Xay Dung Ke Hoach Haccp Cho Quy Trinh San Xuat Banh Bong Lan

N TT NGHIP
GVHD :GS.TSKH Nguyn Trng Cn

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGH TP. HCM
KHA LUN TT NGHIP
XY DNG K HOCH HACCP CHO QUY TRNH SN XUT

BNH BNG LAN CUN KEM
Ngnh: CNG NGH THC PHM

Chuyn ngnh: CNG NGH THC PHM
GVHD: GS.TSKH Nguyn Trng Cn

SVTH : Nguyn Th M Tuyn
MSSV: 1091101213
Lp: 10HTP3
TP. H Ch Minh, 2012
1
Lp : 10HTP3
Chng 1: Tng quan v HACCP

1.1.Gii thiu v Cng ty C phn Thc phm xanh.
1.1.1.Gii thiu
- Tn doanh nghip: CNG TY C PHN THC PHM XANH
( GREEN FOODS )
- Vn phng giao dch: Kho B, Ch Bnh in, Nguyn Vn Linh, Khu
Ph 6, Phng 7, Qun 8. Tp HCM
- M s thu: 0304647871
- Email: gfoods_co@yahoo.com
- in thoi: T: (08) 3886 9963 FAX: (08) 3886 9971
Hnh 1.1: Cng ty c phn Thc phm xanh

1.1.2.Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin
- Trong 17 nm tn ti v pht trin cng ty tr thnh mt thng hiu c uy tnh
trong gii kinh doanh thc phm
2
- Nm 1995, cng ty TNHH thc phm xanh thnh lp khi u l mt xng sn xut s
ch rau qu nh, ng ti Ph Lm Qun 6- Tp HCM, vi tng s vn u t l 500 triu
VN, cng nhn vin 14 ngi. Ban u cng ty sn xut v kinh doanh cc mt hng rau qu
thc phm ti sng v cc mt hng thit yu ch yu cung cp cho cc cng ty ln .
- Nm 1997, cng ty tng vn u t ln 1.5t VN v bt u nhp thm thc phm
Hn Quc v Vit Nam phn phi li cho cc nh hng, x nghip, khch sn, c quan v cc
cng ty Hn Quc.
- Nm 2000, cng ty mua 2 heta t nng nghip 769 Quc L 20, Lin Ngha, c
Trng ,Lm ng v thnh lp vn phng . Ti y cng ty thu nhn cng tin hnh
trng cc loi rau c qu nh: C ci Hn Quc ln (nh), su ho, c ci trng, t xanh dy ..
- Nm 2001, cng ty tip tc pht trin m rng mng kinh doanh v cung cp xut n
cng nghip cho cc x nghip ln Ty Ninh , Bnh Dng..
- Ngy 1/10/2002, cng ty chnh thc chuyn t cng ty TNHH Thc phm xanh sang
hnh thc cng ty c phn thc phm xanh v cng ty li tip tc tng vn u t v pht trin.
- Nm 2007, cng ty di v Kho B Ch u Mi Bnh in, phng 7, Qun 8 tin
cho cho vic s ch thc phm gim chi ph i li.
-Nm 2010 tc u t dy chuyn nh sn xut bnh m sandwich, bnh bng lan
cung cp cho cc c s kinh doanh. ng thi cung cp cho cc nh hng , nh bp ca cc
cng ty .
1.1.3. T chc v nhn s ti cng ty :

1.S t chc:
Gim c
Ph Gim c
Khu hnh chnh
P. hnh chnh
P. K thut
P. Kinh doanh
P.KCS
P. K ton
Qun c
u s
n xut
Px. S ch
T sn xut
Px. Bnh m
T sn xut
Px. Bng lan
T sn xut
Hnh 1.2: S t chc cng ty
2. B tr nhn s
Gim c :
- Chu trch nhim v cc mt hot ng ca cng ty trc Hi ng thnh vin v
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php lut hin hnh.

- Chu trch nhim v cng tc i ngoi.
- L ngi quyt nh cc ch trng, chnh sch, mc tiu chin lc ca cng ty.
- Gim st v kim tra tt c cc hot ng v sn xut kinh doanh, u t ca cng ty.
- xut cc chin lc kinh doanh, u t cho Hi ng thnh vin cng ty.
- Trc tip k cc hp ng nhp v xut khu.
- Quyt nh ton b gi c mua bn hng ha vt t thit b.
- Quyt nh ngn sch hot ng cho cc n v v cc phng ban c th trong
cng ty theo k hoch pht trin do hi ng thnh vin ph duyt.
- Gim st ton b h thng hot ng trong cng ty.
Ph gim c
- Nhn ch tiu k hoch sn xut ca cng ty, khai thc ngun hng ngoi th trng.
- Qun l, iu hnh, o to i ng CBCNV, xy dng h thng qun l sn xut v
cht lng sn phm trong phm vi ton cng ty.
- Xy dng mc tiu k hoch sn xut kinh doanh theo qu, nm v m bo li nhun
v vn cng ty u t.
- Quyn k quyt nh b nhim, bi nhim, iu ng nhn s ti cng ty (tr Gim
c cng ty).
- Bo co kt qu tnh hnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty cho Tng Gim
c.
- Xy dng c cu t chc b my iu hnh trong ton cng ty.
- Nghin cu cc bin php gim gi thnh, gim chi ph trong cng ty.
- Chu trch nhim trc Tng gim c v mi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca
cng ty.
Phng hnh chnh
- Tham mu cho gim c v vic t chc lc lng lao ng, tin lng, tham gia
phi hp cng vi bo v bo co kp thi vi gim c cng tc bo v v phng chy cha
chy, t chc thc hin v mt cng tc hnh chnh qun tr.
Phng kinh doanh
- Tham mu cho gim c thc hin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh theo ma v, qu,
thng, nm. Gip gim c trong vic t chc cng tc xut nhp khu hng ha. T chc
kim tra my mc, bo qun hng ha vt t, thnh phm.
Phng ti chnh - k ton
- Tham mu v qun l ti chnh, cc khong thu, chi, thc hin k hoch ti chnh ca
cng ty.
Phng KCS
- Kim tra cht lng nguyn vt liu nhp vo.
- Kim tra cht lng ca thnh phm, bn thnh phm.
- Kim tra quy trnh ng gi ca sn phm.
- Nghim thu v bo qun cht lng sn phm v nguyn liu.
Phng k thut
- T chc kim tra qu trnh sn xut, cht lng sn xut, nh mc k thut, ng dng
ton b k thut vo qu trnh sn xut ca cng ty.
- Kim tra my mc thit b vn hnh trong cng ty.
Qun c
- m bo cht lng sn phm t tiu chun qui nh ngay t khu u tin n khu
cui cng trong quy trnh sn xut.
- Thng xuyn kim im, r sot tm ra cc u khuyt im trong qu trnh thc hin
k hoch sn xut, ra bin php gii quyt kp thi nhng khuyt im cn tn ti trong
phm vi trch nhim quyn hn c giao.
- X l cng vic nghim minh, cng bng, cng khai theo ng ni qui cng ty.
- Gii quyt cc vn v nhn s v sn xut pht sinh ca cc khu sn xut.
- C k hoch o to, bi dng nng cao tay ngh cng nh thc trch nhim trong
cng vic, rn luyn o c tc phong, xy dng i ng cn b cng nhn vin (CBCNV)
vng mnh.
- T chc phn cng b tr cng vic i vi CBCNV ti sn xut hp l, ng vi trnh
, nng lc ca CBCNV thuc quyn.
- Thc hin cc n hng, lnh sn xut theo k hoch ra ca phng sn xut ng tin
.
- Phi hp cng KCS gii quyt cc s c pht sinh v cht lng trong sn xut.
- Qun l my mc, bo tr my mc theo nh k.
- Kim tra, ch o vic thc hin chng trnh v sinh 5S ti sn xut. m bo tt cng
tc PCCC, trt t an ton lao ng ti sn xut.
- T chc hp giao ban sn xut hng tun nhm mc ch kim im cng tc sn xut
trong tun v ra phng hng thc hin trong thi gian ti.
1.1.4. S mt bng nh my :
Hinh 1.3: S mt bng nh my
1.1.5. Cc sn phm ca cng ty c phn Thc Phm Xanh

Sn phm chnh :
- Kinh doanh cc sn phm thc phm ti sng, cc mt hng kh
Vit Nam.
Hnh 1.4 : Thc phm Vit Nam

Kinh doanh cc sn phm thc phm nhp khu t Hn Quc cung cp cho cc nh
hng, cng ty .
Chuyn cung cp cc xut n cng nghip cho cc x nghip .
Sn phm ph :
Sn xut bnh Bng lan, bnh m sandwich..
Hnh 1.5 : Sn phm bnh

1.1.6.An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy
1.1.6.1. Cc quy nh chung v an ton lao ng
- m bo cho cng nhn khi sn xut th bt buc cc nguyn tc trong an ton lao
ng cn c tun th nghim ngt.
- Trong thi gian my ang chy, cng nhn khng c t b my d my hot ng
ch t ng.
- My mc c lin quan n in cn c ni t an ton, lun c kim tra, bo
qun chc chn cch in, cch nhit tt. Tt c b phn chuyn ng, dy ai u c h
thng che, chn v c kim tra nh k.
- Khong cch gia cc thit b phn xng, gia thit b vi tng, trn nh, nn nh
c sp xp hp l.
- H thng in r rng, t ng ni quy nh d dng thc hin cc thao tc.
- Cng nhn mc ng phc phi ng quy cch. Tin hnh cng vic theo ng quy
trnh cng ngh, vn hnh my mc, thit b cho ng thao tc cho tng loi. Thc hin
nghim chnh cc quy tc thit b, an ton phng chy cha chy v v sinh cng nghip, c
thc bo v ti sn trong phn xng.
- Trc khi tin hnh kim tra, sa cha thit b phi tt cu dao in ngng my v
treo bng bo ti cu dao. Khi ng tc in tay phi kh ro hoc dng nhng dng c cch
in bo v an ton.
- Khi cho my vn hnh phi lun ng v tr an ton, khng ng gn cu dao in
hay cc b phn chuyn ng nguy him.
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- Khi lm vic khng c a gin, cn phi i ng cn thn cc khu vc ang sn

xut v cc khu vc ang sa cha. Nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh trong xng sn
xut nh: cm ht thuc, cm la
- Khi tin hnh v sinh thit b v nh xng khng c xi nc ln dy in v cu
dao in.
- Cn phi bo dng kim tra, sa cha cc thit b, v sinh thit b v nh xng vo
cui ca hoc hng tun.
- Kp thi bo cho ngi c trch nhim khi c s c hoc cc trng hp khng an ton.
1.1.6.2. Quy nh chung cho cc cng nhn trong cng ty
- Hng nm t chc khm sc khe nh k cho tt c cc cn b, nh k cho tt c cc
cng nhn vin m bo sc khe lm vic.
- Tt c cng nhn phi thc hin ng theo hng dn cng vic v ni qui v sinh
ban hnh.
- Cng nhn nu b bnh truyn nhim phi bo ngay ch trng trc khi vo v tr sn
xut c phn cng thch hp.
- Khng c mang thc n vo khu vc sn xut, khng c n ung, ht thuc, ho
khc c th ly nhim n ni sn xut v t bit l sn phm.
- Trong khi vo sn xut phi mc ng bo h lao ng c nhn theo tng khu vc sn
xut.
1.1.6.3. Cc bin php chung v an ton khi s dng in
- Khi xy dng mng li in cng trnh cn m bo li ng lc v chiu sang
lm vic ring l, c kh nng ngt in ton b ph ti trong phm vi tng hn mc cng trnh
hay mt khu vc sn xut.
- Cc ng dy in phi c bao bc k che chn cc thit b in c in th nguy
him, trm bin p phi c ro chn bo v v c ni t cn thn.
- Thit b in h hng phi c bo co ngay vi nhng ngi c trch nhim,
tuyt i khng c sa cha nu cha thnh tho.
- Tay phi kh ro khi bt cng tc hay vn hnh tht b in.
- Cc cng tc in c ghi r rng cc b phn tt m.
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- Tc c my mc, thit b c cng tc ngt in trong cng mt phng v trong tm nhn.

- Phch cm in lun c tho ra trc khi sa cha hay lm v sinh.
- Nhng dy in c lp t xa ng i, trnh xa hi nng.
- Vic tho lp sa cha cc thit b in phi giao cho cng nhn c trnh chuyn
mn v k thut an ton in thc hin.
1.1.6.4. Phng chy, cha chy
- Cng tc phng chy cha chy, cha chy phi c kim tra nghim ngt phng
tin phng chy cha chy c trang b y v bo dng, b sung thng xuyn .Tt
c cng nhn vin phi c hc qua lp cn bn v phng chy cha chy.
- Trong cc phn xng u c t bnh CO2 cha chy v tr thun tin.
- Nh my c trang b y cc thit b cha chy nh than, ct, h thng nc dng
cho vic cha chy
- Cc dy chuyn sn xut trong phn xng c sp xp sao cho cng nhn c li thot
khi xy ra s c.
- ng giao thng trong nh my rng, trong cc phn xng c nhiu ca ra vo
thun tin cho vic cha chy.
- Kho nguyn liu c xy khu vc ring v c kim tra thng xuyn.
- t nhng bin bo cm la ni cn thit.
- Khng cc cht d chy n trong phng lm vic, nh kho, gara
- Trong khu vc kho, cc thit b in, cu dao, cu ch, dy dn in phi lun m bo
tt, nu h hng phi kp thi bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim sa cha. Khng c
t sa cha in.
- Ht gi lm vic phi ng tc c cc cu dao in.
- Khng tp trung gi lau dnh du m ti ni c yu t nguy him d chy n nh c
xng, du v nhng ni d pht sinh ra nhit cao.
- Cc phng tin, dng c cha chy phi ni d thy, d ly, khng c s dng
vo vic khc.
- Khi pht hin chy d ln hay nh phi lp tc pht tn hiu bo ng, bnh tnh, nhanh
chng dng nhng phng tin cha chy cu cha. Cn b, cng nhn vin phi nhanh
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chng v v tr phn cng cha chy, nghim chnh chp hnh mnh lnh ca qun c khi
cu cha. Nu m chy nghim trng th gi in cu ha khn cp 114.
- Nhng quy nh trn c cng nhn vin cng ty thc hin nghim tc, thng qua
vic gim st cht ch v hnh thc chm im thi ua. Nh , n nay cng ty cha xy ra s
c v chy n ng k.
1.1.7 .X l ph thi , nc thi , kh thi v v sinh cng nghip
1.1.7.1.X l ph thi
- phng s ch rau c
Cc sn phm ph thi t rau c qu nh v, nhng phn khng s dng c . Cng ty tin
hnh bn li cho dn a phng: nhng ngi nui c, chn nui gia sc vi quy m ln
m bo lng ph thi c ti s dng hp l.
Yu cu ca ph thi :
Ph thi phi m bo cn s dng c cho gia sc.
An ton khng c hi an ton cho gia sc
- Phng sn xut bnh m sandwich, bnh bng lan
Ph thi :
Gm bt khng t tiu chun.

Bnh vn nt khng ti s dng c.
Bnh kht, khng t chun
Cch x l :
Bn li cho cc ni chn nui cho vt nui n .
1.1.7.2. Nc thi
Ngun gc: Nc thi c thi ra t phng s ch nguyn liu , phng lm
bnh .
Thnh phn :
Nc thi sn xut bnh c nng nhim kh cao, ch yu l cc cht hu c, cn
l lng v cc ht cht lng (du, m). Hm lng N v P trong nc thi gy nn hin tng
ph dng ha ngun tip nhn nc thi, lm thiu oxy trong nc, nh hng n i sng
cc thy sinh vt, xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh cc cht hu c trong nc, gy mi hi
thi. Cc cht l lng trong nc gy c cho ngun nc tip nhn. Cc cht bo to lp
vng trn mt nc, gy thiu oxy trong nc gy mi kh chu. Ngoi ra nc thi cn cha
mt s cht ty ra t qu trnh v sinh nh, my mc, thit b Nng nhim c trng
ca nc thi bnh ko th hin c th bng sau:
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Bng 1.1 : Cht lng nc thi bnh ko
- Do h thng cng ty nh nn hu nh nc thi khng c x l m thi ra cng .

Vn x l nc thi do ban qun l ch x l.
1.1.7.3.Yu cu v sinh ti khu vc sn xut v v sinh cng nghip
1. i vi khu vc sn xut
a. V tr
- Khu vc sn xt phi b tr cch xa khu vc nhim.
- ng i trong khu vc phi m bo v sinh, li i phi v sinh.
b. Thit k
- Khu vc sn xut ch bin thc phm phi tit k theo quy tc mt chiu t nguyn liu
u vo n nguyn liu u ra,
- Nh v sinh c h thng gi kh ro, trnh m ca trc tip vo khu vc sn xut.
- Rc v cht thi c b phn thu gom bng li sau ring bit.
c. Cu trc
- Phi c b tr ph hp v thun tin trong vic sn xut cng nh vic p dng cc
bin php x l, v sinh.
d. H thng thng gi
- Hng h thng thng gi m bo khng thi gi t khu vc nhim bn sang khu
sch.
e. H thng chiu sng
- nh hng n s nhn bit mu sc ca sn phm,
- Ni sn xut c cng nh sng khng di 200 lux,
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- n c hp nha bo v v c v sinh theo lch hng tun.

2.Yu cu i vi ngi sn xut
a. Hc tp kin thc v v sinh an ton thc phm
- B phn qun l cht lng sn phm c trch nhim cung cp thng tin kin thc v v
sinh an ton thc phm cho ngi sn xut. Thng xuyn gio gic thc t gic, c ch
thng pht trong sn xut, phi u t trang thit b nh xng.
b. Sc khe ngi sn xut
- Ngi tham gia trc tip sn xut phi kim tra sc khe nh k theo qui nh b y t.
- Nhng ngi mc bnh di truyn theo danh mc qui nh ca b y t khng c tham
gia trc tip vo qu trnh sn xut hay ch bin thc phm.
c. i vi ngi trc tip sn xut
- Ngi trc tip sn xut phi ra tay sch s bng x phng trc v sau khi ch bin,
- Mc trang phc ring, i m eo eo gng tay v khu trang, chn phi mang giy
m bo an ton lao ng.
3. Yu cu i vi thit b sn xut
a. V sinh cng nghip
- V sinh cng nghip l h thng cc bin php v sinh nhm m bo cht lng sn
phm, cc iu kin lao ng tht tt, sc khe cho cng nhn, ng thi khng gy nhim
mi trng .V sinh cng nghip phi c s quan tm v thc hin bi tt c cc thnh vin
trong nh my.
- V mt v sinh an ton thc phm, cng ty cao v nhn hnh thc gi gn v sinh
ti phn xng bng cch thc hin tiu chun 5S vi nhng tiu ch sau:
Sng lc
Sp xp
Sch s
Sn sc
Sn sng
15
- Thc hin dy v hc cho ton b mi ngi trong cng ty cng nh kim tra thng
xuyn vn v sinh ti phn xng vo thi gian mi thng.
- Nhm m bo v sinh cho qui trnh sn xut, cht lng sn phm sc khe ca cng
nhn do d cn phi tun th qui tc v sinh nghim ngt sau:
+ Phi v sinh qut dn, lau chi thit b, dng c v ni sn xut v sau mi ca.
+ Bm du m, bo tr my mc theo nh k.
+ Kho nguyn liu, phng bo qun phi c v sinh sch s.
- khu vc l nng, cc cng on trong qui trnh sn xut phi b tr h thng my
mc lc bi v qut lm mt cc vt dng xe y, cc khay cha nguyn liu, khay ng
bnh phi c st trng v nhng phng cha dng c trnh b tht lc nhim bn.
b. V sinh thit b
- y l cng vic ht sc cn thit m bo an ton v sinh thc phm. Cc dng c
thit b dng trc tip vo sn xut phi thng xuyn c ra sch v st trng theo nh k
qui nh hoc tc v sau khi mi ln thay i sn phm
- Phn xng sn xut lun c lm v sinh sch s tn sn, nn hn ch thp nht s
pht trin ca vi sinh vt
- Doanh nghip thng xuyn lp k hoch tng v sinh thit b, nh xng, kt hp vi
vic tng qut cc dy chuyn sn xut.
- Cc thit b trong cng ngh sn xut thc phm ni chung thng c ch to bng
thp khng r, tin hnh c gii ha, t ng ha dy chuyn snn xut mc ti a.
c. Cng nhn sn xut
- Cc cng nhn trc tip sn xut, hoc ng my phi c trang b bo h lao ng
ph hp vi yu cu ca tng cng vic.
- Cng nhn phi m bo sc khe tt, nhng ngi b bnh c th gy ly nhim cn
c ngh ngi cho n khi ht bnh mi c tr li lm vic. C ch kim tra sc khe
nh k v c tng cng bi dng khi tng ca v theo di nh k.
- Cng nhn cn c trang b cc kin thc c bn v an ton v sinh thc phm.
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1.2.Tm hiu v qun l cht lng thc phm.

1.2.1. Mt s khi nim
1.Thc phm: Thc phm l nhng sn phm dng rn hoc lng m con
ngi dng n, ung nhm tha mn nhu cu, cung cp dinh dng, cung cp nng lng.
2.Cht lng: Cht lng l tp hp cc c tnh hng ha, to cho hng ha
c kh nng tha mn nhu cu c th hoc tm n ca ngi tiu dng.
3. Cht lng thc phm: Cht lng thc phm l tp hp cc c tnh ca
sn phm nhm tha mn nhu cu s dng trong iu kin v kinh t, khoa hc k thut, x hi
nht nh.
4. H thng cht lng
H thng cht lng l tp hp tt c cc nhn t tc ng n cht lng sn
phm trong mt phm vi nht nh.
Cc nhn t tc ng ln cht lng sn phm: qun l t chc, thit b nh my, v
sinh cng nghip, ti chnh khch hng, yu t cng ngh, tay ngh cng nhn, ngun
nguyn
liu.
m bo cht lng lm ra th phi qun l cht lng theo h thng ngha l qun l
tt c cc yu t tc ng ln cht lng bi v ch mt yu t no khng c qun l
u c th gy nh hng n cht lng.
5. Qun l cht lng
Qun l cht lng l tp hp nhng hot ng ca chc nng qun l, xc nh chnh
sch cht lng, quy nh r mc ch, trch nhim v cc bin php thc hin chnh sch .
6. m bo cht lng
m bo cht lng l ton b cc hot ng c k hoch, c h thng c tin hnh
v c chng minh l mc cn thit tin rng hng ha s tha mn y cc yu cu
cht lng t ra.
7. Kim sot cht lng: Kim sot cht lng l nhng hot ng v nhng
k thut mang tnh tc nghip nhm p ng nhu cu cht lng.
8. Kim tra cht lng: Kim tra cht lng l cc hot ng phn tch, o
m nh gi cc ch tiu cht lng sn phm.
9. nh gi cht lng:
nh gi cht lng l s xem xt c lp v h thng c tin hnh nhm xem cc
hot ng m bo cht lng c c thc thi ng quy nh hay khng. Qun l cht lng,
m bo cht lng mang tnh chin lc (l k hoch lu di, khng i). Kim sot cht
17
lng, kim tra cht lng, nh gi cht lng mag tnh sch lc ( l k hoch ngn hn, c
th thay i).
10. Ch tiu cht lng
Ba nhm ch tiu cht lng sn phm :
An ton thc phm: thc phm khng c gy hi cho ngi tiu dng do
c ch bin v tiu dng ng cch. y l yu cu khng th thiu v l yu t hng u
ca thc phm.
Tnh kh dng: l ph hp v cht lng v p ng yu cu ca ngi tiu
dng, bao gm s hp dn v gi tr dinh dng.
Tnh kinh t: l sn phm khng c gy hi v kinh t cho ngi tiu dng
nh: dn nhn sai, thiu khi lng, c sai,....
11. Cc bn lin quan n cht lng
Ba bn lin quan n cht lng:
Ngi tiu dng: lun lun ra yu cu sn phm t cht lng cao, gi
c r.
Nh sn xut: p ng yu cu cht lng ca khch hng m phi c li nhun.
Nh nc: quy nh mc cht lng ti thiu phi t c v gim st
vic thc hin cht lng.
1.2.2. Cc phng php m bo cht lng thc phm:
1.2.2.1. Phng php truyn thng
Ly mu i din sn phm cui cng kim tra.
u im khi p dng phng php truyn thng: chi ph kim tra thp.
Nhc im khi p dng phng php truyn thng: khng cnh xc, khng m bo
an ton, chi ph khc phc hu hu ln, phn ng ca nh sn xut lin quan n cht lng
khng kp thi.
1.2.2.2. Phng php qun l theo GMP
GMP l nhm ch ci ca cm t Good Manufacturing Practice v c hi l
Quy phm thc hnh sn xut tt.GMP l nhng quy nh, th tc, thao thc thc hnh cn
phi tun th trong qu trnh sn xut nhm m bo sn xut ra nhng sn xutn phm c
th. Chng trnh GMP l mt mt hng l tp hp ca nhiu quy phm.
u im khi p dng GMP: Gip ta kim sot c tt c cc yu t lin quan
n tt c cc qu trnh sn xut t khu nguyn liu n khu thnh phm. Gip nh sn xut
18
phn ng kp thi vi vn lin quan n cht lng sn xut sn phm. Chi ph khc ph
hu qu thp.
Nhc im khi p dng GMP: Vic t chc qun l v chi ph kim tra cht
lng ln so vi phng php c truyn.
1.2.2.3. Phng php qun l theo ISO:
ISO l nhm ch ci ca cm t International Standarization Organization v
c hiu l t chc tiu chun ha quc t.
ISO l mt t chc quc t bao gm cc c quan tiu chun ha ca cc nc, c mc
ch to thun li cho giao thng quc t v hp tc quc t trong cc lnh vc vn ha, khoa
hc, k thut, kinh t...
ISO 9000 l h thng m bo cht lng xuyn sut t thit k, sn xut, lp t, dch
v.....c tiu chun ha v t liu ha trit .
ISO l h thng m bo cht lng c nghin cu v xy dng nm 1979.
ISO c hn 120 thnh vin. Vit Nam l thnh vin chnh thc t nm 1977 v l thnh
vin th 72 ca ISO.
H thng ISO 9000:1994 gm:
ISO 9000: gii thiu v ISO
ISO 9001: p dng trong cac lnh vc: thit k, sn xut, kim tra cht lng, sn
phm, bn hng, dch v k thut sau khi bn hng.
ISO 9002: p dng trong cc lnh vc: sn xut, kim tra cht lng sn phm, lp
t.
ISO 9003: p dng trong cc lnh vc kim tra cht lng sn phm.
ISO9004: hng dn p dng ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003.
H thng ISO 9000:2000 gm: ISO 9000, ISO 9001, ISO 9004.
u im khi p dng ISO: p ng c cc yu cu ca khch hng nc ngoi trong
vic m bo cht lng. p ng c yu cu tiu th sn phm trong nc. Ci
thin cng tc qun l cht lng v mang li hiu qu cho bn thn doanh nghip.
Nng cao tinh thn, thi ca i ng nhn vin trong cng ty.
Nhc im khi p dng ISO: Khng tp trung cao v an ton thc phm, i hi v
trnh qun l tt.
1.2.2.4. Phng php qun l theo HACCP
HACCP l nhm ch ci ca cm t Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point v c
hiu l : Phn tch mi nguy v im kim sot ti hn. HACCP l phng php qun l cht
19
lng mang tnh phng nga, da trn vic phn tch cc mi nguy v kim sot ti hn cc
mi nguy ng k ti im kim sot ti hn.
u im khi p dng HACCP:
p ng c cc yu cu ca th trng M, EU, Canada, c, Nht.
L cng c ti u kim sot cc mi nguy v an ton thc phm.
Gip nh qun l phn ng kp thi hn vi nhng vn lin quan n cht
lng trong qu trnh sn xut.
Chi ph thp, hiu qu cao ( chi ph HACCP l chi ph phng nga, chi ph phng
na lun thp hn chi ph sa cha.
Nhc im khi p dng HACCP: Mun p dng HACCP cc doanh nghip phi c
iu kin tin quyt ( nh xng, thit b, con ngi ) v cc chng trnh tin
quyt (GMP, SSOP) phi tt.
1.2.2.5. Cc thut ng dng trong HACCP
HACCP (Hazard Analysic And Critical Control Point): phn tch mi nguy v im
kim sot ti hn, ngha l mt h thng phn tch, xc nh v t chc kim sot cc mi
nguy trng yu trong qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm.
Kim tra HACCP: Mt h thng kim tra c lp quyt nh xem cc hot ng v
cc kt qu t c ca h thng HACCP c ph hp vi k hoch t ra hay khng v k
hoch ny c c thc hin mt cch c hiu qu v ph hp vi mc tiu chnh hay khng.
Vn bn HACCP: mt h thng ti liu, m t k hoch HACCP, tin trnh thc hin
ca h thng v chng minh s p dng lu di.
K hoch HACCP: mt ti liu c vit da trn cc nguyn tc ca h thng
HACCP v n m t cc quy trnh cn phi tun theo m bo s kim sot ca cc cng
on hoc cc quy trnh c th.
Xem xt k hoch HACCP: i HACCP s xem xt k hoch HACCP theo nh k
nhm sa i k hoch HACCP cho n tr nn ph hp.
Mi nguy ( Hazard ) l cc nhn t sinh hc, ho hc hoc vt l c trong thc phm
c kh nng gy hi cho sc kho ca ngi tiu dng hoc lm gim tnh kh dng v tnh
kinh t.
Phn tch mi nguy ( Hazard Analysis ) l nhn bit tt c cc mi nguy c lin quan
n tng cng on trn dy chuyn sn xut v xc nh nhng mi nguy ng k cn phi
kim sot.
20
Bin php kim sot mi nguy (Control Measure) l cc phng php vt l, ho

hc hoc cc th tc c thc hin ngn nga vic xy ra cc mi nguy c th lm mt an
ton thc phm.
im kim sot ti hn (Critical Limit) l mt gi tr hay mt ngng xc nh m
mi bin php phng nga mt im kim sot ti hn CCP phi tho mn. L mc phn bit
gia kh nng chp nhn c v kh nng khng chp nhn c.
Ngng vn hnh l ti gi tr ca ch tiu cn kim sot, ngi iu khin phi
kp thi hiu chnh thit b, qu trnh ch bin m bo gi tr khng tng (hoc khng
gim) ngng ti hn.
S sai lch (Deviation) l s sai st dn ti vi phm cc ngng ti hn.
H thng gim st (Monitoring System) l vic quan st, o m hoc phn tch c
h thng nhm m bo cho quy trnh v cc th tc ti mi CCP c thc hin theo k
hoch HACCP.
Hnh ng gim st (Corrective Action) l cc hnh ng c d kin phi thc
hin khi gii hn ti hn b vi phm nhm khc phc hu qu v ngn nga s ti din ca vi
phm .
Bin php phng nga: Mi bin php c th c s dng nhn bit v kim sot
cc mi nguy him.
S thm tra (Verification) l vic p dng cc phng php, th tc, php th v cc
cch nh gi khc nhm xem xt tnh hp l ca k hoch HACCP v xc nh s tun th
theo k hoch HACCP trong thc t sn xut.
Lu tr h s (Record Keeping) l hnh ng t liu ho mi hot ng c thc
hin trong k hoch HACCP nhm m bo rng qu trnh thc hin HACCP c kim
sot.
1.3.Tm hiu v qun l cht lng theo HACCP.
1.3.1. Khi nim
L h thng qun l cht lng mang tnh phng nga nhm m bo an ton thc phm
thng qua vic phn tch mi nguy v thc hin cc bin php kim sot cc mi nguy ti cc
im ti hn. HACCP c ng ngha vi v sinh an ton thc phm. y l h thng v bin
php phng nga c cng nhn rng ri trn ton th gii. Khi p dng HACCP, ngoi vic
nhn bit cc mi nguy c th xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut nh mi nguy vt l, ha hc,
21
sinh hc, n cn t ra cc bin php kim sot phng nga v hn ch ti mc ti thiu cc

mi nguy ny. H thng HACCP c p dng trong sut dy chuyn sn xut, t khu
nguyn liu ban u cho ti khu tiu th cui cng thng qua cc hot ng kim sot v cc
bin php k thut, theo di lin tc ti cc im kim sot ti hn CCP hn l da vo vic
kim tra v th nghim sn phm cui cng.
Vic p dng c hiu qu h thng HACCP cn phi c cam kt tham gia v ton tm dc
sc ca lnh o v ton th cng nhn. Ngoi ra, vic p dng ny i hi s tip cn a
ngnh: kinh nghim trong nng hc, v sinh th y, v sinh mi trng, sc khe cng ng,
cng ngh thc phm.
1.3.2. Lch s hnh thnh HACCP
H thng HACCP c ra i t nghin cu ca cng ty Pillsbury trong vic ch bin
thc phm m bo an ton cho cc nh du hnh v tr. Cng ty Pillsbury cho rng k thut
kim tra cht lng m h ang p dng khng m bo vic chng gy nhim cho sn
phm trong sn xut sn phm v thy rng phi kim nghim qu nhiu thnh phn ti mc
ch cn li rt t thc phm c th cung cp cho cc chuyn bay vo v tr. T , cng ty
Pillsbury kt lun: ch c cch xy dng h thng phng nga, khng cho cc mi nguy xy ra
trong qu trnh sn xut mi m bo c an ton thc phm. Sau , phng php ny c
C quan Qun l thc phm v dc phm M (FDA) khuyn khch p dng trong ngnh ch
bin thc phm. n nay Chnh ph nhiu nc cng nhn HACCP l h thng qun l cht
lng c hiu qu v thch hp vi cng nghip ch bin thc phm. H thng HACCP c
thit lp phng nga v kim sot cc mi nguy lin quan n chui cung cp thc phm,
ngha l t khi tip nhn nguyn liu cho n khi phn phi ti tay ngi tiu dng. H thng
HACCP phi c xy dng trn nn tng vng chc ca cc quy phm sn xut (GMP) v
quy phm v sinh (SSOP). GMP v SSOP tc ng n mi trng ca hot ng ch bin v
cn c coi l cc chng trnh tin quyt ca HACCP. GMP quy nh cc bin php gi v
sinh chung cng nh cc bin php ngn nga thc phm b ly nhim do iu kin v sinh
km. GMP cp n nhiu mt hot ng ca doanh nghip v tp trung vo cc thao tc ca
cng nhn. Cn SSOP l loi quy phm c nhiu cng ty thc phm s dng gip thc
hin cc mc tiu duy tr GMP trong sn xut thc phm. Thng thng SSOP m t mt h
thng cc mc ring r lin quan n vic x l v sinh thc phm, n v sinh mi trng
doanh nghip v hot ng tin hnh t c cc mc tiu .
22
Nm 1971 cng ty Pillsburry trnh by HACCP ln u tin ti hi ngh ton quc ca M v

bo v an ton thc phm.
Nm 1974 c quan dc phm v thc phm ca M (USFAD) a HACCP p
dng cho quy trnh sn phm ng hp c hm lng acid thp.
Vo thp nin 80, HACCP c nhiu c s p dng.
Nm 1985 c quan nghin cu khoa hc quc gia (USA) khuyn co cc c s ch
bin thc phm nn p dng HACCP m bo an ton thc phm v b nng nghip M
cng s dng HACCP kim tra cht lng cc sn phm thc phm nh cc loi tht,gia
sc gia cm.
Nm 1988 u ban quc t cc tiu chun v sinh thc phm (ICMSF), hip hi quc t
sa thc phm v v sinh mi trng (IAMFES) cng khuyn co s dng HACCP m
bo an ton thc phm.
Nm 1993 t Chc Y T Th Gii (WHO) khuyn khch s dng HACCP.
Ngy nay c quan kim sot thc phm v ngnh cng nghip thnh ph trn th gii
quan tm nhiu n vic p dng HACCP. Nhiu quc gia xem vic p dng HACCP l
iu bt buc. Do vic p dng HACCP tr thnh mt yu cu cp bch cho nh sn xut
thc phm xut khu v nh sn xut thc phm ni a.
Vit Nam, khi nim HACCP mi c tip cn t nhng nm u ca thp k 90,
tuy nhin do trnh kinh t k thut cn thp nn iu kin tip cn vi h thng HACCP
cn rt hn ch. Ngy nay, vi mc tiu bo v sc khe nhn dn, m rng th trng, gia
tng kim ngch xut khu, cc ngnh c rt nhiu hot ng thit thc thc y qu trnh
i mi h thng qun l cht lng v an ton v sinh thc phm, c bit l p dng
HACCP, tng bc thay th cho cch kim sot cht lng truyn thng l da trn kim tra
sn phm cui cng.
1.3.3. Cc nguyn tc c bn thc hin HACCP
Gm 7 nguyn tc c bn sau:
- . Nguyn tc 1: Tin hnh phn tch mi nguy, nh gi kh nng xut hin, nhn bit
v cc bin php phng nga kim sot chng.
-
Nguyn tc 2: Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn (CCP) loi b cc mi nguy
hoc lm gim kh nng xut hin ca chng.
23
Nguyn tc 3: Thit lp cc gii hn ti hn, cc gii hn phi ph hp v m
bo rng mi CCP u nm di s kim sot.

-
Nguyn tc 4: Thit lp cc th tc gim st m bo cc im kim sot
quan trng c kim sot bng mt lch trnh kim tra v theo di.
-
Nguyn tc 5: ra hnh ng sa cha khi s kim sot ch ra rng mt im
kim sot quan trng khng nm di s kim sot.

-
Nguyn tc 6: Thit lp cc th tc thm tra bao gm cc bi kim tra, cc th
tc kim tra chng t h thng HACCP lm vic c hiu qu.

Nguyn tc 7: Thit lp cc ti liu lin quan n tt c cc quy trnh, thit lp cc h
s ph hp vi cc nguyn l ny v cch p dng chng
1.3.4.Cc bc thc hin HACCP
Bc 1: Thnh lp i HACCP
nh ngha: i HACCP l mt nhm cn b k thut v chuyn gia v HACCP c thnh

lp tin hnh xy dng v trin khai p dng HACCP trong cng ty.
Yu cu i vi cc thnh vin ca i HACCP:
Gm nhng ngi c kin thc v kinh nghim c th v sn phm thc hin k
hoch HACCP c hiu qu. Tt nht c th thnh lp mt nhm gm cc chuyn gia thuc cc
chuyn ngnh khc nhau, khi cn thit c th mi chuyn gia bn ngoi nng lc v kinh
nghim tr gip.
C cu, s lng v th tc thnh lp i HACCP:
C cu: i din ban lnh o, i din b phn kim sot cht lng, i din ban
iu hnh sn xut, i din b phn c in, chuyn gia i HACCP (nu cn). S lng cc
thnh vin: S ngi tham gia trong i HACCP lun l s l, thng t 3 n 9 ngi hoc
nhiu hn ty theo quy m ca cng ty. Th tc thnh lp i HACCP: c thnh lp bng
mt vn bn nu r danh sch thnh vin, phm vi v quyn hn ca tng ngi v phn cng
trch nhim c th cho tng ngi.
Nhim v ca i HACCP: Xy dng k hoch HACCP. Xc nh tin thc hin
HACCP trong nh my. Tin hnh thm tra v sa i k hoch HACCP khi cn thit. Bo co
thc trang HACCP i vi c quan chc nng v lnh o cng ty.
Bc 2 : M t sn phm
M t c tnh sn phm, iu kin bo qun, phng thc s dng.
24
Bng 1.2: Bng m t sn phm

TT
C IM
Tn sn phm
Nguyn liu
Cch thc vn chuyn v tip nhn nguyn
M T
liu
Ngun gc nguyn liu
M t tm tt quy cch thnh phm
Thnh phn khc ngoi nguyn liu
Tm tt cc cng on ch bin
Kiu bao gi
iu kin bo qun
10
iu kin phn phi v vn chuyn sn phm
11
Thi hn s dng
12
Thi hn by bn sn phm.
13
Cc yu cu v dn nhn
14
Cc iu kin t bit
15
Mc ch s dng.
16
i tng s dng sn phm
17
Cc quy nh yu cu cn phi tun th.

Bc 3: Xc nh phng thc s dng ca sn phm
25
Xc nh phng thc s dng i vi sn phm cui cng v cc yu cu km

theo m bo mc ch , bao gm:
-
Phng thc s dng: phi qua ch bin nhit hoc pha ch...
Phng thc phn phi: bn bun, bn l, xut khu...
Thi hn s dng v iu kin bo qun.
Yu cu v ghi nhn c ni dung cng b cc xc nhn, gii thiu cch s dng.
Bc 4: Xy dng s quy trnh cng ngh

Theo ng trnh t cc bc m sn phm i qua vi y cc thng s k thut.
Lp s quy trnh cng ngh l mt cng on v cng quan trng trong qu trnh
xy dng k hoch HACCP. S quy trnh cng ngh phi c xy dng t nhng thnh
phn ban u, qu trnh ch bin v qu trnh phn phi sn phm ra ngoi th trng. Mi
bc i ca quy trnh cn phi c tnh ton k lng v c cc thng s t cc qu trnh
c lin quan.
Yu cu:
-
Phi trnh by y cc bc m sn phm i qua theo ng trnh t v s
tng tc ca cc bc cng ngh.

-
Thuyt minh y thng s k thut v cc thao tc chnh ti mi cng on.
Ngoi ra, khi xy dng s quy trnh cng ngh cng cn phi quan tm n mt s
im nh thnh phn nguyn liu v bao b c s dng, cch b tr mt bng v thit b sn
xut, cch tip ni gia cc cng on trong quy trnh sn xut, thi gian v nhit ca
nguyn liu, thnh phm v bn thnh phm, cc quy trnh lm sch v v sinh nh xng,
thit b, cc iu kin bo qun v phn phi
Bc 5: Thm nh thc t dy chuyn sn xut.

Mc ch: Kim tra s quy trnh cng ngh nhm t c mt s mc ch sau:
-
Thm tra tnh xc thc ca s quy trnh cng ngh so vi thc t.
m bo khng b st bt l mt cng on no.
Thu thp thm kinh nghim t nhng ngi trc tip qun l cht lng trn
dy chuyn.
-
Gip thnh vin trong nhm HACCP nm c mt s vn lin quan.
Phng php: Thnh vin nhm HACCP kim tra bng cch i kim tra dc theo dy
chuyn sn xut t nht 2 ln, trong t nht mt ln c sn xut.
Bc 6: Phn tch mi nguy v xc nh cc bin php phng nga

26
Nhn din tt c cc mi nguy c lin quan n tng cng on trn dy chuyn sn

xut v xc nh nhng mi nguy ng k cn phi kim sot.
Mi nguy: l cc nhn t sinh hc, ha hc, vt l trong sn phm, hoc iu kin c
kh nng gy hi cho sc khe ca ngi tiu dng hoc lm gim tnh kh dng v tnh kinh
t ca sn phm.
Cc dng mi nguy ch yu:
-
Mi nguy vt l: bt k vt th no bt ngun t bn ngoi c th tim n
vic gy hi cho con ngi nh g, , mnh kim loi, thy tinh... t nguyn liu, dy
chuyn sn xut, cng nhn, cng c, nh xng,
-
Mi nguy ha hc: xut pht t t nhin ( c t c nc, c t cc,), hoc
c a vo c mc ch (cht bo qun, cht chng oxy ha,..) hoc thm vo khng d tnh
(thuc bo v thc vt, thuc khng sinh,).
-
Mi nguy sinh hc: mt s loi vi sinh vt c kh nng gy hi cho con ngi
nh E. coli, coliforms, c trong ngun nc, nguyn liu

Bng 1.3: Bng phn tch mi nguy
Cng
Mi nguy
nh gi
L gii
Bin php kim
on
...
...
mi nguy
...
nh gi
...
sot
...
Bc 7: Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn da trn cy quyt nh
27
CH1
Ti cng on ny c bin php phng nga i vi mi nguy xc

nh hay khng?
CH1.2
Khng
iu chnh thit b, qu
trnh sn xut/sn phm
Bin php kim sot ti cng on ny c cn thit m

bo an ton thc phm khng ?
CH2
Ti cng on ny c c thit k c bit nhm

hn ch /loi b cc mi nguy n mc c th
chp nhn c khng?
khng
Liu mi nguy xc nh c kh nng
vt qu mc chp nhn /tin ti
mc khng chp nhn hay khng?
CH3
khng
C
C
CH4
Cng on tip theo c th loi b /gim thiu mi

nguy ti mc c th chp nhn c khng ?
khng
khng
im kim sot ti hn
CCP
Khng phi im kim sot ti

han(CCP)- kt thc xem xt
Hnh 1.6: S cy quyt nh
Bc 8: Thit lp gii hn ti hn
28
Phng php thit lp gii hn ti hn:

- Da vo kt qu th nghim do cng ty t nghin cu hay hp ng vi mt phng
th nghim bn ngoi.
- Da vo cc vn bn mang tnh php l nh cc tiu chun, qui nh, lut l, ch th, hng
dn ca nh nc, ca khch hng hoc ca nc nhp khu.
- Da vo cc ti liu, thng tin nghin cu khoa hc.
- Da vo cc kin ca chuyn gia.
- Khi tin hnh xc lp gii hn ti hn phi chn cc thng s, gi tr sao cho trong thc t sn
xut c th d dng gim st cc thng s .
Ngng vn hnh v iu chnh qu trnh:
- Ngng vn hnh l mc nghim khc hn so vi gii hn ti hn, n c dng gim
thiu nguy c xy ra s c trong sn xut.
- iu chnh qu trnh l hnh ng c thc hin a qu trnh tr li khun kh gii hn
vn hnh.
Bc 9: Gim st im kim sot ti hn Quan st

Bao gm:
Gim st ci g?
Gim st bng cch no?
Khi no cn gim st ( tn sut)? ( lin tc hay khng lin tc)
Ai gim st? ( c th l cng nhn ch bin, cng nhn vn hnh thit b,

cn b KCS,)
Bc 10: ra hnh ng khc phc
Khi nim: Hnh ng sa cha (khc phc) l cc hnh ng, th tc cn tun
th khi vi phm hoc khng t c gii hn ti hn, tc l khi kt qu kim
sot ti CCP c xc nh l mt kim sot.
Cc cu thnh ca hnh ng sa cha:
Hiu chnh, loi tr nguyn nhn gy vi phm v khi phc kim sot qu trnh.
29
Xc nh cc l sn phm sn xut trong thi gian vi phm v phng thc x l. Ghi

li tt c cc hnh ng sa cha tin hnh. H s lu tr s gip cng ty xc nh cc
vn xy ra. Hn na hnh ng sa cha l bng chng chng t sn phm h hng b
loi b.
Cc hnh ng sa cha bao gm:
- ring v gi sn phm li nh gi an ton thc phm.

- Chuyn sn phm hay bn thnh phm b nh hng ti dy chuyn sn xut khc, ni
khng vi phm gii hn ti hn.
- Ch bin li.
- Loi b nguyn liu.
- Chuyn sang mc ch s dng khc.
- Tiu hu sn phm.
Cc bc cn thc hin khi a ra hnh ng sa cha.
30
Hnh 1.7: S quyt nh gii php hnh ng sa cha.

BC 1: C lp sn phm
+ Chuyn gia
+ Xt nghim ( l, ho, vi sinh)
BC 2: C hin hu mi nguy v an ton khng?
Co
Khong
Gii phng l hng
BC 3: C th ti ch hay phc hi an ton cho sn phm khng?
Khong
Co
Tai che, phuc hoi

BC 4: Gii php cui cng
+ Hu b
+ Chuyn sang dng sn phm khc
Bo co hnh ng sa cha:
31
Khi thc hin hnh ng sa cha th phi c bo co v hnh ng sa cha, bao gm

cc ni dung sau:
- Nhn din qu trnh v sn phm.
- M t s c.
- Hnh ng sa cha s thc hin di dng: NU b vi phm TH hnh ng sa cha .
- Tn ngi chu trch nhim thc hin.
- Kt qu nh gi v hnh ng sa cha.
Bc 11: Xy dng th tc thm tra
Khi nim: Thm tra l p dng cc bin php, cc th tc, cc php th v cc
cch nh gi khc nhm xc nh tnh hp l ca k hoch HACCP v xc nh s tun th
theo k hoch HACCP trong thc t sn xut.
Mc ch: Thm tra nhm to lng tin rng k hoch HACCP c xy dng l
c c s khoa hc, ph hp kim sot cc mi nguy v ang c thc thi.
Cc hnh thc thm tra:
Thm tra ni b: Do i HACCP thc hin.
Thm tra t bn ngoi:
- C quan nh nc c thm quyn
- C quan chc nng ca khch hng hoc nc nhp khu
- T chc trung gian th ba c u quyn
Tuy nhin thm tra ni b l quan trng hn c
Ni dung thm tra:
Xc nhn gi tr s dng: L thu thp nhng bng chng xc nh tnh hp l
ca cc thng s k thut trong k hoch HACCP.
Thm tra CCP:
-
Xem xt h s ( biu mu gim st, bo co hnh ng sa cha, h s hiu

chnh thit b).
Xc nh chnh xc ca cc thit b dng gim st ( hiu chnh thit b).

32
Ly mu bn thnh phm ( ti cc CCP ) em kim nghim v nh gi hiu
qu.
Thm tra h thng HACCP ( GMP, SSOP, k hoch HACCP ): Tng

t nh thm tra CCP.
Tn sut thm tra:
Nu khng c g thay i hng nm thm tra mt ln.
Khi c s thay i ng k v qui trnh hay v sn phm th tin
hnh thm tra.

Thm tra t xut khi c s khiu kin ca khch hng hay cc
c quan c thm quyn ca nh nc hay nc nhp khu.
Checklist thm tra:
nh ngha: Checklist thm tra l bng lit k chi tit y

nhng ni dung ca hot ng thm tra phi thc hin nhm gip cho x nghip thc hin
trong qu trnh sn xut m bo rng h thng HACCP ang c thc thi v c hiu
qu.
Ni dung: Checklist kim tra gm c 5 ni dung:

-
Thm tra ci g?
Phng php tin hnh.
Tn sut thm tra.
Ai l ngi thc hin.
H s lin quan.
Bc 12: Thit lp cc th tc lu tr h s
nh ngha: Lu tr h s l mt hot ng c thc hin trong k hoch HACCP
nhm m bo rng qu trnh thc hin k hoch HACCP c kim sot.
Mc ch: Lu tr h s nhm chng minh v xc nhn bng vn bn rng k
hoch HACCP trong nh my, cng ty ang c thc thi. Khu hiu: Nu khng c h s
th khng c HACCP.
Cc loi h s cn lu tr:
33
K hoch HACCP v nhng vn bn h tr xy dng HACCP:

-
Danh sch i HACCP v phn cng trch nhim cho tng thnh vin.
Tm tt cc bc chun b c tin hnh trong vic xy dng k

hoch HACCP.
Cc chng trnh tin quyt GMP, SSOP.
H s v gim st CCP.
H s v nhng hnh ng sa cha.
H s v cc hot ng thm tra.
Yu cu i vi vic thit k biu mu, ghi chp v lu tr h s:
Yu cu trong vic thit k h s, biu mu:
- D s dng.
- Phi y ni dung cn kim sot.
- C th kp hp nhiu yu t trong cng mt biu mu.
- Khi cn thit c th thay i.
Yu cu trong vic ghi chp h s:
- Khng ty xa.
-
Ghi y cc thng tin, khng b trng.
- H s phi phn nh chnh xc v ng iu kin hot ng hin ti.

- Khng c dng tr nh tin hnh ghi chp h s.
- Khng hon thnh h s trc khi bt u, trc khi kt thc cng vic.
Yu cu trong vic lu tr h s:
- Cc biu mu l h s trng cn phi c chun ho.
- Nhn vin c lin quan phi nhn thc r trch nhim v vic lu tr h s.
- Thi gian lu tr h s lu hn thi hn s dng sn phm.
S qu trnh p dng h thng HACCP:

34
Bc 1: Thnh lp i HACCP
Bc 2: M t sn phm
Cc bc
chun b
Bc 3: Xc nh mc ch s dng
Bc 4: Thit lp s qui trnh sn xut

Bc 5: Thm nh thc t s qui trnh sn
xut
Nguyn tc 1
Bc 6: Lit k v phn tch cc mi nguy hi.

ra cc bin php kim sot.
e ra cac bien phap kiem soat
Nguyn tc 2
Bc 7: Xc nh cc im CCP
Nguyn tc 3
Bc 8: Thit lp cc GHTH cho tng im CCP
Nguyn tc 4
Bc 9: Thit lp th tc gim st cho tng CCP
Nguyn tc 5
Bc 10: Thit lp cc hnh ng khc phc
Nguyn tc 6
Bc 11: Thit lp cc th tc thm tra xc nhn
Nguyn tc 7
Bc 12: Thit lp cc ti liu v lu tr h s
Hnh 1.8: S quy trnh p dng h thng HACCP
35
Chng 2: Quy trnh sn xut bnh bng lan cun kem

2.1.Nguyn liu sn xut
Nguyn liu chnh
2.1.1. Bt m
- Hin cng ty s dng cc loi bt nh: Bt m Bnh ng...
2.1.1.1. Vai tr ca bt m
+ Nguyn liu chnh sn xut bnh.
+ L cht to hnh, to b khung, hnh dng, trng thi, cng, c, dai v
n hi cho sn phm thc phm
+ To mu sc cho sn phm.
+ To bt nho (paste) c tnh c kt, do v gi kh cui cng khi gia nhit th hnh
thnh mt cu trc xp.
2.1.1.2. Thnh phn ha hc ca bt m
- Thnh phn ha hc ca bt m ty thuc vo hng bt v thnh phnh phn ha hc
ca ht la m.(xem ph lc).
2.1.1.3. Tiu chun ca bt m
a. Ch tiu cm quan
Mu sc: bt c mu trng trng ng.
Trng thi: mn, ti, khng vn cc.
Mi v: thm du, d chu, khng mi v l nh ng, chua, i kht, khng c mi

mc.
Tp cht: khng su mt, khng tp cht l.

b. Ch tiu ha l
m: 14%
acid: 40 (s ml NaOH 1 N trung ha 100g bt)
Hm lng gluten kh: 7 8%
Trng thi gluten t: mu trng ng nht, co gin, n hi nh cao su.

36
Gluten kh vn gi c mu trng sng ca gluten t.
Khng c nm mc v c t nm mc.
D lng ha cht tr su trong gii hn cho php.

c. Ch tiu vi sinh
Bt m v cc thnh phn b sung u phi sch, v sinh v ph hp vi cht lng

thc phm.
Khng c cha vi sinh vt vi s lng gy nh hng n sc khe con ngi.
Khng c cha k sinh trng gy bnh.
Khng c cha bt k cht no c ngun gc t vi sinh vt vi s lng gy nh

hng n sc khe con ngi.
Kim loi nng: trong bt m khng c php c kim loi nng
Bt m khng c c tp cht l.
d. Ch tiu bao gi
- Bt m phi c bao gi v vn chuyn trong cc bao b hp v sinh, m bo cht

lng dinh dng v k thut sn phm.
- Bao b ch c lm bng cc vt liu m bo s an ton thch hp vi mc ch s
dng, bao c to cc cht c hoc mi v l nhim vo sn phm.
e. Phng php bo qun
- Bo qun trn k palet , ni kh ro trnh b ht m .
2.1.2. ng
- Hin nay, cng ty ch yu s dng ng ca cng ty Bin Ha.
2.1.2.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca ng
L mt disaccharise c cu to bi hai ng
n l glucose v fructose: -glucopyranose v
- fructofuranose lin kt , -1_2.
37
2.1.2.2.Vai tr ca ng trong sn xut bnh bng lan.

+ ng to v ngt cho mu ca bnh, lm tng gi tr dinh dng ca bnh ln.
ng b sung 8% trong cng thc bnh.
+ Lm gim lng nc t do trong bt nho.
+ To cu trc trong khi bt nho, gip bt nho mm v nht, lm gim s trng n
ca protein.
+ ng kt hp acid amin to phn ng maillard, to mu c trng cho bnh.
2.1.3. Trng
- Cng ty s dng trng qua kim dch .
2.1.3.1. Vai tr ca trng trong sn xut bnh bng lan
- To mm xp cho bnh sau khi nng.
- To mi thm c trng cho bnh.
- Tng gi tr dinh dng.
- Tng gi tr cm quan.
- C nhiu albumin lm tng n cho bnh.
2.1.3.2 Thnh phn dinh dng ca trng
Lng Trng (Albumen): l dch th gm nhiu protein hnh cu khc nhau:
ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovoglobulin (G2, G3), flavoprotein, ovoglucoproetin,
ovomacroglobulin, avidin v mt protein hnh si l ovomuxin. lp gia lng
ovomuxin nhiu gp bn ln lp ngoi v lp trong. Trong albumen cn cha
0,5% glucose t do. Chnh ng ny l tc nhn tham gia phn ng Mailard trong
thi gian bo qun lng trng trng kh.
Lng : bao gm cc ht phn tn trong mt pha lng. C 60% protein v 34%
lipid.
Lng trng ch ton b lipid ca trng, ch yu l triglixerit (60%),
phospholipid (28%) v cholesterol (5%).
Cng mu ca lng ph thuc vo hm lng carotenoid.
Trong khi v v albumen l hng ro bo v c hc v ngn vi sinh vt th lng
l ngn cht dinh dng cn thit cho s pht trin ca phi.
38
2.1.3.3. Tiu chun ca trng g

a. Tiu chun cm quan
- V sch, rn, ng u.
- Khi soi di nh n neon hay nh nng th trong sut, c mu hng vi chm hng
gia.
- Ti kh c ng knh bao quanh c nh, ng knh nh hn 1cm.
- Trng chm trong dung dch nc mui 10%.
- p v trng khng c mi l, lng trng ti, ng u, c.
Bng 2.1: Ch tiu cht lng ca trng
Cm quan
Ch tiu
Trng thi
V sch, rn, ng u, khng b dp nt.
Mu sc
Lng trng ng u, trong; lng ng u khng v.
Mi v
Khng c mi v l, mi i.
Tp cht
Khng dnh phn, ct, khng v
Lng
Khi xoay khng lch tm qu trng.
Lng trng
Trong, c st.
b. Phng php bo qun : Bo qun lnh t mt

2.1.4. Nc
- Cng ty s dng ngun nc thy cc do trung tm cp nc cung cp.
2.1.4.1. Vai tr ca nc trong sn xut bnh bng lan
+ Nc kt hp vi bt m vi cc nguyn liu khc to thnh khi bt nho.
+ Nc ha tan cc thnh phn: ng, mui, protein, cc phn t cht bo
+ Lm cht mng gluten do s hin din mt s mui khong trong nc.
Ch tiu s dng nc ca cng ty
Nc dng trn bt nho l nc n ung c bnh thng. Nc ung c phi
khng mu, trong sut, khng c ammoniac, H2S hoc axit t nito, trong nc ung c phi
c vi sinh vt gy bnh. Ch s v sch ca nc phi ng theo yu cu ca nh nc. C
th l cc ch tiu cht lng c o theo tiu chun nc sinh hot.
39
Nguyn liu ph
2.1.5. Mui n
- Thnh phn chnh ca mui n l: NaCl chim 99.95%. Ngoi ra, trong mui cn c
nc, MgSO4, MgCl2, KCl, CaSO4 v mt s cht khng tan nh ct, bnC th trn vo
mui n mt vi cht nh: MgCO3, Mg(OH)2.nH2O, MgO chng hin tng mui n b vn
cc, kt tng.
Vai tr ca
mui
+ Mui thc hin ch yu trong chc nng nho bt, lm cho kh nng kt dnh ca
Gluten cht hn trong qu trnh nho bt, gi nng ca Gluten, lm tng kh nng ht nc
ca bt.
+ Mui lm gim hot lc hot ng ca enzyme trong lc ch bin.
+ Mui gip to v cho bnh.
2.1.6. Du thc vt
- Cng ty s dng cc loi du thc vt ca cc hng: du Tng An, du Simply
trong s dng du Simply l ch yu.
Vai tr ca du n
- Dng du n trong sn xut bnh bng lan nhm gi m cho bt v lm cho bt

c bng mn, to kt dnh cho khi bt t lm cho bt dai, do, lng mn, khng dnh
tay, hn c l to mi thm, v bo cho sn phm sau khi nng.
- Ngoi ra ngi ta cn dng du thoa ln cc khay nng bnh nhm cho bnh khng
b dnh vo y khay.
- To mi v c trng cho bnh nng.
- Lm mm bnh nng v to cm gic tan trong ming.
- Thc y phn ng Maillard.
- To cu trc n xp cho bnh.
Ch tiu du n ( ph lc)
2.1.7. B
40
- nhit 10- 120C, b ng c thnh khi ng nht, khi ct trn mt ming b nh

ln nhng git nc li ti. Khi nu chy, b c mu trng trong, khng cn, mi v v c trng,
khng c mi l.
- B l sn phm t vn sa (sa ng thc vt). Thnh phn chnh ca b gm: cht
bo, cc vitamin tan trong cht bo nh: A, D, E, K, mui
Vai tr ca
b
- Trong b c mt lng sa nh phn tn trong cht bo, nh c casein v phosphatid c

tnh a nc v a bo nn c tc dng bn ha nh tng. To hng v c trng cho bnh.
Ph gia
2.1.8. Hng liu
- Cng ty ch yu s dng hng vani , hng du l ch yu.
- Mi thm ca bnh c to thnh t mi thm t bn thn nguyn liu v mi thm
ca hng liu a vo.
- Hng liu l nhng hp cht dng lng, dng bt, tinh th chng ta ra cc mi thm
khc nhau c con ngi a thch. Khi s dng hng liu b sung vo bnh phi m bo an
ton cho con ngi. Hng liu dng trong sn xut bnh l nhng hp cht nh ester, acid,
ru mi
- Lng hng liu dng cho bnh khng nn qu nhiu hay qu t. Nu cho qu
nhiu, khi n bnh s cm thy xc mi, kh chu, mt cm gic hi ha, m du ca hng
thm. Nu cho vo qu t, hng thm khng to mi, khng t hiu qu cn c.
- Mt khc, hng liu rt d bay hi, khi s dng nn dng cht nh lng c nh
thnh phn hng liu, lm cho hng liu phn b ng u trong bnh.
- Mun hng liu khng bin cht cn phi bao gi tht kn trnh bay hi v tip xc
vi khng kh.
2.1.9. Bt ni
- Cng ty s dng hai dng bt khc nhau: l natri bicarbonate v amoni carbonate,
nhng ch yu dng trong bnh bng lan l natri bicarbonate
Vai tr bt ni
41
- Khi thm vo bt nho, di tc dng ca nhit natri bicarbonate s to kh, chnh l

tc nhn lm cho cu trc ca bnh phng ln trong sut qu trnh nng. Nh vy, bnh s
xp, gin, tng gi tr cm quan.
- Cng thc phn t: NaHCO3 (Natri bicarbonate)
- Dng bt, v cay, khng mi, c tnh kim. Tan trong nc, khng tan trong cc dung
mi.
- Trong qu trnh nng NaHCO3 phn hy thnh kh CO2 lm tng th tch v xp
ca bnh.
2NaHCO3
Na2CO3 +
H2O + CO2
Kh CO2 sinh ra khng mu, khng mi nn khng nh hng xu n cht lng
bnh.
2.1.10. Bt chng mc (Potassium Sorbate )
- Dng bo qun, chng qu trnh oxy ha, lm n nh bnh.
2.3.Quy trnh sn xut bnh bng lan cun kem
2.3.1.S quy trnh
42
Bt m
Trng g
B , sa.
mui
Nc
Chun b
nguyn liu
Shoterning
, hng
liu
Nho bt
Chia bt
Nhn kem du
Nng
Lm ngui
nh hnh
ng gi
Bnh bng
lan cun
Hnh 2.1: Quy trnh sn xut bnh bng lan
43
Nhn kem du
- Quy trnh sn xut
Trng g
Bc v
Lng
Lng trng
Phi trn 1
Hng , mi ,
mu du
Shorterning,
ng
Phi trn 2
Nhn kem
du
Hnh 2.2 : Quy trnh sn xut nhn kem du
Phi trn: trng v ng c xay nhuyn v trn u vo nhau nhng khng cho trng
ni bt. K n phi trn vi shortening thnh mt hn hp dng paste. Sau phi trn thm
hng v mu v thnh phm kem du.
2.2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh sn xut bnh bng lan cun kem.
2.2.2.1. Chun b nguyn liu
+ Chun b
Qu trnh ny c mc ch l chun b nguyn liu t tiu chun a vo cc
qu trnh sn xut tip theo.
+ Thnh phn nguyn liu chnh gm
- Bt m: c ray k cng loi b cc tp cht.
44
- Trng: c cng nhn tch lm i v chia ra thnh lng ring v lng trng ring.
- ng: c xay nhuyn sao cho mn l c, mc ch ca giai on ny l cho
ng d ha tan trong giai on tip theo d dng hn, trnh hin tng ng ha tan khng
ht trong hn hp nguyn liu.
- Nc: dng ngun nc c kim tra.
+ Thnh phn nguyn liu ph gm
- B, tinh sa, mui, cc ph gia: phn chia s lng tng m thch hp.
2.2.2.2. Nho bt
a. Mc ch
- Nho trn c coi l khu quan trng v n quyt nh tnh cht sn phm, to nh
hng r rt ln cc khu tip theo ca qu trnh sn xut.
- Nho trn gip cho cc nguyn liu c trn ln vo nhau to thnh khi ng nht.
- To xp cho bnh.
b. Cch tin hnh
- Cho ng + trng nh trn + tinh sa + nc +
ph gia vo ci v nh to thnh hn hp ng nht
trong thi gian 2 n 3 pht.
-
Sau cho bt m vo ci, trn chung

vi thnh phn nguyn liu trn. Trn tt
c cc hn hp trong thi gian 1 pht.
Hnh 2.3 : Nho trn bt

- Tip theo ta cho ph gia vo nh trn thm 3 -4 pht na, thy bt ni ln cao 2/3 ci
th h tc xung, tip tc cho du + b vo v nh trn thm 1 pht.
- Yu cu sau nho trn: hn hp phi xp, do, khng c qu lng hay qu c.
c. Cc bin i trong qu trnh nho bt
- Qu trnh nho bt l mt qu trnh c l, do vy bin i vt l l ch yu, ngoi ra cn
c cc bin i khc nh ha hc, ha sinh, ha l, cm quan.
45
+ Bin i cm quan
- Trng thi nguyn liu c thay i t ri rc thnh do, snh.
- C mi thm do c cc nguyn liu to mi.
+ Bin i vt l
- T mt hn hp cc nguyn liu ban u to thnh mt khi ng nht khng tch ri
do n hi.
- Giai on u bt nho tng i dnh, cng v sau cng gim.
- C s thm thu cc cht to mu, mi vo trong khi bt nho.
+ Bin i ha l
-
Xy ra qu trnh hydrat ha protein bt m to mng li gluten.
S ha tan ca nguyn liu ng
S trng n ca bt m do ht nc
Khi lng ring v nht ca khi bt tng

+ Bin i ha hc
- Protein b bin tnh do tc ng ha hc.

- Xy ra cc phn ng sinh ra kh CO2 to bt kh do khi bt nho c s dng bt n.
2.2.2.2 Chia bt
a. Mc ch:
-
nh lng cho sn phm
To hoa vn cho bnh
a dng ha sn phm.
b. Cch tin hnh
Hnh 2.4: khun bnh
+ Cho khi bt vo khun 60cm x 40cm. Trng lng khong 2.2 kg v c dn u

trn b mt khun.
+ Tin hnh to vn cho khi bt trong khun, mc ch qu trnh ny l to nhng vn
bt mt cho bnh.
46
+ Nguyn liu dng to vn l trng, nc, bt m, ng, chocolate c trn ln

vo nhau to hn hp st. Dng bao bt bng kem k nhng ng song song theo chiu
ngang khun bnh, dng que tm k nhng ng gn sng sao cho khong cch u nhau.
2.2.2.3. Nng bnh
a. Mc ch
- Nng bnh c mc ch ch bin, lm chn bnh, gip bnh c mu sc p, hng v
thm ngon. Ngoi ra khi nng bnh , m ca bnh gim xung thun li cho qu trnh
bo qun. Do nng bnh cng c mc ch bo qun .
b. Cch tin hnh
- Nng bng l nng dng gas. Nng n chn vng u l c. Nhit nng ca
bnh:
Nhit b mt : khong 190 200 0C
Nhit ty : khong 160- 170 0C
Thi gian nng bnh khong 20 pht sau bnh chn cho ra l.
- Ta tip tc b m tip theo vo nng.
- Yu cu kim tra: nng b mt khng c nm en phi c mu vng t trng, nt
k hnh vn thy phi r c mu nu, thi gian nng phi m bo.
c. Cc qu trnh bin i trong khi nng
+ Bin i cm quan :
-
Bnh chuyn sang mu vng u .
Cu trc t lng thnh cng xp.
C mi thm hp dn
+ Bin i ha l
S thot hi m : 3 giai on bc hi
- Giai on 1: tc bc hi tng dn. Trong giai on ny bnh sng c gia nhit
mnh, cc lp trn b mt bt nho b mt nc to nn s chnh lch m gia lp bn ngoi

v lp bn trong (gradient m), cho nn m t cc lp bn trong cng chuyn ra pha ngoi.
Cui giai on 1, gradient nhit gim cn gradient m vn tng nh s kh nc
ca cc lp b mt bnh. S dch chuyn m bn trong bnh ngng li, m ca cc lp bn
trong mu bnh c gi n nh .
47
- Giai on 2: tc bc hi c nh. S bc hi nc t ti mc cc i. Vng bc

hi i dn dn vo bn trong bnh. Do phn hu thuc n, th tch bnh tng mnh v xut
hin gradient p sut (p sut bn trong sn phm so vi p sut ca mi trng xung quanh)
- Giai on 3: tc bc hi gim xung , ri sau khng i. S bc hi m cc
lp bn trong bnh vi tc gim dn, m chuyn t lp bn trong ra lp ngoi lm gim
m ca bnh sau nng.
S bin i ca h keo:
Protein : 30 0 C bt u trng n
40 0C trng n trit nht
50 -70 0C b bin tnh
Tinh bt: trng n tt nht nhit 40 60 0C, ng thi vi s trng n l
s h ho. S h ho xy ra trong sut qu trnh nng, thu ht mt lng nc
ng k lm bnh t c kh thch hp.
S bin i trng thi : di tc dng ca nhit cao, trng thi
ca sn phm bin i to thnh cu trc mao xp v s to thnh v.

To thnh cu trc mao xp: nhit 50 70 0C, protein ng t gii phng
nc cn tinh bt th b h ho mt phn, to thnh khung xp m trn b mt
c hp ph mt lp m mng.
To lp v bnh: Khi cng bay hi m trn b mt xy ra mnh m v tinh
bt lp ngoi b h ho phn no, s chuyn m n b mt s khng b
p lung m mt i, b mt s kh dn v to thnh lp v cng. Khi kh,
nhit lp ngoi tng dn, lm chy sm sn phm ti . Lp v to thnh
sm hay mun nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm, cn iu chnh
ch nng thch hp.
+ Bin i ha hc
- Tinh bt : hm lng tinh bt gim v mt phn b phn hu trong qu trnh
nng bnh to ra cc dextrin v ng .
- ng: hm lng gim do tham gia phn ng Caramel v Maillard, tuy vy
hm lng ng ny gim khng ng k.
- Protein: hm lng protein tng nhn chung khng thay i.
- Cht bo : hm lng cht bo gim do hp th khng bn ln khung bnh, tuy
nhin lng cht bo gim khng ng k.
2.2.2.4. Lm ngui:
48
Lm ngui bnh nhit phng trong thi gian 30 pht. Mc ch nhm n nh cu trc
bnh v to iu kin cho vic nh hnh.
2.2.2.5. nh hnh
a. Mc ch
- To hnh dng sn phm theo yu cu. ng thi giai on ny gip bnh n nh c
cu trc.
b. Cch tin hnh
-
Chun b giy lt
Bnh ra l p bnh ln giy chun b sn cho mt bnh phn ty ln trn.
Qut nhn kem du ln bnh ri dng giy cun trn bnh li, thao tc phi nhanh.
Sau x giy cun ra lm hai bnh khng b nhn mt, mt bnh khng b dnh vo
giy cun
Sau ct bnh thnh tng phn ty theo yu cu .

2.2.2.6. ng gi
a. Mc ch
- Gi cht lng sn phm, to hnh thc b ngoi thun tin cho qu trnh bo qun v
vn chuyn sn phm, ng thi lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Cc loi bao b phi
ng kch thc khng b hng, v phi ng chun loi.
- Sn phm c bao gi theo phng php th cng bng cch cho vo hp nha vi
kch thc 19 x 11cm, hp coa mu trng trong. Bao gi nhit phng 200C- 220C.
b. Cc ch bo qun
- Ni bo qun c tch m hon ton, sn phm c c trn nhng gi bng inox
cch nn 25cm d dng vn chuyn v lm v sinh.
- Sn phm bo qun nhit thng 25 30 0C.
- Hn s dng 3 ngy.
2.2.2.7.Cc thit b chnh.
1. Thit b nh bt
1
6
3
4
- Nhim v:
+nh trn nguyn liu to hn hp ng nht
Hnh 2.5: My nho

bt
49
- Cu to:
1. Cn iu chnh tc nh
2. Cn iu chnh tc ln xung
3. Cu nh bt
4. Ci nh bt
5. Thn my
6. Motor
7. Mng chn.
- Nguyn tc vn hnh: cung cp dng in cho motor chnh hot ng qua hp gim tc
truyn ng n n cnh khuy lm quay cnh khuy.
- Cch vn hnh
+ M cng tc cho my hot ng th kim tra tnh trng ca my trc khi cho
nguyn liu vo.
+ Tin hnh dng tay vn h ci (4) xung, m mn chn (7) cho ln lt nguyn
liu vo ri dng tay vn nng ci ln cao sau cho cu nh bt nm trong ci, y mn
chn li.
+ Nhn nt ON cho motor hot ng lm quay cu nh bt trn u nguyn liu.
+ Sau khi nguyn liu t yu cu, nhn OFF dng my, dng tay vn h ci
xung ly khi bt ra.
+ my ngui khong 15 pht ta tip tc lm m tip theo, v nh th s lm cho
my c thi gian ngh ngi trnh cho my lm vic ht cng sut lm gim tui th my.
+ Sau khi nh xong, v sinh sch s thit b v ni lm vic.
2. Thit b nng
+Nhim v:
Nng bnh chn,gp phn hon thin sn phm.
+ Cu to:
Hnh 2.6 : L nng
- Trong l c h thng dn gas trn v di. gas i u trong l nh vo h thng qut

thi.
50
- ng h kim sot nhit .

- ng h hn gi.
- B phn kim sot gas.
- B phn nh la.
+ Cch vn hnh
- Trc khi vn hnh my cn kim tra li y cc thng s cn thit.
- Bt cng tt (ON) cho my hot ng, iu chnh nt nhit ti nhit 100 0C
nhm lm cho my nng, thi gian khong 5- 7 pht.
- Cho bnh vo tng tng, tin hnh nng theo 3 giai on ti nhng thi im nhit
khc nhau.
- iu chnh thi gian cho my t ng tt.
- Bnh chn ly ra v ko cng tt v (OFF).
- V sinh my sau khi s dng xong.
3.My nh trng
+ Nhim v:
-
Dng nh trng gip to bt ph v h cu trc gip qu trnh nho trn.
+ Cu to :
-
Hai que nh
Cng tc iu khin
Phch cm in
Ci
+ Cch vn hnh :
Hnh 2.7: My nh trng
- t my nghing khong 45 .
- Gn que nh trng vo my.
- Gi my lun c nh, ch c th trng di chuyn ri nhn ntON.
51
- My c 3 mc tc chn mc 1 ,sau o tng ln mc 2. sau khi hn hp t chun

. Tt my.
-
V sinh my sch s.
52
Chng 3: Xy dng GMP v SSOP

3.1.Xy dng GMP cho quy trnh sn xut.
3.1.1.Khi nim GMP
1.nh ngha v GMP
GMP(Good Manufacturing Practices) l thc hnh sn xut tt gm cc bin php,
thao tc thc hnh cn tun th nhm m bo sn xut nhm m bo sn xut ra nhng sn
phm t yu cu v cht lng.
2.Vai tr ca GMP
Quy nh cc yu cu v thao tc, v sinh chung v bin php ngn nga cc yu
t gy nhim xm nhp vo thc phm do diu kin v sinh km.
3.Phm vi ca GMP
- Kim sot t nguyn liu u vo n sn phm cui cng
- Xy dng v p dng cho tng sn phm hoc nhm sn phm c th
Hnh thc: quy phm sn xut c trnh by di dng vn bn vi nhng
ni dung sau y:
- Tn v a ch c s sn xut
- Tn sn phm
- S v tn quy phm
Ni dung:
- Quy trnh (m t cc thao tc chnh ti cng on)
- Gii thch/ l do (v sao phi c cng on)
- Cc th tc cn tun th ( tt c cc quy nh, thao tc cn thc hin m
bo cht lng sn phm). Trnh by theo ng trt t trong sn xut.
- Phn cng trch nhim v biu mu gim st: phn cng c th t ngi chu
trch nhim gin tip, trc tip i vi vic thc hin quy phm. Ai l ngi t chc thc
hin, ai l ngi trc tip thc hin ng quy phm, ai l ngi gim st vic thc hin quy
phm? Kt qu gim st c ghi vo biu mu gim st no?
- Ngy, thng, nm v ch k ph duyt ca ngi c thm quyn.
T chc thc hin:
- Tp hp tt c cc ti liu cn thit
53
- Thit lp chng trnh GMP bao gm: thit lp s quy trnh, thit lp quy
trnh, son tho cc quy phm, thit lp cc biu mu gim st
- Thm tra li chng trnh
- Ph duyt p dng
- o to
- Phn cng thc hin
- Gim st thc hin
- Lu tr h s
Phng php xy dng GMP
xy dng GMP cho mt mt hng hay mt nhm mt hng c th phi da
trn dy chuyn sn xut ca sn phm. T , xy dng mt hoc nhiu quy phm cho mt
cng on hoc ngc li. Khi tin hnh xy dng quy phm ti mt cng on cn phi thc
hin theo cc bc:
- Nhn din cc yu t c th nh hng n cht lng sn phm.
- ra cc yu cu, th tc hot ng cn tun th m bo c cc yu t .
- m bo t c cc mc tiu hooc thng s ra.
- Cc quy inh, th tc trong quy phm cn c ra tun theo trnh t nht
nh trong sn xut.
3.1.2.Phn tch thc trng nh my da trn yu cu ca GMP
3.1.2.1. a im v mi trng xung quanh
V tr ca cng ty c phn Thc Xanh nm gn khu vc ch u mi nn rt thun tin
v mt giao thng cho vic chuyn ch nguyn liu cng nh sn phm.
Mi trng xung quanh khng b nhim, thong mt, c trng cy xanh v hoa
king, sn ca cng ty c cn nha, lun c v sinh sch s, khng b ng nc khi
tri ma.
Ngun in cung cp cho cng ty lun c m bo, khi b cp in c my pht
in d phng.
Ngun nc m cng ty s dng nc my c bn cha ln d tr v c lp t h
thng x l nc m bo vic cung cp nc sch cho sn xut.
3.1.2.2. Thit k v b tr nh xng
Nh xng cng ty c thit k kh tt, cc ca ra vo u c rm ngn chn trnh
s xm nhp ca ng vt gy hi v cn trng.
54
C kch thc ph hp, thun li cho cng nhn lu thng v thao tc trong qu trnh
sn xut.
Thun li cho vic lm v sinh v kh trng.
Cc khu sng, sy, phn loi, trn bt u c ngn cch vi nhau bng tng c
rm ngn chn trnh s nhim cho gia cc cng on. Tuy nhin vic b tr phng ng
gi cha hp l v khi thnh phm ng gi xong phi vn chuyn qua khu nguyn liu tng
nguy c gy nhim cho cho sn phm.
Dy chuyn cng ngh c b tr theo nguyn tc thng dng ch U.
Hn ch ti mc thp nht kh nng ly nhim.
3.1.2.3. Kt cu nh xng ch bin
a. Nn
Nn nh xng c lm cao hn so vi mt t khong 1 m.
Nn c b mt cng, chu ti trng.
Sch s, kh ro, khng thm nc, ng nc, nhn, khng trn, c nghing thch
hp.
Khng c khe nt, vt nt.
Gia nn v tng c gc ln d lm v sinh v kh trng m bo khng tch t t,
ct, rc bn. Ti cc cng thot ra c li chn gia nn v tng c gc ln d dng thot
nc khi ty ra v sinh.
b.Tng
Tng khng thm nc, quanh tng c p gch men, gch c mu trng sng, b
mt nhn, khng b nt hay li lm, cc mi ghp kn.
D v sinh v kh trng.
Cc ng ng, dy dn c t chm trong tng hoc c bc gn gng.
c.Trn
Trn c lm bng cc tm tn khng g, khng c khe h, khng ht m, cch nhit,
bn chc.
Bn di cc tm tn c ng thm laphng mu sng d lm v sinh v kh trng,
khong cch t nn n trn nh l 3,5 m.
d.Ca s, ca ra vo
Ca ra vo lun ng kn, lm bng vt liu bn, d v sinh v kh trng.
55
Ca s c lm bng knh, c li chn cn trng, l thng gi m thng ra ngoi.

li chn cn trng d tho lp v lm v sinh.
Ca v cc ca c b mt nhn, sch, khng thm nc v lun ng kn.
Ca ra vo phng ch bin khng m thng trc tip vi khu vc v sinh v khu cha
cht thi.
e. H thng thng gi
Tt c cc phng trong khu vc sn xut u c gn h thng qut ht c li lc hn
ch lng m d, ngn chn s tch t m trn trn nh v thi i cc mi hi, khng kh
nng, khi bi ra ngoi.
f. H thng chiu sng
Tt c cc khu vc ch bin, cc phng sn xut u c chiu sng bng n Neon
di 1,2 m c nh sng trng, bo tr tt, m bo sng lm vic, cc n u c khung
bng nha trong sut bo v bn ngoi.
3.1.2.4. My mc thit b v dng c ch bin
Bn ch bin trong cc khu tip nhn, phn loi, thnh phm u c lm bng
inox, mt bn nhn, phng. Ring vi bn ca khu tip nhn nguyn liu c nghing v
mt pha v ti u nghing c mng dn y sn phm xung, cc bn bn c vch chn,
khng sn si, nt n, d lm v sinh, kh trng.
Khay, r c lm bng nha khng c, khng nhum mu vo thc phm, d lm
v sinh v kh trng.
Cc bn ra l da c lm bng inox di y c l thot nc khi cn v sinh.
Cc bn trn gia v lm bng inox, c np y.
Thit b sng, sy, my ng gi lun c v sinh sch s, c bit l cc b mt tip
xc vi sn phm.
m bo nhin liu, du nhn, mnh kim loi khng ri vo sn phm bng cc bin
php che chn.
Cc khp ni lun m bo chc chn trnh c vt, inh, ph tng lp rp ri vo
sn phm.
Thit b c b tr, lp t cc v tr thch hp, m bo cha khong trng gia
thit b v tng, gia thit b ny vi thit b khc.
Cc dng c cha ph liu lm bng nha, c np y v c lm v sinh sch s, st
trng sau mi ca sn xut trnh nguy c gy nhim.
56
3.1.2.5 H thng cung cp nc

H thng b cha nc dng cho sn xut v m bo an ton v sinh.
B cha nc c np y v thng xuyn c v sinh sch s.
H thng ng ng m bo an ton v sinh.
3.1.2.6 Phng tin lm v sinh v kh trng
Phng tin lm v sinh nh xng l cc thng rc, chi nha, ht ph phm rt
trn nn bng nha, cy lau nh, x nha v xe lau nh chuyn dng.
Khu vc ra dng c c b tr ring, ti khu vc ra dng c c 3 bn lm bng vt
liu khng g, d c ra. Bn c l thot nc v ln nhng ngp cc dng c sn xut.
C gi, k ng cc thit b lm v sinh.
C y cc tm cc, x bng v sinh.
C phng thay bo h lao ng ring bit cho nam v n, trong phng c trang b y
cc gi treo qun o, t c nhn, c gi giy cho cng nhn v khch tham quan.
B st trng ng gm c 3 b c b tr ti ca chnh vi kch thc theo tiu chun,
c cha nc chlorine nng 200 ppm bt buc cng nhn phi bc vo b, khng th
bc qua c.
Nh v sinh nam v n ring bit, hai phng dnh cho nam v hai phng dnh cho n,
tng cng nh v sinh c 19 ci. mi phng u c giy, nc x. C 11 h thng ra tay
t ng trong nh v sinh c lp t pha trn va tm tay v c x bng, nc y .
Tng, nn nh v sinh c lt gch men trng, khng thm nc, d ra v lau chi, kh
trng.
H thng ra v kh trng tay: c vi nc ra tay t ng, c nc sch v x
bng nc ra tay, dung dch st trng tay l cn, sau lau kh tay bng khn sch hoc
dng kh nng t ng. H thng ny c t v tr thch hp (trc khi vo phng ch
bin).
3.1.2.7.An ton lao ng
X nghip c u cc phng tin phng chy cha chy ( h thng b nc, bnh
cha chy)
C h thng chung bo ng v li thot an ton trong trng hp khn cp.
3.1.2.8.H thng kim sot cht lng
C dng c, phng tin gim st, kim tra nhanh trong qu trnh sn xut: cn,
nhit k, my d kim loi, my iu ho nhit ...
57
C phng th nghim phc v cho cng tc qun l cht lng. Trong phng th
nghim trang b y ho cht tin hnh cc php o v phn tch.
Bng 3.1: Bng nh gi thc trng ton b mt bng ca x nghip theo yu cu
ca GMP
STT
Hng mc
1
2
3
V tr
C s h tng
B tr cc phng chc
4
5
nng
Hnh lang li i
Sn nh
t
X
X
X
nh gi
Cha t
Hin trng
Kin ngh
C khu vc sn b
Lt gch mi
bng b
C vt nt
Sa lI ch
Tng
nt
7
8
9
10
11
Trn
Cu thang, ca
H thng chiu sng
H thng thng gi
Thit b v dng c
X
X
X
X
X
Thit b dng c
Trang b
cn th s
thm thit b
hin i hn
12
13
14
15
H thng cung cp nc
H thng thot nc
H thng x l nc thi
Phng tin v sinh v
X
X
X
X
16
17
kh trng
An ton lao ng
H thng kim sot cht
X
X
lng
3.1.3. Xy dng quy phm sn xut tt GMP:

Bng 3.2: Ni dung quy phm sn xut cho sn phm bnh bng lan cun
Th t GMP
Ni dung
GMP 01
Tip nhn nguyn liu

58
GMP 02
Chun b nguyn liu
GMP 03
Nho bt
GMP 04
Chia bt
GMP 05
Nng
GMP 06
Lm ngui
GMP 07
Lm nhn kem du
GMP 08
nh hnh
GMP 09
ng gi
GMP 10
Bo qun
QUY PHM SN XUT TT

Tn sn phm: Bnh bng lan cun kem
GMP 01: Cng oan tip nhn nguyn liu
1.Quy trnh
Tt c nguyn liu, bao b khi nhn vo u c kim tra ti khu tip nhn
nguyn liu theo tiu chun.
Bng 3.3: Bng tiu chun tip nhn nguyn liu
59
Nguyn liu
Bt m
Trng g
ng
Mui
Du thc vt
Carton, bao b
Ch tiu kim
Mc chp nhn
1/ Mu sc
Trng ng mn.
2/ Mi
Khng mi l.
3/ m
12-14 %
4/ Gluten
Theo tiu chun 867 Q-BYT
V sch, rn, p v trng khng c mi l, lng trng

ng u.
ti, ng u, c
1/ mu sc
Trng
2/ V
Ngt
3/ m
1%
* Kt lun
C 3 ch tiu trn khng t th khng nhn hng.
1/ mu sc
Trng mn
2/ V
Mn
3/ m
0.3 %
* Kt lun
1/ Mu sc
C 3 ch tiu trn khng t th khng nhn hng.

Vng golden
2/ Mi
c trng khng gt du
3/ FFA
<= 0.03 %
4/ PV
<=0.3 Meq/kg
*Kt lun
1/ S lng
Cc ch tiu khng t khng nhn hng.

ng qui cch, ng s lng.
2/ Qui cch
Carton, bao b c cc nhn vin kho kim tra
3/ M s
trc khi nhp kho.
4/ Cc thnh phn Tt c cc nguyn vt liu khng ng qui cch,

trn bao b, tem, sai thnh phn khng nhn hng.
nhn.
2.Gii thch
Kim tra nguyn liu u vo ng theo chng loi, cht lng t theo tiu chun qui
nh ca cng ty.
Kim tra loi b ngay t u nhng nguyn liu, bao b khng t tiu chun, m
bo khi nguyn liu, bao b a vo sn xut hoc a vo kho bo qun phi t tiu chun
t ra.
3.Cc th tc cn tun th
60
a. Chun b
-
Khu vc tip nhn nguyn liu phi v sinh sch s trc khi tin hnh tip nhn
Ch s dng cc dng c ( r, r, thau, chu,) c lm v sinh sch s

tip nhn nguyn liu.
Cng nhn tham gia sn xut phi v sinh c nhn sch s v mang y
BHL trc khi tip xc vi thc phm.
b. Thao tc
-
Cng nhn thao tc m bo ng yu cu, ng quy cch.
Phi c giy kim dch ca chi cc th y hay th hng t nh cung cp nguyn

liu, KCS mi tin hnh kim tra cht lng nguyn liu nu khng t yu cu
th tr li l hng .
Nguyn liu phi c vn chuyn v trong bao b sch, phi c y kn.
Cng nhn, nhn vin KCS kim tra loi b nhng nguyn lu khng t yu
cu.
4.Phn cng trch nhim v biu mu gim st

-
Qun c chu trch nhim thc hin quy phm ny.
Cng nhn c trch nhim lm ng quy phm ny.
Qun l, KCS chu trch nhim gim st vic thc hin qui phm ny, kt qu
gim st c ghi vo biu mu gim st.
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 02: Chun b nguyn liu
1.Quy trnh
Thnh phn nguyn liu chnh gm
- Bt m: c ray k cng loi b cc tp cht.
- Trng: c cng nhn tch lm i v chia ra thnh lng ring v lng trng
ring.
61
- ng: c xay nhuyn sao cho mn l c, mc ch ca giai on ny l cho

ng d ha tan trong giai on tip theo d dng hn, trnh hin tng ng ha tan
khng ht trong hn hp nguyn liu.
- Nc: dng ngun nc c kim tra.
Thnh phn nguyn liu ph gm
- B, tinh sa, mui, cc ph gia: phn chia s lng tng m thch hp.
2.Gii thch
Qu trnh ny c mc ch l chun b nguyn liu t tiu chun a vo
cc qu trnh sn xut tip theo.
a.Chun b
- Khu vc chun b nguyn liu phi sch s.
- Cc dng c phi cv sinh sch s trc khi s dng.
- Cng nhn mc y bo h lao ng trc khi lm vic.
- Ch cho php cng nhn cng on chun b khu vc khu vc ny.
b.Thao tc
- Cng nhn thao tc m bo ng yu cu, ng thao tc.
- KCS theo di thao tc cng nhn chun b nguyn liu c ng k thut khng.

- Qun c chu trch nhim thc hin quy phm ny.
- Cng nhn c trch nhim lm ng quy phm ny.
- Cn b gim st cht lng chu trch nhim gim st: hng dn, kim tra thao
tc ca cng nhn, loi b nguyn liu h hng nu c.
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 03: Cng on nho bt
1.Quy trnh
62
- Cho ng + trng nh trn + tinh sa + nc + ph gia vo ci v nh to

thnh hn hp ng nht .
- Sau cho bt m vo ci, trn chung vi thnh phn nguyn liu trn
- Tip theo ta cho ph gia vo nh trn, thy bt ni ln cao 2/3 ci th h tc
xung, tip tc cho du + b vo v nh trn n khi t mc yu cu.
2.Gii thch
- Nho trn gip cho cc nguyn liu c trn ln vo nhau to thnh khi ng
nht.
a.Chun b
- Bn, dng c, khay cha ng, my nho trn, cn phi c v sinh sch s.
- Cng nhn phi v sinh sch s trc khi tip xc vi nguyn liu.
- Nc dng nho trn phi m bo an ton v sinh (SSOP)
- Ch cho php nhng ngi c nhim v mi vo khu vc ny.
b.Thao tc
- KCS v t trng khu vc nho trn theo di thao tc ca cng nhn c ng yu
cu k thut khng.
- Kim tra li t l nguyn liu cn c ng vi cng thc khng.
- Qun c phn xng chu trch nhim t chc v thc hin quy phm ny.
- Cng nhn c trch nhim thc hin quy phm ny.
- KCS theo di v kim tra thao tc ca cng nhn
- Kt qu gim st c ghi vo bo co gim st .
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 04: Cng on chia bt
1.Quy trnh
- Bt c cho vo khun 60cm x 40cm.
63
- Trng lng khong 2.2 kg v c dn u trn b mt khun.

- To vn cho bt trn khun
2.Gii thch
- nh lng cho sn phm
- To hoa vn cho bnh
- a dng ha sn phm.
a.Chun b
- Bn, dng c, khun phi c v sinh sch s.
- Khu vc chia bt phi m bo v sinh sch s.
- Cng nhn khun phi m bo v sinh, trang b y bo h lao ng.
- Ch ngi c nhim v mi c vo khu vc ny, nhm trnh nhim cho.
b.Thao tc
- Kim tra nguyn liu trc m bo qu trnh khun.
- Chuyn giao bn thnh phm cho b phn lin quan.
- V sinh sch s khu vc lm vic trc khi kt thc ca sn xut.
- KCS v t trng khu vc theo di thao tc ca cng nhn c ng yu cu k
thut khng.
- Qun c v t trng chu trch nhim t chc thc hin qui phm ny.
- Cng nhn tham gia sn xut c trch nhim thc hin ng qui phm ny.
- Qun l v KCS c trch nhim gim st vic thc hin qui phm ny, kt qu
gim st c ghi chp y vo biu mu gim st
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 05: Cng on nng
1.Quy trnh
- Cc khun bnh c a vo l nng. Nng n chn vng t yu cu.
64
- Nhit nng ca bnh:

Nhit b mt : khong 190 200 0C
Nhit ty : khong 160- 170 0C
Thi gian nng bnh khong 20 pht sau bnh chn cho ra l.
2.Gii thch
- Nng bnh c mc ch ch bin, lm chn bnh, gip bnh c mu sc p,
hng v thm ngon. Ngoi ra khi nng bnh , m ca bnh gim xung thun
li cho qu trnh bo qun. Do nng bnh cng c mc ch bo qun.
a.Chun b
- Khu vc nng phi v sinh sch s.
- L nng phi thng xuyn v sinh, v bo tr.
- Cng nhn khu nng m bo ra tay v sinh sch s, mc y bo h lao
ng.
- Ch cho php cng nhn khu nng v nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c
vo khu vc ny.
b.Thao tc
- Kim tra v sinh khu vc l nng v khu vc ch bin.
- KCS theo di kim tra thao tc lm vic v vn hnh my ca cng nhn m bo
thI gian nng ng yu cu.
- Qun c v t trng chu trch nhim t chc v thc hin quy phm ny.
gim st c ghi chp y vo biu mu gim st
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 06: Cng on lm ngui
65
1.Quy trnh
- Lm ngui bnh nhit phng trong thi gian 30 pht.
- n nh cu trc bnh v to iu kin cho vic nh hnh.
2.Gii thch
- To hnh dng sn phm theo yu cu. ng thi giai on ny gip bnh n nh
c cu trc.
a.Chun b
- Khu vc lm ngui phi v sinh sch s, m bo an ton v sinh.
- Cng nhn ch bin phi m bo v sinh v trang b y bo h lao ng
- Ch cho php ngi c trch nhim mi c vo.
b.Thao tc
- Kim tra v sinh khu vc ch bin.
- KCS theo di kim tra thao tc lm vic ca cng nhn m bo thi bnh c
lm ngui hp l.

gim st c ghi chp y vo biu mu gim st.
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 07: Cng on nhn kem du
1.Quy trnh
- Trng v ng c xay nhuyn v trn u vo nhau nhng khng cho trng
ni bt. K n phi trn vi shortening thnh mt hn hp dng paste. Sau phi
trn thm hng v mu v thnh phm kem du.
66
2.Gii thch
- Gip to hnh bnh.
- Tng hng v v a dng ha sn phm bnh bng lan cun kem.
a.Chun b
- Bn, dng c, khay cha ng, my nho trn, my nh trng , cn phi c v
sinh sch s.
- Cng nhn phi v sinh sch s trc khi tip xc vi nguyn liu.
- Cng nhn tham gia sn xut phi v sinh c nhn sch s v mang y BHL
(ng, m trm u, khu trang, tp d vi, bao tay nylon) trc khi tip xc vi
thc phm.
- Ch cho php ngi c nhim v mi c vo.
b.Thao tc
- Cng nhn trn ng cc nguyn liu theo t l yu cu.
- Cng nhn vn hnh my trn v my nh trng ng yu cu k thut.
- KCS kim tra thao tc vn hnh v phi trn nguyn lu ca cng nhn.
gim st c ghi chp y vo biu mu gim st .
QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 08: Cng on nh hnh
1.Quy trnh
- Chun b giy lt
- Bnh ra l p bnh ln giy chun b sn cho mt bnh phn ty ln trn.
- Qut nhn kem du ln bnh ri dng giy cun trn bnh li, thao tc phi nhanh.
67
- Sau x giy cun ra lm hai bnh khng b nhn mt, mt bnh khng b dnh
vo giy cun
- Sau ct bnh thnh tng phn ty theo yu cu .
2.Gii thch
- To hnh dng sn phm theo yu cu. ng thi giai on ny gip bnh n nh
c cu trc.
a.Chun b
- Kim tra cht lng giy lt.
- Khu vc ch bin phI sch s trc khi tin hnh ch bin.
- Cc dng c ch bin phI v sinh sch s.
- Cng nhn ch bin phi m bo v sinh v trang b y bo h lao ng.
Ch cho php ngi c nhim v mi c vo.
b.Thao tc
-
Cng nhn nh hnh sn phm phI m bo gi ng quy cch yu cu k

thut ca sn phm.
Nhn vin KCS kim tra thao tc ca cng nhn, loI b ngay nhng sn phm
b rch ,h, cun khng ng k thut.

QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 09: Cng on ng gi
1.Quy trnh
68
Sn phm c bao gi theo phng php th cng bng cch cho vo hp nha
vi kch thc 19 x 11cm, hp coa mu trng trong. Bao gi nhit phng 20
0
C-
220C.
2.Gii thch
-
Gi cht lng sn phm, to hnh thc b ngoi thun tin cho qu trnh bo
qun v vn chuyn sn phm, ng thi lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.
a.Chun b
-
Khu vc ng gi phi c v sinh sch s.
Kim tra bao b phi ng kch thc khng b hng, v phi ng chun loi.
Cng nhn v sinh sch s mc y bo h lao ng.
Ch cho php ngi c nhim v mi c vo khu vc ng gi
b.Thao tc
-
Cng nhn ct kch thc bnh.
Cng nhn v bao ng yu cu k thut, khng lm h hng sn phm.
KCS kim tra thao tc ng gi ca cng nhn, m bo ng yu cu quy nh.

Nu pht hin sqai st cn sa cha ngay

QUY PHM SN XUT TT
GMP 10: Cng on bo qun
1.Quy trnh
-
Chuyn Hng sau khi ng thng carton qua kho thnh phm qua ca t v.
Xp hng trn cc pallet sch theo tng chng loi.

69
Dng xe nng chuyn pallet hng v xp theo tng l v ng theo tng chng
c xp ln cc pallet sch theo tng chng loi, dng xe nng chuyn n
loi.
kho thnh phm bo qun.
2.Gii thch
-
Bo qun hng.
Tp trung hng mt ni d dng cho qu trnh xut hng.
-
Cng nhn phi v sinh c nhn v thay BHL trc khi vo xng lm vic.
Kho bo qun phi kn, kh ro, sch s, khng c mi l, khng c cn trng,
ng vt gm nhm.khng dng dp bn i trn cc thng hng trong qu trnh ly mu hoc

xut hng.
carton.
Xp cc pallet hng cch tng >50cm, cch l >30cm, chiu cao <08 thng
Nhn iu c vn chuyn bng cc phng tin kh, sch, khng c mi l.
Bc xp phi cn thn, nh nhng, trnh va p gy b v nhn v rch bao b.

-
Khng dng xe nng bn ngoi vn chuyn hng bn trong kho.

-
Qun c phn xng ng gi chu trch nhim t chc thc hin v duy tr
quy phm ny.

-
Th kho chu trch nhim qun l xut nhp hng ha ti kho v ghi chp
thng tin vo Phiu nhp kho thnh phm, Phiu gim st tnh trng lu kho.
-
Cng nhn c giao nhim v nhp hng chu trch nhim thc hin ng
yu cu ni dung quy phm.

3.2. Xy dng quy phm v sinh chun SSOP
3.2.1. Khi nim chung
1.nh ngha
SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure) l mt quy phm v sinh chun,
l quy trnh lm v snh v th tc kim sot v sinh ti cng ty.
2. Vai tr ca SSOP
70
Gip chng ta thc hin cc mc tiu, th tc ra trong GMP.Lm gim mi

nguy, t lm gim thiu s im kim sot ti hn trong k hoch HACCP, lm cho hiu
qu k hoch HACCP tng ln.
SSOP cn thit ngay c khi cha thc hin k hoch HACCP.
3.Phm vi ca SSOP
Bng 3.4: Bng ni dung quy phm v sinh chun cho cng ty
Th t SSOP
Ni dung
SSOP 01
An ton v ngun nc
SSOP 02
V sinh b mt tip xc vi sn phm
SSOP 03
Ngn nga s nhim cho
SSOP 04
Kim sot v sinh c nhn
SSOP 05
Bo v sn phm trnh cc tc nhn ly nhim
SSOP 06
Bo qun v s dng ho cht c hi
SSOP 07
Kim sot sc kho ca cng nhn
SSOP 08
Kim sot ng vt gy hi
SSOP 09
Kim sot cht thi
4. Hnh thc v ni dung ca SSOP

Sau y l hnh thc v ni dung ca cc SSOP c xy dng di dng vn bn
bao gm:
Cc thng tin v hnh chnh:
- Tn, a ch cng ty.
- Tn mt hng, nhm mt hng.
- S v tn qui phm v sinh.
- Ngy v ch k ca ngi c thm quyn ph duyt.
Phn chnh bao gm 4 ni dung:
- Yu cu ( hay mc tiu ): Cn c ch trng ca cng ty v cht lng v cc qui nh
ca c quan c thm quyn.
71
- iu kin hin nay: M t iu kin thc t ca cng ty ( cc ti liu gc, s

minh ha nu c).
- Cc th tc cn thc hin:
- Phn cng thc hin v gim st:
o Biu mu ghi chp.
o Cch gim st.
o Phn cng ngi gim st.
o Tn sut gim st.
Thc hin v ghi chp hnh ng sa cha.
3.2.2.Xy dng SSOP cho dy chuyn sn xut
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN
SSOP 01: AN TON V NGUN NC.
1.Yu cu:
Nc dng cho ch bin sn xut, v sinh b mt tip xc vi thc phm ch s dng
ngun nc sch v an ton qua h thng lc x l nc.
2. iu kin hin nay ca cng ty:
Nc s dng trong sn xut: Cng ty s dng ngun nc thu cc ca thnh ph v
x l bng h thng lc.
Nc dng v sinh cng nhn l nc thu cc ca thnh ph.
H thng ng cp nc c lm bng nha, b tr gn gng gia cc khu vc sn
xut, khng c s ni cho gia h thng ng cp nc v h thng ng thot nc.
Cng ty c trang b my bm nc, my pht in d phng trong trng hp cp
nc, cp in. C b nc d tr th tch 100 m 3.
3. Cc th tc cn thc hin:
Bo tr, kim sot v lm v sinh cc h thng cung cp v cha nc:
Kim tra h thng ng ng ngn nga hin tng chy ngc. m bo ng ng

khng b tc nghn, lp tc thay ng ng b h ( nu c ).
72
B cha nc d tr c lm v sinh 6 thng/1 ln. thc hin bo tr bo dng h

thng ng ng cung cp nc thng xuyn.
Kim sot cht lng nc:
Ly mu nc theo k hoch nh k 6 thng 1 ln, em i xt nghim ti Trung tm

Y T d phng Tnh kim tra cht lng nc nhm kp thi khc phc khi c nhng sai
st t ngun nc hay ng ng dn nc.
4. Phn cng trch nhim v gim st:
Qun l phn xng chu trch nhim t chc thc hin qui phm ny.
Cng nhn ph trch cng vic x l nc hng ngy c trch nhim kim tra thit
b v h thng ng ng cung cp nc. Nu c s c phi bo ngay v sa cha.
Cn b gim st c trch nhim theo di kt qu phn tch mu nc, nu c vn v
an ton ngun nc phi bo ngay cho i trng i HACCP tm cch khc phc.
Cn b gim st c trch nhim kim tra li tnh trng v sinh ca h thng cung cp
nc nh k.
5. H s lu tr:
Tt c h s ghi chp trong qu trnh gim st, kt qu xt nghim ho l, vi sinh v
cc bin bn c lin quan c lu tr trong 2 nm.
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN
SSOP 02: V SINH CC B MT TIP XC VI THC PHM
1.Yu cu
Cc thit b, dng c c b mt tip xc trc tip vi sn phm phi c lm t
cc vt liu khng tit cht c vo bao b cha ng thc phm. Chng phi c b mt
trn nhn, d lm sch, khng thm nc.
Phi m bo tnh trng v sinh ca cc thit b, dng c, bao b bao gi trc tip
khng l nguyn nhn lm mt an ton thc phm khi sn phm tip xc trc tip vi bao b.
2.iu kin hin nay ca cng ty
Tt c cc bn dng trong sn xut hoc cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm u c
lm bng nhm hoc inox.
Cc khun nng bnh c lm bng inox.
Cc dng c cha ng nh khay, r u c lm bng nha.
73
Cc pallet dng k nguyn liu, bao b u c lm bng nha hoc bng g.

Tt c cc my mc, thit b, dng c ch bin u c lm sch trc mi ca sn
xut.
Ha cht ty ra nh my s dng l x phng, ha cht kh trng l cn, dung dch
chlorine 5% vi hot tnh 75%, cn 960.
3.1 Yu cu chung:
-
V sinh hng ngy: trc khi sn xut tt c cc my mc, thit b, dng c sn
xut phi c lm v sinh sch s (theo ng cch c hng dn trong mc ny).

-
Cc khay nha phi c lau chi sch s trc khi ng hng.
Dng khn sch ring lau bn trong v bn ngoi dng c, thit b.
X phng, chlorine cn phi ng ni quy nh, phi c dn nhn phn
bit v bo qun ng cch.

-
Cc dng c v sinh nh bn chi, chi lng g, x phng... phi ng ni
quy nh, c dn nhn nhn bit v bo qun ng cch.

-
Ch su dng cc dng c sch chuyn bit lm v sinh.
S dng xe nng hng, xe y hng bn trong v bn ngoi ring.
3.2 Chun b:
-
Ly sn dng c v sinh ti kho dng c v sinh: cy lau sn, cy qut mng
nhn, chi, bn chi, x phng, chlorine...ti phng lm v snh.

-
Pha dung dch st trng chlorine 140ppm ( pha c 100 lt dung dch
chlorine 140ppm th cn lng Chlorine tinh khit (hot tnh 70%) l:

100*140*100/70 =20000mg=20g
3.3 Cc bc thc hin:
a) Cch lm v sinh trn nh, tng, rm ca, ca nh xng, kho
-
Dng bt nilon che y hng ha, my mc, thit b, dng c trc khi qut
mng nhn, bi.

-
Dng chi lng g hoc chi nilon qut sch bi v mng nhn bm trn trn
nh, tng, cc gc tng, ca s, ca ra vo t trn xung di.

-
Dng khn sch thm nc vt ro lau ht mng bm, vt , vt bn bm trn
tng, gc tng, thanh ca s, ca ra vo, 2 bn mt rm ca, trn, tng.

b) Cch lm v sinh sn nh, khu vc ng gi:
-
Dng chi qut nh nhng sch ht rc, bi di sn nh t trong ra ngoi.
Ht sch rc cho vo thng rc bn ngoi phng sn xut.

74
Dng cy lau nh nhng vo dung dch x phng, vt ro nc ri lau sch
mng bm, vt , vt bn bm di sn nh.

-
Git cy lau nh tht sch ri nhng vo dung dch chlorine 140ppm, vt ro
sau lau li cho tht sch sn nh mt ln na.

c) Cch lm v sinh pallet:
-
Xi nc sch t u pallet
Xi dung dch x phng t u pallet.
Dng bn chi nha ch ra sch s cc vt bn, bi bm trn pallet.
Xi li bng nc sch cho sch ht x phng v cc vt bn.
Xi dung dch chlorine 140ppm t u pallet.
yn trong 15 pht, sau xi li bng nc sch.
Dng nghing pallet phi ng ni quy nh.
d) V sinh cc dng c cha ng bng nha nh khun, khay, chu:

-
Dn ht ng ha cn ng trong cc dng c cha vo bao PE/PA hoc khay
nha sch.
-
Xi nc sch t u cc dng c.
Dng bn chi v x phng ch mnh vo dng c loi b ht vt bn, bi
bm trn dng c t trong ra ngoi.

-
Xi nc sch cho sch x phng v bn.
Ngm dng c vo dung dch chlorine 140ppm trong thi gian 15 pht.
Xi li bng nc sch.
xp p cc dng c phi trn gi hoc bn theo quy nh.
e) V sinh dng c nh hnh, thit b trn bt, my nh trng

-
Dng khn sch thm nc, vt ro lau sch s cc vt bi bn, mng bm
trn dng c nh hnh, thit b trn bt, my nh trng.

-
Dng khn sch khc thm cn vt ro sau lau k li ton b n mt tip
xc ca dng c, thit b mt ln na.

f) V sinh xe y hng:
-
Xi nc t u ln xe
Xi dung dch x phng t u xe.
Dng bn chi ch ra sch s bi bn, mng bm trn xe.
Xi li bng nc sch ra tri x phng v bi bn.
Xi dung dch chlorine t u xe, yn trong 15 pht.
Sau xi li bng nc sch.

75
Dng nghing xe nng v phi ng ni quy nh.
3.4 Tn sut v sinh:

-
V sinh trn nh, tng, ca s: 1 thng/ln.
V sinh sn nh: u ca sn xut.
V sinh rm ce, ca ra vo: u gi sn xut.
H thng kho: tng v sinh 1 thng/ln.
V sinh pallet 1 tun/ln
V sinh dng c cha ng nh khun, khay, chu: cui ca sn xut.
My mc, thit b: u v cui ca sn xut
4.Phn cng trch nhim

ny.
Qun c cc phn xng chu trch nhim t chc v duy tr cc quy phm
Cng nhn c giao nhim v v sinh phi thc hin ng ni dung yu cu
ca quy phm ny.

-
QC chu trch nhim kim tra, gim st vic thc hin quy phm ny v nh
gi vo biu Phiu kim tra v sinh.
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN

SSOP 03: NGN NGA S NHIM CHO
1.Yu cu
Trnh ly nhim cho t cc vt th mt v sinh sang thc phm, cng nhn khu vc
khng sch sang khu vc sch, vt liu bao gi, cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm bao gm:
dng c, bao tay, bo h lao ng, mi trng khng sch sang mi trng sch v t ng
vt gy hi sang thc phm.
Mi trng xung quanh nh my sch v thong, c tng bao quanh ngn cch khu
vc sn xut vi bn ngoi.
Cc khu ch bin khc nhau c xy dng tch bit nh khu tip nhn nguyn liu,
khu hun trung, khu phn loi, khu ng gi sn phm.
Cc dng c sn xut v cc cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm u lm bng nha,
nhm hoc inox, khng thm nc, d lm v sinh v kh trng.
Cng nhn khng c php i li t do trong khu vc sn xut, ch bin.
76
Ca ra vo gia cc khu sn xut c gn ca t v trnh cn trng

-
Tun th cc yu cu v sinh c nhn v bo h lao ng trc v trong khi

lm vic ti cc khu vc sn xut.
Nguyn liu, bn thnh phm v thnh phm phi c vn chuyn theo

ng ng i quy nh. Khng vn chuyn chng theo li i cho ngi.
Khng s dng dng c v sinh nn v sinh cc b mt tip xc trc tip

vI sn phm.
Cng nhn khng c php t i t khu vc sn xut ny sang khu vc

sn xut khc nu khng c s iu ng ca trng ca/t trng. Khi di chuyn t
khu vc sn xut c cp sch thp hn sang khu vc c cp sch cao hn, buc
phi thc hin v sinh theo ng quy nh.
Khng s dng ln ln cc dng c cha ng ti cc khu vc khc nhau.
C phng thay BHLD c b tr tch bit vi khu vc sn xut.
H thng thot nc thi c thit k ng ng thch hp v n di t.
Rc c gi trong thng rc c np y, sau chuyn ra bi rc trung

chuyn vo cui ngy.
Bao b v cc ho cht s dng c bo qun ni ring bit.
4.Phn cng trch nhim:

-
Qun l c trch nhim t chc v thc hin qui phm ny.
Cng nhn tham gia sn xut phi thc hin ng qui phm ny.
KCS c trch nhim kim tra, gim st vic thc hin qui phm ny.
5. H s lu tr:
-
Bo co gim st v sinh hng ngy.
Bo co vi phm v hnh ng khc phc

QUY PHM V SINH CHUN
SSOP 04: KIM SOT V SINH C NHN
1.Yu cu
77
m bo ton b cng nhn trong nh my phi thc hin v sinh c nhn sch s v
mc trang phc BHL trc khi vo khu sn xut.
- Nh my c xy dng phng v sinh c nhn vi y phng tin nh cc bn
ra tay vi x phng, my sy lm kh tay, bnh xt cn kh trng tay m bo v
sinh cho cng nhn.
- Cng nhn c trang b trang phc BHL v c phng thay BHL.
3.Cc th tc cn thc hin
3.1 Yu cu chung:
-
Cng nhn khng c mng tay di, mang trang sc hay s dng du gi,
m phm to mi trong khu sn xut. Nu tay c vt try xt th phi bng b k bng bng
sch, nu chm tay vo ch bn th phi v sinh li ngay.
-
Vic ra vo khu sn xut phi i ng theo ca quy nh v c bo co r
rng vi ngi c trch nhim. Khi ri khi phng sn xut phi thay BHL v giy dp
ng ni quy nh. Khi tr li khu vc sn xut phi thc hin v sinh li v thay BHL.
-
Khng c n, ung, ht thuc, khc nh trong khu vc sn xut.
Kim tra v b sung x phng, cn kh trng vo u mi ca trc khi cng
nhn vo xng.
3.2 Chun b
-
Chun b x phng nc, cn, khn lau tay, bn chi nha ti kho dng c lm
v sinh trang b y cho phng v sinh c nhn.

-
Lm v sinh sch s, sp xp gn gng trong phng v sinh c nhn.
3.3 Cc bc thc hin

a) V sinh c nhn trc khi vo phng sn xut:
-
Thay giy dp v gn dp i bn ngoi ln ng k quy nh.
Thay qun o BHL, trm nn li hoc nn vi, eo khu trang sao cho ph
kn ht tc.
-
Lm t u hai bn tay bng nc sch: dng ci ch m nc (loi van gt)
hoc dng chn p (loi m bng chn) hoc xe hai b tay vo cm ng nhit trc vi
nc.
-
Dng x phng v bn chi nha ch ra t ci ch n bn tay, ch k cc
u ngn tay, mng tay, k tay.

-
Ra tay li bng nc sch.

78
Hng kh tay bng my sy hoc lau bng khn sch dng mt ln.Cng nhn
phi ra tay bng x phng tht k, ra li bng nc sch sau h kh bng my sy hoc
lau bng khn dng mt ln kh trng tay.
-
Bao bao tay sch v xt cn t u b mt ngoi ca bao tay trc khi vo
phng sn xut.
-
Ln ht tc dnh trn ngi trc khi vo phng sn xut.
b) V sinh c nhn khi ri khi phng sn xut (i v sinh, n ung...)

-
Bo vi cn b ph trch, ch i khi c cho php ca cn b ph trch.
i ra khu v sinh chung, thay BHL, thay giy dep v ng ni quy nh.
Khi tr li phng sn xut, ch bin phi thc hin li v sinh c nhn ging
nh mc a trn.
c) Trang b bo h lao ng
-
BHL nn thu tn trn o trnh nhm ln.
Tt c giy dp, qun o, khu trang, nn, bao tay phc v cho cng nhn ca
cc phn xng trong nh my c ch ra, git sch trc khi s dng.

-
Cch thc hin:
+ Qun o, khu trang, nn, bao tay vi c thu gom vo cui ca sn xut v giao
cho b phn git i thc hin vic git i.
+ Pha dung dch chlorine nng 60ppm.
+ Ngm BHL t u trong dung dch chlorine t nht 15 pht.
+ Ly BHL ra cho vo my git.
+ Cho bt git vo va vn hnh my git.
+ Khi git xong, ly BHL ra mc treo phi ni kh ro, sch s.
+ Khi BHL kh tin hng i v xp ngay ngn vo t.
d) Cch v sinh dp
-
Ngm dp vo dung dch x phng.
Dng bn chi ch sch cc vt bn bm trn dp.
Ra li dp tht k bng nc sch.
Ngm dp trong dung dch chlorine 140ppm trong 15 pht.
Ra dp li tht k bng nc sch.
Dng nghin dp, phi kh ng ni quy nh.
Khi dp kh, xp dp ln k dp sch dp i bn trong khu sn xut.
3.4 Tn sut lm v sinh

-
V sinh c nhn vo u ca sn xut hoc khi vo khu vc sn xut.

79
Git BHL, v sinh dp vo cui ca sn xut.
3.5 i vi khch tham quan

-
Thay giy dp v dp i bn ngoi ln k theo ng quy nh.
Mc BHL, trm nn, eo khu trang ng quy nh.
Thc hin v sinh c nhn ging nh mc a trn.
4.Phn cng trch nhim

-
Qun c cc phn xng chu trch nhim t chc thc hin v duy tr quy
KCS chu trch nhim hng dn, gim st vic thc hin quy phm v nhc
phm ny.
nh ngay nhng trng hp vi phm.
-
Cng nhn sn xut chu trch nhim thc hin ng quy phm ny.
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN
SSOP 05: BO V THC PHM KHNG B NHIM BN.
1. Yu cu:
Bo v thc phm, vt liu bao gi, cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm trnh tip xc
vi cc tc nhn ly nhim nh cht ty ra, rc thi
Cc b mt tip xc khng trc tip vi thc phm nh nn, tng, trn, ca nh v h
thng thot nc cng phi lun trong tnh trng sch s v bo tr thng xuyn.
Cc b mt tip xc trc tip vi thc phm c v sinh v gim st theo SSOP 03
Cc cht ty ra, ho cht c bo qun trong kho.
C h thng thng gi tt m bo i t ni sch sang ni t sch. Cc ca thng gi
c li bo v bng thp khng r m bo an ton v ngn cn s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt
gy hi.
Cc b mt khng tip xc trc tip vi thc phm:
Nn: c lt bng gch men trng, nhn, khng thm nc nn d lm v sinh. Mt
nn c nghing thch hp nn khng b ng nc.
Tng: c p gch men trng, khng thm nc, d lm v sinh.
Trn: c lm bng tn c mu sng, khng b bong trc.
80
Ca: Cc ca ln lm bng ca st ko, ca gia cc khu vc sn xut lm bng nhm

pha trn c mng chn bng vt liu khng r.
-
Khng tin hnh hot ng bo tr, sa cha my mc, thit b trong qu trnh
sn xut.
-
Thc hin cng tc v sinh my mc, thit b, dng c cha ng sn phm
trc v sau khi sn xut. Nu l sa cha nh, thi gian nhanh th cc sn phm, b mt
tip xc phi c che chn hiu qu.
-
Thc hin qu trnh bo dng thit b dng c theo ng phng php v
tn sut quy nh.

-
Cng nhn sa cha, bo tr my mc, thit b khi vo nh xng phi thc
hin ng ni quy v sinh c nhn v thay BHL theo quy nh.

-
Khng bo qun ha cht chung vi bao b ng gi, nguyn liu.
Bao b hoc ha cht c pht hin khng t yu cu phi c ring v
c dn nhn nhn bit.

-
Thng xuyn v sinh cc khu vc cha ng nguyn liu, vt t, bao b, ha
cht .
-
Nguyn liu, bao b, ha cht khng t cht lng phi c ring v c
dn nhn phn bit.

-
Kim tra h thng thng gi hng ngy nu b hng th tin hnh bo tr hoc
thay mi nu cn thit.
-
H thng bng n phi c mng chn bo v, thng ng rc phi c np y
kn.
-
Cc b mt tip xc khng trc tip vi thc phm:
Nn: Qut sch v lau bng nc x phng, sau lau li bng nc sch. Khu
s ch dng vi xt nc v qut sch.

-
Tng v ca dng gi thm nc lau chi sch hng ngy.
Tng v sinh phn xng sn xut 1 tun / 1 ln.

Qun l chu trch nhim t chc thc hin qui phm ny.
81
KCS c trch nhim kim tra, gim st vic thc hin qui phm ny.
5. H s lu tr:
Bo co gim st v sinh hng ngy.
Bo co vi phm v hnh ng khc phc.
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN
SSOP 06: BO QUN V S DNG HO CHT C HI.
1.Yu cu
Khng c ha cht, nguyn liu v vt t khng c php s dng trong doanh
nghip, khng ha cht c kh nng ly nhim sang thc phm.
S dng ha cht, nguyn liu v vt t ng hng dn s dng v ng mc ch s
dng.
Nguyn liu, vt t, bao b, ha cht khi xut kho phi c lnh hoc phiu ngh ca
lnh o.
- Nh my s dng x phng bt, x phng nc, cn, nc lau nh c ngun gc
xut x r rng.
- Thuc hun trng s dng dit su trng, mt l loi thuc nm trong danh mc
thuc c php s dng.
- Bao b, vt t, nguyn liu u c ngun gc, xut x r rng v c giy chng nhn
cht lng ca nh cung cp.
3.1Yu cu chung:
-
Khng nhn nguyn liu t ngun cung cp c cht lng khng ng tin cy,
nguyn liu b su trng, mt, dn keo hoc cc li nghim trng khc.

-
Khng nhn ha cht, ph gia thc phm khng r ngun gc.
Trng hp hng tr v phi lp bin bng tr hng.
Trng hp nhp nhn nhng ti ch hoc u trn th phi lp phiu ngh
ti ch hoc trn hng.

-
Nguyn liu, vt t, bao b, ha cht, ph gia thc phm khi xut kho phi c
lnh xut kho.

-
S dng vt t, bao b, ha cht, ph gia thc phm phi theo ng hng dn
v mc ch s dng.
82
3.2 Chun b
-
Ty thuc vo n hng ca khch hng m c k hoch nhp nguyn liu, bao
b, ha cht cho ph hp.

-
Cn c vo k hoch sn xut.
Cn c vo phiu ngh mua ha cht, vt t, bao b.
Tin hn tng hp v lm n t hng hoc i mua hng.
3.3. Cch thc hin

1998.
Kim tra cht lng nguyn liu theo tiu chun AFI-1999 hoc TCVN: 4850-
Kim tra giy chng nhn tiu chun cht lng sn phm ca nh cung cp.
Nhp kho nguyn liu, ha cht, vt t, bao b.
Lp phiu nhp kho nguyn liu, ha cht, vt t, bao b.
B tr cc kho ha cht ti cc khu vc ring bit cch li vi khu vc sn xut,
trang b y cc dng c chuyn dng c kh nng chu n mn, ph hy ca cc ha cht.

-
Khng nhp ha cht ca nh cung cp c cht lng khng ng tin cy,
khng r ngun gc xut x.

-
Ha cht phi c kim tra chc ch trc khi nhp kho. Phi c ngun gc,
xut x r rng, c giy chng nhn t tiu chun cht lng yu cu v dn nhn nhn bit.
-
S dng nguyn liu, vt t, ha cht ng hng dn s dng v ng mc
ch s dng.
-
Lun kim tra my mc, thit b bo m cht bi trn khng b r r ra ngoi.
3.4.Cch nhp hng

-
Ty theo yu cu t hng ca khch hng m phng k hoch ln k hoch
sn xut v t hng t cc nh cung cp.

-
Khi nhn hng, kim tra cht lng hng theo tiu chun AFI-1999 hoc
TCVN 4850-1998.
-
Kim tra giy chng nhn tiu chun cht lng sn phm ca nh cung cp.
Tin hnh nhp kho v lp phiu nhp kho.
4.Phn cng trch nhim

-
Trng phng kinh doanh, qun c cc phn xng, phng k thut chu
trch nhim t chc thc hin v duy tr quy phm ny.

-
QC chu trch nhim kim tra, gim st v nh gi vic thc hin quy phm
ny v ghi chp thng tin vo biu: Phiu theo di bo qun, s dng ha cht.
83
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN

SSOP 07: KIM SOT SC KHE CNG NHN
1.Yu cu:
m bo cng nhn sn xut trc tip phi m bo sc khe v khng l ngun
ly nhim vo thc phm.
Cng nhn khm sc khe trc khi tuyn dng v nh k 6 thng/1ln nhm pht
hin cc bnh c nguy c truyn nhim sang thc phm. Khi cng nhn pht hin b bnh th
s khng c tham gia sn xut ch bin cho n khi ht bnh.
Cng ty c mt phng Y t v c nhn vin trc thng xuyn.
Cc yu cu v thi gian lao ng v ch ngh php u theo qui nh ca lut lao
ng.
Cng nhn c trang b y BHL ( ng, gang tay, tp d, m trm tc, khu
trang ).
-
Cng nhn mi: phi c giy chng nhn sc khe lm vic.
Cng nhn lm vic ti nh my: trc khi v phng sn xut, ch bin cng
nhn phi c kim tra cc loi bnh nh: bnh truyn nhim, ri lon tiu ha, tiu chy,
vt thng nhim trng, m mt, tai, tay chn b l lot, t tay vt thng h, bnh ngoi
da.
-
Khm sc khe nh k: thc hin vic khm sc khe nh k cho cng nhn
01 ln/nm ti trung tm y t d phng hoc bnh vin cp huyn.

-
Khch tham quan: phi khai bo cc loi bnh nh bnh truyn nhim, cm,
st, ri lon tiu ha, vt thng nhim trng, m mt, tai, tay chn b l lot, vt thng h
tay, bnh ngoi da.
-
C h s theo di sc khe ca tt c c nhn trong nh my v c lu
tr y ti nh my.
-
Cng nhn khi c biu hin nng st, b bnh truyn nhim, bnh ngoi da...
khng c vo khu vc c sn phm cha bao gi m phi bo co vi trng ca c b

tr cng vic thch hp.
Nu tay b t hoc try xt th phi bng b v b tr cng vic khc ph.
84
4. Phn cng trch nhim v biu mu gim st:

Qun l c trch nhim t chc v thc hin qui phm ny.
KCS c trch nhim kim tra, gim st vic thc hin qui phm ny v ghi vo biu
mu gim st.
5. H s lu tr:
Theo di v sinh hng ngy.
Phiu kim tra sc kho ban u v nh k.
Cc trng hp bnh l v bin php x l.
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN

SSOP 08: NGN NGA V TIU DIT NG VT GY HI.
1.Yu cu:
Phi ngn nga v tiu dit ng vt gy hi ( cn trng, gm nhm,) trong khu vc
ca cng ty m bo ATVSTP.
2. Cc iu kin hin nay ca cng ty:
Cng ty c xy dng thong, kn, khng to iu kin cho cn trng n nu v pht
trin.
Cng ty c k hoch v bin php hu hiu chng cc loi gm nhm, cn trng. Phun
thuc dit cn trng theo nh k 3 thng/ln ( ty theo thi tit ), s dng by v thuc dit
chut.
Ti cc h ga c li chn v np y.
3.1.Yu cu chung:
-
Thc hin cng tc v sinh cc khu vc bn ngoi nh xng m bo khng
to iu kin ng vt gy hi c th n nu, trua ng.

-
Sp xp cc dng c khng s dng mt cch ngn np.

85
Thng xuyn ng kn ca ra vo khu vc sn xut.
nh k v sinh v kim tra rm ca, h thng li chn cn trng 1 ln/thng
c gii php khc phc kp thi khi li b rch, h.

-
Loi b cc khu vc dn d hoc to iu kin cho ng vt gy hi kim n,
sinh sn hoc n nu.

-
i vi xc chut cht c cha trong cc bch nilon dy but k ming ti
sau chuyn ra ngoi khu vc sn xut x l, c th chn hoc t.

3.2.Dit chut
a) Lp k hoch dit chut
-
Xc nh cc im cn t thuc
Thit lp s v tr t thuc
b) Thc hin dit chut

-
Tin hnh vic t thuc
Kim tra v nh gi kt qu
3.3.Hun trng
a) Lp k hoch hun trng: ty theo k hoch sn xut, lng hng ha trong kho
hun trng m nh my c k hoch lin h vi Cng ty hun trng thc hin vic hun trng.
b) Thc hin vic hun trng: da vo khi lng hng ha, nhn vin hun trng
tnh ton xc nh lng thuc hun trng cn s dng v thc hin qu trnh hun trng theo
ng quy nh.
3.4.Dit cn trng gy hi
a) Lp k hoch dit cn trng gy hi:
-
Xc nh khu vc cn trng c th xm nhp vo phng sn xut.
Chn khu vc cn phun thuc dit cn trng
Xc nh loi cn trng cn tiu dit a ra loi thuc ph hp.
b) Thc hin vic dit cn trng gy hi

-
Dng li thp khng g che chn l thng gi, cng thot nc phi c np
y, ca ra vo phi c rm che.
-
Cng nhn phun thuc dit cn trng phi mang khu trang, gng tay nilon
trc khi phun thuc. Cng nhn phun thuc trc tip xung sn ca kho cha, dc theo gc
tng, pha ngoi phm vi ca kho ra khong 5m.
sinh.
Tin hnh phun thuc bn ngoi kho ni c nghi ngh c mm su, mt pht
Tuyt i khng c phun thuc trc tip vo ht iu v cc bao cha iu.

86
3.5.Tn sut thc hin:

-
t b chut khi c du hiu ph hi ca chut.
Hun trng: khi kho y hng hoc thi gian lu kho qu 7 ngy.
Phun thuc ngn nga, dit cn trng gy hi: 02 ln/thng.
Che chn, mng, li, np cng: khi b h hng hoc b mt.
Lu : cc loi thuc s dng dit chut, hun trng v dit cn trng u phi l
nhng loi thuc nm trong danh mc thuc c php s dng.
4.Phn cng trch nhim
-
Ph trch t c in phi lp cc li, rm, np y ming cng nc thi
theo ng quy nh ca quy phm ny.

-
Cng nhn chu trch nhim phun thuc dit cn trng, t b chut chu trch
nhim thc hin theo ng ni dung quy phm ny v ghi chp thng tin vo biu Bo co
kt qu dit chut v biu: Phiu kim sot phun thuc dit cn trng.
-
Th kho hun trng chu trch nhim gim st vic hun trng
QC chu trch nhim kim tra v nh gi tnh hnh ng vt gy hi trong nh
my v ghi chp thng tin vo biu: Phiu kim tra tnh hnh ng vt gy hi.
QUY PHM V SINH CHUN
SSOP 09: KIM SOT CHT THI.
1.Yu cu:
Tt c cc loi rc thi phi c thu gom, c h thng x l khng gy nhim cho
thc phm.
2. iu kin hin ti ca cng ty:
Cng ty cha c h thng x l cht thi hon chnh, nc thi ch c x l s b
qua h thng lng, lc ri vo h thng thot nc cng cng.
H thng thot nc trong phn xng tng i tt.
i vi cht thi rn: c tp trung vo cc bao nylon hay thng cha v c ngi
thu mua n ly hng ngy lm thc n gia sc.
Cht thi lng: Cng ty phi c h thng x l nc thi, phi m bo h thng ny
thng xuyn hot ng tt v cng sut. Nc thi cha x l khng c thi trc tip
ra mi trng xung quanh. Rnh thot nc ca cng ty phi m bo chy t ni sch sang
87
ni t sch hn. Cc rnh thot nc phi m bo thot ht nc trong iu kin bnh

thng.
Khng c c s chy ngc.
Cht thi rn: Trong qu trnh sn xut cc ph liu c thu gom v chuyn ra ngoi
lin tc trong ngy. Ni cha ph liu phi kn v xa khu vc thnh phm, d lm v sinh.
Cc dng c cha ph liu phi chuyn dng, c ghi r hay c k hiu phn bit r
vi dng c cha nguyn liu, bn thnh phm v thnh phm.
Cc dng c cha ph liu phi kn, lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, t b n mn,
d lm v sinh ( nu s dng li c ) hay tiu hu ( nu dng mt ln ).
Cc h ga c np y kn lc cht thi rn. V sinh cng, rnh, h ga sau mi ngy
sn xut. nh k khai thng cng rnh, h ga 1 tun / 1 ln.
Qun l chu trch nhim t chc v thc hin qui phm ny.
Cng nhn t v sinh phi thc hin ng qui phm ny.
KCS c trch nhim kim tra, gim st vic thc hin qui phm ny. Kt qu gim st
ghi vo s theo di.
88
Chng 4 :Xy dng k hoch HACCP

4.1.Thnh lp i HACCP.
Bng 4.1: Danh sch i HACCP ti cng ty c phn thc phm xanh.
STT
H v tn
Yu cu o to
Chc v
Chc v
Nhim v trong i
v chuyn mn
trong nh
trong i
HACCP
my
HACCP
C nhn kinh t
Gim c
i trng
c o to
nh my
ca i, thm tra k
hoch HACCP
v HACCP
2
Ch o cc hot ng
K s cng ngh
Chuyn
thc phm.
vin qun
v k thut sn xut.
c o to
l xng
Trin khai vic thc
v HACCP
ch bin
hin k hoch HACCP
i ph
T vn nhng vn
trong nh my.
3
K s ha thc
Qun c
i vin
T vn nhng vn
phm.
v cng ngh, tham
c o to
gia xy dng, gim st
v HACCP
vic thc hin GMP

89
K s ch bin
T trng t
i vin
v SSOP.
T vn nhng vn
thc phm
v cng ngh, tham
c o to
gia xy dng, gim st
v HACCP
vic thc hin GMP

v SSOP.
K s in cng
Qun c
nghip. c
phn xng
v my v thit b,
o to HACCP.
c in
gim st bao tr.
i vin
T vn nhng vn
4.2.M t sn phm bnh bng lan cun kem

Bng 4.2: M t sn phm
STT
1
2
3
c im
Tn sn phm
Nguyn liu
Cch thc bo qun, vn
M t
Bnh bng lan cun kem
Bt m, trng g, du n, ng,
Vn chuyn bng xe.
chuyn v tip nhn
Nguyn liu c bo qun ni thong mt.
nguyn liu.
Khu vc khai thc nguyn
liu.
Cc nguyn liu c mua ti cc cng ty Bt m Bnh

ng, ng Bin ha, trng g qua kim dch.
M t tm tt quy cch
Khng c.
6
7
thnh phm.
Thnh phn khc.
Tm tt cng an ch
Khng c.
Tip nhn nguyn liu Chun b Nho bt
bin.
Chia bt Nng Lm ngui nh hnh Phn
ng gi bao b.
c ng gi ng thng Bo qun.
Sn phm c cho vo hp nha vi kch thc 19 x
8
9
10
iu kin bo qun.
iu kin phn phi, vn
11
12
chuyn sn phm.
Thi hn s dng.
Thi hn by bn sn
13
phm.
Cc yu cu v dn nhn.
11cm, hp coa mu trng trong.

Bo qun ni thong mt.
Sn phm c phn phi, vn chuyn bng xe .
6 ngy k t ngy sn xut.
Khng quy nh.
Tn v a ch cng ty, tn sn phm, thng tin thnh
phn nguyn liu, khi lng tnh, hng dn s dng.
90
N TT NGHIP
14
15
16
17
Cc iu kin c bit.
Phng thc s dng.
i tng s dng.
Cc quy nh, yu cu phi
Khng c.
Sn phm c n lin.
Tt c mi i tng.
Sn xut theo TCVN v yu cu ca khch hng.
tun th.
4.3. Xc nh phng thc s dng i vi sn phm.
i tng tiu th : L tt c mi ngi
Phng thc s dng : l sn phm dng n lin tin dng khi i chi du
lch .
4.4. Xy dng s quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh bng lan cun kem.
Trng g
B , sa.
mui
Bt m
Chun b nguyn
liu
Nc
Shoterning ,
hng liu
Nho bt
Trng g
Chia bt
Bc v
Lng trng
Lng
Phi trn 1
Nng
Shorterning,
ng
Phi trn 2
Hng , mi ,
mu du
Lm ngui
nh hnh
Nhn
du
kem

Hinh 4.1:S quy trnh cng ngh
ng gi
Bnh bng lan

Lp : 10HcTuPn3
91
Bng 4.3: M t quy trnh cng ngh

STT
Cng
on
Tip nhn
Thng s k thut
M t
Nguyn liu m bo ch tiu Trng g phi c giy kim dch ca chi cc th

cht lng ca cng ty quy
y hay th hng t nh cung cp nguyn liu v
nh.
KCS kim tra cht lng nguyn liu phn loI

a v khu vc bo qun.
nguyn
liu.
Tt c cc nguyn liu c KCS
kim tra trc khi i ra sn xut.

Chun b nguyn liu t
chun . Cn, o s lng ng
quy nh.
- Bt m: c ray k cng loi b

cc tp cht.
- Trng: c cng nhn tch lm
i v chia ra thnh lng ring v
Chun b
lng trng ring.
nguyn
- ng: c xay nhuyn sao cho
liu.
mn l c, mc ch ca giai on
ny l cho ng d ha tan trong
giai on tip theo d dng hn, trnh

hin tng ng ha tan khng ht
trong hn hp nguyn liu.
- Nho trn gip cho cc nguyn liu
Bt v cc thnh phn
c trn ln vo nhau.
nguyn liu to thnh khi

Nho bt.
Gip chun b cho cng on chia
ng nht.
bt..
Bt c cho vo khun sn sng

Bt c cho vo khun
cho qu trnh nng.
60cm x 40cm.
92
Lp : 10HTP3
Trng lng khong 2.2 kg

Chia bt.
4
v c dn u trn b mt
khun.
To vn cho bt trn khun.
Nhit b mt :190 200 0C.
Khun bt c cho vo l nng.
Nhit ty : 160- 170 0C.

5
Nng.
Thi gian nng bnh khong

20 pht.
Lm ngui n nhit phng. Gip chun b nh hnh bnh.
Lm
Thi gian : 30p.
ngui.
To hn hp kem ng nht
mu hng nht hng du.
Trng v ng c xay nhuyn v

trn u vo nhau nhng khng cho
trng ni bt. K n phi trn vi
shortening thnh mt hn hp dng
paste. Sau phi trn thm hng v
mu v thnh phm kem du.
Lm nhn
kem.
To hnh bnh c hnh tr theo
kch thc chun.
Chun b giy lt
Bnh ra l p bnh ln giy chun
b sn cho mt bnh phn ty ln
trn.
Qut nhn kem du ln bnh ri dng
giy cun trn bnh li, thao tc phi
nhanh.
Sau x giy cun ra lm hai
nh hnh.
bnh khng b nhn mt, mt bnh

khng b dnh vo giy cun
Sau ct bnh thnh tng phn
ty theo yu cu .
93
ng gi.
Bnh a vo hp vi kch
Sn phm c bao gi theo phng
thc 19 x 11cm, hp coa mu
php th cng bng cch cho vo hp
trng trong. Bao gi nhit
nha.
phng 200C- 220C.

Trong 6 ngy ni thong mt
10
Bo qun.
trnh nh sng trc tip.
Xp hng trn cc pallet sch theo

tng chng loi.
4.5.Phn tch mi nguy.
94
Bng 4.4 Bng phn tch mi nguy cho sn phm bnh bng lan cun.
Cch s sng: n lin
Phn phi v bo qun nhit thng
i tng: tt c mi ngi
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Cng
Xc nh mi
Mi
Din gii cho quyt
Bin php phng
im
on sn
nguy tim n
nguy c
nh ct 3
nga ngn chn
kim
xut
xm nhp vo
ng k
mi nguy
sot
c kh nng
khng ?
ti
loi tr hoc
(C/K)
hn
gim thiu ti
C/K
cng on.
Tip
Sinh hc:
- Vi sinh vt hin hu
- Kim sot nh
nhn
- Vi sinh vt
trong nguyn liu t
cung ng.
nguyn
hin hu trn
nh cung cp.
- Cng on chun
nguyn liu.
- B nhim trong qu
b nguyn liu s
trnh bo qun.
loi tr.
liu
- Su mt
- C trong nguyn
liu m khu tip
- Kim sot cht ch ti
nhn khng pht hin
khu tip nhn nguyn

K
liu v trong
qu
ra.
- Nhim v pht trin trnh bo qun trong

khi bo qun trong kho.
kho nguyn liu.
95
Ha hc:
Nhim
kim C
loi nng.
D
lng
thuc tr su
D lng thuc bo
Kim sot t nh
v thc vt t khu
cung cp, nh k
trng trt.
hng nm ly mu
D lng thuc kh
C
trng t nh cung cp
v kh trng ti cng
vn cn trong
ty.
nguyn liu.
kim tra d lng
thuc tr su v cc
c cht khc.
Thc
thong
hin
thng
ng
quy
nh ca nh kh
trng.
Vt l:
dy,
tc,
, K
trong nguyn liu t sau (sng, phn loi)
thc..
nh cung cp.
Chun b Sinh hc:

nguyn
liu
Tp cht hin hu Cng on ch bin
Nhim
s loi tr.
Nhim do thit b Kim
sot
bng
khng sch v con GMP v SSOP.
VSV
ngi.
gy bnh.
Ha hc:
Khng c
Vtl: tc, v K
bao
b,
trng..
Khi sn bt cha ra Kim sot bng

GMP v SSOP
ht tp cht.
Trng khi ly ra lm
ri v vo.
Nho bt
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt:
Cng on phn loi
T thit b cha sch Kim

v con ngi.
s loi tr.
sot
bng
GMP v SSOP.
tng hiu kh,

tng coliform ,
S.Aureus, tng
nm men v
mc,
Cl.perfringens,
B.cereus
96
Ha hc:
Khng c
Vt l: tc ,
dy ni lon.
Nhim
do
mi Kim
sot
trng.
GMP v SSOP.
Nhim t con ngi.
nh k bo dng
Mnh kim loi ri ra thit b

xuyn.
t my.
Chia bt
Sinh hc:
Sinh hc: Vi
sinh vt: tng
Nhim do dng c s Kim
thng
sot
bng
dng cha sch.
GMP v SSOP.
Nhim t con ngi.
Kim tra dng c

trc khi s dng.
hiu kh, tng

coliform
bng
S.Aureus, tng
nm men v
mc,
Cl.perfringens,
B.cereus.
Ha hc:
Khng c.
Vt l: tc.
Nhim
do
mi Kim
trng.
sot
bng
GMP v SSOP.
Nhim t con ngi.

Nng
Sinh hc:
Khng c
Ha hc:
to K
hp cht c
gy
hai
nhit cao xy ra Kim sot nhit ,

phn ng ha hc.
thch hp
cho
sc khe.
Vt l: Bnh
thay
th
tch mu, mi.
Nhit cao lm Canh thi gian hp

chy kht bnh.
l trnh lu chy
kht bnh.
97
Lm
ngui
Sinh hc:
Nhim
Khi lm ngui th Kim
sot
bng
bnh la mi trng GMP v SSOP.
VSV
hiu kh vo
cho
VSV
pht
bnh gy c.
trin do cha nhiu
cht dinh dng.

Do mi trng.
Do con ngi.
-
Ha hc:
Khng c
Vt l: dnh
Ly bnh ra khi Kim

khun khng k.
Nhn
giy vo bnh.
Sinh hc:
kem du
Vi sinh vt:
tng hiu kh,
sot
bng
GMP v SSOP.
T thit b trn kem Kim sot GMP v

SSOP.
cha sch.
Do mi trng.
tng coliform ,
Do con ngi.
g, ng
Do tch trng v b Chun b nguyn

ri ra. ng cha liu k hn.
cha tan.
xay nhuyn.
S.Aureus, tng
nm men v
mc,
Cl.perfringens,
B.cereu.
Ha hc:
Khng c.
Vt l: v ht
98
nh
hnh
Sinh hc:
Do mi trng.
Vi sinh vt:
Do con ngi.
tng hiu kh,
Dng c nh hnh.
Kim
sot
bng
GMP v SSOP.
K
tng coliform ,
S.Aureus, tng
nm men v
mc,
Cl.perfringens,
B.cereu
Ha hc:
Khng c.
Vt l:
Do con ngi.
KCS kim tra li

thao tc cun bnh.
Dnh giy du
dng nh
hnh bnh.
ng gi
Sinh hc: Vi
sinh vt: tng
Do mi trng.
hiu kh, tng

coliform
Do bao b.
Kim
sot
bng
GMP v SSOP.
K
Con ngi.
S.Aureus, tng
nm men v
mc,
Cl.perfringens,
B.cereus
Ha hc:
Khng c
Vt l: dnh
bng keo
Do con ngi.
KCS kim tra thnh

phm v thao tc
lm vic ca cng
nhn.
4.6.Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn v xc nh gii hn ti hn cho mi CCP.

99
Bng 4.5: Bng phn tch mi nguy v xc nh im kim sot ti hn

Cng on
Mi nguy cn kim sot
Cu hi
Cu hi
Cu hi
Cu hi
(C/K)
(C/K)
(C/K)
(C/K)
Nhim VSV gy bnh..
Ha hc: Khng c.
Vt l: tc, v bao b, v
ch bin
Tip nhn Sinh hc:

nguyn
liu
CCP
- Vi sinh vt hin hu
trn nguyn liu.
- Su mt.
Ha hc:
Nhim kim loi nng.
Vt l: , dy, tc, v
thc..
Chun
nguyn
liu
b Sinh hc:
trng..
Nho bt
Sinh hc:
Vi sinh vt: tng hiu kh,
tng coliform , S.Aureus,
tng nm men v mc,
Cl.perfringens, B.cereus.
Ha hc: Khng c
Vt l:tc , dy ni lon.
Chia bt
Sinh hc:
100
Sinh hc: Vi sinh vt:
Ha hc: Khng c.
Vt l: tc.
Sinh hc: Khng c.
Ha hc: to hp cht c
tng VSV hiu kh,

coliform , S.Aureus, nm
men v mc,
Cl.perfringens, B.cereus
Nng
gy hai cho sc khe.

Vt l: Bnh thay i th
tch mu, mi.
Lm ngui
Sinh hc:
Nhim VSV hiu kh vo
bnh gy c.
Ha hc: Khng c.
Vt
l:dnh
giy
vo
bnh.
Nhn kem Sinh hc:
du

tng nm men v mc,
Cl.perfringens, B.cereu.
nh hnh
Ha hc: Khng c.
Vt l:v ht g, ng
cha tan.
Sinh hc:
tng nm men v mc,

101
Cl.perfringens, B.cereu.
Ha hc: Khng c.
Vt l:dnh bng keo.
Ha hc:Khng c.
Vt l:
Dnh giy du dng
nh hnh bnh.
ng gi
Sinh hc: Vi sinh vt:

tng
hiu
kh,
tng
coliform , S.Aureus, tng

nm
men
mc,
Cl.perfringens, B.cereus.
4.7. Thit lp ngng ti hn v ngng vn hnh.

-
Da trn kt qu th nghim do cng ty t nghin cu.
Cc vn bn php l, cc tiu chun, quy nh, ca nh nc.
Cc thng tin ti liu nghin cu khoa hc.
Vic la chn phng php kim sot tt nht gii hn ti hn thng thng qua
thc tin v thc nghim.
4.8.Gim st im kim sot ti hn v hnh ng khc phc.

4.8.1.Gim st im kim sot ti hn:
4.8.1.1.Gim st: Tin hnh quan st, o m (hoc cc php phn tch) theo trnh t
nh nh gi cc CCP c c kim sot hay khng v ghi li chnh xc kim tra
sau ny.
Bng 4.6:Biu mu gim st im kim sot ti hn:
GIM ST
CI G
CCH NO
KHI NO
AI
4.8.2.Hnh ng khc phc sa cha
102
Trong sn xut con ngi v my mc khng bao gi chnh xc tuyt i, do phi c

hnh ng khc phc kp thi khi b vi phm gii hn, ti hn. Kt qu ca hnh ng khc
phc nhm khi phc s kim sot ca qu trnh v xc nh cch x l thch hp m bo
tnh an ton ca sn phm.
4.8.2.1.Hnh ng sa cha
L cc hnh ng c d kin phi thc hin khi gii hn ti hn b vi phm nhm khc
phc hu qu v ngn nga s ti din ca vi phm .
Hnh ng sa cha thng c thit k theo dng:
Nu ( s sai lch l) th ( hnh ng sa cha l).
4.8.2.2.Nhng vn cn xem xt khi thit k hnh ng sa cha
Xc nh s c:
ra hnh ng sa cha a qu trnh tr v tm kim sot: ngng vic sn
xut, xem xt sa cha li thit b.
Ai c trch nhim thc hin hnh ng sa cha: l cng nhn vn hnh my.
Lp bin bn v k tn.
Cch x l i vi sn phm khng ph hp: C lp sn phm. nh gi li tnh an
ton ca sn phm. X l sn phm : ty theo kt qu nh gi m sn phm c ti ch hay
hy b.Thay I mc ch s dng. Gii phng l hng.Ty theo kt qu nh gi mc vi
phm m phng KCS s c phng php x l thch hp.
4.9.Thm tra k hoch HACCP.
4.9.1.Mc ch:
Quy nh cch thc thc hin cc hot ng thm tra nhm m bo tnh hiu lc k
hoch HACCP c xy dng v p dng ti cng ty c phn Thc Phm Xanh.
4.9.2.Phm vi:
Th tc ny p dng cho hot ng thm tra:
Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bnh bng lan cun kem.
Thm tra cc quy phm sn xut v quy phm v sinh.
Thm tra k hoch HACCP cho sn phm bnh bng lan cun kem.
103
Thm tra c s h tng nh xng phc v cho hot ng sn xut bnh bng lan
cun kem.
4.9.3.Ni dung:
Thm tra quy trnh cng ngh
Chun b:
S quy trnh cng ngh v din gii
Cc thit b o c hiu chun.
Thc hin:
Qu trnh thm tra c th thc hin nhiu ln (t nht 2 ln) nhng phi c t nht
mt ln xng ang hot ng theo quy trnh cng ngh c thm tra.
i chiu trnh t cc cng on thc t sn xut so vi s quy trnh cng
ngh c xy dng, ghi nhn cc sai lch nu c.
Kim tra ghi nhn cc thng s k thut thc t. So snh vi yu cu trong phn
din gii s quy trnh cng ngh.
Tn sut thc hin:
Thc hin thm tra t nht 01 nm/ln trong iu kin bnh thng.
Thc hin thm tra khi c s thay i v quy trnh cng ngh hoc c s iu
chinh ng k v cc thng s k thut hoc c s thay i v nguyn vt liu,
S dng kt qu thm tra:
Nu kt qu thm tra cho thy thc t khng th p ng cc yu cu trong quy
trnh th i an ton thc phm phi thc hin cc nh gi cn thit quyt nh:
Sa i s quy trnh cng ngh cho ng vi thc t.
Yu cu chnh sa quy trnh cng ngh ang thc hin thc t sao cho ph hp
vi cc yu cu an ton thc phm.
Trch nhim: Cc thnh vin trong i an ton thc phm phi c trch nhim
thm tra di s ch o ca i trng.
Thm tra quy phm sn xut v quy phm v sinh
104
Chun b: cc ti liu m t quy phm v cc biu mu km theo

Thc hin:
Ch thc hin thm tra khi xng ang hot ng
Yu cu cng nhn hoc ngi lin quan thc hin ng cc yu cu ca quy
phm.
Dng biu mu lin quan ghi nhn li kt qu thc hin cc hot ng theo yu
cu ca quy phm.
Tn sut thc hin:
Trc khi p dng ln u tin.
nh k thm tra 01 nm/ln.
Sau khi c s sa i ng k v mt ni dung.
Nu kt qu thm tra khng t yu cu, i an ton thc phm phi tin hnh phn tch
thm xc nh:
Cn thit phi o to li cng nhn hoc ngi c lin quan v ni dung ca quy
phm.
Mc cn thit ca vic p ng cc yu cu nu trong quy phm t chnh
sa ni dung quy phm nu cn thit nhng phi m bo kim sot tt an ton thc phm.
Trch nhim thc hin: i an ton thc phm c trch nhim thm tra di s ch o
ca i trng.
Thm tra c s h tng:
Chun b: S b tr mt bng nh xng
Thc hin:
C th thc hin khi xng khng hot ng.
So snh ni dung s vi thc t. Ghi nhn cc sai lch nu c.
Ch n ng i ca ngi, ng i ca sn phm, ng i ca cht thi.
105
Ghi nhn kt qu nh gi hin trng tng, nn, trn, h thng chiu sng v
h thng ph tr c lin quan.
S dng BM/ SSOP.
Tn sut thc hin:
nh k thc hin 1 nm/ln.
Thc hin khi c s sa i hoc u t thm v c s h tng.
Trch nhim: i an ton thc phm
Nu kt qu thm tra khng t yu cu, i trng an ton thc phm cn lp bo
co, nu r cc im cn khc phc, trnh Tng Gim c xem xt.
Thm tra bng phn tch mi nguy:

Chun b:
Bng phn tch mi nguy
Hng dn nh gi mc ng k ca mi nguy
H s gim st sn xut (nu c)
H s x l cc sn phm khng ph hp (nu c)
Tiu chun hoc ti liu k thut c lin quan
Vn bn php lut c lin quan.
Thc hin:
Tin hnh r sot kim tra s y ca cc mi nguy c xc nh da vo ti
liu, h s nu trn.
Xem xt ln lt tng cng on, tng thnh phn/ i tng tham gia vo cng
on nh gi cc mi nguy c th c.
Xem xt s ph hp ca cc mi nguy ng k c xc nh.
Tn sut thc hin:
106
Trc khi p dng

Sau khi c thay i ng k v quy trnh cng ngh, nguyn vt liu s dng.
Cp nht/ sa i li bng phn tch mi nguy nu pht hin c im cha ph
hp.
Xem xt sa i k hoch HACCP lin quan.
Xem xt sa i bin php kim sot dng kim sot cc mi nguy lin quan.
Thm tra k hoch HACCP:
Chun b:
K hoch HACCP cn kim tra.
Cc dng c ly mu hoc dng c kim tra.
Thc hin:
Kim tra xc nhn tnh kh thi ca cc bin php v tn sut gim st c thc
hin.
Ly mu sn phm ti cc im CCP kim tra nh k. C th gi mu kim tra
bn ngoi nu cng ty khng thc hin c.
Tn sut thc hin:
Thc hin trc khi p dng
nh k thc hin t nht 01 nm/ln
Thc hin khi c s thay i cc gii hn ti hn hay cc bin php kim sot.
iu chnh li cc gii hn ti hn cho ph hp
Thay i bin php kim sot hoc b sung bin php kim sot nu cn thit.
Thm tra nng lc nhn vin:
Thc hin theo quy trnh tuyn dng v o to.
107
Thm tra cc thit b o lng:

Thc hin theo th tc kim sot thit b o
Thm tra h thng qun l cht lng:
Thc hin theo th tc nh gi ni b
Thit lp cc th tc lu tr h s.
H s thm tra phi c kim sot v lu tr theo th tc kim sot h s.
108
N TT NGHIP
4.10.Lp bng k hoch HACCP

Cng ty: Cng ty C phn Thc phm xanh
Bng 4.7: Tng hp v k hoch HACCP

Tn sn phm: Bnh bng lan cun kem.
a ch: Kho B, Ch Bnh in, Nguyn Vn Linh, Khu Ph 6, Phng
Cch thc phn phi v bo qun: bo qun nhit
7, Qun 8. Tp HCM
thng.
Cch s dng: n lin
Gii hn ti
Ci g
Tip
nhn
nguyn
liu
i tng s dng: tt c mi i tng.

Bin php gim st
Hnh ng sa H s ghi chp
Th no Tn sut
Ai
Ha hc:
- Nhim kim - Nguyn liu
- T khai
- Xem t Tng l
KCS
- Khng nhn
- Bo co ghi
- Xem h s
loi nng.
phi c cung
xut x
khai
tip
nhng l
gim st cng
ghi chp 3-7
lng cp t i l
thuc tr su kim tra t yu
vn cn trong cu.
nguyn
xut x
nhn
hng nu:
an tip nhn
ngy/ tun
liu
nguyn
nguyn liu
- Ba thng
khng t i
- T khai xut
kim tra i l
- Phi nm trong
l kim
x nguyn liu.
cung cp 1 ln.
giI hn cho
sot.
nguyn liu.
liu
- Ngun gc
php theo quy

nh ca nh
nc.
109
Lp : 10HTP3
Sinh hc: Sinh hc: Vi

sinh vt: tng hiu kh,
Khng c nm
tng nm men v
mc trong sn
mc.
phm.
Nm mc.
Kim tra Tng l
KCS
- Loi b nhng
Biu mu kim
Xem h s ghi
bng
sn phm kim
tra nm mc
chp hng tun
mt
tra c nm mc
thng
- C lp l hng
kim tra li
Loi b nhng
Biu mu kim
Xem h s ghi
tra ha hc.
chp hng tun
Biu mu kim
Xem h s ghi
Chia Bt
x l c t
ln kim tra
Ha hc: to
Nng
trc, tin hnh
hp cht c
gy hai cho Khng c hp
sc khe.
cht c trong
Hp cht
Kim tra Tng l
bng
sn phm kim
mt v
tra c hp cht
phn
c.
ng ha
- C lp l hng
hc
x l c t
sn phm
Lm
Sinh hc:
ngui
Nhim
KCS
ln kim tra
VSV
trc, tin hnh
hiu kh vo
Tng l
QC
kim tra li
C lp l hng
iu kin m
VSV
Xem xt
bo an ton v
nh k
kt qu
x l c t tra khilam2
chp hng
sinh thc phm
kim tra
kim tra
ln kim tra
tun.
t yu cu
v sinh
nh k
trc, tin hnh
ngui.
110
bnh gy c.
trnh b nhim
ni sn
iu
VSV.
xut.
kin
kim tra li.
m bo
v
sinhan
toan
thc
phm
111
N TT NGHIP
KT LUN V KIN NGH

1.Kt lun
Qua nghin cu xy dng HACCP cho Bnh bng lan cun kem ca cng ty c Phn Thc
Phm Xanh c th rt ra kt lun sau:
i vi dy chuyn sn xut bnh bng lan cun kem vi 7 nguyn tc tin hnh
thc hin HACCP, thng qua 12 bc cng vic chng ti quyt nh t im kim sot ti
hn 4 khu l tip nhn nguyn liu, chia bt, nng, lm ngui.
p dng thnh cng chng trnh qun l cht lng theo tiu chun HACCP th
iu cn thit l cng ty phi cng nhn v s dng n c hiu qu. iu ny i hi cng ty
phi lun u t ci tin, nng cp nh my, trang thit b v cc chng trnh tin quyt
GMP, SSOP phi vng chc, m bo an ton v sinh thc phm.
H thng HACCP hot ng c hiu qu khi ton b i ng cng nhn vin trong
cng ty c thc cao trong v sinh mi trng, v sinh cng nghip, t gic chp hnh cc
quy nh ca cng ty. Mt khc cng nhn cn phi c thc trch nhim vi cc sn phm
mnh lm ra v phi thy rng vic m bo an ton v sinh cho sn phm l iu ti cn thit.
2.Kin ngh
Qua qu trnh thc tp v thc hin ti ny ti xin c mt vi kin ng gp cho
cng ty:
Nn thit k v b tr li mt bng sn xut trnh vic ly nhim cho cho
sn phm.
Nn xy dng ng i cho cng nhn ring bit trnh cho vic vn chuyn
hng ho khng b nh hng.
Cn phi nng cao c s vt cht ca nh my hn na, lun tip thu nhng
thnh tu mi trong cng ngh, khoa hc k thut.
Cng nhn cn c thc t gic hn trong vic eo khu trang v eo phi
ng quy nh, nhiu cng nhn eo vi mc ch chng i, cn kim tra v gim st nhiu
hn.
Hng nm nn t chc thi tay ngh cho cng nhn trc tip sn xut nng
cao chuyn mn. T chc cho cng nhn hc cc kho ngn hn, cc bui chuyn v v
sinh an ton thc phm t cng nhn c thc gi gn v sinh sch s khng gy nh
hng xu n cht lng sn phm.
113
Ti liu tham kho

[1]. Nguyn c Lng, Phm Minh Tm ,1997, V sinh an ton thc phm,
Trng H Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh.
[2]. L Ngc T v cc tc gi (2002), Ho Sinh Cng Nghip, NXB Khoa Hc
V K Thut, H Ni.
[3]. L Ngc T v cc tc gi(1996), Ho Hc Thc Phm, NXB Khoa Hc V K
Thut.
[4]. B Mn Cng Ngh Thc Phm (1999), Ph Gia c Php S Dng Trong
Thc Phm, Trng h Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh.
[7]. Cng Ty C Phn thc phm xanh, ti liu ni b.
[5]. Thnh Phn Dinh Dng Thc n Vit Nam, nh xut bn Y hc Medicne
Publisher 1995
[6].Nguyn Trng Cn (ch bin 1996)- Nguyn liu ch bin thy sn NXB
Nng Nghip.
[7]. Nguyn Trng Cn , Minh Phng(2009) Cng ngh ch bin thc phm thy
sn tp 2 NXB Khoa Hc K Thut.
[8]. Nguyn Trng Cn, Minh Phng, Nguyn L H (2008)- Cng ngh hp
thy sn v gia sc gia cm NXB Khoa Hc K Thut.
[9]. Trn ng (2004). Mi nguy VSATTP. Chng trnh kim sot GMP, GHP v h
thng qun l cht lng VSATTP HACCP. NXB Y hc. H Ni.
[10].Tng Cc Tiu Chun o Lng Cht Lng(1998). Hng dn chung v
vic xy dng v p dng h thng phn tch, xc nh v kim sot cc mi nguy
trong qu trnh ch bin thc phm. H Ni.
[11].ng Vn Hp ( Ch bin), Vn Ninh, Nguyn Thun Anh (2006)- Qun
l cht lng thy sn NXB Nng Nghip Tp. H Ch Minh.
PH LC
1.Kim tra nguyn liu
1.1.Kim tra cm quan nguyn liu
Bng 1: Phng php kim tra cm quan
Dng sn
Bt m
Phng php kim tra

Trng thi tp cht
Dn mng trn
Mu sc
Mu sc:
Mi
c mu trn bn
V
Pha long n
t giy, quan st
bt m c
tay, ch st cho
nng thch
dng tay cm
mu trng
nng ri ngi. Cho
hp, ri nm.
gic mn.
ng.
mu vo chn s,
y np, un nng
n 450- 500C, m np
v ngi mi.
Mui
Dn mng trn
Mu sc :
Cho mu vo chn
Pha long n
t giy, quan st
trng ko
s, y np, un
nng thch
kch thc v
c tp cht
nng n 450- 500C,
hp, ri nm
m np v ngi mi.
ng u.
Du
Cho mu vo
Mu sc :
cc thy tinh
mu vng ti
sch ri quan st.
khng c cn
Cho mu vo chn s, Pha long n

y np, un nng
n 450- 500C,
nng thch
hp, ri nm
m np v ngi mi.
1.2. Kim tra ha l
1.2.1. Xc nh m ca bt m v tinh bt
+ Nguyn tc: m c trong mu c lm bay hi nc bng my sy m Kett nhit
1350C trong thi gian 30 pht. Sau khi sy xong my s t ng hin ln hm lng m cn
xc nh.
+ Dng c
- Khay inox
- Xim inox
- My Kett
- Mung inox
+ Quy trnh
- Lu kt qu ca ln sy trc my start v 0.00g.
- Trn u mu.
- Dng tha inox ly mu.
- Khi my hin ln iu kin sy th a mu vo.
- Cn 5.00 0.02g ri nhn nt start my t ng sy.
- thi gian sy 30 pht my s bo hiu sy xong. Trn mn hnh ca my s hin ln
kt qu cn xc nh.
1.2.2. Xc nh chua ca bt m v tinh bt
+ Mc ch: xc nh chua, nhm nh gi mc ch bin v bo qun ca bt.
+ Phm vi p dng: p dng cho bt m, tinh bt.
+ Nguyn tc
- Mu bt c cn vo bnh tam gic v ha tan bt bng nc ct. Sau chun bng
dung dch NaOH 0.1N vi s c mt ca ch th phenolphtalein 1%. im tng ng nhn
c khi dung dch c mu hng.
+ Dng c
- Tha inox
- Bnh tam gic
- a thy tinh
- Bnh tia
- Cn phn tch s l
- Buret 25ml, vch chia 0.1ml
+ Ha cht
116
- Dung dch NaOH 0.1N

- Ch th phenolphtalein 1%
- Nc ct
+ Quy trnh
- Cn 1.00g mu bt vo bnh tam gic sch, trnh bt dnh ln thnh bnh tam gic.
- Ha tan khong 40ml nc ct vo mu bt.
- Dng a thy tinh khuy cho bt tan.
- Dng bnh tia trng a v xung quanh thnh bnh khong ml nc ct.
- Cho vo bnh nn 4 5 git ch th PP 1%.
- Tin hnh chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N vo bnh nn n khi dung dch chuyn
thnh mu hng. Ghi th tch ca NaOH 0.1N tiu tn VNaOH.
+ Cng thc tnh kt qu
Trong :
VNaOH .
100.k
m.10
VNaOH l th tch ca NaOH 0.1N tiu tn

k: h s hiu chnh ca NaOH
10: h s chuyn nng ca dung dch NaOH 0.1N thnh NaOH 1N
m: khi lng mu
1.2.3. Xc nh gluten t trong bt m

+Mc ch:
- nh gi kt dnh, n hi ca bt m.
- Phm vi: p dng cho bt m.
- Gluten t trong bt m: l mt loi cht c tnh do n
hi, bao gm gliadin v glutenin.

+ Nguyn tc
- Bt m c nho vi dung dch m NaCl trung tnh. Sau loi b phn d tha ca
dung dch vt v phn b cn li l gluten.
+ Dng c
- Cn k thut 0.01g
- T s 200ml
- Ry nylon
+ Ha cht
- Dung dch NaCl trung tnh
- Dung dch KI
+ Quy trnh
- Cn khong 50g bt trn cn k thut
0.01g, cho lng bt cn vo t s v cho
khong 20ml nc mui (khong 16 20% NaCl).

- Dng a thy tinh trn u cho n khi thnh khi bt ng nht.
- Dng u ngn tay vt cc mnh bt dnh vo a v chn.
- Ln khi bt thnh hnh cu v yn khong 20 pht nhit phng ( cho gluten
n nh).
- Sau ra gluten bng cch di tia nc nh trn ry, cho khi bt trn vo lng bn
tay tri nm cc ngn tay li v a vo vi nc (trnh gluten tri theo nc), ng thi dng
tay phi iu chnh vi nc chy nh, trnh mt gluten phi t pha tri 1 ry nylon. Tip
tc ra di dng nc nh cho n khi ht tinh bt.
- Xc nh vic ra hon thnh bng cch nh 2 3 git nc vt t gluten vo cc nc
trong, thy nc khng c th ht tinh bt, cn nu thy nc trong cc c th phi tip
tc ra cho n ht. Hoc c th xc nh lng tinh bt ht cha bng cch nh 1 2 git
dung dch KI vo khi bt nu thy mu xanh xut hin th cha ht tinh bt.
- Khi ra xong dng tay vt ht nc trong gluten, p gluten gia lng bn tay, thnh
thong thm bng khn kh. Gluten vt kh vi chnh xc 0.01g.
+ Cng thc tnh kt qu
m1
%Gluten t =
100
m0
Trong :
m0: khi lng cn (g)
m1: khi lng gluten t (g)
1.2.4.Xc nh ch s peroxide trong du thc vt
+ Mc ch: nh gi mc oxy ha du.
+ Phm vi p dng: cho cc loi du thc vt nhp vo trong qu trnh sn xut ca
nh my.
+ nh ngha: ch s peroxide l s mili ng lng ca dung dch chun Na 2S2O3
0.01N tiu tn trong 1 kg du.
+ Nguyn tc
- X l mu du trong mi trng acid Acetic- Cloroform bng dung dch Kaliodua. Sau
chun Iod t do bng natri thiosulfate 0.01N vi ch th h tinh bt 1%. im tng ng
nhn c khi dung dch c mu tm nu n khng mu.
- Phng trnh phn ng:
R1-CH-CH-R2 + 2KI + 2CH3COOH
OO
I2 2Na2S2O3
R1-CH-CH-R2 + 2CH3COOK + H2O
O
Na2S2O6
2NaI
+ Dng c
- Cn phn tch 4 s l.
- Erlen 250ml c np y.
- Buret 25ml vch chia 0.1 ml.
- Pipep 1ml, 2ml.
- ng ong 50ml.
+ Ha cht
- Dung dch Na2S2O3 0.01N pha t ng chun.
- Hn hp CH3COOH: CHCl3 = 3:2.
- H tinh bt 1% trong nc ct, un nng trn bp in v khuy cho tan hon ton.
- Dung dch KI bo ha.
+ Quy trnh
- Cn chnh xc 5g
0.05g(*), cn 4 s l, du mu vo bnh erlen 250ml c nt nhm
y, cn thn khng cho mu dnh vo thnh bnh.

- Cho vo erlen 50ml hn hp dung mi (CH3COOH: CHCl3 = 3:2) y np lc u cho
mu ha tan.
- Cho vo chnh xc 1 ml dung dch KI bo ha, y np.
- Bt u tnh thi gian 1 pht, lc 4 ln, mi ln 15s.
- Nu hn hp xut hin mu tm nu chng t c peroxide, nu khng c s thay i
mu th trong mu du khng c peroxide.
- Chun t t bng dung dch Na2S2O3 0.01N cho n khi mu tm nu bin mt.
- Cng thc tnh kt qu
POV(meq/kg) = V.2
- Trong : V:th tch tiu tn ca dung dch Na2S2O30.01N
- Ch : Nu lng cn khc (*) th kt qu c tnh theo cng thc:
PoV (meq/kg) =
- Trong :
V .0,01.1000
m
V: th tch tiu tn ca dung dch Na2S2O3 0.01N
0.01: nng ca Na2S2O3

m: khi lng mu cn c
1.3.Kim tra bao b nguyn liu
Bao b nguyn liu phi ngyn vn , khng rch .
Phi c hn s dng v ngy sn xut ra sn phm.
2.Ph lc tiu chun nguyn liu

Bng 2.1: Thnh phn ha hc ca bt m (theo % cht kh)
Loi bt
Protid
Lipid
Cellulose
Tro
Thng hng
10,6
1,0
0,2
0,5
Loi 1
10,8
1,2
0,3
0,7
Loi 2
11,8
1,5
0,8
1,2
Loi 3
11,6
1,6
1,6
5,4
Bng 2.2: Tiu chun v cc loi ng
Tiu chun
ng luyn
ng thng hng
Loi 1
Loi 2
% ng
99,8
99,75
99,62
99,48
W%
< 0,05
< 0,05
< 0,07
< 0,1
RS %
< 0,03
< 0,05
< 0,1
< 0,1
Tro
< 0,03
< 0,05
< 0,07
< 0,1
< 124
< 145
< 260
< 520
mu(IU )
Bng 2.3 Thnh phn ca trng

% Trng lng Nc
Protein
Lipid
Gluxit
Cht khong
100
65,5
12
11
0,5
11
Trng khng v 90
74
13
12
0,7
0,9
Lng trng
60
88
10
0,03
0,8
0,5
Lng
30
47
16
34
0,6
1,1
V trng
10
98
Trng nguyn
Bng 2.4: Ch tiu nguyn liu du m

Tn ch tiu
Yu cu k thut
C
h
ti
u
c
m
qu
an
Ch
tiu ha
Trng thi
Dng lng, hi snh.
Mu sc
Vng nht, trong sut, khng vn c.
Mi
Mi c trng, khng c mi i, mi l.
V bo c trng ca du, khng c v l.
Tp cht
Khng ln tp cht c hc.
chua ( mgKOH /1g du)
0.06
Ch s acid
Ch s peroxyt( ml Na2S2O3
Ch tiu ha l Ch tiu cm quan
0.002N/1g du)
Hm lng nc (%)
0,2- 0,3
Bng 2.5: Ch tiu cht lng b

Tn ch tiu
Mu sc
Yu cu
Vng nht.
Mi v
Mi thm ngon, c trng, khng mi l.
Trng thi
rn va phi.
m (%)
8- 16
Hm lng lipid (%)
> 82
Hm lng mui:
B lt
B mn
1,5
Ch s acid
0,8
Ch s peroxyt
2,0
Ch tiu vi sinh
Tng vi sinh vt hiu kh
< 105/g
E.coli
Khng c c
Staphylococcus
Khng c c
aureus
Khng c c
Coliforms
Khng c c
Clostridium perfringens
Khng c c
Nm mc
Khng c c
Bng 2.6: Ch tiu cht lng ca bt chng mc

Tn ch tiu
Cm quan
Yu cu
Ngoi quan
Dng cm ri, khng vn

cc
Ha l
Mu sc
Mu trng n trng ng
Mi, tp cht
Mi nng c ln mi l
pH ( dung dch 10%)
8,6 9,6
3.Cc biu mu ca cng ty

KIM TRA TNH TRNG V SINH HNG NGY
Ngy..Ca SX
Ngi kim tra (Trc khi sn xut).
Ngi kim tra (Sau khi sn xut)

Bng kim tra tnh trng v sinh hng ngy
Tnh trng v sinh
Trc sn xut
Sau khi sn xut
Lc :
Lc
t/Khng t
t/Khng t
1. Li vo phn xng
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- Giy bo h
Ghi ch/Hnh ng
sa cha
- Ni ra tay
- nh sng
- Cn trng
2. Nh v sinh
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- Ni ra tay
- nh sng
- Bn cu
3. Phng trung gian
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- Giy bo h
- Ni ra tay
- nh sng
- Cn trng
- Ca
4. Khu vc tip nhn nguyn liu
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- nh sng
- Cn trng
- Ca
5. Khu vc chun b nguyn liu
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- nh sng
- Thit b
- Cn trng
- Ca
6. Khu vc nho trn
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- nh sng
- Thit b
- Tay cng nhn
- Ngoi vt
7. Khu vc nh hnh v lm nhn kem
- Tng
- Trn nh
- Sn
- nh sng
- Ngoi vt
8. Nguy c nhim cho
- Dng c cha
- Tay cng nhn
9. Tnh trng sc khe cng nhn
- Du hiu mang
bnh
- Khm sc khe
nh k
10. Cn trng
Khng c c
Biu mu gim st GMP
Bng 1: BM01-GMP1
PHIU KIM TRA TIP NHN NGUYN
LIU
Ngy
Tn NL
K Khi
hiu lng
l
l
( Kg)
Cht
lng
sn
phm
(/K)
S HIU: BM01-GMP1
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Tnh
trng VS
ni tip
nhn
(/K)
Ngi
kim tra
Hng
ng khc
phc/ Kt
qu
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 2: BM02-GMP2
PHIU KIM TRA CHUN B NGUYN LIU
Ngy
K hiu l
Tnh trng
v sinh
(/K)
Khi lng
chun
Bt u lc (gi)
Ngi kim tra
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 3: BM03-GMP3
PHIU KIM TRA NHO
TRN
Ngy
Chuyn
S HIU: BM03-GMP3
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
My
NHO BT
Thi gian
bt u
nho trn
(gi)
KL/
Trn my
Ngy Thm Tra:
5-9)
Thi gian
trn
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 4: BM04-GMP4
PHIU KIM TRA
KHUN
Tc
quay (Mc
S HIU: BM04-GMP4
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Ngy
Chuyn
Cng
Bt
CHIA BT
KL/
Trng
khay
lng/khay
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ghi ch
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 5: BM05-GMP5
PHIU KIM TRA CNG ON
NH HNH
Thi
gian
Cng
on
M
s
cn
S HIU: BM05-GMP5
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Khi Nhit Nhn

lng
kem
0
cun ( C)
Trng
thi
bnh
(/K)
Hnh
ng
khc
phc v
kt qu
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ph
thi
Ghi ch
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 6: BM06-GMP6
PHIU KIM TRA CNG ON
NNG
Cng
on
Thi
gian
M
s
cn
S
my
Ngy Thm Tra:

Bng 7: BM07-GMP7
Nhit
(0 C)
S HIU: BM06-GMP6
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Thi
gian
Trng
thi
bnh
(/K)
Hnh
ng
khc
phc v
kt qu
Ph
thi
Ghi ch
Ngi Thm Tra:
PHIU KIM TRA HOT

NG NG GI
STT
Tn
hn
g
Ng
y
sn
xut
Cch S
ng thn
gi
g
S HIU: BM09-GMP9
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Ph liu Ngi chu
to ra khi trch nhim ti
ng gi
cng on
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 8: BM02-SSOP02 (biu mu gim st trnh tc nhn ly nhim)

S HIU: BM02-SSOP02
BO CO GIM ST TRNH TC NHN
Ngy ban hnh:
LY NHIM
Tng s trang:
iu kin v sinh
Thi im kim tra

Ngy:
Ngy:
S
1. H thng n chiu sng

a. Chp n bo v kn, kht
b. iu kin v sinh
2. Sn phm
a. Dng c cha ng an ton
v sinh
b. iu kin v sinh nh: sn
phm ch bao gi hay ng
khng b ri rt xung nn.
3. My mc
a. V sinh sch s, m bo du
nht khng b nhim vo sn
phm
4. Ho cht
Ngi kim tra

T
a. Dng c cha kn, bo qun

tch bit
b. Ho cht trong danh mc s
dng
Ghi ch
Bng 9: BM03-SSOP(biu mu gim st trnh tc nhn ly nhim cho)
BO CO GIM ST TRNH TC NHN LY

NHIM CHO
iu kin v sinh
Dng c cha
nguyn liu,
bn thnh phm,
ph liu.
My mc tip xc
trc tip vi bn
iu kin v sinh ( /K )
Sch v trong tnh trng
tt
c s dng ring bit
Ct t gn gng nhng
dng c cha s dng
n.
Sch trong tnh trng tt
V sinh trc khi s dng
C ng i ring bit
Thao tc ca cng
Khng tip xc vi vt
nhn
dng khng
m bo v sinh.
V sinh c nhn khi vo,
ra phn
xng hay khi tay b bn.
Dng c s dng chuyn
bit theo
Cc hot ng
khu vc v mc ch khc
khc
nhau.
Cng nhn cc khu vc
khc nhau khng i qua,
li.
Ngy ban hnh:

Tng s trang:
Thi im kim tra

Ngy:
u ca
Hng mc
S HIU: BM03-SSOP
Gia ca
Cui ca
Ngi kim
tra/ gim st
M t s c
Hnh ng khc phc
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 10: M04-SSOP (Biu mu gim st kim tra ng vt gy hi)

BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA NG VT GY
HI
S HIU: BM04-SSOP
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
NI DUNG KIM TRA
Tnh trng
Thi im
kim tra
Ngi kim tra
Khng c ng vt gy hi trong
xng
Bo tr h thng ngn chn
V sinh nh xng
Phun thuc dit cn trng
By chut
By 1
By 2
By 3
By 4
Bng 11: BM06-SSOP (biu mu gim st kim tra v sinh hng ngy)
BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA V SINH
HNG NGY
STT
NI DUNG
V sinh xng:
- Nn nh c qut dn
Ca ngy
u
Cui
ca
ca
(/K) (/K)
S HIU: BM06-SSOP06
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Ca m
u
Cui
ca
ca
(/K)
(/K)
HNH NG
KHC PHC/KT
QU
sch s.
- Sch, trong tnh trng tt
2
V sinh sn phi:
- Sn phi c qut dn
sch
- Sch trong tnh trng tt
Vt dng v dng c ch
bin:
- B mt cc vt dng
ng sn phm sch s.
- Bt, nong,.. khng tn
ng sn phm c.
- Vt dng v dng c
c sp xp ngn np,
ng ni qui nh.
V sinh my mc:
- V sinh sch s
- Khng tn ng sn
phm c.
Gim st ng vt gy
hi
- iu kin dn d v to
ni n nu cho ng vt
gy hi
- V ngn chn chut, cht
rn thi ti cc ng
thot nc thi thc hin
hiu qu
- V sinh mi trng xung
quanh
Nh thay
- Hp x phng
- Vt dng lm v sinh
- Khng treo nhng vt
dng khc ngoi o qun
bo h trong ngn t quy
nh
Phng lnh
- Trn v tng tnh
trng v sinh tt
- Tm lc my lnh v cc
cnh qut trong tnh trng
v sinh tt
Phng ng gi
- Nn nh c qut dn
sch s.
- Vt dng, dng c, bn
gh sch s
- My mc ng gi sch
s, v sinh trc khi s
dng.
Ngi gim st
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 12: BM07-SSOP-01 (biu mu gim st kim tra mu nc)

BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA MU NC
S HIU: BM07-SSOP-01
Ngy ban hnh:
Ngy
Thi
im
V tr ly mu
pH
Tng s trang:
trong Mi v
Kim tra bi
u ngun
Sau h thng
x l
B tr trung
gian
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 13: BM07-SSOP-02 (biu mu gim st tnh trng v sinh thit b cha ng nc
S HIU: BM07-SSOP07-02
BO CO GIM ST TNH TRNG V SINH
Ngy ban hnh:
THIT B CHA NG NC
Tng s trang:
Thit b cn v sinh
Ngy
Bn
V tr vi
nc
cha
nc
V sinh
bi
Kt qu
v sinh
Kim
tra bi
Ghi ch
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 14: BM08-SSOP08 (biu mu gim st kim tra cht thi)

BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA CHT
THI
Ngy
Tnh trng
bo tr v
tnh trng
v sinh ca
cc cng ,
rnh
Khu vc
trung
chuyn
rc
S HIU: BM08-SSOP08
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Hng mc
Thi gian
Kh nng
thot nc chuyn rc
phng ng
thi hin
gi
tng nc
thi chy
ngc
Hnh
Ngi
gim
st
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi
thm
tra
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 15: BM09-SSOP09-01 (biu mu gim st kim tra sc kho cng nhn)
BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA SC KHO
S HIU: BM09-SSOP9
CNG NHN
Ngy ban hnh:
Stt
Ngy
H v tn
Ngy Thm Tra:
Bnh
Gii quyt
tnh hung
Tng s trang:
Ghi
Ngy
ch
bo co
Ngi bo
co
Ngi
thm tra
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 16: BM09-SSOP09-02 (biu mu gim st kim tra v sinh c nhn hng ngy)
BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA

V SINH C NHN HNG NGY
S HIU: BM09-SSOP9-02
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Hng mc
Thi im kim tra

S
C
T
Hnh ng sa cha
Bo h lao
y ng quy cch
Sch trong tnh trng tt
Tnh trng Khng c du iu mang
sc
kho bnh ly nhim cho sn
cng nhn
phm
Thc hin ng ni quy
xng
Thc hin Ra tay trc khi sn xut
v sinh
Mng tay di, sn, eo
trang sc
Khc nh, ht thuc
Phng thay Sch s v bo tr tt.
bo h
y x phng, khn lau
Khu vc v Sch s v bo tr tt
Thit b ra v kh trng
tay phi sch v y
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 17: BM010-SSOP10-01 (biu mu gim st kim tra tip nhn ho cht)
BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA TIP S HIU: BM010-SSOP10 -01
NHN HO CHT
Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Tn
ho
cht
S lng
Nhn
hiu
Nh cung
cp
Ni dung gim st
Loi ho cht ny c
trong danh mc ang s
dng ca DN
v danh mc cho php s
dng ca nh nc
khng ?
Bao b cn nguyn vn
khng ?
Kt qu gim
st
C nhn hiu v nhn

hiu c y thng tin
khng ?
Hn s dng ca ha
cht bo qun(theo qui
nh ca DN )
Cc h s khc ( m t
thnh phn, hng dn
s dng, h s
cht lng ho cht.)
Ngy Thm Tra:
Ngi Thm Tra:
Bng 18 :BM010-SSOP10-02 (biu mu gim st kim tra ho cht ty ra/cht

bo qun)
BO CO GIM ST KIM TRA HO
CHT TY RA/CHT BO QUN
S HIU: BM010-SSOP10 -02

Ngy ban hnh:
Tng s trang:
Stt
Tn ha
cht
Ngy Thm Tra:
Nh sn xut
Mc ch s dng
Ghi ch
Ngi Thm Tra:

Xay Dung Ke Hoach Haccp Cho Quy Trinh San Xuat Banh Bong Lan

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Xay Dung Ke Hoach Haccp Cho Quy Trinh San Xuat Banh Bong Lan

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N TT NGHIP

GVHD :GS.TSKH Nguyn Trng Cn

KHA LUN TT NGHIP

XY DNG K HOCH HACCP CHO QUY TRNH SN XUT

Ngnh: CNG NGH THC PHM

GVHD: GS.TSKH Nguyn Trng Cn

TP. H Ch Minh, 2012

Chng 1: Tng quan v HACCP

- in thoi: T: (08) 3886 9963 FAX: (08) 3886 9971

Hnh 1.1: Cng ty c phn Thc phm xanh

1.1.3. T chc v nhn s ti cng ty :

Khu hnh chnh

Px. Bng lan

Hnh 1.2: S t chc cng ty

php lut hin hnh.

Phng hnh chnh

Hinh 1.3: S mt bng nh my

1.1.5. Cc sn phm ca cng ty c phn Thc Phm Xanh

Hnh 1.4 : Thc phm Vit Nam

Hnh 1.5 : Sn phm bnh

- Khi lm vic khng c a gin, cn phi i ng cn thn cc khu vc ang sn

- Tc c my mc, thit b c cng tc ngt in trong cng mt phng v trong tm nhn.

Gm bt khng t tiu chun.

Bng 1.1 : Cht lng nc thi bnh ko

- Do h thng cng ty nh nn hu nh nc thi khng c x l m thi ra cng .

- n c hp nha bo v v c v sinh theo lch hng tun.

1.2.Tm hiu v qun l cht lng thc phm.

Bin php kim sot mi nguy (Control Measure) l cc phng php vt l, ho

sinh hc, n cn t ra cc bin php kim sot phng nga v hn ch ti mc ti thiu cc

Nm 1971 cng ty Pillsburry trnh by HACCP ln u tin ti hi ngh ton quc ca M v

Nguyn tc 2: Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn (CCP) loi b cc mi nguy

hoc lm gim kh nng xut hin ca chng.

Nguyn tc 3: Thit lp cc gii hn ti hn, cc gii hn phi ph hp v m

bo rng mi CCP u nm di s kim sot.

Nguyn tc 4: Thit lp cc th tc gim st m bo cc im kim sot

Nguyn tc 5: ra hnh ng sa cha khi s kim sot ch ra rng mt im

kim sot quan trng khng nm di s kim sot.

Nguyn tc 6: Thit lp cc th tc thm tra bao gm cc bi kim tra, cc th

tc kim tra chng t h thng HACCP lm vic c hiu qu.

nh ngha: i HACCP l mt nhm cn b k thut v chuyn gia v HACCP c thnh

Bng 1.2: Bng m t sn phm

Cch thc vn chuyn v tip nhn nguyn

Ngun gc nguyn liu

M t tm tt quy cch thnh phm

Thnh phn khc ngoi nguyn liu

iu kin phn phi v vn chuyn sn phm

i tng s dng sn phm

Cc quy nh yu cu cn phi tun th.

Xc nh phng thc s dng i vi sn phm cui cng v cc yu cu km

Phng thc phn phi: bn bun, bn l, xut khu...

Thi hn s dng v iu kin bo qun.

Yu cu v ghi nhn c ni dung cng b cc xc nhn, gii thiu cch s dng.

Bc 4: Xy dng s quy trnh cng ngh

Phi trnh by y cc bc m sn phm i qua theo ng trnh t v s

tng tc ca cc bc cng ngh.

Thuyt minh y thng s k thut v cc thao tc chnh ti mi cng on.

Bc 5: Thm nh thc t dy chuyn sn xut.

Thm tra tnh xc thc ca s quy trnh cng ngh so vi thc t.

m bo khng b st bt l mt cng on no.

Gip thnh vin trong nhm HACCP nm c mt s vn lin quan.

Bc 6: Phn tch mi nguy v xc nh cc bin php phng nga

Nhn din tt c cc mi nguy c lin quan n tng cng on trn dy chuyn sn

Mi nguy vt l: bt k vt th no bt ngun t bn ngoi c th tim n

Mi nguy ha hc: xut pht t t nhin ( c t c nc, c t cc,), hoc