Penyajian Data Kesetimbangan

(presenting equilibrium data)

Thermodynamic considerations and phase

equilibria: multicomponent mixtures
For multicomponent mixtures simple graphical representations of
vapour-liquid equilibria data do not exist
Most often such data (including binary systems) is represented in terms of
K values defined as:

Ki = yi/xi
correlated empirically or theoretically in terms of temperature pressure
and composition
The ratio of two K-values, or relative volatility, indicates the relative ease
or difficulty of separating components i and j

Ki
yi / xi
ij =
=
K j yj / xj

Thermodynamic data for mixtures:

Simplified models
V

Raoults law (Ideal solution/ideal gas):

pi = xi Pi s

pi is the partial pressure of component i

Daltons law (Ideal gas):

pi = yi P
K-value for ideal gas/ideal solution system:

K i = Pi s / P
Relative volatility for ideal gas/ideal solution system:

K i / K j = Pi s / Pjs
Antoine equation:

ln Pi s (T ) = Ai

Bi
T + Ci

T, P

Persamaan Antoine
Persamaan Antoine memberikan hubungan tekanan
uap murni (P atau VP) suatu senyawa/komponen
dengan suhu.
Persamaan Antoine dan koefisien dinyatakan dalam
beberapa bentuk:

 Data koefisien Antoine dapat dilihat di Chemical

Engineering Vol 6

Bentuk lain:

De Priester Chart
Ada 2 jenis grafik:
Suhu tinggi
Suhu rendah

Grafik menunjukkan hubungan nilai K untuk

suatu komponen dengan suhu dan tekanan

Lecture 5

Lecture 5

DePriester: Low T

10

DePriester Charts: High T

11

Tugas 1(29/09/2016)
Campuran terdiri n-hexane, n-heptane, noctane dan n-nonane pada suhu 40C dan 500
kPa
Tentukan nilai K dengan:
A. Grafis (de Priester)
B. Persamaan Antoine

Penentuan Bubble point dan Dew

point
Bubble point is the condition that the first
bubble formed during liquid mixture boiled
Dew point is the condition that the first drop
formed during vapor mixture cooled

Thermodynamic calculations using K-values

P

Bubble point
Dew point
Two phase systems

Tb(B)

-Given P, T, V/(V+L), find

x*, y*
Tb(A)

- Given P, T, x*, y* , find

V/(V+L)

x*
Easy for 2 component system, if T-x-y diagram is available
(remember the lever rule?)
What about the multi-component system?

y*

xA

Thermodynamic calculations using K-values

Bubble point
T

- Model system: binary mixture A, B

x A + xB = 1
- Consider the process in the figure: we start with
a mixture of composition 1 and temperature T1
and start increasing the temperature
- As we increase the temperature we are going to
reach a point where the first bubble forms
- The vapour in this bubble obeys:

y A + yB = 1
- On the other hand:

K A (T ) x A + K B (T ) xB = 1
- Thus as we increase the temperature we put new
K-values in the above equation until this condition is met

Thermodynamic calculations using K-values

Bubble point
Procedure:
a) Select T
b) Ki(T)
c)

K x

i i

d) if

K x

i i

>1

T is too high

e) Adjusting T
g) Final composition can be corrected using

K i xi
yi =
K i xi
i

Campuran pada tekanan 300 kPa terdiri dari:

50 kmol Heptane
30 kmol Octane
20 kmol Nonane
Tentukan bubble point!
Gunakan de Priester Chart.

Thermodynamic calculations using K-values

Dew point
1

- Model system: binary mixture A, B

y A + yB = 1
- Consider the process in the figure: we start with
a mixture of composition 1 and temperature T1
and start decreasing the temperature
- As we decrease the temperature we are going to
reach a point where the first drop of liquid forms
- The liquid in the droplet obeys:

x A + xB = 1
- On the other hand:

y A / K A (T ) + y B / K B (T ) = 1
- Thus as we decrease the temperature we put new
K-values the above equation until this condition is met

Thermodynamic calculations using K-values

Dew point
Procedure:
a) Select T
b) Ki(T)

yi
i K
i
y
d) if i > 1
i Ki
c)

T is too low

e) Adjusting T
g) Final composition can be corrected using

yi / K i
xi =
yi / K i
i

Tugas 2 (29/09/2016)
Campuran terdiri
n-hexane (0.15), n-heptane (0.20), n-octane
(0.30) dan n-nonane (0.35)
Tentukan bubble point dan dew point pada
tekanan 1 atm