4.4.

2 Calculation of Interrupting Single Line to Ground

Faults for Main Buses
Using the same set of equation as in Momentary
Calculation, the interrupting calculation will be performed in fault
points

where

Medium Voltage

Circuit

breakers are

used

as

overcurrent protection device.

For Bus 1 (Fault Point F1)

The fault point impedance derived from 3-phase fault
calculation at F1 is the positive sequence impedance for fault point
with the driving voltage equal to 1 pu as shown in figure 4.34.

Z TH,F1,INT,1 Z TH,F1,INT 0.0007465 j0.0204532 pu

0.0007465
+j0.020453

Ia1

1pu
Reference
Figure 4.34 Interrupting Positive Sequence Impedance for
Fault point 1
Consequentially, the negative sequence network is equal to
the positive sequence network impedance as shown in figure 4.35.

Z TH,F1,INT,2 Z TH,F1,INT 0.0007465 j0.0204532 pu

Chapter 4-Short Circuit Calculation

Page 246

0.0007465
+j0.020453

Ia2

Reference
Figure 4.35 Interrupting Negative Sequence Impedance for
Fault point 1

The zero sequence impedance at fault point F1 will derived

as follow:

F1
BUS1SLG

ZGEN EQ,ZERO =0.000555+ j0.017761

Reference
ZTL1,ZERO=0.000199+j0.000043

Z TRM1,ZERO=0.000749+j0.026527

BUS2

Reference

ZTL2,ZERO=0.006843
+j0.000325
Z TRL3A,ZERO=0.036692
+j0.230430
BUS3

Reference

BUS4

ZTL3,ZERO
=0.007604+j0.000361
Z TRL3B,ZERO=0.036692
+j0.230430
Reference

Figure 4.36 Interrupting Zero Sequence Impedance Diagram

Chapter 4-Short Circuit Calculation

Page 247

0.000555

+ j0.017761

Ia0

Reference

Figure 4.37 Interrupting Zero Sequence Impedance for Fault

point 1

ZTH,F1,INT,0 0.000555 j0.017761 pu

Using these three impedance networks and from the
relation on equation 4.5 where I a1=Ia2=Ia0, the equivalent network
diagram is shown below where the three impedance networks are
connected in series.

0.000555

ZINT,ZERO,F1
+j0.017761

0.0007465

ZINT,NEG,F1
+j0.020453

0.0007465
+j0.020453

ZINT,POS,F1

1pu

Reference

Chapter 4-Short Circuit Calculation

Page 248

Figure 4.38 Interrupting Equivalent Impedance Networks for

Fault point 1
Using Equation 4.6 and figure 4.158, the SLG fault current
is calculated below.

IINT,SYM,RMS,SLG

3VPREFAULT
Z TH,F1,INT,1 Z TH,F1,INT,2 Z TH,F1,INT,0

3(1)
0.0007465 j0.0204532 0.0007465 j0.0204532 0.000555 + J0.017761

3(1)
0.002048 j0.058667

IINT,SYM,RMS,SLG 1.782952 - j51.073351 pu

IINT,SYM,RMS,SLG 51.104/-880 pu

Actual Value
IINT,SYM,RMS,SLG 51.104/-880 x IBASE 13.8kV
IINT,SYM,RMS,SLG 51.104/-880 x 418.369 A

IINT,SYM,RMS,SLG 21,380.522 A

Using separated X and R reduction, X/R ratio is calculated as

For X/R ratio

XsepPositive XsepNegative XsepZero

X /R
R sepPositive R sepNegative R sepZero
X /R

0.020439 0.020439 0.017761

0.00067607 0.00067607 0.000555

Chapter 4-Short Circuit Calculation

30.747

Page 249

The

table

below

shows

the

summary

of

results

by

performing the same calculation procedure as the above for the rest
of the major buses (F2, F3 , F4 , F5, F6 and F7) using the Microsoft
Excel

developed

by

the

author.

Table

4.29

Summarize

the

interrupting three-phase short circuit currents for the main buses.

These values along with other Interrupting fault currents will be
used to evaluate the Interrupting Capacity of Medium Voltage circuit
breakers.
Table 4.29 Summary of Interrupting Single Line to Ground
Faults
Fault
Point
F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Fault Location

Interrupting Single Line To

Ground Faults
IINT,SYM,RMS (A)

13.8kV Power Plant

Bus

21,380.522

Primary terminals
of TRM1

21,271.385

6.9kV switchgear
(bus)

21,019.777

Primary terminals
TRL3A

20,490.260

Primary terminals
TRL3B

20,426.803

Chapter 4-Short Circuit Calculation

X/R
30.747

26.792

30.908

8.933

8.291

Page 250