01 Global Sales Program - Protection Solutions - Rev50

David Pauta, Power Systems
Global sales program

Protection applications and system solutions
ABB Group
February 6, 2012 | Slide 1
Bay protection solutions

Protection applications and system solutions
Content
ABB Group
Fundamental aspects
Physical arrangements
Line protection concepts
Transformer protection concepts
Busbar protection concepts
Communication and GOOSE in protection systems
Trends and potentials
Application example
Disturbance recorder
Retrofit of protection systems
Marketing and sales
Competitors in protection field

Fundamental aspects
ABB Group

The basic principles
The failure of any object in the network cannot be allowed to cause a

permanent danger to people, animals, nature or other objects
The damage to the faulted object shall be limited
The disturbance on consumer-level shall be kept to a minimum
The protection system must present:
Selectivity (Selectividad)
Speed (Velocidad)
Reliability (Seguridad)
Dependability (Confiabilidad)
ABB Group

The need for protection
ABB Group

The need for protection
35ms
ABB Group
100ms
500ms

Electromechanical relays
ABB Group
The first generation

Electronic (static) relays
ABB Group
The second generation

Micro-processed relays
ABB Group

Numerical relays
Tecnology based on microprocessors
High reliability
Self-supervision (watch-dog)
Multi-function protection capability, including control, monitoring, etc.
Event and fault recorders
Disturbance recorders
Measurement A, V, kW, kVA, kVAr, kWh, kVAh, kVArh, PF, etc.
Communication interfaces
ABB Group

IED Intelligent Electronic Devices
IEC 61850 compliant
Designed to communicate
Extensive function library and powerful hardware

platform
Fast and reliable Ethernet communication
Efficient engineering and handling
ABB Group

Standards and functional descriptions
IEC 61850
ANSI
Function description
IEC 61850
ANSI
Function description
T2WPDIF
87T
Transformer differential protection, two windings
PDIF
87L
Line differential protection
T3WPDIF
87T
Transformer differential protection, three windings
PDIF
87B
Busbar differential protection
REFPDIF
87N
Restricted earth fault protection, low impedance
PDIF
87G
Generator differential protection
PHPIOC
50
Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection
PDIF
87M
Motor (machine) differential protection
OC4PTOC
51/67
Four step directional phase overcurrent protection
PDIS
21
Distance protection
EFPIOC
50N
Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection
RPSB
68
Power swing detection
EF4PTOC
51N/67N
Four step directional residual overcurrent protection
PPAM
78
Out-of-step protection
RBRF
50BF
Breaker failure protection
PTUC
37
Undercurrent protection
PTUV
27
Undervoltage protection
PTTR
49
Thermal overload protection
PTOV
59
Overvoltage protection
PTOC
46
Negative sequence based overcurrent function
PTOV
59N
Residual overvoltage protection
RSYN
25
Synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing
PTUF
81 (U)
Underfrequency
RREC
79
Autoreclose
PTOF
81 (O)
Overfrequency
PTRC
94
Tripping logic
ABB Group

Examples of functionalities
ABB Group

Protection requirements
87B
87B
87T
BU
BU
BU
87T
21
Traditional protection requirements
87L
87L
New additional requirements
Fast clearance of faults

Reliable fault isolation
Optimized, pre-designed protection solutions

from distribution to EHV
Avoid heavy damages to primary and

secondary equipment
Prevent cascading trips & keep power losses

small
Maintain maximum power availability
Flexible realization of protection philosophy

and schemes
Scalable hardware and functionality
ABB Group
21
Reliable protections schemes to achieve

maximum security
Fully modeled schemes according IEC 61850

and efficient integration into IEC 61850compliant systems
Convenient selection, simple ordering and
fast delivery

Protection requirements
87B
87B
87T
BU
BU
BU
87T
21
Typical applications
ABB Group
Generation, transmission, subtransmission

and distribution levels
Unit and/or non-unit protections
Time-graded protections as backup
21
87L
87L
Typical functions
87T (PDIF) : Transformer differential protection
87B (PDIF) : Busbar differential protection
21 (PDIS) : Line distance protection
87L (PDIF) : Line differential protection

The protection must be adapted to
Long overhead line

Short overhead line
Cables
ABB Group
Phase selection, impedance reach,

Communication schemes
Danger of overreach (POTT, blocking,
differential, communication links)
Inaccurate zero-sequence impedance
(Differential, POTT)
Compensation devices
Series or parallel compensation
Parallel lines
Fault current reversal
Weak end Infeed
Echo logic
short
medium
long
Transmission lines

Power transformers
ABB Group
Number of windings
Two or three
Bus arrangement
Single bus, double bus or 1 breaker
Transformers with tertiary
Tertiary loaded or not loaded
Number of tanks
One 3-phase tank or one tank per phase (+

spare)
Tap-changer
Regulation range
Cooling
Forced ONAF or natural ONAN
Connection group
Zero-sequence current suppression
Neutral grounding
Max. allowed zero-sequence current, grounding

transformers

ABB Group
short
medium
long
Busbars
Types of substations
Single bus, double bus or 1 beaker
Operating principle
High/medium impedance, low impedance
Types of earthing
Solidly earthed, low imped., high imped., etc.
Security
Undervoltage release, overcurrent release
High speed operation
High impedance
Availability of CT cores
5P, TPX, Class X, ANSI C Class.
Substation Automation Systems

Allocation of Functions
Functional allocation
Station
Level
Bay Level
Process
Level
ABB Group
Station automation
Monitoring
Fault evaluation
Event and alarm viewing
and acknowledgement
Remote communication for
telecontrol and supervision
Protection
Control
Monitoring
Interlocking
Data acquisition
GIS or AIS switchgear
Instrument transformers
Power transformers
Surge arresters
Non-conventional transformers
Modern bay protection solutions

Requirements
Traditional protection requirements
Fast clearance of faults
Reliable fault isolation
Avoid heavy damage to primary and secondary
equipment
Prevent cascading trips and minimizes power
losses
Maintain maximum power availability
Reliable protection schemes to achieve
maximum security
New additional requirements

Optimized, standard protection solutions for
applications from Distribution to EHV
Flexible realization of protection philosophy and
schemes
Scalable hardware and functionality
Fully modeled schemes compliant with IEC
61850 for efficient integration into IEC 61850compliant systems
Convenient selection, simple ordering and fast
delivery
Modern bay protection solutions meet all traditional protection

requirements and are ready for future requirements
ABB Group
RESP07
Protection and control panel
The RESP panel can be ordered to the following
specifications:
Size (variable width):
2000 x 800 x 800 / 1200 / 1600 mm
2200 x 800 x 800 / 1200 / 1600 mm
Protection class: IP54
Color: RAL 7032 or RAL 7035
Heating / thermostat / light
Hygrostat
Wiring of control, signal and VT circuits
1.5 or 2.5 mm2
Wiring of CT circuits
2.5 or 4 mm2
Wiring
PVC
Halogen-free
Wire markers
Spare terminal blocks
Any other panel type or panel requirement can be applied
on request
ABB Group
Example
Line
Transformer
Transformer
short
Line
medium
Line
long
Bus coupler
Process connections
IEC61850-8-1
M1 / Group 1
Panel Interconnections
M2 / Group 2
Busbar
Solution 1
ABB Group
Solution 2
Solution 3
Solution 4
Solution 5
Solution 6

Physical arrangements
ABB Group

Redundant scheme with main 1 and main 2
Battery 1
Main 1
Trip,
Fault-type1)
Battery 2
AR
1-or 3-pole
trip allowed
Trip,
Fault-type1)
Main 2
1-or 3-pole
trip allowed
Start and trip,
fault-type or
trip, fault-type
ABB Group
Close
Position, O-C-O, C-O
Trip 2
Position for DEF2)
Trip 1
Position for DEF 2)
1)
2) Alternatively,
block DEF for

1-pole AR

Scheme with main and backup (reduced redundancy)
Battery 1
Main 1
Battery 2
Trip,
Fault-type1)
AR
1-or 3-pole
trip allowed
Close
Trip 2
2)
delayed
Trip 1
Position for DEF
ABB Group
Backup
3-pole trip delayed,

without AR
Start and
trip, fault-type
or trip, faulttype
1)
2) Alternatively,
Block DEF for

1-pole AR

Scheme with main and stand-by (reduced redundancy)
Battery 1
Main
Trip,
Fault-type1)
Battery 2
Stand-by
AR
1-or 3-pole
trip allowed
Instantaneous
functions
Close
Trip 2
normally blocked,
released if Main is out
of function
Backup
Delayed
functions
always active
Trip 1
Position for DEF 2)
Main out of function
3-pole trip,
without AR
Start and
trip, fault-type
or trip, faulttype
1)
2) Alternatively,
Block DEF for

1-pole AR
ABB Group

Physical arrangements for P&C panels
Arrangement 1
Main 1
Main 2
Arrangement 2
Control
Main 1
Arrangement 3
Main 2
Main 1
Control
Main 2
Arrangement 4
Control
Main 1
Main 2
Control
TRIP
TRIP
Arrangement 5
Main 1
TRIP
Main2 /
Control
TRIP
Integration of protection and control in the same IED

ABB Group
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
Arrangement 7
Arrangement 6
Arrangement 8
Main 1
Main 1
Main 2
Main 2 /
Control
Control 1
Control 2
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
Redundant control
Main 1 /
Control 1
Main 2 /
Control 2
TRIP
TRIP
Redundant control integrated with protection

Centralized busbar protection
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q1
=Q2
Main 1
Main 1
Main 1
Main 2
Main 2
Main 2
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
=Q3
BBP
TRIP

Distributed busbar protection
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q1
=Q2
Main 1
Main 1
Main 1
Main 2
Main 2
Main 2
Bay Unit
Bay Unit
Bay Unit
Bay Unit
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
=Q3
Central
Unit

Distributed busbar protection: main 1 + main + control
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
=Q1
87B
REB500
Central Unit
TRIP
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q2
=Q3
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
RET670
Main 1
REL670
Main 2
REL670
Main 2
REL670
Main 2
RET670
Main 2
REL670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Bay Unit
REB500
Bay Unit
REB500
Bay Unit
REB500
Bay Unit
REB500
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP

Distributed busbar protection: main 1 + main 2 + control
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
=Q1
87B
REB500Sys
Central Unit
TRIP
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q2
=Q3
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
RET670
Main 1
REL670
Main 2 / BU
REB500
Main 2 / BU
REB500
Main 2 / BU
REB500
Main 2 / BU
REB500
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP

Centralized busbar protection: main 1 + main 2 + control
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
=Q1
87B
REB670
TRIP
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q2
=Q3
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
RET670
Main 1
REL670
Main 2
REL670
Main 2
REL670
Main 2
RET670
Main 2
REL670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
Control
REC670
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP

Distributed busbar protection: main 1 + main 2 & control
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
=Q1
87B
REB500
Central Unit
TRIP
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q2
=Q3
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
RET670
Main 1
REL670
Main 2 & C
REL670
Main 2 & C
REL670
Main 2 & C
RET670
Main 2 & C
REL670
Bay Unit
REB500
Bay Unit
REB500
Bay Unit
REB500
Bay Unit
REB500
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP

Centralized busbar protection: main 1 + main 2 & control
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
=QA1
=QA1
=QB9
=QB9
=QC9
=QC9
=Q1
87B
REB670
TRIP
ABB Group
=QA1
=Q2
=Q3
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
REL670
Main 1
RET670
Main 1
REL670
Main 2 & C
REL670
Main 2 & C
REL670
Main 2 & C
RET670
Main 2 & C
REL670
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP

Line protection concepts
ABB Group

Line protection
ZK = Uk / Ik
Uk
Fault
Zk
IB
IA
87L
87L
Phase-Phase Loop
Fault
Zm =
Uk=0
IK
Zm =
I ph 1 I ph 2
Eph1
Iph1 +KN 3I0
KN =
Z0 Z1
3Z1
Distance mho
X
ZZ2
ZZ2
I diff = I A + I B
Protection
Full scheme
Phase selection
Power swing
Teleprotection
ZZ1
Operate
I rest =
E ph 1 E ph 2
Distance quadrilateral
X
Restraint
Phase-to-Earth Loop
21
Cartesian plan
Idiff
Series
compensation
Line distance protection
I A + IB
2
ZZ1
-rca
Irest
Protection
Full scheme
Phase selection
Power swing
Teleprotection
-rca
R
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Benefits:
Excellent tripping time <25 ms

Completely phase segregated measurement
Extremely stable for external faults
Very good sensitivity for internal faults
Flexible communication configuration
Low CT requirements, and different CT ratio
Dual slope stabilization
Minimum operate current 10-150%
Transfer trip can be sent to all terminals
Possible to set resistive and reactive reach

independently for positive and zero sequence fault
loops
Possible to set individual fault resistance settings for
phase-phase and phase-earth fault together
Load encroachment algorithm improves the
probability of detecting high resistive faults without
conflicting with the load impedance
The use of load a encroachment algorithm improves

the probability of detecting high resistive faults without
Possible to use the phase-to-earth quadrilateral
impedance characteristic together with the mho
characteristic increases the probability of overcoming
potential desensitization of the mho element due to the
shaping of the curve at remote end faults.
Increase power transfer

Increase stability limit
etc.
ABB Group
Challenges:
Current inversion
Voltage Inversion
Transients (SC, MOV,
Spark Gap)
etc.
The principle of distance protection

ZK=Uk/ Ik
Uk
Uk=0
metallic
fault
k
B
Z<
The
impedancekis proportional to the distance!
Combination of reach and timers: selectivity
can measure the fault distance.

I
can put some timers..

What can I do?

t3
t2
t1
Z<
Z<
Distance
protection has different functional zones with different

impedance reaches
With
a combination of distance reach setting and functional delay for

each zone selectivity is relatively easy to achieve.

t3
t2
t1
Z<
Z<
Z<
Z<
t3
t2
t1
Combination
of reach and timers: selectivity
t3
t2
t1
f1
Z<
f2
Z<
t3
t2
t1

t3
t2
t1
f3
Z<
Z<
Z<
Z<
t3
t2
t1

The need for teleprotection schemes
Zone 2
Zone 1
Busbar A
Busbar B
t = 0 ms
Zone 1
t = 300 ms
Zone 2
ZZ2
ZZ2

B
ABB Group
ZZ1
Typical impedance settings:
Typical time settings:
Zone 1 = 80% of ZL
Time Zone 1 = 0 ms (instantaneous)
Zone 2 = 120% of ZL
Time Zone 2 = 300 400 ms (time delayed)
ZZ1

Permissive schemes
Underreach
Permissive
The permission is sent by

underreach zone
Permission to trip,
instantaneously
Overreach
The permission is sent by

overreach zone
ABB Group

Permissive underreach
Zone 2
Zone 1
Busbar A
Busbar B
send
Telecom
receive
&
Zone 1
TRIP
Zone 2
Zone 3
ABB Group
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 3
1
1
TRIP
Permissive Underreaching Scheme - PUTT

ZM02
400 ms
ZM01
ZM02
ZM01
ZCOM-TRIP
= ZM02-START * CarrierReceive
CarrierSend
= ZM01-START
400 ms
Permissive Overreaching Scheme - POTT

ZM02
400 ms
ZM01
ZM02
400 ms
ZM01
Same
ZCOM-TRIP
= ZM02-START * CarrierReceive
CarrierSend
= ZM02-START
In
PUTT it is ZM01-START!
as in PUTT
Which
characteristic area? Metallic fault

The
relay measures one impedance
The impedance is a vector in the

impedance plane (phasor).
For
a metallic fault (fault resistance = 0),

the distance is proportional to the line
impedance ZL.
Which
characteristic area? Resistive fault

The
relay measures the sum between

line impedance (if fault at 100% of the
line) and the fault resistance
The impedance is a vector in the

impedance plane (phasor).
Radial feeder mapping of faults in Z plane

How
will a resistive fault look like in the impedance plane?

Z1
I
L1
Z1
L2
Tower
R5
R4
R3
R2
Footing Resistance
R1
Z1
L3
R1
ZN
N
I
ZN
Z1
R2
R3
R4
R5
Radial feeder Quadrilateral characteristic

The
white region is the impedance locus we want to cover with the distance protection
characteristic.
R1
ZN
Z1
R2
R3
R4
R5

Line protection
ZK = Uk / Ik
Uk
Fault
Zk
IB
IA
87L
87L
Phase-Phase Loop
Fault
Zm =
Uk=0
IK
Zm =
I ph 1 I ph 2
Eph1
Iph1 +KN 3I0
KN =
Z0 Z1
3Z1
Distance mho
X
ZZ2
ZZ2
I diff = I A + I B
Protection
Full scheme
Phase selection
Power swing
Teleprotection
ZZ1
Operate
I rest =
E ph 1 E ph 2
Distance quadrilateral
X
Restraint
Phase-to-Earth Loop
21
Cartesian plan
Idiff
Series
compensation
I A + IB
2
ZZ1
-rca
Irest
Protection
Full scheme
Phase selection
Power swing
Teleprotection
-rca
R
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Benefits:
Excellent tripping time <25 ms

Completely phase segregated measurement
Extremely stable for external faults
Very good sensitivity for internal faults
Flexible communication configuration
Low CT requirements, and different CT ratio
Dual slope stabilization
Minimum operate current 10-150%
Transfer trip can be sent to all terminals
Possible to set resistive and reactive reach

independently for positive and zero sequence fault
loops
Possible to set individual fault resistance settings for
phase-phase and phase-earth fault together
Load encroachment algorithm improves the
probability of detecting high resistive faults without
The use of load a encroachment algorithm improves

the probability of detecting high resistive faults without
Possible to use the phase-to-earth quadrilateral
impedance characteristic together with the mho
characteristic increases the probability of overcoming
potential desensitization of the mho element due to the
shaping of the curve at remote end faults.
Increase power transfer

Increase stability limit
etc.
ABB Group
Challenges:
Current inversion
Voltage Inversion
Transients (SC, MOV,
Spark Gap)
etc.

Busbar A
Busbar B
IA
Telecom
Comm
IB
Comm
TRIP
TRIP
Idiff
I diff = I A + I B
I diff = I A + I B
Operate
Idiff
Operate
Restraint
Irest
ABB Group
I rest =
I A + IB
2
I rest =
I A + IB
2
Restraint
Irest
RED 670, Functionality

Line
Protection: Distance/Differential Protection
Distance Protection
Local measurements of voltage and

current
Enables remote back-up protection
Communication not primarily needed
Great Flexibility
Independent of IED at the other line

end
Differential Protection
Instantaneous fault clearance
Absolute selectivity
Best for Multi-terminal lines
High sensitivity
Not sensitive for power swing
Suitable for series compensated

systems
Suitable for protection of short lines
Easy to set
RED 670, Functionality

Differential
and Distance Protection
Differential Protection: Dependent of communication.
Distance protection in RED 670: Selective back-up protection if the communication is

unavailable.
The distance protection will also serve as protection (main protection or back-up
protection) for the adjacent bus bar.
RED 670, Application with up to 5 ends
RED 670, Application with three ends and 2 CT per bay
RED 670, Application with transformer in the zone
RED
670, Principal of operation
CAP531
RED

Fundamental
frequency current phasors
I1
I2
RED
670
RED
670
RED
670
Differential
in
and bias current
phase L1
I3
I DiffL1 = I1 L1 + I 2 L1 + I 3 L1
I BiasL1 = max( I1 L1 , I 2 L1 , I 3 L1 )
RED

The
Characteristic
Unrestrain
I
diff
SlopeSection3
IMaxAddDelay
Operation
IdMinHigh
SlopeSection2
Restrain
I
dmin
Section
EndSection1
I
bias
EndSection2
Section
Section
RED 670, Diff Communication
Rx
x
Rx
x
Serial
Digital Synchronous 64 kbps
RED 670, Principal of operation; Master- Master

A
IA
IB
Local
Master
Trip
Local
Trip
Master
IA
IB
RED 670, Principal of operation; Master- Slave

A
IA
IB
Local
Trip
Remote
Master
Trip
Slave
IB
Slave
is selected by set Operation=OFF
RED 670, Diff communication

Master
Master
Master
Bay protection solution

Transmission, medium Lines, differential/distance with AR
Feeder
voltage level
Functionality /
protection concept
Main 1
Line bay single / double bus

BB I
BB II
QB1
QB2
QA1
BI1
BI2
BI3
BI4
BU1
protection
IEC
ANSI
PDIF
87L
PDIS
21
PTOC 51/67N
PTOC 51/67
PIOC
50/50N
PTOV 59/59N
RPSB 78
PSOF SOTF
PTRC 94
RDRE 95DR
GGIO DTT
Main 2
protection
IEC
ANSI
PDIS
21,85
PTOC 51/67N
PTOC 51/67
PIOC
50/50N
PTOV 59/59N
RPSB 78
PSOF SOTF
PTTR 49
PTRC 94
RDRE 95DR
GGIO DTT
Add on
package
busbar &
breaker failure
protection
IEC
ANSI
PDIF
87B
RBRF 50/62BF
PTOC 51EFP
RDRE 95DR
PTRC 94
ABB Group
Option
package
IEC
RSYN
RREC
ANSI
25
79
Option
package
IEC
RSYN
RREC
ANSI
25
79
Add on
package
general
IEC
27
69
ANSI
TCS
Latch
Relay hardware
Main 1 RED670
16 binary inputs,
24 binary outputs,
6 analog voltage inputs
6 analog current inputs
1 C37.94 : 3 km 100 km
Main 2 REL670
16 binary inputs,
24 binary outputs,
1 C37.94 : 3 km 100 km
Bay unit REB500

16 binary inputs,
24 binary outputs,
Bay protection
solution
Bay protection solutions for transmission systems

Example for line protection
Line protection application
Transmission
Main protection functions
Typical hardware
Application
IED
ANSI
IEC61850
Physical
Communication
Main 1
RED670
1xCB - 1pTrip
87L, 21(3Z), 67N, 85, 50,

51, 59, 49, 79M, 79F,
25M, 25F
PDIF, PDIS, PDSE,

PSCH, PIOC, PTOC,
PTOV, PTTR, RREC,
RSYN
19 casing
1xBIM, 1xBOM,
1xIOM,1xTRM
6I + 6U ( Default)
1xOEM-IEC61850
1xLDCM-C37.94
Main 2
RED670
1xCB - 1pTrip
87L, 21(3Z), 67N, 85, 50,

51, 59, 49, 79M, 79F,
25M, 25F
PDIF, PDIS, PDSE,

PSCH, PIOC, PTOC,
PTOV, PTTR, RREC,
RSYN
19 casing
1xBIM, 1xBOM,
1xIOM,1xTRM
6I + 6U ( Default)
1xOEM-IEC61850
1xLDCM-C37.94
Main 1
RED670
1xCB - 1pTrip
87L, 21(3Z), 67N, 85, 50,

51, 59, 49, 79M, 79F,
25M, 25F
PDIF, PDIS, PDSE,

PSCH, PIOC, PTOC,
PTOV, PTTR, RREC,
RSYN
19 casing
1xBIM, 1xBOM,
1xIOM,1xTRM
6I + 6U ( Default)
1xOEM-IEC61850
1xLDCM-C37.94
Main 2
REL670
QuadDist-1CB-1pTrip
21(5Z), 67N, 85, 50, 51,

59, 49, 79, 25
PDIS, PDSE, PSCH,

PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,
PTTR, RREC, RSYN
19 casing
1xBIM, 1xBOM, 1xIOM,
1xTRM
6I + 6U (Default)
1xOEM-IEC61850
Main 1
REL670
QuadDist-1CB-1pTrip
21(5Z), 67N, 85, 50, 51,

59, 49, 79, 25
PDIS, PDSE, PSCH,

PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,
PTTR, RREC, RSYN
19 casing
1xTRM
6I + 6U (Default)
1xOEM-IEC61850
Main 2
REL670
QuadDist-1CB-1pTrip
21(5Z), 67N, 85, 50, 51,

59, 49, 79, 25
PDIS, PDSE, PSCH,

PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,
PTTR, RREC, RSYN
19 casing
1xTRM
6I + 6U (Default)
1xOEM-IEC61850
Short line
Medium line
Long line
ABB Group
Bay protection solutions for subtransmission and distribution

Example for line protection
Transformer protection
application
Subtransmission and distribution
Application
IED
ANSI
IEC61850
Physical
Communication
Main 1
RED615
87L, 50, 51, 49,

50/62BFP, 79
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTTR, RBRF
4U 179.8mm casing,
1 PSM (6BO),
1 BIO (8BI,4BO),
1 BIO (6BI, 3BO),
1 TRM (4I + 1U, 3BI)
1xIEC61850
67N, 50, 51, 49
PIOC, PTOC, PTTR
4U 179.8mm casing,
1 PSM (6BO),
1 BIO (8BI,4BO),
1 TRM (4I + 1U, 3BI)
1xIEC61850
21(3Z), 67N, 85, 50, 51,

59, 49, 79, 25
PDIS, PSCH, PIOC,

PTOC, PTOV, PTTR,
RREC, RSYN
4U 19 casing,
1 COM (14BI),
1 PSM (9BO),
1 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1 TRM (5I + 4U)
1xIEC61850
67N, 50, 51, 49
PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,

PTTR
4U 19 casing,
1 COM (14BI),
1 PSM (9BO),
1 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1 TRM (5I + 4U)
1xIEC61850
21(5Z), 67N, 85, 50, 51,

59, 49, 79, 25
PDIS, PDSE, PSCH,

PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,
PTTR, RREC, RSYN
6U 19 casing,
1 COM (14BI),
1 PSM (9BO),
2 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1TRM 5I + 5U
1xIEC61850
21(5Z), 67N, 85, 50, 51,

59, 49, 79, 25
PDIS, PDSE, PSCH,

PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,
PTTR, RREC, RSYN
6U 19 casing,
1 COM (14BI),
1 PSM (9BO),
2 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1TRM 5I + 5U
1xIEC61850
1-CB, 3-pole trip
Short / medium lines

Backup
Main 1
REF615
1-CB, 3-pole trip
REF630
1-CB, 3-pole trip
Medium / long lines

Backup
Main 1
REF630
1-CB, 3-pole trip
REL650
1-CB, 3-pole trip
Long lines
Main 2
ABB Group
Typical hardware
REL650
1-CB, 3-pole trip

Transformer protection concepts
ABB Group

Typical functionality
ABB Group
Two- and three-winding

applications
Stabilization of up to six inputs
Inrush current stabilization
Second harmonic
Waveform
Fifth harmonic stabilization at

overvoltage
Sensitivity influenced by tap

changer position
Selectable subtraction of zero

sequence currents
RET 670 Transformer Differential Protection
Transformer differential protection (PDIF, 87T)
Two-winding or three-winding
Two-winding variant up to 4 three-phase CT inputs
Three-winding variant up to 6 three-phase CT inputs

T2D1T2WPDIF
T3D1T3WPDIF
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT2
I3PW1CT2
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT2
I3PW2CT2
I3PW3CT1
I3PW3CT2
Two-winding connections
Single CT on both sides

T2D1T2WPDIF
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT2
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT2
Two-winding connections
2 CTs, on one or both sides

T2D1T2WPDIF
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT2
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT2
Functionality
Three-section operate/restrain characteristic
Highset unrestrained limit
Reset ratio 0.95

Idiff
Section
Section
Section
Settings:
Idunre
IdMin
IdUnre
Slope
Slope
Section
Section
EndSection1
EndSection2
SlopeSection2
Idmin
SlopeSection3
End
End
of
Section
of
Section
Ibias
Overview of traditional transformer differential protection function
Blocking
2nd
condition:
harmonic,
waveblock,
5th
&
harmonic
cross block
restrained
TRIP
unrestrained
START
Internal / External fault discriminator
Fault position (internal / external) can be determined by comparing the direction

of flow of the negative sequence currents on all sides of the transformer
This is done by simply determining the position of the source of the negative
sequence currents with respect to the zone of protection the source of the
negative sequence currents is at the point of fault
External fault: the negative sequence currents will have a relative phase
displacement of 180
Internal fault: the negative sequence currents will have a relative phase
displacement of about 0
Overview of unrestrained negative sequence differential protection in conjunction

with traditional transformer differential protection
Blocking
2nd
condition:
harmonic,
5th
&
harmonic
waveblock,
cross block
Neg Seq Int /
Ext Fault
internal
Discriminator
restrained
&
TRIP
unrestrained
START
RET 670 Restricted Earthfault Protection
Restricted earthfault protection (PDIF, 87N)
Up to three instances available
Low impedance type
Can be used on all directly or low impedance earthed windings
Up to 4 three-phase CT inputs
REF1REFPDIF_87N
I3P
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT2
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT2
Able to handle multiple circuit breaker applications as well as autotransformers in 1

CB applications
I3P
I3P
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT1
I3PW1CT2
I3PW1CT2
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT1
I3PW2CT2
I3PW2CT2
Functionality
Three-section operate/restrain characteristic

Idiff
Settings:
operate
2nd
IdMin
slope
100%
1st
Idmin
slope
restrain
70%
Ibias

Example for transformer protection
Transformer Protection
Application
Transmission
Typical hardware
Application
IED
ANSI
IEC61850
Physical
Communication
Group 1
RET670
4CTset-2wdg-1CB
LowImpREF
87T, 87N, 50, 51, 59,

49, 24
PDIF, PDIF, PIOC,

PTOC, PTOV, PTTR,
PVPH
19 casing,
1xBIM, 1xBOM, 1xTRM
9I + 3U (Default)
1xIEC61850
Group 2
4CTset-2wdg-1CB
LowImpREF
87T, 87N, 50, 51, 59,

49, 24
PDIF, PDIF, PIOC,

PTOC, PTOV, PTTR,
PVPH
19 casing,
1xBIM, 1xBOM, 1xTRM
9I + 3U (Default)
1xIEC61850
Group 1
6CTset-3wdg-2CB
LowImpREF
87T, 50, 51, 49,

24, 87N(HV), 87N(LV)
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTTR, PVPH, PDIF
19 casing
1xBIM, 1xBOM,
1xIOM,2xTRM
9I + 3U ( Default)
1xIEC61850
Group 2
6CTset-3wdg-2CB
LowImpREF
87T, 50, 51, 49,

24, 87N(HV), 87N(LV)
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTTR, PVPH, PDIF
19 casing
1xBIM, 1xBOM,
1xIOM,2xTRM
9I + 3U ( Default)
1xIEC61850
Group 1
Auto-Trafo-highImp per
phase
87T, 50, 51, 59, 24,

49, 50/62BFP, 52PD
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTOV, PTTR, PVPH,
RBRF, RPLD
19 casing,
1xBIM, 1xBOM, 1xTRM
9I + 3U (Default)
1xIEC61850
Group 2
Auto-Trafo-highImp per
phase
87T, 50, 51, 59, 24,

49, 50/62BFP, 52PD
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTOV, PTTR, PVPH,
RBRF, RPLD
19 casing,
1xBIM, 1xBOM, 1xTRM
9I + 3U (Default)
1xIEC61850
Two-windings
RET670
RET670
Three-windings
RET670
RET670
Autotransformers
ABB Group
RET670
Bay protection solutions for subtransmission and distribution

Example for transformer protection
application
Subtransmission and distribution
Typical hardware
Application
IED
ANSI
IEC61850
Physical
Communication
Group 1
RET630
87T, 87N, 50, 51, 49,

50/62BFP, 27, 59
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTTR, PVPH, RBRF
4U 19 casing, 1 COM
(14BI), 1 PSM (9BO),
1 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1 TRM (8I + 2U)
1xIEC61850
67N, 50, 51, 49
PIOC, PTOC, PTOV,

PTTR
4U 19 casing, 1 COM
(14BI), 1 PSM (9BO),
1 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1 TRM (5I + 4U)
1xIEC61850
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTTR, PVPH, RBRF
6U 19 casing, 1 COM
(14BI), 1 PSM (9BO),
2 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1 TRM (6I + 4U),
1 AIM (6I + 4U)
1xIEC61850
PDIF, PIOC, PTOC,

PTOV
6U 19 casing, 1 COM
(14BI), 1 PSM (9BO),
2 BIO (9BI, 9BO),
1 TRM (6I + 4U),
1 AIM (6I + 4U) (Default)
1xIEC61850
2-wdg. 1-CB
Two-windings
Backup
Group 1
REF630
single S/s, 1-CB
RET650
3-wdg. 1-CB
87T, 50, 51, 49,

50/62BFP
Three-windings
Group 2
ABB Group
RET650
3-wdg. 1-CB
87N, 50, 51, 50N, 51N,

24, 27, 59, 59N

Busbar protection concepts
ABB Group

Busbar protection
Typical functionalities
Differential protection with internal

zone selection
Check zone
Circuit breaker failure for each CT

input
Overcurrent protection for each

CT input
Typical busbar arrangements

Single busbar
Double busbar
Typical protection zones
=QB1
=QA1
=QB2
=QB1
=QB2
=QA1
Zone 1 for busbar 1

Zone 2 for busbar 2
ABB Group
1 breaker
=QB1
=QB2
=QA1
=QB1
=QA1
=QB2
=QB1
=QA1
=QB2
Busbar protection
Basic operating principles
Diff. low impedance
Diff. high impedance
Reverse blocking logic
Overcurrent
IEC61850
GOOSE
Operating Principle:
Operating Principle:
Operating principle:
Operating principle:
The differential protection is based on amperebalance by comparing currents entering and leaving
the protected zone
- A differential characteristic for operating and restraint
quantities is usually applied
The principle is based on the CT secondary current

circulating between involved current transformers and
not through the relay, due to its high impedance, which
is normally in the range of hundreds of ohms and
sometimes above a kOhm
The downstream IED sends a reverse blocking

GOOSE message to the upstream IED for external
faults. For internal faults the downstream IED does not
send the reverse blocking GOOSE message, and the
upstream IED can operate almost instantaneously.
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
Stabilized differential protection

- CT match by software
- Centralized or decentralized
Stabilizing resistor and varistor

- Can be used when the involved CT cores have the
same turn ratio and similar magnetizing characteristics
- Three functions can be used to provide a three-phase
differential protection
- Centralized
Instantaneous operation of upstream IED is difficult to

coordinate without logics with downstream IED
- Reverse blocking was based on hardwired I/Os
- Reverse blocking can use GOOSE messages
Solutions:
Solutions:
- RET670
- REC670
- REL670
- REG670
- RED670
Solutions:
Solutions:
All Relion product family

- 630 Series and 615 Series are
used in distribution, where this
solution may fit well
- 630 Series and 615 Series are
more cost effective
This solution is not

recommended, since
better performance can
be achieved by simple
application of GOOSE
messages
REB670 for centralized

- REB500 for decentralized
-
ABB Group
CTs are simply summed

Overcurrent based with
no interlocking
Used in past
Low cost solution
- Very sensitive to CT
saturation
-
Relion product family
One common tool for all Relion products: protection and control IED
Manager, PCM600
Covers all applications, from interconnected transmission grids to

secondary distribution kiosks
ABB Group
Generation, transmission and sub-transmission applications

Power distribution and industrial applications
Application
Type
670 series 650 series 630 series 615 series 610 series 605 series
Feeder protection & control
REF
Bay control
REC
RET
REL
RED
Motor protection
REM
Generator protection
REG
Busbar protection
REB
Breaker protection
REQ
Voltage protection
REU
Busbar protection
Relion and REB500/REB500sys
Decentralized (87B)
Centralized (87B)
Overcurrent (50)
REB500 / REB500sys
REB670
REF630 / REF615
A,B,C
Three phase
REB500
60 bay units BU03
32 protections zones
REB500sys
REB500 + bay protection
Possibility: 21, 25, 79, 67/67N, 87T, 49,

50/51, 27, 59, 46/47
Functionalities
End-fault protection
Overcurrent protection
Pole discrepancy protection
Neutral current detection
Event recording: 1000 (CU), 100 (BU)
Disturbance recording
Communication interface (IEC61850-8-1,

IEC60870-5-103, LON, TCP/IP)
ABB Group
Busbar Protection
Bay units
One phase
Central unit
3-Phase version
Two measuring zones
CBF & OC
4 or 8 bays
1-Phase version
Two measuring zones
CBF & OC
12 or 24 bays
630 Series
Busbar protection based on reverse

blocking (logic selectivity) by GOOSE
messages and overcurrent
615 Series
Busbar protection based on reverse
blocking (logic selectivity) by GOOSE
messages and overcurrent
Functionalities
4-stage, OC protection for each CT input
(one stage can be used for end-fault
protection)
Disturbance recorder
Event and trip value recorder
Event List 1000 signals
Communication (IEC 61850-8-1, SPA,

LON, IEC 103, DNP3.0)
Functionalities
The choice of 630 series or 615 series

depends on other requirements from the
feeder specification
Hardware and functionalities could be

different, but busbar protection principle
based on GOOSE messages and
overcurrent are strictly the same

REB670
REB670
Event recording
1-Phase version, two measuring zones
CBF & OC
IEC 61850-8-1, DNP 3.0, IEC 60870-5103, LON and SPA protocols
12 or 24 bays
One terminal per phase
Installations
1-2 busbars incl. transfer
bus
1 breaker configuration
24 bays
2 protections zones
Hardware Options
or 19 rack
Single- or three-phase version
ABB Group
3-Phase version, two measuring zones
CBF & OC
4 or 8 bays
2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
T1
Q0
Q0
Q0
T1
T1
T1
Q0
Q0
Q0
Q0
Q0
T1
T1
T1
T1
REB 670 3- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for single buses
ZA
ZB
ZA
Single
up
Single
Busbar
up
to 4/8 feeder bays
Bus with bus tie CB
to 3/7 feeder bays on each side
ZA
ZA
ZB
ZB
type station with bus-section CB
or
sectionalizing disconnector
Alternative
CT Location
connections
REB 670 3- Ph, BBP for 1 CB stations

ZA
ZB
Breaker Stations
up to 4 diameters
ZA
..
ZB
Breaker Stations
up to 8 diameters
REB 670 3- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for Double CB

stations
ZA
..
ZB
Double
Breaker Station
up to 8 feeders
Alternative
CT Location
REB 670 3- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for double buses
ZA
..
ZB
Double
and
Bus with bus-coupler CB

up to 6/7 feeder bays
ZA
..
ZB
Transfer
..
Bay
Bus
..
Double
Transfer
Isolator
replica in REB 670*1.0

by CAP 531 Configuration
Busbars with bus coupler CB and Transfer Bus

up
to 6/7 feeder bays

Optional
Measuring Point
Scheme Layout for Double Busbar; 2 Zones/7 feeders

700
ABB
EQUIPMENT
INCLUDED in the PANEL:
1 pcs 3 phase, Busbar protection terminal REB 670*1.0

-
two differential zones
check zone
eight BFP relays
eight OC feeder backup protection (EnFP)
internal disconnector replica logic
internal individual bay tripping logic
disconnector status supervision
Single-Phase Terminal; 12/24 Bays- Double Zone

Application
REB
2
Zones (A & B);
24
Bays
REB
2
Bays
REB
670; Ph-L3
Zones (A & B);
24
Bigger Buses (up to 12/24 bays per zone)
Single Busbar Stations (with Transfer Bus)
1 Breaker Stations
Double Busbar Stations (with Transfer Bus)
Load Transfer is included into the design
3 Terminals required for complete scheme
LDCM available to share binary IO
670; Ph-L2
Zones (A & B);
24
670; Ph-L1
Bays
Areas:
No
switching in CT secondary circuits
REB 670 1- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for single buses
ZA
..
Single
up
ZA
Single
11/23
ZA
Bus
Single
to 12/24 feeder bays
..
..
up
ZB
Bus with bus-section CB, up to
feeder bays (i.e. 12+11; 10+13 etc.)
..
..
ZB
Bus with bus-section disconnector
to 12/24 feeder bays (i.e. 12+12; 16+8 etc.)
ZA
Single
up
..
..
ZB
Bus with bus-section CB
to 11/23 feeder bays on each side
REB 670 1- Ph; BBP applications for 1 CB stations
ZA
ZA
..
ZB
ZB
..
Breaker Stations
up to 6 / 12 diameters
Breaker Stations
up to 12 / 24 diameters
REB 670 1- Ph, Complete BBP, BFP & EnFP for 1 CB Stations!
ZA
..
ZB
Bus
1
Diff, CB Fail & EnFP
Breaker Stations
up to 4/8 diameters
REB 670 1- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for Double CB

stations
ZA
ZA
..
..
ZB
ZB
Double
Breaker Station
up to 6 / 12 feeders
Alternative
Double
Breaker Station
up to 12 / 24 feeders
CT Location
REB 670 1- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for double buses
ZA
..
ZB
Double
up
Bus with bus-coupler CB

Isolator

Optional
Measuring Point
REB 670 1- Ph; BBP, BFP & EnFP for double bus &
transfer ZA
..
ZB
Transfer
..
Bus
..
.
Combined
Bus-Coupler
& Transfer Bay
ZA
..
ZB
Transfer
..
Bus-Coupler
Transfer
Bay
Bay
Bus
..
.
Isolator

Double
up
Busbars with Transfer Bus

Scheme Layout for Double Busbar; 2 Zones/22 feeders

700
EQUIPMENT
ABB
INCLUDED in the PANEL:
3 pcs 1 phase, Busbar protection terminal REB 670*1.0

-
two differential zones
check zone
24 BFP relays
24 OC feeder backup protection (EnFP)
internal disconnector replica logic
internal individual bay tripping logic
disconnector status supervision
Distributed busbar protection

REB500
REB500
Decentralized busbar protection
Installations
1 4 busbars incl. transfer bus
1 breaker configuration
Pole discrepancy protection
60 bay units BU03
Neutral current detection
32 protections zones
Event recording
Test generator
IEC61850-8-1, IEC60870-5-103, LON,

TCP/IP
2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q0
Q0
Q0
T1
T1
T1
Q0
Bay unit and central unit with optional

redundant power supply
ABB Group
Central unit with optional 2nd I/O

board
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q0
Q0
Q0
T1
T1
T1
T1
2
Q1
Q1
Q0
Hardware options
Q2
T1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
T1
Q0
Q0
Q0
T1
T1
T1
Q0
Q0
Q0
Q0
Q0
T1
T1
T1
T1
Distributed station protection

REB500sys
REB500sys
REB500sys functionality = REB500 +
Distance protection (21)

Auto-reclose (79), synchrocheck (25)
Directional sensitive EF prot. for grounded
systems (67N), ungrounded or compensated
systems (32N)
Transformer differential protection 2-/3 w &
Auto Transformer (87T) and Thermal
overload (49)
Over and undercurrent protection (50),
Definite / Inverse time over and undercurrent
protection (51), inverse time earth fault
overcurrent protection (51N)
Definite time over and undervoltage
protection (59/27), directional overcurrent
definite / inverse time protection (67)
Current / voltage unbalance (46/47)
Main 2
Bay unit
The bay protection works

completely independently of the
central unit
ABB Group
Main 1
Main 1
TRIP
Optimized solution
Main 2 /
Bay unit
TRIP
Bay protection solution

Transmission, double busbar
Feeder
voltage Level
Functionality /
protection concept
=QA1
=QB1
=QB9
=QC9
=Q1
Central Unit
=QB1
ANSI
87B
Central unit
19 casing
12 BI
9 BO
=QA1
=QB1
=QB9
=QC9
=Q2
Bay Unit
=QB1
=QA1
=QB1
=Q3
=QB1
=QB1
=QB1
=QA1
ABB Group
IEC
PDIF
Relay hardware
IEC
RBRF
PTOC
PIOC
ANSI
50/62BF
51 EFP
51
Bay unit
4I standard
20 BI
16 BO
Bay protection
solution

Example for busbar protection
application
Transmission
Application
IED
Central unit
Bay unit
Bay Unit 4CTs

Diff-BFP
Three-phase
REB670
Typical hardware
ANSI
IEC61850
Physical
Communication
Central Unit 2-30 bay

units
87B
PDIF
19 casing
1xIEC61850
REB500
87B, 50/51,
50BF, 95DR
PDIF, PTOC,
RBRF, RDRE
(classic) or
1/3 (standalone)
19 casing
to central unit
87B, 50/51,
50BF, 95DR
PDIF, PTOC,
RBRF, RDRE
19 casing (2-TRMs),
2 BIM, 1 BOM,
2TRM 12I
1xIEC61850
87B, 50/51,
50BF, 95DR
PDIF, PTOC,
RBRF, RDRE
19 casing (1-TRM),
2 BIM, 1 BOM,
1 TRM 12I
1xIEC61850
REB500
Decentralized
Busbar-diff-central-3p
Centralized
Single-phase
ABB Group
REB670
Central-1p-Busbar
diff (3units)
Bay Control solutions
ABB Group
Control de Aparatos
Caractersticas
Operacin de aparatos primarios.
Principio de operacin de alta seguridad

Select-before-operate
Funcin de seleccin y reservacin para

prevenir operacin simultnea.
Seleccin y supervisin de estado de la

botonera L/R.
Supervisin de Comandos.
Operacin bloqueada/desbloqueada.
Actualizacin de indicacin de posicin

bloqueada/desbloqueada.
Sustitucin de indicaciones de posicin.
Priorizacin de funciones de interbloqueo.
Priorizacin de funciones de synchrocheck.
Supervisin de discordancia de polos.
Contador de Operaciones
Control de Aparatos
Bloques de Funcin
IEC
QCBAY
SCSWI
61850
-QB1
SXCBR
SXCBR
SXCBR
-QA1
SCILO
SCSWI
SCILO
SXSWI
-QB9
Control
Aparatos
Switch Local/Remote
Control
Aparatos
Ejemplo de configuracin
Generator Protection Solutions
ABB Group
REG670 protection and guard

HV
SYSTEM
The
power station
STEP
ROOM
UP
LV
TRANSFORMER
HV-
CONTROL
SWITCHGEAR
BREAKER
AC & DC
AUXILIARY
SYSTEMS
CONTROL
SYSTEMS
AUX.
TRANSF.
GOVERNOR
GENERATOR
1
BREAKER
PTs
&
SYNCHRONIZING
CTs
EXCITATION
SYNCHRONOUS
TURBINE
SYSTEM
GENERATOR
STAR
POINT
CUBICLE
EXCITATION
TRANSFORMER
Typical configuration of a power plant

Substation
Busbar in Substation
HV - Breaker
Power plant
Main Transformer
Auxiliary Transformer
Generator Breaker
Excitation Transformer
Excitation System
Turbine valve
Turbine - Generator
Earthing System
Field Circuit Breaker
Typical power plants layouts
Generator earthing systems
Resistive
grounded
Isolated
Grounding
transformer
(neutral)
Grounding
transformer
(terminal)
Generator Protection
Faults
Stator earth faults
Rotor earth faults
Stator short sircuits
Stator/rotor interturn faults
External faults
Generator protection
Abnormal operating condition
overcurrent/overload
unbalanced load
overtemperature
over- and undervoltage
over- and underexcitation
over- and underfrequency
over-fluxing
asynchronous running
out of step
generator motoring
failures in the machine control system (i.e.

AVR or governor failure)
failures in the machine cooling system
failures in the primary equipment (i.e.

breaker head flashover)
open phase
Allocation of protection functions
59
32 Reverse power
81O/U Frequency
Over-voltage
24V/f
Turbine
49S
51V
87 Differential
Over-fluxing
Stator Over-load
Voltage/over-current
64S
Earth fault stator

Inter-turn
46 Unbalance
27/50
40 Loss of excitation
78 Pole slipping
64R Earth fault rotor
49R Rotor overload
Rotor
Stator
Dead Machine
ABB Group

01 Global Sales Program - Protection Solutions - Rev50

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01 Global Sales Program - Protection Solutions - Rev50

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David Pauta, Power Systems

Global sales program

Bay protection solutions

Line protection concepts

Transformer protection concepts

Busbar protection concepts

Communication and GOOSE in protection systems

Trends and potentials

Retrofit of protection systems

Marketing and sales

Competitors in protection field

Bay protection solutions

Bay protection solutions

The failure of any object in the network cannot be allowed to cause a

The damage to the faulted object shall be limited

The disturbance on consumer-level shall be kept to a minimum

The protection system must present:

Bay protection solutions

Bay protection solutions

Bay protection solutions

The first generation

Bay protection solutions

The second generation

Bay protection solutions

Bay protection solutions

Tecnology based on microprocessors

Multi-function protection capability, including control, monitoring, etc.

Event and fault recorders

Measurement A, V, kW, kVA, kVAr, kWh, kVAh, kVArh, PF, etc.

Bay protection solutions

IEC 61850 compliant

Extensive function library and powerful hardware

Fast and reliable Ethernet communication

Efficient engineering and handling

Bay protection solutions

Transformer differential protection, two windings

Line differential protection

Transformer differential protection, three windings

Busbar differential protection

Restricted earth fault protection, low impedance

Generator differential protection

Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection

Motor (machine) differential protection

Four step directional phase overcurrent protection

Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection

Power swing detection

Four step directional residual overcurrent protection

Breaker failure protection

Thermal overload protection

Negative sequence based overcurrent function

Residual overvoltage protection

Synchrocheck, energizing check, and synchronizing

Bay protection solutions

Bay protection solutions

Traditional protection requirements

New additional requirements

Fast clearance of faults

Optimized, pre-designed protection solutions

Avoid heavy damages to primary and

Prevent cascading trips & keep power losses

Flexible realization of protection philosophy

Reliable protections schemes to achieve

Fully modeled schemes according IEC 61850

Bay protection solutions