You are on page 1of 14

LEGAL COUNSELING

based from the book of Mauricio Ulep

Chapter 1
Definition of Terms
A. Legal Interviewing the task of
gathering information which involves the
gathering of relevant data specifically of
the following:
1. Nature of the clients problem,
2. Clients legal position, and
3. Probable consequences of
adopting litigation or some other
course of action to resolve the
matter.
B. Legal Counselling task of
formulating solutions.
- process in which potential solutions with
their probable positive and negative
consequences are identified and
weighed in order to decide which
alternative is most appropriate.
- working with a person who has a problem
in which potential solution, with their
probably positive and negative
consequences, are identified and then
weighed in order to decide which
alternative is most appropriate.
C. Counsel an adviser, a person
professionally engaged in the trial of
management of a case in court
- a legal advocate managing a case
at law
D. Effective and Vigilant Counsel it
necessarily and logically requires that the
lawyer be present and able to advise and
assist his client from the time the
confessant answers the first question asked
by the investigating officer until the signing
of the extrajudicial confession.
E. Attorney at law class of persons who
are by license, officers of the courts,
empowered to appear, prosecute and

defend, and upon whom peculiar duties,


responsibilities and liabilities are developed
by law as a consequence.
F. Titulo de Abogado not mere
possession of the academic degree of
Bachelor of Laws but membership in the
Bar after due admission thereto.
G. Practise of Law - any activity, in or
out of court, which requires the application
of law, legal procedures, knowledge,
training and experiences.
H. Preventive Lawyering concerned
with minimizing the risks of legal trouble
and maximizing legal rights for such legal
entities at the time when transactional or
similar facts are being considered or made.
I. Amicus Curiae - friend of the court
- a bystander, usually a lawyer who
interposes and volunteers information upon
some matter of law in regard to which the
judge is doubtful or mistaken.

Chapter 2
Pre-interview Considerations
A. Preparation
1. Preparing yourself identify your
objectives
2. Preparing your client
B. Timing
C. The Environment
A. Need for a reception area
B. Interview room
D. Seating arrangement
E. Note-taking
F. Using a tape recorder
Advantages:
Interviewer can ask more
questions in less time than the
notetaker.
Taped interviews tend to have
the crisp ring of truth.
The interviewer can concentrate
more in the interview.

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

A tapes interviewer reassures


the interviewer that the
interviewee had not been
misquoted esp. in controversial
statements.
An interview can free a busy
lawyer from a hectic schedule.
A tape recorder is of real
assistance when the
interviewers hand are tied.
Tape recorders can be used for
recording lengthy documents.
G. Telephone Interviewing
discouraged
Simple Courtesies
Speak clearly, distinctly and
calmly.
Identily your purpose quickly
and succinctly.
Avoid making side comments
during the interview.
Dont allow long silence on the
phone.
Provide for verbal clues. (e.i. ok,
I see..)
H. How to Gather Facts
Factors to facilitate easy gathering of
facts and information:
1. Ask the interviewee to help you by
encouraging him to give you all the
facts.
Ultimate facts important and
substantial facts which either directly
form the basis of primary right and
duty, or which directly make up the
wrongful acts or omissions of the
defendants.
Evidentiary facts facts which are
necessary for determination of the
ultimate facts; they are the premises
upon which conclusions of ultimate
facts are based.

2. Employ honesty and affection and a


little humor during the interview.
3. Develop and ensure trust and
confidence with the client during the
interview.
4. The lawyer should be interested in
the subject as he is taking notes of the
interviewees story.
5. Use frank and simple terms not
euphemisms during the interview.
6. Confront the interviewee right away
if you feel that he is telling a lie during
the interview.
7. Make a draft of clients story.
Chapter III
Structure of the Legal Interview
Five Stages of Legal Interview
1. Preliminary Stage
2. Description of the Problem Stage
3. Clarification Stage
4. Advising Stage
5. Closing Stage give the client:
a. An indication of what is
expected to happen next.
b. An idea of the expected
time frame.
c. An opportunity to ask the
client if there are other
matters which he would like
to take up
d. An explanation on how you
are going to charge
professional fees for
handling the case.
Canon 20

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

Rule 20.01 A lawyer shall be


guided by the following factors in
determining his fees:
a. The time spent and the extent
of the
services rendered or required.
b. The novelty and difficulty of the
questions involved;
c. The importance of the subject
matter;
d. The skill demanded;
e. The probability of losing other
employment as a result of
acceptance
of the proffered case;
f. The customary charges for
similar
services and the schedule of
fees of the
IBP chapter to which he
belongs;
g. The amount involved in the
controversy
and the benefits resulting to
the client
from the services;
h. The contingency or certainty of
compensation;
i. The character of the
employment,
whether occasional or
established; and
j. The professional standing of the
lawyer.
Typical Interviewing Faults
1. Failure to define and state clearly
the purpose of the interview.
2. Lack of preparation.
3. Vagueness and poor grammar.
4. Asking convoluted or overdefined
questions.
5. Failure to listen.
6. Filibustering.
7. Aimlessness.

CPOlorpesbnd
Chapter IV
Questioning Skills

word

The thoughtful interviewer will


questions so as to:
Probe, not cross examine
Inquire, not challenge
Suggest, not demand
Uncover, not wrap
Draw out, not pump
Guide, not dominate

Kinds of Question Sequences


A. Funnel Sequence

B. Inverted Funnel Sequence

Other Kinds of Question Sequences


Used in research and journalistic
interviewing.
1. Parallel Path Sequence

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

2. Quintamensional Design
Sequence designed by George
Gallup.
a. Awareness step
b. Uninfluenced Attitude step
c. Specific Attitude step
d. Reasoning step
e. Intensity of attitude step
Types of Questions used in Legal
Interview
1. Open-ended questions
Advantages:
Allows clients to report their
observations in specific details.
Increases clients willingness to
give more information.
Facilitates communication by
allowing the client to get
information off his chest.
Assists the client to overcome ego
threat, case threat, and etiquette
barrier and trauma
.
Disadvantages:
They have a detrimental effect if
the client is extremely verbose,
and has a poor sense of
relevancy.
It does not elicit sufficient detail.
It leave the client free to select
any aspect of the situation he
chooses to describe.
2. Leading questions
Advantage:
Information is known to the client.
Disadvantage:
The probability of distortion
especially if the client is unsure of
the answer.

4. Narrow questions
Advantages:
If client wants
to avoid a
sensitive topic, you can use
narrow question to overcome the
problem.
The client can respond easily to
non-threatening questions
Disadvantages:
Most of information that could be
developed will be lost
It involves detailed probing
5. Probe questions
Other Forms of Questions
1. Interrogative questions
2. Extension questions
3. Mirror or reverse question
4. Summary or Crystallizing
question
5. Comparative Question
6. Hypothetical Question
7. Multiple or Double Barreled
Question
8. Close-ended Question
9. Combination Question
Chapter V
Psychological Factors that Inhibit a
Good Interview
Psychological Factors:

Utang na Loob Phenomenon


Ego Threat
Case Threat
Role Expectations
Etiquette Barrier
Trauma
Perceived Irrelevancy
Greater Need Phenomenon

3. Yes/No questions

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

Five Factors to Motivate Full


Participation in the Interview
1. Emphatic Understanding
a. Listen
b. Understand
c. Do not judge
2. Fulfilling Expectations
3. Recognition
4. Altruistic Appeals
5. Extrinsic Reward
Three Stages of the Interview
1. Preliminary Problem Identification
2. Chronological Overview
3. Theory Development and
Verification
Chapter VI
How to Listen
Content refer to the time, setting,
people, and specific transactions that
make up an event.
- also referred to as Detailed
facts .
Feelings - refers to labels a person
uses to describe emotional reactions to
an event.
LISTENING
Active process of picking up the
clients message and sending it
back in a reflective statement
which mirrors what the lawyer
has heard.
- listening with third ear
Passive - listening through noncommittal responses because
they acknowledge that the lawyer
is listening without giving any
indication about how the lawyer
might be evaluating the clients
message.

Three Purposes of Paraphasing in


the Legal Interview
1. To communicate to the
interviewee that the lawyer is
trying to understand what is
being conveyed.
2. To clarify the lawyers
understanding of the clients
message.
3. To highlight a specific issue or
communicate more precisely
what the interviewee is
attempting to convey.
Characteristics of Listening
Creative
Intentional
Dynamic
A Process
Selective
Visual as well as Aural
Involves interpretation
Involves Response
How
1.
2.
3.
4.

to be an active listener?
Concentration
Active Participation
Watching for non-verbal signs
Taking account of feelings as well
as the legal content of what the
client says
5. Practice

Barriers to Effective Listening


A. Environmental Barrier
1. Poor room lighting
2. Uncomfortable or
inadequate seating and
spatial arrangement
3. Room temperature
4. Sound distractions
5. Visual distractions
B. Psychological Barriers
1. Imbalanced mental state
2. Unwillingness to participate

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

3. Headaches, stomach aches,


drowsiness, hearing
disorder
4. Overworked or emotionally
stressed
5. If the subject matter is
unusual or boring
6. Difference between speed
of thought and talking
speed
7. Lack of interest in the
content or negative
reaction to the spaker or
speakers behavior or
physical appearance
C. Cultural and Provincial or
Regional Barrier
1. Dialect barrier
2. Non-verbal barrier
3. Belief and value differences
exist when the client has a
different belief about
reality, society, roles of men
and women
Checklist for Good Listening
1. Keep an open mind
2. Assess the content not the
delivery
3. Listen for the main idea
4. Be flexible
5. Prevent distractions
6. Capitalize on thought speed
7. Identify the feelings behind the
content
8. Mix passive and active
listening techniques
9. Reflect back meaning not
words
10. Remember silence is
golden use it constructively
Chapter VII
Transference and
Countertransference

Types of Non Verbal


Communications
1. Facial Expression
a. Dagger look
b. A fish-eye look
c. Im available look
d. Poker face
e. Those who look away
when speaking are not
sure of their opinion
f. Those who look at others
can support the validity
of what they say and
appear more competent
g. Those who look at the
floor are overcautious
and try to avoid new
ideas, experiences or
risk
h. The more popular a
person is within a group,
the higher the level of
eye contact
i. An open look comes
from an open person
j. Direct look genuine
interest and respect
k. Vacant look talks
round other people
and the subject
l. Sidelong glance signals
distrust, perhaps
skepticism
m.Look toward the sky
absorption in prayer and
devotion
n. Smile and laughter
1. Simple smile
2. Upper smile
3. Broad smile
4. Oblong smile
5. How to you
smile
6. Lip-in smile
7. Ha-ha laughter
8. He-he laughter

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

2.

3.
4.

5.

6.

7.

9. Hee-hee
laughter
10. Ho-ho laughter
11. Smirking
o. Lip biting
p. Rubbing one eye
q. Lip licking
r. A jutting chin
Walking gestures
a. Dejected walker
b. Burst of energy walker
c. Hands on hips walker
d. Strutter
e. Pre-occupied walker
Shaking hands
a. Ordinary handshake
b. Politicians handshake
Open Cluster Gestures
a. Open hands/palms
b. Shoulder shrugging
gesture
c. Unbuttoning coat
d. Thumbs up
e. O sign
f. V sign
Defensiveness
a. Arms crossed on chest
b. Sitting with a leg over
the arm chair, even if
person is smiling
c. Sitting, chair back
serving as a shield
Crossing Legs
a. Leg over leg
b. Figure four position
c. Woman in a leg over leg
position and kicks one of
her legs gently
Evaluation Gestures
a. Hand to cheek gestures
b. Critical evaluation
gesture
c. Head tilted
d. Stroking chin
e. Pinching the brige of the
nose

f. Touching or slightly
rubbing the nose
8. Use of eyeglasses
a. Dropping eyeglasses to
lower bridge of the nose
b. Cleaning eyeglasses
c. Put eyeglasses in the
mouth
d. Throw it on the table
9. Other common gestures
a. Hands on hips
b. Sitiing on the edge of the
chair
c. Arms spread while hands
grip the edge of the
table
d. Bite nails
e. Kick lightly
f. Deep breath and release
air slowly
g. Tsk-tsk sound
h. Clenched fist
i. Pointing index finger
j. Palm to back of neck
k. Kick at an imaginary
object
l. Steepling
m. Feet on desk
n. Leaning in vehicle
o. Clearing throat
p. Whew sound
q. Whistling
r. Jingling money in
pockets or tin can
s. Locked ankles and
clenched hands
t. Drumming on table
u. Blank stare
v. Hand to chest
w. Delicate balance of a
shoe on the toe of one
foot
x. Sitting with one leg
tucked under them
y. Rubbing of palms

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

z. Crossing the middle


finger over the index
finger
aa. Hands on lapel of coat
ab. Covered hands
ac.Clinging hands
ad. Twisted hands
ae. Upward index finger
af. Lowered index finger
ag. Index finger across
mouth
ah. Fingers covering the
mouth
ai. Index fingers meeting
aj. Failure on the part of the
accused to make a
protest during an arrest
indicates his guilt
Sign Language manner by which
handicapped people communicate
Chapter VIII
Coping up with Difficult
Situations
I.

Dealing with Reluctance unwillingness to provide full


information in a particular case
or situation

Reluctance comes in two ways:


a. The topic may be
discomforting for the client
b. Observations of the clients
demeanor may indicate
reluctance
Technique in handling client
reluctance
1. Ignore it or postpone it
2. Employ a motivational
statement
a. Laywer express
emphatic understanding
b. Utilize facilitators

3. Stress confidentiality
4. Change the question pattern
II.

How to Deal with


Fabrication giving false
information and withholding of
information
- clients answer containds
inetnal inconsistencies,
fantastic and utterly incredible
stories which are contraty to
human experience, against the
natural course of things and
contrary to reason and common
sense.

Techniques for Handling Fabrication


1. Build general rapport
2. Topic avoidance
3. Disclosure
4. Confrontation
Four Techniques in Direct Confrontation
1. Lawyer request for clarification
2. Confrontation through the
medium of a
third person
Three Forms or Ways
a. Have the client set forth the
clients perception of the
adversarys position
b. Have the client refute the
adversarys version
c. Tell the client that he/she is
going to be prepared for
cross-examination
3. Silence
4. Direct Confrontation
III.

The Client who Says Too


Much (Digressing)
- one who rambles
Three Approaches
1. To emphatize with whatever
concern the client raises in the
rambling response and then

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

return to inquiring about the


designated topic
2. Employ motivational
statement
3. Break eye contact
IV.

Dealing with Conflict and


Aggression

FORMS:
1. Sarcastic or trying to belittle
your efforts
2. Being dismissive of your
questions or suggestions or
showing impatience
3. Domineering client
How to handle this:
a. Stay calm
b. Check your non-verbal
communication
c. Speak with confidence
d. Keep your tone of voice even
and low and speak slowly
e. Do not allow yourself to
respond to personal attacks or
verbal abuse
VI.
VII.

Chapter IX
Witness Interviewing

Too Little Talking

How to handle:
1. Use open questions
2. Explain the purpose of the
question to the client
3. Indirectly try to find out what
is wrong
4. Use series of closed (narrow)
questions if cooperating at
first but not in the later stage
V.

Three Pace Techniques


1. Mirror
2. Pace
3. Lead

Dealing with Highly


Distressed Client
Client is Not Listening

Four Ultimate Facts Sets Needed


1. Facts establishing the
existence or non-existence of
the substantive elements
entitling the plaintiff to relief.
2. Facts corroborating the clients
version of the case.
3. Facts constituting the
adversarys version of the
case; and
4. Facts contradicting the
adversarys version of the
case.
How
1.
2.
3.

to Motivate Witnesses
Develop rapport
Use facilitators
Remember that witnesses are
governed by the same sets of
facilitators and inhibitors as
your clients

Special Interviewing Cases


A. The mentally disturbed
Insanity manifestation in
language or conduct of disease or
defect of the brain or a more or less
permanently diseased or disordered
condition of the mentality, functional
or organic and characterized by
perversion, inhibition, or disordered
function of the sensory or of the
intellective faculties, or by impaired
or disordered volition.

How to Reduce Tension in an


Interview
Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

- mitigating circumstance:
complete deprivation of intelligence
in the commission of the act
Criteria in Determining the Existence
of Insanity:
a. Delusion test
b. Irresistible Impulse Test
c. Right and wrong test
Test Distinguishable Test in Plea of
Insanity
a. Test of Cognition complete deprivation of
intelligence
b. Test of volition total
deprivation of the freedom
of the will
Blockheads - person deficient in
understanding and mental
pachyderm.
Imbecile person marked by
mental deficiency
Insane one who has unsound mind
or suffers from mental disorder.
B. People with Suicidal
Tendencies
Classes of Suicide
a. Altruistic Suicide where a
person takes his life with the
idea that by doing so, he will
benefit others
b. Egoistic (egocentric) Suicide
where the suicide lacks
support group
c. Anomic Suicide the individual
feels lost or normless in
the face of situations where
the values of a society or
group are confused or break
down
C. Children

Talk with the parents or


guardians of the child
Double check information
gathered from him
Do NOT ask leading questions
D. Interviewing Older Adults
a. Listen intently
b. Ask simple, straightforward
questions
c. Be in control of the
interview
d. Do not underestimate your
ability to understand
e. Listen to the older persons
view of the situation
Chapter X
Legal Counseling
Basis of Legal Counseling
A. Constitution
a. Art III, Sec 12 (1) Any
person under investigation
for the commission of an
offense shall have the right
to be informed of his right
to remain silent and to have
competent and
independent counsel
preferably of his own
choice. If the person cannot
afford the services of
counsel, he must be
provided with one. These
rihts cannot be waived
except in writing and in
thee presence of counsel.
b. Art. III, Sec 14 (2) In all
criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall be presumed
innocent until the contrary
is proved, and shall enjoy
the right to be heard by
himself and counsel xxx
B. Revised Rules of Court

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

10

a. Rule 7, Sec. 5 Signature and


address of attorney. The
signature of an attorney
constitutes a certificate by him
that he has read the pleading;
that to the best of his
knowledge, information and
belief, there is good ground to
support it, and that is not
interposed for delay. For a
willful violation of this rule, an
attorney may be subjected to
appropriate disciplinary action.
b. Rule 112, Sec 11 At any time
during the proceedings
referred to in the preceding
section, the defendant, if he so
requests, shall be allowed to
have the services of an
attorney. For this purpose, the
judge or corresponding officer
may require any peace officer
to deliver any message from
the defendant to any attorney
requesting the latters
services.
c. Rule 112, Sec. 16 During
preliminary investigation, the
accused shall have the right to
be represented by counsel.
d. Rule 113, Sec. 18 Right of
attorney to visit the person
arrested He shall have the
right to visit and confer with
the client in jail or any place of
custody at any hour of the day
or in urgent cases, of the
night.
e. Rule 115 Right of the
defendant Sec 1 (a). The
right to have an attorney at
every stage of the proceedings
from arraignment to
promulgation of judgment.

f. Rule 116, Sec. 3, 4, and 5


Arraignment He must be
informed of his right to an
attorney before arraignment
and if none counsel de oficio
must be appointed and he
must have an opportunity for
time to prepare for trial.
g. Rule 124, Sec. 2 Appointment
of attorney de oficio for the
defendant
h. Rule 138, Sec. 20 Duties of
attorneys - It is the duty of an
attorney: (c) to counsel or
maintain such actions or
proceedings only as appear to
him to be just, and such
defenses only as he believes to
be honestly debatable under
the law.
i. Code of Professional
Responsibility
Preliminary Matters
1. It is the lawyers duty as a
member of the Bar to abstain
from all offensive personality and
to advance no fact prejudicial to
the honor or reputation of a party
or witness, unless required by the
justice of cause with which he is
charged.
2. Attorneys must continue to
adhere to the standards of mental
and moral fitness set up for the
practice of law.
3. When the lawyers integrity is
challenged by evidence, he must
meet the issue and overcome the
evidence for the relator and show
proofs that he still maintains the
highest degree of morality and
integrity, which at all times is
expected of him.

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

11

4. An attorney owes loyalty to his


client not only in the case in
which he has represented him but
also after the relation of attorney
and client has terminated.
5. A lawyer is guilty of carelessness
or negligence for presenting
evidence containing false
statement even though he had no
knowledge that it contained false
statements.
6. It is the burden duty of the lawyer
to inform his client whether his
case is meritorious or not.
7. An active participation of a lawyer
on ones partys affairs in a case
in which he is alsos the counsel of
the opposing party is brazenly
unethical and should be
condemned.
8. A lawyer is prohibited to purchase
property in litigation from his
client.
9. Failure of counsel to live up to
exacting standard of candor and
honesty in preparation of
pleadings may be punished.
10.
A legal counsel is expected
to defend a clients cause but not
at the expense of truth and
defiance of laws.
11.
It is the duty of the counsel
to receive notices addressed to
the client and see to it that his
client is informed of said notice.
12.
A lawyer who advices that
the spouses can live separately
from bed and board through a
document is contrary to law,
morals, and public policy.
13.
Assisting a client in a
scheme a lawyer knows to be
dishonest justifies disbarment of
an attorney.
14.
Lawyers are admonished
not to commence litigations that

for sheer lack of merit do not


deserve the attention of the
courts.
15.
Attorneys are bound to
advice their clients not to make
untenable claims
16.
Negligence of counsel is
binding on the client just as the
latter is bound by the mistakes of
his lawyer.
17.
A lawyer should present
every remedy or defense
authorized law in support of his
clients cause, regardless of his
own personal vies.
18.
Any lawyer who assumes
responsibility for a clients cause
has the duty to know h entire
history of the case.
19.
A lawyer must serve his
client with competence and
diligence and failure to do so
violates Canon 18 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility.
20.
A man of the law should
never use his legal expertise and
influence in order to frighten or
coerce anyone especially the
ordinary man who looks up to him
for justice.
Stereotypes and role descriptions
of a legal counselor:
1. Gladiator or a hired gun classic
lawyer role
2. High priest
3. Business person
4. Professional
Kinds of Legal Counseling
1. Directive Counseling
2. Non-directive Counseling
3. Semi-directive Counseling
Approaches to Legal Counselling
1. Formal Counselling

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

12

2. Informal Counselling
The Form of Advice
A. General statement of relevant law
B. Applying the law and
jurisprudence directly to the
clients case
C. Present other alternatives to the
client
D. Problems in Giving Advice
1. Use of jargon
2. Problems for clients in
receiving and
understanding advice
3. Rehearsal and the lawyers
part
4. Remembering
5. Achieving Compliance
Counselling Difficult Clients and
How to Handle Them
1. Clients who are extremely
indecisive
2. A client who insists upon the
lawyers opinion
3. A client who has already reached
a decision
4. A client who is fond of appealing
hopeless cases
Counsequences
Rule 15.05. A lawyer when advising
his client, shall give a candid and
honest opinion on the merits and
probable results of the clients case
neither overstating nor understating the
prospects of the case.
Legal Consequence refers to the
legal status in which the client will be
placed should the client follow a
particular course of action
Non-legal Consequence refers to
the economic, social, and psychological

results that will arise upon choosing a


given course of action.
CANON 17 - A lawyer owes fidelity to
the cause of his client and he shall be
mindful of the trust and confidence
reposed in him.
CANON 21 - A lawyer shall preserve
the confidence and secrets of his client
even after the attorney-client relation is
terminated.
Rule 21.01 - A lawyer shall not reveal
the confidences or secrets of his client
except;
(a) When authorized by the client
after acquainting him of the
consequences of the disclosure;
(b) When required by law;
(c) When necessary to collect his
fees or to defend himself, his
employees or associates or by
judicial action.
Rule 21.02 - A lawyer shall not, to the
disadvantage of his client, use
information acquired in the course of
employment, nor shall he use the
same to his own advantage or that of
a third person, unless the client with
full knowledge of the circumstances
consents thereto.
Rule 21.03 - A lawyer shall not,
without the written consent of his
client, give information from his files
to an outside agency seeking such
information for auditing, statistical,
bookkeeping, accounting, data
processing, or any similar purpose.
Rule 21.04 - A lawyer may disclose the
affairs of a client of the firm to
partners or associates thereof unless
prohibited by the client.
Rule 21.05 - A lawyer shall adopt such
measures as may be required to

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

13

prevent those whose services are


utilized by him, from disclosing or
using confidences or secrets of the
clients.
Rule 21.06 - A lawyer shall avoid
indiscreet conversation about a

client's affairs even with members of


his family.
Rule 21.07 - A lawyer shall not reveal
that he has been consulted about a
particular case except to avoid
possible conflict of interest.

Legal Counseling |Patricia Immaya B. Domingo

14

You might also like