Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Petrochemicals Division Mass Balance Test Jan 2010 2hours 1- One thousand kilograms per hour of a mixture containing equal parts by mass of methanol and water is distilled. Product stream leave the top and the bottom of the distillation column. The flow rate of the bottom stream is measured and found to be 673 kg/ h, and the overhead stram is analyzed and found to contain 96.0 wt% methanol. a- Draw and label a flowchart of the process and do the degree-of- freedom analysis. b- Calculate the mass faction of methanol and the mass flow rates of methanol and water in the bottom product stream. Methanol CHOH © C=12 H=1 016 (8 points) 2- Ammonia is burned to form nitric oxide in the following reaction: 4NHs + 50. ——+4NO + 6H,0 a- Calculate the ratio (Ib-mole 02 react/ Ib-mole NO formed). b- If ammonia id fed to a continuous reactor at a rate of 100.0 kmol NHs/h, what oxygen feed rate (kmol/h) would correspond to 40.0% excess 0,? c If 50.0 kg of ammonia and 100.0 kg of oxygen are fed to a batch reactor, determine the limiting reactant, the percentage by which the other reactant is in excess, and the extent of reaction (mol) and mass of NO produced (kg) if reaction proceeds to completion. N=14 Hel (O=16 (12 points) 3- The reaction: CxHg ——*CzHy + He CH + Hp ——> 2CHa Take place in a continuous reactor at steady state. The feed contains 85.0 mole% ethane (C:H.) and the balance inerts (I). The fractional conversion of ethane is 0.501, and the fractional yield of ethylene is 0.471. calculate the molar composition of product gas and selectivity of ethylene to methane production. (14 points)4- Ethane is burned with 50% excess air. The percentage conversion of the ethane is 90%; of the ethane burned, 25% reacts to form CO and balance reacts to form CO2, calculate the molar composition of the stack gas on a «dry basis and the mole ratio of water to dry stack gas. Catig+-L 0; ——+ 2002 + 34,0 He + + 0, ——+2C0, + 3H0 {16 points)Alexandria University ‘SSP Aye) Laat Faculty of Engineering . Msg Ls Specialized Scientific Programs Feauadiad Ayah Gal lh Jan, 2010 4 Course title Number: » A gag ty a al pa Materials Science MSE 201 Time allowed:3 hours Slot 3 Gast Answer all the following questions as in their indicated order Put your final answer in a box and indicate any numerical values with its units. Write using a blue or black pen, No pencils except for drawing, Do not answer the same question more than once. Avogadro’s Number= 6.02310 Question 1; State Right or False (6 pt) The number of valence electrons for Ga (Z= 31) is 2. 2. Syndiotactic polymers are more easily crystallized than atactic polymers. 3. The liquification of Clz is due to the induced dipole bonds. In kaolinite, the bonding within this two-layered sheet is strong covalent bonds; adjacent sheets are only loosely bound to one another by weak van der Waals forces. 5. Resilient materials are those having high yield strengths and low moduli of elasticity; 6. In the Transcrystalline fracture, the fracture cracks pass through the grains. Hardness is a measure of a material's resistance to localized elastic deformation. The creep rate is constant in the secondary creep phase, The secondary creep rate decreases at the increase in the temperature or stress, . Polystyrene chains are more resistant to rotational motion than are polyethylene chains. - Isomerism denotes the situation in which atoms are linked together in the same order but. differ in their spatial arrangement. 12. The coordination number is 6 for both ion types in the cesium chloride structure. 2: (11 Describe four major factors that will affect the fatigue strength of a metal. (3 pt) copolymer consists of equal weight percentages of polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, and polystyrene. Calculate the mole fraction of each component in this material. What is the degree of polymerization if the average molecular weight is 100000 g/mol? (4 pt) HHHH a ett N polyacrylonitrile H H polybutadiene Atomic weights (amu): H=1; C=12; N= |; O=16, Page 1 of 4 Dr. Yehia El Shazly ;3. Molecular weight data for some polymer are tabulated here, Compute (@) The number-average molecular weight, and (2pt) (©) The weight-average molecular weight. (2pt) Molecular Weight Range (g/mol) shia ™ 8,000~20,000 0.05 0.02 20,000-32,000 0.15 0.08 32,000-44,000 0.21 e 0.17 44,000-56,000 0.28 0.29 56,000-68,000 0.18 023 68,000-80,000 0.10 0.16 80,000-92,000 0.03 0.05 2. Pure iron goes through a polymorphic change from BCC to FCC upon heating through 912 °C. Calculate the volume change and density change associated with the change in crystal structure from BCC to FCC if at 912 °C, the BCC unit cell has a lattice constant a =0.293 and the FCC unit cell a = 0.363 nm, Note : atomic weight of iron 55.85 g/gatom (3 pt) Question 3: (26 pt) 1. A circular specimen of MgO is loaded using a three-point bending mode. Compute the minimum possible radius of the specimen without fracture, given that the applied load is $560 N, the flexural strength is 105 MPa, and the separation between load points is 45 mm, Gpp Page 2 of 4 Dr. Yehia El Shasly ™5. A specimen of a 4340 steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 54.8 MPa\m is exposed to a stress of 1030 MPa .Will this specimen experience fracture if it is known that the largest surface crack is 0.5 mm long? Why or why not? Assume that the parameter Y has a value of 1.0. (3 pt) 2 . A 15.2 mm diameter cylindrical rod fabricated from a 2014-T6 aluminum alloy is subjected to a repeated tension-compression load cycling along its axis. Compute the maximum and minimum loads that will be applied to yield a fatigue life of 1.0 x 10® cycles. Assume that the stress plotted on the vertical axis is stress amplitude, and data were taken for a mean stress of 35 MPa. (4 pt) 8 T 8 T ‘Stress amplitude, S (MPa) T 8 T 1045 steel 2014—T6 aluminum alloy 8 L 3 ‘Stress amplitude (ks!) i 8 8 8 8 8 tot 105108107 10® 108 Cvcles to failure. Page 4 of 42. A specimen of magnesium having a circular cross section of diameter 2 cm is deformed in tension. Using the load-elongation data tabulated as follows, answer the following questions: Load; N Strain 0 0 64984 0.001 119137 0.002 129968 0.005 147297 0.01 155961 0.02 160293 0.04 162460 0.06 164626 0.08 162460 OL 158127 0.12 149463 0.14 140798 0.16 121303 0.18 110473 0.19 Fractare f a) Plot the stress strain curve. (2 pt) ») Determine the modulus of elasticity. (2pt) ©) Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002. (2pt) 4) Determine the tensile strength of this alloy. (1pt) e) Determine the modulus of resilience. (2pt) 3. A113 cm diameter aluminum alloy test bar is subjected to a load of 77400 N. Ifthe diameter of the bar is 1.26 cm at this load, determine a. The engineering stress and true stress (2pt) b. The engineering strain and true strain. (2pt) 4 Estimate the theoretical fracture strength of a brittle material if it is known that fracture occurs by the propagation of an elliptically shaped surface crack of length 0.5 mm, and having a tip radius of curvature of $ x 10° mm, when a stress of 1035 MPa is applied. (3 pt) Page 3 of 4 Dr. Yehia El Shazly ”Alexandria University ssp Ajay daly | Faculty of Engineering Hans Als Specialized Raab Ayla gal Jan, 2010 2010 stb ‘Course title Number:Organic 1 GPE T sae elas 25598) iy ial pal (203) ‘Time allowed:3 hours Shells Ga ‘Answer the following questions ] ‘Question One: A) Choose the correct answe! , Which of the following carbocations would NOT be likely to undergo rearrangement? CH i CHACHCHCH, CHGHGCHs ’ CHy B) CHy = CH SHRSCHACHs p) cucu gt CHyCGHCH:CH Ey CH 2: The correct IUPAC name for the following compound is: JUL A) 2-Bromo-4-methylenehexane C) 4-Bromo-2-ethyl-I-pentene E) 2-Bromo-4-ethyl-4-pentene B) 2-(2-Bromopropyl)-I-butene D) 2-Bromo-4-ethyl-I-pentene 3: The conjugate base of sulfuric acid is: A) H:SO," B) SOs C) HSO," D) HzSO} E) HSOs 4- What is the simplest alkane, i.., the one with the smallest molecular weight, which possesses primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms? A) 2-Methylpropane B) 2-Methylbutane C) 2-Methylpentane D) 3-Methylpentane E) 2,2-Dimethylbutane nt an em a me neem Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer Page 15 Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? 9 ; es eo i ee | D) ° a ide 5) H & Which structure(s) contain(s) an oxygen that bears a formal charge of +1? Hsc—9—H eae CHy I 0 m Vv v A) Land IL B) Iland IV Ov DIT E) land V Z_What is the chief product of the acid-catalyzed hydration of 2, 5-dimethyl-2-hexene? "A) 2,5-dimethyl-I-hexanol B) 2,5-dimethyl-2-hexanol C) 2,5-dimethy!-3-hexanol D) 2,5-dimethyl-2,3-hexanediol E) 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-hexanediol 8: Which alkyl halide, when treated with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, would afford a product mixture consisting of more than one product? A) 1-bromo-3,3-dimethylpentane B) 1-bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane C) 2-bromo-3,4-dimethylpentane D) 2-bromo-3,3-dimethylpentane E) None of the above would yield more than one elimination product ‘9- Acid-catalyzed hydration of 2-methyl-1-butene would yield which of the following? ‘A) (CHs)2C(OH)CH;CHs B) CH,OHCH(CHs)CH2CHs C) (CHs),CHCHOHCH; D) (CHs);CHCH2CH,OH E) CHCH,CH(CH;)CH;OH 10: A correct IUPAC name for the following compound is: Br A) 3,6,7-trimethyl-4-bromo-1-octene B) 4-bromo-3-methy!- C) 4-bromo-3,6,7-trimethy|-I-octene D) 4-bromo-6-isopropy E) 4-bromo-6-isopropyl-3,6-dimethyl-I-hexene sopropyl-t-heptene Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer Page 2B) Proj ynthetic strategy for the synthesis of 2-methylhexane from = i-2- hexanol, (©) Draw out the structural formula and give IUPAC name of: 1) (CHs),CHCHCH2CH(C3H5)2 2) (CHs),CHCH:CH2CH3 3) CHsCH(CHs)CHCICH;CH3 4) CHsCH2CH(CHs)CH(CHs)CH(CHs)2 5) CHCBr2CHs Question 2: A) Complete the following statements: ‘1; A compound containing a triple bond between the first two carbons in the chain is called a , 2. When a reaction that could potentially yield two or more constitutional isomers and instead produces only one as the major product, the reaction is said to be Syn hydrogenation of an alkyne will produce a alkene. The “decolorization” of molecular bromine is often used as a functional group test to detect the presence of, ‘S The rule that correctly predicis the regiochemistry of most ionic additions to alkenes is called & jon reaction gives the less substituted alkene as the major product, wwe say that the elimination follows ‘srule 7- A covalent bond breaking so that each of the resulting intermediates bears a single ‘an example of bond cleavage. ‘8 The mechanism for a free-radical reaction consists of three types of steps. These are: = Markovnikov's tule, if the reaction is done in the presence of peroxides it becomes a reaction and is__ in regiochemistry. 10- Constitutional isomers differ in the | While the electrophilic addition of HBr to an alkene is ionic and follows | | B) Predict the more stable alkene of each pair: | / 1) 2-methyl-2-pentene or 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. 2) cis-3-hexene or trans-3-hexene. 3) I-hexene or cis-3-hexene, 4) trans-2-hexene or 2-methyl-2-penten. | ° is the correct IUPAC name for the following compounds? oH 1» TY 2 OW | 3) HO Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer Page 3 |Question Three: A) B) ° Read the following statements carefully then answer with (ves) or (no), and correct the wrong statement: Constitutional isomers have the same melting and boiling points. ‘Trans-2-butene is more stable in hydrogenation reaction than cis-2-butene. E2 reaction involves the formation of intermediate carbocation, The carbon-carbon triple bond is longer than the carbon-carbon single bond. Heating of alcohols with a strong base causes them to lose a molecule of water, and form an alkene, The larger the pK,, the stronger the acid. Alcohols with two hydroxyl groups are called diols. Addition of HBr to propene occurs to give I-bromopropane as the major product. Oxymercuration-Demercuration reaction to obtain alcohols from alkenes, suffer from rearrangement. 10: The acidity of the acetylenic hydrogens is less than the acidity of the hydrogens of alkanes. Provide mechanistic explanation for the following obseryation: The addition of hydrogen chloride to_3-methyl-1-butene produces two products: 2-chloro-3- methylbufane and 2-chloro-2-methyl butane. Give the structural formulas of: 1) (2)-3-chloro-4-methyl-3-hexene. 2) 3,6-dimethyl-l-octene, rier Ieier te Question Four: A) Give the scientific definition corresponding to cach of the following statements: 4, The bond in which orbital overlap gives a bond that is circularly symmetrical in when viewed along the bond axis. Bases which should be used for E2 reactions of primary alkyl halides. Very strong dipole-dipole attractions occur between hydrogen atoms bonded to strongly electronegative atoms and non-bonding electron pairs on other such electronegative atoms. 4& The rule which stated that: when two different alkene products are possible in an elimination reaction, the most highly substituted alkene will be the major product. 5 Compounds have a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group. & The compound which has two halogens on adjacent carbons, Compounds can be thought of as derivatives of water in which both hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups. & A bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. 9% Catalysts which are insoluble in the reaction medium of hydrogenation of alkenes Page 4B) Arrange the following alcohols in order of their reactivity toward acid- catalyzed dehydration (with the most reactive first): | I-pentanol, — 2-Methyl-2-butanol__and 3-Methyl-2-butanol. | C) Starting with ethyne, outline synthesis of each of the following: 1) 2-Butyne 2) I-pentyne. Bonus questior A) Give the structure of all alkenes expected from dehydrohalogenation by sodium ethoxide in ethanol, indicating the major and minor products if exist: 1) 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane. | 2) 3-Bromo-3-methylpentane. | B) Write each of the following condensed structural formulas as a dash formula and a bond line formulae3: 1) (CH),CHCH;CHs 2) CHCHCH;CH;CH, 3) (CH),C=CHCH;CHy Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer Page 5A 2F-| -2clo Alexandria University SSP ea nate oe ee Renin erro o ee per ne ‘Course title Number: Fundamentals of Energy Balance ABN GI 5s) lala im Time allowed: Three hours ete Lots Gast ‘Answer All Ques 1. a, Write and simplify the closed system energy balance equation for the following process, and state whether nonzero heat and work terms are positive or negative: "an exothermic chemical reaction takes place in isothermal rigid container reactor." (3 marks) b, Ethane enters a 5-cm ID pipe at 45°C and 10 bars with an average velocity of 4.5 m/s and emerges at @ point 300 m lower than the inlet at 30°C and 9 bars. Calculate the kinetic energy change and the potential energy change (in Watts) for the gas, assuming that ethane behaves as an ideal gas. (7 marks) . Ammonia is oxidized with air to form nitric oxide in the first step of the production of nitric, Two principle reactions occur: 4.NH, +50, +4NO+6H,0(!) 2NH, +150, >N, +3H,0(!) Calculate the required rate cf heat transfer to or from the reactor in kW. A flowchart of the reactor follows, 100 mo! NH3(g)/min 100 °C, 8 bar REACTOR | Product gas: 700°C, 8 bar 90 mol NO/min ——_—______+| |} 150 mol H20(v)/min SOO mara Heme nen 9.2202 69 mol Garmin Pecralan Sevsrmi) (10 marks) Exam Committee: Dr.B-S.Z.El Ashtoukhy3. Supetheated steam at 40 bars and 450°C flows at a rate of 250 kg/min to an adiabatic turbine, where it expands to 5 bars. The turbine develops 1500 kW, From the turbine, the temperature. Neglect steam flows to a heater, where it is reheated isobarically to its init kinetic energy changes. Calculate the degree of superheat of the outlet steam from the turbine and the required heat input(k\W) to the heater. (10 marks) 4. The dehydrogenation of ethanol to form acetaldehyde is carried out in a continuous adiabatic reactor. CHsOH(v) > CHyCHO(v) + H2(g) 100 mol ethanol vapour is fed to the reactor at 400°C and a conversion of 30% is obtained. Calculate the product temperature, Note: The heat capacity of acetaldehyde in kJ/mol.«C .05048+1.326*10°T-8.05%10°T7+2.38410"'T® where Tis in’C. (10 marks) 5. Propane gas enters a continuous adiabatic heat exchanger at 40°C and 250 kPa and exits at 240°C. Superheated steam at 300°C and 5,0 bar enters the exchanger flowing countercurrently to the propane and exits as a saturated liquid at the same pressure. Taking as a basis 100 mol of propane fed to the exchanger, draw and label a process flowchart then calculate the required mass feed rate of the steam and the volumetric feed ratio of the two streams (m* steam fed/m? propane fed). Assume ideal gas behavior for the propane but not the steam. (10 marks) Exam Committee: Dr.E-S.Z.El AshtoukhyI 1 1 1 i i I 5 26- \-2e19 Alexandria University Ayjaisay) daly, Faculty of Engineering Aig Ais Specialized Scientific Programs B Hawaii Syl gal Jan, 2010 2010 4 Course title Number: Dia ge vaas Al gag Dy aha pl Organic Chemistry 2 GPE (204) . Time allowed: 3Hours. whe bat 2ga30 [ ‘Answer the following questions Tt ne: A) Read the following statements carefully then answer with (yes) or (no), and correct the wror statement: = In step-reaction polymerization, each ste depending on the former one. In Aromatic-Aliphatic hydrocarbons, the properties of each portion of the molecule are not affected by the presence of the other portion. Both isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylenes have very poor crystallinity. ‘An electrophile is an electron seeking reagent, and it may have positive charge or neutral. High density polyethylene polymers (HDPE) are highly branched polymers. Ek group has ~ LE which predominates its +R.E, therefore it’s a deactivating group. In F.C. alkylation aryl halides can be used in place of alkyl halides. In atactic polypropylene the methyl groups are on one side of an extended chain. Alcohols and alkenes can alkylate aromatic rings instead of alkyl! halides in a modification of pe ie bee ie ie ie F.C. reactions. ‘10: There is often little substitution between two groups that are para to each other. B) Give structure and names of the pri L cts expected from reaction of n-propylbenzene with each of the following: 1) Ha, Ni, room temperature and low pressure. 2) KaCr07, HSO. and heat. 3) Br, Fe. © Chain transfer can cause branching of a polymer molecule show how this could happen. What is the chain transfer agent? eT Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer Page 1Question Two: i A) Give the scientific definition corresponding to each of the following statements: 1: Catalysts are made-up of titanium trichloride and tri-ethyl aluminium to form a titanium complex holding an ethyl group. A process in which alkanes are heated to high temperature and converted to smaller alkanes, alkenes and some hydrogens, A group that makes the benzene ring more reactive than benzene. A type of polymerization process in which the monomer is a carbocation instead of free radical. ie ie A type of polymer can be made not only by free-radical chain reactions, but by any of the polymerization methods. ‘The hydrogen atoms attached to carbon joined directly to an aromatic ring. hie ‘A polymer molecule in which sections made up of one monomer altemate with sections of another monomer. ir Itis a joining together of many small molecules to form very large molecules. 9: An aromatic hydrocarbon with a side chain containing a double bond. 10- An added compound that may react with the growing free radical to generate a new free radical that is not reactive enough to add to monomer and a reaction chain is terminated, B) Draw the structure of each of the following compounds: 1) 4-nitroaniline. 2) Benzylbromide 3) m-Methylbenzene sulfonic acid 4) Benzylethyl ether ©) Write the main rea +hanism for chlorination of benzene ring chlorine and FeCh, showing all steps involved and the rate determining step, Question Three: A) Give structures and names of the principal organic products expected from reaction of trans-1. phenyl-1-propene with: 1) Brin CCh 2) HBr 3) Cold, ditute KMnO, 4) HCI B) Give structure and names of the principal organic products expected from the following reaction in each case: 1) monochlorination of iodobenzene. 2) mononitration of m-dinitrobenzene. 3) monosulfonation of benzene sulfonic acid. 4) monobromination of sec-butyl benzene. ©) Outline all steps in the laboratory synthesis of the following compounds from benzene or toluene: 1) p-nitrotoluene. 2) m-bromobenzoie acid 3) 2-bromo-4-nitrobenzoic acid 4) 2-nitro-1,4-dichlorobenzeneQuestion Four: le the statement 1) A double bond that is separated from a benzene ring by one single bond is said to be ——-. 2) Halogens are unusual in their effect on EAS, they are = Yetennnennneeedirecting, 3) Copolymerization of polystyrene with — its resistance to impact. 4) Macromolecules can be ---— such as starch and 5) To desulfonate benzene sulfonic acid we use a concentration o' 6) Termination step in chain-reaction polymerization takes place by two methods--—- 1D 8) Cationic polymerization is initiated by B) Outline all steps in the reagents: 1) 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline from aniline. 2) Senitroisophthalic ©) Write a complete mechanism for anionic polymerization of styrene in presence . is the polymer made-up of identical units. such as and-. liphatic or inos from m-xylene. er nS er ne eee Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer Page 326 —-1-Aole Alexandria University SSP Ayaan daa Faculty of Engineering Auusigh Aas Specialized Scientific Programs © Feed Ayala! Galt GPE Jan, 2008 Course title :App.Thermodynami Code: GPE 321 Time allowed: 3 hours Prof. Osama El Mas [Use the attached chart and submit it with your answer Answer All Questions: Question 1 Low qrente [eatin An ideal Rankine cycle with reheat has a throttle state of 13.5 MPa/540°C and condenser pressure of 7 kPa with reheat at 1.35 MPa included and the reheat is to the temperature (500°C). Determine the quality (x) or degree of superheat at the exits of both turbines and compare the thermal efficiency of the cycle with the efficiency of that without reheat. (12 marks) Question 2 For an ideal vapor compression reftigeration system operating with refrigerant R22 at an evaporator temperature of -15°C and condensing at 40°C, find the following: the compressor suction and discharge pressures, enthalpies, and specific volumes; the condenser discharge pressure and enthalpy; the refrigeration COP; and the refrigerant mass flow rate and power requirement for a 10-ton refrigeration unit. (10 marks)Question 3 a) Prove that the diesel cycle is less efficient than the Otto cycle for the same compression ratio (”)ou) =(")pjee: and the same heat input. (6 marks) b) Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine power cycle at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a volumetric flow rate of 5 m°/s. The compressor pressure ratio is 10. The turbine inlet temperature was 1400K. Determine: The thermal efficiency- The back work ratio-The net power developed, in kW. (10 marks) Question 4 a) Draw a sketch for a sling psychrometer. (4 marks) b) 250 Us of air at 15°C ta and 6°C tyy are mixed with 750 I/s of air at 30° C'ty, and 20°C ty. The mixture is then adiabatically humidified in air washer humidifier up to relative humidity of 90%. Find: i- The final air conditions after mixing and after humidification. - The amount of water taken by the air in the air washer humidifier. (8 marks) 22 Pm wee eee eee ee ee eee eex Ra 2 ce 1 w “we s - ie a PSYCHROMETRIC CHART ? as NORMAL TEMPERATURES ay EEN si METRic units ’ : - Barometric Pressure 101.325 KPa Sat SEA LEVEL % rH . 4 ; x y s ; me OK ¢ te i TT Se, A ! r &. L 4 ; Ae + * i i « oe ; t T ‘ ‘ ; El = & Si S 7 ; ‘ , s . ALT j Lt : SSeS ’ SSS ES uu i i a TT en ‘ e « # ot 7 ue Le a ‘ i oe be Rotow 6 Pranernios wad Fethley Deratinn Lime fee Faster Patna a ry hi Raha teat booms esi 081 oc 0gt O91 OI oct OO OB 09 OF OF 0 OF OF 60 wo ovo wo oo wo oro 0c 5x0 [ovo 060 wo uo (Sun serene 09S OFS OZS 00S O8Y ODF Ory Oth OOF OBE ODE OPE OLE ODE 087 092 OFZ ZZ 00 08 O91 OFT 060 omDate ¢ Qu-\ — 2olo Alexandria University ssp Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Programs Jan, 2010 Physical Chemistry Il: GPE 301 ‘Time allowed: Three Hours 1. a, NO catalyses the decomposition of NzO, possibly by the following mechanism: NO(g) + Nz0(g) + N2(g) + NO2(9) 2N02(g) > 2 NO(g) + 02(g) i. What is the chemical equation for the overall reaction? ii, Why is NO is considered a catalyst and not an intermediate? ». Calculate the pH of solution containing 0.07M nitrous acid (HNO:Ka = 4.5104) and 0.08M potassium nitrite( KNO2). c. Explain why a mixture formed by mixing 100 mi of 0.10M CHsCOOH and 50 ml of 0.10 M NaOH will act as a buffer. a. Does the pH increase, decrease or remain the same when each of the following is added: i,CHsCOONa to a solution of CH;COOH, ii, Potassium bromide to a solution of hydrobromic acid, b, How many moles of sodium hypobromite (NaBrO) should be added to 1.0 L of 0.5 M hypobromous acid (HBr0) to form a solution of pH 9.15? Assume that no volume change occurs when the NaBrO is added ( HBr : Ka = 2.5 *10°) c. A buffer solution contains 1.0 mol of acetic acid and 0.13 mol of sodium acetate in 1.0L. i. What is the pH of this buffer? ii, What is the pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.02 mol of KOH? iii, What is the pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.02 mol of HNO? (CH3COOH: Ka = 1.8*105) . a. 1.0 L solution saturated at 25°C with calcium oxalate ( CaC;0s) contains 0.0061 g of CaC,0,. Calculate the solubility product constant of this salt at 25°C, (Ca: 40, C: 12, O: 16) b. The value of Kyy for manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH),) is 1.6 *10°, Calculate the molar solubility of Mn(OH), in a solution that contains 0.03 M NaOH. am Commit: Prof Dr Ame Zastout aayc. Calculate the molar solubility of AgBr (K, = 5*10"?) in: i, Pure water ii, 0.1M NaBr solution iii, 3*107M AgNO; solution 4, a. A solution of NazSO, is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.01M in Ba” and 0.01M in Sr"*. i, What concentration of SO.” is necessary to begin precipitation? (Neglect volume changes, BaSO¢: Key=1.1*10"", StSOg: Kep= 3.2*107) ii, Which cation precipitates first? . What is the concentration of SO,” when second cation begins to precipitate? 'b. The specific conductivity for water at 25°C was found to be 5.8*10° and the ionic conductance of H* and OH are 349.8 and 198 respectively. Prove that the ion product of water (Ky) equals 10", c. The equivalent conductance of 0.01 N ammonium hydroxide at 18°C is 9.6 cm’ohm! and the equivalent conductance at infinite dilution for ammonium chloride is 130 cm’ohm" . If the ionic conductance at infinite dilution of the hydroxide and the chloride are 174 and 66 cm*ohm respectively, calculate: i. The equivalent conductance at infinite dilution for ammonium hydroxide. ‘The degree of ionization of ammonium hydroxide. The ionization constant. 5.a. How can we calculate AS for an isothermal process? bb, Does AS for a process depend on the path taken from the initial state to the final state of the system? ¢. The volume of 0.2 mol of helium gas at 22°C increased isothermally from 4.0 L to 10.0 L. ‘Assume the gas to be ideal, calculate the entropy change for the process. d. What is meaning of the standard free-energy change AG® as compared with AG? e. For a certain process AG is large and negative. Does this mean that the process necessarily occurs rapidly? 6... Fora certain chemical reaction AH® = -35.4 kd and AS? =- 85.5 KJPC s the reaction exothermic or endothermic? . Calculate AG? for the reaction at 298K. Is the reaction spontaneous at 298K under standard conditions. b. Under 1 bar pressure CO2(s) sublimes at -78°C. Is the transformation of CO2(s) to COs(8) is spontaneous at -100°C and 1 bar pressure. ¢. Calculate AG at 298K for the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia if the reaction mixture consists of 0.5 bar No, 0.75 bar Hz and 2.0 bar NHB (AG = AG"+ RT InQ, AG°=-33.3 kJ) ‘Beam Commitee: Prof Dr Ahmed Zutout (2/2ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SSP/GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM. GPE-401 INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING —_JAN 2010 SEVENTH TERM STUDENTS FINAL EXAM. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS: A) Discuss BRIEFLY the following 1) The main differences between vertical and horizontal separators ig NG 3) Foaming of glycols used for drying NG 4) Thermal regeneration of glycols 5) Using hot air or hot N2 for regenerating solid adsorbents used for drying NG 6) Types of gas wells 7) Types of dew points for NG 8) Attrition of particles of solid desiccants 9) Adsorption comes always as the final step in NG dehydration 10) How do mist eliminators work? 11)The effect of pressure on the efficiency of vertical separators 12) Disadvantages of CO2 & H2S in NG 13) Simple way to guess the density of NG 14) Non-conventional sources of NG 15) Theory of formation of NG 16) Idea of multi-stage separators (ox 2~ 32 pe) B) NG (mol wt = 17) is being fed at the rate of 220 CFH (cu fi/h) to a vertical separator. The gas is at 300 psi & 40°F. Calculate the diameter of this separator Q= Av. v= EG - A. = 60 Ib/cu fi, k = 0.08 fivh, R= 10.73 psi cu Ab mol hy (5 points) C) ANG condensate of the following composition: Component = C2. C3-— CHS Ge 02 02 03 03 Ki = 11 08 06 Is being fed 1o a single stage flash separator. If enough time was giver to this step so that equilibrium was attained, calculate the composition of the vapor phase separated.Also calculate the value of the value of K ; for C2. Is the gas phase composition logical or not? What will be the effect of increasing the value of K; for C4 & CS on the vapor composition? (6 points)D) NG containing 1.6% (by vol) water vapor is being fed atthe rate of 6000 cu m/min (at 3 atm & 27°C) to an absorption tower using TEG for NG dehydration. ‘TEG feed has a concentration of 99% (by wt) & comes out from the tower with concentration of 97% (by wt). NG comes out from the tower with only 0.08% water vapor (by vol), calculate the feed rate of TEG to the tower (in tons/h) R= 9.082 Latml gmol. ik , a ies 17.2 (7 points) Ne BEST OF LUCK! PROF DR HASSAN FARAGDale ¢ 23 | 2olo ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SSP/GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING Kinetics part (1) Closed book, closed notes inal exam. Time allowed 1 hr Fall 2 Problem (1) {10 points] Two competing elementary liquid-phase reactions take place: AOD 2A9U “The following kinetic data is known: BAI = 10,000 cal/mol EA2 = 20,000 cal/mol k1(T=100°C) = 1.2 min* K2(T=100°C) = 0.3 Limof" min” (a) (5 points) Current designers wanted the reactor to operate at 100°C. If you wanted to double the selectivity of this reactor, what temperature would you operate at? (Use R=8.314) (b) G points) if you wanted to double the selectivity of this reactor, how would you change the concentration? (© @ points) what type of reactor would you employ to achieve a maximum selectivity? Problem (2) (7 points] N+S DONS NS Go IS 1s C= i+s For the above mechanism: the 1* step is the adsorption, the 2" is the surface reaction and the 3° is the desorption step. Drive the reaction rate law if the surface reaction is the rate limiting step. Wishing you good luck (prof. Dr. H. farag & Dr. Mona Ossman)A3~]~Qolo ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SSP/GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING Kineties part II (Open book only) Final exai Time allowed 2 hrs Fall 2010 Problem (1) (8 points) The catalytic reaction A+B—>C4D ‘was carried out in a differential reactor with the following results Pa=Pp=Pp=1atm a} Total Pressure Pa=Pp=Po=2atm a Po Pe #) What is the rate law consistent with the experimental data? 4) What is the mechanism consistent with the rate law? Problem 2 (4 points) Four CSTR reactors of equal size are connected in series and are fed with a solution of organic compound (CAg = 2 Ib mole/ft*). The i is first order (K= 0.02 s"), The final conc mole/ ft’. Calcul is fed at the rate of 200 I Ib/hr through a packed bed tubular 0.38, catalyst particle Feactor (bed void fractior diameter = 1/8 in, reactor innerdiameter =2 in, temperature is constant along the packed bed. Calculate the pressure in this bed at 20 ft and 60 ft length. Problem 4 (5 points) ‘The reaction N; + 3 Hy-2NHb is considered a second order reaction (K =0.15 fb mole. s) and is carried out in a PFR (Plug Flow Reactor). The Hy-Nz gas mixture is fed at the rate of 2000 CFH (Cu fV/h) (pressure of the mixture 200 atm and temperature 200 °F) if reactor diameter was 2 inches, calculate its length that will give a conversion of 0.85 Wishing you good luck (prof. Dr. H. farag & Dr. Mona Ossman)Alexandria University SSF Ayala) daa Faculty of Engineering Auasigh Us. Specialized Scientific Programs LL Loy tn, Memnastad Aad gel Jan, 2010 2010 jy ‘Course title Number:Engincering SSI Aaah 5290 ply yd aul Corrosion : ‘Time allowed: 3 hours sek 3. oe Alea yy Bay 953 6 ogy ALN col Bape donno SSI pee IS ba Aare ole huey ep Dine aM a> oP SM) ete lll plsiend Y ehibel J BUE! apg 5 lll ptt Barly ip cn Sid pb EI Answer All Questions: Notes Faraday constant = 96500 C/g.equiv Avogadro’s Number =6.023*10” molecule/mol All potentials are reduction. Standard Hydrogen reduction potenti: juestion 1 - State Right or False: isoV a) The installation cost of the anodic protection is high compared to the cathodic protection. b) The operating cost of anodic protection i high compared to the cathodic protection. c) Corrosion inhibition by addition of sodium sulfite can be used for only active passive metals. 4) Dearation is not recommended for active passive metals and alloys. ¢) Annealing can reduce the corrosion resistance of a metal f) Its advisable to use Monel alloys in contact with hot HCL. g) Itis advisable to use Nickel alloys in contact with Nitric acid. hh) Cathodic protection can be used to all type of metals. i) Coupling Chromium to platinum has been found to increase its corrosion, j) The smaller the critical anodic current density for an active passive metal, the easier the ‘metal will be passivated by an increase in velocity, k) Crevice corrosion results from a difference in concentration of ions or dissolved gases in the electrolyte. })_ In filiform corrosion, the head of the filament is more acidic than the tail. m) In diffusion controlled corrosion, increasing the viscosity of the solution will decrease the rate of corrosion. xn) Mass transport to a surface is governed only by diffusion, migration and convection ©) Activation polarization is rate controlling when the reaction rate is low and/or the concentration of active species in the liquid solution is high, ) Inert gas sparging is not an effective corrosion inhibition method at low pH. Question Two : [22 pt] 1. Compare between the two types of cathodic protection. [4 pt] Exam Committee: _Dr. Yehia El Shazly a)/ } ! } | ! } / -) 2 An Fe/Fe** concentration cell is constructed in which both electrodes are pure iron. The = Fe* concentration for one cell half is 0.5 M, for the other, 2 < 10? M, what is its magnitude of the voltage that will be produced and which electrode will be oxidized. { 4 pt] For Fe; atomic weight=55.85 g/g atom; density 7.87 g/cm’; Ey=-0.44 V 3. Draw the Silver-Silver Chloride electrode and show its components, then calculate the potential on SHE scale for an electrode which is at a potential of -0.6 V relative to Ag/AgCl reference in 0.1 M KCl at 25 °C. [4 pt] E° ayagct = 0.222 V 4. Find the equation of the line in the Zinc Pourbaix diagram that separate the region of a) Zn(OH); and Zn ; Ey =-0.439 V [3 pt] b) ZnO," and Zn; Eo=0.441 [3 pt} 5. The emf of a cell made of Zn (anode) and H3 electrode (cathode) immersed in 0.7 M ZnCl, is 0.69 V. What is the pH of the solution? E For Zn; atomic weight = 65.4 g/g atom; density 7.13 g/cm’; E = -0.762 V. [4 pt] The activity coefficient of ZnCl is 0.6133. Take the Hydrogen pressure 1 atm. Question 3 [20 pt 1. The corrosion rate is to be determined for some divalent metal M in a solution containing hydrogen ions. The following corrosion data are known about the metal and solution: For Metal M For Hydrogen Ey=0.9 V Ey=0 V ig= 10°? Alem? ip= 10°" A/em? B=+0.10 B=-0.15 ee ‘The atomic weight of the metal is 93 g/g atom and density 8.6 g/cm’, @) Assuming that activation polarization controls both oxidation and reduction reactions, determine the rate of corrosion of metal M (in mol/em’s). [ 4 pt] (©) Compute the corrosion potential for this reaction. [2 pt} 2. For the cell in the previous problem (problem 1), if concentration polarization for the hydrogen reduction occurs at current density 10°-A/em?; 8, What will be the new rate of corrosion in moV/em?s ? [2 pt} b. What is the corrosion potential? [2 pt] 3. If the metal in problem 1 is now connect to piece of gold; (neglect what happened in problem 2) a) what will be the rate of corrosion of the metal (in mol/em’s) [3 pt] b) what will be the current density corresponding to the evolution of hydrogen from the surface of the metal? [4 pt] For Hydrogen evolution on the surface of gold; Ey = 0 V; ig ='10°; B= -0.15; Atomic Weight of gold = 197 g/gatom 4. A22 kg sacrificial magnesium anode is attached to the steel hull of a ship. If the anode completely Corrodes in 100 days, what is the average current produced by the anode in this period? For Mg; At Wt= 24.3 g/g atom ; Density = 1.74 gm/em’ B pt} Exam Committee: _Dr. Yehia El Shazly _, (vy)Dale. 2H-1- ole Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Gas and Petrochemical Engineering Program Petrochemical Industries Fall semester 2009/2010 tnatnicter | De. Abbas Anwar Date:Jan.25,2010 Time allowed: Three hours Final Examination Answer the following questions as instructed: 1) Write short nétes on the following: 10 Points a) Reforming reactions and their mechanisms b) Deep catalytic cracking processes. Complete the following statements; _______.._._.______—_=30 points. ‘Synthesis gas is mainly used in ‘The main applications of needle coke are In delayed cokers, the factors that govern the reactions are .. ‘The major uses of reformate are ‘An example of Oligomerization reactions is Ethoxylates are produced by... Flexicoking products are characterized by Main Isoprene production routes are..... Acrolein is produced by ‘Acetone main applications are al le li li ii ll a li ll ie nt sn Ethanol is produced by Polymer gasoline is produced by .... m) Super heated steam is used in vacuum tower tohn) Butadiene main applications are 0) The disadvantages of hydrodealkylation processes are 10 Points 3) What are the main process variables that affect Ethane steam cracking . Draw a simplified Block Flow Diagram of a typical Ethane cracking process.aa ee ame ee 2 Q6-| - Rolo Alexandria University SSP Asis day Faculty of Engineering igh as Specialized Scientific Programs canabial Ayala ey January 2010 2010 ty GPE 334 FINAL EXAM. lg Giakeyt Wastewater Treatment and Chita den Time allowed: 3 Hours 1) Dissolved oxygen in streams is : a, maximum at noon b. minimum at noon c. maximum at midnight 4. same throughout the day 2) Complete through treatment should generally be given to sewage, before its disposal in a stream, if the dilution factor available is: a.lessthan350 bless than 250 —_—c, less than 150 __—_d. none of these 3) Algae dies out, though fish life may survive, in a river zone, known as: a. zone of degradation b. zone of active decomposition c. zone of recovery 4. none of these 4) D.O. concentration may fall to zero, causing anaerobic conditions in a river zone, called: a. zone of degradation b. zone of active decomposition . zone of recovery 4. none of these 5) As compared to fresh river, sea water contains: a. 10% more oxygen . 20% more oxygen b. 10% less oxygen d. 20% less oxygen 6) Disposal of sewage causes formation of sludge banks in: a. river waters . sea waters c. lake waters 4d. none of these 7) The natural process under which the flowing river water, gets cleaned, is known as: a. oxidation . self purification ¢. photosynthesis. none of these 8) Sewage treatment units are generally, designed for: a. maximum flow only b. minimum flow only c. average flow only 4. maximum and minimum flow both. 9) If wastewater contains greases and fatty oils, they are removed in: a.gritchambers _b. sedimentation tanks _. skimming tanks _d. aeration tanks 10) The detention period adopted for grit chambers, is of the order of: a1 minute b.5 minutes ¢. 2-4 hours 4d. 12 hours 11) The detention period adopted for oxidation ponds, is of the order of: a. 24-36 hours b. 2-4 days c. 1-2 weeks 4d. 2-6 weeks 12) Primary treatment of sewage is meant for: a. removal of larger suspended matter _b, removal of fine suspended organic matter c, removal of dissolved organic matter d. removal of pathogenic bacteria 13) The settling velocity of a spherical body in still water is given by: a. Lacey's formula. Dercy's law c. Hazen William formula, Stock's law 14) The ratio of design discharge to the surface area of a sedimentation tank is known asits: a. surface loading —_b. overflow velocity _c. overflow rate 4. all of these 15) The sewage treatment units which work on anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, are: oxidation ponds b. septic tanks _¢. activated sludge plants d.b & ¢ both16) Primary treatment removes from liquid industrial wastes: a. Floatable and soluble substances . floatable and settleable substances c. both a and b d. none of a and b 17) Secondary treatment of liquid and municipal wastes is always based on: a, sedimentation », biological oxidation c. chemical treatment . all of these 4. all of these 18) A reactor, in which , randomly packed solid medium, provides the surface area for bio-film growth is: a. an oxidation bond b, abio-towers c. atrickling filter d, an anaerobic sewage lagoon 19) The major purpose of secondary treatment of liquid wastes is to remove: a. soluble BOD an floatable substances b, settleable and floatable substances c. soluble BOD and remaining suspended solids from primary treatment d. allof a, bande 20) A typical primary treatment system should remove approximately above: ‘a. one-half suspended solids in incoming waste water b, 30% of influent BOD c. botha& b d.none of a &b 21) In tertiary treatment of liquid wastes, phosphorus compounds are commonly removed by: a. physical methods b. chemical methods ¢. biological methods d. a combination of a, b and 22) Well oxidized waste water contain sulfur , largely in the form of: a. sulfites b. sulfates . hydrogen sulfide 4. all of these 23) Settling tanks commonly used for removal of suspended solids, are: a. long rectangular », circular c. solid contact clarifiers d. all of a, bande 24) Temperature variations of industrial waste waters affect the: a. biological activity of bacteria b. viscosity of the waste water c. solubility of gases in waste water d. all of the above 260) The most common method of industrial waste water disposal is: a, evaporation », dilution in surface water c. rapid infiltration 4. application in irrigation 27) Sedimentation is: a. aphysical separation of solid material from water b. achemical separation of solid from water c. bothaand b d.none ofa and b 29) Secondary treatment of waste water is achieved by using: a, activated sludge b. trickling filter ¢, oxidation pond d.all ofa, band ¢ 30) Type I settling is applied for: a. discrete particles in dilute suspensions b. flocculating particles in dilute suspensions ¢. both aand b d. none ofa and b 4 ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee31) High COD to BOD ratio in a waste water represents: a, high biodegradability b. low degradability of the pollutant presence of free oxygen for aerobic decomposition 4. presence of toxic materials in the waste water 32) Lower F/M value in a conventional activated sludge treatment plant will mean: a, lower BOD removal b. higher BOD removal c. no effect on BOD removal 4d. higher pH value 33) In waste water treatment systems, aeration is used to: a. degasification of dissolved gases _b. oxidation of undesirable substances ¢. bothaand b d. none of aand b 34) In a well operated sedimentation tank, the average suspended solids removal is: 80 - 90% b.60 -70 % ©.50 - 60 % 4.40 - 50% 35) Partially oxidized liquid industrial waste will contain nitrogen mainly in the form: a. nitrites b. nitrates ¢. free ammonia d. both aand © 36) Standard 5 day BOD at 20° C, when compared to ultimate BOD, is about: a. 58% b. 80% ©. 98% 4. none of these 37) Between BOD and COD, the greater of the two, is: a. BOD ’.COD c. both are equal d. depend on waste characteristics 38) Biodegradable organics enter waste water , primarily from: a. industrial wastes b. domestic wastes ©. both industrial and domestic wastes. d. surrounding soil 39) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a liquid waste is the: a. oxygen required to oxidize biologically active organic matter b._ oxygen required to oxidize biologically inactive organic matter c. botha and b d. none of these 40) Gases which are generally evolved during anaerobic decomposition of liquid industrial wastes, are: a. CO; + NH + FS b.CO, + NH; +H:S + CH, ©. CO; + NH + SOz d. CO, +NHs + S02 +CH, 41) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a liquid industrial waste is the: a. oxygen required to oxidize biologically active organic matter b. oxygen required to oxidize biologically inactive organic matter c. both aand b d. none of these 42) Dissolved oxygen ( D. 0.) concentration may fall to zero causing anaerobic bio-conditions in river zone, called: a. zone of degradation b. zone of active decomposition ©. zone of recovery d. none of these 43) Sewage can generally be disposed off, without any specific treatment , in a water body, if the dilution factor available, is: a. more than 100 b. more than 300, more than 500d. none of these 44) BODs represents 5 days- biochemical oxygen demand at a temperature of: a.0°C b.20°C ©. 300°C d. none of these 45) The secondary treatment is caused by: a, bacteria b. algae . coagulants d.none of them46) Activated sludge treatment plants are normally preferred for: a. towns and smaller cities 'b, medium sized cities c. large sized cities d. all of them 47) The appropriate percentage of water in sewage is: a. 90% 1b. 99% ¢. 99.9% d. 99.99% 48) The specific gravity of sewage is: a, zero b. slightly less than 1 c. equal to 1 di. slightly greater than 1 49) Gases which are generally evolved during aerobic decomposition of liquid industrial wastes, are: a, CO, + NH3 +EbS b.CO; + NH3 +H)S + CHy c, COz + NH + SOz d. COz +H + SO2 + CHa 50) Well oxidized liquid industrial waste will contain nitrogen mainly in the form: a. nitrites b. nitrates , free ammonia d.all of these 51) If the depletion of oxygen is found to be 2mg/l after incubating 3ml of waste water diluted to 300 ml at 20°C for 5 days, then the BODs of the waste would be: ) 200 mg/l b. 300 mg/l c. 600 mg/l d. none of these 52) The solubility of oxygen in sewage, when compared with its solubility in distilled water, is: a) 80% b, 90% ©.99% 4. 99.9% 53) The sewage treatment units which work on aerobic decomposition of organic matter, are: a.trickling filters . imhoff tanks _¢, sludge digestion tanks d. none of these 54) In the design of grit chambers in sewage treatment: a. baffles are essential b. temperature control is an important factor c. the maximum flow velocity should be of the order of 0.3 m/s 4. the detention period should at least be 10 minutes 55) The working conditions in Imhoff tanks are: a, aerobic only . anaerobic only c. aerobic in lower compartment and anaerobic in upper compartment 4d. anaerobic in lower compartment and aerobic in upper compartment 56) The anaerobic secondary treatment of sewage is essentially a process of: a, dehydration , reduction c. oxidation d. none of these 57) The gas, which is evolved in a sludge digestion tank is mainly composed of: a, nitrogen b. ammonia . hydrogen sulfide d. methane 58) Oxygen-utilization rate in biological reactors is a function of: ‘a, wastewater characteristics only », reactor characteristics only c. both a & b d. atmospheric characteristics 59) In.a waste stabilization pond, the sewage is treated by: ‘a. aereobic bacteria only ». algae only c. dual action of aerobic bacteria and algae d. sedimentation 60) Which of the following units, work on the principle of anaerobic decomposition: 1, sedimentation tanks b, trickling filters c. sludge digestion tanks activated sludge plant (15 marks)IL. Write briefly on 1, Advantages of bio-towers 2. The factors affecting the quality of sludge removed in primary sedimentation 3. Draw a simplified sketch for a trickling filter system 4. The essential steps in operation of an activated sludge plant 5. The essential steps in operation of a trickling filter system 6. The dispersion factor in ponds 'd’ depends on..... , and the value of ‘d’ ranges from.... 7. Discuss briefly the factors affecting rate of biomass production and food utilization in biological treatment of wastewater (10 marks)| | ! | | | ] | | | | | ! IIL. Determine the appropriate number of units and dimensions of settling tanks ( both rectangular and circular ) needed to treat 75,000 m’/day of a liquid industrial waste at an overflow rate of 0.8 m/h. (5 marks) IV.The activated sludge system shown in the sketch below is operating at equilibrium. Determine the volume of studge that must be wasted each day if the waste is accomplished from: a. Point A Asrator b. Point B Q= 12,000 mia (5 marks ) Y. Determine the average biemass concentration in a conventional activated sludge reactor under the following conditions: Flow = 18,300 m/d Tank volume = 6100 m* Influent BOD = 160 mg/l Effluent BOD = 5 me/l Cell yield coefficient Y = Endogenous decay coefficient Mean cell residence time = 9d Determine also the food : mass ratio of the system .5 kg biomass per kg BOD utilized 0.04 a" (10. marks) VIL Wastewater flows from a factory averages 4000 m*/d during winter and 6000 m3/d during the summer. The average temperature of the coldest month is 12°C, and the average temperature of the warmest month is 33°C. The average BOD, is 300 mg/L with 90% being soluble. The reaction coefficient k is 0.23 d ‘At 20°C, and the value of is 1.06. Prepare a preliminary design for a facultative pond treatment system to remove 92% of soluble BOD. (5 marks) Bonus. The average daily flow in a small river during the driest month is 100 L/s. If a wastewater treatment plant could consistently produce an effluent with a BOD of 20 mg/L or less, what population could be served if the BOD in the river, after dilution, must not exceed 4 mg/L. ‘Assume an average daily consumption of 400 litres per person. Assume also that there is no upstream pollution and the municipal waste supply does not come from the river. (5. marks)Titows sedimentalow suspended galids aad Bop vemevad 95 afucctin of overtiow #0 + Percent removal Sova mitead_yetie = is rr = @ Xess) ~ ka Vv — oe @c = - es es E- Q Cse-~s) VOX 1 1 Y¥Cse-s) ee oT x = @c. Y_ CSe-S) © Cl+ka-@) woe eas ee 60 30 Suspended soli ids 40 30) 20 20 40 Overflow rate, mi waktd sludge Se vse 60 wid ples Flow yeactor Ge. Yo Cse- 8) ocr ka Ge) 2 ke cS FO) CK EY X= Br/Q@Ker fonds: © = Cee mee nae Kr Kase C1035) soe Ree +R sas Fer BOD * DOxr-DOF pods = ——=—— "tT us de ) qe20 f 2 £ 4 ea 20 0 res rep np nan 1S sa 8 Fer Biclowers = Ne ‘reyele Recycle Stee eier St = /— = seALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SSP/GAS AND PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING HEAT TRANSFER OPERATIONS JAN 2010 ENTH TERM STUDENTS OPEN BOOK Ss Answer ALi. questions: exchan: 1) Decane is fed to a shell-and-tube hei ate of 1806 Ib’s, where ite. Will be heated trom 70 to 120° F. Saturated steam will be condensing in the shell at 100 psia. At these conditions hg = 2000 Btu/h fi2F and this value can be considered the optimum economic value forhhg. Tube data. dg | inch, dg tubes, Rey 0.002 °F £2 h/But, assume Cz =P &Y = 4 Yc a) Optintum number of tubes oy Sheit Siameter ‘¢) Amount of steam condensing nei. one pass ia dhe ulate: (16 pts) 2) Anair cooler is used to cool dieseloil (Cp ~ 0.5 Buwlh F) from 140 w 110% by wi which is fed at 75% and ieaves at 80°F. Feed rate of the diesel oil is 1000 Ib’min. caleulate: a) Number and length of the tubes b) Power of the fan (12 pts) 3) Aniline is being fed atthe rate of 1.5 x 1D bb inside the tubes of A MULT I-pass heat exchanger (200 tubes. 0.d = Mich, i.d = 0.78 inch, &= 20 fh). The aniline is to be heated from 70 to 110°F by passing hot CH4 in the shell. CH4 is fed at 200% and leaves at lou? F, Baffle spacing = 0.6 shell diam, baffles are 25% cut. Calculate pump power for tube: sidy and shell side. (2 pis) ASSUMP ANY MISSING DATA BEST OF LUCK!!! PROF DR Hi.