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A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)), Vol. 69, No. 4, I_980-I_988, 2013.
Student Member of JSCE, Doctoral Student, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.
E-mail: samaei@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
2
Member of JSCE, Professor, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.
E-mail: miyajima@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
3
Senior researcher, Geo-Research Institute
4-3-2, Itachibori, Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
E-mail: tsurugi@geor.or.jp
4
Assistant Professor, Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem
35 km Maragheh road, Tabriz, Iran.
E-mail: fallahi@azaruniv.ac.ir
The goal of this study is to estimate source and path attenuation parameters of recorded earthquakes in
Tehran province, Iran so they can be used for strong motion prediction purposes. For this, we have used
four well recorded earthquakes recorded on Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN). Assuming a simple
geometric spreading of 1/r we have estimated Q factor for S-wave attenuation by characterizing spectral
amplitude decay with distance at discrete frequencies. We propose the form of Q(f)=73f 0.72 for
attenuation of S-wave in Tehran province. We show that the proposed attenuation quality factor is in the
range of Q factors that have been proposed by the other studies. We have also estimated source
parameters, such as seismic moment (M0), corner frequency (fc) and Brune stress drop () for each
earthquake. We have fitted Brune source model to the observed spectra of motion by a grid search for
least squares. Stress drop for studied earthquakes ranges between 7.7 to 37.1 MPa (77 to 371 bars).
Key Words: path attenuation, Q factor, Brune source model, Tehran
1. INTRODUCTION
Tehran, the capital of Iran with the population of
over 10 million people is surrounded by many active
faults1,2). This city was built after the last destructive
earthquake that devastated the ancient city of Rey in
1177 A.D. (Mw7.2) which is now a suburb of
south Tehran.
The 1177 A.D. earthquake was not the only
earthquake that has occurred in Tehran with
magnitude bigger than 7 but this city has been
stricken by other major earthquakes before that3).
Existence of active faults and destructive
historical earthquakes indicate the necessity of the
evaluation of the severity of earthquake occurrence
in this city. Fig. 1 shows historical and instrumental
earthquakes around Tehran, along with location of
1
980
Date
Ms
312-280 BC
743 AD
855 AD
958 AD
1177 AD
1830 AD
7.6
7.2
7.1
7.7
7.2
7.1
Epicenter
E
51.8
52.2
51.5
51.1
50.7
51.7
N
35.5
35.3
35.6
36
35.7
35.8
2. DATABASE
The data used in this study were all recorded by
Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN), which have
been installed and maintained by Building and
Table 2
Event
Date
Latitude
Longitude
Depth
Magnitude
Stations
Ref
Changure
6/22/2002
35.63
48.93
Mw=6.5
BHRC
Kojur
5/28/2004
36.3
51.56
28
Ml=6.1
Kahak
6/18/2007
34.48
50.85
17
Mn=5.9
Shahre-Rey
10/17/2009
35.57
51.5
12
Mn=4
Fig. 2 Locations of the events and stations. Approximate border of Tehran metropolitan is also shown.
2
981
BHRC
IGUT
IGUT
P( f , r ) Z (r ) exp(
U i , j ( f , r ) Ei ( f )r 1 exp(
f
r)
QS
(4)
f
r Ln( Ei ( f ))
QS
(5)
Defining Di , j ( f , r ) Ln(U i , j ( f , r ) r ) :
3. ESTIMATING QS FACTOR
f
r Ln ( Ei ( f ))
QS
(6)
(1)
U i , j ( f , r ) P( f , r ) Ei ( f )
(3)
Di , j ( f , r )
Yi , j ( f , r ) Ei ( f ) P( f , r )G j ( f )
f
r)
QS
(2)
3
982
High Frequency
0.34
0.44
0.56
0.56
0.73
0.90
0.90
1.15
1.39
1.39
1.81
2.22
2.22
2.88
3.54
3.54
4.59
5.63
5.63
7.27
8.91
8.91
11.52
14.13
14.13
18.26
22.36
D(f,r)
Low Frequency
2
0
-2
-4
0
20
40
60
80
100
60
80
100
60
80
100
60
80
100
60
80
100
r (km)
1.81 Hz
4
D (f,r)
2
0
-2
-4
0
20
40
r (km)
2.88 Hz
4
D(f,r)
2
0
-2
-4
0
20
40
r (km)
4.59 Hz
4
D(f,r)
2
0
-2
-4
0
20
40
r (km)
1.E-01
7.27 Hz
4
1.E-02
2
D(f,r)
1.E+00
1.E-03
0
-2
-4
1.E-04
20
40
r (km)
1.E-05
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
983
700
600
Qs
500
QS=73 f 0.72
R2=0.94
400
300
200
100
0
1.00
10.00
Frequency (Hz)
Fig. 5 Obtained values of Q for discrete frequencies along with fitted curve.
10000
1000
1
2
Qs
3
100
4
5
6
10
7
8
9
1
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (Hz)
10
100
Fig. 6 Comparison of the QS value obtained in this study (black line) with other parts of Iranian plateau (color lines). The
required information is presented in Table 4.
984
Table 4 QS factors which have been obtained for different tectonic parts of Iran used in Fig. 6
No.
Study
Region
Quality factor
Motazedian 17)
Northern Iran
QS 87 f 1.46
Mousavi et al 18)
Iranian plateau
QS 153 f 0.88
Ma'hood et al 19)
QS 53 f 1.02
Zafarani et al
20)
Iranian plateau
QS 291 f 0.6
Hassani et al 21)
QS 151 f
Safarshahi et al 13)
QS 96 f
Hamzeloo et al 22)
QS 121 f 0.55
QS 17 .4 f 1.00
QS 73 f
Tsurugi et al
This study
23)
QS 73 f 0.72
(6)
0.72
R ( FS )(PRTITN)
4
(8)
0.60
E( f )
0.75
G( f ) A( f ) exp( f 0 )
(9)
(7)
985
Displacement spectrum(cm2s)
1.E+09
3
Vs=620
2.5
Vs=520
Vs=310
2
G(f)
Vs=255
1.5
1.E+08
1.E+07
1.E+06
1.E+05
1.E+04
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
0.01
0.1
0.5
0
0.01
0.1
10
(12)
1
Frequency (Hz)
10
100
Frequency
1.E+09
E( f )
Obs ( f ) R
fR
exp
Q f
(10)
1.E+07
1.E+06
1.E+05
1.E+04
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
0.01
0.1
1
Frequency (Hz)
10
(11)
F ( f ) ( 2f ) 2 F ( f )
a
d
1.E+08
1.E+08
1.E+07
1.E+06
1.E+05
1.E+04
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
0.01
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
986
3)
4)
1.E+09
1.E+08
1.E+07
1.E+06
5)
1.E+05
1.E+04
6)
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
0.01
0.1
7)
10
Frequency (Hz)
8)
with reported
magnitudes
from different
organizations. The shapes of the spectra also agree
well with omega squared model. Stress drop which
is a very important parameter for strong motion
simulations ranges from 7.7 to 37.1 MPa (77 to 371
bars).
9)
10)
11)
5. CONCLUSIONS
In this study we estimated source and path
parameters for earthquakes in Tehran province. We
calculated Q-value of attenuation of S-wave by
characterizing spectral amplitude decay with
distance. Our obtained value for quality factor in
this region is QS 73 f 0.72 . We also fitted the
Brune source spectra to observed spectra of records
and estimated the source parameters of each event.
Our results show good agreements with reported
magnitudes by different organizations. Stress drop
for studied earthquakes ranges between 7.7 to 37.1
MPa.
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
REFERENCES
1)
2)
17)
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