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8 Hermaphrodite, i.e., both male and female reproductive organs occur in the same individual. 9. The
turbellarians are free-living, aquatic, both marine and fresh water and a few are terrestrial. Trematodes and
cestodes are parasitic.
Examples: Class 1. Turbellaria-Dugesia, Planaria; Class 2. Trematoda-, Pasciola (liver-fluke), Schistosoma
(blood-fluke); Class 3. Cestoda-Taenia solium (pork tape-worm).
Phylum 5. Nematoda
1. Bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, Pseudocoelomate and unsegmented animals.
2. Body is worm-like (i.e., round, slender and tapering at the two ends), cylindrical or flattened.
3. Body is covered with a tough, resistant cuticle; cilia is absent.
4. Alimentary canal straight and complete with mouth and anus; pharynx muscular.
5. Sexes are separate.
6. Most forms are parasitic but some are free-living in soil or water. '
7. Parasitic nematodes are pathogenic, meaning they produce diseases in the hosts. For example,
elephantiasis in which enlargement of limbs, scrotum and mammae of humans takes place due to infection of
Wuchereria bancrofti. This disease spreads through mosquito bites. Likewise, Ascaris and Enterobius live in
human intestine and cause ascariasis and enterobiasis respectively in humans.
Examples : Ascaris (round-worm), Ancylostoma (hook-worm), Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worm), Enterobius
(pinworm of human).
Differences between Platyhelminthes . Nemathelminthes = Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
1. They are flatworms.
1. They are cylindrical in form and are called roundworms.
2. They are acoelomate.
2. They are pseudocoelomate.