2011 AR 103

History of

Architecture
CLASS 25

Nipun George
SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.

MODULE 2

a. Neolithic Age / Bronze Age

b. Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

Iron Age 1300BC 0AD

ASIA

EUROPE

AMERICA

AFRICA

HOLICITY VARANASI
(1200 BC)

MINOAN CULTURE
(2700 BC 1450BC)

POVERTY POINT
(1650 BC 700BC)

IRON AGE EGYPT

(1500BC 0AD)

EASTERN ZHOU
DYNASTY
(1046BC 256BC)

HATTUSAS
(2000 BC 1200BC)

MACHALILLA
CULTURE
(1500BC 1100BC)

THE GREAT SUN

TEMPLE AT AMARNA
(1353BC 1336 BC)

NEO ASSYRIAN
EMPIRE
(911BC 609 BC)
TEMPLE OF
SOLOMON
(~950BC)
BUDDHA PERIOD
MAURYAN EMPIRE
ASHOKA PILLAR
(approx.300BC)

GREEK CULTURE
(900BC )

OLMEC CULTURE
(1500 BC 400BC)
PRECLASSIC MAYA
CULTURE
(1000BC 250 AD)

Temple of Solomon ~950 BC

 the Levant region came under the Israelite

kingdom in the late 13th century BC.
One of Judaisms great contributions concept
of monotheism basis of both Christianity and
Islam.
The development of Judaisms own architecture
was cut short by the destruction of the
SecondTemple and the forced dispersion of
the Jews by EmperorTitus (Roman) in 70 AD
Without a land of their own, and facing
restrictions throughout Europe that lasted into the
20th century, Jewish architecture was restrained
from developing its own distinct character.

The Jahweh of the Israelites is an invisible,

unrepresentable entity, a purely ethical force that
is not permitted to be called by name.
Israelites were desert tribes living in tents
(permanent buildings played no role)
After Mosess death, the Israelites entered
Palestine and founded Jerusalem (capital).
A threshing (separate grain from husk) floor
was used as a place for carrying out the traditional
sacrifices and as a place to display the ark.
As described in the Bible, the ark was a gold
plated, portable chest containing the two stone
tablets of Moses on which were inscribed
theTen Commandments.

 On top of it sat the images of two winged

cherubim facing each other.
Their outspread wings formed the throne of God,
while the ark itself was his footstool.
For a symbolic statement of permanence,
Solomon, King Davids son, built the FirstTemple for
the ark (dedicated in 953 BC).
famous cedars of Lebanon used for construction.
Certain amount of Egyptian influence present
Temple had an altar in front for animal sacrifices.
the temple was a container for the ark in the
windowless Holy of Holies room(Kodesh
Kodashim).

This room one could speak to God directly.

contained no furniture
Guarding the ark, two tall statues
representing cherubim.
The temple was destroyed in 586 BC by the
Babylonians, and the Jewish population was
taken into the Babylonian Exile (597537 BC).
Todays Wailing Wall is the foundations of the
SecondTemple (515 BC), built by the Israelites
after their exile to Babylon.
2ndTemple was also destroyed by Romans
in 70AD