INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Partial fulfillment of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Submitted by
AARTI SABOO
1201310079
Underwent at
JULLENDER MOTOR AGENCY, KOLKATA
Submitted to

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Department of Software Engineering
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SRM UNIVERSITY
(Under section 3of UGC Act, 1956)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203
Kancheepuram District

JUNE 2016

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that AARTI SABOO of IV Year B.Tech Software Engineering

REG NO. 1201310079 has completed her Industrial Training during the academic
year 2016-2017 as partial fulfillment of the B.Tech course.

<<Signature of the Course Coordinator>>

SIGNATURE

<<Signature of the HOD>>

SIGNATURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter

Contents
Abstract

Introduction to the Company

1.1 Nature of business of the company

Industrial Training
2.1 Industrial Training at a Glance
2.2 Details about important areas

Android Development
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Foundation
3.3 Software Stack
3.4 Development tools
3.5 Versions and Updates
3.6 Market share of android
3.7 Implementation

Conclusion
4.1 Summary
4.2 Personal Experience

Page No

ABSTRACT
As a part of my B-Tech curriculum, I gathered a first-hand experience in
ANDROID DEVELOPMENT with JULLENDER MOTOR AGENCY(JMA).
At JMA, I got a better understanding of the core concepts of android, its major
features, scope of android in market presently and in future along with a rich
exposure to the software industry in development area.
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and
currently developed by Google. Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile
devices in more than 190 countries around the world. It's the largest installed base
of any mobile platform and growing fastevery day another million users power
up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games, and
other digital content. Android gives you a world-class platform for creating apps
and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for
distributing to them instantly. Android applications are primarily written in the
Java programming language. During development the developer creates the
Android specific configuration files and writes the application logic in the Java
programming language.

Google offers the Google Play service, a marketplace in which programmers can
offer their Android applications to Android users. Customers use the Google
Play application which allows them to buy and install applications from the
Google Play service.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
1.1 NATURE OF BUSINES AND ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRY
JULLENDER MOTOR AGENCY(JMA) (JMA) is an optional industry-recognized
certification for those pursuing a career path in IT infrastructure, database design,
or software development. HCL is an entry point to IT certification and job
preparation. It enhances the IT career path by rendering an increased and solid
understanding of IT fundamentals and validating core knowledge. It also provides
an exposure to the current scenarios in the software industry to all its associates.
Through its IT curriculum, students are given the opportunity to explore IT pro and
Software Development careers choosing a specialized path.
JMA CDC is a owned subsidiary of JMA Infosystems Ltd. It covers the entire
spectrum of education and training requirements across universities, colleges,
individuals and enterprises. Career Development Centre (CDC) is the training arm
of JMA Learning Ltd. It offers a complete spectrum of quality training programs
and various other new-age courses as per the trends & demands of the industry.

2 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
2.1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT A GLANCE
The industrial training continued for a period of 30 days which saw 8 hours of
sessions per week under the able guidance and supervision of the trainer well
versed in android development along with his team of 3 assistants to monitor every
trainee.
A certification was rendered for authentication when the training was completed
and the performance during the training period was evaluated on the basis of the
internal test conducted by JMA for all trainees of the course.

2.2 IMPORTANT AREAS COVERED IN TRAINING

The android operating system
Android architecture
Android development tools
Security and permissions
Installation
Android device emulator and virtual devices
Parts of an android application

CHAPTER 2: ANDROID DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION
FOUNDATION
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
SOFTWARE STACK
VERSIONS AND UPDATES
MARKET SHARE OF ANDROID OS
IMPLEMENTATION

1 INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and
currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct
manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces
for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches
(Android Wear).
The OS uses touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like
swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen
objects, and a virtual keyboard. Despite being primarily designed for
touchscreen input, it also has been used in game consoles, digital cameras,
and other electronics.
Android is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made,
low-cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices. Android's
open nature has encouraged a large community of developers and
enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a foundation for communitydriven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android
to devices which were officially released running other operating systems.
The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as
part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies.
Androids openness has made it a favorite for consumers and developers
alike, driving strong growth in app consumption. Android users download
more than 1.5 billion apps and games from Google Play each month. With
its partners, Android is continuously pushing the boundaries of hardware and
software forward to bring new capabilities to users and developers. For
developers, Android innovation lets you build powerful, differentiated
applications that use the latest mobile technologies.

2 FOUNDTION OF ANDROID
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy
Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire
Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White
(headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin's
words "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location
and preferences".
Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005; key employees of
Android Inc., including Rubin, Miner, and White, stayed at the company
after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at the time,
but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone
market with this move.
On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of
technology companies including Google, device manufacturers such
as HTC, Sony and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and TMobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments,
unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile devices.
That day, Android was unveiled as its first product, a mobile
device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.25. The first
commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream,
released on October 22, 2008.
In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices a line of smartphones
and tablets running the Android operating system, and built by
manufacturing partners. HTC collaborated with Google to release the first
Nexus smartphone, the Nexus One. Google has since updated the series with
newer devices, such as the Nexus 5 phone (made by LG) and
the Nexus 7 tablet (made by Asus). Google releases the Nexus phones and
tablets to act as their flagship Android devices, demonstrating Android's
latest software and hardware features.

2.1 OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE (OHA)

The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a consortium of 84 firms to
develop open standards for mobile devices. Member firms
include Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas
Instruments, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, Mobile, Sprint, NVidia,
and Wind River Systems.

The OHA was established on 6 November 2007, led by Google with 47

members including mobile handset makers, application developers, some
mobile carriers and chip makers. Android, the flagship software of the
alliance, is based on an open source license and has competed against mobile
platform
from
Apple,
Microsoft, Nokia (Symbian), HP (formerly Palm), Samsung
Electronics / Intel (Tizen, bada), and BlackBerry.

2.2 MAJOR OHA PARTNERS

3 ANDROID DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

3.1 ANDROID SDK
The Android Software Development Kit (Android SDK) contains the
necessary tools to create, compile and package Android applications. Most
of these tools are command line based. The primary way to develop Android
applications is based on the Java programming language.

3.2 ANDROID DEBUG BRIDGE (ADB)

The Android SDK contains the Android debug bridge (adb), which is a tool
that allows you to connect to a virtual or real android device, for the purpose
of managing the device or debugging your application.

3.3 ANDROID DEVELOPER TOOLS

The Android Developer Tools (ADT) are based on the Eclipse IDE. ADT is a
set of components (plug-ins), which extend the Eclipse IDE with Android
development capabilities. Both IDEs contain all required functionality to
create, compile, debug and deploy Android applications. They also allow the
developer to create and start virtual Android devices for testing.

3.4 ANDROID RUNTIME (ART)

With Android 4.4, Google introduced the Android Run Time (ART) as
optional runtime for Android 4.4. It is uses as default runtime for all
Android versions after 4.4. ART uses Ahead of Time compilation. During
the deployment process of an application on an Android device, the
application code is translated into machine code. This results in approx.
30% larger compile code, but allows faster execution from the beginning of
the application. This also saves battery life, as the compilation is only done
once, during the first start of the application.

4 ANDROID SOFTWARE STACK

The Android stack, as the folks over at Google call it, has a number of layers, and
each layer groups together several programs.
Following are the different layers in the Android stack:

Linux Kernel Layer

Native Layer
Application Framework Layer
Applications layer

 KERNEL LAYER

At the bottom of the Android stack is the Linux Kernel. It never really interacts
with the users and developers, but is at the heart of the whole system. Its
importance stems from the fact that it provides the following functions in the
Android system:
Hardware Abstraction
Memory Management Programs
Security Settings
Power Management Software
Other Hardware Drivers (Drivers are programs that control hardware
devices.)
Support for Shared Libraries
Network Stack

NATIVE LIBRARIES LAYER

The next layer in the Android architecture includes Androids native libraries.
Libraries carry a set of instructions to guide the device in handling different types
of data. For instance, the playback and recording of various audio and video
formats is guided by the Media Framework Library.
Open Source Libraries:
Surface Manager: composing windows on the screen
SGL: 2D Graphics
Open GL|ES: 3D Library
Media Framework: Supports playbacks and recording of various
audio, video and picture formats.
Free Type: Font Rendering
Web Kit: Browser Engine
libc (System C libraries)
SQLite
Open SSL

ANDROID RUNTIME LAYER

Located on the same level as the libraries layer, the Android runtime layer includes
a set of core Java libraries as well. Android application programmers build their
apps using the Java programming language. It also includes the Dalvik Virtual
Machine.

DALVIK VIRTUAL MACHINE

Dalvik is open-source software. Dan Bornstein, who named it after the fishing
village of Dalvk in Eyjafjrur, Iceland, where some of his ancestors lived,
originally wrote Dalvic VM. It is the software responsible for running apps on
Android devices.

It is a Register based Virtual Machine.

It is optimized for low memory requirements.
It has been designed to allow multiple VM instances to run at once.
Relies on the underlying OS for process isolation, memory management and
threading support.

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK LAYER

Our applications directly interact with these blocks of the Android architecture.
These programs manage the basic functions of phone like resource management,
voice call management etc.
Important blocks of Application Framework:

Activity Manager: Manages the activity life cycle of applications.

Content Providers: Manage the data sharing between applications. Our

Post on Content Provider component describes this in greater detail

Telephony Manager: Manages all voice calls. We use telephony manager if

we want to access voice calls in our application.

Location Manager: Location management, using GPS or cell tower

Resource Manager: Manage the various types of resources we use in our

Application

APPLICATION LAYER

The applications are at the topmost layer of the Android stack. An average user of
the Android device would mostly interact with this layer (for basic functions, such

as making phone calls, accessing the Web browser etc.). The layers further down
are accessed mostly by developers, programmers and the likes.
Several standard applications come installed with every device, such as:

SMS client app

Dialer
Web browser
Contact manager

5 VERSIONS AND UPDATES

PRE-COMMERCIAL VERSIONS
Alpha
There were at least two internal releases inside Google and the OHA before the
Beta was released in November 2007. For the milestones in internal releases,
names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro
Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2". Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos,
but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.[6] The project
manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived of the confections naming scheme that has been
used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5.
Beta
The Beta was released on November 5, 2007, while the software development
kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.The November 5 date is popularly
celebrated as Android's "birthday".

 Android 1.5, i.e. Cupcake

Technically Android 1.5 wasn't the first version, but versions before that doesn't
seem to have received any codenames. Stories were told that it was supposed to be
version 1.2, but Google decided to make it a major revision and made it 1.5
instead, and gave it the dessert name "cupcake" as a codename, and that's when the
"dessert series" got started.
A cupcake is a small cake, the size of an individual portion, baked in a cup-shaped
mold, usually served with frosting on top.

Android 1.6, i.e. Donut

Android V1.6, codename Donut, was released in September 2009. It fixed reboot
errors in the OS as well as revamped photo and video features (i.e. camera
interface) and better search integration. It also added support for larger screen size,
and is the first version to offer Google turn-by-turn navigation feature.
Donut is usually defined as a small ring-shaped friedcake, is actually spelled
doughnut, made out of rich, light dough and deep fried, then various sweet coating
can be added. Please don't mistake this with bagel, which is baked, much denser,
and usually salty.

Android 2.0 / 2.1, i.e. Eclair

Android 2.0 was released in October 2009, with a bugfix version 2.0.1 in
December 2009. Android 2.1 was released January of 2010. Most people consider
them a single release. Added features include Bluetooth 2.1 support, flash and
digital zoom for the camera, multi-touch support, live wallpapers, and more.
Eclair the dessert is usually describe as an oblong "cream puff", a baked pastry
with cream filling and chocolate coating on top.

Android 2.2, i.e. Froyo

Android 2.2 mainly improved speed by adopting the Javascript "just-in-time"
compiler engine from the Google browser "Chrome", as well as improved browser
support by adding animated GIF support, Flash 10.1 plug-in support, along with
USB tethering and Wi-Fi Hotspot capability (for those with supporting hardware).

Froyo is actually concatenated from "frozen yogurt", but is also a brand name. It is
a frozen dessert made from yogurt, so it is slightly sourer, but also lower in fat.

Android 2.3, i.e. Gingerbread

Gingerbread man on Google campus has been reported in early November 2010,
and Gingerbread is officially released in December 2010.
On December 7th, 2010, Google officially announced the Nexus S (made by
Samsung) to be released on T-Mobile, the first phone with Android OS 2.3
Gingerbread. SDK has been released. Nexus S has since also appeared on Sprint
and AT&T.
Gingerbread features support for SIP internet calling, NFC wireless transaction
capability (if hardware is present), support for more than one camera, support for
gyroscope and other sensors (barometer, gravimeter, and others are possible),
download manager, some tweaks to allow usage on Tablets, and other system level
tweaks for programmers.
In desserts, gingerbread is basically ginger-flavored "cake" or "cookie". It is often
made to celebrate end-of-year holidays in the US, and often in the shape of a man.

Android 3.0 / 3.1 / 3.2 i.e. Honeycomb

Honeycomb was released in February 2011, and was rapidly followed by 3.1 and
3.2 which only came out in July / August 2011
Android-based tablets should be running 3.X as that will be optimized for tablets,
(implying current Android OS 2.X are not really designed for tablets) That did not
stop a slew of smaller manufacturers as well as Samsung from putting out an army
of Android tablets of various sizes before the end of 2010 with Android 2.X hoping
to catch the Christmas shopping season and success of Apple's iPad.
Motorola Zoom is the first Android 3.X tablet to be released, It has since been
followed by a ton of Tablets.
Dessert-wise... Honeycomb is a sweetened breakfast cereal that has been made
since 1965 by Post Cereals. It consists of honey-flavored corn cereal bits in a
honeycomb shape.

 Android 4.0 i.e Ice Cream Sandwich

It appears now that Honeycomb (3.X) will remain a tablet-only OS, while the
phones will keep getting Gingerbread (2.x) updates until the unified codebase, i.e.
Android OS 4.0, which will be "Ice Cream Sandwich" launch some time in the
future.
And it turns out, the future is... October 2011. Wow, that's fast. I actually said 1218 months just a few months ago. I guess I'll have to eat my words.

Android 4.1: Jelly Bean

It is now certain that next version of Android OS will be named Jelly Bean.
On June 26th, the Jelly Bean mascot (see right) appeared on Google campus, as
reported by the Verge (also visible are Ice Cream Sandwich, Honeycomb, and
Gingerbread).
CNET reported from Google I/O 2012 that Jelly Bean will have "Google Now", AI
assistant that anticipates your needs, better notification than (more interactive), and
more.

Android 4.4: Kit-Kat

Google has JUST announced on 03-SEP-2013 that Android 4.4 will be named Kit
Kat. And apparently the mascot has been delivered and installed on Google
campus! That means this version should be released very soon for the Nexus
devices. Ports to other Android devices will take several months.

6 MARKET SHARE OF ANDROID

Smartphones powered by the Android operating system captured 85% of the
worldwide market in the second quarter, threatening to marginalize rival platforms,
a new survey shows. Strategy Analytics said overall smartphone shipments were
up 27% from a year ago to 295 million, with most of the growth in devices using
Android, the free mobile system from Google. Apple's iPhone managed to
increase sales to 35 million in the quarter, the survey showed, but Apple's global
market share fell to 11.9% from 13.4% a year ago.

The worldwide smartphone market grew 25.3% year over year in the second
quarter of 2014 (2014Q2), establishing a new single quarter record of 301.3
million shipments, according to data from the International Data Corporation
(IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker. This is the first time ever
quarterly smartphone shipments have surpassed the 300 million unit mark,
representing a major milestone for the industry. Following a very strong first
quarter, the market grew 5.2% sequentially, fueled by ongoing demand for mobile
computing and an abundance of low-cost smartphones. Second quarter shipments
were in line with IDC's forecast and all expectations are that the market will
continue apace in the second half of the year and will likely once again surpass 300
million units in 2014Q3.
Android continues to dominate the global smartphone market, with over 255
million units shipped and nearly 85% of the market share in the second quarter of
2014. Most of Android's strength this quarter was fueled by gains in the low

(US$100<US$200) and ultra-low-end (<US$100) of the market, seeing those

categories grow 16.5% sequentially since the first quarter. As expected, Samsung
was the largest vendor of Android-based devices, followed by Huawei, Lenovo and
LG. However, the strength of the top 5 players is weakening, as they collectively
accounted for 54.5% of shipments, down from the top 5 a year ago with 63.0%
share.
iOS experienced a slight drop in market share, down to just 11.7% from 13.0% in
the same quarter last year, representing the growing shift of demand toward lowcost smartphones. Despite the launch of the iPhone 5C to address a wider market
base, most iOS devices remain out of reach for the average consumer. iOS
enthusiasts, however, are eagerly awaiting the next device launch which could help
lead to a much stronger third and fourth quarter, depending on the timing of its
release.
Windows Phone is up slightly from the first quarter, seeing shipments of 7.4
million. However, this represents a drop of 9.4% from the same period last year.
Windows Phone growth continues to come from Nokia, despite a healthy showing
of Android-based Nokia X shipments in second quarter.
Blackberry managed to slightly increase its market share in the second quarter,
although it remains below one percent share. However, this is a good sign for the
struggling smartphone maker, as most of the increase this quarter came from its
BlackBerry 10 devices. This represents only the second quarterly increase for
BlackBerry 10 since its release in 2013.

7 IMPLEMENTATION

SCREENSHOT 1: OPENING OF EMULATOR

SCREENSHOT 2: HOME SCREEN OF EMULATOR

SCREENSHOT 3: OPENING OF APPS SCREEN

SCREENSHOT 4: BASIC INTERFACE

SCREENSHOT 5: TOAST MESSAGE

SCREENSHOT 6: TOAST MESSAGE

CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AT TRAINING

1 SUMMARY

Android delivers a complete set of software for mobile devices: an operating

system, middleware and key mobile applications.
Android was built from the ground-up to enable developers to create compelling
mobile applications that take full advantage of all a handset has to offer. It was
built to be truly open. For example, an application can call upon any of the phones
core functionality such as making calls, sending text messages, or using the
camera, allowing developers to create richer and more cohesive experiences for
users. Android is built on the open Linux Kernel. Furthermore, it utilizes a custom
virtual machine that was designed to optimize memory and hardware resources in a
mobile environment. Android is open source; it can be liberally extended to
incorporate new cutting edge technologies as they emerge. The platform will
continue to evolve as the developer community works together to build innovative
mobile applications.
Android does not differentiate between the phones core applications and thirdparty applications. They can all be built to have equal access to a phones
capabilities providing users with a broad spectrum of applications and services.
With devices built on the Android Platform, users are able to fully tailor the phone
to their interests. They can swap out the phone's home screen, the style of the
dialer, or any of the applications. They can even instruct their phones to use their
favorite photo viewing application to handle the viewing of all photos.
Android breaks down the barriers to building new and innovative applications. For
example, a developer can combine information from the web with data on an
individuals mobile phone such as the users contacts, calendar, or geographic
location to provide a more relevant user experience. With Android, a developer
can build an application that enables users to view the location of their friends and
be alerted when they are in the vicinity giving them a chance to connect.
Android provides access to a wide range of useful libraries and tools that can be
used to build rich applications. For example, Android enables developers to obtain
the location of the device, and allows devices to communicate with one another
enabling rich peertopeer social applications. In addition, Android includes a full
set of tools that have been built from the ground up alongside the platform
providing developers with high productivity and deep insight into their
applications.

2 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AT TRAINING

I had a very comprehensive learning experience during my training sessions in
android development. The training introduced me to android and technology and
also gave me insights of the basic core concepts of development in android
operating systems. I learned to develop robust programs and applications more
quickly using any platform. Enrolling in this training has enhanced my skill set to
gain a competitive edge over others.
Thus the training programme helped me to have a thorough familiarity and
knowledge of the core concepts of android required for development of any major
project and rendered me with new dimensions of IT industry.