BI TP CHNG HALOGEN

I. CC CNG THC CN NM
1. Cng thc tnh s mol
m = n.M

m
n
M

m
n

n: S mol ( mol )
m: Khi lng ( g)
M: Khi lng mol ( g/mol )
n

V
22,4

V = n.22,4

n: S mol ( mol )
V: Th tch cht kh ktc ( l )
2. Cng thc tnh nng
* Nng mol/l
CM

n = CM.V

n
CM

CM: Nng mol/l ( mol/l = M )

n: S mol ( mol )
V: Th tch dung dch (l)
* Nng %
C%

mct
x100%
mdd

mct

C %.mdd
100%

mdd

mct .100%
C%

C%: Nng phn trm ( % )

mct: Khi lng cht tan (g)
mdd: Khi lng dung dch (g)
3. Cng thc tnh khi lng ring
m= D.V

m
D
V

m
D

D: Khi lng ring ca dung dch ( g/ml )

m: Khi lng dung dch (g)
V: Th tch dung dch (ml)
4. Cng thc tnh t khi
dA/ B

MA
MB

M A d A / B .M B

dA/B: T khi ca kh A so vi kh B

MA: Khi lng mol kh A (g/mol)

MB: Khi lng mol kh B (g/mol)
* Ch : Mkk = 29
II. TNH THEO PHNG TRNH HA HC
1. Phng php:
- Vit phng trnh ha hc
- Tnh s mol, a s mol ln phng trnh, s dng qui tc tam sut tnh ra s mol ca cc cht khc
- T s mol tnh c trn phng trnh, p dng cng thc trn gii bi tp
2. Bi tp p dng
Cu 1: t chy nhm trong kh clo, nu thu c 13,35 gam nhm clorua. Tm khi lng nhm v th
tch kh clo cn dng.
Cu 2: 200g dung dch AgNO3 8,5% tc dng va 150ml dd HCl. Tm nng mol ca dd HCl.
Cu 3: Xc nh nng mol ca dung dch KI bit rng 200 ml dung dch tc dng ht vi kh Cl2 th
gii phng 76,2 g I2.
Cu 4: Cho 50g dd HCl tc dng dd NaHCO3 d thu c 2,24 lit kh ktc. Tm nng phn trm ca
dd HCl dng?
Cu 5: Tnh khi lng HCl b oxi ho bi MnO2, bit rng khCl2 sinh ra trong phn ng c th y
c 12,7g I2 t dung dch NaI.
Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton 6 gam CuO vo lng va 400ml dung dch HCl
a. vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
b. Tnh nng mol dd axit dng?
c. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh sau phn ng?
Cu 7: Cho 1,96 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch CuCl2
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng ?
b. Tnh nng mol dd CuCl2 dng?
c. Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi nh th tch dd khng thay ).
Cu 8: Ho tan hon ton 8 gam Fe2O3 bng dd HCl 0,5M.
a. Tnh khi lng mui thu c?
b. Tnh th tch dd axit dng?
c. Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dd sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k).
Cu 9: Ho tan hon ton 53,36 gam Fe3O4 bng dung dch HCl 0,5M.
a. Tnh khi lng mui thu c?
b. Tnh th tch dd axit dng?
c. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng
ng k).
III. BI TP HT D
1. Phng php
- Tnh s mol ca 2 cht
- Lp t l ( s mol : h s trn pt ) bit cht no ht, d
- S dng s mol ca cht ht tnh
2. Bi tp p dng
Cu 1: Trn 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M. Tm nng mol cc cht trong dd thu c.
Cu 2: Cho 500 ml dung dch HCl 1,4 M phn ng vi 16 gam CuO thu c dung dch A. Xc nh khi
lng v nng mol/lit mi cht trong dung dch A .
Cu 3: Cho 2,6g bt km vo 100 ml dung dch CuCl 2 0,75M. Lc k cho n khi phn ng kt thc. Xc
nh s mol ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c.
Cu 4: Cho 300ml mt dd c ha tan 5,85g NaCl tc dng vi 200ml dd c ha tan 34g AgNO3. Tm khi
lng kt ta thu c.
Cu 5: Nhng thanh km c khi lng 30,0g vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,1M. Phn ng kt thc, ly
thanh km ra ra nh, sy kh cn nng m (g). Tnh khi lng km tan vo dung dch v gi tr m?
Cu 6: Cho 2,24g st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Kh sinh ra cho qua ng ng 4,2g CuO c un
nng. Xc nh khi lng ca cht rn trong ng sau phn ng.

Cu 7: Cho 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8 M phn ng vi 500 ml dung dch FeCl3 0,8 M thu c dung
dch A v cht rn B. Xc nh khi lng cht rn B v nng mol/lit mi cht trong dung dch A .
Cu 8: Cho 1,96 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 10% (d=1,12g/ml).
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng ?
b. Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dung dch sau phn ng
Cu 9: Cho 69,6g MnO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d. Dn kh thot ra i vo 500ml dung dch
NaOH 4M ( nhit thng).
a. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Xc nh nng mol ca nhng cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng (th tch dd thay i
khng ng k).
IV. BI TP HN HP
1. Phng php
- Vit 2 phng trnh xy ra
- t n x, y
- Thit lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh tm x, y
2. Bi tp p dng
Cu 1: Cho 16g hn hp X gm Fe v Mg tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl th thu c 8,96 lit kh
ktc. Tnh khi lng ca Fe v Mg trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 2: Cho 0,56g hn hp A gm Mg v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl d . Sau phn ng thu c
224ml kh H2 ktc.
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng v xc nh vai tr ca tng cht trong phn ng
b. Tnh thnh phn % ca tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u
Cu 3: ha tan hon ton hn hp gm Zn v ZnO ngi ta phi dung va ht 600 ml dd HCl 1M v
thu c 0,2 mol kh H2 .
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra, cho bit phn ng no l phn ng oxh-kh.
b. Xc nh khi lng ca Zn v ZnO trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 4: Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c 1,12 l hidro (ktc)
v dd X. Cho dd X tc dng vi dd NaOH ly d. Ly kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c cht rn Y. Tm khi lng cht rn Y.
Cu 5: Ho tan 28,8 gam hn hp bt Fe2O3 v Cu bng dd HCl d (khng c oxi), n khi phn ng hon
ton cn 6,4 gam Cu khng tan. Tm khi lng Fe2O3 v Cu trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 6: Cho 14,4g hn hp X gm Cu v CuO tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch HCl 0,4M. Tnh khi
lng ca ng trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 7: Ho tan hon ton 1,36 gam hn hp CaO v CuO vo lng va 400ml dung dch HCl 0,1M
a. vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra?
b. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp?
c. Tnh khi lng cc mui to thnh sau phn ng?
Cu 8: Ho tan hon ton 8 gam hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 bng dung dch HCl 10% (d=1,1 g/ml) sau phn ng
thu c 2,24 lit H2 (ktc).
a. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp?
b. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng
ng k).
V. CHUI PHNG TRNH
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra cho cc s sau:
a. HCl Cl2 FeCl3 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl
b. KMnO4Cl2HCl FeCl3 AgCl Cl2Br2I2
c. KMnO4 Cl2 HCl FeCl2 AgCl Ag
d. HCl Cl2 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2(SO4)3
e. HCl Cl2 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Ag
f. MnO2 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl Cl2 Clorua vi

VI. BI TP TM CHT
1. Phng php: Mun tm cht cha bit phi tm c M ( khi lng mol ) ca cht .
2. Bi tp p dng:

Cu 1: Cho 4,8 gam 1 kim loi R thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thu c 4,48 lt kh
hiro (kc).
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra v tnh s mol hiro thu c.
b. Xc nh tn kim loi R.
c. Tnh khi lng mui clorua khan thu c.
Cu 2: Cho 7,8 gam kim loi nhm IA tc dng vi HCl th thy c 2,24 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Xc nh
tn kim loi.
Cu 3: Cho 2,12g mui cacbonat mt kim loi ha tr I tc dng vi dd HCl d to ra 448 ml kh ( ktc).
Tm CT ca mui.
Cu 4: X l nguyn t thuc nhm halogen. Oxit cao nht cha 38,79% X v khi lng. Tm tn X.
Cu 5: Cho 8g oxit kim loi R nhm IIA tc dng hon ton vi 800 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M..
a. Xc nh tn kim loi R.
b. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh.
Cu 6: trung ha ht 16g mt hiroxit ca mt kim loi nhm IA cn dng ht 500ml dung dch HCl
0,8M. Tm cng thc ca hiroxit trn.
Cu 7: Cho 4,8g mt kim loi A thuc nhm IIA vo 200g dung dch HCl 20% th thu c 4,48 lt kh
(ktc).
a. Xc nh tn kim loi A.
b. Tnh nng % cc cht trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng.
Cu 8: Cho 10,8g mt kim loi R nhm IIIA tc dng ht 500 ml dd HCl thu c 13,44 lit kh
(ktc).
a. Xc nh tn kim loi R.
b. Tm nng mol/l dung dch HCl cn dng.
Cu 9: Cho 1,365 g mt kim loi kim X tan ht trong dd HCl thu c dd c khi lng ln hn dd HCl
dng l 1,33 g. Tm tn X.
Cu 10: Khi cho m (g) kim loi Canxi tc dng hon ton vi 17,92 lit kh X 2 (ktc) th thu c 88,8g
mui halogenua.
a. Vit PTP dng tng qut.
b. Xc nh cng thc cht kh X2 dng.
c. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 11: ho tan hon ton 8,1g mt kim loi thuc nhm IIIA cn dng 450 ml dung dch HCl 2,0M,
thu c dung dch A v V lit kh H2 (ktc).
a. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca kim loi trn, cho bit tn ca kim loi .
b. Tnh gi tr V.
c. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch A, xem nh th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k.
Cu 12: Ha tan 4,25 g 1 mui halogen ca kim loi kim vo dd AgNO3 d thu c 14,35 g kt ta. CT
ca mui l g?