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1. Introduction
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) intended to improve the existing transmission tunnel of
various sections with the diameters varies from 2.0 m to 2.8 m and the total length of 14 km
approximately, which was constructed more than 30 years. The existing water transmission tunnel
mentioned above has been suffered from the leakage in the entire tunnel section due to
insufficiency of water tightness of the reinforced concrete (RC) secondary lining and construction
joints. This has caused the Authority to reduce water delivery capacity of the transmission tunnel in
order to maintain the transmission flow under minimizing leakage as much as possible, therefore
the tunnel has not been fully utilized its capacity. Moreover, these leakages created the void or soft
spot in the ground surrounding the tunnel that may effect to the adjacent buildings and other
infrastructures as well as inducing risky subsidence. By this reason, it was urgently required that
the tunnel be improved by rehabilitate the existing RC lining to stop leakages.
The Project intends to furnish re-lining on the existing RC lining utilizing more appropriate lining
material rather than the existing RC lining such as steel lining for the whole length of tunnel. Prior
to start the construction, it was concerns that the void surrounding the existing tunnel created by water
leakage from the tunnel should be completely filled in order to avoid the collapse of the void, which will
cause large settlement on the surface. For this purpose the void investigation by resistivity survey and
drilling were carried out. Filling the void by jet grouting or material filling was carried out prior to tunnel
dewatering. It is confirmed that filling the void prior to tunnel dewatering can provide preventive
measures for settlement on the ground surface. The installation of steel tube in such very limited
circumference clearance (10 cm approximately) in the tunnel was really difficult, thus, it was requested
to carry out the survey to check the tunnel inside condition and prepared a wriggle diagram to plan and
arrange the steel tube installation.
The Project has been successfully completed as schedule, by which the Authority has beneficial used
the rehabilitated transmission tunnel for delivering treated water with full tunnel flow capacity to the
downstream water supply system.
The rehabilitation works for Sections I and III were started at the same time with 6 months period
for preparation work and void filling at the leakage points, 4.5 months for void grouting and steel
tube installation and 2.5 months for test, reinstallation and restoration works. The total
construction period for Sections I and III was 13 months.
Section II was started at 7th month with 6 months for preparation work and void filling at the
leakage points. After finish the works of Sections I and III, the steel tube installation work was
started at 14th month with 7 months for void grouting and steel tube installation works. Test,
reinstallation and restoration works took about 4 months. Thus, the total construction period for
Section II was 17 months.
Sections IV was started at 19th month with 6 months for preparation work and void filling at the
leakage points and the whole works for tunnel rehabilitation including steel tube installation, test,
reinstallation and restoration works was finished within 2 months. The total construction period for
Section IV was 8 months.
The total construction period for the whole project was 26 months.
3. Construction Methodology
The construction sequence for each section of tunnel rehabilitation is described in the following:
(1)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(9)
5.
References
[1]
American Water Works Association. (2004) Steel Pipe: A Guide for Design and
Installation, Manual of Water Supply Practices-M11, 4th Ed., 239p.