Architecture 2009 Sum Me Fall

Architecture
Summer/Fall 2009
t/Automne 2009
Architects bringing life

to health-care design
Des architectes donnent
de la vie au design des
soins de sant
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada

LInstitut royal darchitecture du Canada
www.raic.org
A magazine for public

and institutional
administrators
Un magazine lintention
des donneurs douvrage
publics et institutionnels
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Table of Contents / Table des matires

w w w.raic.org
S u m m e r/Fa l l 20 0 9
t /A u t o m n e 2 0 0 9
Publisher / diteur :
Robert Phillips
Project Manager /
Directrice des travaux :
Alana Place
Executive Director /
Directeur gnral :
Jon Hobbs, FRAIC
Editor / Rdactrice en chef :
Denise MacDonald
Editor / Rdactrice :
Lisa Gordon
Translator / Traductrice :
Fanny Bertrand
Advertising Sales Manager /
Directeur des ventes :
Ralph Herzberg
Account Representatives /
Reprsentants des ventes :
Maria Antonation
Anook Commandeur
Blair Van Camp
Brenda Ezinicki
Cheryll Oland
Chris Zabel
Norma Walchuk
Tracy Goltsman
Layout & Design /
Mise en page et conception
graphique : Emma Law
Advertising Art /
Conception graphique Publicit :
Effie Monson
Published for /
Publi pour le compte de :
The Royal Architectural
Institute of Canada /
LInstitut royal darchitecture
du Canada
330-55 rue Murray Street
Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5M3
(613) 241-3600
(613) 241-5750
www.raic.org
Published by / Publi par :
Naylor (Canada), Inc.

100 Sutherland Avenue
Winnipeg, MB R2W 3C7
(204) 947-0222
(204) 947-2047
www.naylor.com
11
RAIC the leading voice of architecture

in Canada!
17
Architects bringing life to healthcare design

BY CHRISTOPHER GULY
34
Architects bringing light and unique

design to Canadian hospital interiors
BY CHRISTOPHER GULY
41
Standard Form Architectural Contracts

BY ANDREA W.K. LEE, B.ARCH, LL.B
46
Index to Advertisers
on page 17 / la page 26
13
IRAC le principal porte-parole du

milieu de larchitecture au Canada!
26
Des architectes donnent de la vie au

design des soins de sant
PAR CHRISTOPHER GULY
37
Des architectes apportent lumire

et design ingal aux intrieurs des
hpitaux canadiens
PAR CHRISTOPHER GULY
43
Formule normalise de contrats en

architecture
PAR ANDREA W.K. LEE, B.ARCH, LL.B
46
on page 34 / la page 37
Index des annonceurs
On the cover / En page couverture :

Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga
Architect/e : Farrow Partnership Architects Inc. /
Photo: Peter Sellar
CORRECTION:
In the article Pennys green lane to sustainable schools in the Winter/Spring issue of Architecture, there was an error printed in
the name of the firm Moriyama & Teshima. The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada apologizes for this mistake.
CORRECTION :
Dans larticle La route verte de Sheila Penny pour des coles durables du numro hiver/printemps dArchitecture
, une erreur
sest glisse dans le nom de la firme Moriyama & Teshima. LInstitut royal darchitecture du Canada sen excuse.
2009 Naylor (Canada), Inc. All rights reserved.

The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means,
in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the publisher.
2009 Naylor (Canada), Inc. Tous droits rservs.

Le contenu de cette publication ne peut tre reproduit, en tout ou en partie,
de quelque faon que ce soit, sans la permission crite de lditeur.
THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT ROYAL DARCHITECTURE DU CANADA 5
www.raic.org / 2009
CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS
MAIL AGREEMENT #40064978
PUBLISHED JUNE 2009/RAI-B0109/8541
PUBLI JUIN 2009/RAI-B0109/8541
A magazine for public and institutional administrators

Un magazine lintention des donneurs douvrage publics et institutionnels
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2008-2009 RAIC Board Members

President
Paule Boutin, FIRAC
Regional Directors
Stuart Howard, FRAIC (British Columbia/Yukon)
Chancellor of College of Fellows

Alexander J. Rankin, FRAIC
1st Vice-President and

President-Elect
Ranjit (Randy) K. Dhar, FRAIC
R. Wayne Guy, FRAIC (Alberta/NWT)

Charles Olfert, MRAIC
(Saskatchewan/Manitoba)
Council of Canadian University

Schools of Architecture (CCUSA)
Rick Haldenby, FRAIC
2nd Vice-President and

Treasurer
Stuart Howard, FRAIC
David Craddock, MRAIC

(Ontario Southwest)
Executive Director
Jon Hobbs, FRAIC
Immediate Past President

Kiyoshi Matsuzaki, PP/FRAIC
Ralph Wiesbrock, FRAIC

(Ontario North and East/Nunavut)
Claude Hamelin Lalonde, FIRAC (Quebec)
Paul E. Frank, FRAIC (Atlantic)
Conseil dadministration de lIRAC 2008-2009

Prsidente
Paule Boutin, FIRAC
Premier vice-prsident et
prsident lu
Ranjit (Randy) K. Dhar, FRAIC
Deuxime vice-prsident
et trsorier
R. Wayne Guy, FRAIC (Alberta/T.N.-O.)

Charles Olfert, MRAIC
(Saskatchewan/Manitoba)
David Craddock, MRAIC
(Sud et Ouest de lOntario)
Ralph Wiesbrock, FRAIC
(Est et Nord de lOntario/Nunavut)
Claude Hamelin Lalonde, FIRAC (Qubec)

Paul E. Frank, FRAIC (Atlantique)
Chancelier du Collge des fellows
Alexander J. Rankin, FRAIC
Conseil canadien des coles universitaires
darchitecture (CCUA)
Rick Haldenby, FRAIC
Directeur gnral
Jon Hobbs, FRAIC
www.raic.org / 2009
Prsident sortant
Kiyoshi Matsuzaki, PP/FRAIC
Administrateurs rgionaux
(Colombie-Britannique/Yukon)
8
THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL
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RAIC
RAIC the leading voice of

architecture in Canada!
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, established in 1907, is a voluntary national association representing more than 3,800 architects, faculty and
graduates of accredited Canadian Schools of Architecture from every region
of the country. RAIC provides the national framework for the development and
recognition of architectural excellence.
Vision
To build awareness and appreciation of the contribution of architecture
to the physical well-being and cultural development of Canada.
Access to quality professional development programs, practice support

documents, RAIC Committees and Working Groups, and international activities (such as Marmomacc and UIA Working Groups).
A listing in both the national RAIC printed and online Member Directories.
Monthly electronic Bulletin offering the latest information about the profession of architecture across Canada.
Part of the mission of the RAIC is the development of excellence and this
is achieved through both Practice Support and Professional Development.
Practice Support
Mission
To affirm that architecture matters;
To celebrate the richness and diversity of architecture in Canada; and
To support architects in achieving excellence.
The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada is the leading voice of architecture in Canada.
Values
Integrityy the RAIC conducts all its activities with the highest ethical
and professional standards;
Environmental Responsibilityy the RAIC actively promotes sustainable design and operates in the most environmentally sustainable manner
possible;
Inclusiveness the RAIC acts as a rassembleur and all RAIC staff and
programs operate to create and maintain a common ground for architecture students, intern architects, architects in practice, retired architects and
professional organizations in Canada;
Effectiveness RAIC programs are established with clear and measurable objectives that will bring benefit to members, enhance the profession of architecture, and improve the quality of the built environment in
Canada.
The RAIC provides a variety of documents that help Architects in their dayto-day practices, including:
The Canadian Handbook of Practice for Architects (CHOP) and its regular
updates;
Standard contract documents such as Document Six the Canadian
Standard Form of Agreement Between Client and Architect and other contract documents;
The sale and distribution of industry documents prepared by the Canadian
Construction Documents Committee (CCDC), books and materials, and the
National Master Specification.
Professional Development
The RAIC is committed to producing a quality professional development
program and to ensure, to the extent possible, that all courses receive credits from the provincial and territorial associations of Architects and from the
American Institute of Architects.
To date, the RAIC has developed and delivered nine courses in this
series from SDCB 101 Fundamentals of Sustainable Design to SDCB
305 Beyond Green: Adaptive, Restorative and Regenerative Design.
In 2007 it introduced a session on Integrated Project Delivery through
Building Information Modeling (BIM).
A Greener Canada
Members include Licensed (or Registered) Architects, Architectural

graduates, Intern Architects orr Interns, as well as full-time faculty members
of a University School of Architecture. Architects who reside outside Canada
can become International Associates. Architects who have graduated outside
Canada and reside here in Canada may make a special application to be considered for full membership. A full-time student from an architectural program
in a Canadian accredited University School of Architecture or in the Syllabus
program can become a Student Associate. Also, those who are involved in the
Design and Construction Industry and who are associated with the architectural profession can become Affiliates.
RAIC has consistently led the charge toward a more sustainable builtenvironment incubating the establishment of the Canada Green Building
Council; and developing the first course in the Sustainable Design for Canadian
Buildings (SDCB) series almost five years ago for architects; emphasizing the
importance of life-cycle costing and ways to educate building owners about the
importance of long-term operating and maintenance costs in all management
and design decisions.
RAIC is part of the 2030 Challenge a global initiative calling for an
immediate 50 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
and energy consumption in all new buildings and major
renovations. The goal is that by 2030 all new buildings
and major renovations be carbon-neutral generating
as much energy as they consume.
Benefits include
For full members, the MRAIC (Member of the Royal Architectural Institute of
Canada) and FRAIC (Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada)
designations.
www.raic.org
www.raic.org / 2009
Membership
Experts estimate that

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HOW BIM CAN HELP

REDUCE THIS BUILDINGS
CARBON FOOTPRINT
BEFORE ITS BUILT.
Autodesk and Revit are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries. All other brand names, product names, or trademarks belong to their respective holders.
Autodesk reserves the right to alter product offerings and speci cations at any time without notice, and is not responsible for typographical or graphical errors that may appear in this document.
2009 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
IRAC
IRAC le principal porte-parole du

milieu de larchitecture au Canada!
Fond en 1907, lInstitut royal darchitecture du Canada (IRAC) est
une association nationale adhsion volontaire. Il reprsente plus de
3 800 architectes provenant de toutes les rgions du pays, ainsi que des
professeurs et des diplms des coles darchitecture agres du Canada.
LIRAC offre le cadre national au dveloppement et la reconnaissance de
lexcellence en architecture.
Faire mieux connatre et apprcier la contribution de larchitecture

la prosprit matrielle et au dveloppement culturel du Canada.
universitaires darchitecture. Un architecte qui rside lextrieur du

Canada peut sinscrire lIRAC titre dassoci international. Celui qui est
diplm de ltranger et qui rside au Canada peut quant lui prsenter
une demande spciale dtre reconnu titre de membre part entire. Un
tudiant inscrit temps plein dans un programme darchitecture dune cole
universitaire darchitecture agre ou dans le programme Syllabus de lIRAC
peut sinscrire titre dtudiant associ. En outre, les personnes physiques
ou morales qui uvrent dans lindustrie du design et de la construction et
qui ont des liens avec le milieu de larchitecture peuvent sinscrire titre de
membres affilis.
Mission
Parmi les avantages de ladhsion lIRAC :
Affirmer limportance de larchitecture;

Clbrer la richesse et la diversit de larchitecture au Canada;
Aider les architectes atteindre lexcellence.
LInstitut royal darchitecture du Canada est le principal porte-parole
de larchitecture au Canada.
Lautorisation, pour les membres part entire, dutiliser la mention

MIRAC (membre de lInstitut royal darchitecture du Canada) ou
FIRAC (fellow de lInstitut royal darchitecture du Canada).
Laccs des programmes de perfectionnement professionnel de qualit,
la participation des comits ou groupes de travail de lIRAC et des
activits internationales (p. ex. : Marmomacc et groupes de travail de
lUIA).
Linscription au rpertoire national en ligne et au rpertoire imprim des
membres de lIRAC.
Le bulletin lectronique mensuel qui offre linformation la plus rcente
sur la profession, la grandeur du pays.
La mission de lIRAC porte en partie sur le dveloppement de
lexcellence et lorganisme sen acquitte par llaboration doutils daide
la pratique et dactivits de perfectionnement professionnel.
Vision
Valeurs
Intgrit lIRAC mne toutes ses activits selon les normes thiques
et professionnelles les plus leves;
Responsabilit environnementale lIRAC fait activement la
promotion de la conception durable et exerce ses activits dans le plus
grand respect possible de lenvironnement;
Inclusivit lIRAC agit comme un rassembleur. Tous les employs
et les programmes de lIRAC visent en faire un lieu permanent de
convergence pour les tudiants et les stagiaires en architecture, les
architectes en exercice et les retraits ainsi que les organisations
professionnelles au Canada;
Efficacit les programmes de lIRAC sont conus et mis en uvre
avec des objectifs clairs et mesurables. Ils procurent des avantages
aux membres, valorisent la profession et amliorent la qualit de
lenvironnement bti au Canada.
Membres
Les effectifs de lIRAC se composent darchitectes, de diplms en
architecture, de stagiairess et de professeurs temps plein des coles
Aide la pratique
LIRAC offre divers documents conus pour aider les architectes dans
lexercice quotidien de leur profession, notamment :
le Manuel canadien de pratique de larchitecture et ses mises jour
rgulires;
les documents contractuels normaliss, tels que le Document Six la
formule canadienne normalise de contrat entre client et architecte et
dautres types de documents contractuels;
la vente et la distribution de documents de lindustrie prpars par le
Comit canadien des documents de construction (CCDC), de livres et de
divers autres documents, de mme que du Devis directeur national.
www.raic.org / 2009
LIRAC offre le cadre national au dveloppement et

la reconnaissance de lexcellence en architecture.
IRAC
Perfectionnement professionnel
LIRAC est dtermin laborer un programme
de perfectionnement professionnel de qualit et
assurer, dans la mesure du possible, que tous
les cours offerts soient reconnus par les ordres
provinciaux et territoriaux darchitectes, dans
le cadre de leurs programmes de formation
continue obligatoire, et par lAmerican Institute
of Architects.
Jusqu maintenant, lIRAC a labor
et prsent neuf cours de la srie sur le
dveloppement durable des btiments au
Canada, allant du cours DDBC 101 Principes
de dveloppement durable pour la conception
de btiments, jusquau cours DDBC 305 Plus
que verdir : adapter, restaurer et rgnrer.
En 2007, lIRAC a prsent un cours sur
la ralisation de projet intgre grce la
modlisation des donnes du btiment (BIM).
Un Canada plus vert
www.raic.org / 2009
LIRAC a toujours jou un rle de chef de

file pour ce qui est damliorer la durabilit
de lenvironnement bti. Il a particip la
cration du Conseil du btiment durable du
Canada; il a labor le premier cours de la
srie Dveloppement durable des btiments au
Canada (DDBC), lintention des architectes,
il y a dj prs de cinq ans; il a insist sur
limportance du cot sur le cycle de vie et sur
les faons de sensibiliser les propritaires
immobiliers afin quils tiennent compte des
cots dexploitation et dentretien long terme
lorsquils prennent des dcisions relatives la
conception et la gestion de leurs immeubles.
LIRAC participe au Dfi 2030 une initiative
mondiale qui vise ds maintenant la rduction
de 50 pour cent des missions de gaz effet de
serre et de la consommation nergtique de tous
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Health-care Design
Architects bringing life

to health-care design
FRIESEN TOKAR ARCHITECTS + LANDSCAPE + INTERIOR DESIGNERS / PHOTO: MONICA NEUFIELD
By Christopher Guly
The main hall at The University of Manitoba Clinical

Learning Simulation Facility.
Design supports learning at U of M facility
www.raic.org / 2009
Last spring, the University of Manitobas faculty of medicine and the Winnipeg Regional Health
Authority opened a multidisciplinary clinical learning and simulation facility.
The $4.6-million, 1,070-square-metre training centre is a fit-up to the lower level of the Brodie
Centre at Winnipegs Health Sciences Centre, the University of Manitobas main medical school
campus. Realistic simulation training on both life-like robotic mannequins and people posing as
patients, supported by state-of-the-art technology, will help students and practitioners in medicine, medical rehabilitation, pharmacy, nursing and emergency medical service develop skills and
techniques in mock scenarios.
Its a space informed by science and art, thanks to the vision of Friesen Tokar Architects +
Landscape + Interior Designers of Winnipeg.
The facilitys design borrows elements from the theatre. Theres a stage and a backstage,
minus a seating area for an audience, while looking more like a hospital than a playhouse,
www.raic.org / 2009
Health-care Design
according to Jerald Peters, MRAIC, a principal with the architectural firm.

There is a central corridor that features
on one side an operating theatre, emergency
room and several other rooms for medical
procedures. On the other side are 12 multipurpose examination rooms with two-way mirrors that are equipped with blood pressure
cuffs, otoscopes, thermometers, medical gas
columns, heart-rate monitors and intravenous
carts hanging from the wall. Only those people
there for training or retraining, or medical students taking their practical exams, use the
main corridor. The technical staff and actors
use a back corridor that encircles the central
area in an arena-like configuration.
People playing standardized patients have
lounge space in the backstage corridor areas
where they are given instructions and then
enter a clinic room in character, says Peters,
who explains that the idea of having separate
sections was inspired by a similar set-up at the
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.
One of the greatest challenges over the
two years it took to design the facility was
getting the theatrics right. Video and audio
recording had to be installed, along with the
computerized simulation dummies known as
SimMans.
Students practise medical diagnosis and
treatment on fi ve of these anatomically correct, robotic patients that simulate two adults,
a birthing mother, an infant and a child. They
can breathe, they have pulses and reflexes
and some even talk. And, they are outfi tted
with technology that simulates the integration
of touch with visual and audio responses to
mimic the look and feel of actual medical procedures and surgery.
Med students receive hands-on training
and are tested on what they learn. Instructors
and technicians, hidden from view in the
backstage area, can manipulate situations.
Four of the rooms are equipped with robotic
headboards and elevated observation areas
that allow professors to stage various scenarios or traumas, such as power failure in
the middle of a procedure, or a Code Blue, to
imagine a patient requiring resuscitation following cardiac arrest.
Its complicated stuff, so the U of M hired
EMS, an Atlanta-based medical education
software company, to ensure that the software
Credit Valley Hospitals intricate main-level lobby.
and recording components of the simulation

procedures system were properly connected
and functioning.
One of the other challenges was that we
had to design something that could accommodate the needs of each of the different
disciplines using the facility, says Peters.
Fortunately, the Brodie Centre had the right
space for the project. The lower level had concrete in place for a swimming pool planned,
but never completed, for med students.
That area was filled in and created a
crawlspace through which Friesen Tokar was
able to run cables and medical gases below
the training facilitys floor.
18 THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT ROYAL DARCHITECTURE DU CANADA
Completed in 2007 at a construction cost

of $1.9 million, the clinical learning simulation
facility has been so successful at the Health
Sciences complex that the U of M is now looking at replicating Friesen Tokars concept at
satellite hospitals in Winnipeg for emergencyroom training.
I t s al s o an e x ample o f h o w n e w
approaches in architectural design are helping to improve the quality of health care delivery across Canada.
Whereas the U of M simulation centre
design focuses on the practitioner, the architectural vision for two hospitals to the east
focuses on the patients.
Health-care Design
FARROW PARTNERSHIP ARCHITECTS INC. / PHOTO: TOM ARBAN
Nature a feature of
Mississauga hospital
A cancer centre facility and ambulatory care addition at Credit Valley Hospital
in Mississauga, which opened in 2007, is
intended to provide plenty of access to natural light and nature.
Those natural features have measurable
benefi ts in terms of productivity, emotional
well-being and stress reduction, and images
drawn from nature also have a strong therapeutic effect, explains Tye Farrow, FRAIC,
senior partner with Toronto-based Farrow
Partnership Architects Inc.
When beginning any project, his firm
runs common ground sessions as part of
a design-charette process to identify both
the tangibles and the equally important
intangibles.
Says Farrow: Despite a lot of good intentions, many hospitals dont demonstrate much
empathy for the emotional states patients are
in. Designs are overshadowed by attention to
technical specifications, which are one element of the design process. But whats clear
is that a lot of studies indicate people have
an innate desire for a close connection at
the physical, emotional and intellectual levels with the natural world. So the challenge
is to create environments that tie into that
and, perhaps, a sense of hope at a time when

people entering the hospital are in despair.
Depending on your viewpoint, it can seem like
youre standing in the middle of a forest, or
that youre under water and the branches are
reeds touching the sky-lit surface.
The result is arguably North Americas
most intricate wood construction, according
to Farrow.
Made of wood har vested from British
Columbia, fabricated in Alberta, and designed
and built in Ontario, the structure also created challenges for Farrows team. Wood did
not meet the Ontario Building Code (OBC)
performance standards for non-combustible
construction, due primarily to the inability of conventional sprinkler systems to
adequately reach surfaces shielded by the
proposed design of curving beams. So, Farrow
Partnership introduced a Hi-Fog water-mist,
fire-suppression system to comply with the
code requirements and serve as an environmentally friendly alternative to ozone-depleting chemical agents. But in doing so, the firm
became a pioneer of sorts.
The expanded application of the Hi-Fog
system at Credit Valley led to the development of advanced types of nozzle hardware
that will assist others who seek approval to
use sustainable timber or wood products
Those natural features have measurable benefits in terms of productivity,

emotional well-being and stress reduction, and images drawn from nature
also have a strong therapeutic effect.
in an interior environment. By working with
staff at the Ontario Fire Marshals office,
Farrow Partnership illustrated that wood can
be an acceptable design and performance
alternative to steel for structural support, and
achieve compliance ratings but only after
the National Research Council in Ottawa successfully tested a full-scale mock-up of the
sprinkler system using a large piece of wood.
The wooden architectural centrepiece
now serves as Credit Valleys brand image,
appearing on the hospitals recruitment advertising and on its website (www.cvh.on.ca).
And, the project received three architectural
awards in 2007 from the Stockholm-based
www.raic.org / 2009
and bring hospitals to life, which is essential

for realizing an aggressive and economically
vibrant vision of a hospital.
In fact, Credit Valleys stated mission is to
be the finest hospital in Canada in the hearts
and minds of people we serve. Patients and
visitors entering Credit Valleys main-level
lobby and radiation treatment waiting area
are greeted by a four-storey wooden structure
in the form of four large trees that bend and
curve, and whose big branches appear to be
holding up the roof pierced by a variety of skylights. Almost cinematic in its presentation,
its material serves as a reminder of life and,
by its appearance, elicits a sense of wonder
International Academy for Design and Health,

including its first-ever prize for an architect
won by 45-year-old Farrow, who has been
involved in the design of other hospitals,
including the Thunder Bay Regional Health
Sciences Centre, which, as one writer recently
noted, promote wellness through inspiring
designs.
T he L ondon-bas ed C ommis sion for
Architecture and the Built Environment as well
as the Ontario Association of Architects have
also recognized Credit Valley with awards for
excellence in health-care design.
However, the hospital designs crowning
achievement has been the warm embrace it
has received from patients, staff and visitors
to Credit Valleys Carlo Fidani Peel Regional
Cancer Centre and Vijay Jeet and Neena
Kanwar Ambulatory Care Centre.
The common theme from people who
have emailed us comments is that it isnt
a hospital and that theyve never encountered so uplifting an experience on a spiritual dimension, says Farrow, who notes that
its extraordinary for an architect to get
such feedback, let alone so glowing. In fact,
even Michelle DiEmanuele told him that prior
to accepting the position as Credit Valleys
president and CEO, she walked around the
facility anonymously and was impressed by
how it didnt feel or smell like a hospital.
The lobby has also become a popular
meeting place. Three days a week, a volunteer plays piano for an hour in the early afternoon while people eat their lunch, soaking
in the sounds and sights from the light filtered through the branch-like patterns of the
wooden sculpture.
Farrow is gratified by the positive outcomes, but isnt completely surprised by
them. Prior to designing the new Credit Valley
facilities, he visited over 30 cancer centres
throughout North America and Europe and
discovered that patients want to be surrounded by or reminded of nature and life.
Not just through floral patterns on ceilings and
floors, as some hospitals do, but at a deeper
level with emotional, intangible biophilial representations embedded in the very fabric of
the building, says Farrow, who holds a Master
of Architecture in Urban Design degree from
Harvard University.
Health-care Design
The lower atrium at Colchester Regional Hospital in Truro, NS.
www.raic.org / 2009
East Coast to get state of

the art hospital
For instance to the east, Colchester Regional
Hospital in Truro, NS scheduled for completion
in the summer of 2010 will be oriented around
and connected to a central courtyard, which in
turn will be linked to a series of gardens and
mini-courtyards. These natural accents and the
124-bed replacement greenfield hospital will be
situated on a 33-acre (13.35-hectare) sloped
site that overlooks a lush Nova Scotia landscape.
The $155-million hospital, designed by
WHW Architects Inc. of Halifax in association
with Farrow Partnership Architects Inc., also
revised the master plan to maximize value for
the provinces lean health-care budget. Rather
than stack the in-patient unit atop a diagnostic
podium, the architectural team created three
separate, but interconnected, buildings in the
shape of an arc as pearls on a necklace, in
Farrows words.
Theres one building for ambulatory care
and outpatient services. Another building is
dedicated to diagnostic services and treatment, and includes the intensive care units
and operating rooms. Because of its complex
medical requirements, it requires more technology to address such aspects as air circulation and infection control.
The third building, furthest away from the
entrance, houses the in-patient area.
Gardens fill the space between all three
buildings.
Avoiding a single stacked confi guration

eliminates the impact of non-aligned structural columns between floors, according to
a project description for the 346,800-sq.-ft.
(32,218-sq.-m.) hospital. This also simplifies
mechanical and electrical servicing for each
building type, thus reducing code requirements and subsequent costs associated with
each building type.
Furthermore, a non-stacked master plan
allows for a shorter construction schedule
(which began in June 2006), since each block
can be built simultaneously. By contrast in
a typical stacked plan, the construction of
upper floors is dependent upon the sequential
completion of lower floors, thus lengthening
the duration of construction.
Once opened next year, the hospital will
provide surgical, mental health, intensive
care, maternal-child ser vices, diagnostic
services and treatment, and emergency and
ambulatory care services. But it will also give
its inhabitants extra touches to make their
time there more enjoyable.
For instance, a nurse spends about 30
per cent of the time walking during a shift.
Colchesters corridors will be shorter in length to
enable nurses to spend more time with patients.
Paired with the saying that its not the distance

you walk, but the environment you walk through,
corridors will have glass on one side that look
out to greenery, says Farrow.
Its all about bringing hospitals to life
and creating an emotional connection
with a therapeutic environment, and is an
approach Farrow Partnership is following in a
$162.8-million expansion and redevelopment
project at Credit Valley Hospital, which should
be completed by the spring of 2011. The result
will be 270,000 sq. ft. (25,083 sq. m.) of new
construction and 70,000 sq. ft. (6,503 sq. m.)
of renovated space, which will provide more
hospital beds, labour and delivery rooms, and
expanded areas for cancer treatment, neonatal care and laboratory services.
(This second phase initiative and the construction of Colchester Regional Hospital were
both included in ReNew Canada magazines
top 100 infrastructure projects of 2009.)
At Credit Valley, there will continue to be
connections to nature and natural elements
that reflect current health-care design. Its an
approach that also hearkens back to cultural
symbols and historical traditions rooted in
our DNA, explains Farrow.
Consider the tree-like wooden sculpture
Colchester Regional Hospital in Truro, NS will be oriented around and

connected to a central courtyard, which in turn will be linked to a series of
gardens and mini-courtyards.
Health-care Design
RENDERING COURTESY OF WHW ARCHITECTS IN ASSOCIATION WITH FARROW PARTNERSHIP ARCHITECTS
at Credit Valley. Made from the same material

as the cross in Christianity, it can be seen as
reaching up to heaven. Or, it represents the
tree under which Hippocrates, considered the
father of medicine, sat while teaching his students almost 2,500 years ago.
We need to create spaces that are more
than just healing and comforting environments, but that also excite and energize,
says Farrow.
As Prince Charles, a champion of excellence in architecture and better hospital
design has said, health care requires a nurturing of the soul and the spirit, just as much
as the body.
In Farrows 2001 book, Humanism and
the Ar t of Healing Beyond Form Follows
Function in Health Care Architecture, he
traces the evolution of hospitals back to the
ancient Greeks who tied together the mind,
body and spirit in the approach to healing.
Christianity, particularly through the Catholic
Church, influenced the look of hospitals with
the appearance of cruciform facilities during the Renaissance. Each quadrant would
have a cour tyard that patients could see
from windows. Several centuries later, pioneering nurse Florence Nightingale took that
idea further by promoting the importance
of natural light and proper ventilation for

patients recovering in British infirmaries.
But when medicine met mechanics, through large ventilation systems that
resulted in multi-storey hospitals, more
attention was paid to treating ailments than
about the well-being of the person suffering
from them. And gradually, the focus began
to shift to hospitals themselves that accompanied the post-modernist trend. They
became hotel-like structures and showcased
great galleria spaces as witnessed in such
examples as the design by Eb Zeidler, FRAIC
for the atrium at Torontos Hospital for Sick
Children.
Now the idea is to design hospitals that
focus on people and that reflect their communities and history surrounded by parks,
not parking lots, says Farrow, who adheres
to a three-legged stool principle when
designing health-care facilities. The seat represents the projects objectives. Each of the
three legs covers the main issues that need
to be addressed: function (the relationship of
departments to one another, workflow effectiveness); quality (the durability and sustainability involved in its construction); and impact
on the people who are working, healing and
visiting there.
De-institutionalization in
Montreal Rehabilitation Centre
Impact is the intent behind a renovation
project at Montreals Constance-Lethbridge
Rehabilitation Centre that began in 2001 and
is led by Les architectes Corriveau et Girard,
also based in the city.
The goal is to establish a de-institutionalized environment in the outpatient centre, says Sylvie Girard, MIRAC, a partner
with Corriveau et Girard, who led the design
team. Since many of the clients have varying
physical mobility and spatial comprehension
capacities, the focus is to facilitate orientation, perception and fluidity of movement
within the centre from the moment of arrival
to the end of the visit, she explains.
Wayfinding is achieved, in part, through
signage. But ultimately, its the design that
helps people find their way.
Colours are used to identify different areas
within the 43-year-old, 9,100 sq. m. building.
Activity spaces within the same treatment
Corriveau et Girard relied on a

colour palette drawn from nature
(stones, leaves, wood) to establish
a link between the centres interior
and exterior spaces.
LES ARCHITECTES CORRIVEAU ET GIRARD / PHOTO: YVES LEFEBVRE
Colours identify different areas within Montreals Constance-Lethbridge Rehabilitation Centre.
www.raic.org / 2009
Health-care Design
program are also grouped together to limit

unnecessary patient travel and promote team
building among caregivers. The reception
area, information desks and other focal points
within the centre were situated to serve as
orientation indexes and points of rest for
users of the facility.
Many of the patients have severe physical
disabilities, and have prosthetics, or use walkers and wheelchairs. Some are in such an
extreme condition that they lie horizontally,
explains Jason Goorts, a 2006 recipient of
the RAIC Student Medal and a member of the
design team with Corriveau et Girard. We
had to go beyond the normal requirements for
accessibility.
The rehab centre has also been brightened
up from its previous dark institutional beige
tones. It was quite monotonous and difficult
to orient oneself throughout the centre, says
Goorts.
Corriveau et Girard relied on a colour
palette drawn from nature (stones, leaves,
wood) to establish a link between the centres
Heavy-duty square steel pickets (1 or 3/4) provide

both perimeter protection and visability for surveillance.
Ameristars Aegis systems employ the ForeRunner
rail to add security and beauty by hiding the picket
fastening system internally.
tests or adapt vehicles for special-needs drivers; a daily-life rehabilitation area with a mockup kitchen, bedroom and bathroom; treatment
rooms; common areas; employee lounges; corridors; reception areas; and research facilities.
The physiotherapy and hydrotherapy sections
will soon be completed.
B u t a l r e a d y, t h e d e s i g n p l a n f o r
Constance-Lethbridge has been a success,
mainly due to a close collaborative effort
between the Agence de la sant et des services sociaux de Montral, the centres directors and employees, and Corriveau et Girard,
says Girard.
Its a real pleasure to work with a client
that really cares for the well-being of their
clientele to see the benefi ts of best practices in design in the built environment, she
explains.
The feedback from the clientele, employees and caregivers who have seen us at the
centre find it welcoming and bright and less
institutional than other similar facilities
which was one of our goals.
Wide steel pales (2-3/4) provide moderate screening

and strong resistance to vandals. Unlike easily cut chain
link fences, Impasse ornamental steel security fences
will delay intruders for several minutes, giving valuable
time to initiate and implement ample countermeasures.
www.raic.org / 2009
Strength, the number one factor in fence life, is ensured

by high-tensile steel pickets (1 or 3/4) and rails that
are fusion welded at every intersection. Montage II
and Montage Plus ATF (All Terrain Fence) are the
only welded steel fences with the capability to follow
severe grade changes.
interior and exterior spaces. In addition, a

water wall was placed inside the building to
provide a reflective corner for outpatients.
And Quebec artist Sylvie Readman was commissioned to produce two large panoramic
photographs for the new entrance hall. The
photos feature images of nature, with its shifting light and shadows, to illustrate various
states of mobility.
Theres also a lot of natural light through
interior fenestration that fills the entrance
hall, offices, treatment rooms and activity
areas.
Access to the centre was also improved.
The new entrance hall and waiting area are
situated in space once occupied by a parking
garage. It now features plenty of windows,
which allows patients to see from inside when
their rides arrive rather than having to wait
outside for transportation from the facility.
So far, 75 per cent of the renovation work
on the three-storey building has been completed, including sections for occupational
therapy and those used to conduct driving
22 418714_Ameristar.indd
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Design des soins de sant
Des architectes donnent de la vie

au design des soins de sant
Par Christopher Guly
Au printemps dernier, la facult de

mdecine de lUniversit du Manitoba et
lAutorit rgionale de la sant de Winnipeg ont
inaugur un complexe dapprentissage et de
simulation clinique multidisciplinaire.
Le centre de 4.6 millions de dollars et de
11 500 pi.ca. (1 070 m2) est un raccordement
au rez-de-chausse du Centre Brodie du
Centre des sciences de la sant de Winnipeg,
le campus mdical le plus impor tant de
lUniversit du Manitoba. Des simulations
dapprentissage ralistes aux scnarios
plausibles, sur des mannequins robotiss
imitant le corps humain ou sur des gens
posant pour des patients, le tout support par
une technologie davant-garde, contribueront
grandement au dveloppement des habilets et
des techniques des tudiants tout comme des
praticiens en mdecine, en radaptation, en
pharmacologie, soins infirmiers et urgentologie.
Cest un espace infus par les sciences
et lart, grce la vision de Friesen Tokar
Architects + Landscape + Interior Designers de
Winnipeg.
Le design de linstallation emprunte
plusieurs lments au thtre. Il y a une
scne et une arrire-scne , sans
toutefois possder les siges pour y asseoir
le public et tout en ressemblant plus un
vritable hpital qu un lieu ddi de lart
lyrique, selon Jerald Peters, MRAIC, associ
principal de la firme darchitecture.
On retrouve un corridor central principal
qui spare dun ct : un bloc opratoire, une
salle durgence et plusieurs autres salles de
procdures mdicales; et de lautre : 12 salles
polyvalentes dexamen, ayant des miroirs
sans teint et quipes de lecteurs de pression
artrielle, dotoscopes, thermomtres, colonnes
de gaz mdicaux, moniteurs de pouls et

chariots intraveineux suspendus au mur. Seuls
les tudiants en mdecine en examen pratique
ou les professionnels en formation utilisent le
corridor principal. Le personnel technique et les
acteurs utilisent un corridor spar qui encercle
laire centrale, la manire dun arna.
Les personnes jouant les patients ont
accs des salles dattente dans lespace
dar r ir e -s cne o ils r eoivent leur s
instructions et do ils accdent ensuite
aux salles cliniques dans la peau de leur
personnage , explique M. Peters, qui ajoute
que lide est venue dune installation similaire
la clinique Mayo de Rochester, Minnesota.
Lun des plus grands dfis durant les deux
ans de sa conception fut de reproduire comme
apprennent. Les instructeurs et techniciens,

cachs depuis larrire-scne , peuvent
manipuler les situations. Quatre des salles
sont quipes avec des ttes de lit robotises
et des aires dobservation surleves qui
permettent aux professeurs de planifier
diffrents scnarios et traumas, comme par
exemple une panne dlectricit au milieu dune
procdure, ou un code bleu, pour imaginer un
patient ayant besoin de ranimation aprs un
arrt cardiaque.
Complexes installations, certes, et cest
pourquoi lUniversit du Manitoba a engag
EMS, une c ompag nie de pr og r amme s
in f o r ma t i qu e s d du c a t i on m d i c al e,
pour sassurer que les programmes et les
quipements denregistrement du systme de
Ces caractristiques naturelles ont des effets mesurables en termes de

productivit, bien-tre motionnel et rduction du stress, et les images tires
de la nature ont aussi un effet thrapeutique puissant.
il le fallait les dcors . Des quipements
denregistrement audio et vido devaient tre
installs, en mme temps que les mannequins
informatiss de simulation, connu sous le nom
de SimMans.
Les tudiants pratiquent les diagnostiques
mdicaux et leurs traitements sur cinq de ces
patients robotiss et anatomiquement corrects
qui reprsentent deux adultes, une mre
donnant naissance, un nourrisson et un enfant.
Ils peuvent respirer, ils ont un pouls et des
rflexes et quelques-uns savent mme parler.
Ils sont par ailleurs quips dune technologie
permettant de simuler lintgration du toucher
avec des rponses visuelles et auditives afin
de mimer lapparence et la sensation de
procdures mdicales et de chirurgies relles.
Les tudiants en mdecine reoivent une
formation pratique et sont tests sur ce quils
simulation soient bien connects et puissent

fonctionner correctement.
Un autre des dfis majeurs fut que nous
avons d concevoir un endroit qui pourrait
accommoder les besoins de chacune des
diffrentes disciplines qui utiliseraient les
lieux , raconte M. Peters.
For t heureusement, le Centre Brodie
disposait du lieu adquat pour le projet. En
effet, ltage du rez-de-chausse possdait
dj un espace de bton, construit pour
accueillir une piscine pour les tudiants de
mdecine, mais jamais termine.
Lendroit fut nivel, tout en laissant un
vide sanitaire permettant dy faire passer les
Un corridor au complexe dapprentissage

et de simulation clinique multidisciplinaire
lUniversit du Manitoba.
FRIESEN TOKAR ARCHITECTS + LANDSCAPE + INTERIOR DESIGNERS / PHOTO : MONICA NEUFIELD
www.raic.org / 2009
Le design comme outil

dapprentissage lUniversit
du Manitoba
www.raic.org / 2009
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www.raic.org / 2009
La nature en vedette
lhpital de Mississauga
Un c e n t r e c on t r e le c anc er e t un
agrandissement pour les soins ambulatoires
lHpital de Credit Valley Mississauga,
ouvert en 2007, a t pens afin doffrir un
accs gnreux la lumire naturelle et la
nature.
Ces caractristiques naturelles ont des
effets mesurables en termes de productivit,
bien-tre motionnel et rduction du stress,
et les images tires de la nature ont aussi un
effet thrapeutique puissant , explique Tye
Farrow, FRAIC partenaire senior de Farrow
Partnership Architects Inc., firme base
Toronto.
Lor squelle commence un projet, sa
firme organise des sessions de terrains
dententes comme part dun procd de
charrette de conception afin didentifier le
tangible , et laussi important intangible .
M. Farrow rapporte : Malgr beaucoup
de bonnes intentions, plusieurs hpitaux ne
dmontrent que peu dempathie pour les
tats motionnels des patients. Le design
est quelque peu laiss pour compte au profit
de lattention aux spcifications techniques,
qui sont seulement lun des aspects du
processus de conception. Mais ce qui est
clair est que plusieurs tudes indiquent que
les gens ont un dsir inn dune connexion
rapproch avec le monde naturel aux niveaux
physiques, motionnels et intellectuels. Le
dfi est donc de crer des environnements qui

lient ces besoins et qui donnent de la vie aux
hpitaux, ce qui est essentiel pour crer une
vision agressive et conomiquement viable
dun hpital .
De fait, la mission dclare de Credit Valley
est dtre le meilleur hpital du Canada dans
les curs et les esprits des personnes que
nous servons . Les patients et les visiteurs
qui entrent dans le hall principal du rez-dechausse et dans la salle dattente pour les
traitements de radiation, sont salus par
une structure en bois de quatre tages qui
se penche et se courbe, et dont les branches
semblent soutenir le plafond, lui-mme perc
dun assortiment de puits de lumire. Presque
cinmatique dans sa prsentation, le matriel
de la structure sert dun rappel de la vie et,
par son apparence, veille un sentiment
dmerveillement et, peut-tre mme, une
sensation despoir, un moment o certains
peuvent entrer dans lhpital avec un sentiment
de dtresse. Selon le point de vue, il semble
que lon soit au milieu dune fort ou encore
sous leau, les branches se transformant en
roseaux touchant la surface illumine.
Le rsultat est sans doute la construction
de bois la plus complexe dAmrique du Nord,
selon M. Farrow.
Faite de bois cultiv en Colombie Britannique, fabrique en Alberta, conue
et installe en Ontario, la structure a par
ailleurs t la source de dfis varis pour
lquipe de M. Farrow. Le bois ne rencontrait
pas les exigences du Code de construction
de lOntario (CCO) pour les constructions
non- combus t ible s, d en premier lieu
lincapacit des systmes de gicleurs
conventionnels datteindre adquatement les
surfaces recouvertes par le design propos
fait de poutres courbes. M. Farrow a donc
introduit un systme Hi-Fog vapeur deau,
un systme de suppression du feu, afin
de rencontrer les exigences du Code et de
requrir une alternative plus cologique que
les agents chimiques appauvrissant la couche
dozone, en quelque sorte transformant la
firme en pionnire par la mme occasion.
Lapplication tendue du systme Hi-Fog
Credit Valley a permis le dveloppement de
Le hall principal du rez-de-chausse
lHpital de Credit Valley.
types de quincaillerie spcialise qui pourront

aider dautres professionnels qui chercheraient
utiliser le bois duvre ou dautres produits
de bois durable lintrieur. En travaillant
troitement avec le personnel du Bureau du
commissaire des incendies, Farrow Partnership
a illustr que le bois peut tre un design
acceptable et une alternative lacier, tout en
tant conforme aux exigences mais seulement
aprs que le Conseil national de recherches
Ottawa ait test avec succs une imitation
pleine grandeur du systme de gicleurs, en
utilisant un imposant morceau de bois.
La pice matresse architecturale en
bois sert maintenant dimage de marque de
Credit Valley, apparaissant sur leur publicit
de recrutement et son site Internet (www.
cvh.on.ca). Le projet a de surcrot reu trois
prix darchitecture en 2007 de lAcadmie
Internationale pour le design et la sant,
FARROW PARTNERSHIP ARCHITECTS INC. / PHOTO : TOM ARBAN
fils et les gaz mdicaux ncessaires, sous le

plancher de linstallation.
C ompl t e n 20 07, un c o t de
construction de 1.9 million de dollars, le
complexe de simulations pour formations
cliniques du Centre des sciences de la sant
a t un franc succs. Tellement en fait, que
lUniversit du Manitoba pense reproduire
le concept de Friesen Tokar dans dautres
hpitaux satellites de Winnipeg, pour la
formation en salles durgence.
Cest aussi un exemple de comment
les nouvelles approches dans le design
architectural aident amliorer la qualit des
services de sant travers le Canada.
Alors que le design du centre de simulation
de lUniversit du Manitoba se concentre sur
les praticiens, deux Hpitaux plus lEst se
tournent plutt vers les patients.
organisme tabli Stockholm, incluant le

premier prix jamais remis un architecte et
remport par M. Farrow, g de 45 ans. Celui-ci
est, par ailleurs, impliqu dans le design
dautres hpitaux, incluant le Centre rgional
des sciences de la sant de Thunder Bay, qui,
comme la rcemment not un auteur, promeut
le bien-tre par des concepts inspirants.
L a londonienne Commission pour
larchitecture et lenvironnement bti, tout
autant que lAssociation des architectes de
lOntario, ont elles aussi reconnu la qualit du
design de Credit Valley en lui accordant des
prix dexcellence.
Tou t e f oi s, la r c omp en s e majeur e
de lhpital a t laccueil chaleureux des
patients, du personnel et des visiteurs du
Centre rgional contre le cancer Carlo Fidani
Peel et du Centre de soins ambulatoires Vijay
Jeet et Neena Kanwar de Credit Valley.
Le thme commun des commentaires

reus par les gens qui nous ont envoy des
courriels, cest que ce nest pas un hpital et
quils navaient jamais connu une exprience
aussi difiante spirituellement parlant, dit
M. Farrow, qui note que cest extraordinaire
pour un architecte de recevoir une telle
raction, sans parler du fait quelle soit aussi
dithyrambique. En effet, Michelle DiEmanuele
lui a mme confi quavant daccepter le
poste de prsidente et directrice gnrale de
Credit Valley, elle a parcouru anonymement
les installations et fut impressionne par le
fait que lon ne ressentait ni ne respirait
lhpital traditionnel.
Le hall est aussi devenu un lieu de
r as s emblemen t populair e. Tr ois jour s
par semaine, un bnvole y joue du piano
pendant une heure au dbut de laprs-midi,
pendant que les gens mangent, bercs par
les sons et le dcor, clairs par la lumire

filtrant travers les branches de la
structure de bois.
M. Farrow est content des rsultat s
positifs, mais nen est pas entirement
surpris. Avant de concevoir Credit Valley,
il a visit plus dune trentaine de centres
contre le cancer travers lAmrique et
lEurope et a dcouver t que les patients
veulent tre entours ou tre dans des lieux
qui leur rappellent la nature et la vie. Pas
simplement travers dappliques fleuries sur
les murs et les plafonds, comme font certains
hpitaux, mais un niveau plus profond,
avec des reprsentations biophiliales, tant
motionnelles quintangibles, et implantes
dans la trame mme du btiment, explique
M. Farrow, qui possde une Matrise en
architecture de lUniversit Har vard, en
design urbain.
www.raic.org / 2009
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Un design contemporain en
soins de sant sur la cte Est
www.raic.org / 2009
Par exemple, lEst, lHpital rgional

de Colchester Truro en Nouvelle-cosse
planifi pour tre termin lt 2010 sera
connect , et orient vers, une cour centrale,
qui sera en retour lie une srie de jardins
et de plus petites cours intrieures. Lhpital
de 124 lits et ses accentuations naturelles
seront situs sur un terrain inclin de 33
acres, (13.35 hectares) qui contemple un
luxurieux paysage de Nouvelle-cosse.
Lhpital de 155 millions de dollars,
conu par WHW Architects Inc. et dont le
bureau est bas Halifax, en association
avec Farrow Partnership, a aussi rvis son
plan directeur afin de maximiser le modeste

budget provincial allou aux soins de sant.
Au lieu dempiler lunit dhospitalisation
au-dessus des salles de diagnostique,
lquipe architecturale a cr trois btiments
spars, mais interconnects, disposs en
arc, comme un collier de perle , selon les
mots de M. Farrow.
Il y a un bt imen t pour le s s oins
ambulatoires et les ser vices ex ternes.
Un autre difice est ddi aux services de
diagnostique et de traitement et inclut lunit
de soins intensifs et des salles dopration.
D ses exigences mdicales complexes, ce
btiment ncessite plus de technologie afin
dadresser des aspects tels que la circulation
de lair et le contrle des infections.

Le troisime btiment, plus loign de
lentre, abrite lunit dhospitalisation.
Des jardins remplissent lespace entre
chacun des btiments.
En vitant la configuration dun seul
btiment plusieurs tages, on limine
limpact des colonnes structurales nonalignes entre les dif frents planchers,
selon la description du projet de lhpital de
346 800 pi.ca. (32 218 m2). Cela simplifie
aussi lquipement mcanique et lectrique
de chaque btiment-type, rduisant ainsi les
exigences du Code et les cots subsquents
associs avec chaque btiment. De plus,
un plan directeur non-superpos permet un
calendrier de construction plus court (qui,

pour ce projet, a commenc en juin 2006),
tant donn que chaque bloc peut tre
construit simultanment. Par contraste, dans
un plan superpos typique, la construction
des tages suprieurs est obligatoirement
assujettie la finition squentielle des tages
situs plus bas, allongeant par consquent la
dure de la construction.
Une fois ouvert lan prochain, lhpital
fournira les services de chirurgie, de sant
mentale, de soins intensifs, de maternit, les
services de diagnostique et de traitement,
ainsi que les services de soins durgence
et ambulatoires. Mais il appor tera aussi
ses occupant s de petites at tentions
deux t inclus dans le top 100 des projets

dinfrastructure de 2009, du magazine
ReNew Canada .)
Credit Valley, on continuera de retrouver
les connexions la nature et aux lments
naturels qui refltent le design contemporain
des soins de sant. Cest une approche
qui prte par ailleurs loreille aux symboles
culturels et au x tr aditions histor iques
enracins dans notre ADN , ajoute M.
Farrow.
Considrons la structure de bois
sapparentant un arbre de Credit Valley.
Fait du mme matriel que la croix du
Christianisme, on peut y voir quelle se
tend vers les Cieux. Ou encore, elle peut
supplmentaires afin de rendre leur sjour

plus agrable.
titre dexemple, une infirmire passe
environs 30% de son temps en marchant lors de
son quart de travail. Les corridors de Colchester
seront donc plus courts afin de permettre au
personnel infirmier de passer plus de temps
avec les patients. Jumel avec lexpression
qui dit que ce nest pas la distance parcourue,
mais lenvironnement travers, les corridors
auront un ct vitr qui fera face la verdure ,
explique M. Farrow.
Lessentiel tourne autour de donner
de la vie aux hpitaux et de crer une
connexion motionnelle avec un environnement
thrapeutique , et cest une approche que
Farrow Partnership continue de suivre dans le
projet dagrandissement et de redveloppement
de 162.8 millions de dollars de lHpital
Credit Valley, projet qui devrait tre termin au
printemps 2011. Le rsultat inclura 270 000 pi.
ca. (25 083 m2) de nouvelle construction et
70 000 pi.ca. (6 503 m2) despace rnov,
ce qui permettra une quantit accrue de lits,
de salles daccouchement et une superficie
agrandie pour le traitement contre le cancer, les
soins nonataux et les services de laboratoire.
(Cette seconde phase et la construction
de lHpital rgional de Colchester ont tous
LHpital rgional de Colchester
Truro en Nouvelle-cosse.
reprsenter larbre sous lequel Hippocrate,

considr comme le pre de la mdecine,
sassoyait pour enseigner ses tudiants, il y
a prs de 2 500 ans.
Nous devons cr er de s e spac e s
qui sont plus que des environnement s
thrapeutiques et rassurants, mais stimulants
et nergisants , complte M. Farrow.
Comme la dit le Prince Charles, champion
de lexcellence en architecture et por tetendard dun meilleur design hospitalier, les
soins de sant ont besoin de veiller tout
autant lme et lesprit quau corps .
Dans le livre de M. Farrow, Humanism
and the art of Healing Beyond Form Follows
Function in Health Care Architecture , parut
en 2001, il retrace lvolution des hpitaux
jus quau x Gr ec s anciens qui r eliaient
ensemble lesprit, le corps et la pense dans
lapproche la gurison. Le Christianisme,
en particulier travers lglise Catholique,
a influenc lapparence des hpitaux avec
lapparition des plans cruciformes durant
la Renaissance. Chaque section avait une
cour intrieure que les patients pouvaient
apercevoir travers des fentres. Plusieurs
sicles plus tard, linfirmire innovatrice
Florence Nightingale amliora lide en
promouvant limpor tance de la lumire
naturelle et dune ventilation adquate pour
les patients convalescents des hpitaux
anglais.
Centre de rhabilitation
Montral dsinstitutionnalis
Et cest bien limpactt qui est lintention
derrire le projet de rnovation du Centre
de rhabilitation Constance-Lethbridge,
commenc en 2001 Montral, par les
architectes Corriveau et Girard, eux-aussi
bass Montral.
Le but est dtablir un environnement
dsinstitutionnalis dans le centre
de soins externes, explique Sylvie Girard,
MIRAC, associe chez Corriveau et Girard
et qui a dirig lquipe de design. tant
donn que plusieurs des clients du centre
ont diverses capacits de mobilit physique
et de comprhension spatiale, laccent est
mis afin de faciliter lorientation, la perception
et la fluidit du mouvement lintrieur de
ltablissement, du moment de larrive
jusqu la fin de la visite , dit-elle.
www.raic.org / 2009
FOURNI PAR WHW ARCHITECTS EN ASSOCIATION AVEC FARROW PARTNERSHIP ARCHITECTS
LHpital rgional de Colchester Truro en Nouvelle-cosse sera connect

, et orient vers, une cour centrale, qui sera en retour lie une srie de
jardins et de plus petites cours intrieures.
Mais lorsque la mdecine et la technologie

se sont rencontres, travers des vastes
systmes de ventilation qui permirent la
construction dhpitaux de plusieurs tages,
plus dattention tait porte au traitement des
maux quau bien-tre des personnes souffrant
de ceux-ci. Puis, graduellement, lattention
ses t dplace ver s les hpit au x eu xmmes, suivant la tendance postmoderne.
Ils s ont devenus de s mg as t r uc t ur e s
ressemblant des htels, avec de larges
couloirs sapparentant ceux des galeries
commerciales. Le design du Hospital for
Sick Children de Toronto, par Eb Zeidler,
FRAIC, est lun des exemples de cette faon
de faire.
De nos jours, lide est de concevoir
des hpitaux qui se concentrent sur les
gens et qui refltent leur communaut et
leur histoire entours de parcs et non
de stationnements , ajoute M. Farrow, qui
adhre au principe du banc trois pattes
lorsquil sagit de concevoir des installations
hospitalires. Lassise reprsente les objectifs
du projet. Chacune des trois pattes constitue
lune des principales problmatiques qui
doivent tre travailles : la fonction (les liens
entre les diffrents dpartements, lefficacit
du flux de travail); la qualit (la permanence
et la durabilit de la construction); et limpact
sur les gens qui y travaillent, sy rtablissent
ou le visitent.
LES ARCHITECTES CORRIVEAU ET GIRARD / PHOTO : YVES LEFEBVRE
www.raic.org / 2009
Des couleurs sont utilises pour identifier diffrentes sections du Centre de rhabilitation Constance-Lethbridge.
lorientation sont favorises en partie par

la signalisation. Mais en dfinitive, cest le
design qui aide les gens sorienter.
Des couleurs sont utilises pour identifier
diffrentes sections du btiment de 97 950 pi.
ca. (9 100 m2), construit il y a 43 ans. Les
espaces dactivit dun mme programme de
traitement sont eux aussi regroups afin de
limiter le dplacement superflu des patients et
de promouvoir lesprit dquipe du personnel
soignant. Laire de rception, le bureau
dinformation et quelques autres points focaux
lintrieur du centre ont t situs pour agir
comme index dorientation et station de
repos pour les usagers de ltablissement.
Plusieur s pat ient s ont de gr ave s
incapacits physiques et utilisent des
prothses, des marchettes ou des chaises

roulantes. Certains mme sont dans de telles
conditions quils doivent rester allongs ,
explique Jason Goorts, rcipiendaire de la
Mdaille tudiante de lIR AC en 2006
et membre de lquipe de conception
chez Corriveau et Girard. Nous avons d
aller au- del de s ex igence s nor male s
daccessibilit .
Le centre de rhabilitation a aussi t
ragaillardi en lui enlevant ses anciens tons de
beige institutionnel fonc . Ctait plutt
monotone et difficile de sorienter travers le
centre , ajoute M. Goorts.
Corriveau et Girard se sont donc bass
sur une palette de couleur inspire de la
nature (pierres, feuilles, bois) pour tablir un
lien entre lintrieur du centre et les espaces
extrieurs. De plus, un mur deau a t plac

lintrieur du btiment afin de donner aux
patients externes un lieu de rflexion .
Enfin, lartiste qubcoise Sylvie Readman a
t engage pour produire deux gigantesques
photographies panoramiques pour le nouveau
hall dentre. Les photos comportent des
images de la nature avec ses lumires et ses
ombres changeantes, illustrant divers tats
de mobilit.
Il y a aussi beaucoup de lumire naturelle,
entrant par la fenestration intrieure, qui
emplit le hall dentre, les bureaux, les salles
de traitement, et les aires dactivit.
Lac c s au c en t r e a lui au s s i t
amlior. Le nouveau hall dentre et la salle
dattente sont situs la place dun ancien
stationnement. On y retrouve prsent des
fentres profusion, ce qui permet aux
patients de voir depuis lintrieur quand
leur transport arrive sans avoir attendre
lextrieur.
Jusqu maintenant, 75% des travaux de
rnovation sur ldifice de 3 tages ont t
complts, incluant les aires dergothrapie
et celles utilises pour tester ou adapter les
vhicules aux conducteurs requrant des
dispositifs spciaux; une aire de rhabilitation
la vie de tous les jours, comportant cuisine,
chambre et salle de bain factice; des salles
de traitement; des aires communes; des
salons pour employs; des corridors; des
aires de rception; et des installations pour
la recherche. Les units de physiothrapie et
dhydrothrapie seront bientt compltes.
Mais dj, le concept de design pour le
Centre Constance-Lethbridge est un succs,
surtout grce un profond effort collaboratif
entre lAgence de la sant et des services
sociaux de Montral, la direction et les
employs du centre et Corriveau et Girard,
nous dit Mme Girard.
Cest un grand plaisir que de travailler
avec un client qui prend vraiment cur le
bien-tre de sa propre clientle et qui sait
remarquer les avantages des pratiques
dexcellence dans le design de lenvironnement
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Le public, les employs et le personnel
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One of the erection advantages of an open

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Unique Hospital Interiors
Architects bringing light and

unique design to Canadian
hospital interiors
By Christopher Guly
www.raic.org / 2009
The Ottawa Hospital Critical Care Wing.
Spending time in a hospitals intensive care

unit (ICU) or post-surgery recovery unit can
be a depressing experience for patients. But
time spent there doesnt have to be dark, as
revealed by The Ottawa Hospitals General
campus.
L as t year, t he ho spi t al unveiled a
new $65.5-million critical care wing and
at r ium designed by Er skine Dredge &
A s s ociate s Ar chitec t s Inc. It featur e s
190,000 sq. ft. (17,651 sq. m.) of additional
space and 30,000 sq. ft. (2,787 sq. m.) of
renovated space. It includes 17 operating
theatres (up from 11 previously), a 34-bed

recovery unit, a 32-bed ICU and a 24-bed
surgical day-care unit. But unlike the previous
critical-care facility where patients were surrounded only by walls, this new addition situated at the back of the General has windows.
The old thinking was that patient s
wouldnt benefi t from looking out a window,
but evidence-based design has proven that
access to natural light improves recovery,
explains Michele Dredge, MRAIC, a partner
with Erskine Dredge. It also makes the staff
happy.
And, it was a requirement by the Ontario

Ministr y of Health and Long-Term Care.
During the lengthy approval process for the
project that began in 2003, government
officials sought assurances that the ICU
and post-surgery rooms had windows, says
Dredge.
But the light doesnt just flow from windowed walls. It permeates the space from a
two-storey atrium with glazed walls that features a bridge linking the ICU to the surgical
suite on the second floor. This passageway
eliminates labyrinthine corridors typical of
ERSKINE DREDGE & ASSOCIATES ARCHITECTS INC. / PHOTO: GORDON KING
many hospitals, and reduces travel between

surgery, recovery and ICU to a minimum. By
reducing exterior wall area, the atrium also
lowers energy costs.
Meanwhile, non-critical care services are
located on the main level, including administrative offices, staff locker rooms, an optician,
a medical equipment shop and even a Tim
Hortons.
Dredge says the idea behind the design
was to create a healing environment that
reduces stress, encourages health and ultimately shortens recovery time for patients. And,
based on the feedback shes received from
the health-care professionals who spend the
most time there, the designs goal has been
accomplished. Ive heard from doctors and
nurses who say they want to work in a good
environment like this, which is important from
the perspective of maintaining and recruiting
staff.
According to Frank Medwenitsch, director
of planning and capital projects at The Ottawa
Hospital, the expansion has gone a long
way toward putting the hospital on the map
from a recruiting point of view. He says that a
Toronto surgeon who toured the building was
so astounded by it that he was ready to join
the staff on a moments notice.
Health-care workers in the emergency
depar tment at the QEII Health Sciences
Centres Halifax Infirmary also have improved
working conditions, thanks to the design of
one of the citys firms, WHW Architects.
WHW ARCHITECTS / PHOTO: CRAIG MOSHER
Unique Hospital Interiors
The emergency department at the QEII Health Sciences Centres Halifax Infirmary.
while maintaining emergency operations

at the same time, explains senior project architect Dennis Ramsay, MRAIC, an
associate with WHW. The easiest, most
cost-effective solution was to build on an
adjacent site.
However, it was more than a matter of
constructing an addition. The previous emergency department was designed to accommodate only 35,000 patient s annually,
The idea behind the design was to create a healing environment that
reduces stress, encourages health and ultimately shortens recovery
time for patients.
though the hospital has been seeing nearly
double that number at 60,000 per year,
resulting in longer wait times.
So, while looking at ways of providing more space, WHW also looked at new
approaches and recruited James Lennon,
a California-based architect renowned for
using computer technology to test emergency department designs. A decade ago,
he was involved with the ER One initiative
at Washington Hospital Center in the US
capital to create an all-risks-ready emergency-care facility to deal with crises, such
www.raic.org / 2009
Opening this spring (May), the new,

$21-million, 53,000 sq. ft. (4,924 sq. m.)
emergency department is the result of human
ingenuity and state-of-the-art technology a
major advancement from its more modest
plan in 2003.
The original strategy that involved Capital
Health, Nova Scotias health-services provider that operates the hospital, was to simply renovate and expand the 23,500 sq. ft.
(2,183 sq. m.) emergency department within
the existing building. But it was very diffi cult to fuse two spaces into one department
as those resulting from terrorist attacks or

epidemics.
WHW used computer models to simulate
existing and future patient volumes and their
status under the CTAS (Canadian Triage and
Acuity Scale), a tool that helps emergency
departments prioritize patient care requirements. This data was used to test design
alternatives, and to demonstrate capacity
and staff working procedures.
A racetrack concept, adapted from
recent prototypes developed in the US and
unique to Canada, evolved as the most
appropriate model for the Halifax Infirmarys
new emergency department.
Rather than building traditional patient
cubicles, WHW designed 35 treatment
rooms that run along the racetrack and are
accessed via an oval-shaped corridor that
runs outside of it. Ramsay says the individual
rooms provide additional privacy for patients
and enhance infection control. Meanwhile,
situated in the middle of the treatment racetrack is a working area occupied only by
caregivers and emergency department staff.
While the facility has a cut ting-edge
design, its intended to reduce average wait
times from four hours previously to about
two hours and 20 minutes.
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Desiign inggal aux inttrieurs des hpitaux
Latrium au campus de lHpital Gnral dOttawa.
Des architectes apportent lumire

et design ingal aux intrieurs
des hpitaux canadiens
Par Christopher Guly
de 34 lits, une autre pour les soins intensifs

de 32 lits et 24 lits pour celle des chirurgies
ambulatoires. Mais cont r airement au x
installations prcdentes, o les patients
t aien t en t our s de mur s, c e nou vel
agrandissement situ larrire de lhpital
possde des fentres.
Lancienne faon de penser tait que les
patients ne profiteraient pas de regarder par
la fentre, mais les conceptions bases sur
lexprience ont dmontr que laccs la
lumire naturelle amliore le rtablissement ,
explique Michele Dredge, MRAIC, associe
chez Erskine Dredge. Cela rend aussi le
personnel heureux .
De plus, ctait un des pr-requis du

Ministre de la Sant et des soins de longue
dure de lOntario. Pendant toute la dure
du long processus dapprobation du projet,
commenc en 2003, les reprsentant s
du gouvernement ont voulu tre assurs
que lunit de soins intensifs et les salles
postopratoires auraient des fentres, raconte
Mme Dredge.
Mais la lumire naturelle nafflue pas
uniquement des murs vitrs. Elle pntre
aussi les espaces par un atrium de 2 tages
au vitrage slectivit spectrale des murs
qui comporte un pont reliant lunit des soins
intensifs et le bloc opratoire au deuxime
www.raic.org / 2009
Passer du temps lunit de soins intensifs

ou celle de rcupration postopratoire dun
hpital peut tre un moment dprimant pour
les patients. Mais le temps pass dans ces
units na pas tre morose, comme le rvle
le campus de lHpital Gnral dOttawa.
Lan dernier, lhpital a inaugur le
projet de 65.5 millions de dollars de laile
des soins intensifs et de son atrium, conu
par Erskine Dredge & Associates Architects
Inc. Laile comprend un total de 190 000 pi.
ca. (17 651 m 2) despace additionnel et
30 000 pi.ca. (2 787 m2) despace rnov.
Elle inclut 17 salles doprations (6 de plus
quauparavant), une unit de rcupration
www.raic.org / 2009
377151_Tate.indd 1
3/31/08 11:27:41 PM
Le nouveau dpartement des urgences au Centre des sciences de la sant Queen Elizabeth II dHalifax.
durgence de 23 500 pi.ca. (2 183 m2). Il

tait cependant trs difficile de fusionner
deux espaces en un seul dpartement tout en
conservant les oprations durgence au mme
endroit , explique larchitecte senior du projet
Dennis Ramsay, MRAIC, un associ de WHW.
La solution la plus simple et la plus efficace
au niveau des cots tait de construire sur un
site adjacent .
Cependant, le projet ne se rsumait pas
construire quun simple agrandissement.
Lancien service durgence, ayant t conu
pour recevoir 35 000 patients annuellement,
en recevait rellement presque le double,
traitant 60 000 personnes par an, rsultant
en des temps dattentes prolongs.
Ainsi, tout en cherchant avoir plus
despace, WHW a cherch de nouvelles
approches et a recrut James Lennon, un
architecte bas en Californie et renomm pour
son utilisation des technologies informatiques
pour tester les designs des dpartements de
soins durgence. Il y a une dizaine dannes,
il avait particip linitiative ER One du
Centre hospitalier de Washington, dans la
capitale amricaine, afin de crer un service
de soins durgence prt toute ventualit
afin de grer les crises, comme celles rsultant
dattaques terroristes ou dpidmies.
WHW a utilis des modlisations
informatiques pour simuler les volumes de
patients existants et futurs et leurs statuts

sous lchelle canadienne de triage et de
gravit (TG), un instrument qui permet aux
services durgence de prioriser les besoins
des soins aux patients. Ce sont ces donnes
qui furent ensuite utilises pour tester les
alternatives de design et dmontrer la
capacit et les procdures de travail du
personnel.
Le concept sapparentant une piste
de course, adapt de rcents prototypes
dvelopps aux tats-Unis, mais unique au
Canada, a volu jusqu devenir le modle le
plus appropri pour le nouveau dpartement
des urgences de linfirmerie dHalifax.
Au lieu de construire des cubicules
traditionnels pour les patient s, WHW a
conu 35 salles de traitement qui longent la
piste de course et auxquelles on accde
par le corridor suivant un trac ovale et qui
entoure la piste. M. Ramsay mentionne aussi
que les salles individuelles fournissent une
intimit accrue pour les patients et amliore
le contrle des infections. Par ailleurs, situ
dans le centre de la piste de traitement,
on retrouve laire de travail occupe par le
personnel du service durgence.
Bien que le design de linstallation soit
davant-garde, son premier objectif reste de
rduire le temps dattente moyen de quatre
heures deux heures 20 minutes.
www.raic.org / 2009
tage. Ce passage limine les corridors

labyrinthiques typiques de plusieurs hpitaux
et rduit au minimum le dplacement entre
le bloc opratoire, lunit de rtablissement
et lunit des soins intensifs. En rduisant
ainsi la surface de murs extrieurs, latrium
contribue abaisser les cots nergtiques
du btiment.
Cest au rez-de-chausse que lon retrouve
les services de soins non-critiques, incluant
les bureaux administratifs, les salles de
casiers du personnel, un optomtriste, un
magasin dquipement mdical et mme un
Tim Hortons.
Mme Dredge explique que lintention du
design tait de crer un environnement
g u r i s s e ur qui r duir ai t l e s t r e s s ,
favoriserait la sant et enfin raccourcirait le
temps de gurison des patients. Et, selon
les commentaires reus des professionnels
de la sant qui y passent le plus de temps,
lobjectif a t atteint. Les mdecins et
infirmires mont dit quils veulent travailler
dans un environnement comme celui-ci, ce
qui est important au moment de conserver et
de recruter le personnel .
Selon Franck Medwenitsch, directeur de
lamnagement et des projets dimmobilisation
lHpital dOttawa, lagrandissement a
jou un rle important dans lmergence de
lhpital au point de vue du recrutement. Il
ajoute quun chirurgien de Toronto qui visitait
ldifice en a t tellement impressionn quil
tait prt rejoindre lquipe en place dans
les plus brefs dlais .
Les travailleurs des soins de la sant
du dpar tement des urgences du Centre
des sciences de la sant Queen Elizabeth
II dHalifax ont eux aussi des conditions de
travail amliores, grce au design dune
des firmes darchitecture de la ville, WHW
Architects.
Ouvrant ce printemps, (en mai 2009), le
nouveau dpartement des urgences, projet
de 21 millions de dollars et de 53 000 pi.ca.
(4 924 m 2), est le rsultat de lingniosit
humaine et de la technologie dernier-cri un
long chemin depuis ses modestes dbuts en
2003.
La stratgie originale, qui incluait Capital
Health , le fournisseur des services de sant
en Nouvelle-cosse qui gre lhpital, tait
de simplement rnover et agrandir le service
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ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT

ROYAL
DARCHITECTURE
DU CANADA
2/19/09
9:28:15
384591_TwinMaple.indd
AM
1
5/26/08 11:16:58 PM
Standard Form Contract
Standard Form
Architectural Contracts
By Andrea W.K. Lee, B.Arch, LL.B
Glaholt LLP
For example, GC 1 of RAIC

Document Six requires the
client to:
a) provide all relevant project information upon
which the architect is
entitled to rely;
b) authorize the architect
or other specified
person to act as the
clients agent;
c) review submissions from the architect and
make decisions in a timely manner;
d) obtain and pay for the requisite permits
and approvals;
e) notify the architect in writing immediately if any fault or defect in the project
becomes apparent; and,
f) engage subconsultants as required or as
recommended by the architect and ensure
that the subconsultants are insured.
The ownership of copyright and use of
documents are also determined by most
standard form contract s. GC 5 of RAIC
Document Six provides that the copyright in
the architects work product belongs to the
architect and remains the property of the
architect whether the project is executed or
not or the architect has been paid or not. The
client may retain copies of the instruments of
service for the purposes of its one-time use
for the project but cannot sell or transfer the
architects work without the consent of the
architect. The client may only use the architects instruments of service when all fees
are paid in full.
Another standard form contract employed
by many in the construction industry is the
Canadian Construction Documents Committee
CCDC 2 Stipulated Price Contract 2008
(CCDC 2-2008). CCDC 2-2008 was released
in February 2008, replacing the widely used

1994 version. Some of the significant changes affecting the relationship between the
client and architect are described below.
Under CCDC 2-2008, GC 5.3 Progress
Payment, the consultant must now notify
the owner of the contractors application for
payment and the owner must pay the contractor no later than 20 calendar days after
the consultants receipt of the application.
This revision requires the architect to review
applications and the client to make payment
within a stricter time frame.
The 1994 version of the CCDC 2 contract,
GC 12.1 Indemnification, provided that the
contractor was to indemnify and hold harmless the owner and its consultant from claims
by third parties. In CCDC 2-2008, GC 12.1
Indemnification, the consultant has been
removed from the clause, and architects must
now provide for indemnification within their
own contracts.
For more information on CCDC 2-2008,
the Canadian Construction Document s
Committee has published a guidebook titled
CCDC 20-2008 A Guide to the Use of CCDC
2-2008 Stipulated Price Contractt which may
be of assistance to architects, owners and
builders.
www.raic.org / 2009
Standard form contracts are employed on

a variety of projects by owners, architects,
engineers and contractors. Significantly,
standard form contracts set out the terms
and conditions which are to govern a construction project from commencement to
close out, including project budget, fees,
method of project delivery, scope of services, responsibilities of the parties, use of
documents, limitation of liability and dispute
resolution.
Contracts such as the Royal Architectural
Institute of Canada Canadian Standard
Form of Contract for Architectural Services,
Document Six 2006 Edition (RAIC Document
Six), assist to avoid potential disputes and
confusion by specifying the architectural services to be provided, including:
a) analysis of the clients requirements;
b) conduct of a financial feasibility and site
evaluation study and estimate of construction cost;
c) preparation of drawings and specifications;
d) co-ordination of subconsultants;
e) tender document preparation and bid
receipt and review;
f) receipt, review and process of requests
for information, change orders and change
directives;
g) preparation of record drawings;
h) attendance at site meetings, site inspection and testing;
i) payment and substantial performance
certification; and,
j) project close out and warranty review.
Any services which were not contemplated
at the time of execution of the contract may
be defined as additional services with separate fee structures.
Most standard form contracts also define
the duties and responsibilities of the client.
Revised Recommended Practice

for Senior Living ANSI Approved
oor lighting is often associated with

potentially life-threatening falls
among the elderly. Care providers and
designers can reduce the likelihood of falls
by adopting the recommendations found in
the newly revised Lighting and the Visual Environment for Senior Living RP-28-07. Optimum
lighting conditions enable care providers and
designers to enhance the safety and well-being of older adults in the built environment.
Topics discussed in RP-28-07:
applications to homes, apartments, condominiums, and congregate housing
photobiological effects of lighting (e.g., the

circadian system and vitamin D synthesis)
Numerous up-to-date four-color photographs
and drawings supplement the discussions.
To order:
Call: 212-248-5000, ext 112
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ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT

ROYAL
DARCHITECTURE
DU CANADA
4/11/09
12:55:25
420930_Terrazzo.indd
PM
1
5/12/09 8:49:38 PM
Les contrats formule normalise
Formule normalise de
contrats en architecture
additionnels avec une structure de frais

spare.
L a plupar t de s cont r at s for mule
normalise dfinissent aussi les devoirs et
responsabilits du client. Par exemple, les
Conditions gnrales 1 du Document Six de
lIRAC exigent du client quil :
a) fournisse toute linformation pertinente au
projet sur laquelle larchitecte est en droit
de compter;
b) autorise larchitecte ou tout autre
personne spcifie agir comme
mandataire;
c) rvise les soumissions de larchitecte et
prenne les dcisions de faon opportune;
d) obtienne et paie pour les approbations et
permis requis;
e) avise immdiatement larchitecte par crit
si nimporte quel dfaut ou imperfection
dans le projet devient apparent; et,
f) engage les consultants tel que requis ou

comme recommand par larchitecte et
sassure que les consultants sont assurs.
L a proprit des droit s dauteur et
lutilisation des document s sont aus si
rgies par la plupart des contrats formule
normalise. Les conditions gnrales 5
du Document Six de lIRAC stipulent que
les droits dauteur du produit du travail de
larchitecte appartiennent larchitecte et
reste sa proprit, que le projet soit ralis
ou non, ou que larchitecte ait t pay ou
non. Le client peut garder des copies des
documents professionnels aux fins de leur
utilisation unique pour le projet, mais ne
peut pas vendre ou transfrer le travail de
larchitecte sans laccord de celui-ci. Le client
pourra utiliser les documents professionnels
de larchitecte seulement lorsque tous les
frais auront t pays au complet.
www.raic.org / 2009
Les contrats formule normalise sont

employs pour une grande varit de projets
par les propritaires, architectes, ingnieurs
et entrepreneurs.
De faon dif frente, les contrat s
formule normalise tablissent les termes
et conditions qui rgissent un projet de
construction du dbut la fin, incluant : le
budget du projet, les frais, la mthode de
livraison du projet, ltendue des services,
la responsabilit des parties, lusage des
documents, la limitation des responsabilits
et la rsolution de conflits.
Les contrats, tel que ldition de 2006
du Document Six de la Formule canadienne
nor malise de cont r at de ser vices en
architecture de lInstitut Royal dArchitecture
du Canada (Document Six IRAC), aident
viter la confusion et les conflits potentiels en
spcifiant les services architecturaux tre
fournis, incluant :
a) Lanalyse des demandes du client;
b) Ltude de la faisabilit financire et du
site et estim des cots de construction;
c) La prparation des dessins et du devis;
d) La coordination avec les consultants;
e) La prparation des documents pour
soumission, la rception et rvision des
offres;
f) La rception, rvision et traitement des
demandes dinformation, des avenants et
des directives de changement;
g) La prparation des dessins tel que
construit;
h) La prsence aux runions de chantier, les
inspections de chantier et les essais;
i) Le paiement et la certification
dachvement substantiel; et,
j) La remise du projet et la rvision des
garanties.
Tous les ser vices qui nauraient pas
t prvus au moment de la rdaction du
contrat pourront tre dfinis comme services
MAIGI/DREAMSTIME.COM
Par Andrea W.K. Lee, B. Arch, LL.B

Glaholt LLP
Les contrats formule normalise
ARCHITECTURAL SPECIALTIES
Ten Plus Architectural Products Ltd.

6535 MillCreek Dr., Unit 26,
Mississauga, ON L5N 2M2
Phone: (905) 363-2306
Fax: (905) 625-0067
Toll-Free: (866) 884-0717
Web: www.tenplus-online.com
Purveyors of Architectural Louvres
and Footgrilles. We will gladly assist
you with budgeting, detailing and
specifications. Great customer
service is our distinguishing factor.
CURVED FRAMING COMPONENTS
Flex-Ability Concepts
5500 S. W. 36th St.
Oklahoma City, OK 73179
Phone: (405) 996-5343
Fax: (405) 996-5353
E-mail: robert@flexc.com
Web: www.flexabilityconcepts.com
Flex-C Trac (steel) and Quick Curve
Plate (OSB-wood) provide solutions
for framing curved walls and soffits,
columns, barrel vaults and more. They
are strong and minimize flat spots.
FLOORING
Duochem, Inc.
1250 Graham Bell
Boucherville, QC J4B 6H5
Phone: (888) 577-6421
Fax: (450) 641-4701
Web: www.duochem.com
Duochem is a Canadian Manufacturer
of specialty construction products,
polymer flooring systems, epoxy
terrazzo and traffic deck waterproofing
systems, related to the protection of
concrete.
Mirage Floors
3057, 108 St.
Saint-Georges, QC G6A 1M2
Phone: (418) 227-1181
Fax: (418) 226-3867
Web: www.miragefloors.com
To learn more about Mirages inspiring
products and progressive approach
to sustainable development, visit our
website or get in touch with us today.
www.raic.org / 2009
Un autre contrat formule normalise employ par plusieurs

dans lindustrie de la construction est le Contrat forfait 2008 du
Comit Canadien des documents de construction CCDC 2 ( CCDC
2-2008 ). Le CCDC 2-2008 a t publi au mois de fvrier 2008,
remplaant la version couramment employe de 1994. Quelques-uns
des changements significatifs affectant la relation entre le client et
larchitecte sont dcrits ci-dessous.
Dans le CCDC 2-2008, le point 5.3 des Conditions gnrales (CG
5.3 Paiement dacompte) le consultant doit maintenant avertir le
propritaire de la demande de paiement soumise par lentrepreneur et
le propritaire doit payer celui-ci dans les 20 jours civils suivant le jour
o le consultant aura reu la demande de paiement. Ce changement,
demande que larchitecte rvise les demandes et que le client fasse
les paiements dans un dlai plus strict.
Dans la version de 1994 du contrat du CCDC 2, le point 12.1
(CG 12.1 Indemnisation) lentrepreneur devait indemniser et
tenir couvert le propritaire et ses consultants des rclamations
faites par des tiers. Dans le CCDC 2-2008 au mme point CG12.1
Indemnisation, le professionnel a t enlev de larticle et les
architectes doivent maintenant prvoir lindemnisation lintrieur de
leurs propres contrats.
Pour de plus amples informations sur le CCDC 2-2008, le Comit
canadien des documents de construction a publi un guide intitul
CCDC 2-2008 Guide dutilisation du contrat forfait CCDC 2-2008,
qui peut tre utile aux architectes, propritaires et constructeurs.
Classifieds
44 342083_Centaur.indd
1
8/8/07 1:17:58 PM
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and Warm-Light warm-edge
spacer for insulating glass.
AZON SAVES ENERGY
www.raic.org / 2009
Hydrotechs Garden Roof adds beauty to the

once forgotten area of a building. The naked
roof level can now be revitalized with a wide
variety of plantings from herbs, lawns, shrubs
and small ornamental trees. Hardscape
elements, such as pavers and water features
can also be integrated into the design.
THE ROYAL
ARCHITECTURAL
INSTITUTE OF
CANADA / LINSTITUT ROYAL DARCHITECTURE DU CANADA
45
4/20/09 11:07:08
372189_Azon.indd
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1
3/22/08 7:25:38 PM
Index to Advertisers / Index des annonceurs

ACCESS FLOORING
Tate Access Floors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
FENCING
Taiga Building Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 & 25
C R Laurence Company, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 & 7
FENCING - ORNAMENTAL IRON

Iron Eagle Industries Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
ARCHITECTURAL SOFTWARE
Autodesk Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
FIBRE CEMENT SIDING

Nichiha USA, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
ARCHITECTURAL SPECIALTIES
Ten Plus Architectural Products Ltd. . . . . . . . . 44
FLOORING
B.C. Floor Covering Association . . . . . . . . . . .
Duochem inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jona Panel Sales Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mirage/Boa-Franc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AUTOMATIC GATES
Tymetal Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
BRICK
The Belden Brick
Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside Back Cover
CONCRETE FINISHING
Tri-Con Concrete Finishing Co. Ltd . . . . . . . . . . .3
LIGHTING
Cooper Lighting Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Illuminating Engineering Society
of North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
METAL BUILDING SYSTEMS
VP Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
METAL FENCING
14
44
15
44
GLASS WALL SYSTEMS

Nana Wall Systems Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
GREEN ROOF SYSTEMS
Hydrotech Membrane Corporation . . . . . . . . . 45
CURVED FRAMING COMPONENTS

Flex-Ability Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
INFORMATION RESOURCE - TILE SPECS

Terrazzo Tile and Marble Association
of Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
DECKING & RAILINGS

Taiga Building Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 & 25
INSULATING GLASS
ECO Insulating Glass Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
ENGINEERED WOOD MANUFACTURERS

Nordic Engineered Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
INSULATION
Owens Corning Canada Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Twin Maple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
FENCES & GATES

Ameristar Fence Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
MODULAR CONSTRUCTION
NRB Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ORNAMENTAL GATES
PLASTER & GYPSUM BOARD
Jona Panel Sales Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ROOF & GUTTER DE-ICING
Tyco Thermal Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ROOFING & SIDING PANELS
VICWESTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
ROOFING PRODUCTS
IKO Industries Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
SECURITY GATES
SITE PREPARATION
Invisible Structures, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SKYLIGHTS
Velux Canada Inc. . . . . . . . . . . Inside Front Cover
SOUND-CONDITIONED ROOMS
SPORTS SURFACING
Centaur Products Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
IRON
EAGLE
Industries
Inc.
www.raic.org / 2009
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ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT ROYAL DARCHITECTURE DU

CANADA
6/26/07
2:35:12 PM
SUN-TUNNEL SKYLIGHTS
Velux Canada Inc. . . . . . . . . . . Inside Front Cover
UNDERFLOOR SERVICE DISTRIBUTION
Tate Access Floors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
WINDOWS & DOORS
DURABUILT Windows & doors Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .8
Marvin Windows & Doors . . . . Inside Back Cover
WINDOWS/THERMAL BARRIERS
Azon U.S.A., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2007 Marvin Windows and Doors. All rights reserved. Registered trademark of Marvin Windows and Doors.
For those who constantly chase perfection, there's only one window.
Passionate about detail? Our windows and doors can keep up.You can expect furniture-quality construction,
beautiful wood, plus an experience thats, well, picture perfect. Learn more at marvin.com or visit us today.
Marvin Windows and Doors Canada

Vancouver - Kelowna - Calgary - Edmonton
Toronto - Montreal - Halifax,
1-800-263-6161
www.marvincanada.com
STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE
Since 1885, The Belden Brick Company has set
the standard of quality for the brick industry and
is recognized as a leader in the manufacturing of
bricks. Belden offers a combination of over 250 sizes,
textures and colors of face brick and clay pavers as
well as the ability and desire to fabricate customdesigned brick shapes. Strength and durability have
made Belden an industry leader for over 120 years.
Canton, Ohio / (330) 456-0031 / www.beldenbrick.com

An ISO 9001:2000 Registered Quality Management System

Architecture 2009 Sum Me Fall

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Architecture

Architects bringing life

The Royal Architectural Institute of Canada

A magazine for public

Where there is light there is life.

Skylights & Sun Tunnel Skylights

Diamond Polished Concrete.

Diamond Polished Concrete is a unique, advanced flooring

Tri-Con Concrete Finishing is an industry leader with more

TRI-CON Concrete Finishing Co. Ltd.

MRITENT CE QUIL Y A DE MIEUX.

You can count on IKO for your complete line of

From high quality SBS and APP Modified

At IKO Industries Ltd., we have enhanced the performance of

For more information on IKOs full line of premium roofing

Table of Contents / Table des matires

Naylor (Canada), Inc.

RAIC the leading voice of architecture

Architects bringing life to healthcare design

Architects bringing light and unique

Standard Form Architectural Contracts

IRAC le principal porte-parole du

Des architectes donnent de la vie au

Des architectes apportent lumire

Formule normalise de contrats en

Index des annonceurs

On the cover / En page couverture :

2009 Naylor (Canada), Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Naylor (Canada), Inc. Tous droits rservs.

THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT ROYAL DARCHITECTURE DU CANADA 5

A magazine for public and institutional administrators

ARCHITECTURAL HARDWARE DESIGNED

SEE IT ALL IN OUR

C.R. LAURENCE CANADA

ARCHITECTURAL HARDWARE DESIGNED

SEE IT ALL IN OUR

Discover our new TAPER-LOC

2008-2009 RAIC Board Members

Chancellor of College of Fellows

1st Vice-President and

R. Wayne Guy, FRAIC (Alberta/NWT)

Council of Canadian University

2nd Vice-President and

David Craddock, MRAIC

Immediate Past President

Ralph Wiesbrock, FRAIC

Conseil dadministration de lIRAC 2008-2009

R. Wayne Guy, FRAIC (Alberta/T.N.-O.)

Claude Hamelin Lalonde, FIRAC (Qubec)

If you think this structure looks

Prevent Ice Problems

2009 Tyco Thermal Controls

RAIC the leading voice of

Access to quality professional development programs, practice support

Members include Licensed (or Registered) Architects, Architectural

THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA / LINSTITUT ROYAL DARCHITECTURE DU CANADA 11

Experts estimate that

Revit software, purpose built

Working from a digital

HOW BIM CAN HELP

IRAC le principal porte-parole du

Faire mieux connatre et apprcier la contribution de larchitecture

universitaires darchitecture. Un architecte qui rside lextrieur du

Parmi les avantages de ladhsion lIRAC :

MRITENT CE QUIL Y A DE MIEUX.