
2.4
205

23
2.6
210

19
Bng C2- H s K2
Chiu
cao ri
H, cm
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
K2
0.58

0.35
0.76

0.45
0.84

0.55
0.92

0.75
1.00

1.00
1.08

1.25
1.16

1.55
Bng C3- H s K3
cng m
Kp, kg/ cm2
K3
50
0.58

0.20
100
0.78

0.40
150
0.87

0.60
200
0.94

0.80
300
1.05

1.16
400
1.14

1.36
500
1.22

1.50
1000
1.52

1.80
1100
1.57

1.83
1200
1.62

1.85
Bng C3- H s K3 (tip theo)

cng m
Kp, kg/ cm2
K3
600
1.29

1.60
700
1.35

1.67
800
1.41

1.72
900
1.47

1.76
tcvn 286 - 2003
Bng C4-H s K4
H s K4 ng vi c|ng tiu chun ca t nn d|i mi cc Rn, T/m2
Chiu
di
cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8
1100
800
600
400
250
150
100
50
1.03

0.44
1.02

0.40
1.01

0.35
0.99

0.30
0.98

0.20
1.03

0.66
1.01

0.60
1.00

0.53
0.99

0.44
0.97

0.30
1.02

0.88
1.01

0.80
1.00

0.70
0.98

0.59
0.96

0.40
1.02

1.10
1.00

1.00
0.99

0.88
0.97

0.74
0.95

0.50
1.01

1.37
1.00

1.25
0.98

1.10
0.96

0.93
0.93

0.63
1.01

1.65
0.99

1.50
0.97

1.32
0.94

1.11
0.92

0.75
1.00

1.93
0.98

1.75
0.96

1.54
0.92

1.29
0.88

0.88
1.00

2.58
0.98

2.25
0.95

2.00
0.91

1.70
0.86

1.30
4.0
196

22
4.5
203

18
5.0
209

15
Bng C5- H s K1
Q/F, kG/ cm2
K1, kG/ cm2
1.5
140

82
2.0
155

64
2.5
165

48
3.0
177

36
3.5
185

28
Bng C6- H s K2
Chiu cao ri
H, cm
K2
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.55

0.47
0.71

0.67
0.87

0.84
1.00

1.00
1.12

1.14
1.23

1.27
31
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
32
Bng C7- H s K3
cng m
Kp, kg/ cm2
K3
50
0.50

0.47
100
0.78

0.40
150
0.87

0.60
200
0.94

0.80
300
1.05

1.21
400
1.14

1.48
500
1.20

1.65
Bng C7- H s K3 (tip theo)

cng m
Kp, kg/ cm2
K3
600
1.32

1.76
700
1.40

1.84
800
1.48

1.90
900
1.56

1.95
1000
1.64

2.00
1100
1.72

2.04
1200
1.79

2.08
Bng C8- H s K4
Chi
u di
cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8
H s K4 ng vi c|ng tiu chun ca t nn d|i mi cc Rn, T/m2

1100
800
600
400
250
150
100
50
1.04

0.52
1.03

0.47
1.02

0.40
1.00

0.30
0.96

0.16
1.03

0.78
1.02

0.70
1.02

0.60
0.99

0.44
0.95

0.24
1.03

1.04
1.02

0.94
1.01

0.80
0.98

0.59
0.94

0.32
1.02

1.30
1.01

1.17
1.00

1.00
0.97

0.74
0.93

0.40
1.02

1.56
1.01

1.41
1.00

1.20
0.97

0.89
0.93

0.48
1.01

1.82
1.01

1.64
1.00

1.40
0.97

1.03
0.93

0.56
1.01

2.03
1.00

1.87
0.99

1.60
0.96

1.18
0.92

0.64
1.01

2.40
1.00

2.20
0.99

1.90
0.96

1.50
0.92

0.90
Ch thch: 1. xc nh ng sut nn ln nht khi ng bng ba i--zen cn theo

cng thc (1) ring h s K ly bng 1, cn cc h s khc nh| trong bng C1 y C4;
2. Cc gi tr trung gian ca cc h s trong bng C1yC8 ly theo chia
khong;
tcvn 286 - 2003
3. Tn tht nng l|ng trong kt cu ba ly bng 15% cho ba ng v

10% cho ba hi n ng. Vi cc tn tht trong phm vi nu trn th
tr s chiu cao ri ba tnh ton, H, trong bng C2 v C6 trng vi
chiu cao ri thc t. Khi tn tht khc cc gi tr nu trn th chiu cao
ri ba tnh ton v thc t c quan h sau:
m'
H H1
(C2)
m
H v H1 - chiu cao ri ba tnh ton v thc t;
m- h s tn tht nng l|ng thc t, trong ba i--zen ng ly bng
0.8 y 0.9, trong ba hi ly bng 0.7 y 0.9
m- h s tn tht nng l|ng tnh ton, trong ba i--zen ng ly bng
0.85, trong ba hi ly bng 0.9.
4. cng ca tm m Kp tnh theo cng thc:
E tt
Kp
(C3)
K nlb
Ett - m un n hi tnh ton ca vt liu tm m, kG/cm2, ly theo bng
C9 ph thuc vo ng sut nn cho tr|c ln nht V trong cc. Nu khi tnh
theo cng thc (1) |c ng sut Vn chnh vi V qu 10% th phi tra bng
tnh li;
Kn - h s nn cht ca vt liu tm m, ly theo bng C9;
lb - chiu dy ban u ca tm m tr|c khi nn, cm.
cng ca tm m nhiu lp xc nh theo cng thc:
1
Kp
1
1
1

.......
K p1 K p 2
K pn
(C4)
Bng C9- M un n hi ca tm m m cc
TT
Vt liu tm m
1
2
G thng mi loi th
G si th vung gc vi
h|ng nn
Vn p
Cao su chu nhit c
xp, %:
10
15
20
25
3
4
H s nn
Kpn
0.40
0.60
M un Ett, kG/cm2 ng vi ng sut V,

kG/ cm2 cho tr|c l:
50
100
150
200
250
900
1700
2500
3200
3600
2600
3400
4100
4600
4800
0.70
2800
3800
4100
4600
4800
1
1
1
1
1100
800
600
500
2300
1800
1500
1300
3200
2600
2300
2000
3700
3200
2900
2700
3900
3500
3200
3000
5. Trong tr|ng hp cn thit c th dng cng htc (1) gii bi ton ng|c.
33
34
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
Th d tnh ton. Cc BTCT tit din 40 x 40 cm, di 16 m ng bng ba D35 vo t

st do cng(IL = 0.4) n su 15m. Vt liu tm m m cc l vn x th ngang
h|ng ng. Chiu dy ban u tr|c khi nn l 20 cm. S nht ba cho php tr|c khi
i tm m l 1000.
Xc nh ng sut nn ln nht u cc v ng sut ko ln nht trong thn cc
lc khi u ng vi chiu cao ri ba l 170 cm; tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc
khi sp kt thc vi chiu cao ri 220 cm. Trng l|ng phn p qu ba 3500 kG. Tng
trng l|ng qu ba 7200 kG, trng l|ng m cc 500kG, tn tht nng l|ng trong ba
15%
1. Tnh cc thng s cn thit
a) Q / F = 3500 / 40 / 40 = 2.2 kG / cm2
b) Lc khi u ng, sc khng ca t nn d|i mi cc bng tng trng l|ng
ba, m cc v cc chia cho din tch tit din cc:
Rn0 = (7.2 +0.5 +6.4) / 0.16 = 90 T/ m 2
c) Khi kt thc ng, sc khng ca t nn d|i mi cc( tra bng A1 ca Tiu
chun thit k mng cc) l Rn15 = 280 T/ m2.
2.
a)
b)
c)
Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng

Theo bng 1 tnh ra K1 = 199.
Theo bng 2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0.71.
Gi s ng sut nn V = 150 kG/cm2, tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo
cng thc (3) : Kp = 2500 / 0.4 / 20 = 312 kG/ cm3
d) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K3 = 1.06.
e) Theo bng 4 tnh ra K4 = 0.96
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng l:
Vn = 1.10 x 199 x 0.71 x 1.06 x 0.96 = 158 kG/ cm2.
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh V = 150 kG/cm2 khng chnh nhau ng k , nn
ly ng sut nn l Vn = 158 kG/cm2 .
3.
a)
b)
c)
Tnh ng sut ko ln nht u cc khi mi ng

Theo bng 1 tnh ra K1 = 28.
Theo bng 2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0.71.
Theo bng 9, vi ng sut nn V = Vn = 158 kG/cm2, m un n hi tnh ton
ca m l 2610 kG/ cm2; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (3)
: Kp = 2610 / 0.4 / 20 = 326 kG/ cm3
e) Theo bng 4 tnh ra K4 = 1.63.
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut ko ln nht thn cc khi mi ng l:
Vk = 1.3 x 28 x 0.43 x 1.21 x 1.63 = 31 kG/ cm2.
4. Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi sp kt thc
a) Theo bng 1 tnh ra K1 = 199.
b) Theo bng 2, vi H = 220 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0.90.
tcvn 286 - 2003
c) Gi thit ng sut nn ln nht l 200 kG/ cm2, theo bng 9 m un n hi

ca g l 3200 kg /cm2; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (3) :
Kp = 3200 / 0.4 / 20 = 400 kG/ cm3
e) Theo bng 4 vi L = 16 m, Rn15 = 280 T/ m2 tnh ra K4 = 1.0.
f) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
Vn = 1.1 x 199 x 0.9 x 1.14 x 1.0 = 222 kG/ cm2.
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh V = 200 kG/cm2 chnh nhau ng k , nn tnh li
vi l Vn = 222 kG/cm2, m un n hi s l 3640 kG/ cm2 v cng ca tm m s
l: Kp = 3640 / 0.4 / 20 = 455 kG/ cm3 .
g) Theo bng 3 tnh ra K3 = 1.14.
h) Theo cng thc (1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
Vn = 1.1 x 199 x 0.9 x 1.18 x 1.0 = 232 kG/ cm2.
C.2. Theo Broms B.B.
ng sut nn ln nht c th xc nh theo cng thc:
Vn
1 Fc
Fh
2 eE
E ec J c
E eh J h
ep
J pH
F
1 p
Fc
E ep J p
E ec J c
y: Vn = ng sut nn ln nht trong cc (kG/cm2);

H = cao ri ba, cm;
D = 0.6 i vi ba ri t do;
D = 2 i vi ba izen;
e = h s hiu sut ba- cc, e = 0.6 cho ba ri t do v e = 0.8 cho ba izen;
F = din tch tit din, cm2;
Ee = m un n hi, kG/cm2;
J = trng l|ng n v, kG/cm3;
cc k hiu h, c, p chn ca Ee , J, F t|ng ng cho ba(hammer), m
cc(cushion) v cc(pile).
ng sut ko trong cc BTCT th|ng dao ng trong khong 30 y 40% Vn. Nn thit k
chng nt do ko ba cp ng sut ko l 50, 55 v 60 kG/cm2.
Ph lc D
35
36
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
(tham kho)

Cu to m cc
M cc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cng tc thi cng cc ng, va m bo
cho cc khng b nt, v, m cn gi cho sab ca ba khng b h| hi. Thng th|ng
cc c s sn xut ba u cung cp ng b c gin ba cng loi m cc t|ng ng.
Tuy nhin, trong iu kin n|c ta ch|a ch to |c dn ba, c th thay th m cc ch
sn bng cch t gia cng bng hn. Ph lc gii thiu cc thnh phn cu to chnh ca
m cc c th gia cng |c m cc khi cn thit.
Khi ng cc bng ba hi n ng v ba i--zen kiu ng nn dng m cc
dng ch H c hoc hn c khoang trn v khoang d|i. Khi ng cc bng ba i--zen
kiu cn v ba hi song ng c th dng m cc dng ch U ch c mnh khoang d|i(
xem hnh v).
M cc phi c l tai hoc vng treo ngoc vo u ba trong t| th thng ng
bng cp. Khoang trn th|ng c dng hnh trn su 100 y150 mm cho ba hi v
200y300 mm cho ba i--zen. Khoang trn cha gim chn gim ti trng ng ln
ba cng nh| ln chnh m cc. |ng knh khoang trn th|ng rng hn |ng knh
sab ca ba khong 10 y 15 mm hoc khng nh hn kch c ngoi ca ba hi.
Gim chn trn th|ng |c lm t cc loi g cng (si, thng, sn, tu, lt...) ct
dc th, t vung gc chun vi trc chnh. B dy ca tm gim chn trn ph thuc
vo trng
l|ng phn p ca ba; vi ba i--zen kiu ng c trng l|ng phn p l 1250,
1800, 2500, 3500, 5000 kG th chiu dy m khng nh hn t|ng ng l 150, 200, 200,
250, 300 mm; vi ba hi khng nh hn 250 y 300 mm.
Nghim cm vic dng tm gim chn trn b gip nt, c th xy ra nht p
trc tip ca ba vo m thp.
Kch c khoang d|i ca m cc th|ng ch rng hn kch th|c tit din coc 1
cm. Chiu su khoang d|i khong 500 - 600 mm. Tm gim chn d|i c th lm t cc
vt liu khc nhau( xem bng 9 ph lc 8). B dy ca m d|i khi ng cc b tng ct
thp ph thuc vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba v cc, c im t nn v
xc nh nh tnh ton (xem ph lc C).
a)
tcvn 286 - 2003
b)
S m cc
2
1
5
9
8
4
3
5
6
7
8
c)
d)
10
1
4
5
6
8
b) Cho ba iezen kiu cn
c) Cho ba hi n ng
d) ng cc ng BTCT
1 - Ba; 2 - Khoang trn; 3 - Gim trn trn; 4 - Vnh trn

1
a) Cho ba iezen kiu ng
11
5 - Vch ngang; 6 - Vnh di; 7 - Gim chn di;
4
5
6
7
8
8 - Khoang di; 9 - ai; 10 - L c trong

gim chn trn di u ba; 11 - Li nn tr
Kch c khoang d|i ca m cc th|ng ch rng hn kch th|c tit din coc 1
cm. Chiu su khoang d|i khong 500 - 600 mm. Tm gim chn d|i c th lm t cc
vt liu khc nhau( xem bng 9 ph lc C). B dy ca m d|i khi ng cc b tng ct
thp ph thuc vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba v cc, c im t nn v
xc nh nh tnh ton (xem ph lc C).
37
38
tcxdvn 286 - 2003
Ph lc E
(tham kho)

Biu ghi chi ng cc

Ln o:
Ng|i o:
K thut Nh thu:
T| vn gim st:
V d: Biu ghi chi cc ng ti Nh my xi mng Nghi Sn

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B xy dng

cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

Quyt nh ca B tr|ng b xy dng

KT/b tr|ng b xy dng

PGS,TSKH Nguyn vn lin

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcvn 286 - 2003

TCXDVN 286 : 2003 thay th mt phn cho mc 7 TCXD 79 : 1980.

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcxdvn 286 - 2003

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcvn 286 - 2003

ng v p cc - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu

Tiu chun vin dn

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcxdvn 286 - 2003

Trc c nh v cc trc mng cn |c tin hnh t cc mc chun theo ng quy

Chuyn ch, bo qun, nng dng cc vo v tr h cc phi tun th cc bin php

3.5.1 Nh thu cn c vo h s thit k, yu cu ca Ch u t| v iu kin mi

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcvn 286 - 2003

g) kim tra kch th|c thc t ca cc;

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcxdvn 286 - 2003

sai lch cho php

4.2.1 Cc thp th|ng |c ch to t thp ng hoc thp hnh cn nng. Chiu di cc

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcvn 286 - 2003

La chn ba ng cc theo kh nng chu ti ca cc trong thit k v trng

E - Nng l|ng p ca ba, kGm;

Loi ba |c chn vi nng l|ng nht p Ett phi tho mn iu kin:

k - h s quy nh trong bng 2;

i vi ba i--zen, gi tr tnh ton nng l|ng p ly bng:

Q - trng l|ng phn p ca ba, kG;

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcxdvn 286 - 2003

Khi cn phi ng xuyn qua cc lp t cht nn dng cc ba c nng l|ng p

Ct no n|c, bn, st do Khng xi n|c v ly t ra

Ch thch: Khi chn ba rung h cc ng c |ng knh ln hn 1.2 m nn |u tin cho cc

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcvn 286 - 2003

Khi rung h cc bnh th|ng tc l cc thng s ba rung n nh, cc khng gp

Khi ng cc bng ba phi dng m cc v m g ph hp vi tit din ngang ca

Trong qu trnh h cc cn ghi chp nht k theo mu in sn (c th xem ph lc

Vo cui qu trnh ng cc khi chi gn t ti tr s thit k th vic ng cc

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcxdvn 286 - 2003

lc hi cho tng pht; khi dng ba di--zen th chi |c xc nh t tr trung

Trong giai on u khi ng cc bng ba n ng nn ghi s nht ba v

Trong tr|ng hp khi thi cng thay i cc thng s ca ba hoc cc |c ch

Nu chi d| ,e, nh hn 0.2 cm( vi iu kin l ba dng ng ph hp vi

Trong cc cng thc trn:

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcvn 286 - 2003

Q - trng l|ng phn p ca ba, T;

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam

tcxdvn 286 - 2003

e - chi ca cc( tnh trung bnh cho 20 cm cui cng), m;

ef - hiu sut c hc ca ba ng cc; mt s gi tr |c kin ngh nh|

Ch thch: Khi ct cht gi tr h s M |c tng thm 60%

H - chiu cao ri ba, m;

Qu - kh nng mang ti cc hn ca cc, thng th|ng ly vi h s an ton Fs t 3

Nu trong thit k mng cc ng c quy nh tm bin giao ng khi sp dng

TIU CHUN xy dng vit nam