rE marae STI hla ae eee ee ee Alexandria University SSP. Agata dead. Faculty of Engineering "Aang ls Specialized Scientific Programs D Branadiall Atal gall} June , 2013 June, 2008 Course title Number:organic vos Ge PSA gg Elly yall pal chemistry 2 GP(204), ‘Time allowed:2 hrs. GP(204).. lel 3, ‘Answer All Questions Question on Ac Choose the correct answer from A,B, C or D jich compound would haye the lowest pKa A)- I-Hexanol B)- Phenol C)- 4-Methylphenol- D)- 4-Chlorophenol 2-The common name for 1,2-benzenediol is which of these “A)- Catechol B)- m -Cresol C)- Resorcinol D)- Hydroquinone 3-Refluxing anisole, CHjOC 2- and 4-chloro-1-isopropylbenzene A}-Chy light, and heat B)-Ch, FeCl, ©)-SOCI, D)- HCI, peroxides 12-Undesired polysubstitution of an aromatic nucleus is most likely to be encountered in the case of: A)- Friedel-Crafts alkylation B)- Friedel-Crafts acylation ©)- Nitration D)-Sulfonation (12x0.5=6 points) B-Give the scientific term corresponding to the following statement - A type of polymers that have the particular kind of elasticity characteristics of rubber. 2- Polymers have two or more polymer chains linked together at one or more points other than their ends, 3-A polymer in which sections made up of one monomer alternate with sections of another. 4-A type of polymer which continues polymerization once again by adding additional monomer. 5-A polymer that contains two or more kinds of monomeric units. 6- A polypropylene stereoisomer which is nonerystalline, has a low softening point, and has poor mechanical properties. (6x0.5=3 points) C)- Compare between HDPE and LDPE, G points) Question two: tate whether the following statements are false or true and correct the false one: 1-Termination in cationic polymerization involves reaction with an impurity or some other molecules not a necessary part of polymerization system. 2- Most of the worldwide industrial preparation of phenol is now based on the alkali fusion of sodium sulfonate. Exam Committee: __Lecturer Name___,Prof.Dr. Taghreed M. Z. . a4)3-In isotactic polypropylene the methyl groups alternate regularly from one side of the stretched chain to the other 4- The step growth polymer terminates by having one of the monomers in excess, which produces a “polymer with simil 5-Living polymer provide the best route to graft copolymer and permit the introduction of a variety of terminal groups. 6- Compounds that have a hydroxyl group directly attached to sp’ carbon are called phenol 7-A linear polymer is obtained by condensation of two monomers each monomer molecule contains not more than one functional group. 8- Reaction of secondary arylamines with nitrous acid results in the formation of relatively stable arenediazonium salts. 9- Arendiazonium salts undergo a coupling reaction with activated rings to yield colored azo- compounds, the reaction almost always occurs at the ortho positions. 10- The carbon atom directly attached to the benzene ring is called benzyl carbon. (10x1=10 points) B- Starting with aniline, outline a synthesis of each of the following 1)-0-bromoaniline 2)-methyphenyl ester (phenyl acetate ester) 3)-ethoxybenzene (3x26 points) C-Which monomer and which type of initiator would you use to synthesize each of the following polymers explain your choice: » -$CH-CHy, _ | af of} an iT a ~eon,cH 3, : ‘cepormer €CH,CH, (4x, ints) Question three: A-Complete the follo 1- Ethylene polymerizes by a radical mechanism when it is heated at a pressure of 1000 atm with a small amount of --------------which is added for initiating the reaction according to the following reactions: mechanism 2- In the propagation step simply adds more ethylene molecules to growing chain according to the following reaction. 3. —~--- steps in which consume but not form free-radical which takes place by two methods: _)—— ee aa = ee In which two radicals can combine together to form a stable bond, thus ending the polymerization process as follows: In which, one hydrogen atom transferred from one radical to the other ending the radical state and forming a double bond in the one it leaves as follows: Exam Committee: __Lecturer Name ,Prof.Dr. Taghreed M. Z. , ws)4-Chain transfer reactions often occur and result in polyethylene. Chain transfer results from abstraction of a hydrogen atom by a —--——-—--chain transfer may occur - “= OF-—-------e--—-Which results in short branches. (12x0.5=6 points) ‘B-For each of the following, state whether or not you would expect reaction to occur to any significant extent. Write equation for the reactions you think will occur and naming all products: 1-phenol+HBr ————» 2-propyl benzene +Cl; (400 °C) > 3. Killed polymer of polystyrene +styrene. —__» 4-1-phenylpropene+HBr ( peroxide) ___, 5-Benzene+H,( Ni, 200°C,100 atm) —__» 6-phenol+Br; (CS;,5 °C) ——> (Gx1=6 points) C-Explain the following with writing equation whenever possible: 1-Whatever the mechanism free radical, cationic, anionic- styrene polymeri almost head to tail arrangement of unit. 2-Both O-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol can be easily separated by steam '3-Halo groups are deactivating but, ortho-para directors. 4- In F-C reaction the aromatic compound is used in excess. Gx1=4 points) mn gives products with Nation. D- Outlines all steps in the synthesis of the following compounds from the corresponding compounds, using any needed aliphatic or inorganic reagents 1)-4-nitro-2,6 dibromoanisole from (phenol) 2)-2-nitroterephthalic acid from p-xylene 3)-I-bromo-I-phenyl ethane from styrene (Gx1=3 points) Exam Committee: Lecturer Name, Prof Dr. Taghreed M. Z. , wa)Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Specialized Scientific Programs Sune, 2013 ‘Course title Number: Fundamentals of Energy Balance GPE 212 Time allowed: 2 hours Answer the following questions: 1) Superheated steam at 450°C and 10 bars is used to vaporize countercurrently a flowing stream of ethanol. Liquid ethanol is fed at 30°C and atmospheric pressure and leaves as vapor at 90°C and same pressure. The ethanol vapor emerges with a flow rate of 6000 L (STPYmin, ‘The steam condenses and leaves the heat exchanger as liquid water at 85°C. The heat exchanger works adiabatically, A) Calculate the required flow rate of the entering steam in m’/sec. B) Calculate the rate of heat transfer from the steam to the ethanol (kW). (15 marks) 2) Benzene vapor at 580°C is cooled and converted to liquid at 25°C in continuous condenser The condensate is drained into 3.75-m° drums; each of which takes 5 minutes to fill. Calculate the rate at which heat is transferred from the benzene in the condenser (kW). (5 marks) 3) mbutane is converted into i-butane in a continuous isomerization reactor that operates. ‘sothermally at 149°C and atmospheric pressure. The feed consists of 93 mole% n-butane, 5% irbutane and 2% HCI at 149°C. 40% conversion of n-butane is achieved. Calculate the rate of heat transferred to or from the reactor (state which) in kW for a feed rate of 350 moV/min (10 marks) 4) Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide in a small pilot plant reactor, SOz and 100% excess air are fed to the reactor at 450°C. The reaction proceeds to 65% conversion of SOs, The Products emerge from the reactor at S50°C. The production rate of SOs is 1000 kg/h, The reactor is surrounded by a water jacket into which water is fed at 25°C a) Calculate the heat rate (kW) transferred from the reactor to the water 5) Calculate the minimum flow rate of cooling water if its temperature rise is to be kept below 15°C. (15 marks) 5) Na(@) + O2(g) > 2NO (g) AH = +180.7 kT 2NO (g) + O2 (g) + 2 NO» (g) AH% = -113.1k 2.20 — 2 Na(g) + O2 (g) AH%s = -163.2 kT Find AH‘, for the following reaction: N20 (g) + NO2(g) > 3 NO (g) (5 marks) With my best wishes Dr. Yasmine Ossama a/aee Alexandria University a Ayal daly Faculty of Engineering “ Assigh ls Specialized Scientific Programs & Hwan Eyal) gap JUNE 2013 2013 iss GPE 332. Final Exam . Environmental. Science & Engng. 1) a Draw flow diagrams showing the following: i) Block diagram of a complete wastewater treatment plant. ii) Points of possible air pollution control b- The BODs ofa wastewater sample was found to be 39 mg/L. The initial ‘oxygen concentration of the BOD dilution water was equal to 8.8 mg/L. ‘The DO concentration after incubation was equal to 2.8 mg/L and the sample used was 38 mL. Ifthe volume of the BOD dilution bottle used was equal to 300 mL, estimate the initial DO concentration in the waste sample, (10 Marks ) 2) a- Comment on the following statements: i) Water has usually high boiling point. ‘There are several measures of oxygen demand commonly used. iii) Volatile organic compounds are the most commonly found contaminant in ground water. iv) Photosynthesis is basically a redox reaction. v) In colorimetric analysis, a standard dilution series is used to estimate the concentration of ammonia in wastewater. Iculate the ThCOD of a 96mg/L. solution of glucose. ( Cs Hi2 Os ). (C2716) 1) be (8 Marks ) 3) a Write equations representing : i) Aerobic decomposition of complex organic compounds, ii) Anaerobic biodegradation. b- Write short notes on biological oxygen demand (BOD ) , and the method of its determination in wastewater. c- Explain in details the standard test for determination of COD. (10 Marks ) 4) a- Write short notes on the following, i) Tertiary treatment of wastewater ii) Control of gaseous pollutants b- What is the difference between recycling and recovery in solid waste Management. c- A rectangular primary clarifier for a domestic wastewater plant is to be Designed to settle 1960 m’ / day with an overflow rate of 31.5 m’/m? day. The tank is to be 2.3m deep and 4.1 m wide. How long is to be and what is the detention time ? (10 Marks ) 5)--a- What are the sources of oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons.emissions. oe be Discuss the following statement: * “Cyclones, fabric filters and wet collectors are ¢Hfective means of. a Controlling particulates” (12 Marks )i c i E t I E pease ee ssp Ay put daly Faculty of Engineering Huss AIS Specialized Scientific Programs es Aeonastall aba gl Natural Gas & Petrochemical Industries S HLS g fall y gape) JEN Recta Spring, 2013 2013 ex ‘Separaion Processes 2 2 deal chk Time allowed: Two hours Gabe a3 ‘Answer All Questions: Question One a) State whether the following statement true or false and correct the false one: (15 points) 1- According to Whitman theory, the gas molecule is transferred in the bulk by convection. 2- For drying powder materials direct heating is preferred. 3- The driving force for drying is the difference between the partial pressure of solvent and its vapour pressure. 4- Critical moisture content is the amount of moisture that will remain with the material after drying 5- The pressure drop for wet drained packed is higher than that of dry packed column. 6-In removing unbound water the rate of drying falls. 7- In stripping process one or more components are removed from liquid stream by adsorption with liquid. 8 InColuburn chart as the ratio of gas to liquid ratio increase the height of tower decrease. 9- The spray towers have a high performance than packed towers. 10- The value of E.M.C. is equal to zero in porous materials. I] Twa, is equal to the Ty», when relative humidity is 100%. 12- Diffusion in L-L extraction process is considered to be two way diffus 13- The gas absorption column always operates at half loading point 14- Only the temperature and air humidity can affects the rate of drying. 15- Indirect heating dryers are not used with heat sensitive materials. (b) Give reasons for each of the following: (6 points) I- During drying of solids, the rate of drying at the beginning is constant than it falls. 2- The bound moisture is difficult to remove by drying. 3. The slope of operating line affects the capital and operating cost, it also affects the gas absorption column performance. Question Two (@) 160 cm? /s of a solvent $ is used to treat 400 em? /s of a 10 % by mass solution of A in B, ina countercurrent multiple contact liquid-liquid extraction plant. If i's required to extract 48.68 % of the solute, determine: 1- The composition of the final raffinate. 2- The number of stages needed for the above process. 3- Using the same number of stages obtained from the previous required, and the same total amount of solvent evenly distributed between the stages in a simple multiple contact arrangement (ie. co-curtent) what would be the composition of the final raffinate?(the density of the new solvent(S), the solute(A)and the original solvent(B) is 800, 1200 and 1000 Kg/ 1’ respectively), the equilibrium data is as follows: (X) KgA/KgB: 0.05 0.1 0.15 (Y) KgA/KgS: 0.07 0.16 0.26 (b)Discuss briefly each of the following 1- Equipments used for drying suspei 2- Drying of gases 3- Drying equipment used for production of synthetic detergents 4- Drying equipment used in cement industries 5- Stage wise L-L extraction equipments n sol mn (c) Show the relation between the film and overall transfer coefficient in gas phase Question Three (@) Derive the equation used to calculate the total time of drying of solid material. (b) A wet solid is dried from 0.4 to 0.25 Ib water/ Ib of dry material in 3 hours If the equilibrium moisture content is 0.05 and the critical moisture content is 0.2, (6points) (15 points) (2 points) G points) I- How long will it take to dry to 0.08 Ib water/ Ib of dry material under the same condition? 2+ What is the amount of air needed to dry 30 Ib wet material/hr? ( air enters dryer at 110°F and relative humidity of 20% and reaches 90% R.H adiabatically) 3-How long will it take to dry 0.03 Ib water/ Ib of dry material under the same conditions? (comment on your answer) Best wishes (6 points) Prof. Dr. Nevine Kamal AminC Alexandria University SSP Ay sisal deal Faculty of Engineering Auaaighl 4s Specialized Scientific Programs Heanadiall Zeal gal yl Sune, 2013 2013 ste [ 22. arene ore a Time slowed: Tw hows ciel: Gal I Answer all questions: 1) ) Ina catalytic flow reactor, CO and Hp are converted to CHsOH. [ (a) If 1000 kg h-t of CO is fed to the reactor, containing 1200 kg of catalyst, and 14% of CO reacts, what is the rate of methanol production per gram of catalyst? (b) If the catalyst has 55 m2 g-1 surface area, calculate the rate per m2 of catalyst, (5 marks) 2) The gaseous phase decomposition A-»B+2C is carried out in a constant volume batch reactor. Runs 1 to 5 were carried out at 100°C while run6 was carried out at 110°C. a) From the given data in the table determine the reaction order and the specific reaction rate. b) What is the activation energy of this reaction? (7 marks) Run 1 2 3 4 5 : Cao (mol/L) 0.0252 0.0133, 0.0100 0.0500 0.07750 0.0250 Halflife(min) | 4.10 7.10 9.80 1.96 13 2 3) give reason for each of the following: (8 marks) a) Heterogeneous catalysis is more attractive than homogeneous catalysis. b) It’s always almost essential to have large interfacial area in a catalytic reaction. ©) Catalysts are sometimes used in the form of supported catalysts. 4) A catalyst can be deactivated. €) It’s required to have a high TOF of a catalyst. £) Low fluid velocity is not required in a catalytic reaction. g) Plug flow reactors are used in series. h) Increasing concentration increases the rate of reaction. 4) The gaseous chemical reaction A>B+C takes place in PFR at T=325K with initial molar rate of 10 mol/s with initial concentration 0.1 mol/dm? and achieved conversion of 0.8, It is required to use instead a fluidized CSTR using the same weight of the catalyst and operating at 350K, Find the new conversion. (E-2500cal/mol), : (10 marks) 5) Put (¥) or (X) and correct the wrong sentences ifany. (10 marks) 4) The fluidized bed reactors have the disadvantage of the difficult temperature control inside the Teactor. b) For CSTRs in series, the conversion, X, after any reactor is the total number of moles that have reacted up to that point per mole of A fed to this reactor. 1/3 ere ee SS Se