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#SEU12
Introduction
Mark Sherman
sherman.mark@siemens.com
610-458-6502
BS Aerospace and Ocean Engineering
Virginia Tech
Boeing Helicopter
GE Astro Space
Joined FEMAP (Enterprise Software
Products, Inc. 1992 )
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FEMAP History
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FEMAP
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Quality
Material Cost
Weight
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Siemens PLM Software began the first commercial offering of FEM software with
the introduction of SDRC SuperTab in the 1970s.
Siemens continues to support the analysis community with Femap and NX CAE
pre/post-processors.
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The Solution
Consider a single degree of freedom system a simple spring:
Apply the following conditions to generate a system of simultaneous equations
where displacements are the unknowns:
Equilibrium of forces and moments
Ku=P
(static analysis)
Stress-strain relations
K: spring stiffness
P: applied load
u: displacement
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With many elements and nodal dofs, a matrix approach to the solution is
adopted
ka
ka =
kb
2
k21 k22
Kgg =
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ka11
ka12
ka21
ka22 + kb22
kb23
kb32
kb33
Siemens AG 2012. All Rights Reserved.
Siemens PLM Software
Kgg =
ka
-ka
-ka
ka + kb
-kb
-kb
kb
nxn
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Small Deformation
Maximum Displacement much smaller
than characteristic dimensions of the
part being studied, i.e. displacement
much less than the thickness of the
part
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Solution accuracy
Hardware resources
Solution time
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Element Basics
Choose elements to represent the real structure behavior
Rod Element: Axial and Torsion Stiffness only (pin connected truss)
Beam : Classic Euler-Bernoulli Beam depending on property options used
Shear effects, shear center offset, etc can be included, user must understand the
defaults and options to ensure proper behavior is included
Plate/Shell : Started with Kirchhoff and Mindlin theories but now many different
tweaks and modifications included to improve accuracy.
When elements of different types connect, user must be aware of potential
compatibility problems and use special modeling techniques as needed.
Examples: beams connecting normal to plates, plates connecting to solids
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Finite Elements 0D
Scalar Elements
Springs
Node to node axial or torsional
Dampers
Node to node axial or torsional
Mass
Point masses can be used to represent additional mass and inertia in the structure
that is non-structural or where modeling detail is not required
Rigid Elements
Can be used to represent rigid connections within the model
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Finite Elements 1D
Line Elements
Rod
Uniaxial tension compression and
torsion no bending or shear loads
Used to model pin-ended truss
structures
Bar/Beam
A regular beam that carries axial,
torsion, bending and shear loads
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Finite Elements 2D
Quad4 / Tria3
Isoparametric 3/4 noded
triangular/quadrilateral
Quad8 / Tria6
Higher order isoparametric 6/8 noded
triangular/quadrilateral
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Finite Elements 3D
Solid Elements
Used to fill and model solid volumes
Hexa
Regular hexahedral elements
Penta
Pentrahedral used to mesh transitions
Tetra
Tetrahedral elements can be generated fully
automatically on solids
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Displacements
Load Paths
Stress
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Use the
Displacements
Load Paths
Stress
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Important Guidelines
Linear Analysis is small displacement, small angle theory
Must use nonlinear analysis if the displacement changes the stiffness or loads
Pressure loads on flat surfaces, have no membrane component unless nonlinear large
displacement solution performed.(load carried by bending stiffness only)
Linear contact is a misnomer, contact condition is iterative solution, but no other nonlinear
effects are considered.
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Important Guidelines
Finite Element Analysis is an Approximate Solution to a Complicated
Problem :
Therefore, Sound Engineering Judgment is Required
Our Answers are only as good as the assumptions we make
Common sources for analysis uncertainty:
Numerical round off (usually small)
FEM : mesh density, element formulation, element connections
Boundary conditions
Loads and environments seen by the structure
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Inside Corners
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Just this little section is 565,405 Nodes 275,558 Elements and theres
only one element through the thickness
Full Model would be billions
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SE Simulation FEMAP
Model Size Limitations when one has to idealize a structure beyond
the Solid, Shell and Beam Elements available in SE Simulation
Modeling Limitations
Composite Laminates
Nonlinear Geometry - Large
Displacements
Nonlinear Materials - outside
the elastic range, or non-elastic
materials (rubber).
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Request responses
between 0.0 and 30.0,
every 0.2 Hz
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Overview - Discussion
To get good results, accurately model your structure
Material Properties, linear, non-linear
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Contact Information
Mark A. Sherman
sherman.mark@siemens.com
610-458-6502
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Thank You!
Questions?
#SEU12