Our Lady of Fatima University

COLLEGE OF NURSING
Antipolo City
A COMPREHENSIVE COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
OF SITIO GUMAMELA 2, PHASE 4 OF BARANGAY STA. CRUZ, ANTIPOLO CITY
In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement of
The Related Learning Experience in Community Health Nursing
Prepared by:
Abanes, Raphaela C.
Asis, Monica C.
Banaag, Nesesario D.
Chan, Chloe Joyce A.
Cruz, Krisha Mae O.
Cruz, Bianca Dominic Anne T.
Dela Paz, Naichelle P.
Malaylay, Cassandra Marie F.
Romero, Rodelyn P.
San Pedro, Darrel S.
October 2015
I.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To our almighty God and to the people who made this research thesis possible, we
would like to thank for the support and guidance for letting us conduct this research
thesis efficiently.
To our almighty God we thank you for the wisdom you have given us and the
strength to accomplished all our objectives.
To our dean of the College of Nursing, Ms. Ma. Virginia Alarilla RN, MAN and
to our Clinical Coordinator, Mrs. Evangeline Teruel RN, MAN we truly appreciate the
opportunity you gave us on conducting this research thesis.
To our Community Instructor, Mr. Norbert Lewin Soliven RN, MANwe would
like to express our sincere gratitude.For the continuous support, patience, motivation, and
immense knowledge and with his guidance he helped us in writing this thesis.
To the chairman of Sitio Gumamela Phase four, Mrs. Nilda Iris, this will be
nothing without you, we thank you for letting us collect informations to your community.
To the baranggay officials, we appreciate your guidance and to your endless
cooperation with us.
To the residents, for the cooperation theygave us to conduct these surveys.
Last but not the least,to our parents who supported us financially and spiritually
throughout writing this thesis.

II.

INTRODUCTION

Community health nursing is defined as the synthesis of nursing and public health
practice applied to promoting and protecting the health of population. It is a
specialized field of nursing that focuses on the health needs of communities,
aggregates, and in particular vulnerable populations. It is a practice that is continuous
and comprehensive directed towards all groups of community members. It combines
all the basic elements of professional, clinical nursing with public health and
community practice.
Community Diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of health status of the
community in relative to its social, physical and biological environment. It is a
quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors which
influence their health. It identifies problems, purposes areas for improvement and
stimulates action.
This community diagnosis were assign to a community to conduct a community
diagnosis they frequently do this in the morning to Thursdays up to Saturdays within
three weeks covering their duty in Community Health Nursing.
Comprehensive Community Diagnosis is defined as an integrated system of
care designed to meet the health needs of individuals, families and
communities in their local settings. It includes primary prevention, i.e.
prevention of health problems and/or diseases before they occur (health
promotion and disease prevention); secondary prevention, i.e. early
detection of problems or diseases and intervention (curative care and
support); and tertiary prevention, i.e. correction and prevention of
deterioration, rehabilitation and terminal care (rehabilitative care).

The purpose of this is to know what kind of community they have and how well
does the residence their identifies the community they live in. It is important to
interact with the residence, for that the researchers may know some informations
regarding to their community. This will help the researcher to further understand the
community and to gain experiences throughout their duty in the community.
Sitio Gumamela phase 4 is in need of help to the researcher, as future nurses we
have to be flexible at all the time and responsible to the people we dont know. They
need to promote health to the community. They have to conduct health teaching to the
residence there. They want to solve the problems that the community is facing. Their
top priority must be focus to the health of the residence and to the community.

III.

OBJECTIVES

General Objectives
The study aims to determine the current health status of the residents of
Sitio Gumamela Phase 4. To acquire adequate knowledge, develop desirable

attitude and skill (practice) in taking care of individual, family and community
with the effective utilization of available resources in the community.
Specific Objectives
The specific objectives of this research are the following:
1. To gather information regarding the current health status of the families in the
community.
2. To identify health needs of the individuals and the families..
3. To assess the general health condition of the community.
4. To assess the peoples attitude and awarenesstowards their families health
status.
5. To increase families awareness on Maternal and Child Health Nursing and
IV.

other DOH programs.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will prove that the problems in the community have an effect ti
the residents. This study will help the community to be aware to the problems
and to avoid it. For the community leaders it will help them to give complete
information and adequate explanation for the resident. For the student who
will read this it is helpful because they can help their own community to be
aware of the problems in their community. And lastly for the future
researchers, this will guide them on what to do in their future thesis in

V.

Community Health Nursing.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The study was conducted in order to know more on the problems that are present

in the community. The researchers used survey method as a type of diagnosis to

determine and assess both major and minor possible problems in the community that
can be a threat to the families that are exposed to these kinds of threats, assessment
through survey includes basic awareness to health programs raised by the barangay,

environmental aspects such as garbage disposal and other aspects that can affect the
community. All in all the researchers surveyed a total of 54 households or families of
Sitio Gumamela 2 phase 4 in a span of 3 weeks. Despite of the limited time and the
unpredictable weather, the researchers have maximized the time and accomplished
the task in due time.
VI.

Methodology/ Tools Used:

The researchers used quantitative analysis as a method of gathering data. On this

study the researchers used survey questionnaire tools in interviewing random

residents of Sitio Gumamela phase 4 in order to help avoid certain biases. The survey
contains family related questions which pertains to their way of disposing their
garbage, immunizations of children and the like. The researchers utilized both ocular
and interview methodologies to identify possible health threats in the community.

VII.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Biological vectors -a vector that is essential in the life cycle of a pathogenic organism
Blue

Collar Job

refers

to employees whose job entails (largely

physical labor, such as in a factory or workshop.

Blended Family - union of spouses brings a child from previous marriage.

or

entirely)

Casual Employee - can be defined as where an employee is employed when and if

needed, and where there is no particular expectation of continuing employment.
Cohabitating Family - described as a live-in arrangement between an unmarried couples
who are called common law spouses and their child or children from such an
arrangement.
Common law - a relationship between two persons in which they reside as if they were
married.
Compound Family - a family where a mom has more than one spouse.
Contractual Employee - an employee who works under contract for an employer. A
contract employee is hired for a specific job at a specific rate of pay.
Dyad Family - a family consisting of husband and wife as newly married couples and
empty nesters.
Extended Family - a family that consists of three generations including married siblings
and their families and/or grandparents.
Educational Attainment - is a term used in reference to the highest level of education an
individual has received.
Employed - or having a job especially one that pages or a salary.
Family - a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption living together.
Family Planning- is the planning of when to have children, and the use of birth
control and other techniques to implement such plans. Other techniques commonly used

include sexuality

education, prevention

and

management

of sexually transmitted

infections,pre-conception counseling and management, and infertility management.

Graduate - a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training,
especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate academic degree.
Job

Order

Employee

specified requirements,

written instructions to

within

specified

perform

timeframe

a work according
and cost

to

estimates.

Literacy Rate - percentage of persons aged 15 and above who can read and write.
Married - someone who is married has been formally joined in marriage with
another person
Mechanical Vector - a carrier, especially the animal (usually an arthropod) that transfers
an infective agent from one host to another.
Morbidity -the incidence or prevalence of a disease or of all diseases.
Mortality - the number of deaths within a particular area, group, etc.
Nuclear Family - a family structure composed of a husband and wife and children.
Regular Employee - directly employed; work for an employer and are paid directly by
that employer. In addition to their wages, they often receive benefits like subsidized
health care, paid vacations, holidays, sick time, or contributions to a retirement plan.
Retired -withdrawn from or no longer occupied with one's business or profession.
Self Employed - an individual works for himself or herself instead of working for an
employer that pays a salary or a wage. A self-employed individual earns their income

through conducting profitable operations from a trade or business that they operate
directly.
Separated - no longer live together as a loving couple
Single - unmarried or not involved in a stable sexual relationship.
Single Parent - a person bringing up a child without a partner
Undergraduate a student at a college or university who has not yet earned a degree.
Unemployed - person of employment age (generally 16 to 55 years) who does not have
a paying job but

is

available

for work and

is

actively

seeking

job.

Vector - a living thing (as a mosquito, fly, or tick) that carries and passes on a diseasecausing microorganism
Ventilation - the provision of fresh air to a room, building, etc.
White Collar Job- a descriptive term for office workers, who use a minimum of physical
exertion,

as

opposed

to

blue-collar

laborers.

Widowed - a woman or man who has lost his or her spouse by death and has not
remarried.

VIII. BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE COMMUNITY (SITIO)

A. COMMUNITYS NAME, LOCATION, AND BOUNDARIES
Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 is under Barangay Sta. Cruz. It is located at the upper
portion of the sitio. The boundaries of the barangay are the following: North Marcos
Highway, South Sumulong Highway, East Olalia Road, Barangay Dela Paz, and West
Barangay Mambugan to Marcos Highway near Nangka Road.
B. HISTORY OF THE COMMUNITY

Barangay Sta.. Cruz is a clustered Sitio of Barangay Dela Paz. these are Sitio of
Sta. Cruz, Nagpuso, Cavallers, Kay Baiya, Mahal na Poon, Tawid-Tawid, Uulan,
Makatubong , Mini, Tgisan at Seven Hill. The Republic Act of 791 was formed on April
21,1984 which is an act constituting of the said sitios to be added as one into a new
barangay, known as Barangay Sta. Cruz. Kagawad Jesus gonzales is the first to serve
Barangay Sta. Cruz as a barangay leader in 1992 and Kagawad Maria Herra M.
Domingois the second chairman in 1994. The third chairman, Kagawad Rina G. Junio,
led in 1994 up to november 30 of 2007. The fourth and current chairman of Barangay
Sta. Cruz is kagawad Oscar "Oca" T. Tamayao that served since December 1 of 2007.
C. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY
i.
Total Population
Maam Josephine Bovida, who was assigned to do the statistics about the
population of Sitio Gumamela Phase 4, told that the total population is
estimated to 2,100. She said that the exact figure this year is undertermined
right now because they do not have the latest update for the population.
ii.
Land Area
The land area of covered by Barangay Sta. Cruz is 727.52 hectares
iii.
Physical Features
The surroundings of Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 is quite messy
because the arragement of the houses are randomly placed. The one who
made the spot map had a hard time illustrating the communitys vacility.
If you are going to stroll around the sitio, you will easily notice the open
iv.

drainages, stagnant water, and litter of the residences.

Climate
Climate is defined as the weather prevailing in a certain place in general. It

is a duration of a very long time. The climate in Sitio Gumamela is dry and
hot.

Weather is in a period of a short time. In our first week of conducting the

survey, it was rainy. Then, on our last week it was sunny and hot.
v.
Medium of Communication
The residents of Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 is using Filipino language as
a means if comunication. When they were asked why, the answer is that
they use tagalog because they know that they are in a place where most
people speak it so that may understand each other easily.
vi.

Means of Transportation
The means of transportation in the Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 are
tricycles. Most of the tricycles there are Barako. These barakos are
able to withstand the steepness of the Sitio. The fee is 8 pesos per
person. We notice that the capacity of a tricycle is 5 people or 6
people. There are tricycles who have 3 passengers at the back of the

vii.

driver.
Resources Available in the Community
The source of electricity in Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 is Meralco,
May Liwanag Ang buhay, some are using candles, and there source

viii.

of water is Nawasa.
Community Services Available
The Health Center that is serving the Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 like
free consultation, immunization, family planning, pre-natal check-up,

and well-baby clinic.

D. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

GUMAMELA

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F. Spot Map

IX.

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

A Total Population Distribution of Household Surveyed

Table1. Frequency and Percentage of Total Population of Family Surveyed
Frequency

Percentage

Surveyed

54

8%

Not Surveyed

646

92%

Total

700

100%

Total Population of Family Surveyed

8%
Surveyed
Not Surveyed

92%

Figure1. Percentage Distribution of Total Population of Household Surveyed

Interpretation
The total family surveyed in SitioGumamela is 54 out of 700. Only 8% was
surveyed and 92% was not surveyed.
Analysis
In our hours in the community of Sitio Gumamela, we surveyed 8% of the
population. The residents there are cooperative enough to answer all the questions. We just
have to explain to them the purpose of the survey. The limited time became a hindrance
for us to survey all the families.

B Population Pyramid
Male

Age

Female

Percentage

Frequency

Year/s old

Frequency

Percentage

4%
1%
8%
15%
14%
40%
15%
3%
100%

5
1
10
18
17
47
18
3
119

0-1
1-3
3-6
6-12
12-18
19-45
45-65
65 and above
Total

7
8
13
17
19
44
28
3
139

5%
6%
9%
12%
14%
32%
20%
2%
100%

Table2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Population Pyramid

Figure2.Percentage Distribution of Population Pyramid

Population Pyramid
44%
40%

8%9%

Male

20%
15%

15%
14%
14%
12%

Female

ol
d
45
-6
5

ye
ar
s

ol
d
12
-1
8

ye
ar
s

ol
d

3%2%

ye
ar
s

01

6%
1%

36

4%5%

ye
ar
ol
d

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

Interpretation
The figure above shows that males in the age range of 19-45 years old is 40% of
the total population of males. The second would be the age ranges of 6-12 years old and
45-65 years old with 15% each. The least would be the age range of 1-3 years old. For the
females in the age range of 19-45 years old is 45% of the total population of the females.
Next would be the age range of 45-65 years old. Then the least would be 65 years old and
above.
Analysis
The data above shows that there are more females than males but this would not
be a problem for it does not mean that females are more dominant than the males because
the figure only shows the age ranges of each gender and not the data stating the one who
leads the family.

C Types of Family Structure

Table3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Types of Family Structure
Types of Family
Frequency
Percentage
Compound

4%

Cohabitating

11

20%

Nuclear

25

46%

Single Parent

4%

Extended

13

24%

Dyad

2%

Total

54

100%

Figure3.Percentage Distribution of Types of Family Structure

50%

46%

45%
40%
35%
30%
24%

25%

20%

20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

4%
Compund

4%
Cohabitating

Nuclear

Single Parent

2%
Extended

Dyad

Dyad

Interpretation
The above tables show that the dyad family is the least having two percent while
the nuclear family is the most type of family having forty-six percent. The extended
family is twenty-four percent, cohabitating family is twenty percent, and then the
compound family and the single parent type are the same having four percent.

Analysis
The most common structure is the nuclear family in Sitio Gumamela thus it is
helpful because the whole family may fully support each other.
Health Implication
Nuclear family will be able to provide support to family members because of their
small size. Family will easily know each other and share affection for each other
(Pillitteri, 2010).

D Civil Status
Civil Status

Frequency

Percentage

Single

63

39%

Married

65

40%

Common Law

26

16%

Separated

1%

Widowed

4%

Total

162

100%

Table4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Civil Status

Figure4.Percentage Distribution of Civil Status

Civil Status
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

Single

Married

Common Law

Separated

Widowed

Interpretation
Married couples have the highest percentage of forty percent while the separated
having the least of one percent. Single people follow the highest with thirty-nine percent.
Common law is sixteen percent and widowed with seven percent.
Analysis

Analysis It was shown that the married couples are frequent in Sitio Gumamela
phase 4. These couples raise their children together. This help the children to grow up in a
normal environment with their family.
Health Implication
Children who lived and raised in intact married families are more likely to attend
school, physically and emotionally healthier, less likely to drugs or alcohol, decreased
risk of divorce when they get married and less likely to become pregnant as a teenager
(United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2015).

X. SOCIO-CULTURAL INDICES
A.Educational Attainment
Table5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Educational Attainment
Frequency
Educational Attainment

Percentage

Elementary Graduate
Elementary Undergraduate
High School Graduate
High School Undergraduate
College Graduate
College Undergrauate
Total

18
36
53
36
12
36
191

9%
19%
28%
19%
6%
19%
100%

Educational Attainment
60
50
40

Undergraduate
Graduate

30
20
10
0

Elementary

High School

College

Figure5. Percentage Distribution of Educational Attainment

Interpretation
Figure above shows that with the total of 191 respondents, 9% is an Elementary
graduate and 19% for Elementary undergraduate. 28% for high school graduate and 19%
for high school undergraduate. And lastly for college, 12% is for college graduate and
36% for undergraduate in college.
Analysis

High school graduate got the highest percentage with 28% while College graduate got
the lowest with 6%. This shows that respondents prefer working as early as possible just
to earn enough for family. This may also result to limited information a person can have.
Educational attainment may affect persons knowledge about health related issue.
Health Implication
According to the National Bureau of economic, the understanding the system by
which education affects health is therefore significant for policy. It might be more cost
effective to follow that system than to increase educational attainment, but increasing
educational attainment may be the right policy response.

B. Religion
Table6. Fequency and Percentage Distribution of Religion
Religion
Catholic
Others
Total

Frequency
206
41
247

Figure6. Percentage Distribution of Religion

Percentage
83%
17%
100%

Religion

17%

Catholic

Others
83%

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 206 or 83% of the total respondents surveyed is
Catholic. And about 17% or 41 of the respondents belong in other religion.
Analysis
Most of the respondents are Catholic. This will somehow affect peoples beliefs
especially when it comes to family planning. Religion plays an important role in giving

decisions when it comes to family planning especially to those who are religious. Other
religion of the family includes Born again and Jesus Miracle.
Health Implication
Religion guides a persons overall life philosophy, it influences how people feel about
health and illness, what foods they eat and their preferences about birth and death rituals
(Pillitteri, 6th edition).

C. Ethnic Background
Table7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Ethnic Background
Ethnicity
Itawis
Tagalog
Bicolano
Bisaya
Ilocano

Frequency
3
23
8
17
2

Percentage
5%
43%
15%
31%
4%

Pangasinense
Total

1
54

2%
100%

Figure7. Percentage Distribution of Ethnic Background

Series 1
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

Itawis

Tagalog

Bicolano

Bisaya

Ilocano

Pangasinense

Series 1

Interpretation
Figure above shows that 5% of the household are Itawis, 43% of household which
was the highest is Tagalog,15% for the group of Bicolanos, Bisaya with 31% of the
household, 4% for Ilocanos and lastly with 2% for Pangasinense.
Analysis
Families from Sitio Gumamela came from different ethnic group. They based or act
from what Ethnicity they came from. They share different cultural practices.
Health Implication

According to Pilliterri (4th edition) cultural values influence the manner in which
people plan for childbearing and childrearing and respond to health and illness.
D. Place of Origin
Table8. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Place of Origin
Place of Origin
NCR
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV-A
Region V
Region VI
Region VIII
Region IX
Region XII
Total

Frequency
19
2
1
3
12
4
6
4
1
2
54

Figure8. Percentage Distribution of Place of Origin

Percentage
35%
4%
2%
6%
22%
7%
11%
7%
2%
4%
100%

Place of Origin

IX

XI
I
Re
gi
on

Re
gi
on

VI
II

VI

Re
gi
on

Re
gi
on

Re
gi
on

IV
-A

III

Re
gi
on

II

Re
gi
on

Re
gi
on

Re
gi
on

CR

40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

Series 2

Interpretation
The figure above shows that some people from Sitio Gumamela came from different
place of origin. 19 household or 35% of respondents came from NCR. 2 household or 4%
came from Region I. 1 household or 2% are from Region II. 3 household or 6% are from
Region III. 12 household or 22% are from Region IV-A. 4 household or 7% are from
Region V. 6 household or 11% are from Region VI. 4 household or 7% are from Region
VIII. 1 household or 2% are from Region IX. 2 household or 4% are from Region XII.
Analysis
Majority of the respondents are from NCR, where can you find a job that has a
higher salary than job in provinces. And they prefer living near city where opportunities
has a higher chance for them.

Health Implication
Migrating affects the adaptation of a person from the environment of where did
they migrate especially the children (Montazer& Wheaton, 2011).

E Primary Dialect Spoken

Table9. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Primary Dialect

Dialect Spoken
Tagalog
Others
Total

Frequency
40
14
54

Percentage
74%
26%
100%

Figure9. Percentage Distribution of Primary Dialect

Primary Dialect Spoken

Others; 26%

Tagalog
Others

Tagalog; 74%

Figure 9
Interpretation
The figure above shows that 74% of respondents used Tagalog as their primary
dialect spoken and 26% respondents used different dialects.
Analysis

They used Tagalog to easy understand and to communicate each other since
tagalog is the most language that used in the Philippines. Others used Bisaya, Bicolano
and Ilocano as their primary dialect spoken.
Health implication
According to Pilliteri (4th edition) that people are ordinarily associate only with
members of their own culture, speaking their native language, may have great difficulty
detailing a health history in English to a health provide.

F Length of Residency
Table10. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Length of Residency

Length of Residency
6month-1yr
1yr-3yrs
3yrs-5yrs
5yrs-10yrs
10yrs above
Total

Frequency
7
5
3
11
28
54

Percentage
13%
9%
6%
20%
52%
100%

Figure10. Percentage Distribution of Length of Residency

Lenght of Residency
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

6months-1year

1yr-3yrs

3yrs-5yrs

5yrs-10yrs

10yrs above

Series 2

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 13% of families has been living for about 6 months
1 year, 9% for 1 year 3 years, 6% for 3 years 5 years, 20% for 5 years 10 years
and 52% of families has been living for about 10 years above.
Analysis

Most of the families we surveyed was been living in about 10 years in Sitio
Gumamela. They live longer in Sitio Gumamela because of its nature.
Health Implication
According to Pilip each one desires to have a sense of safety and security.

G Recognized leader in the Community

Table11. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Recognized leader in the
Community
Recognized Leader in the Frequency

Percentage

Community
Barangay Officials

98%

53

Elders
Total

1
54

2%
100%

Figure11. Percentage Distribution of the Recognized leader in the Community

Recognized Leader in the Community

Elders; 2%
Barangay Officials
Elders

Barangay Officials; 98%

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 98% of families we surveyed rely on Barangay
Officials and 2% prefer to rely on Elders.
Analysis
Barangay officials have the highest percentage. They knew that barangay
officials can provide information they needed than the elders.

Health implication
One of the responsibilities of a leader is to organize the community. Some leaders
are creative in many ways that can help the environment and the health of those people
who is under him like recycling plastic instead of burning or putting it into a wrong place.
(Abrugar, 2014).

I.

Observance of Community Tradition

Table12. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Observance of Community

Tradition
Traditions Celebrated
Practiced
Not Practiced
Total

Frequency
41
13
54

Percentage
76%
24%
100%

Figure12. Percentage Distribution of Observance of Community Tradition

Traditions Celebrated

Not Practiced; 24%

Practiced
Not Practiced

Practiced; 76%

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 76% of the population practiced their traditions
celebrated in the community and 24% did not practiced their traditions.
Analysis
Most of the families celebrated their traditions because this is the thing they know
can bond each other.
Health implication

According to the General Assembly resolution (1979) each racial grouping in the
world has their specific traditional cultural beliefs and practices, a few of which are
favorable to all members, while others are harmful to a particular group.

XI. ECONOMIC INDICES

A. Occupational Status
Table13. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Occupational Status
Occupational Status
Employed
Unemployed
Self-employed
Retired
Total

Frequency
70
31
26
6
133

Figure13. Percentage Distribution of Occupational Status

Percentage
53%
23%
20%
4%
100%

Occupational Status
60%
50%

Employed
Unemployed

40%

Self-employed
Retired

30%
20%
10%
0%

Interpretation
Figure above represents the distribution of the population surveyed in proportion
to occupational status of Sitio Gumamela phase 4. It shows that 53% of the surveyed
population is employed, 23% are unemployed, 20% are self-employed and 4% of the
surveyed population is retired.
Analysis
This shows that most of the respondents in Sitio Gumamela phase 4 are employed
as a result their health habits will not be compromised yet an ample percentage of the
population

is at serious chance to raise poor healthy lifestyle due to average

unemployment rate of the population.

Health Implications

Unemployed people are more prone to develop poor healthy habits, exhibiting
excess alcohol intake, smoking, depression, low self-esteem and even intake of prohibited
drug. William R. Avison, PhD, professor of sociology and leader of the University of
Western Ontario study said in one of his research "Many people have their first mental
health problems of their lives after losing a job. And because of their illness, they may be
more likely to lose future jobs."

B. Nature of occupation
Table14. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Nature of Occupation
Nature of occupation
Blue Collar Job
White Collar Job
Total

Frequency
53
17
70

Percentage
76%
24%
100%

Figure14. Percentage Distribution of Nature of Occupation

Nature of Occupation

24%

Blue Collar Job

White Collar Job

76%

Interpretation
Figure above shows taht shows the distribution of the nature of occupation of
employed individuals. 76% of the population is employed in blue-collar job while 24% of
the population is employed in white-collar jobs.
Analysis

White collar jobs usually pay higher since their education level is required for
admittance into most professions while most blue-collar jobs does not need formal
education to perform basic job duties resulting to lower salary. Education plays an
important role as determinant of an individuals work and economic circumstances,
which they are linked to health through its connection to health behaviors. In Sitio
Gumamela phase4 where most people are employed in blue-collar jobs are more likely to
be at risk in work-related accidents and are less likely to engage in a health-enhancing
maintenance.
Health Implications
The average person spends about one-third of their waking hours at work. Most
people employed in blue-collar jobs correlate job stress with an increased likelihood of
physical health issues such as insomnia, headaches, high blood pressure and increased
risk of heart attacks. They are also at risk in developing musculoskeletal problems like
back pain and strain injuries. People engaged in white-collar jobs are more likely to
develop certain mental health disorders like anxiety and depression, as well as drug
abuse, alcoholism and gambling. (Ashley Miller)

C. Combined Monthly Income

Table15. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Combined Monthly Income

Combined Monthly Income
Php 1000 and below
Php 1001 Php 5000
Php 5001 Php 10000
Php 10001 Php 15000
Php 15001 Php 20000
Php 20001 Php 25000
Php 25001 Php 30000
Php 30001 and above
Total

Frequency
4
8
11
16
5
3
3
4
54

Percentage
7%
15%
20%
30%
9%
6%
6%
7%
100%

Figure15.Percentage Distribution of Combined Monthly Income

Combined Monthly Income

35%

30%

Php 1000 and below

Php 1001-Php 5000

25%

Php 5001-Php10000
Php 10001-Php 15000
Php 15001-Php20000

20%

Php 20001-Php25000
Php 25001-Php30000

15%

Php 30001 and above

10%

5%

0%

Interpretation
Figure no (insert number) shows the combined monthly income of the surveyed
population. Majority (30%) of the population has combined monthly income of 1000115000 Pesos. 20% has combined monthly income of 5001-10000 Pesos. 15% has
combined monthly income of 1001-5000 Pesos. 9% has monthly income of 15001-20000
Pesos. 1000 pesos below and 30001 Pesos and above has 7% of the population combined
monthly income. 6% has combined monthly income of 20001-25000 Pesos and 2500130000.

Analysis

The data proves that the respondents who earned Php10001-15000 are extremely
large. This proves that the combined monthly income can provide the family with their
basic needs. 7% of the respondents earned Php1000 and below which signifies that a
small portion of the population earned below the minimum wage of a family in a month.
Health Implication
According to Philippine Statistics Authority (2012), Filipino families in the
poorest deciles earn an average monthly income of Php6000.00. When it comes to the
pattern of spending among the Filipino families, 42.8 percent of the familys total
expenses went on food. The expenditure on housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel
was the second largest percentage of expenses with 20.7%. Among the families in upper
70% per capita income group, spent 39.7% of their total expenses on food and 21.5% on
housing, water, electricity and gas. In opposition, families in the bottom 30% per capita
income group, two-thirds (62.3%) of the total family expenditure was spend on foods,
followed by expenditure on housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuel at 15.3%.

XII. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICES

A. Housing Facility

i.

Housing Material

Table16. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Housing Material

Type of Materials
Light
Strong
Mixed
Makeshift
TOTAL

Frequency
17
31
5
1
54

Percentage
32%
57%
9%
2%
100%

Figure16. Percentage Distribution of Housing Material

Types of Material Used

Light

Strong

Mixed

Makeshift

Types of Material Used

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 32% of the population used the type of materials the
families used is light materials, 57% of the population used strong materials, 9% of the
population used mixed materials and lastly 2% used makeshift materials.
Analysis

The data presented suggests that most houses are made of strong type of materials
because they want to secure their things as well as their self for the threats of
environment like floods and landslide. Many houses are made of light materials are prone
to termites and is of poor quality. Members of the family who own wooden houses should
have adequate knowledge about fire safety hazards so as to prevent the start of fires in the
community. And few houses are made of mixed materials/ makeshift housing materials,
which show that most of them are adequately settled.
Health Implication
People choose mixed materials because their priority is their health and they
cannot afford the more expensive housing materials that are very costly. But even if their
homes are made of mixed materials, they believe these can help to make them minimize
accidents although they are amenable that when strong or super typhoons come along,
they are most likely going to suffer so much. People in the community prefer for the
security and comfort ability of their family though and would want to stick together no
matter what or even if they are poor and live in a depressed community.
The construction of the house is very important because it is one of the basic
needs of people to ensure the safety of their family. This would also provide a security
measure and adjustments in physical facilities that may be required to help the client
manage a physical disability, tolerance and daily living activities. (Fundamentals of
Nursing 7th edt. By Kozier)

ii.

Ventilation

Table17. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Ventilation

Ventilation
Frequency
Well Ventilated
10
Poorly Ventilated
29
Fair
15
TOTAL
54
Figure17. Percentage Distribution of Ventilation

Percentage
18%
54%
28%
100%

Ventilation

Fair; 28%

Well Ventilated; 18%

Poorly Ventilated; 54%

Interpretation
The Figure above shows 18% are well-ventilated houses. 54% of poorly
ventilated houses and 28% fair ventilated houses.

Analysis
Based on the graph above most of the families have well ventilated houses
because the air can circulate properly into the house. The poor ventilation can lead to
poor indoor air quality that may affect the health of every member of the family.
Health Implication
Air quality is one of the most important aspects of the environment of the
community. This is because the insufficiency of air in the community can influence and

affect the health status of people in the area. By moving the air out of the lungs, breathing
poor ventilation can cause different respiratory diseases. This only means that most
residents in the place are going to suffer from different respiratory diseases. Good
ventilation is important to remove and stale air, providing comfortable environment.
(Fundamentals of Nursing 7th edition by Barbara Kozier)

iii.

Lightning Facility

Table18. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Lightning Facility

Lightning
Electricity
Candles
Kerosene
TOTAL

Frequency
50
2
2
54

Figure18. Percentage Distribution of Lightning Facility

Percentage
92%
4%
4%
100%

Lighting-Facilities
Kerosene; 4%
Candles ; 4%

Electricity ; 92%

Interpretation
The figure above shows 92% of total number of houses in the community is using
electricity as a source of lighting, 4% of using kerosene as its lighting on their house and
4% of using candles.
Analysis
In terms of lighting, most of the families have their electrical appliances such as
televisions and electric fans and some of the families only have electric fans, because of
tight resources of income. The use of kerosene and candles or lamps may cause fire
hazards since all of the houses there are made of wood and other light materials, and are
narrow spaces between each. There should be fire extinguishers or any fire exit plan in
their community in case there could be a fire incident there and have a safe place to stay.
Health Implications

Lighting an environment is often a complex task principally considered during the

design stage of the building. Reduce the individuals ability to perform task in poor
lighting and cause dissatisfaction, resistance to change and uncooperative attitudes
(Humans Factor,1995)

B. Toilet Facility
i.
Type of Excreta Disposal
ExcreataDispoal

Frequency

Total

Box and Can Privy

7%

Pit Latrine

6%

Pour Flash Latrine

47

87%

TOTAL

54

100%

Table19. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Type of Excreta Disposal

Figure19. Percentage Distribution of Type of Excreta Disposal

Type of Excreta Disposal

7%

6%
Box and Can Privy
Pit Latrine
Pour Flush Latrine

87%

Interpretation
This figure shows 87% for pour flush latrine, 7% for box and can privy and 6%
for pit latrine.
Analysis
Majority of the families used pour flush latrine. The compensation of pour flush
toilet are there are no fly and, agreeable to use and maintenance is relatively
undemanding. And the other percent are using box and can privy and pit latrine because
its either they are belong to the group of squatters.
Health Implications

Having a clean toilet can prevent diseases. A flush type toilet is conducive to
good sanitation and desirable health for occupants of homes. And also it can lessen
vectors and insects inside the house that can be the cause of diseases. Another is that a
flush type toilet is convenient because of its easy to clean and less stressful when using
the toilet. A flush toilet is a toilet that disposes of human waste by using water to flush it
through a drainpipe to another location which makes it clean and easy to use. It helps in
the protection of the communitys environment since toilet wastes or feces of people in
the community will not be posing health hazards to the said community.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush_toilet)
Pit latrine Privy can produce substantial quantitities of heavily contaminated
wastewater which can require substantial downstream infrastructure to avoid severe
environmental and public health problems. Untreated wastewater can pose dangers to
health if the outflow from leach pits may pollute the groundwater table or, even more
critically, may be used without treatment for irrigating crops.( World Bank group, n.d)

ii.

Waste Segregation Practice

Table20. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Waste Segregation Practice

Ownership of Toilet Fac.

Frequency

Percentage

Private

43

80%

Public

9%

Shared

11%

TOTAL

54

100%

Figure20. Percentage Distribution of Waste Segregation Practice

Ownership of Toilet Facility

11%
9%

Private
Public
Shared
80%

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 80% of the total households have private toilets.
While 9% used public toilets and 11% use a shared toilet
Analysis
Majority of the households in the community they have their own toilet facilities
because it is convenient and easier to preserve cleanliness and may reduced the
possibility of spread of diseases from contaminations. Other uses shared or public
because shared and public toilets make each member of the household prone to acquiring
diseases and infections. Communicable disease is high when households share toilets.
People lack privacy and other risk of infection from unsanitary toilet use and conditions
are greater compared to those who own a toilet facility.
Health Implications

For a family to toilet facilities are truly very desirable and the most ideal
practice for Filipino families and elsewhere. This promotes better health and well-being
of people in the home and in the community since sanitation is fully secured in the
premises of the community. This helps the community avoid diseases arising from
unsanitary conditions normally found in some depressed communities, not just in the
Philippines but also in other countries similarly situated as that of the country. Having
your own toilet facility in your house will be very convenient for the family members.
Because if they experience an urge to use the toilet they can readily do so without waiting
for long, unlike in places where one has to wait for others before they can relieve
themselves. The latter case is more stressful, unhealthy and inconvenient to people in
communities. (Public health nursing in the Philippines 2007)

iii.

Sanitary Condition of Toilet Facility

Table21. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Sanitary Condition of Toilet

Facility
Sanitary Condition
Good
Fair
Poor
TOTAL

Frequency
12
28
14
54

Percentage
22%
52%
26%
100%

Figure21.Percentage Distribution of Sanitary Condition of Toilet Facility

Sanitary Condition

22%

26%

Good
Fair
Poor
52%

Interpretation
The graph above shows that 52% of the total number of household is having a fair
sanitary condition, 26% having poor sanitary condition and 22% of the total number of
household has good sanitary condition.
Analysis
The table implies that there is a big percentage of fair environmental sanitation in
the community and some was rated poor and good. The presence of insects and rodents
plus the presence of some household pets contributes to the poor environmental sanitation
in the community. Improper garbage disposal around their houses results to the presence
of foul smelling odor in the community. These factors highly affect their health status.
And these problems can lead to the spread of communicable diseases in the community.
Health Implications

According to Dr Margaret Chan (n.d) , Improved sanitation contributes

enormously to human health and well-being, especially for girls and women. We know
that simple, achievable interventions can reduce the risk of contracting diarrhoeal disease
by a third."
According to Ann M. Veneman ,The absence of adequate sanitation has a serious
impact on health and social development, especially for children. Investments in
improving sanitation will accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development
Goals and save lives.

C. Garbage Facility
i. Type of Garbage Disposal
Table22. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Type of Garbage Disposal
Garbage Disposal
Burning
Burying
Open Dumping
Waste Segregation
Others: Waste Collection
TOTAL

Frequency
5
1
20
9
19
54

Percentage
9%
2%
37%
17%
35%
100%

Figure22. Percentage Distribution of Type of Garbage Disposal

Garbage Disposal

Co
lle
ct
io
n
W
as
te

O
th
er
s:

Se
gr
eg
at
io
n
W
as
te

pi
ng
D
um
O
pe
n

Bu
ry
in
g

Bu
rn
in
g

40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

Garbage Disposal

Interpretation
Based on the data above, Out of 54 respondents 17% are aware of the waste
segregation and 37% reported are not aware or practice improper waste disposal.
Analysis
Most of the families in the community practices collecting their garbage. People
of those who do not have their garbage collected just throw their trash within the area and
leave it there, this results to the pollution of the river and poor sanitation. RA 9003, an
act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary
institutional mechanism and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing
penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for the other purposes. People of the

community are not aware in this waste management; some of them do not know how to
separate the garbage which is a problem in their environment because they are not
concerned with separating those which are biodegradable and those which are not. The
observation of their environment is poor because of their surrounding, some of their
practices in garbage is by throwing or disposing on the river side which will affect their
health because near in their place is the dumpsite.
Health Implications
According to Roma and Ugh, She considers MDG4 Toilets and the
reduction of child mortality. Diarrhoeal diseases caused by inadequate sanitation and
unhygienic conditions put children at multiple risk leading to vitamin and mineral
deficiencies, high morbidity , malnutrition and death .
ii. Garbage Container Used
Table23. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Garbage Container Used and
Manner of Handling Garbage
Garbage Container Used
Frequency
Garbage Bag
10
Rice Sack
30
Plastic
12
Waste Basket
2
TOTAL
54
Manner of Handling Garbage
Covered
23
Uncovered
31
TOTAL
54

Percentage
19%
55%
22%
4%
100%
43%
57%
100%

Figure23. Percentage Distribution of Garbage Container Used and Manner of

Handling Garbage

Garbage Container Used

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

Garbage Bag

Rice Sack

Plastic

Garbage Container Used

Waste Basket

Manner of Handling Garbage

43%
57%

Covered
Uncovered

Interpretation
Data reported that there is many containers related in disposing their garbages
these are garbage bag 19%, wastebasket 4%, rice sack 55%, plastic 22 %.As what we
have seen in our survey we noticed that 57 % of households dont cover their garbage
container and 43% is aware in covering their garbage container.
Analysis
The table implies that they are using rice sack as their garbage, the figure above
shows 55% of the total respondents are using sac as a way of keeping their garbage
organized as verbalized by the respondents, which is a big impact in our environment if

they do not know how to make use of it properly. Biodegradable plastics hold a promise,
but not a currently perfect solution, and it is more exclusive to produce. Based on the
graph above 57% dont cover their container which is unsecured and a breeding sites of
microorganism that will affect their health. 43% of the Households are aware that this is
the proper way of securing their garbages.
Health Implications
According to Manitoba , open burning of garbage is a waste disposal soil would
be to those near to the fire who may inhale the smoke. Other individuals on-site and offsite may also be affected, depending on factors such as the distance to the fire, exposure
duration, amount and type of material burned, individual sensitivity. Covering waste is
good for the health and general wellbeing of families in a community. This is because
uncovered waste or garbage could harbor insects that are carriers of communicable
diseases like Dengue, Malaria, and Fever. Uncovered wastes exposed to the vectors in the
community will generally compromise the health and welfare of residents in the area. It
can also serve as the breeding sites for such vectors

D. Sewerage System
Table24. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Sewarage System
Sewerage System
Blind Drainage
Open Drainage
TOTAL

Frequency
23
31
54

Figure24. Percentage Distribution of Sewarage System

Percentage
43%
57%
100%

Sewerage System

43%
57%

Blind Drainage
Open Drainage

Interpretation
The figure above shows that 43% of the sewerage system in Sitio Gumamela is
blind drainage and 57% is open drainage.

Analysis
Based on the table above, even though majority of the sewerage system is open
drainage. Open drainage composed of feces, urine, bacteria and viruses that would attract
mosquitoes and may spoil foods when come into contact and this may bring harm to the
health of the population. It may also contaminate from destroyed water pipes that can
cause diarrhea, hepatitis and other diseases. And blind drainage may bring there is a big
risk for health hazard for the family.

Health Implications
According to Hariri, Khlifa and Atalla, Bathers are at risk of contracting
illness due to bacteria and viruses present in sewage effluent. Gastrointestinal disorders
have been linked to the sewage pollution, with viruses implicated as the cause. The
occurrence of this kind of drainage system might have a result on the vectors that are
present in the community, particularly, the mosquitoes. Because of the fact that it is open,
insects or other vectors might inhabit it if it is not maintained properly. This is the major
breeding of mosquitoes that could be carriers of diseases.

E. Domestication of Animals
Table25. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Domestication of Animals
Domestication of Animals
With Pets
Without Pets
TOTAL

Frequency
35
19
54

Percentage
65%
35%
100%

Figure25. Percentage Distribution of Domestication of Animals

Domestication of Animals

35%

With Pets
65%

Without Pets

Interpretation
The graph above reflects that 66% of the total respondents have pet, while 34%
does not have any pet.
Analysis
Domestic animals serve as one of the threats in the health of members of the
community especially if the pets are not vaccinated. There are household who have pets
at their home some members do not have enough space on cage their pets so they tend to
keep them inside their homes and house, these pets could be bring insects such as live,
ticks, fleas etc. which would be transferred to the members of the family. The pets may
also cause asthma and allergies. These animals also bring harmful and deadly rabies if not
vaccinated.
Health Implications

According to Center for Disease Control, Animals, even those in close association
with humans, such as dogs, can attack if they perceive threat, are protecting their young
or territory, or are injured or ill.

G. Presence of Vectors Carrying Diseases

i. Presence of Vectors Carrying Disease
Table26. Frequency and Percentage Distribution og Presence of Vectors Carrying
Disease
Vectors
With
Without
TOTAL

Frequency
52
2
54

Percentage
96%
4%
100%

Figure26. Percentage Distribution og Presence of Vectors Carrying Disease

Presence of Vectors Carrying Disease

4%
With
Without
96%

Interpretation:
From the data above 96%households that are represented by 100% in the pie chart
above has a presence of vectors carrying disease and 4% only without a presence carrying
disease of vectors.
Analysis
Above data shows that they are not aware of the hazards of presence of vectors
might bring in their households. There is 96% households has presence of vectors that
carrying disease. This would be unsafe to everyones health, rash and itch to humans
when bitten, mosquitoes causes dengue, and cockroach and flies from unclean places

makes the food and eating utensils be contaminated that causes diseases. Presence of
insects like mosquitoes is a leading factor that contributes to spreading of malaria and
dengue.
Health Implications
According to European Food Safety Authority, A vector is a living organism that
transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal. Most
of these vectors are blood sucking insects, which consume disease-producing
microorganism. Some of these are frequently arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies,
fleas, and lice. Mosquitoes are the best know diseases vectors.

ii. Presence of Breeding Sites of Vectors

Table27. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Presence of Breeding Sites of
Vectors
Presence of Breeding Site
With
Without
TOTAL

Frequency
47
7
54

Percentage
87%
13%
100%

Figuure27. Percentage Distribution of Presence of Breeding Sites of Vectors

Presence of Breeding Sites of Vector

13%
With
Without
87%

Interpretation:
From the data above 61% of the population or 34 households that are represented
by 100% in the pie chart above has a presence of breeding sites of vectors and 39% of the
households or 21 respondents only without a presence of breeding sites of vectors.
Analysis
Breeding sites are present to the total household interviewed
because of not have of proper home and environment sanitation. The survival of

pests is almost unpreventableBased on the figure above, there are a high percentage of
breeding sites in the community, which may cause health risk for the families.
Health Implications
According to World Health Organization, Access to water and sanitation is a very
important factor in disease control and elimination. They are also the most difficult to
prevent or control because they are so resilient to intervention and so deeply embedded in
the ecologies and landscapes of the regions they infest. Vectors make all the difference in
this equation because they exponentially increase the range and transmissibility of
pathogens over those that would depend on transmission by direct human contact.

iv.

Ways of Controlling Vectors

Table28. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Ways of Conrolling Vectors

Ways of Controlling Vec.
Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
TOTAL

Frequency
14
11
29
54

Percentage
26%
20%
54%
100%

Figure28. Percentage Distribution of Ways of Conrolling Vectors

Ways of Controlling Vectors

26%

Physical
Mechanical

54%
20%

Chemical

Interpretation:
The figure above shows that 57% of the respondents are using chemical as a way
to control vectors, 7% using mechanical and 36% for physical ways.
Analysis
Based on the graph above, majority of the respondents are using habits to control
vectors carrying disease in the community. There is a possibility of reappearance of
vectors if not totally controlled by the respondents in the community. DOH made a 4o
clock habit for the prevention of dengue. And also they are not aware of how to prevent
this vector carrying disease.

Health Implication:
According to WHO , Significant contributions to safeguarding public health come
through good management practices including the use of chemical or biological
interventions to control the spread of harmful organisms or the carriers that transmit
them. Pesticides make a vitally important contribution to public health programs across
the world in controlling the pests and/or the diseases they transmit. The use of pesticides
for controlling disease vectors has been proven highly effective and is consistently
supported by the World Health Organization.

XIII. HEALTH INDICES

A. Water
i.
Source of Water
Table29. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Source of Water
Source of Water

Frequency

Percentage

Level 2 Communal Open

4%

52

96%

54

100%

System/ Stand Post

Level 3 Individual House
Connection
TOTAL

Figure29. Percentage Distribution of Source of Water

Source of Water

4%

Level 2
Level 3

96%

Interpretation:

The table implies 96% of the surveyed households uses Level III ( Individual
House Connection) which are primarily from private company (MWSS) that supplies
clean and potable water while 4% uses Level II or Communal Faucet (Communal Open
System or Standpost).
Analysis:
Most of the households that are surveyed uses Level III (Individual House
Connection) as their source of water for their daily living activities while 4% still uses
Level II (Communal Open System or Standpost). From the respondents that were
surveyed none of them uses the Level I (Point Source) which is also known as Deep well.

Health Implications
According to the World Health Organization (WHO, n.d), water- related diseases
like lead poisoning can affect people through exposure to old lead pipes although it is rare
nowadays it can still pose a threat to people who are unaware of the condition of their
water pipes that they used as source of water. Too much lead can damage the systems of
the body. That is why proper treatment of water and replacement of old worn- out water
pipes is of high importance.

ii.

Source of Drinking Water

Figure30. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Source of Drinking Water

Source of Drinking Water
Level

Frequency

2 Communal Open 1

Percentage
2%

System/ Stand Post

Level

3 Individual House 36

67%

Connection
Others

17

31%

TOTAL

54

100%

Figure30. Percentage Distribution of Source of Drinking Water

Source of Drinking Water

2%

Level 2
Level 3
Mineral Water

31%

67%

Interpretation:
The table implies 67% of the surveyed households utilizes the Level III or MWSS
(Individual House Connection) as source of drinking water and 31% buys mineral water
while 2% remains to use the Level II (Communal Open System or Standpost).
Analysis:
Most of the local residents that we have surveyed uses the Level III or MWSS
(Individual House Connection) as source of their safe and potable drinking water because
it is less expensive compared to the 31% who buys mineral water in privately owned
water refilling stations that are near the area while 2% still utilizes the Level II
(Communal Open System or Standpost).

Health Implication:
According to Reyala (2000), people who get drinking water from the pipe water
facilities are not exempted from diarrheal disease contraction particularly those that are
served with old worn-out pipes that sucks in sewage or filt through cracks and joints of
pipes.

iii.

Storage of Drinking Water

Table31. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Storage of Drinking Water

Storage of Drinking Water

Frequency

Percentage

Jar (Banga)

7%

Drum

6%

Plastic Container

47

87%

TOTAL

54

100%

Figure31. Percentage Distribution of Storage of Drinking Water

Storage of Drinking Water

7%

6%

Jar (Banga)
Drum
Plastic Container

87%

Interpretation:
Based on the survey 7% of the respondents used the old fashioned storage of
drinking water, which is the jar (banga) while 6% uses drum. The remaining 87% uses
plastic containers as storage of their drinking water.
Analysis:
The figure above shows that 87% of the respondents uses plastic containers as an
effective storage for their drinking water while 7% uses old fashioned jars or banga and
6% uses drum containers as storage for their drinking water.
Health Implication:

According to Reyala (2000), insufficient knowledge in handling water from the

source to the storage point can contaminate drinking water. The use of drum, plastic
containers and jars as containers for drinking water can be an applicable water storage as
long as it is provided that it follows the right method and way of storing drinking water in
order to reduce the risk of acquiring water-borne diseases that can affect a persons health.

iv.

Manner of Storing of Water Supply

Table 32. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Manner of Storing of Water

Supply
Manner

Frequency

Percentage

Covered

53

98%

Uncovered

2%

TOTAL

54

100%

Figure 32. Percentage Distribution of Manner of Storing of Water Supply

Manner of Storing of Water Supply

2%

Covered
Uncovered

98%

Interpretation:
Based on the data gathered, 98% of the respondents uses covered manner of storing water
and the remaining 2% of the respondents reported that they leave it uncovered.

Analysis:
Due to increasing awareness of the people when it comes to the manner of storing their
water 98% of the respondents reported that they use covers in storing water in order to
avoid contamination and to prevent water-related diseases.

Health Implication:

According to the World Health Organization (WHO,2004) Humans may be infected by

pathogens by drinking or ingestion and contact with contaminated water. And therefore
proper manner of storing water can highly contribute to the prevention of having a
contaminated water that causes disease and infection.

v.

Methods of Sanitizing Water

Table 33. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Methods of Sanitizing Water

Methods Used

Frequency

Percentage

Boiling
Filtration

18
24

33%
44%

Sedimentation

4%

None

10

19%

TOTAL

54

100%

Table 33. Percentage Distribution of Method of Methods of Sanitizing Water

Methods Used in Sanitizing Water

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%

44%

20%
33%

15%
10%

19%

5%

4%

0%
Boiling

Filtration

Sedimentation

None

Methods Used in Sanitizing Water

Interpretation:
The table implies that 33% of the households use boiling as a method of sanitizing
water, 44% uses filtration and 4% uses sedimentation while 19% uses no methods for
sanitizing their water.
Analysis:
Due to the lack of awareness when it comes to the sanitation and disinfection of
water, most of the respondents represented by 4% on the graph, uses sedimentation which

is not that appropriate for disinfecting water most especially if it is for drinking.
Sedimentation does not sanitize the water, for it only let's the particles present in the
water to settle down but does not inactivate microorganisms that are still present in the
water.
Health Implication:
Improper disinfection and sanitation of water can lead to contamination and other
water-related diseases such as diarrhea and other gastrointestinal complications.
According to the World Health Organization (2011) Boiling of water in a average
temperature of 60 Celsius is the most effective method to inactivate pathogenic
microorganisms.

B. Food
i. Manner of Food Storing
Table 34. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Manner of Food Storing
Type

Frequency

Percentage

Refrigerated/ Covered

21

39%

Not Refrigerated/ Covered

26

48%

Dispose

13%

TOTAL

54

100%

Figure 34. Percentage Distribution of Manner of Food Storing

Food Storage Practices

Refrigerated/ Covered

Not Refrigerated/ Covered

Dispose

Interpretation:
From the households that are surveyed, almost all of the respondents, refrigerated
or not refrigerated, practiced a covered manner of food storing and about 4% of the
respondents have reported that they dispose left-over food.
Analysis:

Based on the survey, 98% of the respondents are aware of the consequences of
improper food storage practices while about 4% choose to dispose left-over food right
after they have finished eating their meals.

Health Implication:
According to Department of Health (2015), Food-borne infections due to
unsanitary handling and storing preparation of food can pose a great threat to every
Filpinos health. Therefore proper method of storing is important in order to prevent
food-borne diseases as well as to ensure food safety.

ii. Food usually Consumed

Table 35. Frequency and Percentage of Food Usually Consumed
Type

Frequency

Percentage

Meat
Vegetables

3
8

5%
15%

Mixed

43

80%

TOTAL

54

100%

Figure 35. Percentage Distribution of Food Usually Consumed

Food Usually Consumed

5%
15%

Meat
Vegetables
Mixed

80%

Interpretation
From the data, we observed that 15% of respondents consumes meat and another
15% consumes vegetables while the remaining 80% consumes both meat,fish and
vegetables or mixed as food that they normally consume.
Analysis
Eating a balanced diet is important to health because it also affects a persons wellbeing. Studies prove that following nutrition guidelines can prevent diseases.

Health Implication:
According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (2001), proper diet and
wholesome practices to promote good-health can help reduce the risk for infections and
diseases.

C.

Community Health Programs

Awareness
Table 36. Frequency and Percentage Distribution for Awareness
Type

Aware
Yes
Frequency Percentage

Total
No
Frequency Percentage
(%)

Free
Consultation

44

81%

10

19%

100%

Immunization
46

81%

10

19%

100%

35

65%

10

19%

100%

Check-Up
Well-Baby

32

59%

22

41%

100%

Clinic

31

57%

23

43%

100%

Family
Planning
Pre-natal

Awareness
Figure36.Percentage Distribution for Awareness
81%

81%
65%

59%

57%
43%

41%

Not-Aware

W
el
l-b
ab
y

ch
ec
kup
Pr
ena
ta
l

Fa
m
ily

Aware

cl
in
ic

19%

pl
an
ni
ng

19%

un
iz
at
io
n

19%

Im
m

Fr
ee

co
ns
ul
ta
tio
n

90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

Utilization
Table 37.Frequency and Percentage Distribution for Utilization
Type

Utilization
Yes

Total
No

Frequency Percentage

Frequency Percentage

37

69%

17

31%

100%

40

74%

14

26%

100%

22

41%

32

59%

100%

(%)
Free
Consultation
Immunization
Family
Planning

Pre-natal
Check-Up
Well-Baby

22

41%

32

59%

100%

Clinic

22

41%

32

59%

100%

Utilization
Figure 37.Percentage Distribution for Utilization
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%

Utilizing

20%

Not-Utilizing

10%

Interpretation

cl
in
ic
W
el
l-b
ab
y

Pr
e-

na
ta
l

ch
ec
kup

pl
an
ni
ng
Fa
m
ily

un
iz
at
io
n
m
Im

Fr
ee

co
ns
ul
ta
tio
n

0%

Awareness
The figure represents the surveyed people who are aware of the said community
health programs. The results showed that 81% are aware of the free consultations and
immunization, the 19% are those who are unaware of it. 65% are aware of family
planning while the 19% are unaware. On pre-natal check-up, 59% are aware, leaving
behind 41% which are a group of respondents that are unaware. Lastly, 57% are aware of
well-baby clinic and the rest of the 43% are not aware.
Utilizing
The figure above represents the surveyed people who utilizes the community
health programs available. The results showed that 69% utilized the free consultation
program while the 31% did not use it. On Immunization programs, 74% are able to
utilized the program while the remaining 26% are not able to utilize it. Family planning,
Pre-natal check-up and well-baby clinic has 41% who are able to utilized the programs,
the rest of the 59% has not able to use the said available programs.
Analysis
Free Check up
This program aims to improve the general health status of people and reduce
mortality and morbidity rate among the population. all programs are available and
accessible to all people who needed basic health services and so to sustain development
through the promotion and maintenance of school, workplaces, communities, and cities.
Immunization

On the data above, one of the highest percentages of awareness are Immunization
and the Free consultation and are the lowest in percentage of not utilized. They are
highest in utilized since they are easy to get from health centers as they are free and costeffective to people who are unable to pay a big sum of money.
Family Planning
The data above shows that the highest percentage is the awareness while the
utilization is the lowest. The reason why the utilization is low is because people dont
have time to participate in Family planning programs because of job related problems and
they are busy in their homes. Most of the people surveyed are also young or too old to be
able to use Family planning programs as they are only available to men and women of
viable ages.
Pre-natal check-up
The awareness has the highest percentage than utilizing the program. Pre-natal
check-ups are used to ensure that both the baby and the mother are progressing well as
they should be. It provides opportunity for mom to know the answers to their questions
and also to get the accurate nutritional information for health care providers in order to
meet the nutritional needs of their babies
Well-Baby Clinic
The highest percentage is the awareness than the utilized, the data shows that only
a few are able to use the program. Well-baby clinic is important to check if babies are
developing well in both physical, motor and physiological aspects. This is to ensure that

the baby would grow healthily and identify if theres disabilities or maintain the babys
health to an optimum level. This is also to give the mothers an idea and more knowledge
on how to take care of their baby and help them grow in physical and emotional aspects.
Health Implications
According to the department of health (DOH, 2000), Health care should be of a
good quality and always accessible to improve the quality life of Filipinos, especially the
poor. This is also to reduce morbidity, mortality, disability and complications from the
diseases that are public health problems and to promote the health and nutrition of
families, both of the health of rural and urban poor.
C. Health Seeking Behavior
Table 38. Frequency and Percentage Distribution for Health Seeking Behavior
Facilities
Hospital
Health center
Clinic
Others
Total:

Frequency
15
24
5
10
54

Figure 38.Percentage Distribution for Health Seeking Behavior

Percentage
28%
44%
9%
19%
100%

Health seeking behavior

Hospital

19%

28%

Health center
Clinic

9%

Others

44%

Interpretation
The figure represents distribution of the population surveyed in proportion to their
health seeking behavior. It shows that 28% seeks the hospital, 44% on Health centers, 9%
on clinics and the 19% of the population surveyed has others indicated in their health
seeking behavior.
Analysis
This shows that most of the respondents in Sitio Gumamela phase 4 are seeking
on health centers more than hospitals and clinic. As a result, people are able to obtain
decent health care in health centers and the 17% and the 2% from the outpost and

albularyo. Most do not have the income to afford hospitals thats why they are only able
to visit health centers and outposts.
Health Implication
Health problems that are beyond the Primary health care unit are usually
referred to an intermediate health facility such as a Rural health unit. The higher the level
of health services the more it has the qualifications in terms of their health workers and
equipments used. (Jean Reyala, 2000)

D. Source of Health Information

Table 39. Frequency and Percentage Distribution for Source of Health
Information
Facilities
Hospital
Health center
Clinic
Others
Total:

Frequency
22
22
8
2
54

Figure 39. Percentage Distribution for Source of Health Information

Percentage
40%
41%
15%
4%
100%

Source of health information

4%

Hospital

15%

Health center
40%

Clinic
Others

40%

Interpretation:
The figure represents distribution of the population surveyed in proportion to their
source of health information. It shows that 40% of the surveyed has their source of health
information in hospitals, 41% on health centers, 15% on clinics and the 5% of the
population surveyed has others indicated in their source of health information.
Analysis
This shows that most of the respondents in Sitio Gumamela phase 4 has different
sources for their health information. 4% of the respondents get their information from
outposts while most respondents get them from health centers since they are able to visit
it often in times of need and are cost-effective.

Health Implications
Health education is a means of improving the health of the people by employing
various methods of scientific procedures to show the most healthful way of living, as
stated by Jean Reyala (2000). One of the most important aspects of functions of public
health worker is that the health education is planned and integrated on all programs and
services.

h. family planning status

Table 40. Frequency and Percentage Distribution for Family Planning Status
Family Planning Status
Acceptor
Non-Acceptor
Total

Frequency
15
16
31

Figure 40. Percentage Distribution for Family Planning Status

Percentage
48%
52%
100%

Family Planning Status

52%

48%

Acceptor
non-acceptor

Interpretation
The figure represents the number of acceptors and non-acceptors of birth control
in sitiogumamela phase 4. It shows that 48% are acceptors and 52% are non-acceptors.

Analysis
Based on the graph above the non-acceptors are a little more than the acceptors.
This is very alarming because almost half of the population are non-acceptors.
Health Implications
The data and the graph imply that both acceptors and non-acceptors of family
planning be given awareness or more awareness of the benefits of planning in raisingtheir
families Non-acceptors if not guided may lead to, one, ill-timed pregnancies and births.

This may contribute to high infant and mother mortality rate. Two, non-acceptors are not
aware of preventing themselves against Sexual Transmitted Infections including Human
Immunodeficiency Virus. The use of condoms or other safe means may reduce the risk of
infection. The infants may also suffer from infection. Third, family planning should be
widely available and accessible through midwives, nurses and other trained health
workers so that these non-acceptors may be influenced to change their decision.
On the other hand, acceptors of family planning in raising families be given enhanced
or further knowledge in order
appropriate for them.

that they can be better in choosing the best metho

I.

Methods of family planning

Table 41. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Methods of Familly Planning

Method of Family Planning
Natural
Artificial
Total

Frequency
27
12
39

Percentage
69%
31%
100%

Figure 41. Percentage Distribution of Methods of Familly Planning

Method of Family Planning

31%
Artificial
Natural
69%

Interpretation:
Based on the graph, the respondents prefer natural methods of planning than
artificial methods. Those who prefer artificial method.

Analysis:

Most of the respondents in Sitio Gumamela phase 4 are users of natural birth
control methods instead of artificial method. On the medical point of view, the natural
method is preferred because it has no physical side effects. However, the better has a risk
of being less effective if instructions regarding these are not followed properly and
accurately.
Health Implications:
According to Contraception Guide the natural family planning method can be up
to 99% effective if the instructions are properly followed. Estimates according to
contraceptive guide, it will be less effective if it is not used according to instructions.
Natural family planning has no physical side effects and it can be used whenever the
mother wants to get pregnant. That is why there are unwanted pregnancies due to
mistakes in following instructions.

J. Infant Feeding Practice

Table 42. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Infant Feeding Practice
Infant Feeding Practice
Breastmilk
Formula
Mixed
Total

Frequency
9
15
8
32

Percentage
28%
47%
25%
100%

Figure 42. Percentage Distribution of Infant Feeding Practice

Infant Feeding Practice

25%

28%

Breast milk
Formula milk
mixed

47%

Interpretation:
The figure above shows that 47% of the total mothers use formula milk. Breast
milk comes second, 28% and mixed breast milk and formula milk come third, 25%.

Analysis:

The graph shows that mothers use three ways of feeding their babies. Milk
formula gets almost one halh of the population respondents in feeding their babies.
Breast feeding and mixture of breast feeding and formula milk feeding is popular
especially for working and not so healthy mothers.
Health Implications:
Dr. Alison Steede (N.D.) statesthat for infants, not being breastfed is associated
with an increased incidence of infectious morbidity, as well as elevated risks of childhood
obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden infant death syndrome. For
mothers, failure to breastfeed is associated with an increased incidence of premenopausal
breast cancer, ovarian cancer, retained gestational weight gain, type 2 diabetes,
myocardial infarction, and the metabolic syndrome. Obstetricians are uniquely positioned
to counsel mothers about the health impact of breastfeeding and to ensure that mothers
and infants receive appropriate, evidence-based care, starting at birth. that failure of
mother to breastfeed is associated with an increased incidence of premenopausal breast
cancer, ovarian cancer, retained gestational weight gain, type 2 diabetes, myocardial
infraction, and the metabolic syndrome. Obstetricians have to counsel mothers about the
health impact of breastfeeding.

K. Presence of Hazardous Threats

Table 43. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Presence of Hazardous Threats

Threats
Environmental
Physical
None
Total

Frequency
32
14
8
54

Percentage
59%
26%
15%
100%

Figure 43. Percentage Distribution of Presence of Hazardous Threats

Presence of Hazardous Threats

15%

Environmental
Physical
None

26%

59%

Interpretation
The graph above shows that 59% represents 32 out of 54 respondents exhibits
threats that were identified is caused by the environment, physical threats shows that 26%

represents 14 out of 54 respondents and 15% of the respondents say that there is no health
threat.
Analysis
Based on our observation in phase 4 of Sitio Gumamela, there were lots of
environmental hazards in that community. For example, not all the roads are cemented
and there were lots of green slimy substances on their stairs. This could cause accidents
for persons with disability and old people. As for physical hazards we observed that their
drainage or canals beside the roads are open which can cause people to slip while
walking.
Health Implications
According to Healthy People (2002) humans interact with the environment
constantly. These interactions affect quality of life, years of healthy life lived, and health
disparities. Maintaining a healthy environment is central to increasing quality of life and
years of healthy life. Globally, nearly 25 percent of all deaths and the total disease burden
can be attributed to environmental factors. Environmental factors are diverse and far
reaching. They include exposure to hazardous substances in the air, water, soil, and food,
natural and technological disasters, physical hazards, nutritional deficiencies and the built
environment.
Poor environmental quality has its greatest impact on people whose health status
is already at risk. Therefore, environmental health must address the societal and
environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.

XIV. ROBLEM PRIORITIZATION

IMPROPER HANDLING GARBAGE DISPOSAL

Criteria

Computati
on
1/3 x 1=

Weight

Actual
Score

Justification

Nature of the
Problem

0.33

2.25

Health Status
Health
Resource
Health Related

Magnitude of
the Problem

x3=

Affects 75100% of the

population
Affects 50-74%
of the population

The problem is a
health related.
Improper disposing of
wastes and garbage
can lead to the
increased occurrence
of communicable
diseases.

The condition affects

the community since
57% of the
populations are live in
poor sanitary
condition.

Affects 25-49%
of the population
Affects less
than 25% of the
population

Modifiability of
the Problem
High
Moderate
Low
Not Modifiable

2/3 x 4=

2.67
4

-The problem can be

easily modified
through the utilization
and proper use of
resources available in
their place and
backed up by
stressing of the
importance of proper
waste disposal by
teaching and
facilitating them to
segregate
biodegradable from
non-biodegradable
garbage; emphasize
to the family not to do
burning because it
might cause harm to
their health & the

environment.
Preventive
Potential
High
Moderate
Low
3/3 x 1=

Social Concern
Urgent
Community
Concern;
expressed
readiness for
action
Recognized as
a problem but
not needing
immediate action

1
x1

0.5

Not a
community
concern

TOTAL:

-If the problem can be

controlled, the
occurrence of
communicable
diseases such as
gastroenteritis or
diarrhea and
parasitism can
somehow be
prevented by putting
proper waste disposal
into practice

-The family perceives

the problem as a nonthreatening situation
and they are not
aware of the
consequences of
having improper
waste disposal

6.75

PRESENCE OF INSECTS AND RODENTS with Breeding Sites

Criteria

Nature of the

Computati
on

2/3 x 1=

Weight

Actual
Score

0.67

Justification
The problem is a health
threat in which the
presence of rodents and

Problem

insect increase the rate of

possible onset of disease
within the family because
insects and rodents are
known vectors of disease.

Health Status
Health
Resource
Health Related

Magnitude of
the Problem
Affects 75100% of the
population

3
4/4 x 3 =

The condition affects the

community since 87% of
the populations are living
in this condition.

Affects 5074% of the

population
Affects 25-49%
of the population
Affects less
than 25% of the
population

Modifiability of
the Problem
High
Moderate
Low
Not Modifiable

Preventive
Potential
High

1/3 x 4=

1.33
4

The problem is partially

modifiable since rodents
and insects cannot be
easily controlled and it
freely moves in and out
on their house. Through
health teachings such as
always clean their house
and provide cover to keep
the cleanliness of the
food.

If the planned
intervention are carefully
implemented and practice
somehow the problem can
be reduced to controllable

Moderate
Low

2/3 x 1=

0.67

Social Concern
Urgent
Community
Concern;
expressed
readiness for
action

x1

0.5

TOTAL:

6.17

Recognized as
a problem but
not needing
immediate action
Not a
community
concern

Poor Ventilation

situation and prevent

further development of
communicable disease

The family in community

is aware of the existing
problem. But they do not
give attention to it
because they think its
normal to have it in their
surroundings.

Criteria

Nature of the
Problem

Computati
on

Weight

Actual
Score

3/3 x 1
1

2.25

Health Status

Justification

The problem is a health

status which affects
morbidity of the population.

Health
Resource
Health Related

Magnitude of
the Problem

x3

Affects 75100% of the

population

The condition affects the

community since 54% of
the populations are living in
this condition.

Affects 50-74%
of the population
Affects 25-49%
of the population
Affects less
than 25% of the
population

Modifiability of
the Problem
High
Moderate

3/3 x 4

The problem has moderate

modifiability. Environmental
factors such as climate are
non-modifiable. There is no
community program
available, but educating the
community about
transmission and proper
management will partially
modify the problem.

Low
Not Modifiable

Preventive

Susceptibility to respiratory
illnesses caused by AURI
can be prevented.

Potential
High
Moderate
Low

3/3 x 1

Social Concern
Urgent
Community
Concern;
expressed
readiness for
action

Increasing immune system

of children and education
about transmission and
proper management will
likely prevent the problem.

The community recognized

but not expressed urgent
attention about this
problem.
1

0.5

TOTAL:

8.75

x1

Recognized as
a problem but
not needing
immediate action
Not a
community
concern

Domestication of animals
Criteria

Nature of the
Problem

Computati
on

Weight

3/3 x 1

Actual
Score

Justification

1
1

It is a health deficit, and

requires more immediate
intervention.

Health Status
Health
Resource
Health Related

Magnitude of
the Problem

x3=

2.25

Affects 75100% of the

population

The condition affects the

community since 65% of
the populations are living
in this condition.

Affects 50-74%
of the population
Affects 25-49%
of the population
Affects less
than 25% of the
population

Modifiability of
the Problem

It is partially modifiable
because the resources of
the community and the
nurse are inadequate for
the whole barangay.

High
Moderate
Low
Not Modifiable

1/3x4

1.33
4

Preventive
Potential

The occurrence of having

or increasing the incidence
of dog bites may be
prevented if dog
vaccination will be
implemented.

High
Moderate
Low
3/3x1

Social Concern
Urgent
Community
Concern;
expressed
readiness for
action
Recognized as
a problem but
not needing
immediate action

They perceived this

problem or condition that
does not needing
immediate attention
.
1
3/3x1

Not a
community
concern

TOTAL:

6.58

Fall Hazard
Criteria

Computati

Weight

Actual

Justification

Nature of the
Problem

on

Score

2/3 x 1=

0.67
1

Health Status
Health
Resource

It is health threat that

requires immediate
intervention to eliminate
the possible injury to the
number of the family that
can alter to his/her
functioning to the family.

Health Related

Magnitude of
the Problem
Affects 75100% of the
population

1.5

The condition affects the

community since 26% of
the populations are living
in this condition.

2/4 x 3 =

Affects 5074% of the

population
Affects 25-49%
of the population
Affects less
than 25% of the
population

Modifiability of
the Problem
High
Moderate
Low
Not Modifiable

2.67
2/3 x 4=

It is moderate to
modifiable in which the
student can educate and
advice the family to utilize
the available resources
present in their
surroundings. Educating
the family to made a fence
around the well to guard
the hole of the well and
protect the safety of every

family member.
Preventive
Potential
High
Moderate

Low

The possibility of fall

hazards is highly
preventable through the
implementation of the
interventions given by the
student nurse.

3/3 x 1=
Social Concern
Urgent
Community
Concern;
expressed
readiness for
action
Recognized as
a problem but
not needing
immediate action

The family perceives it as

a non1

0.5

TOTAL:

6.34

x1

Not a
community
concern

threatening situation.

XV.

PROBLEM TREE

Low political interest on pollution

Insufficient control on polluters

Lack of education and information
Low investmentin infrastructure
ie

Inadequate legal regulation Lack of public awareness

Lack of infrastructure in maintaining the waste

Solid waste dump everywhere

Lack of Funds

Improper waste disposal

Improper waste disposal can be one of the factors to affect the health of the people
in the community. Lack of funds
for cleaners/sweepers
in the community may be one of
Low
Income
the problems why some are not able to maintain the cleanliness of the area. Also, theres
no rule dictated and written about wastes to be thrown properly in a garbage can. Most of

Lack of Funds

Habitual Living Conditions Ineffective dissemination

them have waste cans infront of their houses to be used but most would burn their trashes
or bury them, and most would have their sack of trash or garbage cans uncovered.
Open sewerage system

Lack of Education and information

Presence of vectors breeding site

One of the factors affecting their health would be the presence of vectors breeding
site because most of them have open sewerage system around and inside their houses.
Some would leave their basins with water which is used in their laundry uncovered
leaving opportunities for vectors to breed. They also dont have the idea where and why
would rats and cockroaches enter their homes, which is because they lack the information
that the vectors would mostly breed in uncovered garbages. Also, the fact that they are

Cleanliness Sanitation
Stray Animals
ie
busy managing
their homes makes no time to fix and close sewerage systems.

Housing Environmental Conditions Waste Management

Physical

Biological

Use of Insecticides

Chemical

Environmental Health Threats

One of the main causes that would affect their health would be environmental
health threats which are classified into physical, biological and chemical health threats.
The housing environmental conditions would be because they have their houses placed
on an uneven terrains and near the cliffs which would be dangerous for the people leaving
near there and some would not even take care of their houses sanitation in terms of
proper disposal of wastes. They also dont have indications on sites which would also be
Risks of getting rabies
Pollutes the road with trashes
a danger to the people living in the community, one of the example is the deep stagnant
well located near the houses.Strayanimals would also loot in uncovered trash cans and
litter the garbage anywhere, then most of them would use insecticides on killing vectors
Stray dogs abandoned outside
Most animals are not immunized
which would cause lung problems. Since most of the residents are busy on their work and
everyday lives, they would forget the dangers and not all of them have the funds to fix the
problems.
Irresponsible domestication of animals

Inadequate space

Poor Domestication of Animals

Inadequate space because house is too occupied with the members of the family that may
result to abandon their pets outside that pollute the road with trashes. Higher risk of
getting rabies from unimmunized animals due to irresponsible domestication of animals
from an irresponsible owner.
Low wage
ie

No work

Low Funds

Improper Family Planning

Lack of information

Inadequate Space

Over crowding

Lack of open awareness

Poor ventilation

The other problem that affects the health of the residence in the SitioGumamela
Phase 4 is poor ventilation. This may result to upper respiratory infection. Factors
contributing to poor ventilation are the overcrowding, inadequate space, and lack of open
awareness. Overcrowding is related to improper family planning. Couples have not been
able to properly apply the correct age spacing or they did not able to use family planning
well resulting to plenty of pregnancies and a lot of children. The other factor which is
inadequate space is related to low funds because of low income. Small space of the
houses makes ventilation poor. Then the last factor which is lack of open awareness is
related to lack of information. The residences are not open to the problem of poor
ventilation and also they lack the information about good ventilation.
XVI. INTERVENTION PROGRAM
The following is the problem prioritization:
Problems
Poor Ventilation

Score
8.75

Improper Garbage disposal

Poor Domestication of Animals
Fall Hazard
Presence of insects, rodents visible breeding

6.75
6.58
6.34
6.17

sites

Community Nursing Problem

Poor ventilation would be the main problem for Sitio Gumamela Phase 4. Improper
garbage disposal, poor domestication of animals, fall hazard, and presence of insects, rodents
visible breeding sites follows.
Goal
To help the community solve their problems regarding vectors breeding site, fall hazards,
domestication of animals, garbage disposal and most especially ventilation.
Objectives
The goal would be achieved when the residents would be able to:
1
2
3
4
5

Be aware for the appropriate ventilation for their houses.

Know ways to dispose garbage.
Do their responsibilities regarding their pets immunization and others.
Know safety precautions for fall hazards.
To clean surroundings to lessen the breeding sites.

Interventions
1
2

Show the residents what a well ventilated house would look like.
a For the residents to realize that their houses are not well ventilated.
b Encourage them make their house a well ventilated one.
Help the residents to be able to properly dispose their garbage.
a Define for them the difference between the biodegradable and nonb

biodegradable.
Encourage the residents to give their garbage on the right time for the
collection.

3
4

Inform them about their responsibilities as animal owners.

a Encourage them to immunize their pets.
b Remind them to clean their pets litter (e.g. feces).
Give them safety precautions regarding fall hazard.
a Show them the areas where fall hazard is prone.
b Remind them to take care of the children, pregnant woman, and old people
when crossing these areas.
Describe to them the different vectors and its possible breeding sites.
a Show pictures of different insects, rodents, and the likes. Also the possible
b

breeding sites inside the house.

Remind them the possible bad effects of these to their health.

Community Health Nursing

I
II

III

Program Title: Oras na Para Gumising

Proponents: Raphaela Abanes
Monica Asis
Necesario Banaag Jr.
Chloe Chan
Krisha Cruz
Cassandra Malaylay
Rodelyn Romero
Bianca Dominique Cruz
Darrel San Pedro
Naichelle Dela Paz
Rationale:
This is for the awareness of the current situation in their community. The situation
said is the problem of the community we identified and observed. This is to help the

whole community and the individuals to cope up with the problems.

IV
Objectives:
This program aims to attain the following objectives:
1 To let the residence be aware of the problems happening on their community.
2 To give information on the right lifestyle to reach optimum health.
3 To open the eyes and minds of the residents to the real situation of their community.
4 To give the right opinion to the community health problems
5 To give the right advice concerning the solution for the problems.
V
Brief description of the program

Oras na Para Gumising is a program that will awaken the minds of the
individuals, family, and community of Sitio Gumamela Phase 4 to the problems they
actually do not realize that these exist in their community. The program aims to
develop and to bring awareness on a possible risk that may affect their health and in
the community.
VI

Content Outline
Masters of the Ceremony: Rodelyn Romero and Cassandra Malaylay
Activities

8:00 8:30 am: Assembly Time/ Registration: Chloe Chan and Krisha Cruz
8:30 8:35 am: Prayer: Darrel San Pedro
8:35 8:45 am: Opening Remarks: Sir Norbert Soliven RN, MAN
8:45 9:45 am: Discussion Proper: Raphaela Abanes and Monica Asis
Title of the Program, Total Household Surveyed, Type of Garbage Disposal, Presence of
Vectors Carrying Disease and Breeding Site, Community Health Programs, Presence of Accidents
and Hazards, and Identified Problems.
Games and raffle will occur in between of the topics for ice breaker.
9:45 9:50: Distribution of Snacks: Naichelle Dela Paz and Bianca Cruz
9:50 10:00 am: Closing Remarks: Necessario Banaag
VII

VIII

Time and Venue

The program will start at 8:00 am to 10:00 am at the basketball court of Sitio
Gumamela, Brgy Sta. Cruz, Phase 4.
Participants
The participants of this program were the residences of Sitio Gumamela, Brgy.
Sta. Cruz, Phase 4.

IX

Expenses

Item
1
2
3
4
5

Tasty
Powdered Juice
Mineral Water
Biscuit
Cake
Total
740 / 10 = 74 pesos each member

Price ( Pesos )
320
80
60
180
100
740

Committees
Program & Preparation Committee Raphaela Abanes
Monica Asis
Necesario Banaag Jr.
Chloe Chan
Krisha Cruz
Cassandra Malaylay
Rodelyn Romero

Food Committee

Bianca Dominique Cruz

Darrel San Pedro
Naichelle Dela Paz

XVII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

SUMMARY
This study focuses on the problems in the community related to health that may
affect the residents in Sitio Gumamela Phase 4. Some of these problems are how the
drainage systems affects them, how they dispose excreta waste, the presence of vectors in
the community.
Presence of vectors that may have disease that can affect the people there in the
community. Vectors such as mosquitos that may cause of dengue, animals such as stray
cats and dog that have rabies. Unclean environment have a major effect to the people in
the community. They lack of knowledge on what to do. The only solution is to provide
them the complete details for every family. This must prevent immediately to prevent
further problems to the community from the major problems to the minor problems to
make their living their happy and secured and safe.
CONCLUSION
Based on the gathered information in this study it has been determined that some
residents in the community have low awareness to their community, insufficient
information about the problems of the community. Not aware of the information such as
free community health programs. These problems must be avoided provide the residents
informations, warnings, dos and donts. In conclusion, this study supports that the
community has a lot of problems that need to be solve immediately and providing a

complete information and knowledge to the residents in SitioGumamela Phase 4 so that

the people living there knows what to do.

XVIII. RECOMMENDATION
These are the recommendations suggested by the students who made this
thesis:
1. The residents of SitioGumamela Phase 4 should be more aware of the
community services from the health center and at the same time they
should utilize it.
2. Providing that the residents should be more are aware and should also
utilize the said services then the leaders in that barangay should to their
part to disseminate the information.
3. When disseminating the information, they should use an appropriate and
effective way.
4. For the next group that will be going to have their duty in the community,
they should be faster in conducting the survey so that they may have more
families to interview.
5. They should be aware of the very limited time. Talking to the interviewee
is not bad, but not too much in the sense that the topic out of the survey
tool.

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XX.

Appendices

Invitation

To the community ,
Good Day!
We would like to invite all of you to come in our small program
What: Oras na Para Gumising
Where: Sitio Gumamela II Phase 4 Court
When: October 9, 2015
Why: To know the problem of the family and community
Permission Letter
______________________
Ang mga mag-aaral na nasa ikalawang taon sa pag-aaral ng
Bachelor of Science in Nursing sa Our Lady of Fatima University
Antipolo Campus ay naatasang mangalap ng mga impormasyon
patungkol sa komunidad na inyong nasasakupan. Ang mga
impormasyong nakuha ay makakatulong upang malaman ang
problema at matukoy ang solusyon para dito.
Nais po ng aming grupo na humingi ng permiso upang magsagawa
ng simpleng programa. Dito ay ibabahagi namin sa lahat ng mga
residente ang bunga ng aming pangangalap. Nakalakip po dito ang
daloy ng isasagawang programa.
Kami po ay umaasa sa inyong mapagbigay na tugon. Maraming
salamat po.

Necesario Banaag
Lider ng grupo

Sir Norbert Lewin

Clinical Instructor