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LI NI U
Cc em hc sinh thn mn!
Thy vit cun sch ny nhm gip hc tr n tp, cng c kin thc v vn dng thnh tho phng
php t duy sng to, lm tt cc bi tp ha hu c 12 t c bn n nng cao.
Cun sch gm 2 tp :
- Tp 1 :
Chuyn 1 : Este v cht bo;
Chuyn 2 : Cacbohirat.
- Tp 2 :
Chuyn 3 : Amin Amino axit Peptit;
Chuyn 4 : Polime v vt liu polime;
Chuyn 5 : Kim tra nh gi kt qu hc tp
cc chuyn 1 4, mi chuyn u c cu trc nh sau :
- A. H thng cu hi cng c kin thc v hng dn gii.
- B. H thng cu hi trc nghim v hng dn gii.
- C. Phn dng bi tp v v d minh ha.
- D. H thng bi tp vn dng v hng dn gii.
cc phn B, C, D, ni dung kin thc u c sp xp theo 4 mc pht trin nng lc ca hc
sinh : Nhn bit, thng hiu, vn dng v vn dng cao.
Cun sch s gip cc em pht huy ti a nng lc ca bn thn nu bit cch s dng n. ng nng
vi tm hiu ngay phn C v D, hy tm hiu mt cch tun t t A n D v cm nhn s tin b ca
mnh.
i vi hc tr thi vo cc trng i hc tp u (i hc Y, Dc; Bch Khoa, Ngoi Thng,
Kinh t Quc dn,..), cc em nn c gng hon thnh cc bi tp * v bi tp dnh im 9, 10, mc d
iu khng h d dng cht no.
Chc cc em gt hi c nhiu thnh cng!
Trong qu trnh bin son, mc d lm vic rt nghim tc v khoa hc, nhng sai st l iu kh
trnh khi. Thy rt mong nhn c nhng phn hi, gp ca cc hc tr kp thi sa cha, b
sung, lm cho cun sch ngy cng hon thin hn. kin ng gp ca cc em xin gi v a ch :
nguyenminhtuanchv@gmail.com hoc
https://www.facebook.com/nguyen.minhtuan.1650
Trn trng cm n !
Tc gi
Thy Nguyn Minh Tun
Trng THPT chuyn Hng Vng, tnh Ph Th
Mc lc
Chuyn 1 : Este v cht bo
A. H thng cu hi cng c kin thc
B. H thng cu hi trc nghim - p n v hng dn gii
C. Phn dng bi tp v v d minh ha
I. Thy phn este n chc
1. Nhng vn l thuyt cn lu
2. Phng php gii bi tp
3. Phn dng bi tp v v d minh ha
a. Dng 1 : Tnh lng cht trong phn ng
i vi este ca ancol
i vi este ca ankin v phenol
b. Dng 2 : Xc nh cng thc ca mt este
i vi este ca ancol
c. Dng 3 : Xc nh cng thc ca este trong hn hp
i vi este ca ancol
II. Thy phn este a chc
b. Dng 2 : Xc nh cng thc ca este, cht bo
III. Ch s ca cht bo
a. Dng 1 : Tnh ch s ca cht bo
b. Dng 2 : Tnh lng cht trong phn ng
c. Dng 3 : Tm cng thc ca cht bo
IV. t chy este v cht bo
b. Dng 2 : Xc nh cng thc ca este
Dng 2.1 : Xc nh cng thc ca mt este
Dng 2.2 : Xc nh cng thc ca hai hay nhiu este
V. iu ch este
3. V d minh ha
VI. Tng hp kin thc v hp cht cha C, H, O
VII. Bi tp hay v kh dnh im 9, 10
D. H thng bi tp vn dng - p n v hng dn gii
Chuyn 2 : Cacbohirat (80 trang)

A. H thng cu hi cng c kin thc
B. H thng cu hi trc nghim - p n v hng dn gii
C. Phn dng bi tp v v d minh ha
a. Dng 1 : Phn ng trng gng
b. Dng 2 : Phn ng cng H2
c. Dng 3 : Phn ng ln men

d. Dng 4 : Phn ng iu ch xenluloz nitrat
e. Dng 5 : Tng hp kin thc v cacbohirat
D. H thng bi tp vn dng - p n v hng dn gii
CHUYN 1 :
ESTE V CHT BO
A. H THNG CU HI CNG C KIN THC

Cu 1 : Vit ng phn ca este mch h, c cng thc phn t l :
a) C2H4O2, C3H6O2, C4H8O2, C5H10O2.
b) C3H4O2, C4H6O2, C5H8O2.
c) C4H6O4, C5H8O4. Cc este u c to thnh t axit v ancol.
Cu 2 : Vit ng phn este cha vng benzen, mch h khi thy phn khng to ra ancol mch vng, c cng
thc phn t ln lt l C7H6O2, C8H8O2, C9H8O2.
Cu 3 : Xy dng cng thc phn t tng qut ca este. T suy ra cng thc phn t tng qut ca este no, n
chc, mch h; este n chc, khng no, c 1 lin kt C=C, mch h; este to bi axit no, n chc, mch h v
ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ancol benzylic; axit no, hai chc, mch h v ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ancol
anlylic.
Cu 4 : Hon thnh thng tin cn thiu trong cc bng sau :
Cng thc
ca ancol
Tn thng
Bng 1
Cng thc
ca gc
hirocacbon
Tn gc
hirocacbon
CH3OH
C2H5OH
CH3CH2CH2OH
(CH3)2CHOH
CH3(CH2)3OH
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
ancol
sec-butylic
ancol
tert-butylic
ancol
iso-amylic
ancol anlylic
ancol benzylic
etylen glicol
glixerol
vinyl
phenyl
Cng thc
axit cacboxylic
HCOOH
Tn thng
Bng 2
Cng thc
Ca gc axit
Tn gc axit
CH3COOH
C2H5COOH
CH3CH2CH2COOH
(CH3)2CHCOOH
CH3(CH2)3COOH
axit iso-valeric
axit caproic
axit acrylic
axit metacrylic
axit benzoic
axit terephtalic
axit oxalic
HOOCCH2COOH
HOOC(CH2)4COOH
C15H31COOH
C17H35COOH
C17H33COOH
C17H31COOH
Cng thc este

RCOOR'
Bng 3
Tn gi (danh php)
= tn gc R'+tn gc axit RCOO
HCOOCH3
CH3COOCH3
HCOOC6H5
CH2=CHCOOCH3
CH3CH2COOCH3
CH2=CHOOCCH3
CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2
vinyl benzoat
anlyl isobutirat
etyl isovalerat (c mi to chn)
benzyl acrylat
isoamyl valerat
secbutyl axetat
phenyl metacrylat
etyl acrylat
vinyl acrylat
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2COOC2H5
HCOOCH2C6H5
C6H5OOCCH3
HCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2
C2H5OOC-COOC2H5
CH3OOCCH2COOCH3
CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3
(C17H35COO)3C3H5
C3H5(OOC15H31)3
trilinolein (trioleoyl glixerol)
triolein (trilinoleoyl glixerol)
Cu 5 : in t hoc cm t vo ch trng :
Gia cc phn t este khng c ...(1)... v th este c nhit si thp hn so vi axit v ancol c cng s
nguyn t C.
Cc etse thng l nhng cht ...(2)..., c kh nng ha tan c nhiu cht hu c khc nhau. Nhng este c
khi lng phn t rt ln ...(3)... (nh m ng vt, sp ong). Cc este thng c ...(4)..., chng hn isoamyl
axetat c mi ...(5)..., etyl butirat c ...(6)..., etyl isovalerat (7) c
Cc triglixerit cha ch yu cc ... (8)... thng l cht rn nhit phng, chng hn nh ...(9)... (m b, m
cu,). Cc triglixerit cha ch yu cc ... (10)... thng l cht lng nhit phng v c gi l du. N
thng c ngun gc ...(11) ... (du lc, du vng,) hoc t ng vt mu lnh (du c).
Cht bo ...(12)..., tan trong cc dung mi hu c nh : ...(13) ...
Cu 6 : Hon thnh cc phn ng sau :
a) Cho cc cht : etyl axetat, metyl fomat, isoamyl axetat, isopropyl propionat, benzyl axetat, metyl metacrylat, etyl
butirat, anlyl benzoat, ietyl oxalat, triolein, tristearoyl glixerol phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng.
b) Cho cc cht : vinyl axetat, vinyl acrylat, CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2, HCOOC6H5, CH3COOC6H4CH3,
CH3COOC6H4OH tc dng vi dung dch KOH d, un nng.
c) Cho cc cht : vinyl axetat, vinyl acrylat, anlyl propionat, metyl metacrylat, CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2, metyl fomat
phn ng vi dung dch nc Br2.
d) Trng hp metyl metacrylat, vinyl axetat.
e) Trong s cc cht etyl axetat, etyl fomat, benzyl fomat, phenyl fomat, anlyl benzoat c my cht c th tham gia
phn ng trng gng? V sao?
Cu 7 : Vit phng trnh phn ng t chy este dng tng qut. T tm mi lin h gia s mol este vi s
mol CO2 v H2O; s mol este vi s mol CO2 v O2.
Este c kh nng ha tan tt cc cht ...(1)..., k c hp cht cao phn t, nn c dng lm dung mi (v d:
butyl v amyl axetat c dng pha sn tng hp)
Poli(metyl acrylat) v poli(metyl metacrylat) dng lm ...(2)... . Poli(vinyl axetat) dng lm ...(3)..., hoc thy
phn thnh poli(vinyl ancol) dng lm keo dn. Mt s este ca axit phtalic c dng lm cht ...(4)... , lm
...(5)... .
Mt s este c ...(6)... ca hoa qu c dng trong cng nghip thc phm (bnh ko, nc gii kht) v m
phm (x phng, nc hoa,)
Trong cng nghip, mt lng ln cht bo dng iu ch ...(7)... v ch bin thc phm. Ngy nay, ngi ta
s dng mt s du thc vt lm nhin liu cho ng c iezen.
Glixerol c dng trong sn sut ...(8)... , Ngoi ra, cht bo cn c dng trong sn xut mt s thc
phm khc nh ...(9)... ,
Hng dn gii
Cu 1 :
C2H4O2
HCOOCH3
C3H6O2
HCOOC2H5
CH3COOCH3
C4H8O2
HCOOCH2CH2CH3
HCOOCH(CH3)2
CH3COOC2H5
C2H5COOCH3
C5H10O2
HCOOCH2CH2CH2CH3
HCOOCH2CH(CH3)2
HCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3
HCOOC(CH3)3
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
CH3COOCH(CH3)2
C2H5COOC2H5
CH3CH2CH2COOCH3
(CH3)2COOCH3
C3H4O2
HCOOCH=CH2
C4H6O2
HCOO
HCOO
HCOOCH2CH=CH2
H
CH3
C
C
H
cis
CH2CH3
C
CH3COOCH=CH2
C5H8O2
HCOO
CH2=CHCOOCH3
HCOOCH2
H
C
cis
H
CH3
CH2CH3
C
H
trans
HCOOCH2
C
CH3
trans
HCOOC(CH3)=CH2
HCOO
cis
HCOOC(CH3)CH=CH2
HCOOCH=C(CH3)CH3
CH3COO
CH3COO
CH3
trans
HCOOCH2CH2CH=CH2
CH3
C
H
trans
CH3COOCH2CH=CH2
CH3
CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2
H
cis
C2H5COOCH=CH2
CH2=CHCOOC2H5
CH3
CH3
COOCH3
cis
CH2=CHCH2COOCH3
C
COOCH3
trans
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
C4H6O4
HCOOCH2-CH2OOCH
CH3OOC-COOCH3
C5H8O4
CH3COOCH2CH2OOCH
HCOOCH2CHOHCH2OOCH
HOCH2CH(OOCH)CH2OOCH
CH3OOC-COOC2H5
CH3OOCCH2COOCH3
Cu 2 :
C7H6O2
HCOO
C8H8O2
CH3
HCOO
HCOO
CH3
CH3
HCOO
HCOOCH 2
CH3COO
COOCH3
C9H8O2
CH
CH2
CH2
CH
HCOO
HCOO
C6H5
HCOO
HCOO
CH2
CH
C
H
H
H
HCOO
C
CH2
C6H5
H
CH2
HCOOC
CHCOO
COOCH
CH2
Cu 3 : Gi s este c cng thc phn t tng qut l CxHyOz (*).

2x y 2
y 2x 2 2k
2
Vy cng thc (*) c dng CxH2x+2-2kOz (k l tng s lin kt trong chc este v gc hirocacbon).
Ta c : k
i vi trng hp este no, n chc, mch h th k = 1 (1 lin kt trong chc -COO-), z = 2. Suy ra cng thc
ca n c dng CxH2xO2 (x 2).
i vi trng hp este n chc, khng no, c 1 lin kt C=C, mch h th k = 2 (gm 1 lin kt trong chc COO- v 1 lin kt trong gc hirocacbon), z = 2. Suy ra cng thc ca n c dng CxH2x-2O2 (x 3).
i vi este to bi axit no, n chc, mch h v ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ancol benzylic th k = 5, z = 2.
Suy ra cng thc ca n c dng CxH2x-8O2 (x 8).
i vi axit no, hai chc, mch h v ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ancol anlylic th k = 4 (gm 2 lin kt
hai chc este v 2 lin kt hai gc anlyl), z = 4 (v c 2 chc -COO-). Suy ra cng thc ca n c dng CxH2x6O2 (x 8).
Cu 4 :
Cng thc
ca ancol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
CH3CH2CH2OH
(CH3)2CHOH
CH3(CH2)3OH
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
CH3CHOHCH2CH3
(CH3)3COH
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
CH2=CHCH2OH
C6H5CH2OH
CH2OHCH2OH
CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
Tn thng
ancol metylic
ancol etylic
ancol
n-propylic
ancol
iso-propylic
ancol
n-butylic
ancol
iso-butylic
ancol
sec-butylic
ancol
tert-butylic
ancol
iso-amylic
ancol anlylic
ancol benzylic
etylen glicol
glixerol
Bng 1
Cng thc
ca gc
hirocacbon
CH3C2H5CH3CH2CH2-
metyl
etyl
n-propyl
(CH3)2CH-
iso-propyl
CH3CH2CH2CH2-
n-butyl
(CH3)2CHCH2-
iso-butyl
CH3CHCH2CH3
sec-butyl
(CH3)3C-
tert-butyl
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2- iso-amyl
(iso-pentyl)
CH2=CHCH2anlyl
C6H5CH2benzyl
-CH2CH2-CH2CHCH2CH2=CHC6H5-
Cng thc
axit cacboxylic
HCOOH
CH3COOH
C2H5COOH
CH3CH2CH2COOH
10
Tn thng
axit fomic
axit axetic
axit propionic
axit butiric
Tn gc
hirocacbon
Bng 2
Cng thc
ca gc axit
HCOOCH3COOC2H5COOCH3CH2CH2COO-
vinyl
phenyl
Tn gc axit
fomat
axetat
propionat
butirat
(CH3)2CHCOOH
CH3(CH2)3COOH
(CH3)2CHCH2COOH
CH3(CH2)4COOH
CH2=CHCOOH
CH2=C(CH3)COOH
C6H5COOH
p-HOOCC6H4COOH
HOOC-COOH
HOOCCH2COOH
HOOC(CH2)4COOH
C15H31COOH
C17H35COOH
C17H33COOH
C17H31COOH
axit iso-butiric
axit valeric
axit iso-valeric
axit caproic
axit acrylic
axit metacrylic
axit benzoic
axit terephtalic
axit oxalic
axit malonic
axit aipic
axit panmitic
axit stearic
axit oleic
axit linoleic
Cng thc este

RCOOR'
HCOOCH3
CH3COOCH3
HCOOC6H5
CH2=CHCOOCH3
CH3CH2COOCH3
CH2=CHOOCCH3
CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2
C6H5COOCH=CH2
(CH3)2CH2COOCH2CH=CH2
(CH3)2CHCH2COOC2H5
CH2=CHCOOCH2C6H5
CH3CH2CH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH3
C6H5OOCC(CH3)=CH2
C2H5OCOCH=CH2
CH2=CHCOOCH=CH2
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2COOC2H5
HCOOCH2C6H5
C6H5OOCCH3
HCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2
C2H5OOC-COOC2H5
CH3OOCCH2COOCH3
CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3
(CH3)2CHCOOCH3(CH2)3COO(CH3)2CHCH2COOCH3(CH2)4COOCH2=CHCOOCH2=C(CH3)COOC6H5COO-OOCC6H4COO-OOC-COO-OOCCH2COO-OOC(CH2)4COOC15H31COOC17H35COOC17H33COOC17H31COO-
iso-butirat
valerat
iso-valerat
caproat
acrylat
metacrylat
benzoat
terephtalat
oxalat
malonat
aipat
panmitat
stearat
oleat
linoleat
Bng 3
Tn gi (danh php)
= tn gc R'+tn gc axit RCOO
metyl fomat
metyl axetat
phenyl fomat
metyl acrylat
metyl propionat
vinyl axetat
isoamyl axetat (c mi chui chn)
vinyl benzoat
anlyl isobutirat
etyl isovalerat (c mi to chn)
benzyl acrylat
isoamyl valerat
secbutyl axetat
phenyl metacrylat
etyl acrylat
vinyl acrylat
metyl metacrylat
anlyl metacrylat
etyl butyrat (c mi da chn)
benzyl fomat
benzyl axetat (c mi hoa nhi)
isoamyl fomat
ietyl oxalat
imetyl malonat
etylen glycol iaxetat
11
(C17H35COO)3C3H5
tristearin (tristearoyl glixerol)
C3H5(OOC15H31)3
tripanmitin (tripanmitoyl glixerol)
C3H5(OOC17H31)3
trilinolein (trioleoyl glixerol)
C3H5(OOC17H33)3
triolein (trilinoleoyl glixerol)
(1) : lin kt hiro
(2) : lng, nh hn nc, rt t tan trong nc
(3) : c th trng thi rn
(4) : mi thm d chu
(5) : chui chn
(6) : mi da
(7) : mi to
(8) : gc axit bo no
(9) : m ng vt
(10) : gc axit bo khng no
(11) thc vt
(12) : nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc
(13) : benzen, xng, ete
Cu 6:
a)
o
t
CH3 COOC2 H5 NaOH
CH 3COONa C2 H5 OH
o
t
HCOOCH3 NaOH
HCOONa CH 3OH
o
t
CH3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH(CH3 )2 NaOH
CH3 COONa (CH3 )2 CHCH 2 CH 2 OH
o
t
C 2 H5 COOCH(CH3 )2 NaOH
C2 H 5COONa (CH 3 )2 CHOH
o
t
CH3 COOCH 2 C 6 H5 NaOH
CH3 COONa C6 H5 CH 2 OH
o
t
CH 2 C(CH3 )COOCH3 NaOH
CH2 C(CH 3 )COONa CH3 OH
o
t
CH3 CH 2 CH 2 COOC 2 H 5 NaOH
CH3 CH 2 CH2 COONa C2 H5 OH
o
t
C6 H5 COOCH 2 CH CH 2 NaOH
C6 H5 COO CH 2 CHCH2 OH
o
t
C2 H5 OOC COOC2 H5 2NaOH
NaOOOC COONa 2C2 H 5OH
o
t
C3 H 5 (OH)3 3C17 H33 COONa
C3 H5 (OOCC17 H33 )3 3NaOH
o
t
C3 H5 (OOCC17 H35 )3 NaOH
C3 H 5 (OH)3 3C17 H35COONa
b)
PS :
- Phenol c tnh axit, v th trong mi trng kim n chuyn thnh mui.
C6 H 6 OH NaOH
C 6 H 6 ONa H 2 O
- Cc hp cht ...-CH=CH-OH hoc ...-CH=C(CH3)-OH u khng bn. Nu trong phn ng thy phn este sinh
ra cc sn phm ny th chng s chuyn thnh cc cht khc bn hn.
12
CH
OH
anehit hoac xeton

o
t
CH3 COOCH CH 2 KOH
CH 3 COOK CH3 CHO
o
t
CH 2 CHCOOK CH 3 CHO
CH 2 CHCOOCH CH 2 KOH
o
t
CH3 COOK (CH 3 )2 CO
CH3 COOC(CH 3 ) CH 2 KOH
o
t
HCOOK C 6 H 5 OK H 2 O
HCOOC6 H 5 2KOH
o
t
CH 3COOK CH 3 C6 H 4 ONa H 2 O
CH3 COOC6 H 4 CH 3 2KOH
o
t
CH3 COOC6 H 4 OH 3KOH
CH 3 COOK NaOC6 H 4 ONa 2H 2 O
c)
CH3 COOCH CH 2 Br2
CH 3 COOCHBr CH 2 Br
CH 2 Br CHBrCOOCHBr CH 2 Br
CH 2 CHCOOCH CH 2 Br2
C2 H 5 COOCH 2 CHBr CH 2 Br
C2 H 5COOCH2 CH CH 2 Br2
CH 2 Br CBr(CH 3 )COOCH 3
CH 2 C(CH3 )COOCH3 Br2
CH3 COOCBr(CH3 ) CH 2 Br
CH3 COOC(CH 3 ) CH 2 Br2
HCOOCH3 Br2 H 2 O
CH 3OCOOH 2HBr
d)
COOCH3
n CH2
to, p, xt
COOCH3
CH2
C
n
CH3
n CH2
CH3
to, xt, p
CH
CH2
OOCCH3
CH
OOCCH3 n
e) C 3 cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng, l etyl fomat, benzyl fomat, phenyl fomat. Cc cht
ny u c gc HCOO-, c nhm -CHO.
S phn ng :
o
AgNO 3/NH3, t
ONH4
2Ag
Cu 7 :
3n 1 k x
to
O2
nCO2 (n 1 k)H 2 O
2
Suy ra : (k 1)n C H
n CO n H O ; 0,5(k 1 x)n C H
O
Cn H 2n 2 2k Ox
Cu 8 :
(1) : hu c
(3) : cht do
(5) : dc phm
2 n 2 2 k
2 n 2 2 k O x
1,5nCO n O
2
(2) : thy tinh hu c

(4) : ha do
(6) : mi thm
13
(7) : x phng, glixerol

(8) : cht do, m phm, thuc n
(9) : m si, hp
B. H THNG CU HI TRC NGHIM
1. Mc nhn bit
Cu 1: Etyl axetat khng tc dng vi
A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng).
B. H2 (xc tc Ni, nung nng).
C. dung dch Ba(OH)2 (un nng).
D. O2, to.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT chuyn i hc Vinh, nm 2015)
Cu 2: Este no sau c iu ch trc tip t axit v ancol ?
A. vinyl fomat.
B. etyl axetat.
C. phenyl axetat.
D. vinyl axetat.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT chuyn Bin Ha H Nam, nm 2015)
Cu 3: Este X khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 2 mui l natri phenolat v natri propionat. X c cng
thc l
A. C6H5-OOC-CH3.
B. C6H5-COO-CH2-CH3.
C. CH3-CH2-COO-C6H5.
D. CH3-COO-C6H5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn Bn Tre, nm 2015)
Cu 4: Tripanmitin c cng thc l
A. (C17H31COO)3C3H5.
B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
C. (C15H31COO)3C3H5.
D. (C17H33COO)3C3H5.
Cu 5: Etyl fomat l cht mi thm, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm, c
phn t khi l:
A. 88.
B. 74. C. 60. D. 68.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn Bo Lc Lm ng, nm 2015)
Cu 6: Cht no sau y khng c phn ng trng bc:
A. C2H2.
B. CH3CH=O. C. HCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH=CH2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT Lng 1 Ngh An, nm 2015)
Cu 7: Trong cng nghip, mt lng ln cht bo dng sn xut
A. glucoz v glixerol.
B. x phng v ancol etylic.
C. glucoz v ancol etylic.
D. x phng v glixerol.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Din Chu 5 Ngh An, nm 2015)
Cu 8: Khi x phng ha tripanmitin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C17H35COOH v glixerol.
B. C15H31COONa v etanol.
C. C17H35COONa v glixerol.
D. C15H31COOH v glixerol.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Qunh Lu 1 Ngh An, nm 2015)

Cu 9: Cht no sau y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra glixerol?
A. Triolein.
B. Metyl axetat. C. Glucoz.
D. Saccaroz.
Cu 10: Khi x phng ho tristearin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C17H35COOH v glixerol.
B. C15H31COONa v glixerol.
C. C15H31COOH v glixerol.
D. C17H35COONa v glixerol.
Cu 11: Axit no sau y l axit bo?
A. Axit aipic.
B. Axit axetic.
C. Axit glutamic. D. Axit stearic.
Cu 12: Phn ng gia C2H5OH vi CH3COOH l phn ng
A. trng hp.
B. este ha.
C. x phng ha. D. trng ngng.
14
Cu 13: Cht X c cng thc cu to CH2=CH COOCH3. Tn gi ca X l

A. propyl fomat.
B. metyl axetat. C. metyl acrylat. D. etyl axetat.
Cu 14: iu kin thch hp, hai cht phn ng vi nhau to thnh metyl fomat l
B. HCOOH v CH3OH.
A. CH3COONa v CH3OH.
C. HCOOH v C2H5NH2.
D. HCOOH v NaOH.
Cu 15: Monome dng iu ch thy tinh hu c l :
B. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3.
A. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. CH2=CHCOOC2H5.
D. CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5.
Cu 16: Cng thc ca triolein l :
A. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5.
B. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]5COO)3C3H5.
C. (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5.
D. (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5.
Cu 17: Este no sau y c cng thc phn t C 4 H8 O 2 ?
A. Propyl axetat.
B. Vinyl axetat. C. Phenyl axetat. D. Etyl axetat.
Cu 18: Cht khng phi l cht bo l
A. axit axetic.
B. tripanmitin.
C. triolein.
D. tristearin.
Cu 19: Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi
A. ancol etylic. B. ancol metylic.
C. etylen glicol. D. glixerol.
(K thi THPT Quc Gia ln nm 2015)
Cu 20: Este no, n chc, mch h c cng thc phn t tng qut l
A. CnH2n+2O2 (n 2). B. CnH2nO2 (n 1).
C. CnH2nO2 (n 2).
D. CnH2nO (n 2).
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Yn Vin H Ni, nm 2015)
Cu 21: Este X c cng thc cu to thu gn CH3COOCH2CH2CH3. Vy tn gi ca X l
A. metyl butirat.
B. n-propyl axetat.
C. etyl propionat.
D. isopropyl axetat.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Cu 22: Este CH3CH2CH2COOC2H5 c tn gi l
A. etyl butirat.
B. etyl butiric.
C. etyl propanoat.
D. etyl butanoat.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Vit Yn Bc Giang, nm 2015)
Cu 23: un nng este CH3COOC2H5 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l
B. HCOONa v C2H5OH.
A. CH3COONa v CH3OH.
C. C2H5COONa v CH3OH.
D. CH3COONa v C2H5OH.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Phan Thc Trc Ngh An, nm 2015)
Cu 24: Etyl axetat c cng thc l
A. CH3COOCH3.
B. CH3CH2COOCH3.
C. CH3COOC2H5.
D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT inh Chng Dng Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Cu 25: Cht X c cng thc cu to thu gn HCOOCH3. Tn gi ca X l:
A. etyl fomat.
B. metyl fomat.
C. metyl axetat.
D. etyl axetat.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia S GD & T Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
15
Cu 26: T khi hi ca mt este no, n chc X so vi hiro l 30. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
B. C5H10O2.
C. C4H8O2.
D. C2H4O2.
A. C3H6O2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia S GD & T Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Cu 27: Cc este thng c mi thm d chu: isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn, etyl butirat c mi da chn, etyl
isovalerat c mi to,Este c mi chui chn c cng thc cu to thu gn l:
A. CH3COOCH2CH(CH3)2.
B. CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2.
C. CH3COOCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3.D. CH3COOCH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3.
Cu 28: Axit cacboxylic no di y l axit n chc
A. Axit aipic.
B. Axit terephtalic.
C. Axit oleic.
D. Axit oxalic.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Thanh Chng 1 Ngh An, nm 2015)
Cu 29: Thu phn C2H5COOCH=CH2 trong mi trng axit to thnh nhng sn phm l
A. C2H5COOH; HCHO.
B. C2H5COOH; C2H5OH.
C. C2H5COOH; CH3CHO.
D. C2H5COOH; CH2=CH-OH.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Nguyn Thi Hc Gia Lai, nm 2015)
Cu 30: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to nh sau: CH3COOCH3. Tn gi ng ca X l
A. etyl axetat.
B. metyl axetat.
C. imetyl axetat.
D. axeton.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT ng u Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Cu 31: Trong cc hp cht sau, hp cht no l cht bo?
A. (C2H3COO)3C3H5. B. (C17H31COO)3C3H5.
C. (C2H5COO)3C3H5. D. (C6H5COO)3C3H5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Qung Xng 3 Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Cu 32: Tripanmitin c cng thc l
A. (C17H31COO)3C3H5. B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
C. (C15H31COO)3C3H5. D. (C17H33COO)3C3H5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT on Thng Hi Dng, nm 2015)
Cu 33: Tn gi no sai
A. phenyl fomat : HCOOC6H5.
B. vinyl axetat : CH2=CH-COOCH3.
C. metyl propionat : C2H5COOCH3.
D. etyl axetat : CH3COOCH2CH3.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu ng Thp, nm 2015)
2. Mc thng hiu
Cu 34: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2, khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha thu c mt anehit v
mt mui ca axit cacboxylic. S ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn ca X l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT chuyn L T Trng Cn Th, nm 2015)
Cu 35: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch KOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi dung
dch KHCO3. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic.
B. vinyl axetat. C. anilin.
D. etyl axetat.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn Bo Lc Lm ng, nm 2015)
Cu 36: Cng thc chung ca este to bi ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ancol etylic v axit thuc dy ng ng
ca axit axetic l cng thc no sau y ?
A. CnH2nO2 (n 2). B. CnH2n-2O2 (n 2)
C. CnH2n-4O2 (n 3) D. CnH2n+2O2 (n 3).
16
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Hi Lng Qung Tr, nm 2015)

Cu 37: Cho s phn ng:
o
NaOH, t
X
HCOONa CH3 CHO Y
H SO
2
4
Y
Z Na2 SO 4
H SO ac, t o
2
4
Z
CH 2 CH COOH H 2 O
S cng thc cu to ca X ph hp s trn l

A. 1.B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Th X Qung Tr, nm 2015)
Cu 38: Hp cht hu c X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c
cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho T
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. X l
A. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. HCOOCH3.
D. HCOOCH=CH2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Th X Qung Tr, nm 2015)
Cu 39: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Vinyl axetat khng lm mt mu dung dch brom.
B. Ancol etylic khng to lin kt hiro vi nc.
C. Este iso - amyl axetat c mi da chn.
D. Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng, khng ha tan trong nc, nhng ha tan trong cc
dung mi hu c khng phn cc.
Cu 40: Cht hu c n chc, mch h X (C5H8O2) c cc tnh cht sau:
(1) Tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng c vi Na.
(2) Khng tham gia c phn ng trng gng.
S cng thc cu to ca X trong trng hp ny l
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 8.
Cu 41: Cht no sau y khi thy phn to cc cht u c phn ng trng gng?
A. HCOOCH=CH2.
B. HCOOCH3.
C. CH3COOCH3.
D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
Cu 42: Cht no sau y tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:3?
A. CH3COOC2H5.
B. C2H4(OOCCH3)2.
C. C6H5OOCCH3.
D. CH3OOC-COOC6H5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Phan Bi Chu, nm 2015)
Cu 43: t chy hon ton este X thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Vy X l
A. este n chc, no, mch h.
B. este n chc, c 1 vng no.
C. este n chc, mch h, c mt ni i.
D. este hai chc no, mch h.
Cu 44: Cng thc phn t tng qut ca este to bi ancol no, n chc, mch h v axit cacboxylic khng no, c
mt lin kt i C=C, n chc, mch h l
A. CnH2n-2O2.
B. CnH2n+1O2.
C. CnH2nO2.
D. CnH2n+2O2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn H Giang, nm 2015)
Cu 45: Cng thc tng qut ca este sinh bi axit n chc no, mch h v ancol thuc dy ng ng ca ancol
benzylic l:
A. CnH2n-8O2 (n 7). B. CnH2n-8O2 (n 8).
17
C. CnH2n-4 O2.
D. CnH2n-6O2.
Cu 46: Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Trong cng nghip c th chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn.
B. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn.
C. Sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho cht bo l axit bo v glixerol.
D. Nhit si ca este thp hn hn so vi ancol c cng phn t khi.
Cu 47: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch KOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y
v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho T tc dng vi
dung dch KOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l:
A. HCOOCH=CH2.
B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
D. HCOOCH3.
C. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3.
Cu 48: Cng thc tng qut ca este thun chc to bi ancol no hai chc v axit khng no c mt ni i n
chc l
A. CnH2n6O4.
B. CnH2n2O4.
C. CnH2n4O4.
D. CnH2n8O4.
Cu 49: Thy phn este X trong mi trng axit, thu c hai cht hu c Y v Z. T Y c th chuyn ha thnh
Z bng mt phn ng. Cht X khng th l
A. etyl axetat.
B. metyl axetat.
C. isopropyl propionat.
D. vinyl axetat.
A. Axit bo l nhng axit cacboxylic a chc.
B. Este isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn.
C. Ancol etylic tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH.
D. Etylen glicol l ancol no, n chc, mch h.
Cu 51: S hp cht l ng phn cu to, c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2, tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH
nhng khng tc dng c vi Na l :
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 52: Thy phn trieste ca glixerol thu c glixerol, natri oleat, natri stearat. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to
ph hp vi trieste ny ?
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 4.
Cu 53: Khi x phng ha triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c sn phm gm glixerol,
natri oleat, natri stearat v natri panmitat. S ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn ca X l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
( thi tuyn sinh Cao ng nm 2013)
Cu 54: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to
ra ti a l :
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B nm 2007)
Cu 55: S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol, axit CH3COOH v axit C2H5COOH l
A. 9.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 2.
Cu 56: C cc nhn nh sau : (1) Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v ancol; (2) Este l hp
cht hu c trong phn t c nhm COO ; (3) Este no, n chc, mch h c cng thc phn t CnH2nO2, vi n
2; (4) Hp cht CH3COOC2H5 thuc loi este. Cc nhn nh ng l :
A. (1), (2), (4).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3), (4).
D. (1), (3), (4).
Cu 57: Este no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng khng to ra hai mui?
A. C6H5COOC6H5 (phenyl benzoat).
B. CH3COO[CH2]2OOCCH2CH3.
C. CH3OOCCOOCH3.
D. CH3COOC6H5 (phenyl axetat).
18
Cu 58: S ng phn axit v este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l

A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 6.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Vnh Bo Hi Phng, nm hc 2013 2014)
Cu 59: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 l
A. 3
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4
( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A nm 2010)
Cu 60: Mt hn hp gm 2 este u n chc. Ly hai este ny phn ng vi dung dch NaOH un nng th thu
c mt anehit no mch h v 2 mui hu c, trong c 1 mui c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng.
Cng thc cu to ca 2 este c th l
A. CH3COOCH=CH2; CH3COOC6H5. B. HCOOCH=CHCH3; HCOOC6H5.
D. HCOOC2H5; CH3COOC2H5.
C. HCOOC2H5; CH3COOC6H5.
Cu 61: Cho cc cht sau:
(1) CH3-CO-O-C2H5
(4) CH2=C(CH3)-O-CO-CH3
(2) CH2=CH-CO-O-CH3
(5) C6H5O-CO-CH3
(3) C6H5-CO-O-CH=CH2
(6) CH3-CO-O-CH2-C6H5.
Hy cho bit cht no khi cho tc dng vi NaOH un nng khng thu c ancol ?
A. (1) (3) (4) (6).
B. (3) (4) (5).
C. (1) (2) (3) (4). D. (3) (4) (5) (6).
Cu 62: Pht biu no sau y sai ?
A. Trong cng nghip c th chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn.
B. Sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho cht bo l axit bo v glixerol.
C. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn.
D. Nhit si ca este thp hn hn so vi ancol c cng phn t khi.
Cu 63: Tin hnh th nghim (nh hnh v) : Cho 1 ml ancol etylic, 1 ml axit axetic nguyn cht v 1 git axit
sunfuric c vo ng nghim. Lc u, ng thi un cch thy 5 - 6 pht trong ni nc nng 65 - 70oC. Lm lnh
ri rt thm vo ng nghim 2 ml dung dch NaCl bo ha.
Hin tng xy ra l :
A. Dung dch trong ng nghim l mt th ng nht.
B. ng nghim cha hai lp cht lng v kt ta mu trng.
C. ng nghim cha mt dung dch khng mu v kt ta mu trng.
D. Dung dch trong ng nghim c hai lp cht lng.
Cu 64: Este no trong cc este sau y khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to hn hp 2 mui v nc ?
A. ietyl oxalat.
B. phenyl axetat. C. vinyl axetat.
D. metyl benzoat.
Cu 65: Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c anehit?
B. CH3-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
A. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3.
C. CH3-COO-C(CH3)=CH2.
D. CH3-COO-CH2-CH=CH2.
Cu 66: Este no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng khng to ra hai mui?
19
A. CH3COO[CH2]2OOCCH2CH3.
B. CH3COOC6H5 (phenyl axetat).
D. CH3OOCCOOCH3.
C. C6H5COOC6H5 (phenyl benzoat).
Cu 67: Cho cc este : etyl fomat (1), vinyl axetat (2), triolein (3), metyl acrylat (4), phenyl axetat (5). Dy gm
cc este u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) sinh ra ancol l
A. (2), (3), (5).
B. (1), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3).
D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 68: Nhn nh ng v cht bo l
A. nhit thng, cht bo trng thi rn, nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc.
B. Cc cht (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C15H31COO)3C3H5 l cht bo dng lng nhit thng.
C. Cht bo v m bi trn c cng thnh phn nguyn t.
D. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol v cc axit bo no hoc khng no.
Cu 69: Cho dy cc cht: Phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi
thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l :
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 70: Trong cc cht: phenol, etyl axetat, ancol etylic, axit axetic; s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 71: Thu phn phenyl axetat trong dung dch NaOH d thu c cc sn phm hu c l
A. natri axetat v phenol.
B. natri axetat v natri phenolat.
C. axit axetic v phenol.
D. axit axetic v natri phenolat.
Cu 72: Cho cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc phn
t C2H3O2Na. Cng thc ca X l
A. C2H5COOCH3.
B. HCOOC3H7. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC3H5.
Cu 73: Khi un nng cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2 vi dung dch NaOH thu c CH3COONa. Cng thc
cu to ca X l:
A. HCOOC2H5.
B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOH.
Cu 74: un nng este CH3COOC6H5 (phenyl axetat) vi lng d dung dch NaOH, thu c cc sn phm hu
c l
A. CH3OH v C6H5ONa.
B. CH3COOH v C6H5ONa.
D. CH3COOH v C6H5OH.
C. CH3COONa v C6H5ONa.
Cu 75: Thy phn hon ton mt lng tristearin trong dung dch NaOH (va ), thu c 1 mol glixerol v
A. 3 mol axit stearic.
B. 1 mol axit stearic.
C. 1 mol natri stearat.
D. 3 mol natri stearat.
Cu 76: Pht biu ng l :
A. Phn ng gia axit v ancol khi c H2SO4 c l phn ng mt chiu.
B. Khi thy phn cht bo lun thu c C2H4(OH)2.
C. Phn ng thy phn este (to bi axit cacboxylic v ancol) trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
D. Tt c cc este phn ng vi dung dch kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l mui v ancol.
Cu 77: iu no sau y khng ng khi ni v cht bo?
A. Khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc nhng tan nhiu trong benzen, hexan, clorofom,
B. Tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit, phn ng x phng ha v phn ng gc
hirocacbon.
C. trng thi lng hoc rn trong iu kin thng.
D. Du n v m bi trn c cng thnh phn nguyn t.
Cu 78: S hp cht l ng phn cu to, c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2, tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH
nhng khng tc dng c vi Na l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT Vnh Bo Hi Phng, nm 2015)
Cu 79: Cho cc pht biu sau:
20
(a) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong cc dung mi hu c khng phn cc.
(b) Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit bo.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng kim l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin c nhit nng chy cao hn nhit nng chy ca triolein.
S pht biu ng l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 80: Nhn xt no sau y sai ?
A. du m n nh hn nc.
B. du m n rt t tan trong nc.
C. iu kin thng triolein l cht rn.
D. m ng vt, du thc vt tan trong benzen, hexan, clorofom.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 4 THPT Vit Yn Bc Giang, nm 2015)
Cu 81: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. Metyl axetat l ng phn ca axit axetic.
B. Cc este thng nh hn nc v t tan trong nc.
C. Poli(metyl metacrylat) c dng lm thy tinh hu c.
D. Metyl fomat c nhit si thp hn axit axetic.
Cu 82: Cht no sau y khng tc dng vi triolein?
A. H2.
B. Dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch Br2.
D. Cu(OH)2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Trn Bnh Trng Ph Yn, nm 2015)
Cu 83: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H6O2. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc
phn t C3H3O2Na. Cht X c tn gi l
A. metyl acrylat.
B. metyl metacrylat.
C. metyl axetat.
D. etyl acrylat.
Cu 84: X l mt este no, n chc, mch h. Trong phn t X c ba nguyn t cacbon. S cng thc cu to ca
X tho mn l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT on Thng Hi Dng, nm 2015)
Cu 85: Trong phn ng este ho gia ancol etylic v axit axetic, axit sunfuric khng ng vai tr:
A. lm cht xc tc.
B. lm chuyn dch cn bng.
C. lm cht oxi ho.
D. lm cht ht nc.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT a Phc H Ni, nm 2015)
Cu 86: Dy no sau y sp xp cc cht theo trt t tng dn nhit si?
A. CH3COOCH3 < HCOOCH3 < C3H7OH< CH3COOH < C2H5COOH.
B. C2H5COOH < CH3COOH < C3H7OH < CH3COOCH3 < HCOOCH3.
C. HCOOCH3 < CH3COOCH3 < C3H7OH < CH3COOH < C2H5COOH.
D. HCOOCH3 < CH3COOCH3 < C3H5OH < C2H5COOH < CH3COOH.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Nguyn Thi Hc Gia Lai, nm 2015)
Cu 87: Cho cc cht sau : CH3OH (1) ; CH3COOH (2) ; HCOOC2H5 (3). Th t nhit si gim dn l
A. (1); (2); (3). B. (3); (1); (2)
C. (2); (3); (1). D. (2); (1); (3).
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Trc Ninh Nam nh, nm 2015)
Cu 88: S este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 m khi thy phn trong mi trng axit th thu c axit fomic l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
21
( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia, nm 2015)

Cu 89: Thy phn mt triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui gm natri oleat, natri stearat
(c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2) v glixerol. C bao nhiu triglixerit X tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 90: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 7.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Phc Vnh Bnh Dng, nm 2015)
Cu 91: Xt cc cht: (1) p-crezol, (2) glixerol, (3) axit axetic, (4) metyl fomat, (5) natri fomat, (6) amoni axetat,
(7) anilin, (8) tristearoylglixerol (tristearin) v (9) 1,2-ihiroxibenzen. Trong s cc cht ny, s cht tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH to mui l
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 8.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT Chc ng H Ni, nm 2015)
Cu 92: Khi thu phn CH2=CH-OOC-CH3 trong dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm l:
A. CH3-CH2OH v CH3COONa.
B. CH3-CH2OH v HCOONa.
C. CH3OH v CH2=CH-COONa.
D. CH3-CHO v CH3-COONa.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Phan Bi Chu, nm 2015)
Cu 93: Cho cc este: C6H5OCOCH3 (1); CH3COOCH=CH2 (2); CH2=CH-COOCH3 (3); CH3-CH=CH-OCOCH3
(4); (CH3COO)2CH-CH3 (5). Nhng este no khi thy phn khng to ra ancol?
A. (1), (2), (4), (5).
B. (1), (2), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3).
D. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5).
thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Nguyn Tri Thi Bnh, nm 2015)
Cu 94: Este X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t l C9H10O2. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, to ra hai
mui u c phn t khi ln hn 80. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH3COOCH2C6H5. B. HCOOC6H4C2H5.
C. C6H5COOC2H5.
D. C2H5COOC6H5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Phan ng Lu TP.HCM, nm 2015)
Cu 95: Nhn nh no di y v vinyl axetat l sai?
A. Vinyl axetat lm nht mu dung dch nc brom.
B. Vinyl axetat c iu ch t axit axetic v axetilen.
C.Thy phn vinyl axetat trong mi trng kim thu c mui v anehit.
D. Thy phn vinyl axetat trong mi trng axit thu c axi axeic v ancol vinylic.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT chuyn L Qu n Nng, nm 2015)
Cu 96: Khng nh no sau y l ng?
A. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim l phn ng mt chiu.
B. Este ch b thy phn trong mi trng axit.
C. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim gi l phn ng este ha.
D. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng mt chiu.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Sng L Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Cu 97: Cho cc cht: (1) CH3CH2COOCH3; (2) CH3OOCCH3; (3) HCOOC2H5; (4) CH3COC2H5; (5)
CH3CH(COOCH3)2; (6) HOOCCH2CH2OH; (7) CH3OOCCOOC2H5. Nhng cht thuc loi este l
A. (1), (2), (3), (6), (7).
B. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)
C. (1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (7).
D. (1), (2), (3), (5), (7).
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Sng L Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Cu 98: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng ?
A. Hiro ha hon ton triolein hoc trilinolein u thu c tristearin.
B. Cht bo l este ca glixerol v cc axit bo.
22
C. Du m ng thc vt b i thiu do ni i C = C gc axit khng no ca cht bo b oxi ha chm bi

oxi khng kh to thnh peoxit, cht ny b phn hy thnh cc sn phm c mi kh chu.
D. Cht bo nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc.
Cu 99: chuyn cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn, ngi ta thng cho cht bo lng tc dng vi
B. NaOH.
C. H2O.
D. H2.
A. CO2.
Cu 100: Este X c trong hoa nhi c cng thc phn t C9H10O2, khi thy phn X to ra ancol thm Y. Tn gi
ca X l:
A. Phenyl axetat.
B. Etyl benzoat.
C. Phenyl propionat.
D. Benzyl axetat.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT ng Thc Ha Ngh An, nm 2015)
(a) Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol v cc axit bo.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng kim gi l phn ng x phng ha.
(d) Cc este u c iu ch t axit cacboxylic v ancol.
(e) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
(f) Tt c cc peptit c phn ng mu vi Cu(OH)2/OH-.
(g) Dung dch saccaroz khng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 3.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Nguyn Khuyn TP.HCM, nm 2015)
Cu 102: Cht no sau y khng tham gia phn ng cng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, to)?
A. C2H2O2.
B. CH2O.
C. C2H2O4.
D. C3H4O2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Nguyn Khuyn TP.HCM, nm 2015)
Cu 103: Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Du thc vt v m ng vt u l cht bo.
B. Tristearin c CTPT l C54H110O6.
C. Du thc vt l cht bo thnh phn c nhiu gc axit bo khng no nn th lng.
D. Phn ng x phng ha cht bo l phn ng 1 chiu, xy ra chm.
Cu 104: C cc nhn nh sau:
(1) Lipit l mt loi cht bo.
(2) Lipit gm cht bo, sp, sterit, photpholipit,
(3) Cht bo l cc cht lng.
(4) Cht bo cha cc gc axit khng no thng l cht lng nhit thng.
(5) Phn ng thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim l phn ng thun nghch.
(6) Cht bo l thnh phn chnh ca du m ng, thc vt.
Cc nhn nh ng l
A. (1), (2), (4), (6).
B. (1), (2), (4), (5).
C. (2), (4), (6).
D. 3, (4), (5).
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT ng u Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Cu 105: Cho cc este: vinyl axetat, etyl axetat, isoamyl axetat, phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, vinyl benzoat. S este
c th iu ch trc tip bng phn ng ca axit v ancol tng ng (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Ph Dc Thi Bnh, nm 2015)
23
Cu 106: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit.
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l :
B. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2.
A. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH2=CH-COO-CH3.
D. CH3COO-CH=CH2.
Cu 107: Mnh khng ng l :
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2.
B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui.
C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime.
Cu 108: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol (ru) etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol
(ru) benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l :
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 109: Chn pht biu ng:
A. Nhit nng chy ca cht bo no thng thp hn nhit nng chy ca cht bo khng no c cng
s nguyn t cacbon.
B. Axit oleic c cng thc l cisCH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7-COOH.
C. Du m lu thng b i, nguyn nhn l do lin kt i C = O ca cht bo b oxi ha chm bi oxi
khng kh to thnh peoxit.
D. nhit thng triolein trng thi lng, khi hiro ha triolein s thu c tripanmitin trng thi
rn.
Cu 110: Chn cu pht biu ng v cht bo :
(1) Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo.
(2) Cht bo rn thng khng tan trong nc v nng hn nc.
(3) Du thc vt l mt loi cht bo trong c cha ch yu cc gc axit bo khng no.
(4) Cc loi du thc vt v u bi trn u khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong cc dung dch axit.
(5) Cc cht bo u tan trong cc dung dch kim khi un nng
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (1), (2), (3), (5).
C. (1), (3), (4).
D. (1), (3), (5).
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 3 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu H Ni, nm 2015)
Cu 111: Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. Trong phn t triolein c 3 lin kt .
B. Mui Na hoc K ca axit bo c gi l x phng.
C. Khi hiro ha hon ton cht bo lng s thu c cht bo rn.
D. X phng khng thch hp vi nc cng v to kt ta vi nc cng.
Cu 112: Tin hnh un nng cc phn ng sau y:
(1) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
(2) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH
(3) C6H5COOCH3 + NaOH
(4) HCOOC6H5 + NaOH
(5) CH3OCOCH=CH2 +NaOH
(6) C6H5COOCH=CH2 + NaOH
Trong s cc phn ng , c bao nhiu phn ng m sn phm thu c cha ancol?
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 113: Trng hp no di y to ra sn phm l ancol v mui natri ca axit cacboxylic?
24
o
t
A. CH3COOC6 H5 (phenyl axetat) NaOH
t
B. HCOOCH CHCH3 NaOH
t
C. CH3COOCH 2CH CH2 NaOH
D. CH3COOCH CH2 NaOH
Cu 114: Ba cht hu c X, Y, Z mch h c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 v c tnh cht sau :
- X tc dng c vi Na2CO3 gii phng CO2.
- Y tc dng c vi Na v c phn ng trng gng.
- Z tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, khng tc dng c vi Na.
Cc cht X, Y, Z l :
A. X : CH3COOH; Y : CH2(OH)CHO; Z : HCOOCH3.
B. X : CH3COOH; Y : HCOOCH3; Z : CH2(OH)CHO.
C. X : HCOOCH3; Y : CH3COOH; Z : CH2(OH)CHO.
D. X : CH2(OH)CHO; Y : CH3COOH; Z : HCOOCH3.
A. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi thm
ca chui chn.
B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc
phm, m phm.
C. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn dng thuc
th l nc brom.
D. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t OH trong nhm COOH ca axit v
H trong nhm OH ca ancol.
Cu 116: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn
gi ca este l :
A. n-propyl axetat. B. etyl axetat.
C. metyl fomat. D. metyl axetat.
Cu 117: Trong cc cht : etilen, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat, vinyl axetat, imetyl ete, s cht c kh nng lm
mt mu nc brom l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 118: Cho este X c cng thc phn t l C4H8O2 tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c mui Y c phn t
khi ln hn phn t khi ca X. Tn gi ca X l :
A. propyl fomat.
B. etyl axetat.
C. metyl propionat.
D. isopropyl fomat.
Cu 119: Hai cht hu c X, Y cha cc nguyn t C, H, O v c khi lng phn t u bng 74. Bit X tc dng
c vi Na, c X, Y u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Vy X, Y c th l
A. C4H9OH; CH3COOCH3.
B. OHCCOOH; HCOOC2H5.
C. OHCCOOH; C2H5COOH.
D. CH3COOCH3 ; HOC2H4CHO.
Cu 120: Este X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t l C9H10O2. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, to ra
hai mui u c phn t khi ln hn 80. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
B. C2H5COOC6H5.
A. C6H5COOC2H5.
C. CH3COOCH2C6H5.
D. HCOOC6H4C2H5.
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l:
(C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
25
S pht biu ng l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 122: Este X c CTPT C5H8O2 khi tc dng vi NaOH to ra 2 sn phm u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
trng gng. S cht X tha mn iu kin trn l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu H Ni, nm hc 2010 2011)
Cu 123: Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C4H6O2, sn phm thu c c kh nng trng bc. S
este X tha mn tnh cht trn l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 6.
D. 5.
3. Mc vn dng
Cu 124: Este X mch h c cng thc phn t C5H8O2, c to bi mt axit Y v mt ancol Z. Vy Y khng th
l
A. CH3COOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. C3H5COOH.
D. HCOOH.
Cu 125: C bao nhiu ng phn l este, c cha vng benzen, c cng thc phn t l C8H8O2 ?
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 6.
Cu 126: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c
vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Cu 127: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C6H10O2, cho 9,12 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va
thu c dung dch Y, cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 un nng thu c 34,56
gam Ag. S ng phn cu to ca X l:
A. 4.
B. 5
C. 2.
D. 3.
( thi th i hc ln 2 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu H Ni, nm hc 2011 2012)
Cu 128: Cho s sau, trong X1, X2, X3 l cc hp cht hu c :
o
AgNO d / NH
H 2 SO4 , t
ancol Y/ H2 SO 4
CuO, t
3
3
Ancol X
X1
X2
X3
C 3 H 6 O2
to
to
Vy X, Y tng ng l
A. X l CH3OH v Y l CH=CH-CH2OH.
B. X l CH2=CH-CH2OH v Y l CH3OH.
C. X l CH3OH v Y l C2H5OH.
D. X l C2H5OH v Y l CH3OH.
Cu 129: Cho cc phn ng xy ra theo s sau:
o
t
X NaOH
Y Z
(1)
o
CaO, t
Y(ran ) NaOH(ran )
CH4 Na2 CO3
o
t
Z 2AgNO3 3NH 3 H 2 O
CH3 COONH 4 2NH 4 NO 3 2Ag
(2)
(3)
Cht X l
A. metyl acrylat.
B. vinyl axetat.
C. etyl fomat.
D. etyl axetat.
Cu 130: Mt este E mch h c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. un nng E vi dung dch NaOH thu c hai sn
phm hu c X, Y, bit rng Y lm mt mu dung dch nc Br2. C cc trng hp sau v X, Y:
1. X l mui, Y l anehit.
2. X l mui, Y l ancol khng no.
3. X l mui, Y l xeton.
4. X l ancol, Y l mui ca axit khng no.
S trng hp tha mn l:
26
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
( thi th i hc ln 4 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu H Ni,
nm hc 2011 2012)
Cu 131: Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C4H6O2, sn phm thu c c kh nng trng bc. S
este X tha mn tnh cht trn l
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 132: Hai cht X v Y cng c cng thc phn t C9H8O2, cng l dn xut ca bezen, u lm mt mu nc
Br2. X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho 1 mui v 1 anehit, Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho 2 mui v
nc. Cc mui sinh ra u c phn t khi ln hn phn t khi ca CH3COONa. X v Y tng ng l:
A. HCOOC2H2C6H5, HCOOC6H4C2H3. B. C6H5COOC2H3, C2H3COOC6H5.
C. C2H3COOC6H5, HCOOC6H4C2H3.
D. C6H5COOC2H3, HCOOC6H4C2H3.
Cu 133: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi
kim loi Na v cc dung dch NaOH, NaHCO3, AgNO3/NH3. S phn ng xy ra l :
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 134: Cho s phn ng :
o
xt, t
(1) X + O2
axit cacboxylic Y1
o
(2) X + H2
xt, t
ancol Y2
(3) Y1 + Y2
xt , t
Y3 + H2O
Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l :

A. Anehit metacrylic.
B. Anehit propionic.
C. Anehit acrylic.
D. Anehit axetic.
Cu 135: Este X c cc c im sau :
- t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau;
- Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t
cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X).
Pht biu khng ng l :
A. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc.
B. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken.
C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc.
D. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O.
Cu 136: Cho s chuyn ho sau :
C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y
X + H2SO4 long Z + T
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l :
A. CH3CHO, HCOOH.
B. HCHO, HCOOH.
C. HCOONa, CH3CHO.
D. HCHO, CH3CHO.
Cu 137: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T
X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l :
A. axit fomic.
B. etyl axetat.
C. ancol metylic. D. ancol etylic.
Cu 138: X phng ho mt hn hp c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c
glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l
A. CH3COONa, HCOONa v CH3CH=CHCOONa.
B. HCOONa, CHCCOONa v CH3CH2COONa.
C. CH2=CHCOONa, HCOONa v CHCCOONa.
D. CH2=CHCOONa, CH3CH2COONa v HCOONa.
27
Cu 139: X l hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t C8H12O5, mch h. Thu phn X thu c glixerol v 2 axit
n chc A, B (trong B hn A mt nguyn t cacbon). Kt lun no sau y ng?
A. X c 2 ng phn tha mn tnh cht trn.
B. X lm mt mu nc brom.
C. Phn t X c 1 lin kt .
D. A, B l 2 ng ng k tip.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn L Quy n, nm 2015)
Cu 140: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C8H8O2. X tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c sn phm gm X1
(C7H7ONa); X2 (CHO2Na) v nc. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Qung Xng 3 Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Cu 141: Khi nghin cu tnh cht ho hc ca este ngi ta tin hnh lm th nghim nh sau: Cho vo 2 ng
nghim mi ng 2 ml etyl axetat, sau thm vo ng th nht 1 ml dd H2SO4 20%, vo ng th hai 1 ml dd
NaOH 30%. Sau lc u c 2 ng nghim, lp ng sinh hn ng thi un cch thu trong khong 5 pht. Hin
tng trong 2 ng nghim l:
A. c 2 ng nghim cht lng vn tch thnh 2 lp.
B. ng nghim th nht cht lng tr nn ng nht, ng th 2 cht lng tch thnh 2 lp.
C. c 2 ng nghim cht lng tr nn ng nht.
D. ng nghim th nht vn phn thnh 2 lp, ng th 2 cht lng tr thnh ng nht.
NaOH, t o
AgNO , t o
NaOH, t o
3
Este X (C 4 H n O2 )
Y
Z
C2 H3O2 Na
Cng thc cu to ca X tha mn s cho l

A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3.
B. CH3COOCH2CH3.
C. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
Cu 143: Cho hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2 tc dng vi NaOH, sau phn ng thu c mt
mui ca axit hu c B v mt hp cht hu c D khng tc dng vi Na. S cng thc cu to ca X tho mn
iu kin trn l
A. 7.
B. 10.
C. 8.
D. 6.
Cu 144: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi:
Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l :
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 145: Cho s chuyn ha sau:
(a) C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y
(b) X + H2SO4 (long) Z + T
(c) Z + dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) E + Ag + NH4NO3
(d) Y + dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) F + Ag +NH4NO3
Cht E v cht F theo th t l
A. HCOONH4 v CH3CHO.
B. (NH4)2CO3 v CH3COONH4.
C. (NH4)2CO3 v CH3COOH.
D. HCOONH4 v CH3COONH4.
Cu 146: Hp cht hu c X ch cha mt nhm chc, c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. khi X tc dng vi NaOH
c mt mui v mt ancol. Ly mui thu c em t chy th sn phm khng c nc. cng thc cu to ca
X l :
A. HOOC(C2H4)4COOH.
B. C2H5OOC-COOC2H5.
C. CH3OOCCH2-CH2COOCH3.
D. CH3OOC-COOC3H7.
Cu 147: Cho s chuyn ha:
28
H d (Ni,t o )
NaOH d , t
HCl
2
Triolein
Z.
Y
X
Tn ca Z l
A. axit panmitic.
B. axit oleic.
C. axit linoleic.
D. axit stearic.
Cu 148: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn s
chuyn ha sau:
H
CH COOH
2
3
X
Y
Este c mi chui chn.
H SO , ac
Ni, t o
2
Tn ca X l
A. 2 - metylbutanal.
B. 2,2 - imetylpropanal.
C. pentanal.
D. 3 - metylbutanal.
Cu 149: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s
nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH3OCO-COOC3H7.
B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3.
C. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5.
D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5.
Cu 150: Thu phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng
c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l
A. etyl axetat.
B. metyl axetat.
C. metyl propionat.
D. vinyl axetat.
Cu 151: Mt este X c cng thc phn t l C5H8O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c hai sn phm
hu c u khng lm nht mu nc brom. S ng phn ca este X tha mn iu kin l
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 152: un nng mt este n chc c phn t khi l 100 vi dung dch NaOH, thu c hp cht c nhnh X
v ancol Y. Cho hi Y qua CuO t nng ri hp th sn phm vo lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu
c dung dch Z. Thm H2SO4 long vo Z th thu c kh CO2. Tn gi ca este l
A. etyl metacrylat.
B. metyl metacrylat.
C. etyl isobutyrat.
D. metyl isobutyrat.
Cu 153: Cho s cc phn ng:
o
t
X + NaOH (dung dch)
Y + Z
(1)
CaO, t
Y + NaOH (rn)
T + P
(2)
1500 C
T
Q + H2
(3)
t , xt
Q + H2O
Z
Trong s trn, X v Z ln lt l
A. CH3COOCH=CH2 v HCHO.
C. HCOOCH=CH2 v HCHO.
Cl , as
(4)
B. CH3COOCH=CH2 v CH3CHO.
D. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3CHO.
o
O , xt
CH OH
NaOHd , t
CuO, t
2
2
3
C 6 H 5CH 3
X
Y
Z
T
E
t o , xt
Tn gi ca E l :
A. phenyl axetat.
B. metyl benzoat.
C. axit benzoic.
D. phenyl metyl ete.
Cu 155: Cho X c cng thc phn t l C5H8O2, phn ng vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui X1 v cht hu c X2,
nung X1 vi vi ti xt thu c mt cht kh c t khi vi hiro l 8; X2 c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu
to ca X l
A. CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.
B. C2H5COOCH=CH2.
C. CH3COOCH=CHCH3.
D. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2.
Cu 156: Cho s sau :
29
X X1 PE
M
Y Y1 Y2 thu tinh hu c
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5.
B. C6H5COOC2H5.
C. C2H3COOC3H7.
D. CH=CH2COOCH=CH2.
Cu 157: Este X c cng thc phn t l C5H10O2. Thy phn X trong NaOH thu c ancol Y. hirat ha
ancol Y thu c hn hp 3 anken. Vy tn gi ca X l
A. tert-butyl fomat.
B. iso-propyl axetat.
C. etyl propionat.
D. sec-butyl fomat.
4. Mc vn dng cao
Cu 158: X phng ho mt hp cht hu c X mch h c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH
d, thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). S ng phn cu to ca X tho
mn l:
A. 9.
B. 6.
C. 12.
D. 15.
( thi chn hc sinh gii tnh Thi Bnh, nm 2015)
Cu 159: Hp cht hu c X c CTPT C7H6O3, X cha nhn thm, X tc dng vi NaOH t l 1 : 3. S ng phn
ca X tha mn l:
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 160: Este X no, mch h c 4 nguyn t cacbon. Thy phn X trong mi trng axit thu c ancol Y v axit
Z (Y, Z ch cha mt loi nhm chc duy nht). S cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 161: Cho s phn ng:
(1) X (C5H8O2) + NaOH X1 (mui) + X2
(2) Y (C5H8O2) + NaOH Y1 (mui) + Y2
Bit X1 v Y1 c cng s nguyn t cacbon; X1 c phn ng vi nc brom, cn Y1 th khng. Tnh cht ha hc
no ging nhau gia X2 v Y2?
A. B kh bi H2 (to, Ni).
B. Tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (to).
C. B oxi ha bi O2 (xc tc) thnh axit cacboxylic.
D. Tc dng c vi Na.
Cu 162: X phng ha hon ton hn hp X gm 2 cht bo (c s mol bng nhau) bng dung dch NaOH, thu
c glixerol v 2 mui natri stearat v natri panmitat (bit s mol ca hai mui ny cng bng nhau). C bao
nhiu trng hp X tha mn?
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 163: Cht X c cng thc phn t C6H8O4. Cho 1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht Y
v 2 mol cht Z. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c imetyl ete. Cht Y phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4
long (d), thu c cht T. Cho T phn ng vi HBr, thu c hai sn phm l ng phn cu to ca nhau. Pht
biu no sau y ng?
A. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H4O4Na2.
B. Cht X phn ng vi H2 (Ni, to) theo t l mol 1 : 3.
C. Cht T khng c ng phn hnh hc.
D. Cht Z lm mt mu nc brom.
un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c imetyl ete. Suy ra Z l CH3OH.
Cu 164: C bao nhiu ng phn l este, c cha vng benzen, c cng thc phn t l C9H8O2 ?
30
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 6.
Cu 165: ng vi cng thc phn t C8H8O2 c bao nhiu hp cht n chc, c vng benzen, c kh nng phn
ng vi dung dch NaOH ?
A. 9.
B. 7.
C. 8.
D. 10.
Cu 166: X l hp cht hu c n chc. Cho X tc dng vi NaOH thu c Y v Z. Bit Z khng tc dng c
vi Na v c s chuyn ha sau:
O
NaOH
NaOH
2
Z
T
Y
Akan n gian nhat
xt ,t o
CaO,t o
Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca cacbon trong X l

A. 48,65%.
B. 55,81%.
C. 40,00%.
D. 54,55%.
Cu 167: Hp cht A (cha C, H, O) c t khi hi so vi metan l 8,25, thuc loi hp cht a chc khi phn ng
vi NaOH to ra mui v ancol. S lng hp cht tha mn tnh cht ca X l
A. 4 cht.
B. 3 cht.
C. 5 cht
D. 2 cht.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu ng Thp, nm 2015)
Cu 168: Cho cc cht hu c X, Y, Z, T, E tha mn cc phng trnh ha hc sau:
to
X + 3NaOH
C6H5ONa + Y + CH3CHO + H2O
CaO, t
(1)
Y + 2NaOH T + 2Na2CO3
t
(2)
Z +
CH3CHO + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O
(3)
t
Z + NaOH
E + ...
(4)
CaO, t
E + NaOH
(5)
T + Na2CO3
Cng thc phn t ca X l :
A. C12H20O6.
B. C12H14O4.
C. C11H10O4.
D. C11H12O4.
Cu 169: Khi cho cht hu c A (c cng thc phn t C6H10O5 v khng c nhm CH2) tc dng vi NaHCO3
hoc vi Na th s mol kh sinh ra lun bng s mol A phn ng. A v cc sn phm B, D tham gia phn ng theo
phng trnh ha hc sau:
A B + H2O
(1)
A + 2NaOH 2D + H2O
B + 2NaOH 2D
D + HCl E + NaCl
Tn gi ca E l
A. axit acrylic.
C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic.
(2)
(3)
(4)
B. axit 2-hiroxipropanoic.
D. axit propionic.
Cu 170: un nng hn hp gm glixerol vi axit axetic, axit oleic, axit panmitic, axit linoleic trong H2SO4 c c
th thu c ti a bao nhiu loi cht bo khng no?
A. 12.
B. 13.
C. 15. D. 17.
P N V HNG DN TR LI
1B
11D
21B
31B
41A
51A
61B
71B
2B
12B
22A
32C
42D
52D
62B
72C
3C
13C
23D
33B
43A
53C
63D
73B
4C
14B
24C
34D
44A
54A
64B
74C
5B
15B
25B
35B
45B
55B
65B
75D
6A
16A
26D
36A
46C
56D
66D
76C
7D
17D
27B
37B
47B
57C
67B
77D
8C
18A
28C
38B
48A
58D
68D
78A
9A
19D
29C
39D
49C
59A
69C
79D
10D
20C
30B
40D
50B
60B
70C
80C
31
81A
91C
101A
111A
121C
131D
141C
151B
161C
32
82D
92D
102C
112D
122C
132B
142D
152B
162B
83A
93A
103B
113C
123C
133C
143D
153B
163C
84C
94D
104C
114A
124B
134C
144A
154B
164B
85C
95D
105B
115D
125D
135B
145B
155C
165D
86C
96A
106D
116C
126D
136A
146B
156A
166B
87D
97D
107C
117B
127D
137D
147D
157D
167C
88B
98B
108D
118C
128D
138D
148D
158A
168C
89A
99D
109B
119B
129B
139B
149C
159A
169B
90B
100D
110D
120B
130D
140A
150C
160C
170D

Cau Hoi Trac Nghiem Ve Este Va Chat Beo

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Cau Hoi Trac Nghiem Ve Este Va Chat Beo

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Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp trc nghim Ha hc hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

Chuyn 2 : Cacbohirat (80 trang)

c. Dng 3 : Phn ng ln men

A. H THNG CU HI CNG C KIN THC

Cng thc este

Cu 3 : Gi s este c cng thc phn t tng qut l CxHyOz (*).

Cng thc este

anehit hoac xeton

(2) : thy tinh hu c

(7) : x phng, glixerol

( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Qunh Lu 1 Ngh An, nm 2015)

Cu 13: Cht X c cng thc cu to CH2=CH COOCH3. Tn gi ca X l

( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Hi Lng Qung Tr, nm 2015)

S cng thc cu to ca X ph hp s trn l

Cu 58: S ng phn axit v este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l

( thi minh ha k thi THPT Quc Gia, nm 2015)

C. Du m ng thc vt b i thiu do ni i C = C gc axit khng no ca cht bo b oxi ha chm bi

D. CH3COOCH CH2 NaOH

Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l :

Cng thc cu to ca X tha mn s cho l

Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca cacbon trong X l

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