THC HNH MATLAB C BN

WORKSHEET 03: MA TRN TRONG MATLAB

--Thi Duy Qu ITFac thaiduyquy@gmail.com

Mc ch:
Worksheet ny gii thiu v cc lnh c bn trong lp trnh ma trn trong MATLAB.
Yu cu:
-

Sinh vin thc hnh bng phn mm Matlab trn phng my, c k phn luyn tp
trc khi lm bi tp.

Kt qu c lu li trong th mc MSSV_HoTen

Thi gian thc hnh: 4 tit.

Luyn tp:
Ma trn l dng vector c hai chiu. Ma trn c a vo Matlab bng cch: mi phn t
trn mt dng c phn bit bi du khong trng hoc du phy, v mt dng mi c bt
u vi du chm phy.

Chng ta c th s dng lnh size xc nh kch thc ca ma trn A(3x4):

Ch s
Ch s ca ma trn trong Matlab ging nh ch s ca Vector. im khc bit y l c
hai chiu. truy xut ti thnh phn ca dng 2, ct 3 ca ma trn A, s dng lnh sau:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

C th truy xut mt dng ca ma trn vi du hai chm trong Matlab. Lnh A(2,:) s ly
mi ct ca dng s 2.

Tng t nh vy, c th truy xut n bt k ct no ca ma trn A vi lnh A(:,x) vi x

l ct ca ma trn.
V d:

Cng c th trch xut mt ma trn con t ma trn A vi ch s ca ma trn.

V d: Cn ly ma trn con s dng dng 1 v 3 v ct 2 v 4, ta s dng lnh sau:

C th s dng ch s gn phn t ma trn. V d:

Khi mun gn mt dng, mt ct hay mt ma trn con ca A, ta phi thay th ni dung vi

mt dng, ct hoc ma trn con vi s phn t tng ng. V d sau s gn ni dung mi cho
dng u tin ca ma trn A:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

BT V d: Thc hin lnh sau, v cho nhn xt:

Hon v ma trn
C th d dng hon v ma trn ging nh hon i dng thnh ct trong vector. V d,
thc hin lnh magic nh sau:

C th d dng tnh AT vi lnh nh sau:

Xy dng ma trn
Matlab cho php ngi dng to mt s ma trn c bit. V d: to ma trn n v 2 x 3:

By gi ta c th to ma trn mi vi A l ct th nht v A cng l ct th hai.

Hoc to ma trn vi A l dng th nht v A cng l dng th hai:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

C th to ra ma trn ton s 0. V d:

C th to ra ma trn gia A v D:

Php nhn v hng

Matlab cho php nhn ma trn vi mt s (gi l php nhn v hng):
V d:
Nu A l ma trn:

Ta thc hin php nhn vi 3 nh sau:

Php cng ma trn

Nu hai ma trn cng chiu, ta c th cng ma trn theo tng thnh phn nh sau:
V d: Cho hai ma trn A v B nh sau:

Thc hin php cng A + B ta c kt qu:

4

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

Php nhn ma trn - vector:

Gi s ta c h phng trnh 3 n nh sau:

Bi v mi phn t tng ng l bng nhau, nn ta c dng nh sau:

V tri c th c vit nh l tng cc vector:

Php nhn v hng c th c t lm tha s cho cc vector v tri:

Chng ta c th ni rng:

L mt kt hp tuyn tnh ca cc vector: [2,3,5]T, [3,2,-3]T v [4,4,8]T.

Cui cng, ta a h phng trnh v dng Ax = b:
5

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

Vi:

V d:
Thc hin nhn ma trn vi vector:

thc hin php nhn, ta thc hin php kt hp tuyn tnh ca cc ct ma trn, s dng
tng phn t ca vector:

Lnh trong Matlab nh sau:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

Php nhn: ma trn ma trn
thc hin php nhn ma trn A vi ma trn B, ta thc hin php nhn ma trn A vi
tng vector ca ma trn B. V d:

Lnh trong Matlab:

Bi tp
Bi 1:
C cc ma trn sau:

S dng cc lnh Matlab, thc hin cc thuc tnh sau (0 l ma trn Zero):
o A+B=B+A
o (A + B) + C = A + (B+C)
o A+0=A
o A + (- A) = 0
o A(B+C) = AB + AC
o (A + B)C = AC + BC
C cc ma trn sau:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

S dng cc lnh Matlab, thc hin cc php tnh th hin cc thuc tnh sau:

C cc ma trn sau:

V cc gi tr v hng sau: = 2 v = 3. S dng Matlab th hin cc tnh cht sau

ca ma trn:

Bi 2:
G lnh ma trn A = pascal(3) v B = magic(3). Thc hin lnh (A+B)T v AT + BT v so
snh hai kt qu ny. C nhn xt v gii thch cc kt qu.
G lnh A = pascal(4) v gi tr v hng = 5. S dng Matlab tnh A v (A)T. So
snh hai kt qu ny v cho nhn xt v gii thch cc kt qu.
Bi 3:
Mt ma trn Hilbert H c nh ngha bi H(i,j) = 1/(i+j-1) vi i chy t 1 n s dng v
j chy t 1 n s ct. S dng nh ngha ny v cc php tnh bng tay tm ma trn
Hilbert vi s chiu 4 x 4. S dng lnh format rat v hilb kim tra kt qu.
Bi 4:
S cch chn k i tng t mt tp n i tng c nh ngha v tnh ton vi cng
thc:

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THC HNH MATLAB C BN

nh ngha mt ma trn Pascal P vi cng thc:

Vi i chy t 1 n s dng v j chy t 1 n s ct. S dng nh ngha v cc php tnh tay

tm ma trn Pascal chiu 4x4. S dng lnh pascal kim tra kt qu.
Bi 5:
Cho ma trn A = [2 4 1 ; 6 7 2 ; 3 5 9], vit lnh Matlab :
a. Gn cho vector x l dng th nht ca A.
b. Gn cho ma trn y l hai dng cn li (cui) ca A.
c. Tnh tng theo dng ma trn A.
d. Tnh tng theo ct ma trn A.
e. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca ma trn.
f. Tnh tng cc phn t ca A
Bi 6:
Cho A = [2 7 9 7 ; 3 1 5 6 ; 8 1 2 5; 1 2 3 5], vit lnh Matlab
a. Gn cho ma trn B l cc ct v tr chn
b. Gn cho ma trn C l cc dng v tr l
c. Gn li A thnh chuyn v ca n
d. Tnh nghch o mi phn t ca A
e. Ly cn bc hai mi phn t ca A
Bi 7:
Gii cc phng trnh tuyn tnh sau:
2 x1 x2 5 x3 x4 5
x x 3 x 4 x 1
1 2
3
4

3
x

6
x

2
x

x
2
3
4 8
1
2 x1 2 x2 2 x3 3x4 2

x1 x2 x3 x4 2
x 2 x 3x 4 x 2
1
2
3
4

2
x

3
x

5
x

9
x4 2
2
3
1
x1 x2 2 x3 7 x4 2

-- Ht -9

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