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(GasAbsorption)
GasAbsorption
Ingasabsorptionasolublevapourisabsorbedfromits
mixturewithaninertgasbymeansofliquidinwhich
thesolutegasismoreorlesssoluble.
Applications:
i) RemovalofCO2andH2Sfromnaturalgasorsynthesis
gasbyabsorptioninsolutionsofaminesoralkaline
salts,
ii) Washingofammoniafromamixtureofammoniaand
airbymeansofliquidwater.
Thesoluteissubsequentlyrecoveredfromtheliquidby
distillation.
PackedTowerConfigurations
PackingandPackedTowerDesign
Apackedtoweriscommonlyusedingas
absorptionwhichconsistsofacylindrical
column/tower.
Theliquiddistributorisusetowetsthesurfaceof
packing.
Thepackingprovidesalargercontactarea
betweentheliquidandgasandencourages
intimatecontactbetweenthephases.
Theliquidenrichedinsoluteflowsdownthe
tower,leavesthebottomoftowerthroughthe
liquidoutlet.
Towerpackingaredividedinto3differenttypes:
i)Thosedumpedintothetower
ii)Structuredororderingpacking
iii)Stackedpacking
Dumpedtowerpackingsarecheaper,madefromclay,porcelainorvarious
plastic.
Highvoidspacesandlargepassagesforfluidcanbeachievedbymaking
thepackingunitsirregularorhollowwithvoidfraction60to90%.
Themodernstructuredpackingmadeofsheetsofperforatedcorrugated
metalwiththeadjacentsheetsarrangedsothatliquidspreadsovertheir
surfaceswhilevapourflowsthroughchannelsformedbythecorrugations.
Thechannelingeffectisnormallyencounteredforstackedpackingthat
causespoorperformanceoflargepackedtowers.
Channelingoccurwhenliquidcollectsintosmallrivuletsandflowsalong
localizedpathsthroughthepacking.
DesignofPlate
AbsorptionTowers
Forabsorptionofacetone(A)fromair
(B)bywater:
Vkgmolinertair/s
Lkgmolinertsolventwater/s
Themolesofinertairandinertwater
remainconstantthroughouttheentire
tower.
Todeterminethenumberofidealstages
requiredtobringaboutagivenseparationor
reductionofconcentrationAfromyN+1toy1,
thecalculationisdonegraphically.
Startingatstage1(y1,x0)thevapoury1leaving
isinequilibriumwiththeleavingx1.
Eachstageisrepresentedbyastepand
continuedonthegraphuntilyN+1isreached.
Ifxandyareverydilute,thedenominators1x
and1ywillbecloseto1,andthelinewillbe
approximatelystraight,withaslope=L/V.
TheoreticalnumberoftraysforabsorptionofSO2
DESIGNOFPACKEDTOWERS
FORABSORPTION
LIMITINGANDOPTIMUML/VRATIOS
LargerLrequirelargediametertower
Inadditionthecostofrecoveringthesolutefromtheliquidby
distillationwillbehigh.
SmallLresultsinhightowerthatisalsocostly.
OptimumLiquidflowratecanbetakenas1.21.5timeslimitingLmin
Usually,Loptimum=1.5XLmin
AnalyticalequationforCountercurrentStageContact
PROBLEMBASEDLEARNING(PBL)
GROUPA
GROUPB
DESIGNOFPACKEDABSORPTION
TOWERSUSINGTRANSFERUNITS
where