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Ewe eee ii is Alexandria University ssp Rea Lad pee ee Oe eran Feegrme cogimes Jone 2010 95-6 - Jol its ‘Course title Number: Fundamentals of Mass Balance ‘pak GI 5a Cipla! Time allowed: Two Hours Chel: Gj estion: The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen bromide to form ethyl bromide is carried out in a continuous reactor. The product stream is analyzed and found to contain 1.7 mole % ethyl bromide and 17.3 % hydrogen bromide. The feed to the reactor contains only ethylene and hydrogen bromide. Calculate the fractional conversion of the limiting reacting and the percentage by which the other reactant is in excess. If the molar flow rate of the feed stream is 165 mol/s, what is the extent reaction? (10 marks) 2. Wet sugar that contains one-fifth water by mass is conveyed through an evaporator in which 85% of the entering water is vaporized. Calculate the mass fraction of water in the wet sugar leaving the evaporator and the ratio (kg water vaporized/kg wet sugar leaving the evaporator). (15 marks) 3, Methane is burned with air in a continuous steady-state combustion reactor to yield a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The reactions taking place are: 3 CH, + 502 > CO+2H20 CH, + 20, + CO, +2H,0 The feed to the reactor contains 7.8% CH, 19.4% Oz, and 72.8% Nz. The percentage conversion of methane is 90 % and the gas leaving the reactor contains 8 mol COzmol CO, Calculate the molar composition of the product stream using extents of reaction. (15 marks) 4. Liquid ammonia (SG= 0.817) is vaporized and decomposed to form nitrogen and hydrogen. How many liters of product gas at 20°C and 18 bars (absolute) would be formed from 50 liters of liquid ammonia? (10 marks) Exam Committee: Dr.E-S.Z.E] Ashtoukhy mmm aZF eae eS SF Se See SS Se Se ee ee Alexandria University Ayueeyy ee Faculty of Engineering a Specialized Sciemiie Programs ema Syed gal June, 2011 Teh is ‘Course title Number: Fundamentals of Energy Balance It cipal GPE 212 lowed: Two Hours Time Answer All Question: 25—6-20\\ gjiotes out 1. An equimolar liquid mixture of benzene (B) and toluene (T) at 10°C is fed continuously to a vessel in which the mixture is heated to 50°C. The liquid product is 40.0 mole% B, and the vapor product is 68.4 mole% B. How much heat must be transferred to the mixture per g-mole of feed? (15 marks) 2. A turbine that uses steam drives an electric generator. The inlet steam flows through a 10 cm diameter pipe to the turbine at the rate of 2.5 kg/s at 600°C and 1000 kPa. The exit steam discharges through a 25 cm diameter pipe at 400°C and 100 kPa, What is the ‘expected power obtained from the turbine if it operates essentially adiabatically? (10 marks) 3. Calculate the rate of heat transfer for a propane combustion process shown in the following flowchart using heat of reaction method. Note: liquid water and not water vapor is produced from combustion reaction. 100 mot CsHalgvs 100 mol O2(evs 25°C 2256 mol No(gVs (|p| a ae 600 mol On(eVs - 400 mo #20408 2256 mol Noley/s Otkiis) 00086 300°C (15 points) 4. Ina fluidized bed gasification system you are asked to find out the heat of formation of a solid sludge of the composition (formula) CsH from the following data: C() +20,(g) > cO(g) CG) + 02(9) > €0,(4) H, (9) + $0,(9) > H,0(o) C09) + $02(g) + c0,(9) H,0(g) + CO(g) > H,(g) + CO,(g) CH,(s) + 5$0,(g) + 5C0,(g) + #,00) AH vaporization H,0 at25°C AH = 1104 kj/mo! AH ~ ~394.1 kJ/mol 4H = -2418 kJ/mol AH = —283.7kJ/mol AH = —38.4 kJ/mol AH = 21105 kJ/mol = 43.911 ki/mol (10 marks) Exam Committee: Dr.E-8.Z.El Ashtoukhy mmeemeee es S&S SF SB Ss SS SS SS Sess Ss Alexandria University ssP ypu ala Faculty of Engineering easigh 285 Specialized Scientific Programs S Geeaaill alll alll June, 2011 23, £. Jo\) 2011 9s Depew eles 245 Gag ehlly ate pal ‘Course title Number: Organic Chemistry 2 GPE (204) . Time allowed: _2Hours. [ “Answer the following questions 1 Question One: A) Choose the correct answer: The major product(s), A, of the following reaction, Clay hy cue) —Gaorgnnee™—t«“ crore Eel enseHs-K) censots~C) onsen~G) cr ¢ 1 " m Vv Would be: Al B)It ©)A mixture of I and Il py E)IV 2, How might the following synthesis be carried out: CHC Hs several Benzens ———— 2 steps cl CHjCH,CI Ch CoH > product ” AIC; FeCly a2 CHACHA Ck |-chloro-1-phenylethane. 2 ethylbenzene ————> benzoic acid. t-butylbenzene ———> p-chloro substitution product. the properties of each portion of the molecule are not affected by C) Coordination polymerization is a new kind of polymerizati revolutionized the field by usin ‘ow catalyst, discuss this statement using equations. D) What is the product of the following synthesis? 1, HS, 100°C 2.2 equiv Bry, HO 3. dil. HySO,, heat phenol 2 page Lecturer: Dr. Abeer A. Moneer eee ee eae ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 1B. 6-20) ri Alexandria University Halsey data Faculty of Engineering 9 Hasigh As a Specialized Scientific Programs KeenaSied Ayal Gly Juin 2011, YoU) gy Course title Number:Engineering TE ed te AY OD pl Metallurgy Time allowed: 2 hours en Gast ‘Answer All Questions and indicate any numerical value with its corresponding units, Write with the blue pen. Pencils are only used for drawing. \swer the questions in their orders...Do not mix your answers, fion more than once F ional 1, Reerystalization proceeds more rapidly in pure metals than in alloys. 2. Cold worked articles are more resistant to corrosion than hot worked articles. 3. Changing the signs of all indices produces an antiparallel direction. 4, After the recrystalization process, the mechanical properties are revert to their precold-worked values 5. Mechanical twin boundaries are observed in FCC erystal structure, 6. Inmost metals, interstitial diffusion occurs much more rapidly than diffusion by the vacancy mode. 7._ Self diffusion does not occur by interstitial diffusion. 8. Metals which are subjected to low percentage cold work requires lowers recrystalization temperature than metals with higher percentage cold work. 9. Melting starts earlier at the grain boundaries. 10. Magnesium is added to steel during deoxidation to remove the sulphur. 11. Silicon aids in the decomposition of graphite to cementite in steel. 12, Phosphorus increases the toughness of steel. 13. Cored structure is formed when the centre of the grains is richer in the low melting temperature elements than the grain boundaries. 14, A fine grained alloy will have a higher yield strength than a coarse grained alloy of the same chemical composition, 15. The presence of more dislocations increases the yield strength of an annealed metal. 16, Dislocations move more rapidly in # solid solution alloy than in pure metal. Page 1 of 3 m= = a a oe ee ee ee Q2: Answer the following questions: 1. Discuss the rules that will control the substitutional solid solubility of two metals. [4 pt] 2, What are the advantages and disadvantages of the cold work? [8 pt] 3, Consider 10 kg of austenite containing 0.9 w1% C cooled to below 727°C . Determine the amount present of each of these phases: Primary Ferrite, Primary Cementite, Eutectic Ferrite, Eutectic Cementite. (6 pt] 4, Determine the ASTM grain size number if 20 grains per square inch are measured at a ‘magnification of 75. [5 pt] 5, An X-ray diffractometer recorder chart for an element which has either the BCC or the FCC structure showed diffraction peaks at the following 20 angles: 31.305°, 36.266°, 52.228°, and 62.119°, Wavelength of the incoming radiation was 0.1541 nm. a) Determine the crystal structure of the element. [4 pt] ) Determine the lattice constant of the element. (4 pt] 6. Determine the Miller indices of the cubic crystal plane that intersects the following position coordinates: (1, Y ,1); (01, 2) and (%2, 1, 74). [6 pt] 7. Consider the phase diagram for the Rhenium-Rhodium ) fill the following table in your answer sheet: (21 pt] Coordinate | Alloy Temperature; | Phases | Composition of] Amount of Number___| composition _| °C present _| each phase (?4Rh) | each phase 1 20% Rh 2700 2 20% Rh 2630+ AT. 3 20% Rh 2630 AT 4 80% Rh 2700 5 80% Rh 2630+ AT 6 80% Rh 2630- AT 7 80% Rh 2500 ») Indicate whether there is any eutectic, peritectic or eutectoid, write the reaction, indicate the composition and temperature where they occur, the phases present, composition of each phase, and the amount of each phase. [4 pt] Page 2 of 3 Page 3 of 3 oe ud 9 we we oe 08 ot ‘umypoyz aieozed ormory meee ee eS eee eee ee ee sol Alexandria University ssp Ay jaisuy) deadly Faculty of Engineering Auasigil 4s Specialized Scientific Programs B Hawai Sula! Bal June 2011 _Qi|- 6 -2ol 2011 Ky Course title: Numerical Methods pte Gob 2545 Abily ial pel MP 314 Time allowed: 2 hours Bde tne ob Sipe SUM sbey Answer the following questions If is not mention use four decimal points during calculations 1. Given the following data x 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 y 129.6 89.6 63.6 44.6 31.6 26.6 Find the best fit for that data using the power form (8 marks) 2. Use the Newton's method to find the smallest positive intercept of the function f(x) = 3 cosx + 4 sinx begin with x = 2 up to four decimal points (use five decimal points during calculations) (6 marks) 3. Estimated the first derivative of the function f(x) = x? e% + 2x at x = 7 using step size h = 0.1 by using the forward, backward and central approximation then find the second derivative approximation by using central approximation (5 marks) 4. By using LU decomposition solve the system of equations (12 marks) 2A1x-4.21 y + 0.9212 = 2.01 4.01 x+10.2y-1122=-3.09 1.09 x + 0.987y + 0.8322 = 4.21 (use three decimal points during calculations) 8. Evaluate the following integral | x*e"dx where n = 6 by using Trapezoidal rule and Simpson's rule, find the exact solution, then find R.P.E in each case. (7 marks) 6. By using Euler method, solve the following differential equations ® ~ _y 4 <2 , given that y(1) = 2, h=0.1 to get y(1.2) .Find the exact dx solution and the R.P.E, then use the Runge-Kutta method to find better approximation for the solution and find the corresponding R.P.E (12 marks) Good Luck Exam Committee: Dr. Amr Abdelrazek aay 2b- &- Aol Alexandria University SSP Ayu dade Faculty of Engineering Haag LIS Specialized fic Programs & Heanadisll Sahl gal Natural Gas & Petrochemical Industries “Ss ha ghasS 9 ally gayplall jal Aaacia “Spring, 2011 Te) gy Separaion Processes II Y Gail he Time allowed: Two hours Giebet ga3) ‘Answer All ns: 1+ Prove that: VK. = Uk, + VHkg (4 marks) 2+ Discuss the effect of liquid-gas ratio on the concentration of the resulting solution coming out from absorption tower and also on the cost of recovery. (3 marks) 3- In gas absorption process, the following information are given: = Pure solvent is used + Noo=4.8 = Lm = 0.097 kmol/m’ s = (Y= Yom = (Y— Year mean ~ Initial and final mole fractions in the gas phase are 0.048 and 0.014 "respectively. = Y= 14X = Kga=0.049 kmol/ m’s (atm). Find: (a) Height of transfer unit (©) Tower height (S marks) 4- Prove that the total time of drying is given by the following equation: t= mA [( fifo f + In (fe) (S marks) 5- Write briefly on the following: i. Classification of dryers ii. Rotary dryer Tunnel dryer Drum dryer (8 marks) 6 Replace the following statements with a prober word/words or sentence: (a) The most important applications of L-L extraction, (b) L-L extraction equipment that is simple and easy to build but of very low efficiency. (©) The parameter that shows how the ease of separation is directly related to its numerical value. (@) The category of L-L extraction equipment that includes a series of physical stages. (©) The category of L-L extraction equipment in which the phases are continuously brought into contact with complete separation only at the exit of the unit. (A) The separation process that is complementary to L-L extraction process. (g) L-L extraction equipment that can handle corrosive liquor but not highly viscous liquor. ‘Compare between Baffle plate column and Scheibal column (6 marks) (@) Derive the equation used for calculating the theoretical number of stages in case of co- current if the equilibrium relation is a straight line and equal amount of solvents are added to each stage. (3 marks) (b) Acetaldehyde is in solution in toluene, it’s to be extracted with water in a multi-stage co-current unit. If 25 kg of water is used per 100 kg feed to reduce the concentration of acetaldehyde from 5% to 0.54% (by weight) . Find the theoretical number of stages and the amount of acetaldehyde extracted. If Y = kg acetaldehyde/ kg water and X = kg acetaldehyde/ kg toluene, then Y, = 2.2 X, represents the equilibrium relation. (4 marks) It is proposed to reduce the concentration of acetaldehyde in aqueous solution from 50% to 5% by weight, by extraction with solvent § at 293K. If counter current multiple contact process is adopted and 0.025 kg/s of the solution is treated with an equal quality of solvent determine the number of theoretical stages required and the weight and concentration of the extracted from the first stage. The equilibrium relationship for this system at 293K is given in the attached paper. (7 marks) Best wishes Prof. Dr.Ahmed Amin Prof. Dr. Nevine Kamal 100% 50 100% a Water Solvent S ‘Alexandria University ‘SSP Ayia daly, Faculty of Engineering iat a Specialized Scientific Programs Hema Sa gal June 201 19- 6— Qo 2011 ss ‘Course title Number: Petroleum Refininig Engines Ag Hl pS Aol Grea Time allowed: Two Hours hele: all 1. Vacuum tower has larger diameter and shorter height among other towers. Give reasons 2. Differentiate between thermal cracked gasoline and straight run gasoline. 3. Space velocity is an important parameter that affects the performance of catalytic cracking process. Explain All lubricating oils should get a dewaxing treatment in refinery. Give reasons Explain with the aid of simplified flow sheet the tube still cracking process. ‘What do you know about the viscosity index improvers? Differentiate between Gasoline engines and Diesel engines. eas Zeolite is preferable as a catalyst in catalytic cracking process. Give reasons. 9. In any vehicles, lubricating oil must be replaced at intervals of time. Give reasons. 10. High and low viscosities are undesirable in specifications of diesel fuel. 11. Explain the effect of temperature on thermal cracking process. (4*11=44 marks) 12. A petroleum fraction (S.G=0.825, K=11.5, aniline point=580 R°) has the following EFV distillation data: [ Vol% distilled 10 20 40 60 70 Temp. F” 335 370 440 510 545, For this fraction find out: 1. Volumetric average boiling point. 2. Slope of the corresponding ASTM curve. 3. Latent heat of vaporization. 4, Average molecular weight. 5. Diesel index. (8 marks) Note: Sketch the steps of all calculations in your answer Exam Committee: Dr.E-S.Z.El Ashtoukhy rm wm wee eee eee eee oe 5 a VACUUM ENGLER, salen, 4 [| SNELSON AN HanvEy » PIROMOOY AND 8 + PACKIE 3 © EDMISTER ‘+ SCHWARZENDEK » NELSON-SAyBOLT ‘SLOPE-OTHER YAPORIZATION CURVES, “F/PER CENT | - cae ve | a Lbs | sees ae | [eu «ss 6 SLOPE~TRUE -BOILING-POINT CURVE. °F/PER CENT Fic. 4-18. Relationships between the slopes (degrees/per cent) of various distillation or vaporization curves. (Oil Gas J.) 8 3 8 Heat of Vaporization, BAw./Lb. 3 3 8 1000 3 3ré a 8 400 '500 600. 700 eg JCrade oils f; ‘Reduced crude a t Me Gas oil & lubes B4 Si [Light lubes F B 2 : ase. & gas oil = Ql A. NENG S pistillates = 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900\Aviation gasa-kero. 2 Volumetrig Average Boiling Point, Deg. F. ‘Solvents Fic. 5-5. Atmospheric latent heat of vaporization as a function of molecular weight (preferred) or API gravity. (Courtesy of Hougen and Watson, “Chem. Process Princi- ples,” vol. 1, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.) age oe oe ii es Alexandria University SSP Ayaan deal Faculty of Engineering pore reg Specialized Scientific Programs Arendal! Ayalell ca yal) Choose the best answer(s) 23-h- ol) 1. The three methods which can be used in hazard control a. Physical, chemical & biological hazard b. Psychosocial, mechanical & physical c. Engineering, administrative & PEP “ d. engineering, administrative & PPE 2. Engineering control of workplace hazard can be achieved through a. Change process b. Enclose process c. Isolate process 4d. Alllof the above 3. Workplace hazard can be controlled using Administrative Controls through a. manipulation of the work schedule b. Using PPE c. Housekeeping & maintenance do a&e e. b&e 4. To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees by using PPE employers are responsible for: a, Assess workplace for hazards b. Provide PPE c. Provide PPE training for employees d. All of the above 5. To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees by using PPE employees are responsible for: a. Use PPE in accordance with training received and other instructions Ayyaisud dada, enka AIS Aecameadill dpalall gal pl Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Programs b. Inspect daily c. maintain in a clean and reliable condition d, all of the above 6. Hazards that pose danger to workers’ eyes and face. a. flying particles, b. liquid, gases or vapors chemicals ¢. Harmful light radiation, d. All ofthe above 71. ED This type of eye protection called a. Safety Glasses b. Laser Safety Goggles c. Safety goggles d. Sun glasses 8. of .. It's used to Protect eyes against burns from radiant light & Protects face and eyes fiom fying sparks, a b. ic 2 asa = = Alexandria University SSP. Aga) Anak Faculty of Engineering Lash 4S Specialized Scientific Programs Arenedtial yaad) gal 9. Hard Hats can be classified into a ClassG,E&C b. Class A, B,& C ©. Class E, F & H d. Botha&b e. Bothb&c 10. Safety Shoes must be a. impact-resistant b. heat-resistant. ©. May be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards d. Allof the above LL. The methyl isocyanate is a. Harmful b. Toxic ©. Highly water reactive d. All ofthe above 12. what favors high overpressure a. unconfinement b. bad weather c. large vapor cloud d. none of the above 13, ~ are materials that can detonate, explode or give off poisonous gases when exposed to light, air, water or other materials, a. Toxic Alexandria University SSP. Ayyalsutll deat, Faculty of Engineering es doa LI Specialized Scientific Programs G7 Aoadtall Lua) geal sl b. Corrosives c. Reactive d. Explosives 14, - -are these materials that can cause serious illness or death from exposure. a. Flammable b. Toxic c. Explosives d. Corrosives 15. —- is considered one physical hazard in workplace a. Heat b. Toxic chemicals c. Viruses , d. Machines 16. What are the three routes of entry of chemicals into the body? a. Ears, eyes and mouth b. nose, mouth and skin ©. swallowing, inhaling and drinking 4.” ingestion, inhalation and absorption 17. minimum ignition energy is dependent on a. ofine the combustion mixture b. Type of compound ©. All ofthe above 4. None of the above 18. What is acute toxicity of a chemical? &. a good-looking chemical 2 4 Alexandria University ssP Ayaan) ded Faculty of Engineering Lah Specialized Scientific Programs Aeonadidl Sule gal yl b, ‘the chemical is toxic only if you drink it ©. the chemical will harm you only after years of exposure 4. the chemical can harm you in a single dose over a short period of time 19, When is a chemical vapor flammable? a. Only ifitis really hot b. Only when the amount is above the UE ¢, When the amount in the air is above the LEL d. Whenever there is an open flame 20. How can you find out what chemical is in a product we use? a. Ask your supervisor b. Look on the label c. Read the MSDS d. Ask your co-worker 21. What should you do if there is a large chemical spill in your work area? a,” Run out of the area (or building) b. “Leave the area and inform your supervisor and coworkers ¢. Clean it up right away 4. Call emergency people 22. Material safety data sheets or “MSDSs" are information sheets on products that: a. tells what chemicals are in the product, b. what the hazards of the chemicals are, 5 Alexandria University SSP Ay abut dal, Faculty of Engineering &@ Rasabl AS Specialized Scientific Programs a Remedial Quad gal yl ©. " How to protect yourself from the hazards. d, All of the above 23 a. Flammable b. Oxidizers c. Irritant d. Corrosives mw if p Is the symbol of a. Flammable “in GHS, b. Oxidizers ec. Irritant d. Corrosives 2s is the symbol of a. Irritant in Gus, b. Toxic c. Corrosives d. Explosives 26. Communicate hazard information to employees through a. labels, b. MSDSs, Alexandria University SSP. Ay yuisuy! deal Faculty of Engineering deat AIS Specialized Scientific Programs Remade gly c. ‘formal training programs d._all of the above 27. Auto ignition temperature is a function of a, Concentration of the vapor b. Material in contact c.. Size of contaminant d, Allof the above 28. Symptoms that arises from toxic gases leakage in Bhopal include a, visual impairment and blindness b. respiratory difficulties c. Vomiting. d. All of the above 29. To control static sparks we use a, Grounding bi Inerting, c.” Relaxation d. Allofthe above 30. Each container of hazardous chemicals entering the workplace must be labeled or marked with: a. Identity of the chemical b. Appropriate hazard warnings c, Name and address of the responsible party Alexandria University SSP Ay jsut dead, Faculty of Engineering aad aS Specialized Scientific Programs Armed yall gal yh d. “all of the above 31. To reduce energy costs in Bhopal, ~ swas switched off, The MIC was kept at 20 degrees Celsius, not the 4.5 degrees advised by the manual a. Refrigeration system b, Heating system ©. Distillation system d. All of the above 2. are these materials give off heat, smoke, soot and may disperse toxic pollutants and by-products into the air and have a Flash Point below 60°C : a. Flammable b. Toxic c. Explosives d. All of the above is a substance or mixture in a solid or liquid phase which is itself capable by chemical reaction of producing a gas at such T, P& speed to cause damage to the Surroun: a, Flammable b. corrosives . Explosives d. Alllof the above are materials that can cause injury to the skin or body, or destroy their own containers or other materials and be released into the environment. Alexandria University SSP Hypa) Meal, Faculty of Engineering S Lash 4S Specialized Scientific Programs SE HanaStal yaa gall a. Flammable b. Corrosives ©. Explosives d. Toxic 35. Controlling static electricity is accomplished by a, b. c. a. Reduce rate of charge generation Increase the rate of charge relaxation Use of bonding and grounding to prevent discharge All of the above 36. Factors leading to the magnitude of the gas leak in Bhopal include: 4 Storing MIC in large tanks Poor maintenance Failure of several safety system All of the above 37. Area tlassification by NEC is based on °. d, Classes Groups Divisions All of the above 38, The most important immediate task for injured person are a. b. Rescue operations Medical treatment of the injured ' Alexandria University SSP Ay paisa) deal, Faculty of Engineering corer nce Specialized Scientific Programs AacaSiall Ayalall gal yl Ae Prevention of further injuries d. All of the above 39. The factors which influence the degree of poisoning caused by a chemical are: a, Amount or dose entering the body. b. Toxicity of the chemical c. Removal from the body and biological variation d. All the above 40. You can protect yourself from hazardous chemicals by; a, Using roof fans b. Buying new chemicals ©. Good maintenance of machinery and equipment. d. None of the above 41. Metals are hazardous because: e. All of them are known to be both physical and health hazards. £. Some metals are almost nontoxic. & All the above. fh. None of the above, 42. Physical evidence is very important because a. Itis the most non- controversial information available b. Itis subject to rapid change c. Itmust be disturbed from legal point of view 4. Allof the above 43. Physical evidence might include a. Environmental condition b. Safety devices& guards €. Equipment & material used 10 Alexandria University SSP Ay paca Mealy, Faculty of Engineering dahl US Specialized Scientific Programs Reanadial Ayala geal pl d. Allof the above 44. The following are advisable on interviewing a. Try to sense any underlying feelings of the b. Interrupt the witness whenever possible c. Don't leave a great time to the witness to think in the question 4d. None of the above 45. The questions to the witness are better to start by a. What b. Where ©. How 4. All of the above 46. Follow up actions include a. Respond to the recommendation in report b. Develop a timetable for correction action c. None of the above d. Allof the above 47. This 15 minutes exposure should: ‘a. Not be longer than 15 minutes, b. Not occur more than 4 times/day, and c, Beat least 60 min between two successive exposures. d. All of the above Complete Tes is type of body protection that protect workers who works in hot environment 2. Accident investigation is mainly for ......... and not H Alexandria University SSP Ay psa day Faculty of Engineering oadl WS Specialized Scientific Programs femwadil yaad) gal yD 3. Accident is a result of 4, The class ..........:.es.s hard hat Protect against falling objects, high-voltage shock/burns 5. Flash point is the atwhich flammable liquids 6. Liquids with flash point 100° F are ... 7. Volume % 2 below which combustion can't occur is .... 8. An overpressure caused when a rather than simply burns iS ......--.+00e. ... denonates in open air 9. One pound of hydrocarbon has about ton fold LHV than one pound of TNT NO. eeeeesessssesssssssui8 the result of a vessel failure in the fire release of a u. +e: The concentration of contaminant that should not be exoeeded duting any part of the working day. 12. Don't order chemicals if 13... suis the consequence of one chemical counteracting the effects of another cherea, the opposing chemicals cancel out cach other's effects. 14. In safety work practices in chemical storage a. Don't b. Dont... Question 3 put true or false 1. Lower limits of flammability increase with temperature rising QO 2. At 100 atm. HEL increased significantly than at 1 atm. oO 3. Interviewing witnesses are probably an easy task facing an investigation ( ) 4, Witnesses are left to discuss the accident among themselves to make conclusion O 5. Smoking is the major fire ignition source QO (2 Alexandria University SSP. Ayu deal Faculty of Engineering ns SS Specialized Scientific Programs Hcwadial Ayalall gal yl 6. The main difference between the deflagration & explosion is the energy transfer velocity C) 7. Pressure rises by heat balance in free volume with pressure ratio about 10 ( ) 8. Static build up by walking across a carpet is about 100 times oO 9. Photographs and diagrams are not essential in the final report of accident investigation oO 10, The measure of the good accident report is plenty of details oO 11, PPE are classified intro 3 classes depending on hazards severity oO Answer the following questions 1) It is necessary to use charcoal tubes to estimate an employee's exposure to chloroform. Each charcoal tube is limited to 60 minutes’ collection time. Out of the possible eight samples that could have been taken, only six were collected The following results were obtained: | Sample No |” Results (ppm) 35 i 2 65 3 4 60 t 6 60 Calculate the time weighted average exposure. 2) a mixture of liquids contains: 50% heptane of TLV=1640 mg/m3,30% chloroethne of TLV= 1910 mg/m3,20% perchloroethylene of TLV= 170 mg/m3 a. Calculate the TLV (hygienic effect) of the mixture if the multiple effect of the mixture is synergistic. b. Calculate the TLV of each substance in the mixture 3) Determine LEL of Octane CsHis, given that Octane start to burn at 50 % stoichiometry 13 wwe ee eee ee eee Alexandria University SSP Ay yas) deat Faculty of Engineering Hansigh As Specialized Scientific Programs Awad Ayala gl yd Juin 2011 TONY gan Course title Number: Modeling and TIA BLD gies ly kd pad Simulation GPE426 ‘Time allowed: 2 hours 2t-4 -20\\ cMetiue a3 Answer All Questions and indicate any numerical value with its corresponding units, Write with the blue pen. Pencils are only used for drawing. nswer the questions in their orders...Do not mix your answers. Do not answer the same question more than once 1. A tank of diameter 2 m containing liquid discharges via a short base connection of diameter 0.1 m. Assuming the absence of any frictional flow effects, the outlet flow velocity, v, is related to the instantaneous height of liquid within the tank, by the relationship v = /2gh where gis gravity acceleration =9.8 m/s” and / is the height of liquid. If initially the height of the liquid was 7 m; calculate the height after 1 and 2 seconds. (5 decimal digits) [8 pt] 2. Consider a batch reactor with a series reaction where component A reacts to form the desired component B reversibly. Component B can also react to form the undesired component C. The reaction scheme can be characterized by: ky Ske A+2B—C5D = ie where C4, Cp and Ce represent the concentrations (mol/volume) of component A, B, and C respectively. And the values for ky~= 0.25, ky-= 0.1, and k= 0.9 s", Calculate the concentrations of the different species at times 1,2 and 3 seconds. Arrange your final answer in the following table in your answer sheet (5 decimal digits): [15 pt] Time=0 Time=1s | Time=2s | Time=35 Ci (molliter) 1 ‘Cy (molMiter) 1 Ce (molMiter) 0 Co(molliter) 0 3. Irreversible consecutive reactions A — B occur in a jacketed, stirred-tank reactor as shown in Figure.Derive a dynamic model (Total mass balance, components mass balance, reactor energy balance, jacket mass balance, and jacket energy balance) based on the following assumptions: (@ The contents of the tank and cooling jacket are well mixed. The volumes of material in the jacket and in the tank do not vary with time. (Gi) The reaction rates are given by 1 = kye"F/FTC, [=] mols L Page 1 of 2 =o oe oes oes ii) The thermal capacitances of the tank contents and the jacket contents are significant relative to the thermal capacitances of the jacket and tank walls, which can be neglected. (iv)The feed consists of only A: Constant physical properties and heat transfer coefficients can be assumed. Fed 4 A v ‘Coolant cut de Fe Coolant In ein Te Teckeled coactor Product cue Ta Note: Indicate all your nomenclature with their wnits in a table at the start of your solution, Indicate the units of the equations. All flow rates (q1, q, qe and qa) are volumetric flow rates in L/s. The concentrations have units of mol/L. Heat Capacity in J/kg K. The heat of reaction is AH; (Imol reacted) [12 pt] 4. Consider a blending tank that has two inlet streams with mass flow rates ; and W2 (150 and 120 g/min) and an exit stream with flow rate W3. The tank exit stream, W, has a valve that is used to establish the flow rate. The cylindrical tank is 2.5 m tall and 2 m in diameter. The liquid has a density of 900 kg/m’. The nominal inlet stream mass fraction of component A are x, and x2 = The process has been operating for a long time with constant flow rates and inlet concentrations. Under these conditions, it has come to steady state with liquid level A=1.75 m. Assuming the tank is perfectly mixed and W3 = C,Vh- 5. a. Find the value of C, [1pt] b. Ifsuddenly x; is changed from 0.5 to 0.7 without changing the inlet flow rates, calculate the values of mass fraction of component A in the exit stream w at times 1, 2 and 3 min after that changes. Arrange your final answers in the following table in your answer paper. [7 pt] ‘Time, min. 1 2 3 Value of x3 c. Ifsuddenly »; is changed from 150 to 100 kg/min without the change of any other input variables (x, and x2 are still at 0.5), then calculate the value of the height of the liquid in the tank at times 1, 2 and 3 minutes after that change. Arrange your final answers in the following table in your answer paper. {7 pt] Time, min. i 2 3 Value of h, m Page 2 of 2 nee eee eS eee eee ee ee le aot ee goll Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Gas and Petrochemical Engineering Program PGE 423 Natural Gas Production Final Exam June 2011 Prof. Salah E.M.Hamam Time allowed: 45 minutes First Paper Student Name: seneseseneeensssecepesessoes Number:..........0 Answer the following questions as instructed: 1, Porosity is measure Of .........0.ccceseeeseeesseeesecenseerenee and can be expressed by the following formulas Porosity= ( Total Porosity= (--- Effective porosity= (--- ) (2Marks) 2. The flow rate of hydrocarbons depends on the fluid properties such as ............... . State the relation between the the property selected and the flow rate (1Mark) 3.Seismology technique is used to (Descibe briefly the basis of this technology and use) (2marks) Ce ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee PartlI: True and False statement .Select one and only one correct answer. Reasoning for selection carries at least 50%of the mark. 1 .Upon the increase of pressure the porosity will increase. TC ) FC) -- (1 mark) 2.Formation composed of non-uniform grains have a lower porosity and poor permeability. (Imark) 3.Oil and gas can exist in Igneous and metamorphic rocks at a reasonable quantities. (Imark) 1 ) FO) 4.Wet gas is used to describe a gas containing water(1 mark). TC ) FC) 5. Total porosity is bigger than effective Porosity ™ ) He) (Imarks) ne Heee eS eS eS Se eS eS eS SS Se eS ee Part III Essay type questions The following graphs represent different reservoir behavior. For each graph stick the corresponding legend to the lines or the graph as a whole .At the end one should explain what conclusion is reached at and what action to be taken to overcome any of the problems that might be detected. (6marks ‘What are the legend for this graph. What type of reservoirs it describes What actions. should be taken to ensure proper production and understanding of the reservoir if possible _ ‘What are the reservoir characteristics and what can be done to ensure good operation of the reservoir to the best of your knowledge, CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION —> 3.Derive an expression for Bg and explain its significance (2 marks) ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Petrochemical and Gas Program PGE424 Natural Gas Production Second Paper 1.A piece of rock was used to determine the formation properties. The data collected were as follows: Bulk volume=222ce Mass =550gm Density of the dry mass=3gm/cc Volume of the fluid saturating the sample=30ce Calculate a)Total porosity b)Effective porosity c)How much gas can be stored in this reservoir per Acre-ft the water saturation is 20 % d)what the volume of the gas at standard conditions contained in an Acre-ft of the reservoir at an estimated abandonment of 220psia , Z=0.85 and reservoir temperature 580 ‘R. 2.An orifice metering system is required to measure approximately 8MM scfd of 0.7 gravity at a line of 240 psig .The meter run is to be made of 8in.pipe (7.981 in .ID).Determine the size of the orifice plate to give the differential pressure of about 50 inches. Flowing temperature average about 80 F. 3. A plot of P/Z against G, with aslope m=59.37and P;/Z ;=2866psia is extracted from the listed data below. Find G. estimate the gas recovery if the reservoir pressure is drawn to 300 psia. If Ty= 200'F, Yo=r09 ZB < = 08 e, | = 3lb psa ” aooypsis = 49 | a pits Me : Zz p/Z 1 0.767 2458 2 0.787 2058 44.002 3 0.828 1455, 23.687 4 0.866 1025 31.008 5 0.900 77 36.207 Ce ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee hoe Alexandria University pit fate Faculty of Engineering : ag Specialized Seleniic Programs Lanai a gold June, 2011 2011 oa ie NT Natal aa Lguaasion 5 ces eae! ‘Time alowed: Two hours 2B -b - 20\l chet: Gait Model |. The most appropriate liquefaction process for small peak shave plants is 4) the expander cycle ») the MR with C3 precooling eycle c) the dual MR cycle «) the optimized cascade cycle Be Matching s closely as possible the cooling/neatng curves ofthe process gas and the refrigerant results in. a) more efficient thermodynamic process 'b) more power produced per unit of LNG produced «) increase in heat losses 4) all ofthe previous Bethe later stages in the mixed fluid cascade process would need refrigerants that boil: 4) at very high temperatures b) at very low temperatures ) at moderate temperatures €)b)&e) 4. The Technip-Tealare process consists of: 4) two refrigeration eyeles ¢) two refrigeration cycles with a subcoolin 'S. The boil-off gas is used in the precot 1) the Axens-Liquefin process by the Poly Retfigerant Integrated Cyele Operation 6) the Exxon Mobil Dual multicomponent process 4) the Technip-Tealare process 6. The advantages of the Exxon Mobil Dual multicomponent process setup: 4) the division of selected tasks of different regions in the process 'b) reduce the downtime if any equipment ©) a)&b) 4) none of the previous 5. Among the disadvantages of large electrical motor drivers: 4) non flexible ») untried in the LNG plants ‘¢) requites large power plants ab) &e) 8 The basic single expander cycle ean be modified to increase its efficiency by: 'b) using two expanders operating at 'b) two refrigeration eyeles with a precooling stage 4) single refrigeration cycle ifferent pressures 4) using a precooling stage ‘) using a booster compressor 4a) &b) 5. The simplest liquefaction process currently in operation is: a) Price Process b) APCIC3-MR 4) Axens Liquefin Process ) simple cascade 10, The APCI C3-MR has: 1) two cooling cycles ©) two cooling cycles with one subeooling cycle 6) three cooling cycles 11. Inthe precooling stage of the Technip-Tealare process, the refrigerant used is: 'b) mixed refrigerant by one cooling cycle 4) pure hydrocarbon reffigerant ©) natural gas 4) CO: 12. The second refrigeration cycle in the Technip-Tealare process is used to cool: 4) the mixed refrigerant ’) the natural gas «) the boil-off ) the maximum useful work possible during a process 4) the ability ofa system to consistently perform its required function 4) the study of the environmental impact of the process 6) the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems 37. The size ofthe main condenser will depend upon: 4) the nature ofthe reffigerant (pure or mixed) )a) & b) 38. The mach number ofthe compressor is affected by: 4) the density of the fluid in the compressor oa) &) 39, The purpose ofthe subcooling cycle in the APCI AP-X process is: 1a) to increase the efficiency of the process. 'b) to increase the capacity ofthe process. {to lower the amount of mixed refrigerant needed through the spiral wound heat exchangers. d) all of the previous 40, ‘The APCI AP-X process utilizes: 4) aplate and fin heat exchanger >) a spiral wound heat exchanger )@ brazed aluminum fin heat exchanger 4)a) &b) 41. The firs refrigeration eycle in the Technip-Tealare process i used to cool: a) the mixed refrigerant ) the natural gas «) the boil-off 4) none of the above b) ATim «d) none of the previous ») the velocity ofthe shaft blades 4) none ofthe previous 42. The ExxonMobil Dual Multicomponent process was designed similarly to: 1) the DMR process ’) the APCI C3-MR «d) none of the previous «) the simple cascade 4. The change in the temperature approach value affects the overall cycle efficiency due tothe change in: the MCHE load ») the discharge pressure of the compressor 6) the duty ofthe expansion valve 4) all ofthe previous ‘44, The LPG recovery unit will be economically attractive with a natural gas feed having: 4) high methane and ethane content 'b) high propane and butane content ¢) high butane and pentane content 4) none of the previous 45, The compressor mach number is: 4) lower with a pure refrigerant than with a mixed refrigerant >) lower with a propane than with a mixed refrigerant «) lower with a mixed refrigerant than with a pure refrigerant 4) does not differ from pure or mixed refrigerants 146, The difference between the double containment and full containment design is: 4) the inner tank material of construction ') the outer tank material of construction ¢) the roof material of construction 4d) all ofthe previous 47, The disadvantages of the APC! AP-X: 4) high reftigerant flow associated with thermodynamic inefficiency ») susceptibility to changes in feed conditions ) complex machinery configuration )) &b) 48. The Axens Liquefin process uses two reftigeration cycles: ») Both using pure reftigerants 4) the first using pure refrigerant and the second using mixed refrigerant O)the first using mixed refrigerant and the second using pure refrigerant) both using mixed refrigerant 49. The disadvantages of the Exxon Mobil Dual multicomponent process setup: ) increased capital cost ») increased ut «) increased maintenance cost 4) all ofthe previous 50. The disadvantage of the Mustang Engineering Smart Liquefaction Process: 4) final liquefied natural gas is only portion of the feed gas 'b) complex design ) bulky equipment @)all ofthe pr in the condenser will result in: 51, An increase of 35% in the logarithmic mean temperature difference 4) an increase of 35% in the condenser area ¢¢)no change in the condenser area ‘52. The basic types of aboveground storage vessels in use are: b) three types a) two types 4) four types. 'b)a decrease of 35% in the condenscr area d) an increase of 70% in the condenser area ©) six types ‘$3. To provide the mechanical support needed for in ground tanks: 1) the surrounding earth can be used ») an in-pit construction can be used ) none of the previous oa) &b) ‘54. The heating element in the bottom of the storage tanks has the purpose oft ‘) enhancing the ground freezing 'b) controlling the rate of boil-off «) controlling the ground freezing ‘d) none of the previous Page 3 of 10 aa See eee eee eee eee eee ee 55, The cascade process uses three refrigeration cycles: a) ituses pure refrigerant for precooling and the rest mixed refigerants _b) all cycles use mixed refrigerants ¢) ituses pure refrigerant for subcooling and the rest mixed refrigerants __d) all cycles use pure refrigerants 56. Among the modifications ofthe enhanced cascade from the simple cascade process: ) balanced refrigeration loads ’) different refrigerants ) improved plant layout d)a)&e) 57. Which ofthe following process has the intention to be used on a floating barge for natural gas wells in oceans or off-shore: a) the Mustang Engineering Smart Liquefaction Process ») the Exxon Mobil Dual multicomponent process ¢) the Technip-Tealare process 4) none of the previous 58. The ultimate heat rejection sink for LING processes is 8) ambient air or cooling water 6) refrigerant or cvoling water 59, The most widely used metal for large LNG tanks: a) stainless steel >) ambient air or refrigerant 4) refrigerant or natural gas ') Nine percent-nickel steel ©) five percent- chromium steel 4) five percent- Molybdenum steel 60. The most economical choice forthe storage design is: a) the single containment design ») double containment design d)a) &b) ¢) full containment design 61, The weathering can be defined as: 4) the sudden vapor releases during storage ») the presence of more than one layer with different compositions ‘the change in the LNG composition due to component evaporation d) presence of many components with different boiling points 62. Instoring the LNG, ifthe new charge is lighter than the existing liquid in the tank itis better that: 1) it goes in tothe middle layer ') it goes into the top layer cit goes in atthe bottom ofthe tank 4d) it keeps moving in the tank 63. The boil-off gas after its use in precooling the natural gas: a) is collected as fuel gas ») is reintroduced into the system to be liquefied «) is vented to the air 4) ayeb) 64. The process requirements in the design basis ofa cycle development include: 1) design feed conditions ’b) product specifications ‘) ambient conditions 4) all ofthe previous 65, Among the proprietary equipment in the LNG process: ) Spiral wound heat exchangers ») Plate and fin heat exchangers ) Shell and tube heat exchangers 4) None of the previous 66. The heating medium in the selected liquefaction process can be: 1) Steam ') Natural gas ©) LPG 4) None of the previous 67. Wider feed range may favor: 4) Pure refrigerant processes ’b) Mixed refrigerant processes 4) None of the previous oa) &b) 68, Which of the following cycles has the smallest heat exchanger area: 8) APCI C-MR 1) The cascade eycle ) APCI AP-X d)a) &c) 69. The sensitivity to vessel motion is low in the case of: 4) The cascade cycle ) The MR cycle ‘) The expander cycle )a)&b) 50. Problems of distributing vapor and liquid phases uniformly into the heat exchanger are eliminated in 4) the MR with precooling cycle ) the dual MR eyele «) the expander cycle 4) the classical cascade cycle 71 I considerations taken into account when selecting the LNG technology: ») Process efficiency 4) All ofthe previous ¢) Environmental impact 72. Among the disadvantages of the large gas turbines: 4) Strict maintenance cycle ) Complicated control ©) Fixed speed 4) All ofthe previous 33. The choice of the cooling medium in the selected liquefaction process is between: 4) Air and water ’) Water and ammonia 4) None of the previous «) Air and glycol solution 74. The disadvantages of air cooling compared to sea water cooling: 4) Less efficient process b) lower operating cost ‘e) Lower cooling system CAPEX 4)a) &b) Page 4 of 10 Ce ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee hm ee me 75. The main disadvantage of the expander cycles: 4) The temperature control is crucial ) High power consumption ©) Difficult distribution of vapor and liquid phases uniformly into the heat exchanger __d) None of the previous 76. The purpose of passing the refrigerant through an expansion valve before sending it back to a heat exchanger i: a) to condense the refrigerant b) to further recoo! the refrigerant ©) a) &b) «¢) nothing of the previous 77.__ ‘The advantages ofthe Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operation: 4) simple setup b) reduced capital cost oa) &b) 4) none of the previous 78. ‘The propane in the APCI C3-MR process 8) precools the natural gas ) precools the mixed refrigerant ab) <4) none ofthe previous 79. The cascade eycle's main disadvantage i: 8) High heat exchanger area ») High power requirement ) Not suitable for large train capacity 4) Relatively high capital cost 80. The disadvantages of the mixed refrigerant cycles: 8) Thermodynamic losses associated with high flow rates ) Sensitivity to feed compositon €) Higher power requirements than the eascade cycle 4) All of the previous 81. The main advantage of heating oil medium compared to steam: 2) Iteliminates the need for steam generation and water treatment. by Ithas high reboiler cost «) Lower heating system CAPEX 4) None of the previous 82, The advantages of the mixed refigerant cycles: 1) The machinery configuration is simple by high amount of rotary equipment 6) It needs more vessels for refrigerant separation 4) lof the previous 83. Which ofthe following technologies uses different pressure propane to precool the natural ges: a) the dual MR cycle by the APCI AP-X process ‘) the Axens Liquefin process 4) the Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operation 84, The most expensive heat exchanger is: 4) the plat and fin heat exchanger ») the spiral wound heat exchanger ¢) the brazed aluminum fin heat exchanger aya) &b) 85. The modification in the APCI AP-X process from the APCI C3-MR process is: 8) changing the mixed refrigerant composition ) changing the propane pressures 6) adding a subcooling cycle 4)a)&e) 86. The DMR cycle is similar to: 1) the caseade eycle bythe Poly Refrigerant Integrated Cycle Operation 6) the APCI C3-MR. 4) the APCI AP-X 87. The advantages of the expander cycles: a) Simple start up ») Simple shut down «) Tolerance to changes in feed composition 4d) All ofthe previous 88, The basic single expander cycle can be modified to increase its efficiency by: 4) Natural gas precooling with a conventional vapor compression cycle _b) Employing two expanders «€) Using nitrogen precooling step da) &b) 89, The cycle with the least power consumption is: a) The cascade cycle +) The single mixed refrigerant cycle ¢) The mixed refrigerant cycle with propane pre-cooling

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