Professional Documents
Culture Documents
on Modern Transformers
28-30 October 2004, Vigo - Spain
Power Transformer
Acceptance Tests
. Ryszard Malewski, LFIEEE, FCAE
Prof. dr hab. in
Malewski Electric
Warszawa, Poland
malewski@ieee.org
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Modern Transformers
Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Prof. dr hab. inz.
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Impulse test
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
Applied impulse
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Switching impulse:
T1=1.67*T>100s
Td>200s
Tz>500s (better 1000s) IEC
Tz>1000s IEEE
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Impulse
generator
Tested transformer
Voltage divider
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Impulse
recorder
Chopping gap
Current
shunt
Equipotential ground plane
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
s
MHz
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
T(f) =
| I(f) |
| U(f) |
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
TF2
Coherence
TF1
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
Superimposed
TF
transfer functions
derived from the full
100% and reduced
50% level impulse
tests,
and
their
coherence.
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Impulse
recorder
Expanded
copper mesh
used as the
ground plane
Measuring
coaxial
cable
Expanded
copper mesh
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
U m t a
P(U, t) = 1
Ut t t
Weibull probability distribution of the uniform-field
oil-gap breakdown voltage, with the voltage
application-time as parameter. The distribution shape
coefficient m8 was determined experimentally for
uniform-field oil gaps of the spacing used in HV
transformer insulation
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
60
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
IEC
Um highest voltage
phase-to-phase for
three-phase, and phase
to ground for singlephase transformers
D=60min for Um>300kV,
or 30min for Um<300kV;
Transformers with Um<170 kV have to pass AC Short Duration test that requires
1.3Um/3 instead of 1.5Um/3, induced for 5min rather than for 60min. The short
duration (<60 s) voltage shall be close to 2Um, but no more than given in the Standard.
For higher voltage transformers (Group II) the IEEE requires 1.5Un to be induced first
for a time needed to measure PD, then a higher enhancement voltage of 1.7Un is
induced for 60 s (or less). Then 1.5Un is induced again for 60 min and PDs are
recorded. After that the test voltage is decreased and shut down.
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
fo=100kHz;band
f=10kHz
fo=250kHz; f=10kHz
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
fo=1.0MHz; f=5kHz
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
PD
monitor
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
500
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Computer-assisted PD analysis
Distributions of identified origin PDs has been stored in memory and can be
compared to the test records. Probability of finding the same PD origin is evaluated.
A computer-assisted interpretation of PD measurements indicates possible source of
PDs and assists the test personnel in their diagnose of the problem.
PD ORIGIN PROBABILITY %
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Modern Transformers
UHF signals
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
= U + I +
2
and
P
tg
99.995.
Then P / tg 100 Rad 0.343 min
It is rather difficult to achieve so small angular uncertainty in a loss measuring circuit
composed of magnetic voltage and current transformers, and an electro-dynamic
wattmeter.
To comply to the requirement of the overall angular uncertainty smaller than 100 Rad
the compressed-gas capacitor with an active low-voltage part, and zero-flux current
transformer are employed to reduce the measured high-voltage and heavy-current to
the wattmeter input level, and a time-division-multiplier wattmeter is used.
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
107%
100%
Sub-harmonic
resonance
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Reference data
for subsequent diagnostic procedures in service
HV winding
Hydrogen
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Methane
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
Ethane
Ethylene
Acethylene
Autotransformer 160 MVA, 230/115kV,
Common open (Bp-N) and shorted (Ap-N, Cp-N)
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
HV2
HV 1
Test
circuit
HV-LV
HV-LV
Phase
Leakage
Impedance,
Ohm
Name
Inplate service
35.3
35.39
Np S
%
0.25
35.08
35.39
0.62
0.25
36.23
2.63
35.08
35.33
0.62
0.08
35.3
LV
In service measurements of leakage impedance reveal a
change with respect to the original measurements and that
indicates a winding displacement
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
Vr(V)
Zawarto wody %
4%
2%
100
1%
0.5%
10
Temperatura=38C
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
0.2
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
20
200
T(s)
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04
ARWtr 2004 Lecture: POWER TRANSFORMER ACCEPTANCE TEST by Prof. Dr. Hab. Inz.Ryszard Malewski
ARWtr 2004
Modern Transformers
http://webs.uvigo.es/arwtr04