Hồi Ký Hoàng Văn Hoan (Nguyên UVBCT,Phó Chủ Tịch Quốc Hội Việt Nam)

24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
GitNcTrongBinC
HongVnHoan(19051991)
LiNiu
CchmngVitNamktnm1858thcdnPhpnhchimNngchonnm1975dinhlycuicngcaquclSiGnchonton
giiphng,tnhralmttrmmibynm.lmtthigiandidcnhndnVitNamsngtrongvngkhnndoqucgynn.cngl
thigiandidcmnhndnVitNamkinquytutranhginhclpchoTqucphongtronybdptt,phongtrokhclinhmln,ngi
trcngxung,ngisauvnxcti,hngtriungibtratnkmkpnitngcvhysinhtrongcccucchinu.CuicngHChtchda
vonguyntcchnghaMcLninvkthpvitnhhnhthctncnh,vchramtnglicchmngngnonktcttclc
http://www.vietnamvanhien.net/giotnuoctrongbienca.html
1/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
lngyunccatondnvtranhthsngtnhcanhndntinbthgii,thcchmngVitNammihonthnh,tncVitNammitht
scgiiphngvthngnht.
Lmtngidnmtnc,trongqutrnhtmhiucchmng,tichunhhngsusccanhngnhcchmngtinbinhTrngCngnh,
PhannhPhng,HongHoaThm,PhanBiChu,PhanChuTrinh,v.vcuicngcsgiodccaHChtch,titrctipthamgiacch
mngtnm1926.Nhngsutmychcnmthamgiacchmng,khngbaogitinghnchuynvithikngaynhngnmcngtcHNi,
Bannghinculchsngthngnhctivithikghilinhnghotngcamnh,mtphntronghotngcang,tivnkhngnhvit,v
snggpcamnhivicchmngchngquachlmtgitncgiabincmthi.
NhngquahnhaiminmlmvicgngiviLDun,ticbitrLDunlmtkmmutlichcnhnvbcnhlntrnlichca
dntc,cbitlnhngnmtrcvsaukhiHChtchmt,ticbitnhnghotngxuxanguyhimcay,nhvicchonquynng,vic
xuyntclchs,vicngvintonblclngchngTrungQucvxmchimCampuchia,lnhngvicphnchnghaMcLnin,phncch
mng,phnlichcadntc,caTquc.
Quanhnthc,tithycnphivithik,khngphichnilnsnggphtscnhbcamnhivicchmng,mchyuniln
chtrngnglivviclmcaHChtchtrongccthikhotngquamtssviccth,ngthinuramtssthttrongqutrnh
cchmngbLDunctnhchelp,xanhahocxuyntc,saunynhngngicquantmncchmngVitNamcththamkho,
khngbbnbibtcaLDunlagt.
Cunhiknygmbyphn:
PhnthnhtTrnngtinticchmng,vittheosyucucaPhngtruynthngxnh,xQunhi,huynQunhLu,tnhNghAn.
PhnnygiPhngtruynthngx,giBannghinculchsngNghTnh,nayvnginguyn,nhngcihaichDothithnhhaich
Tthitrongcuivingngimcabn.Vicsachanyscgiithchrkhidnncuinytrongphn.
PhnthhaiNhngnmthnghotngcchmngXim.
PhnthbaNhngnmthnghotngcchmngTrungQuc.
PhnthtNhngnmthngtrcvsauCchmngThngTm.
PhnthnmNhimvmiChnhnmtscngtchingoi.
PhnthsuNhngnmthnglibiuChnhphvibiuTrungngngtiTrungQuc.
PhnthbyCchmngVitNamvisphnbicaLDun.PhnnynilnnhngsthttrongqutrnhLDunchuynbintmtngicch
mngthnhmtngiphnbicchmngvinhngnguynnhnnitivngoitican.NguynnhnnitilbnthnLDunkhngtcito
mnhphcvlichcchmngmlimunlidngcchmnghngnngcaoavvdanhvngcamnh,khngquantmnisngcanhn
dnmlimunlidngscmnhcanhndnhngbinVitNamthnhmtncbchkhuvc.Nguynnhnngoitildomtsngilnho
LinXvittngsvanhncln,dngmithonpbucccnctrongigianhxhichnghavccnganhemphituntheo
2/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
chtrng,nglicamnh,aikhngnghethkch,thphnhanib,nghnhmnyhbnhmkia,thmchckhicnuyhipbnglc
lngquns,hngttimcchlmbchthgii.Vimcch,ngilnhoLinXsdngLDuntrongmutoanxydngmtcn
cqunsmnhngDngchngTrungQucvmphmvinhhngcamnhxungphaNamThiBnhDngvnDng.
Ngoiphnchnhracncmtphnphlcghilillchtmttvmtshotngcthcabnthnti.
Cunhiknyvittronglcphisuynghnhiuvicquantrngkhc,tronghoncnhthiutiliugcttrongnc,tronghoncnhsckhebhn
ch,nnchcthvitnhngntlnmtcchngngn.Saunynucdptmctiliuthamkhoyhn,choncnhtthnthsbsung.
CunhiknyvittlngknhmnvcngiviHChtch,ngilnhtvicadntcnytngrnluynnnmtingcnbht
lnghtscphcvnhndn,xydngnnmtiquntrungving,hiuvidn,nhimvnocnghonthnh,khkhnnocngvtqua,k
thnocngnhthng.
Cunhiknyvittlngknhmnvcngiviccvcchmngtinbivttcnhngngianhhngvdanhhysinhtrongcccucu
tranhginhclpvtinbxhiVitNamsuthnmtthk.ngthitlngbitnivinhngngibnquctngtnhngh
nhndnVitNamtrongcucutranhgiiphngdntc.
Cunhiknyvitcngtlngnhthngivingibngilngithamgiacchmngtnhngnm1929,1930,tlngnhthng
ivingicontrai,ngiconduvbaachuhinangbbnLDunhmhitrongnc.
Trongqutrnhvithik,ticcccquannghincutnhhnhVitNamtiBcKinhcungcpmtstiliuthamkhonh:Ccthschbo
chVitmcquanlutrmtstiliugccaQucdnngTrungQucvcchotngcaHChtchkhiLiuChunm19421943,vic
HChTchgpTlnhkhngqunMChenntt[1]vcchotngkhcCnMinhnm1945mtstiliuvcuchimVitPhp
Phngtenblnm1946,vcuchimVitMParinm19681972v.vlnhngtiliuthamkhocckquantrng.Quasthamkho
nhngtiliummtssvictrckiatichbitith,nayccncchcchnghilitronghikmtcchrrng,y.iviti,
lmtsgiptntnhvhtscqubu.Nhndpxutbntphik,tixintlicmnsuscvchnthnh.
HongVnHoan
Thng2nm1986BcKinh
Phn1:
Trnngtinticchmng
Thituitr
3/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
SinhratrongmtgianhnhnhongholngQunhi,tnhNghAn,tuitrcatikhnglyglmhnhphc.Chatiquanhnmdyhccc
tnhBck,chnTtmivvigianhvibatunriliibinbit.Mtivaynliibungnhla,gnhlabntnchL,chSy,ch
HongMai,cchlngmimycys,ggyrai,timtmivnnh.Nlirtnng,cunmvaymttrmquan,thcuinmphitrmt
trmbamiquan.Cnhngnm,bamiTtchatrn,mphitrnhranhngngoi,nhngchnvntmnnirochi.Lithmtptc
phongkin,mtilnnnhncacnhmchngnngdu,khngmyhmkhibmngchi,hnhh.
Cnhnhchngvuivg,nnkhitilnsutui,mtiginhngngoihcchHn.By,tmtuitheongngoiihccchuynHong
Ha,ThXunmimttuitheongdngihchuynThiuHamihai,mibatuitheongbcihchuynQungHa.Cchuynk
trnuthuctnhThanhHa.
Thigianhcvingbc,tibtucshiubitchttngoischv.Bctilmhngs,dycchnholnchqucngtrnglngH
Nam,huynQungHa,tnhThanhHa.Tihckhnglyglmthngminh,chcchtuimlvitchttvcschrnhmch.Bcti
thngboticboTrungBctnvnvikhictruynKiuchobctinghe.BctigiichHnvhckhrng,nhiukhikchotinghe
nhngcuchuynvncNhtduytn,nnayticnnhimunh:
Nhtcngiphngnhntintiu,gpngilci,cicihlucancNhtlicngiphngnhntinkhc,gpngilkhc,
khccilchucancNht.
ThanhninncNhtnhiungisaysacngcucduytn,quytlmchoncgiumnh.Cmtchngthanhninmmisuynghvicduy
tn,nniclnanhtaciqunliquasuiricthmi,quncmcqun,innhbnmiscnhra.
NhtcXungthinthng,cTohitu.Xungthinthngnghaenldychctri,clnidythp,dyin.Tohitunghaen
lchiqutbin,cllnituqutthylihayltunhc.
4/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
Lunsubynmtri,mtichotiihcxanhvyiuctyulmunchoconhcthnhnginhngcngcnldonalconkhiphichu
cicnhthiunocatuitrvcngbtcmingnchogianh.
Nmtilnmibntui,bnimt,nhlmncngkhhntrc,chatinghdyhcmynmspxpvicgianh,ngthichotinh
kmcpchotiptchcchHnvicHnT,mtngibch.CHnlnginhohcrtgii,nhngnkhoathibquantrngnhhngch
vkhngvitcchqucng,thchmccholdobnTybytra,khngthmhc.Bnhhng,ckhiunintnkinhHu,ccc
quanxtlivlyvt,chotti.
ThicHndyhc,chkhoacvncn,nhngcchthayi.Hctrithikhngphithilmth,phbngchHnnhtrc,mphithi
lms,tu,dvlunvnbngchHn,ngthicnphilmlunvnbngchqucng.(Shoctulnhngbivndoccquantrongtriunh
vitdnglnnhvua.Dlnhngbivncanhvuavitdybokhuynnhtriunhhocnhndn.Lunvnlbibnhlunvmtvnno
doccquanchmtrngnura).Nidungccbithithngcpntimi,chonnngiithiphitmcschmi,chyulnhngsch
bngchHnmTrungQucxutbntronghi.TrongmtlphcchHnlngquholnhnhlpcacHnTmcngthngclcbnh
nhngbivncmtnidungninLThoa(Rousseau),Mnhc(Montesquieu),BiCn(Bacon),VcaLi(Victoria),iBBcHong
(PierreleGrand),NPhLun(Napolon),HoaThnhn(Washington)v.vlnhngnhnvtlmnnsnghipln,ccoilanhhngca
thii.
Tuyvy,ivinhngbivn,ththycngnhbnthngchtmtckhenvcchtcuti,dngchgii,intchmi,ipchtchv.v
Vvymtrongthigianny,tuycbitthmmtskinthcmi,nhngttngtivnngngtrtrongkhunkhvnbi,thicmthi.
Nm1918lnmckhoathiHngcuicng,nhngcHncnboticcgnghckhoasauithi.
Sangnm1919,nhnckhoathiHicuicng,cbitchclkhngcnkhoacna,thchatimichochuynsanghctrngPhpVit.
TrngPhpVitmhuynlcchlngtihnbacys.LngQunhtuyngho,nhngctruynthnghamhc,shctrtheohctrngPhp
Vithuynctignbnchcngi.Nhiugianhnghomycngcchoconihc,nukhngutthcngctnhiuchngha,saunyi
dyhc,hockimnghlmnkhc.
ThigiantichuynsanghctrngPhpVit,ttngcngvnlhcthicnhngvcchhcikhcnhiu,khngphiviuvong
schvvvnbi,cnghchnht,cnghh,nncthgitipxcvinhiungitronglng,tronghuynvbtuhiuctnhiuv
nhngcuchuynthith.
LngQunhcnhiungihcgii,lilmtlngnghoniting,ngiikimnkhpbnphng,vvytuycchthnhphln,cchthnhph
Vinh60cys,cchthtrnThanhHa80cys,nhngcmilinhkhrngri,tnhinthnhmtnirtnhytintcvtphpcnhiu
chuynngtrong,ngngoi.NgitathnghaybnkhonhngcuchuynchngPhpckhuchivthnbha,nhchuyniQuyn,
iPhncphptnghnh,hkhinobittincchuitheothmcmtbtnc,bcialntrnrinimphchvbcquabtncl
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giotnuoctrongbienca
trnhcnn.NhngcuchuynvVnThn,vThm,vngKinhNghaThccngcngitabnkholun.
BnthnlngQunhcnglnictruynthngutranhcchmng.NgitathngknchuynngNhoQubchm,ngabgicbntrnb
sngDinh,vknchuynnhngnginngdndngcm,nhngCuTo,bltrngbticngquanhuyn,ngtanithngviquanhuyn:
Contnhngikhngkhingcngchoai,naynglbtcngquanthconphilm,nhngnhauvaichukhngni,csinhvicgthxinquan
thati.Quanhuynsthngnynnhqungmnhchng,linboltrngthayngikhc.
LinhngHSikhngbitch,dmtnguynralmltrngtronglclngkhuytltrngmkhngnginodmralm.nglml
trnghunhthngnocngbquanhuynncranh,btkhaibonhngngitronglngtrntheogic.nhbaonhiu,ngcngchnimt
cu:Tikhngnuich,hphiikimn,tikhngngncvcngkhngbitlhiu.Khilmltrngcngnhkhithiltrng,
ngvnlmtnginngdnlaong.
Ngitacngkchuynnhngngcthirimkhngchuralmquan.ngHKhoanhcgiinhngithilmthubilytin,cnngth
vitthubichoquantrngnhhngngHngHongPhbng,ralmtrihuyn,nhngchngTynnbcchchcv.v
cbitldnlngninhiuvgianhcHBn,nsttnhNamnh,hysinhnm1883trongtrnchngPhpgithnhNamnh.Concca
clHBKinthamgiaphongtroVnThn,bqucbtgiamribnchtLaoBo.ConthhailHThcLinhucnhn,cnghngng
phongtrochngPhp,khibbt,quctmmthaulntratn,ngthnnhintngilnmmthaunngtgandcamnh.Emduclb
La,cthcoilmtnkitcalngQunhi.BthngilitNghAnraYnThchpmilinlcgiaphongtroNghTnhviThm.
Nhiulngpnguyhim,budngmutrthottaych.nkhibsali,qunthtratndman,bvnkhngkhai.Milnspphin,bnhai
mtccthucloto,lmngisaymm.Tnhra,bchkula:ngchalmquanlmgmtichoconchuthny.Bnquantratnbngheni
nhchcvotim,ngthicngkhngcchngcgbucti,chngnhphithb,giaovaphngqunthc.Bgicontraicamnhl
HHcLmchophongtrongdu,itheocPhanBiChuquaNht,risauvTrungQuc.ChuchtncaclHBCtcHTngMu,
nm1919xutdnghotngcunc,gynhhngsusctronglpthanhnincchkhcalngQunh.
Ngoinhngngitrongtnglphcsinh,thygioctmhuytvchcchmngrnt,nhngngiHnhclngQunhcngcnhngngi
khthi.Trongkhigiaoduvih,tithngcnghenhiubith,cuicngha,ckhictraotaymnvcccschtinb.
Vthvn,nnayticnnhmtsbi,tuycbikhngbitrtcgilai,vcngkhngbitcthtngnguynvnkhng,nhnglcnghe
cnhthnothbygicghilinhth:
ThuxThictrckhibchm:
Bahilnhgicthngchakip,
Mtnhtgmaomi.
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giotnuoctrongbienca
Sngltngmnhbaquncy,
Chtcngthnthingmtgctri.
CuichiCaoNgcL:
VakhmaiCaoNgcL,
HuthinbttTngDuyTn.
Tmdch:
KhngtchnCaoNgcL,
CtrichngchtTngDuyTn.
TngDuyTnTins,cttngchngPhp.CaoNgcL,hctrcaTngDuyTn,mtbonhnghotngcchmngcaTngDuy
TnviPhp,nnTngDuyTnbxchm.
Cuiiungimcabnmimt:
TonqucvThiTychinam,toilinhnkit
tiutrm,otbtluTthibt.
ngbodVitnamvimu,ngthanhhng
thngkhc,ctanghptrcMniy.
Tmdch:
NamgiinhThiTylai,chonkit
mchm,nchtkhngghischTthi
ngbolyVitNamlmm,nglcanhhng
gokhc,tangnnmcoMni
ThiTychccncphngTy,chyulccncchuu.NamgiinhThiTylainiphngTy,namgiitntrngphn,
nctathkhngnhth.
Tthi(Kossuth18021894)lmtanhhngdntcHunggari.Trongtphikcamnh,ngninhiuncngngiodccangi
m.[2].
Cuimngngibnthinhnguyn:
PhgipHng,huynhtHi,qunhukhi
nh,khoahonnhtgiat,bchtrinhn,
qucsngqunnanhcth?
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giotnuoctrongbienca
PhanthNht,ngluhi,Ngthngt
ngc,kymythinlngoi,hongthnhhith,
cmbohoahtvhnh?
Tmdch:
ChalThkhoa,anhlPhbng,ngilinh
nguyn,khoahonringmtnh,rngmtvingi,
lcncnvuanhiunth?
PhanquaNhtBn,ngyCnLn,Ngvnt
ngc,xchxingngoinghndm,quayuvnc,
hthoaogmnghlmsao?
CuinylybanhtrthcyunclThkhoaPhanBiChuanghotngNht,PhbngngNguynCnvTinsNgcK
angbgicPhpgiamCno,khugilngyunccangimithi.
CuikhcNguynThiBt:
Btlmtngixutdngvohingdu,sauvhngPhp.BtkhngthiHngmcNamtriuchothiHi,Honggip,rilmquan,
ctluthBtcht.Khicnbgiam,cngicongihngcmthngacmchoy,saucrat,rilynhau.Ngitaemnhngcu
chuyngighmtrongcuirtcnhnhsau:
Xutdk,tudk,itiungcnhk,
khaimcdinthnhbihkch.
Tibtt,tbtt,phqulainht,
ciquannannhtckimbnh.
Tmdch:
Racngk,vcngk,itiungcngk[3],
tnkchbunvui,snkhummnxemr.
Tikhngcht,tkhngcht,giusangnmcht,
libnkimc,quantiynpnhchaxong.
ThPhanChuTrinhchibnquantrng:
Thcchiudnhtkhng,
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giotnuoctrongbienca
Giangsnvlkhcanhhng.
Vndnnlcngquynh,
Btc[4]vnchngtymngtrung.
Trngthbchnincamtham,
Bttrihnhtxutlaolung?
Chqunvttvtmhuyt,
Bnghngtthicnhtthng!
Tmdch:
Nhnlicucithytrngkhng,
Giangsnrolkhcanhhng.
Mundnnldiquynmnh,
Tmvvnchnggiagicnng.
Trnkipnhcamngichimng,
Baogimithotcnhchunglng?
Ccngichachckhngtmhuyt,
Hycthnythnthng!
Theongitruyntng,thlcPhanChuTrinhithi,quantrngrabithulChthnhthngthnhnghallngchthnhcthlmcho
Thnhthngcm,lychthnglmvn.PhanChuTrinhlmbithtrnchichng.
Ngoinhngthvnkhngkhinhth,thiknycncmtsschcmcaPhanBiChuvmtvicuncaLngKhiSiunhTrungQuc
hn,caKhangHuVinhBinphpthnglun,v.vthngcbmtchuynquataynhngngiyuncnnhbLalngQunh,m
ticngcclctuychahiususcg,nhngbitsuynghrngmnhphicmtltng,philmgcunc,gipimnhtl
bithPhanChuTrinhchibnquantrnglmchotichnghtvichchnhtronglcbygi.Hctrnghuyntithykhngcngha,ch
mongsaohcmauhtlpcdpvngvy,baynhycaoxahn.
[1]ClaireL.Chennault(18901958)BT
[2]HaichTthiy,trckiatrongbngichoPhngtruynthngxQunhivBannghinculchsngNghTnhuvitlDo
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giotnuoctrongbienca
thi,lkhngng.Naysali.
[3]Ralxutdng,vluhng,ingkhoalth,Tiungkhoallyv.
[4]BtclmtlivnchngccaTrungQuc.Btccnghaenltmv.
II.Mcxutdng
Nm1923,ctinnanhHTngMuxutdngtmynmtrcbmtvncvcghqualngQunh,tinnycnglmchotisuyngh,
ngympiumc:Phixutdngtmngcchmng.
Mahnm1923,ttnghipshcPhpVit,nhngtikhngthathitgvichchnhna.Thngtmnmy,nhiuanhemhcsinhlngtithivo
trngtrunghcVinh,higiltrngQuchc.TicngiVinh,mnclychngchsckhexinthivoQuchc,nhngthtralnghe
ngngxemcmanhmigvcchmngkhng,chkhngnpnithi.Hmthixong,khictinbovlngQunhcsungivohcQuchc,
thticnangbngsnnh,mtngT[1]tronglngmngtilkhngchmchhchnh,khngbitlpch.
Thtracichcatikhngthnicngai.Trongsbnhc,chcanhNguynNhuvanhDngnhThylngithnghaytms.Nhnghai
anhnyvahchtlpnhtphibiHnghcnghdtri.
TikhngthivotrngQuchc,thchatibtnpnxinvotrngQuctgimHu,ylmttrngchuynotolpquanlimiphc
vchochbohvNamtriu,nnaimunthilphicquanhuynstichngthc.Hmlnhuynxinchngthc,tntrihuynxemnthy
tnchatilHongMinhKha,hntnglmlmtngichcdchgiutronghuyncngctnlMinhKha,nnrtvnv.Sauhirahnbitl
khngphi,nnkhngchochngnhnvuitira.ThltikhiphithivoQuctgim.
chatiynlng,tithngchmchcsch,ckhitmccmtsschcvthng.
Mahnm1924,tinpnthivotrngsphmNamnhnhngthihng,tiphiraBckimmtnidytrlngTrungSn,tngKinhTriu,
huynThyNguyn,tnhKinAn,bncnhlngMySn,nichatidychHn.Ttnmy,lnutintimangvchomcbachcbctinTt
cahctr.Mtirtmng.
unm1925,tiliiThyNguynnhnglnnythcdnPhpbtcctrngtphixinphpmicdy.Chacphngkgkhc,tinh
phimingltrngcconhcviticnglnhuynxinphp.Vohuynngnpn,tntrihuynkhngthmxem,hnhthmborangoi
nhbnnholivitnkhc.Tiiquanhiuchngnhngkhngaivitgip.Lcngiltrngckinhnghimvicquan,lytbcgiymt
nggpvotronglnlcny,bocthemnp,quanhuynngisnhn.Thtvy,khitntrihuynginra,thyngbc,hnlinnhnn
vbo:Hyvchquansc.
Bygimibit:Thrattcminginnpnhuynuphimttinnhth,vicnhthmtng,viclnthnm,bang.Mtnginng
dnvcconbcht,philnhuynbochtxinphpvchn,cngphinpmtngbcvotrongn.
10/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
Quanhuynchpnri,tiilangthangxemcnh,thycnghuyncmtcuichHn,rtticlungy,naychnhcmtv:Thnmn
nhth,bnghthuthychngthntm,nghalCa quan th ng nh ch, nhng lng quan th nh nc ma thu ng ci bnh trong nh
bng.Mamaithay!
RihuynngvTrungSn,bngvnnghrngmnhcbitchHn,chqucng,licbngshcPhpVit,chcthnocngcphpdy,
nncbohctrnhcnhthng.Khngngcvitunthcgiyquanhuynscvphingcatrng.ThlvicdyhcThy
Nguynchmdt.
TilitrvQunhi,cngvimtsanhemcngchhngtmcchhotng.
*
TnhtrngQunhibygivntrtr,btc.Nhndnlaongsngnghokh.Lpnhnhocrtvhutrng,chbitrungitmnvci
tQunhivnvtlpngihcmicngchlovchuynthicmicnnhngngicchkhtrckianaycngimhilngting,nhchu
btay,cngichnimranghinngpthucxi.
BilunTrungthnlmthngtilmtrongkhitranhthhcthmchHnvimtnggio,nilntnhtrngbtc.nggiolmtngini
tinghaychtronglngQunhthibygi.Mthm,ngrachotibilunTrungthnlmthng(NgmcnhpxmTrong),vimungilnmt
bcvvngivcnhmngcholp.
Slttrcnnay,ccctronglngthngtntngcivpcalngQunhvicuNamthinthngaQunhnht.Theocccthlng
Qunhi,phaNamcniYnMhnhnhciynngaphaBcvngBtHcLnTnphaTycniHinhSnhnhnhcibng,lGip
bngphangcniQuiSncnghnhnhcibng,ltbngtronglngthcCnBt,CnNghinvphaNamxahnYnMlni
Hung,niThhnhnhhailc.DocccktlunrnglngQunhinhiungihchnhthilnhcihnhthalnhvy.Ringvng
giothrtthchcicnhchNi,ycmthiubnthucBc,vihiumayvmtqunru,cchiunthngitahayttpbntn
chuynny,chuynn.Cnnhngngicttngmivtinbthlikhngtincithuytalyvkhngthchcikiuttpbntnnhmnh.
Vvykhinhnubivlm,timunnhndpphthuykincamnhphphn.
BilmbngchHn,tmdchnhsau:
BnvngmcnhpxmTrong
Khchcmtngi:Thnkhngcaoln,mtthiuygitrngngpburu,nonncytith,clhoathmlnithchth,niksng
plchnnhnnh.
MthmgpnhauchNi,khchchptayvvitimhirng:ylnino?Titha:ylxmTrong,lngQunhi.Khchbnmmci:
NghenicnhptriNam,QunhilbcnhtxmTrongltQunhi,chchnkhngthiugcnhp,vycthchchobitmtvi
11/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
chnhndpquaythngthcchttcchng?
i!Linicakhchllinig?Giphngccbngplctngtnhthchccnglngtngchabitbytrasaogiipccuninghe
raclmthcthvl.Maysaolc,ticlinhtnhxuigic,ipcvtrichy,khchlihnhnhcmthyhpl,imlngmnghe.My
linhsau:
QunhitkhilQunhinnay,hnnmtrmnm.QuacciTrn,L,riNguyntriu,ngigiikhinksaoxitktriquabaocuc
bdunhinti,anhhngchskhnglcnokhng.Citcngitacholp,chnhlnhcngimsinhpvy.Vxtvmtal
th:NiNgachuphaNam,LnTnchephaBc,HinhSnlGipbng,tbngyQuiSnnghinbtsnsng,cqutchnhchin.Qunhi
thtlcnhptriNamvy.Nhngvnckhithnh,khisuyiclctt,lcxu.NgynayninQunhi,saokhilmchongitasinhlng
ngmngi.Nivtth:NonRang,raThckhngcntutmngthing [2]niNganmkia,ngaHchngmngkugiBc [3].Hn
Bngmm,ctntuihokitQunhiuna.LnTnmnmn,chrmracycBtHmthi.athkhngcnngtrngcyna.Ni
vngith:nngbthatheothucxichngtrmnbchmtrongcanhcichngnghn.Hctrthchmchhaichkhoac,chlothno
clmtrgio,lmthngphn,lmklc,lmthambin,mugiusangchothnmnh,nhmnhnnhnghavqucdn,lunlxhi,th
hcoinhlkhngnggc.Thani!Ngihctrmlinhth?Milcsuythm,nghtrm,lngtinhbvx.Nhnngthchchthitit
ttcycyngiththchnhbntaykhokimtin,khngchuchnnnghcvcnghc.nnhthnggii,thchngnhngm
thngnquenhtbiHunh,khngbitglthhnmtnc [4]mngaycbnmyrunamgiicngkhngcngiyuncnhHuyn
Cao[5].
i!KhthingcaniTng,sngMai[6]nlctiutanri?CilngQunhimphongtcnhvy,nhndnnhvy,thsaocthtcoil
thngac?Qunhikhngphilthnga,thxmTronglmgccnhpngngmna.
Dukhchnghenibngtnhngira,bnvnhmtbithnilnsgicngcamnh.Thrng:
Gianggpgmaysao,
Nghnvngchadsnhbaonhiuli.
Chohaycnhpvngi,
Tmrngbth[7]thithichmng.
LunvnchHnlmtthvntngitdo,nhngvnchunhhngcalibtc,nghalphicnhngcuhaivinhauvphidng
intch.Trongbinyticngtpdngmtsintch.
Krabilmnhthcngc.Nhngvnchlinngvtnhchtkchng,cchthiucnnhc,nhonuccuThnkhngcaoln,mt
thiuy,chnhlhnhdngconngicanggio.LinhoncuiccuDukhchnghenibngtnhngira.lnhngculmchong
12/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
giophtlng,nnkhiabichongxem,ngnigtmtcu:Anhmunkchtiy?Thlngtrlibikhngchm.
*
TrongtnhtrngtrtrbtccalngQunh,mtsthanhnintintinmunlmcigcibinxhi,nhngcngchatmraphnghngrrt.
AnhNhu,anhThyihcdtHngv,cuinm1924mxngdtgnchNi.Nilxngdt,thtrachcmtnginhlvihaici
khungdtcitin,sovikhungdtctruyncaQunhiathoibngtay,lmralahp4050phn,thloikhungdtnydngdygitythoi,
dtraloivirng8090phn.Vtchcvnlcchlmnringl.Tuyvy,xngdtcnglmthintngmitronglng,ntrthnhniili
canhngngiyunc,quantmnthicuc.ychngtithngchuynnhaucnhngcunschyunc,nhChungclp,Hnt
docaTrnHu,mtsschcaPhanBiChuvmtsbicaNguynThngHin,PhanChuTrinhv.v...
Donhhngcaschbovphongtrotinbccnidin,QunhilcnyhnhthnhmtnhmTmgiaogmnmngilngCu
n,ngThun,anhNguynNhu,anhDngnhThyvti.Chngtithngtraoikinvinhauvthisvchianhautipxcvinhng
ngicchhngcchmng.Chngtibnnhaumlpdyqucngchoanhemlaongvmithyvlngdyv.
Vlpchqucng,chthuhtcmilmngiulanhemnngdnyunc.Chngtitranhthccbuihccboch,gingtintc
vtruynbtnhiuthcayuncmtcchkno.Bnlhotronglngchacldogngncmnncynchochngtidy.Cnlphcv
llpbmt,chsu,byngicnmkhuyamitptrungtrcsnnhngThunluyntp,domtngigiivlngCnSt,ph
DinChucchngtimivlmgioluyn.Tuybmt,nhngchvitunthbchnhtngdbit,dastrnhquan.Thlphigiitn.
MtvnxhinghimtrngcalngQunhihinylnnhtthucphin.NhnkhulngQunhichtrndivinghnngimcn
mychccibnnvba,bnchbnthucphinknghinhtthuccchngngi,trongccnhngngibtcchnhngHThc
Linh,ngHKhoanv.v...
Myanhemchngtibnvinhau,thoramtbidinvnchngnnthucphin,nhnngyhplng,tiemracgianhlng,vchngti
tranhthcsngtnhcangcThnglmtnhnvttinb,cvaivtronglng.Phinithtrngbidinvnnycnbnlchunhhng
caphongtrocilnghngchnhtronglc.Nhngdsao,mtcithitronglngcdnghnhthcdinvnemraphibygianh
lngtrcmtccquanvcctnglthvnlmtvictobo,mnhngngitinbulylmthch.
Mtvickhccngtngicnghalvicphnivkingiabah.Nm1925,bahlntronglnglH,Hong,Nguynkinnhauginh
cChnhphNamtriuphongscThnchoThmnh,vccvTcabahnyulngikhaiclppralngQunh.ylviclmbphi
camyngcvaivtrongcch,gyranhhngxu,mtonkttrongdn.Chngtiphnivkin,chianhauivnngconchucch
nghngng.AnhThy,anhLanvittruynnqungvonhmyngC[8]anhNhuvtintnnhcHngHongnil.Clngi
taimttronghvtronglng,thiHnguThkhoa,thiHiuPhbng,cbilmtrihuyn,phongtcHngltthiukhanh,nhngv
13/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ccttngchngTy,bquanvlng,sngthanhbch,cdnknhn.Chngtigpctrnhbymil,vchrarngkintngchlmhicho
dnvlmlichobnckhot.Bnthnckhngthmlmquankhiphilunci,mbygiliikinxinphongscchottinmnh,
nhthcnnghalgna?Nghechngtini,cimlng,khngcivouc.Thlvkincktthcbngsrtdncanhngngi
khuynglnnttrc.
Nm1925lnmtithngiVinh,clciNghiLc,YnThnh,AnhSnvThanhHa,nilikimvic,nhngthtslinghengngtnh
hnh,mongtmramanhmixutdng.NhnglniVinh,tithngtmgpcchcsinhtinbtrngQuchc.Quacuchuynngheanhem,
ticbittntuimtsgiostinbnhHHuyTp,TrnMngBchcbittnhiutnhhnhngoincnhphongtrogiiphngPhi
LutTn,AiCp,n,cngheninchnghacngsnlmtheokhnng,hngtheonhucu,vcnghenincchmngNga.
cbitlkhicbittinPhanBiChubbtvspbaraxtitanihnhHNi,phongtroithPhanBiChuphttrinmnh,li
cunctondn.Qunhi,lcnyxngdtanhNhuvnhngThunphasauxngdthunhthnhchhihp,nhngngiquantm
thisunhitintc,nghebochvbntnnhiuviccquanhnPhanBiChuvquanhntnc.
NhngtcphmcaPhanBiChunhThinhh!,Hingoihuytlth,Yhnntrckiabcoilschcmphicbmt,thnayc
chuyntaynhauchunhcngkhai.TcphmcaPhanBiChuvnidungtuycnhiuchtiucc,nhngtotlnmtimrrtlyunc,
lthcgicmingionkt,hysinhchinuchoTquc.VnchngPhanBiChucmttcdnghpdnkl,cnnghen,hnhnhai
cngmunlaomnhvocucutranhcchmngngay.Tnhin,tivnhngngicngchhngcngccmgicnhvy.
Mcxutdngcngrorc.ChngtinhbLatmmanhmigpchocconcPhanBiChulPhanHuynh,ngimchngtinghe
nilthngtchcchothanhninincngoi.Khichngtigp,PhanHuynhnhnsachngtiiXimngaysauTtmlch,minltkim
clph.
*
unm1926,ccanhNguynNhu,DngnhThy,HongVnHp,HNgcChng,DngVnLanvtiquytnhxoayxmicchc
thiXimkpchuynsauTtmlch.NhngtheoPhanHuynhdnthmingiphic15ngbclph,msuchngtichgomgpchai
chc,thlcnthiunhngby,tmchc!Lmthno?Chngtivnngmtthanhninconnhgiucngi,viiukinlanhtaphixutmt
trmbc.Vnngxong,sauTttmlchcmyhmlbychngtibmtnhngvoVinhgpPhanHuynhgiaotinlph,rinmch
phCngnh.QuamyngyhihpchiPhanHuynhchobitngiangbtrctr,nnchaic.Chngtiphilptcvlngngay
khibvchuyn.Thlchuynithtbi.
Vicbythanhninblngitngtgyradlunxnxao.Bntnglbtunhhi,dadmccgianhcconrai.Ccbcchamhtsc
lolng.Chngtivnlng,minginghramtcchtrmtrtchuynithtbicamnh.Cuicngucynnvs.
14/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Thngbanm1926,nhndpmtangPhanChuTrinh,tiraHNicngvnvimcchtmmanhmicchmng.Nhngvnchatmc.Va
lcSHaxamlpthituynthmxptanh[9],tinghrngnulmtrngtuthscdpiHu,iSiGn,cngcthiNSm,ngng,
LoCaigipgiiTrungQuc,cngthmcchitmngxutdng.Vvy,tinpnthixptanh.Ccbithitilmutt.Nhngthiu
ri,chngkhngbitpstrngtumchbvgaPhDin,tpskgalmvicthuv,bnvvnhinbo.
TpskgaPhDinlmtvichontontrivimun.NhngdthnggpmtsngicngchoHngnghiphixlmttchc
thngnghipcanhngngiyunc,cbitThanhHacchiimmnhngngicchkhthnghayquali.Vvy,ticmunb
viciThanhHa.
Mthmanglclmvic,loxpgamnganhkgalconln.Anhkgakhngtrli,nhngtinghethtclnrut.Lcncm,ccba
ngi,tinghimscmtnithngviloxpgarng:Lcny,ngmngngklconln.ngkmngcnmngcnhth,thtilngi
tpslcngkhngvachcngcngcht.ngnnbitrngxpgahaykgacngchngqualngilmthu,ktrcngisaumthi.
tlusau,tivitthvnhnimunxinthivic.MtimylnichSyquagaPhDinthyconlmkgachngthuvtrccaga,trng
chngraquig,nncngkhngphni.ThltiiVinh,lyckmsckhenpnxintchckga,tinbiligiaodu,tmmanhmicch
mng.Vlnnythdpmaynviti.
III.Lnngcchmng
Mathunm1926,tiiThanhHa,nhuynngSn,chanhCMinhVilbnhcccatianglmgiovinmttrnglng.Trongdp
nhanhVi,tivitmtbibochotTnthkSiGnchngliluniucabnNamtriuphbngphongtrotangPhanChuTrinh.Anh
Vixem,ridntemgii.MttunsaunhncsboTnthkcngbi,anhViphnkhiemigiithiuvibnbcamnh.
MthmanhgioLpnchcaanhVigpti.Anhithngvobibovvnthcatitraoikinvthicuc.Anhni:Tic
nghecuiTtvbithkhaibtcaanh,mirilicxembicaanhvitTnthk,bitrnganhclngkhmphcnhiqucPhanChu
Trinh,anhmunnnphti,vmunincnhngncxanhPhiLutTn,n,AiCplnhngchngcphongtrogiiphng.Vy
nucchmngmunanhixahnna,anhcikhng?
ThraicuiTtvbithkhaibtmtivitdnnhtrongdpTtmlchhiunm,anhViclichoccbngiovinnghe,trong
canhLplmtcnbcchmngbmt.
CuiTtnhsau:
Xuntrichngringai,nykhpBc,Trung,Nam,mhithiuquanguthnh.
Ttngieckhc,thquaPhi,Ai,n,mxemphongcnhrasao.
Thkhaibtnhsau:
Hmmtnmtrichngbitbao
15/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Bymichnnatnhlmsao
Nonsngvncnmmi,
cvngcnxatuibngcao
Mtdquytnnphti,
Basinhkhngphcclao.
cchithmtuicngthmtr,
Trmichotaththno.
Cuivthvitralccngchngquachnilnscmxccamnh,ngulictruyntngntaingicchmng.
TivnbitanhgioLptnhiuquasgiithiucaanhVi,ngthilithnggpanhHngnghiphix,tinchcanhlngicchmng,
nnkhnggiuttngcamnh.Tini:Timuntheocchmng,cchmngcnnti,thxamyticngi.
ThlanhLpnhnngay,vchotibitspsacchuynangirancngoi,cnchunbgp.
Tilptcvlng,thuxpmivic,rivitmtbcthlichochati,nithcrarngvnglmnlnn,conquytchrai,baogilmnn
snghip,bonccngnchamthstrvnh.Vitnhthlcphngkhiquanihithnginhcckhaibo,phntrch
nhimchogianh.Vitxong,tibmtblthvocihmngschlchcchckhichatiidyhcKinAnvthnocngm.Cnivi
mti,thchnilikimviclmnhmiln.
Quamynmmmmtmti,lnnytimicgpngiaincngoihctplmcchmng.Tichunblnngvittclnghm
hvtintng.
*
TivanhgioLpcngimtchuyntuhatThanhHanHNi,ngtitrongnhmtngiqunchngThipHongCaoKhi.Ngayhm
sau,ptiBcNinh,rilyvtulngangng.Tunnikhitriticmthi.Chngtixungtuvphabnkiagakhutmt
nhngngisotv,nhnthylnhkhonghnmingina,lnhnganhemcngonxutdng.Khituchachuynbnh,chngti
chynhanhvpharng.Tuchyxong,kimlingithtmlnhvomcyrmbnngch.Mtchc,ngigiaothngngpanhgio
Lpni:Liicblnhdngkimsot,chngtaphiingvng,bngrngsutmnaythmiquabingiic.
Saumtmleotro,lnli,chngtisangtithnNy,lngCngChp,thuctTrungQuc,nhmtngihLng.
ngchTnAnhcTngbThanhnincchmngngchhiphinnchngtiy.HoncnhcchmngTrungQuchinygiai
onphttrintngithunli.KhiTnTrungSncnsng,chtrnglinNgalinCng,nghcngnng,khichtcnlidichcphilin
hpviccdntcnhyuvnhngdntciibnhngviTrungQuc.Vvy,TngGiiThchtuyngmcmmuxu,nhngcham
16/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
cngkhaitrmtchngCng.Qungng,ChnhphQucdnngmtrngvbHongPh,HChtchbtrcmtscnbcch
mngVitNamvohctrngny.
ngchTnAnhvidanhnghacnbtrngHongPh,chunbsnmtlctmchHongPhqunhiunhpngsinhi [10]cng
nhinachngtiitbingiinthtrnLongChu.ychngtinghlivihmtrongnhmtngihLng,sauptuthyiNam
Ninh,riiQungChu.
TuydngdanhnghalhcsinhtrngHongPhingnQungChu,nhngchngtikhngvohctrngny.
TrngcchmngcachngtillphunluynchnhtrdongchNguyniQuctchc.aimcalpnhs5NhnHngCai,thnhph
QungChu,trongmtnginhbnhthngnhnhcanhndn.
Khngrlpnylkhathmy,nhngsaunymtsngchnichuynvlphunluynQungChuthbitykhngphilkhautin.
Ngihcgmhnhaichcanhem,phnnhiuxutthnhcsinh,trthc.CngimithamgiabikhaNamnhra,cngilTtinho
hcnhanhLMnhTrinh.
Khahckodikhonggnhaithng.Chngtrnhgmnhiubiging,ikhicthchialmbaloivn:Vncchmngthgii,vn
cchmngVitnam,vnphngphpvnngcchmng.
CcbigingvcchmngthgiinhmsosnhcchmngNgaviccloicchmngtsnAnh,Php.Gingvinchphntchskhcnhaugia
cchmngNgavicchmngcagiaicptsnvtiutsn.CnhiuonphphnchnghatamdncaTnTrungSn.
VcchmngVitNam,ccbigingnhmphntchspbcbcltcaqucPhpivinhndnta.Vchralclngutranhchyu
nhqucthcdnvphongkinphilcngnng,cnhiuonphphnnglimhcaPhanBiChunhphnbitvnminhcch
mngvidmancchmng,chtrngphCnglmvua,saulisuytnlmTngthngsuti,v.vBigingcncchphphnhc
thuytGngimungiiphngdntcbngconngbthptc,btbong.
Vphngphpvnngcchmng,cccbivtuyntruyn,vtchc,vcngvn,nngvn,phvn,hcvn,v.v
HChtchtrctiplnholphc,nhngkhngphilgingvinduynht.BclytnlVng.Bcthngnlpnichuynvianhemvcc
vncchmngVitnam.Anhemhcsinh,nhiungingmbitBclNguyniQuc,snclnghmmtkhicntrongncny
gpBc,cthytcphonggind,liningngn,susc,dhiu,thinghimtcvtnhngchthnthitcaBc,nnlicnghtscknh
trng.
NgoiBcra,ccgingvinulcnbcangCngsnTrungQuc.Trongsny,cngilnhophongtronngdnnhngchBnh
BigingvcngtcnngvncngilnhophongtrocnghinhngchLuThiuKgingvcngvn.
MikhigingvinTrungQuclnlp,ccngchHTngMu,TnAnhhocLmcThphindch.Clnbanginyivng,Bcch
thndchchoanhemnghe.NhiungictngBckhngthotingTrungQuc,khingheBcdchnhanhgnvnichuyntrctipviccng
chTrungQucthrtkhmphc.
17/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Saumilnngheging,hcvinchiattholun.Minginhclinhngiumnhhiu,ccngchkhcbsung,chonlcnmvngtonbi
mithi.
Lphccntchcmttbchbochoanhemvitbivvitth.CkhitchcnhngvKchcngdinngaytrongnh.Kchcngl
mtthkchkhngckchbn,mchdomtsnginurachvnidungkchritphnvaivddin.Khidinkch,Bcthngngvai
cngnhnhocnngdn.
Ngoivicnghegingvtholunt,chngticncthamquantrngHongPh,thmmcabymihailitsHongHoaCng,ditchni
tingcacucKhingha2741911QungChu.
Mtdpkhc,nhnchinghcngnhndongCngsnTrungQuctchc,Bcgiithiucholphcndthnhmtbui.
Nmy,chngtinTtQungChu,mtciTtxatQucgindnhngmmtrongtnhngchcchmng.Ticrngcvibangitrong
mhcvinquannimnTtphicbnnon,rahiubnmtsqunolytinnhunht.Mynginyvsautrongtrnghotngcch
mngukhngktqug.
SauTt,lphcktthc.ChngticanmPhmHngThilmlktnpvoVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhi.Trcanh
linhcangilitsknhyu,vitingbomcamnhSaDinthctnhcmtthhthanhninyunc,chngtiataylnthtrniphn
uhysinhchocchmngqucgia,chocchmngthgii.
Sau,Tngbphnphicngtcchomingi,tivmtsanhemcbtrvnchotng,mingiimtliringvomtthigiankhc
nhau,mbobmt,phngkhibbtthkhngtnththnglotcnb.
Khiv,ingthunlihnkhii.Tivtbingiinngngchmtvitingngh,ngatrichasng,phiimlngtalngvo
bctngnhgachi,nmsngthctuNSmxung.
MuavvHNi,nhngtixunggaBcNinh,ixethngvHNi,rithuxetaynVnin,lyvvTrnhXuyn(Namnh),ghthm
cuemvangdyhc,tmhiutnhhnhnh.Cuemchobit:Ttvaquatikhngvlng,cnhrtlolng.Tronghcngibnnn
trnhquansaunychngkhilmlyngianh,chatithlngl,cnmtithnhtnhkhngchuvnirng:Coniri,nuquanihi
thcnikhngbitiu,nhvyconcncthvc,chnuitrnhquan,thtnhinctmtconngtrvcaconsauny.Thlngi
nhkhngitrnhquanna.Nmctnhhnhnhtrn,snghmsautilptclngaTrnhXuynmuavtuvnh.Lctuchuynbnh,btgic
butmingngmbithcamttcgikhngquenbit:
Vngvngtainghetingxpl[11],
Xplnhgickhchlngqu.
Gnhtnhnonnchaivainng,
nhccbaonhiukhchchngn.
VnlngQunhvomtbuichiuthngGingmlch,gialctiuchihHongangttnhthh,tilinithngnnhthhmi
18/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ngithyscmtcamnh.Aihivchuynivaqua,tiutrli:iSiGnkimviclm,nhngkhngcnnlitrv.ngHKhoan
lngitinh,myhmsaugpti,mmcihinh:ikhngthotchg!Titrlillng:Blchu.
VictiiQungChuthltrtlt.Mcxutdngvgpcchmngthlthchin.Giaionthctincchmngbtu.
*
Bttayvhotdngcchmng,cncmtviclmchemtbnthngtrvcnithuntinchoviclinhviccngch.Tinhngianh
emtmchomtnidyhctphCuGit.ChnhlmtngitheooThincha,nuicmvtrlngchotimtnm60ngdych
qucngvmttchPhpchohaiacon.
Hotngutincatilgycs.NhngngibntmgiaotronglngtrckianhanhNhu,anhThy,ngCun,ngThun,anhDng
VnLan,anhHongVnHpctchctrc.Sau,phncngnhngnginhthtuyntruynphttrinthmtronglng,tronghuynnhng
ngiciukinixathlmcngtcvinphngtuyntruyn,nhngCuncqungoiYnThnhthphttrintchcYnThnh,
anhThylmmydtNghiLcvhayiVinhthphttrinNghiLcvVinh,anhNhuhayiAnhSnthphttrinlnAnhSn,anhLandyhc
CmthphttrinCm.
VphnticngthngiYnL,VnPhnnnlinlcvingchVMaivccngchThanhnincchmngngchhivngclci
VinhgpccngchTrnVnCung,NguynVnLibncngvic,nhngngithngqualiCuGitlinlcvitilanhgioLp,lcnyb
danhlHongLn.
Nm1927lmtnmutranhgaygtgiaThanhNinvTnVit.Trckhiphnlit,ngchHongLngiithiutigpoXunMaiv
ThiVncniQuytgnthnhphVinhthnhlplintnhThanhNghTnhvihainginy.ylmthnhthctchchpnhtgia
ThanhNinvTnVit,nhngquamtthigianlinlc,vichpnhtkhngthnh,thtikhnggpna.
Htnm1927,tikhngdyhcCuGitnadchovicilihotngccni.
unm1928,TngbThanhninQungChuatinv,trongcucKhinghaQungChuthngchp1927,TngGiiThchramtphn
ng,npcchmngTrungQucrttnkhc.ChngbtcmtscnbcchmngVitNam,trongcngchHTngMu.KyTrungk
chtrngphttruynnkugingiHoanghcchmngVitNam,iTngGiiThchtrlitdochoccngchcchmngVitNam
bchngbtgiam.
CcanhDngnhThy,DngVnLanvtiudiritruynnVinh.AnhThyvtchcnhmmttnmtthmscin,nnbch
imvbbttrongkhilmnhimv.
Vphnti,lmtrtlt.NhngctinanhThybbt,tiphicnhgic,tmgpanhNhubnkhochphngbttrc.Chngtichtrngthay
ilunch,ngthiphitmcchraThanhHagpanhHongLnxinkin.Myhmsau,trnngiThanhHa,tirvlnglctri
19/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
thtti.Vabcvonh,mtichobitlnhhuynmivtruyntbuichiu,phichochnghaingbcchngkhikimchuyn.
mhm,tinhnngchHongVnHp[12]ndndmtscngvictrckhirai,riingmtchbmt.Chuyninycmi
ngitronggianhgpphnthuxpnnrtchuo,khngaihaybitgc.
Lmtngicchmngtmtrnhgiclngbt,tichclmchogianhbtlolng,chchngcgdndchamvngaycvtiviaconu
lngmihnmttui.TicngkhngnghrngylchuyningngmibnnmxaTquc,mitmnmxagianh.
Mtmocmnm,vichiccnbtrongcixovicmtay,tingvaingibunt,angmbngquamycnhngholnh,lnngquc
ls1,ibraThanhHa.QuabnGhprichnmiquphithuxetayinthx,voHngnghiphixgialcanhemangncmti.
ngchHongLngpti,ngheboco.Myhmsau,chotibitlKyquytnhphitisangXimhotng.Theokhoch,timnxep
ithngtThanhHavoVinhtmgpanhVMaibtrkpchuyngiaothngsangXimspti,vanhlngictrchnhimtchcchuyni,
ngthicnglngiphiquaXimgpanhembnybnviclinlc.
AnhVMaiatitmlnhraPhDin,bmtnhanhuChng.Sau,ngVngThcXunativanhVMaivoHTnhnHng
Kh,nghmtnhqunchngbnvenrngmyhm,rivtrngquaLoisangXim.
yllnxutdngthhaicati.LntrcxutdngsangTrungQuc,itmcchmng,hccchmng.Raihihpmphnkhinhngi
angmmmtrongmtinhnthynhncchmng,xmxmbcti.LnnyxutdngsangXimgialccchmngangbkhngb,lng
tikhngkhibihinghnccngch,nghncham,vconsbhol,quanlilmkh.Cngnghcngthytrchnhimcamnhrtnng
n,philmthnomtngykiacthlylictnc.
TmsnythhinbihtsamctrongvkchNgixutdngdotisonvcngdinvianhemUonnm1929:
Nixanhxanhngtmtmu,
Trngvicqucdsuxitbao.
ngTrm,ngTrothcao,
NcXm,Mithlnbitlmsaobygi.
Xatrngnhctm,
DngOichalibitbaogichotini?
Dmquansnkhnxitniihoi,
Tnhnhnghancivainngn,
Gitaychnitath,
Thnonsnglylitasvncta.
ngTrm,ngTro,nhcltnnhngdynincXm,Mi,dngOiltnnhngdngsui,dngsngtrnngquaXim.
Quasungytroo,lisui,chngtinmtaimcmynhVitkiucchThkhcmycys.Chtriti,chngtirabsngmtbn
20/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
vng,mtkiubochothuynlngvngch.ChngtilnthuynvtquasngsangbnkialNaKhonPhanm,mtthtrntrnbsng
MCngthucvtXim.
Hmyvokhongcuithng5nm1928.
[1]NgiTtitrongchkhoacnctathiphongkin,trcnm1919.(BT)
[2]RaThctutmngthing.NivstchvuaThcAnDngVngnhcmngrathnlmlynmdpcgic.
[3]NgaHkugiBc:TheotruynthuytcthngaBcHkhithygiBclkuhln.nitnhcmnhnc.
[4]ThngnhtbiHunh:LytrongcuthcaMcingTrungQuc:Thngnbttrvongquchn,cchgiangdoxngHunh
hoa,nghal:Thngnbitgthhnmtnc,cchsnghtiuHunhhoa.Hunhhoalmtiuhtkhnglnhmnh.
[5]HuynCao:MtnhbunyunciXunThuTrungQuc.
[6]nisnglncahuynQunhLu
[7]thyal
[8]NgiCnhntrongchkhoacnctathiphongkin,trcnm1919.(BT)
[9]trngtuChefdetrain
[10]ihcsinhnhpngcatrngHongPh
[11]cixelasouflet
[12]saubxbnngaylngQunhtrongnm1930
Phn2:NhngnmthnghotngcchmngXim[1]
(19281935)
21/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Khongcuithng51928,ticnganhVMaisangtitXim,cccngchxptmmttrmlinlctiBnMythucphNakhon.
AnhNgTun,tcBacthaymtonthXimgpchngti.Anhtngchngtilngitrongnccrahctpnhccttrc,nn
bochngti:Ccngtrvncthi.NgynayXimkhngnhnhcsinhtrongncrana.
Khnglghiythtcgiithiulinlckhngthlmcnghong.TiphitrnhbyrldoKyTrungkiungtiraXimkhngphi
hctpmlhotngcchmng.CnanhVMailngicaKyphiratmilinhcngtcgiacsVitNamThanhnincch
mngngchhiXimvitrongnc.
anhBachiuthm,tinirviccquenbitanhTChnh,tcLMnhTrinh,vanhChutclTrnVnChnv.vlnhngngicng
thamgialphunluynvitiQungChunm1926mnayanghotngXim.
Ngaysau,chngticasangnhngLKhoan[2],lcschnhcatrmlinlc.
cnhnhngKhoancmtlphccathiunin,giovinlpnylanhHongTrc,mtngiemhvcngquvitixutdngsangXimt
trc.Chngtiubitnhau,nhngkhngainhnh,nhnqugc,vphiginguyntcbmt.
dmbyhm,tibtuilivianhemtrongTHptc,mthnhthctchcqunchngcaVitNamThanhnincchmngngch
hiy.Trongkhithmhi,lmquenvianhem,tithngcmtsthvnyunccaPhanBiChu,PhanChuTrinh,Yn,TXng,
Tnv.v...dndanhemhiutilngictrnhvnhavhnhnhcptrnchobittilcnbcaonth,nnanhemiitt,thn
mn,vcoitrnghntrc.
tlusau,anhLMnhTrinhngptivativoUon.CnanhVMai,saukhibnbcxongviclinlcthtrvtrongnc.
ThigiantihotngXimgmhaigiaion,mtgiaiontrongThanhnincchmngngchhiXim,mtgiaiondislnhoca
ngCngsnXim.
I.GiaionhotngtrongVitNamthanhnincchmngngchhiXim
TinUonvangdpknimPhmHngThi(1961928).CcngchphncngtitrangtrhitrngvvitcuichHn.Cuinh
sau:
itrngphuvsvnhivi,tninlaiknimhnhhng,tinchkhikthnhuhng.
Tinhthngiiyntritbtt,cutuynhmnghnthichc,thnhcngluphngngkin.
22/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Tmdch:
Ktrngphu,lmkhngphivmnh,bnnmknimvanglng,tinchchngmngvinhdy.
Citinhthn,chtuphilht,dichnsuimnghnthaothc,thnhcngcnichngtay.
Thycuihay,ctngldoanhemylm,saunyxemschvnhcmibitcuinyvnlcangNguynCnlmiumtlits
cchmng,manhemdngli,vncngthchhpvilknimPhmHngThi.
Tronglknim,ticncphncngcbivntruyiuPhmHngThi.BivnnydocngThcHaanhemthnggithnmtl
Cilm.
Knimxong,ccngchphitivoNongn,mtvngcscaThanhnincchmngngchhi,cchUonkhongmicys,cnglm
vicviCi,phtrchtrnghunluynthiunin.
Trngcmitmhcsinh,phnlnlconemVitkiu,vmtsthiunintNghTnhgirahctpcchmng.CcanhMaiVnQuang,
DngTrTrung,VnHngv.vhiymi15,17tuiulhcsinhcatrngny.
ylmtnhtrngcchmngvahcvalm.Trcngnhthy,ngoigihctputhamgialaong.
Phnhctpchyulhcvnha,cnidungchnhtryunc.CidychHn,tidychqucng.Chngtidychoccembitlchs,a
lcancVitNam,bittnhton,thucccbivn,thyunc.McchchyulbidngchoccemclngcmthivigicPhp,c
chcchmng,saunytrthnhnhngngihotngcunc.NgoiCivtira,thnhthonganhLMnhTrinhcngugingdychocc
emmtibui.
iukinncathytrtrongnhtrngrtgind.Trngchainginhtranh.Nhchnhcbagianlnihctp.Chnhgianhcmtciphn
divkhrng,lbnhc,haibnhaidygh.Banm,bnhcbinthnhgingngcahcsinh.Nginhphnhhn,valnhbp,val
phngnvniccdngclaong.
Npsngcamingitrongnhtrngkhquyc,ngnnp.Mibuisng,tivhctrurasntpththao(Ci58tui,ngiyuc
min),sauilaong,laongxongrimivohc.Viclaongcathytrtrongtrngchyultrngkhoai,trngrau,trngcylunin,
chnnuilng,nucm,rabt,gnhncv.vCkhithytrgnhkhoaicamnhtrngcemvolngilythclacanhndna
phng.
Snxutnhvycngcnghahctp,bidngtinhthncchmngnhngchyulbomisngchocthylntr.Quonthchph
cpphnnomlphckhngthttcc.
Hicnnh,tichlmtanhhctr,khngbitgllaong,khigicngcchmng,mibtucthcthamgialaongtnhiu,nhgnh
nc,pngv.vtronglng.nnayNongn,laongchntaynvititrthnhcngvichngngy.iukinsinhhotmigipti
gngiqunchnglaongnhiuhntrc,vnhnthcsuthmvvaitrcacng,nngtrongcchmng,iumHChtchgingdynhiu
23/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
chochngtitronglphunluynQungChu.
*
NgoivicdyhcNongn,ticnthamgiaviclnhochungcatchcThanhnincchmngngchhi.Thanhnincchmngngchhi
Ximcthnhlptnm1925tiBnng,mtlngVitkiuhuynPhicht,thuctnhPhtxanulcmintrungncXimnm1927,1928
phttrinnccaphngcVitkiutptrungccphUonThaxi,XacnNakhon,NakhonPhanmthuctnhUon,khungBcXim.
VqunchngVitkiungBcnhiuvrircnhiuaimkhcnhau,nntrungtmlnhocaThanhnincchmngngchhichuyn
tPhichtraUon.
Thng8nm1928,HChtchnXim,saumtthigiannghincu,BcnghlpTnhyUonthngnhtviclnho.Tnhygmnm
ngch:ngThiThuyntcCanhTn,VVnKiutcnh,TrnVnChntcTng,NguynVnDtcHi,vtilytnlNgha.Ccng
chVTngtcSu,LMnhTrinhtcTin,uPhichtduytrcsc,ngThcHaiXingmy,Lmpangxydngcsmi,nn
khngthamgiabanTnhy.
ThanhnincchmngngchhilnhoqunchngdihaihnhthclHiHptcviHiVitkiuThni.
HiHptclmttchcqunchngtrungkin,niotonhngthnhvindbchoThanhnincchmngngchhi.HiHptckt np
nhngphntthanhninyunc,chyulnhngthanhnincchhngcchmngtrongncmira,hsngchungvinhauvlmntpth
theostchccaHi.Cnhmchuynlmrung,cnhmchuynlmccnghthcngnhthca,thmc,thnv.v...Stinthunhpcami
tcdnhramtphnchosinhhotticnthitcacctvin,phncnlidnglmcngqucaHichitiuvovicchung,nhphingira
ncngoihocvtrongnc,xydngnhtrng,nuiccemnhc,chitiuvcccngtctuyntruyn,bochv.v
VsauHiHptccngktnpcmtskiuboXimtlu.Nhngnhnghivinnylmnring,theochkinhtclp.Ngoivicng
hiphthngxuyn,hcnnhnnuimtviemthiuninhocmtvicnbcchmngchuynnghip.
Tnhncuinm1929,HiHptcVitkiuckhonghnmttrmhivin.
HiVitkiuThnilmttchcrngri,ctnhchtmttrncakiubo.huhtccaphngcVitkiusinhsngucHiThni.
Hivinchaihng:Hivinchnhthcnhkhihpvnghiphhngthng,thnglnginhngvngVitkiutptrungngo.Hi
vincmtnhthnglnhngVitkiurircccaphngxa,khngtinlinlchihp,lnhngbconVitkiucsngtrntXimlu
i,voquctchXim,nhngcngitinhthndntc,nghcchmngVitNam.Cchivincmtnhtytheokhnngvlnghnghim
gpphntinhthnhocvtchtgipchocchotngcaHi.
nhngningoVitkiucncHiPhn,HiThanhnin,HiThiunin.lnhngbphncaHiVitkiuThni.
24/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
*
Trongcngtctuyntruyn,giodcqunchng,VitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiXimlmnhngvicnh:Xutbnbo,mlp
hcchothanhthiunin,tchcccbuidingingchoanhemtptrnhbyvtholunccvnchnhtr,tchcccngylknimcngha
yuncnh:knimPhmHngThi,knimngyqucs[3],knimNguynSSchv.vTrongnhngbuilnythngtchcdinkch.
Ngoivictphp,giodcVitkiu,tchcVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiXimacnhiuschbo,tiliuvnc,a
cmtscnbtrongncraXimviTrungQuchotngcchmng,hocotothnhcnbcchmng.Nm1927,cngisang
Lo,thnhlpChihiVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiVingChn,vtcmtscsgiaothnglinlcccthtrnLoi
dinviXim,nhXavnnakhtidinviMcahnXim,ThkhcidinviNakhonXim,vVingChnidinviNongkhai
Xim.NhtltkhingchVMaisangXimtmilinlc,thquanhgiacscchmngXimvicstrongnccngcmtthit.
ShotngcaThanhnincchmngngchhiXimctingvangvtrongnc.Thng6nm1928,VitNamQucdnngcmt
onibiugmbangilNguynNgcSn,HVnMchvNguynVnTim,sangXimnghTngchihiXimgipsngnvnc
chunbbong.onthXimtipxc,tholunvihmtcchthnmt,mihthamgialknimPhmHngThivthamquanmts
aphngVitkiuctchchotngyunc.Mtkhcgiithchvihrnglcnychaphithicbongvtchivicgiphsngn,
vildocnphixinkincaTngbTrungQuc.MyngiibiuVitNamQucdnngnykhivtiVitNambbt,khaibottc.
ThamgiacngtclnhoThanhnincchmngngchhiXim,ngoivichpbnccchtrngcngtc,tithnggpphnvitboThn
itchcccbuidinging,cclknim,ccmdinkch.
Nm1929,trongdpTtxun,tisonvkchniNgixutdngvcngdinvianhemUon.Lungyqunhtcctchuyn,chnh
trongvkchcmtcuchuyngiathygiovhctrtrongmtlphcnhsau:
Thygioni:NgiTyVitNamsungsnglm,ngayconchcahcngcphcptinnmtthngbabnming.
Hctrhi:Thlngthymithngbaonhiu?
Thygiomtlnchclt,nhngribnhtnhni:Lngcathymtthngchmihaing,nnhlngngchcmttrngPhpVit
huyncngchcbaming.
ThanhnincchmngngchhicngnhcchiHptcvThni,trongnhngnm19281929angtrnphttrintt.lnhsng
gpcanhiungi,ktnhngbctinbinhPhanBiChu,ngTKnh,chonnhngthanhninmittrongncravnhngemnhang
hccclpthiunin.NhngngiccnglaotolnnhtvvicxydngcsVitkiuludiXimthphinilngThcHa,mkiubo
quengivimtcitnrttnknhvtrumnlCihayThyi.
*
25/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
nircnglaocangThcHa,titrchdnmtontrongchngIIcacunHotngcchmngcaVitkiuThiLan,nguynvn
nhsau:
Tronglpngiyunctrckhicng,cthningThcHalmtngikintrcchmngncng,vtinlntheokpccbcpht
trintronglchscchmngVitNam.
ngThcHatchthamgiaphongtroCnVngchuynquangtnhvivicphCngtheochqunchlphin,ritnthnh
vicgiitnDuytnhi,lpraVitNamQuangphchitheonglidnchtsn,vcuicngchuynquacucvnngcchmngdogiaicp
cngnhnlnhotheochnghacngsn.
SchuynbincangThcHakhngphilbng,mlmtqutrnhcsuyngh,nhnthcrrngvsttyucacchmng.
ngThcHaxutdngtnm1908,ntXimnm1909,lmttrongnhngngiutinxydngnntricyBnThmtnm1910,
khicPhanBiChuhotngXim,vlngiduytrcsBnThmchoncng.
BncnhtricyBnThm,ngThcHabtuxydngtnm19111912mtcsgilTriccemnuidyconemnhnggianh
ccmthviqucPhpttrongncgira,hocconemccgianhVitkiuyuncLovXimgiti.Mcchcacldychocc
embngtingVit,bitchngha,bitlaonglmn,vnhtlbityuncsaunylnlntrthnhngicchmngcunc.
Khngbaolu,Chintranhthgiilnthnhtbngn,ChnhphXimngvphengminhcaPhp,cchotngyunccaVitkiugp
khkhnln.DoscanthipcaPhp,TriccemcangThcHaphidivBnng,thuchuynPhicht.Nm1916bPhpthcp,Chnh
phXimralnhnitrongnmngyttcngiVitNamBnngphidiichkhc,nukhngthkhiqunPhpnbtvtchthutisnVit
kiu,hskhngchutrchnhimvlc,theoiucbtbnhngPhpXimthngiPhpchngquynlnhstiphn,cthxpht
VitkiutrntXimmchngcoilngichusbohcachng.Trctnhhnh,ngThcHaliphiaccchuquaTrungQuctip
tchctp,riTrungQuchotngchonnm1919.
Thigianny,ChnhquyncchmngTrungQucmtstnhltvotaybnqunphit.Khichintranhthgiilnthnhtbngn,bnqun
phitQungTylngbtcchmngVitNam,btccPhanBiChu.NhngcgngvqunscaVitNamQuangphchitrongnccng
nhTrungQuc,Ximubthtbi.
ngtrcdinbincatnhhnhtrongnhiunmqua,ngThcHanhnthccrngcchmngVitNamkhngthlivosgipca
ncngoi,mcngkhngnnchchtrngvonhngmutoanbongnhVitNamQuangphchilmbylunay.ngbnviPhanBi
ChutrlitXimtiptcgydngcsvittngtrngkgiankh,davonhndnlmcchmng.
Nm1919,vnPhicht,ngThcHatraoikinvingTKnhvphngchmhotngcunc.Nhngquanimhaingiquxa
nhau.ngTKnhvnkhkhmchtrngc,tnthminhchKngoihuCng,nhlpramtciChnhphlmthicccho
CngxinngoivincaNhtHong.BnnvicvnngkiubothngTKnhchohlhngngithaphngcuthc,khngctrithc
26/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
gbnvicnc.ngThcHaphnihtmikincangTKnh,ngchornglcnymcnmlyKngoihu,davoNht
Hongllithi.ngchtrngphinngtavokiubo,giodckiuboontlilmcsludichocchmng.
ngThcHathnghaylycuThpninsinht,thpningiohinghalMinmtphplclng,minmgiodcnhndn[4],
hnhdungcichhngvviclmcthcamnhvthchinmtcchkincngkhngbitmtmi.
NhnglchpmtviccngchtrongVitNamQuangphchi,ngThcHathngnulnquanimcamnh.Cphphnsgip
caChnhphNhtBnivicchmngVitNamchngquachlnuracichiubingvn,ngchngchegiudtmmunlmmt
ncnanhchumthi.KhiChnhphNhtgipcPhanBiChuotomtsthanhninyuncVitNamthhchdychobitch
Nht,khoekhoangncNhtltigiinhngtrongthmtmhangmmuyPhpranhyvoVitNam,vdngnhngngianghc
Nhtlmtaysaichohsauny.ThctchothyrngqucNhtcaitrTriuTincngtnbo,chngkhcgqucPhpcaitrVitNam.C
thngnhcanhemnhlinhngchuynngcaykhiChnhphNhtthahipviPhp,ralnhuicchcsinhyuncVitNamtrongvng24
giphirikhinctNht,nnicPhanvanhemphiutranhikodithihntrcxutramttunl.
ivisnghipcunccangiVitNamluvongXimhiy,ngThcHathngvnhconthuynigiabin,chatmralunglch.
Cni:Chngtakhngsbmthuynmchsilchng,ngcdng.
Trongkhichatmramtnglicth,ngThcHartchtrngvicxydngcsluditrongVitkiuXim.Cthngbnbcvi
nhnganhemngtmngchrngmungycstrongkiubothuckiubo,phicmtchngta.Chngtaphilmytcho
thinh,chnglmngthnhthgian.CchtrngnntphpbconVitkiulithnhlng,thnhxmtrntXimbconnngtavo
nhaumlmn,cngnhaugignphongtctpqunttpcadntc,nhtlconemVitkiukhngquntingm,khngqunngungcT
qucVitNam.Tchstinlnvnngkiubothamgiacccngviccunc.
thchinchtrngtrn,ngThcHalenliikhpnicVitkiutrntXimgngivhngdnqunchng.Cirtnhiu
nnkiuboXimthnggiclCi,Thyi.Cthngib,vhunhchcib,tindngchntrnnhngxmVitkiuholnh
rirckhpvngngBcncXim.itiu,Ciukhuynnhkiuboonkt,thngyu,mbclynhau,vnhlycinhcmt
nc.
CibtrmtsngingtmngchcamnhigydngcsccnitrntXimnhsau:
PhibNho[5]vmtsngiixydnglicsbnng.
PhingNgotVinhilpcsVtp,NongxnggnthxNakhon,trnbsngMCng,idinvithxThkhctrntLo.Tip
liphicKhoanvcNgotiilpcsBnMy,BnPhng,dchthxNakhonnmcys.
27/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
PhingChuilpcsUon,vmtsngikhcilpcsNongbua,cchthxUonbacys,vngn,mtkhurngcch
Uonhnmicys.
Sau,CibnvianhemtiptcphttrinthmcccsdcngtUoniXacnnhBnHn,Nonghn,tXacniNakhonnhTh
h,Cuxuman,v.vvphttrinthmcsdctheosngMCngnhUthn,Nake,Thtphanm,Mcahn,Nongkhai,v.v
NhshotngkintrtrongnhiunmcangThcHavnhngngingtmngchcacnhtrn,VitkiurirctrntXimngy
cngquytlivinhauvcmtmilinhmtthit.
Hngnm,ngThcHathngimtvngquanhngnicVitkiutPcnmphncctnhvngngBcthmhikiubo,nhcnh
bcongivnglngyunc,dydconem,gignphongtctpqunttpcadntc,ngthitntrngphongtctpqunvphtlutca
ngiXim.nu,ccnglaongvsinhsngnhmtngidnthng.Vvy,crtckiuboqumn,mngaycnhndnXimcng
thngyu,thnggilThum[6].
ClnngThcHabthcdnPhptheodibt.ngccvnhndnXimaphngbotrcctrnhichkhc.Mtlnna,
PhpgiaothipviChnhphXimvybtCi.Nhngccaphngkhngdmtchi,nhngtiukinvibnPhplphinhndin
chong.HCingilnviccnggiaphng.VncdangmenvcivbngoicaCirtgingngiXim,nnbnPhpkhng
thnhnra.Cilithotnn.
SongsongvivicgydngcsluditrongVitkiutnm1919,ngThcHabtrngilmgiaothnglinlcivncamts
thanhninxutdngsangXimrigiphsangTrungQuchotngcchmng.
Tnm1920,nhiuthanhninyuncxutdngsangXim.HccccsVitkiuntiptNakhon,UonriavoPhichtsinh
hotmtthigiantrongTricycaCi,sauccptinlphvngiangisangTrungQuc.CnginhngThiThuyn,li
Ximhotng.
Nm1923,mtsthanhninxutdngtXimquaTrungQucnhPhmHngThi,LHngPhong,LTnAnh,HTngMuv.v...thnhlp
raTmtmx,tchkhinhhngcangliPhanBiChu.Nm1924,PhmHngThinmtcnSaDin,mugittonquynMclanh,
gytingvanglnthcyphongtrocchmngtrongcnc.TipHChtchvTrungQuc,tphp,dudtnhmTmtmx,thnhlpVit
Namthanhnincchmngngchhi.
SngixutdngsangXimtnm1920nnm1924,1925,lpnytipnlpkhctngcnglichngmychcngi,sngsangTrung
Quc,mtsliXim,thamgiacngvicvnngVitkiuXim.
HaichtrnglncaCinhtrnxydngcsVitkiuvvnngthanhninxutdnglnhngnggpquantrngchovicpht
trinVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiQungChuvXimsauny.TtnhinkhngphimtmnhCilmhtmivic.Nhng
ngingtmngchcaCinhngKim,ngSu(tcngchVTng),bNho,ngThuyn,ngVinh,cKhoan,cNgoti,v.vul
28/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
nhngcnbclc,nhngqunchngtrungkingpphnquantrngthchinccchtrngngncaCi.Nm1925,khiHChTch
phingivXimthnhlpVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhithngThcHalmttrongnhngngilnhocuytnlnca
ChihiThanhnincchmngngchhivtrongVitkiuXim.Nm19281929,HChtchvXimhotngcchmng,Bcnhgicao
phmchtocvnhngcgngcacngThcHatrongvicxydngcsqunchngVitkiu.Lcnycctchcyunccakiubo
phttrinvccngc.NhngCivngivngchtrngxydngcsludi.CxungphongxinHChtchvBanlnhochoi
xydngthmcsXingmy,XingraivLmpanglnhngvngphabcXimgnbingiiMininvLo,lmnhngaimdtr
saunycthlchdahotng.Cni:Hinnayqunchngkiuboctchcvphttrintt,csvngchc.Nhngtinghcch
mngvncthclccngpkhkhn,nnchngtacnphixydngthmnhngcsmi.Ngixaccugiothtamqutnghalgingth
khnthnglmhangcbangch,nhvychngtacngphicnhngcsdbchunbchonhngbcsauny.HChtchvanhem
ngCiiXingmy.Nm1930,khingcngsnthnhlp,tuyvngmt,Civncvinhdgiithiulmttrongnhngnging
vinutincangCngsnXim.Nm1931,CmangbnhtXingmyvUon,rimty,th61tui.CucihysinhtntycaC
linhngknimsusctrongkiubovcnbXim,vnhngcnglaongghinhtronglchscchmngVitNam.
II.HChtchXim
HChtchnXimhailn.Lnthnhttthng81928nthng91929.Lnthhaitthng3nthng41930.
Hitrc,hclphunluynQungChu,ticBctruynthchonhnghiubitutinvlluncchmng.Nm1928Xim,tilimay
mnthnggnBc,nhiukhitrctipdischocaBctrongcngtchngngy.
BcnUon,nitihotng,vokhongthng8nm1928,saumtchuynibmilmngytPhichtra.Bcibnhvylvatmhiu
tnhhnhkiubotrnngivabombmt.
nUon,BclytnlChn.NmyBcmi38tui,nhngphnnganhemcnbucnrttrmBcthrtloluyn,mcthc,nnmi
ngiutntrngmgiBclThuChn[7].ChmtstanhemtnghclphunluynQungChubitBclNguyniQucmthi.
TiUon,BcthnglmvicNongbua,aimchnhcaccTHptc.
TrongccbuigpmtvicnbvqunchngUon,Bcthngnichuynvtnhhnhtrongncvthgii.Vicnbphtrch,Bcthng
traoikinvcngtccchmng.
C s cch mng Uon hi ny pht trin kh rng, cc T Hp tc c ti dm chc ngi. Hi Vit kiu Thn i c hng my trm hi vin.
BongthanhcaVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiphbinkhrngritrongqunchng.Tuynhinhinymtsthanhnintrong
THptcvnnghrngtXimchlnihotngtmthiriychcsiTrungQuchctpcchmng,hocsvnccngtc.Vvytuy
XimlumkhngmyainghnvichctingXim,chXim,chaquantmnvictipxcvinhndnXim.Cngcmtstanhemsuy
nghlchlc:NisangXimlmcchmng,nhngrtcucchthylaongvtv,cuct,trngcy,xgnhngilmnbnhthng.Trong
29/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
khicchmngligpkhkhn,nhKhinghaQungChuTrungQucbthtbi,TngGiiThchtnstnhngngicngsnTrungQucv
btbccnbVitNambn.cmtvingidaongphnvn,tmcchtrnvnc.
Trongnhngdptipxcvicnbvqunchng,HChtchthngnhnmnhvtinhthncchmngludi,Bcphntchtincacchmng
nhtnhsinthnglinhngtrongkhichacthicthngicchmngphibitkintr,chunggiankh,tuyntruyn,gicngqunchng
vkhngngngrnluynchphnuchobnthnmnh.BcrachtrnginithThanhnincchmngngchhiphimrngtchc,
cngccsqunchng.CcTHptctrckiachlynhngthanhninxutdngttrongncranaycnktnpcnhngkiuboclnghng
hicchmng.BcnghitntngthanhratThnihngdnanhemcnbvitbithtdhiuphbinrngrihnnatrongkiu
bo,aticnhngvngngbothatht.Vmtingoi,BcchtrngphilmchongiXimccmtnhhnnaviVitNamvcch
mngVitNam.Bcgiodcchokiubochtntrngphongtc,tpquncanhndnbn,vkhuynchngticgngtorakhnnghotng
hpphphocnahpphphnna.BckhuynanhemnnhcchXim,tingXim,vtBclmgngtrc.ChtrongmtthigianngnBc
nghehiuvnictnhiutingXim.
KhiccTHptc,Bcthamgialaongvianhemthanhnincdpgipanhemvnhnthc,ttngvtcphongsinhhothngngy.Mi
khicbconVitkiunthmTHptc,Bctranhthgpg,hihanbconvisng,cchthclmn.Nhiukhibconemnhngchuynkh
xtronggianhtmsviBc,xinBcgpkin.
KhiNongn,Bccngthamgialaongvithyvtrtrongnhtrng.NhiuhmBcthamgiabuihc,nuccvnchoanhemtholun.
y,trongchngtrnhgingdycmtmngilhngbin,cthcchohctrquencchbinlunvmnhdnnichuyntrcngo
qunchng.MthmBcnuvnCnngiiphngphnkhng?Anhemrthnghibinlun.Phnnganhemchtrngcngiiphng
phnVitNam.Cngcnhiungininngiiphngphntngbc,vtrnhchemhycnthpkm.Ngheminginixong,Bcni:
BygimithyNghaphtbiu.Tibovkinphiutranhchophncgiiphng.CuicngBccivuivvni:Snganhempht
biung,lmcchmng,chngtachngmispbc,bclt,trongcvicchngpbcphn.Nhngkhngphilchngtagiiphngcho
phn,mchnhlphilmchochemphngicngcchmng,utranhtgiiphngmnh.Chngnhngphnphiginhcquynbnh
ngtrongmisixhngngy,mcnphiginhlybnhngtrongkinht,tronghotngchnhtrxhina.
MilncBcthamgianuvntholunnhth,chngtihctpthmcnhiuiumim,nngcaoctrnhnhnthccchmngca
mnh.
Khongcuinm1928,BcbnvianhemnnxinphpChnhphXimlpnhtrngNongbua.
ChngtithchinchtrngcaBc.Khicgiyphpri,ttccnbvkiubobttayngayvovicxydngnhtrng,Bccngthamgia
vicotpnn,gnhgchxytngnhmingi.
Nongbua,Bckhnhiuthigiandchschlluncchmngchocnbvkiuboc.BcdchcunDuyvtsquanmBclynhan
lLchstinhacaloingivquynCngsnABC.Bcthngbotingicngdch,nhngthcthBctrngvoschchTrungQucri
30/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
cchotivit.Khidch,Bckhngcuntheotngchtrongnguynbn,mchlychnhchuynthnhnhngcuthtngngn,mcmc,mi
ngidhiu,dnh.Cnhngondchxong,Bcbocchoanhemqunchngnghe.NuqunchngthycnkhhiuthBcdchli.
Uontlu,BcraXacn,kiuboXacnnghnUon.Cscchmngcngcxydngtlu,cHiHptc,HiThni,ctrng
hcchothiuninv.v...
SinhhotcaBcXacncngnhUon,vnhtscgind,gngiqunchngvcnnp,khochchtch,Bcilitipxcvikiubo
nhiuhntrc.CmtsgianhVitkiuthcthnhTrn,thngcucng,lnngkhimauthxintnhng,ncthilmthuccha
bnh.Thyvy,BcsonrabicaTrnHngokrstchnhgiccunccavanhhngdntcinhTrn.Bicaconnh:
DinHngthtrcthnhMinh,
Lngdnquythysinhrnhrnh,
NuaimunnginhtVit,
adntaragitschtrn,
MtngiVithyngcn,
ThnonsngVitvnnonsngnh
ViphngphptuyntruynvnngcaBc,bicaTrnHngoctruynbmauchngtrongkiubo.cthnhTrntrmastqutr
lilmtvianhhngcunc.Nhiutcangigicng,trthnhhivinHiVitkiuThni.
XacntluriBciNakhon.y,BccngcngtcvianhemHptcvqunchngnhUonvXacn,nhngBcchnhiun
victtrmlinhvitrongnc.ClcBccngithuynvianhNguynTidcsngMCng,stbnphaLoquansttnhhnhVitkiu
.LccnUon,BccngcngivitinNongkhai,giccanhChvMntVingChnngptmhiutnhhnhcngtcLov
khnngtmilinlcvibnXimymnhcucvnngcchmngVitNam.
Thng51929,ihiVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhidongchHTngMutriutpHngCng,xyraphnlit.Nhm
QucAnh[8]vKimTnbihiravtchcngcngsn.Sibiucnlitrongihiquytnhkhaitrnhmny.HaiibiuThanh
nincchmngngchhiXimlVTngvngThiThuynnghnnchkincangchVng[9]risquytnh,nhngihic
quytnh.KhihaiibiuXimbocoviBctnhhnhphnlitvnghquytcaihiThanhnincchmngngchhiHngCng,th
BcnghChihiXimhyhonvicphbinnghquytihitmcchthngnhtccnhm.
Thri,vokhonguthng91929,BcrikhiXimigpngphngccQuctCngsnxinkin,cngphngccgiaonhimv
thngnhtccnhmcngsnVitNam.NhimvcthchinbngmtcucgpmtgiaccnhmdoBcchtatimtaimHng
Cng.
*
31/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Vokhongcuithng31930,BcnBngccgpccngchcngsnngiHoatraoikin,riiUongpTnhyThanhnincch
mngngchhiUonthngbotnhhnhvvicthngnhtccnhmcngsnVitNamvtruynttinhthncaQuctCngsnvvic
thnhlpngCngsnXim.
TnhyUoncaVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhilcnyltrungtmcatonbcucvnngcchmngtrongVitkiuXim,
gmcccanhnh,Tng,HivtilytnlDng,anhngThiThuytlBth,nhngbbtBngcctrcmtthigianngn.
GpTnhy,BcchobitvicchiargiaccnhmngDngCngsnngvAnNamCngsnngcgiiquytttp.ibiuca
hainhmhpHngCng,thathunhpnht,cngnhauthnhlprangCngsnVitNamngy6thngGingnmnay.ngthngqua
chnhcng,chngtrnhviulvnttcang,vnhttrchpnhnnhmngDngCngsnLinonthamgiavongCngsn
VitNam,mcdLinonnyctriutpnhinghhpnht,nhngvtrctr,ibiukhngnkpthamd.
Vvnlngythngthnhlpng,ycnchthchrmtiml:KhiBcnithnhlpngCngsnVitNamngy6thngGingnmnay,
khngnirlngythngmlch,mingingheuhiulngythngdnglch,nntvsauhngnmclyngy6thnggingdnglch
lmNgyknimthnhlpng.Minnm1960,LinXcungcptiliuchobitngythnhlpngCngsnVitNamlngy3thng2nm
1930,chkhngphilngy6thngGingnhtrchiulm.Vvy,ihilnthbacanghpcuinm1960miranghquytlyngy3
thng2nm1930lmngythnhlpng.
ivibphnVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiXim,Bcni:TheotinhthnnghquytcaQuctCngsnthngicngsnc
trncnosthamgiahotngvsnghipcchmngcagiaicpvsnnc.VvyngicngsnVitNamtrntXimcngc
trchnhimgipnhndnbpbc,bcltXimlmcchmng.ltinhthnquctvsn.Ngicngsnkhngthchlotoansnghipcch
mngcaringncmnh,mphigpphnvocngcuccchmngcagiaicpvsntrntonthgii[10].
BcnghTnhylachnmtsngirttttrongThanhnincchmngngchhichuynthnhngicngsnthamgiavongCngsn
Xim.
SaukhingheBcgiithchvgiithiu,ccngchtrongTnhyUonuhtscphnkhi,vcbittrongnccngcngsnlnh
otonbsnghipcchmng,ngthicbitbnthnmnhcngcchuynthnhngvincngsn.Ciulnnychngtikhngchuyn
thnhngvinngCngsnVitNam,mlngvincangCngsnXim.VicchuynThanhnincchmngngchhithnhngcng
sn,ivichngtilmtvicrttnhin,vtlutrongThanhnincchmngngchhivntruynbttngcchmngxhi,hngtheo
gngmucaCchmngThngMiNga,itheosdudtcangchNguyniQuc,mtnhcchmnglothnhcaQuctCngsn.
MyhmsauTnhytriutpmtsngchctcntrongThanhnincchmngngchhingheBcnichuyn.
Bccnggiithchlinhngiugiithchvichngtimyhmtrc.BcningicchmngVitNamngynaytrntXimphivlich
cacchmngXimmhotng.VtnhhnhxhincXim,Bcphntch:LcnyncXimlmtncphongkinvnathuca,chath
32/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
tinhnhngaycchmngxhichngha,mphilcuccchmngtsndnquynkiumidogiaicpvsnlnho.Saukhihonthnh
nhimvcchmngdnchmi,nhsgipcalclngcchmngthgii,cchmngXimcngcthchuynlnchnghaxhi,khngphi
triquagiaionphttrintbnchngha.
Nghexong,anhemnuranhiucuhi.MtsngchngnngirngchuynsangngCngsnXimthkhnggpphncvocchmngVit
Nam,skiubokhngngtnh.Bclnltgiipcccuhi,anhemuthamn.
Gpxonganhemtrongcuchinghrngri,BcligpringTnhybnvictchccth.
BcnghTnhyThanhnincchmngngchhichuynthnhTnhycngsn.TrcyTnhydongchngThiThuynlmBth,
nayngchbbt,chngticngchinhlmBthTnhy.
Bcdndchngtilachnnhngngicnhittnhcchmngcao,phmchtoctt,tnguyn,tgictrnihinthncholtngcng
snchnghaktnplmnhngngvincngsnutin.SauBcnghTnhycngchTngthaymtnhmcngsnngiVitcng
BcitipxcvinhmcngsnngiHoa,bnvicthnhlpngCngsnXim.
uthng41930,BccnganhTngivoBngcc.Trckhirai,BccndndTnhyUoncnlinh,gipccngchThanhnincch
mngngchhiLochuynsangthnhChibcngsnLo.
Ngy2041930,mtcuchinghdoBclibiuQuctCngsnchtrhpBngcc.HinghtuynbthnhlpngCngsnXimv
craBanChphnhTrungnglmthi,gittlXimy,trongcanhTnglyvinTnhyUonvanhNgChnhQuc,mtngiVit
NamsinhXim.
SaukhithnhlpngCngsnXim,bcliniMlaigipccngchthnhlpngCngsnMlai.Tthng41930vsau,Bckhng
trlitXimmtlnnona.
*
QuahailnhotngtrntXim,Bclinhngviclmcnghalchstoln.NgoivicgipnhngngicchmngXimthnhlp
ngCngsnXimlmtskinquantrng,BcbidngcmtlpcnbcchmngtrongVitkiu,giodcchoccngchttngcch
mngtrngkgiankh,xydngtnhcmthnthingiacchmngVitNamvinhndnXim,xydngtinhthnquctvsnchonhngngi
cchmngVitNamXim,gpphngymmmngcchmngtrongnhndnXim.
[1]SiamtnccancThiLanBT
33/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
[2]thnsinhngchLTTrng
[3]ngyiucPatnt
[4]PhngchmphcquccaCuTiniXunThuChinQucTrungQuc
[5]tcngQunhAnh
[6]nggien
[7]tclnggiChn
[8]tcTrnVnCung
[9]tcHChtch
[10]lnghquytcaQuctCngsnttrc.Nm1943,Quctcngsngiitnthnghquytcngkhngcnlyucuchungivicc
ngicngsntrnthgiina
III.GiaionhotngdislnhocangXim
SaukhiHChtchrikhiXim,ngchTngtrvUongpTnhy,bocolitnhhnhcacuchinghthnhlpng Cng sn
XimBngccngy2041930vnhngquytnhcahinghclinquannnhimvcngtccangbVitkiutrongngXim.
TheosphncngcaXimy,TnhyUonphiphtrchphttrincngtcvnngcchmngtrongtonkhungBcncXim.Anh
TngcnnhnmnhliBcdnidnlinhiulnlvicchnlanhngngvinutinphihtsccoitrng.DoTnhyquytnha
vicchuynbphnThanhnincchmngngchhiXimthnhmtbphnngCngsnXimratholuntrongnibmingi
cnilnkincamnh.
Quatholun,tuytiashoannghnh,chcvingichangvildolhotngchocchmngXimthsqunchngVitkiu
khngngtnh,vcthbChnhphXimkhngb.Tnhygiithchviccngchllmcchmngthucngcthbkhng
b,cnqunchnglngibpbc,bcltthbtkngiVithayngiXimucthtnthnhchnghacngsn,vngicngsn
uphivnng,lnhohlmcchmng.
Tnhylngnghekincamingivbculpramtbndanhschgmmychcngchtrungkincphmchtttktnplmlp
ngvincngsnutin.
Thng101930,timtaimgntnhlUon,TnhytriutpcuchinghtonthccngvinngiVitthucccphUonThaxi,
XacnNakhonvNakhonPhanmxcnhccchtrng,phnghnghotng.CcngchPhichtkhngcaivthamdhi
ngh,vyvatriquamtcuckhngbnngn,saukhixyravmttchmttnmtthmtheodibthaingchVTngvng
ThiThuyn.Trongcuckhngbny,huhtccngchubbt,11ngibtrcxutsangHngCng,trongcngchLMnh
34/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Trinh.
TrongcuchinghtonthngvinngiVitny,ngcha,ibiuchoXimygiithiuvicthnhlpngCngsnXim,vtuynb
TnhyUonlmtngbcangCngsnXim,ctrchnhimlnhocngtctonkhungBc.
chunbchovichotngtheonglimi,TnhyUonhpmtcuchinghcbit,tholunccvnlinquannshot
ngcabphnngiVitXim.
Saukhicchtrngcth,ccngchuphnkhibttayvocngtc.PhnlnccthnhvinThanhnincchmngngchhivnhiu
thanhnintchcctrongccTHptccktnpvong,uhnghihctingXim,chXimciukinlinhvinhndnXim.
CcthanhnincvohctrngXimnhanhBchlytnlThin,anhHnglytnlXmv.v...cmttrnhchXimkhakh.
ThanhninCngsnonctchc,lcuUon,sauphttrindnraccaphngkhc.
Nm1931,anhnh,BthTnhyUonmtvbnh,ccngchctilmBthtnhyUon.LcnytinivctingXimkhtho,
cTnhyphncngphtrchThanhninCngsnonvchovictuyntruynvnngqunchngXim.
Cuinm1931,trongncckhngbtrng.PhongtroXvitNghTnhgpnhiukhkhn,myngchtrongTnhyHTnhdongch
BiKhngdnng,chyquaXimtmmilinhving.Do,ngbVitkiuXimlignhvcthmmtnhimvquantrngl
vintrcchmngngDng.
CngtccaTnhylcnytrinkhaitrnhaimthotng:
TuyntruynvnngqunchngXimlmcchmng.
VintrcchmngngDng.
VcngtctuyntruynvnngqunchngXimlmcchmng,lnhngcngtchontondoXimylnho,tithykhngcnthutli,
ychnincngtcvintrcchmngngDng.
*
CngtcvintrcchmngngDngcXimygiaochongbVitkiuphtrch.
KhiccngchBiKhng[1],LLc,TrnXuv.vHTnhchysangXim,TnhymiccngchvoUonnghngi,dngsc,
ngthithngboviTnhyvtnhhnhtrongnc.VakholcngchTnAnhbtrcxuttVnNam(TrungQuc)quaMinin
nXim.AnhTnAnhvnlcnblnhotrongTngbVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhitrcy,cchntronghinghhp
nhtthnhlpngCngsnVitNam.AnhemhotngXimrttintnganhvbitanhlcnblnhocnnglcvgngiviH
Chtchnhiu,rtcBctincy.TnhyemvnbnbcvianhTnAnh.Mingiunhttrrngnnthnhlpmtbangmmyng
chtrongncmichysangxctinvicvintrcchmngngDng.Nhimvcabannyl:
35/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Xptchn,bidngsckhe,bomantonchoccngchcchmngtrongncchyra.
Mlphunluynchonhngngchcnyuvllunvkinhnghimcngtckhitrvncshotngtthn.
Tomikhnngccngchvnccngsmcngtt,gydnglics.
CnviclinlcgiaccngchviTrungngngCngsnngDng[2]thTnhysbocoviXimyvnghXimyhtsc
gip.
Bnbcxong,chngtithuxpchongchTnAnhiTrungQuc,mtkhcbocolnXimyvccchtrngnitrn.Ximyhonton
nhttr,coivicvintrcchmngngDnglmtnhimvquctcangCngsnXim,vgiaochoTnhyUonthchinnhimv
ny.
thchinnhngnhimvktrn,unm1932,TnhyUonphncngngchTinvngchHitchcngDngvintrb
ymnhccmtcngtc.Saumtthigianhotng,ngDngvintrbthucmtsktqunhsau:
Bomisngchoccngchtrongncchyra.
Vnngkiubohnghinhnnuicnbtrongncra,vquyngpchn5.000ngbcXimchiphchoviccnthitgip
cchmngtrongnc[3].
NhngngichyrahinygmcccngchtrongphongtroXvitNghTnhnhmVngHnglnhngngicchmngNgh
An,vcsbtngvingbtnhNghAnhiy.NgoiracnmtsanhemhotngLo,bPhplngbt,cngchysangXim.
Nhngngimichysanguckiubonui,bidngsckhe,sauconthbtrthamgiasnxut,lmn,chchitr
vnc.
Tchchunluynchoccngch.
asanhemchysangXim,tuyctinhthnhnghi,nhngkhitrongncchlovicutranhvchngkhngb,nhiungicha
chctpvlluncchmng.ChngtilybnLuncngchnhtrcangCngsnngDngviultchccchiqun
chngcangdoccanhLLc,TrnXumangsanglmtiliuhunluynchnh,bidngllunvphngphpcngtcchocc
ngch.NhngtiliunyiviccngchXimcngrtqu,vtkhithnhlpngCngsnXim,Ximyvnthngvchra
ccnglnh,iulrrng.NhiungvinVitkiuXimcngthamgiahctpviccngchtrongncchyra.Ngoinhngti
liuktrn,Tnhycungcpthmcctiliumtrongnckhngchocrthim,nhngcchmnh,Nhtkchmtu,Gng
Nga,Lchstinhacaloingi,v.vmHChtchbinsongingdychochngtiXimtrongnm19281929.
Cchhunluynlccngchctiliuvlinhtholun,hunluynvinchgpvktlun.Ccngchctrnhkhnhanh
36/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
LLc,TrnXulTnhyvinHTnhhiyvahctpvianhemvagpphnnhhunluynvin.ginguyntcbmt,chngti
tchchunluynthnhnhnglpringchoccnhmanhemkhcnhau.NhmVngHng,nhmanhemLo,nhmNghTnhv.v
Btrmtscnbvnchotng.
Trckhiacnbvnc,mtcuchpBnMy,NakhonctriutpgmccngchHi,Tin,Lc,Xu,BiKhng,ticng
thamgiavitcchBthTnhyUon.Tronghingh,anhHibocorng:XimynglpBanChphnhTrungng ng
CngsnngDngtrctipchhuymiviccangngDng.Bangmnmngi:Hi,Tin,Lc,Xu,BiKhng,HilB
th.TinghethykhcvichtrngcXimythngqual:VicccngchtrongncchyquaXimlinhviTrungng
ngngDngsdoXimygip.NhngvanhHinilkincaXimy,nntichbitth,mkhngnigthm.
KhilpxongTrungngngCngsnngDng,HithngiNakhongpngitThkhcqua.Tivncholviccang
ngDngnnkhnghi.NhngsaumtthigianbocoviXimy,thXimynilchtrngcaHi,chkhngphich
trngcaXimy.XimybtHikimthovthihnhklut,choHithotlykhingDngvintrb.
Thng41932,anhLLcvmyngchkhcvnc.Nhngvavcvitunl,chakphotnggthbbt.SaungchBi
Khnglicphiviutratnhhnh,chahotngcmythbl,phichytrliXim.
unm1933,ngchTrnXucbtravHTnh.AnhXunhenlicphongtro,nhngchacbaoluthbbt.
SaukhiccngchHTnhbbt,TnhyUontchclingDngvintrb,gmbangchTin,BacvTi,tiptcmi
vic.ngchTinlngiphtrchchnh.
Cuinm1933,ngDngvintrbphingchHongLnvncnmtnhhnh.ngchtchcchotng,mcmt
lphunluyn15anhem.Nhngsaungchbmnng,cavonhthngVinhrimty.
Nm1934,ngchBacvngchBiKhnglivNghTnh.AnhBiKhnghotngHTnhmtthigianthbbt.AnhBa
chotngNghAn,linhcviccngchchabbthocmirakhinht,thnhlpcBanTnhyNghAn,vlin
hcvingDngvintrbXim.
Nm1935,khiihilnthnhtcangCngsnngDnghpMacao,ngchBacccidihivitcchli
biuTrungk.
GydngphongtrocchmngLo.
Tnm1930,TnhyUongipChihiVitNamThanhnincchmngngchhiVingChnthnhlpChibcang
CngsnngDng.KhicchmngLobkhngb,ngDngvintrbphihaingchChnvChsangLo,hotng
mBnngvPhngchiu,tlinlcvicccsVitkiuThkhc,XavnnakhtvPcx.
37/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Thng9nm1934,ngDngvintrblnhocccsngVingChn,Phngchiu,Bnng,Thkhc,Xavnnakhtv
PcxcibiuvhpihithnhlpBanXyAilaolmthi.
Nm1935,khiihicangCngsnngDnghpMacao,XyAilaocngchNguynVnXlmibiuLoi
thamd.
Nhngviclmktrngpphnquantrngvoviccngclihngngng,quacucihiibiulnthnhtcanghpMa
caothng31935doBanchhuyngoicangCngsnngDngtriutp.
*
RingvphnngXim,trongXimycngcmtsthayi.Cuinm1933,anhNgChnhQucbbtBngccribngccXim
dnchoPhp,ticchnhvoXimyvphiiBngcctrctipthamgiacngtccaXimy.cbsungvoXimyvc
iBngcc,ivitilmtvicrtphnkhi,nhngnBngccphispxpcngnviclmnhthnolilmtvicrtgaygo.Khi
ngBc,tilmvicdyhc,ncmcaonth,thnhthonganhemTHptclichonmbangtiuvt.Khiciungvo
Bngcc,thonthcpcho40ngbctmnhloliulycucsng.ylquinhchung,trckiaanhemkhcicngtcclplu
ngymtaphngxacnguccpmtmntinnhth.
VoBngcc,vnngnngivitikhngphilkhlm,vtnm1930,saukhichuynsangthnhngCngsnXimtichcch
XimvtingXim.TithcvnhanhemthanhninthochXimbychoticchc.Tithngtmnhngquynschtpcnhquyn
giodccngdn,hoctmccbi,cctintctrongcctbohngngycvnhanhemunnnchovmiu,ritmnhcicli
nhiuln,ctotingvrnhmchnhkiuctrongiphtthanhhngngy.Cnnhhinm1933lcPhadaPhahnPhnphagiuhx
na[4]lThtngXim,cnnitnThtngchong,tiphiluyntplunmytunminicthtngnhngiXim.
Vnkhkhnnhtlvnsinhsng.Xutthntmtnhnhongho,lnlnthihc,rithamgiacchmng,tikhngcmtnghnghip
gtrongtay.
KhiminBngcc,XimytmxpchonhmtngchgiovinngiHoadytrngt.Nhngmtthigianthyngchnythu
nhpkhngtinthunhvnuivcon,tiphihtscnghcchkimnghglmnttcvsinhhot.iutranghincumi,mipht
hinrachcvicbnbolkhngihiphickthut,khngmtvnnhiumlicthkimn,vciukingngiqunchng.Vi
40ngbctrongtaychcthlmnghny.
HiyBngccchailoibohngngy.Loibonhphimuacanhxutbnmisnaxu,bncmtxuloibolnmuamisba
xu,bncnmxu.
Lnutinlmnghbnbo,tikhngthnocttingraogiaphngngi.Ngythnht,timua50tbonh,cpvonchnhmtcu
38/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
hctr,intngnh,ngtrccamingitrongnhramuabo.Cnhth,chchyhaitingnghlbncht50tbo,
kimli25xu.
Nhngcchbnnychlmcmyhm,vsaumicngchngmyaimuana.Tibtuphihccchraonhccbnngnghipkhc.
Trchtthraomtqungngthtvngngi,vibahmsauquendn,thmiraophngngi.
Anhembnbothngnsphthnhrtsm,nhnvitrmt,vnhanhnhuchyibnkhpni,mingyhkimcvibang,nui
vcon.Vphntichcnmingynmsuholsng.Tikhngphicnhtranhviccbnngnghip.Mibuisngtinchpht
hnh,lymttboxemtrc,xemctintcghpdn,nucthmuababnmit,khngthmuahaimi,hmlmtboln.Khi
bnbo,ticithongth,raornhngtinhpdnthduiquachngngmccbnngnghipraobnri,tivnbnc.Bnh
qunmingykimcnmsuho,cngcngykimcmtng.Nhvyisngvtchtcaticthttckhphonglu.Tinnh
mithnghaing,tincmnqunhngngoiphmithngmttbannmng,tinthuclmithngmtngri,cnliltinxe
inhotngcchmng,tintiuvtvdnhdmphngkhibttrc.Mingyibnbohtkhongbagilxong,tivphngringtmgit
riinghvnhoahocqungtrnghocilmvic.
HinyngiVitBngccchcanhTngvti.VngchBthXimybm,anhTngphiquynchcBthphtrchviclinlcvi
BanchhuyngoicangCngsnngDngvvicvintrcchmngngDngnichungtiphtrchcngvictuyntruynca
Ximy,nhngcngviccngkhngnhiulm,chtheodicctbongaphngvdchccbidoanhemngvinngiHoavitbng
tingTrungQucratingXimtrongdpccngylquctnhNgyQuctPhn(83),NgyQuctLaong(15),NgyCchmngThng
MiNga(711)v.v..Ngoira,tronglcibnbohoctronglcgpgcng,nngvqunchnglaongXimthlmvictuyntruynming.
Nm1934,phongtrocchmngXimcphnphttrin.Bngcccbacucbicngcacngnhnccnhmyxay,cngnhnxelav
cngnhnlixet.NhngngibicngphnlnlcngnhnngiHoa,cngcmtstngiXim,nichungltpht,nhngngvin
ngiHoachtcngvocccucutranhnymtphnnothi.
ngBc,thngvinngiVithotngstvingiXimhn.CctchcThanhnincngsn,Cnghi,Nnghituycnnhb,
nhngcnhiuni,ngthicnhngcucutranhnhcanngdnigimthuhocchngchphudch.ngchhnlcuc
utranhcahcsinhTrngSphmtrungcpKhrtvihngtrmngithamgiachngchnitrhkhc,chngviccmcboch.
Cucutranhbtbucnhtrngphinhngb.
Nhnchung,phongtrotuyctinb,nhngphnghngutranhvncharrng,nphotngthngvnlnccngyknimquct
thphttruynn,treoc,hoctphpmtsngitrongphmvinhkugilmcchmng.
Tnm1932,1933,chnhquynXimbtukhngbcngsn,nhngBngcc,anhemngvinngiHoathnglhotngtrong
phmvingiHoa,tuycngbkhngb,nhngngiHoartng[5]nnkhngdtmramanhmi.CnngBcthVitkiutptrungmt
saphngnhNakhon,XacnvUon,nnmilcchotnglucVitkiubbt,vngccXimcholchcVitkiulm.C
39/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
khicnhstmangsntruynnnhtcngoingngoiph,rixcvonhVitkiu,atruynntrongngirabt.Tnhhnh
lmchoanhemVitkiuthcmc.Nuclmthnymi,milnphttruynnlibbtbdnmn,risitiu?Tuyvykhngaini
ra.nlcnhtBngkhong,nm19361937,anhemmiavnratranhlun,nhngkhnginktqug,vcngilycrng
khngcXimylkhngththolun.
Hi1934,BanchhuyngoicangHngCngthnggivXimmtsboch,tBnsvchnucaotinhthnutranhkhngkhoan
nhng.Cbiphphnmtngchchtrngrngninomikhiphccmtchibthchanntchcqunchngutranhngay,cho
lchtrnghukhuynh.
Ringti,lctuychacttngchinlcvschlc,nhngvnnghrng,cchhotngnhthny,nunhtrongxhingiHoa
hoctrongnccqunchngngohngtriungi,thcncthhotngcknocnnhVitkiungBcvnvncvi
bavn,mnhngnitptrungkhngnhUon,Xacn,Nakhon,cngminimynghnngi,nungcccthngtaykhngbth
chcchncsdbtanr.Vvytrongdpthng5nm1934,anhTngiHngCnghphinghmrngcaBanchhuyngoicang
CngsnngDng,titraoiiusuynghnyvianhTng,vnghtrnhbyviccngchlnhocang.KhianhTngtrv
nBngcccngchnitheonhtinhthncaboBnsvch,cnmtngi,cnutranh.iusuynghnyminkhongmahnm
1935,ticdpgpanhHHuyTpNamKinhmitrctiptrnhbycy.
HnmtnmphtrchcngtctuyntruyncaXimyBngcc,tuyclmcmttvic,nhngnhiulntibauukchlit.Bnh
nytimcphitnm1923,hicnhctrnghuyn,hgplccnnglchongvngauu,philunluneoknhdm.Hithamgialp
hunluynQungChucngthngbau,mingyuphiungthuc.Bngcctronghainmtiphivobnhvinbalnvauucp
tnh.VvytixinphpXimychoiTrungQucchabnhvildolTrungQuciukinthucthangcthtthnXim,ngthiti
cthnhngHHcLm,mtngiyuncVitNamcngquvitigiptrongvicchabnh.
csngvgipcaXimy,khonguthng3nm1935,tiriBngcciquaTrungQuc.
.
Phn3:NhngnmthnghotngcchmngTrungQuc
(19351942)
40/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Nm1926,tiquaTrungQucchQungChuhaithngdlphunluynvthamgiaThanhnincchmngngchhirivnccng
tc.LnnyquaTrungQuclcXimyngchoichabnh,nhngvtnhhnhthayi,tiphilicngtcTrungQuctnm
1935chonnm1942,ttclbynm.tinchovictrnhby,tixpcchotngvotronghaigiaiontheoaimvthigiankhc
nhau.GiaionthnhtlTNamKinhnCnMinh,giaionthhailTCnMinhnPcB.
Giaionthnht:TNamKinhnCnMinh(19351939)
GiaionnyktkhirikhiXimthng3nm1935donunm1939.Nhnghotngtrongthigiannysctrnhbytrongccmc
nhsauy:
TrnngnNamKinh.
Honcnhmi,cngtcmi.
SinhhotvutranhNamKinh.
MtmilinlcviXimy.liTrungQuc.
I.TrnngnNamKinh
unm1935,saukhicXimychophpquaTrungQucchabnh,tivTngbcucngimtchuyntuquaHngCng.
ituvtbinivitillnthnht.Tribinmnhmang,tronglngvcngkhoankhoi,trngvphatrc,tinrngr,yhahn.
LcgnnHngCng,Tngbcukotirangoiboongtucngdalancan,vni:nHngCng,chngtaschiataynhau.Til
ngithucngvthoting,khngciuglngtng.Anhchachucng,chathoting,nhngcngkhngngilm.Lctunbn,
thneoriscnhiuthuynnh,nhiucannnkhch,anhcxungmtchiccannoycngc,hsaanhvmtkhchsn.
anhsmuamttThngboxemmcqungcovthuynb,thyctuiThngHithmuavngaykhchsn.Nnmuavti
xoonglloivrtinnht,nhngcnchmuavthuynnointgiiAnh,ngmuavthuynntgiiPhp,dbnguyhim.n
ThngHi,sthumtchicxetaykonBcxatrm,lgaxelaucatuynngThngHiNamKinh.nNamKinhcngthu
mtchicxetaykonnhs10TamSnL,lnhngHHcLm.
Nithginn,nhngkhivothctthkhngginn.VabcchnxungtuiThngHiththyvnngay.Thngthng,nhng
ngihnhkhchmuavrtin,trckhixungtuchunbthcnsnnhccimui,uphnhv.v..,vmangsnchnchiu.Hxung
tusmchimchtt,bsnggi.Mnhchngbitgc,nnithyquangcnhmngaongn,nhngchttngitachimvrichn
41/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
chiusn,chcnlilnhngchusngngngivllingilicamingi.uxun,tricnrt,gibinthiu,trongngicm
thybutlnh,chabittnhrasao.
MtbgiQungngonhiutmsti,cphningi.Saukhichuyntrthmhi,titxnglmtHoakiuQungng,lnutin
ncngoivnc,nnbrtthngvhtlnggip.Bgipgingiphcvtunnichuyn,thuchomtchicgingxphthai
ng,vtchomtsutcmnmngyhtnmng,vchomnmtchicchnbngcab.Ctrongthigianditu,bthyticgp
khkhng,utchccgip.
HmnSnu,tucpbnmytingnghlykhch,lyhngvmuathmthcncungcpchohnhkhch.Bngcmtngithiun
ntrcmt,achotimtciqut.Tikhnghiutisaotrilnhthnymngitaliaqut,lunhqunhkhngbitiphrasao,bc
lindngtingQungngnigvicthiunymthi,ctabi,ntrcmtngikhclichaqutra,mingiulmthinh,tv
khngcn.Cuicngmtnginngngtuinhnlyciqut,mraxem,rinimtcugy,cthiunquaymtvphasau,rahiugi
anhkpgynn.Tingnvtinghtcngniln,htkhhay,mingitrongtungheucphnch.Htxong,nginngchocta
myho.Bygimivl,ylmtcgiht,ciqutmctaachongixemlmtbnghiccbiht,iuhtmctacthhtc
chokhchchn.
*
TugnnThngHi,trnglnthysanstnhnglucaonhln,ngsrng,xecilinhthoia.Ngitrnccnggnbsng
ngnhkin.Cnhrtpmt,nhnglngmnhvnphpphng,namngnalo.Khituchuynmnhghvobn,trngthytrnmttanh
caoclctamtibayphtphi.Thi!yltgiiPhpri!
KhnghiuvsaolcmuavngitabotuvotgiiAnh,mbygilicpbntgiiPhp?Thisvicnthnhphitnhin,bnh
tnhnghcchngph.
Trckia,tngcnghecuchuynBcHbcpThngHiBccngtHngCngnThngHi,lcnbn,thumtchicxe
ngaatich,thchnhchicxengalcabncpbtrnhlakhch.NaBcnmtnghm,dngxeli,chchoBcivo
mtgiannhphasau,myatrongbnchnglcsotngiBcrtk,chthycnmngbc,chngkulnmttingthngmai,thi
mtqum,riyBcra.VtnhhnhtrmcpThngHi,Bcbittrc,nncmytrmbc,Bcltvotrongbttt,chngkhng
tnhthy.Ticnghckinhnghim,cmychcbcgiuvomtchkn,nnvvntrmcpkhngslm,mchlotgiiPhpc
thxyravngkhngmay.
Lnb,tayxchmtcivalinh,trongchcmtchicqunngnvmtbqunolt,ltquamtdyxekosnhaibnngn
khch,ravtnhin,hnhnhlmtngiquenthuclmThngHi.imtonvitrmthc,thymtngcgiangkochicxe
khngilangthang,trngvmtbitlngihinlnh,thtth,tilinvytayginrilnxe,rttrongtimtmnhgiyvitsnbachBc
xatrmachong,ngxemxong,gtumtci,rikoingay.Quamydyphbngcmtngikhemnhkochicxekhng,chy
42/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
songsongving,hainginivinhaugy.Timhong,angsuynghthchaichicxecngdngli,nggichvochicxekia,rigi
haingntaychotixemvngbntayratrcmtti.Tihiulngihaihotinxe.Bygimirvngxa,nggikhngic,nn
gingikoxekhemnhkia,chuynkhchchonhau.lthiquentrongnghnghipcanhngngikoxe.
iquamydyphkhitgiiPhpntTrungQuc,liquamydyphna,nhnvphatrcthybachBcxatrmhinrarrng
trnmttanh,lnhgaThngHi.nga,ngikoxednglivgitayitin.trntuthytichunbimyngbcratin
hosntrongti,linlyrabnhoachoanhta,anhtalcu,tiahaihona,anhtalilcu,tiathmhaihona,anhtagtu,
cimtcchvuiv,rikoxei.
*
Bcxatrm,chbatingnghthmuacvvlntudiNamKinh.TuspnHQuan(gaNamKinh),thnhngngiphcvcc
khchsnnhylnxeginhkhch.Mtngingnbntihickhchsnkhng?Tigtu,anhtalindnminggiycnhnhiuca
khchsnvochicvalicati,vnhvymivicitgankhchsnhsthuxp.
Nhkhchsnnylmtkhchsnloivamtphnh,cchgagnmtcys.nkhchsnvokhongby,tmgiti,ngiphcva
tivomtciphngchchoy,rimtchcthccmmangn.ncmxong,tichunbngh,thmtphnngtuixchmtci
thngsnsonvodigmging,imlngbcra.Limtngiphnnabcvo,titngylilmtngiphcvkhcncvic
g,khngngchnynngistngayngiti,cinivnv,rikhoctaymlyti.Bygimibitylgiim,tilinngphtdy,
ynhchtarangoica,ngcali,xemxtquatrongphngmtcht,rinmngh.
nNamKinhltcchmcch,bygikhngcnlolngvmtchnhtrna.Nhngngymaisnhthno.Cncnhng
HHcLmnhTngbcunikhng?Khnggpcngythsao?Suynghnhiu,nhngkhuyari,cngnhmtgicchonsng.
Hmsaudysm,chunbchoonngspi.Chngkhongby,tmgi,ngiphcvkhchsngcavohicncmsngkhng,
tilcu,varamttgiyvitsnmyhngchTrungQuc,inhkhchsnthuchomtchicxetaykonsnh10TamSnL
trongthnhph.Anhtalinxungdinhalnmttgiykrstinmnhphitr:
Tinphng:3ng
Tincmti:1ngri
Hnhl:5ho
Mthng:5ho
Tixemkhnghiumthnglg,lybtnhmtduhibn.Anhtalytaychvocithngsnsondigingmngiphcvti
hmquaan.Tilivitmychhicithngylmg?Anhtacimnpthngraxem,riylivlybtgchbchtronggiy
43/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
vitmthng5ho.Thltichphitrcnmng,nhngivimnhlmtstinquln,khngthtngtngc.SaunyNam
Kinhmibitmthnglmtththngngitadngtrongkhii,tiutin.
THQuannnhngHHcLmngdichncys,thngthngthngitaixecngcngchmtmtho,mnhixetaycnhin
lsmtnhiuhn,nhnglilmtdpttngmphongcnh.Sauhnmttingngh,thxekonTamSnL,dngtrcnhngH
HcLm.Trtinxexong,tibmchung,trongnhcmtbngtuiramca,lbHHcLm,bnimycutingTrungQuc,
nghekhnghiugc.TihilibngtingVit:ycphilnhngHHcLmkhng?BitlngiVit,byhilitibngtingVit:
nglngiu,cvicg,nhiaiy?Tini:TilbconngHHcLm,nhncvicquay,munvothmng.Btalinati
vonh.Hmy,vakholngychnht,ngHHcLmnh,nnvonhthgpngay.
NguynngHHcLmlngicnglngviti,chucHBn,nsttnhNamnh,hysinhnm1883trongkhichngPhpgithnh
Namnh.ngcnglchcangchHTngMu,vmnglbLa,mtngitchccthamgiacchmngtrongthikVnThn,
tngbbtgiamvbtratnrttnnhnmvnkhngchukhutphc.Lc16,17tui,tithnghaynnhbc,nghechuyncchmng,v
vytnhhnhtrongnh,tirthiubit.KhigpngHHcLmltnhinnintnhhnhgianh,tnhhnhlngxm,tnhhnhtrongnc
vsdndcabctrongtrnghpirangoicdpgpng.Quamthitrchuyn,ngHbitrvtivkhuynticyntmnh
ng.
[1]tcLiuHn
[2]cuinm1930ngCngsnVitNamitnthnhngCngsnngDng
[3]lcnygibcXimnganggivibcngDng
[4]PhrayaPhahonPhonphayuhasena(18871947)
[5]hnmttriuBngcc
II.Honcnhcngtcmi
LcNamKinh,cvichcngiVitNam,gmmyloi:CngicchmngnhanhLThitHng,conrchacicangHHc
Lm,anhCaoHngLnhtrongncmira,nhmtngiHoakiucngingtnhnghngnhgianhngHHcLmvbnanh
emVitQucchngtiNguynThNghipvVHngKhanh,tVnNamnlngA,ngTrnh,LQucTr[1]vTChKin[2]c
44/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ngilngkhngnhngTrnTrngKhcminccphtxtvcngcngilmmtthmchoPhptXimtrnsangnhng
NguynHng.NgoiracncmtBinsxcaVitQuc,ngulVingTngcnggilViChnhNamvmtchngthanhninl
NghimKTangchunbihctrngcvcaTngGiiThch.ngNguynHngvTrnTrngKhccngchungnhvingH
HcLm,cnLThitHngthlmtrungitrngGiaothngbinhon,mtvitunmivnhmthm.
Thng4nm1935linthmhainginalanhHivanhVn.HilngicngthamgialphunluynvitiQungChutnm
1926,saucgiithiuihcLinX.VnlmtngchngiXim,chunhhngcangvthamgiaphttruynnchngchnh
quynctiXim,mtigpmylnBngccnayligpli.
Saumtthigian,traoikinvianhHi,chngtiquytnhtchcmtlphunluyntinhngHNgcLm.Ti,anhCaoHngLnhv
myanhemVitQucccmtnhvingthamgia,Hiphtrchhunluyn.
Lphunluynchhnmtthngnhngivitilmtthuhochln.minmlmcchmng,saulpQungChu,cnghellun
cchmngtngichthng,nhtnhchtcchmng,lclngchyucacchmng,ngminhcacchmng,chnhschmttrn,kinh
nghimutranhcchmngcaLinX,vncbncachnghaMcLnin,duyvtbinchng,v.vMilnnghexong,tilitmtttinh
thndngtingXimginglichoanhVn.
Thng8nm1935,ccanhCp,Trut,i,K[3],Trinh,c,Lc,LunbChnhphXimtrcxuttBngccn.ngHHcLmtrckia
phinuimyngichngti,naylithmtmngina,phnlnudongphtrch.Thtlmtgnhqunng,nhngngvnvuilngv
thngkhuynanhemngngi.
*
Vokhongthng9nm1935,anhNh[4]nNamKinh,libiucaBanchhuyngoicang,ngitimungptlu,naymi
cgp.
NguynkhitixinphpXimyiTrungQucchabnh,mcchlctnhngHHcLmgipchacibnhauuhnmi
nm.NhngngoiracncmtmcchtrngyuhnlmuncdpcgpccngchtrongBanchhuy,xinkinvcngtccch
mngXim.
Sthc,nm1930saukhithnhlpxongngCngsnXimthibiuQuctCngsnvivngiMlai,chakpcnhngchthng
tnvccmtcngtc.RingbphnngVitkiuXim,vmtcngtcvintrcchmngngDngthlmrttt.Nhngvmtcng
tccchmngXim,bphnVitNamnnlmthnochophhpvihoncnhcakiubolmtvncnmh.Nm1931,saukhianh
nhmt,tithayanhnhlmBchTnhyUon,nm1933nBngcccngtclicbsungvoXimy [5]vphtrchbphn
tuyntruyn.Nhngthcra,ticngnhTngbcu,ngiVitNamutincchnhvoXimyngaytlcthnhlp,urtlngtng,
chamranglinnlmthno?
45/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Nm1934,BanchhuyngoicangthnhlpHngCng,tibnviTngbcuphimtcnbigpBanchhuybocovxin
kin.LcanhnyHngCngv,hicngtcthnilm,chngrauui,mBanchhuygichochngtinmtrmbcthhnkhngbo
co,ttilmcaringphungphtrongsinhhotvtchtcahn.SauTngbculiigpBanchhuy,khivBngcc,tihinvn
cngtccchmngXimcabphnVitkiu,anhtachni:VnnhtinhthnboBnsvchcang,lcnmtngi,cnutranh.
Nm1934,cngchnhlnmVitkiutaXimangbkhngb,ccaphngnhNakhon,Uthn,Phanm,Mngmc,v.vcnhst
XimnhttruynnvonhVitkiuribt.SquanhgiaXimviBanchhuyngoi,cnhTngbcunithBanchhuyc
Quc t Cng sn giao nhim v gip ch o c ng Mlai v ng Xim. Nay kin ca Ban ch huy c Tng truyn t l nh vy, th
phnghnghotngcakiubovnkhngthayi.Tingheni,cnghinglkhiTngbococngtcngXimviBanchhuy
thiphngthnhtchmkhngtrnhbyhthoncnhkhkhnchng?Vissuynghnhth,tiquytnhxinphpXimyiTrungQuc
chabnh,ngthitmdplinhviBanchhuyngoicang.
VvykhicgpanhNh,tihtscmngr,coiylmtdpmaymntrctipbocotnhhnhcchmngXimvicptrn.
*
LcgpanhNh,titgiithiuvniviccphpXimychoquaTrungQucchabnh.
AnhNhni:Vllchvyucucaanh,chngtibit.
Tini:Vllchcatichcccanhbitrnhngvyucucatichachcccanhbitht.Anhhychotitrnhby:
TilnnyxinphpXimynTrungQuclcmunnhngHHcLmgipchoiukinchabnh.Nhngquamtthigianxemxt,
tithykhnngkhngc.MtlvngHHcLmlngbngkhngcmymphigipanhemngchchngtartnhiu,yhinnay
chnmianhemkhngcnghnghipudonggip.HailiukinchabnhNamKinhrtkm:Bngcctivobnhvincha
bnhmyln,ucxpvoloilmphc,nhngnungvchabnhhunhngangviloimttinhngthng.Cnykhngcch
lmphcnhvymccbnhvincthitbttnhbnhvinTrungng,bnhvinCLuthmingyphimttnhtnm,byng
bc,lyurastinlnnhvymcha.Vthbygitikhngnghnvicchabnhna.
AnhNhni:Vicchabnhcaanh,chngticngnghn,nhsxpchoanhcngiLinXvianhVn,anhHi,vacchabnh,
vachctp,ngthicthgipchovichctpcaanhVn,mHicngchotibitlanhckhnng.NhnghinnayngiLin
Xkhkhnqu,chcchncnphichmtthigian.
Tini:Anhnithtirtphnkhi,nhngticnmtyucukhcna,anhchotinithm,lyucuvnglivchtrngchocng
tccchmngXim.
ngCngsnXimcthnhlpnm1930chyulhaibphnngHoakiuvngVitkiugpli.VphaHoakiu,ccngch
khngccsvnhhngnhiutrongqunchngXim.VphaVitkiuthnhhngtrongqunchngXimkhtt.Cnhiuaphng,
46/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
qunchngXimmunutranhchngthu,chngphudch,utmcnbtayuculnhotronggiogiicmtsgiovintinbrt
khmphctavcngmunctagiptrongvichotngmtsvconVitkiulngiXimutheotanhngngchthcsl
ngiXimthkhngcmy.TonbVitkiutaXimcchngtrndibavn,nhngsngitatchccthchmynghn,mphn
nhiultptrungvoccaphngmngcchontonbitr,nhUon,Xacn,NakhonPhanmv.vNucchhotngcachng
tanhtrc,cnnhngngyknimquctnhNgyCchmngThngMi,Ngy1thng5,hocNgyKhinghaQungChu,NgyX
vitNghAn,v.vlphttruynncvichcngibnhngchcngbith,cvitrmngiaphngcngbiutnh,vnuChnh
phXimsdngbinphpnhnhttruynnvonhbtngi,hayquhnnadngbinphpkhngbbthtcminginhPhicht
thuctnhPhixanulcminTrungncXimhithng9nm1930,thcscchmngcachngtachcchnlkhngthboton,scng
hinivicchmngXimsgimi,mcngtcvintrcchmngngDngcngsbnhhngkhngthlnghtc.
Vtnhhnhnitrn,titraoikinviTngbcucnphibocorviBanchhuyvxinkin.KhngbitTngbcucboco
viccanhnhthkhng?
AnhNhni:TngbcucbocovichngtivcngtccchmngcangXim,nhngkhngnuvnnhanhvani:Hmnay,
ngheanhbocor,tithycnhiuchngphisuyngh.Nhngtrcmt,tichathtrlic,riychngtistholun,cking
snivianhsau.
*
NixongvncngtcngXim,anhNhhikintivvicngHHcLmmunthnhlpNamKinhmttchccchmng.
TinivicnyngHtraoikinviHivti.Mcchngmunnhvylctchoavchnhtrcaanhemtaychp
phpha,ngthicngcmunxincsgipcaTrungngQucdnngTrungQuc.Tinghtronghoncnhhinnaynulm
cnhvythrttt,nhngtivncnsuyngh,khnghiutrongvicnyHicnhgkhng?VthyHirthngthvrttchcchot
ng,miviHithticchnghingi.
AnhNhngtliti,tvngcnhin,hi:Ngingithno?
TinivvicHi,tiphibocodimtcht.HilmtngicngthamgialphunluynvitiQungChutnm1926,banhl
P.VHiytinhnthyanhtalngithchnchi.Xacchnhaunhiunm,tichcanhtatinbnhiu.Nhnglnnyquamythng
gngi,tithyanhtacnhiuchkhngnkhpvitcchmtngicchmng.
Xinkmtsviclmth:
Thiunghimchnhtrongquanhnamn:Anhtathnghaynichuynvsinhlctnhchtkhiudmtrcmtphn.Cln,buitii
chicngvin,thymtcgingitrngh,anhtachythngnngibncnh,anhVnvtiphiphtngng.Clndophthymtc
47/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
nsinhitphatrcn,anhtarobc,uatayngocvotaycnsinh.Thmchanhtacnnir,cchuynngimcsngmchnh
anhtaltcgicavicmcsngy.Anhtaninhvyctkhoecitichimgicamnh,nhngckhiqumm,anhtacngkhoecciti
cangivanhtatrongnctrckiachimthngcmnhthnothotkhivictraxtcabnlnhcmkhiitutHNivn
Namnh.
Thiunguyntctrongvicutranh:TrchttimunninvicutranhvingTrnTrngKhc.ngtalmtngixutdngt
hingDu,khibNhtuivTrungQucccPhanBiChuxpchoquachctrngthucbcs.LnnyvTrungQucc
TrnNghi,TnhtrngtnhPhcKin,nguynlbnhccangta,gipchomynghnbc,angchunbmmtphngkhmbnhNamKinh
lytin.ngtavnbitanhemcchmngXimbtrcxutnanggpkhkhn,domtmnhngHHcLmgip,nhngphtlhnh
nhkhngcchuyng.AnhVnbstcaonmngaytrcphngngtamngtacngkhnghimtcu,vcilluncangtamngibnh
cnthythuc,chthythuckhngcnngibnh.Nginhvylrtxu,thtngchtrch.Mthm,Hibntnhdngbolcbtngta
phixuttinchoanhem.kinnytikhngtnthnh,nhnglicmyanhemVnNamng.Hibnlidnglctiivng,cs
nghcabHHcLm,komyanhemVnNamnuyhipTrnTrngKhc.Tiiphv,nghetrngcctingchnpmnh,chyln
ththyHivmyanhemmingicmmtthhungkhthslmlmnhnvoTrnTrngKhc.Trnhongqu,xinnphaichcbc.Ti
thyylmthnhngvchnhtr,nukhngnithsmtuytncang,tilinbcngayvophng,nithng:
CTrn,anhemchngtiygpkhkhn,rtcncsgip,nhngngchngtikhngbaogichtrngdngbinphpuyhip
csgip.Chygilistin,saunynucctnguyngipthsa.Cnccngchlmnhthnylkhngngchtrngca
ng,xinmixungnh,cgchngtasbnvinhau.Nghetinixong,ccanhemVnNamurt.Hicngrtlun.
LimtcucutranhkhclutranhvingNguynHng.Mthm,ngNguynHngmimyanhemVnNamncmlyginng
vimyanhem.Myanhememvnbocovichngtivxinkin.Chngtichtrngdnglinithng,ctuytkhngnhn.Hi
lichtrngcnhn,rilcnschnnhngmnnvrurtttinnhnmtmvmtkinht.MyanhemVnNamlnhng
ngimigicngtheong,chackinhnghimhotngchnhtr,chorngHilngigii,ngilnho,nntipthukincaHingay.
Trchmin,hnhiuniutratnccmnnvruqu,hmsaulcnnsginhngmn.NhngngNguynHnglmt
tayluc,khiccanhemgithcn,trcmthnkhngnig,nhnghnchythngvobpbonhbplmmnnkhcrtinhn.Cnru
thlcngiphcvarahaichai,vamxongmtchai,thhngitlychaikiaxemnhnhiu,rikhngchomna.Thlkhochkch
nvmtkinhtkhngthchinc.Myanhemlinngdymngnmthi,ribi.HnhngnyivingNguynHngcnhin
lmtnnng,nhngngvmtphongmxtthhnhngnhvy,ngichnhtrngnkhngbaogilm.
Chnhngngngtronghotngchnhtr:MthmHiniviti:Vsaochngn[6]bosn,bygimythngrimchng
thngnon.ClHngCngcchuyngri.ChngtacnamyanhemVnNamiThngHihotng,ngthitmhiutnh
hnhHngCngrasao.Tinivicinyphicchtrngcatchcmilmc,nhngHikhngnghe,cbomyanhemVnNam
48/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
chunbinrnvhnhllnng.
TilinemvnnybnvianhLThitHng,nhttrnhnnhrngcnphingnchn,nucvymxyravngthchngtaphi
chutrchnhimvicchmng,ving.
Bnxong,chngtimicHivmyanhemVnNamnnichuyn:VicccanhiThngHilnnylmtvicrtmohim,chngti
khngtnthnhvngkhngcchtrngnhvy,chngtikhuynccanhnginuccanhcttinithlhnhngcnhnca
ccanh,xyrachuyngngkhngchutrchnhim.MyanhemVnNamngheninhvyuchi,Hicngnhphithi.
Quaccsvicnitrn,tinghrngHicthlmtngibincht.Khnghiutrongthigiancngtcviccanh,ccanhcthyg
khng?
Nghexong,anhNhvvaitivnirng:ng!Anhlmtngicconmtchnhtr.nglvtnhhnhanhta,chngtikhngnhnivi
anh,nhngbygianhthyri,thticngnianhr:
Nm1926,saukhihunluynQungChumtthigian,hncgiithiuiLinXhctpchnhtr,rihctpkthutvtuynin,ttc
lbynm.Trongthigianhc,hnyumtngicongiNgacontsn,bnhcvngchkhuynhnngly,hncly.Khihcck
thutvtuyninri,hndngvtuyninnhchongPhpbcin,phbnhngPhpkhnghtscgipcchmngngDng.ng
Phpkhnghiuuuirasao,nhLinXiutramimibitlhnlmbynhth.KhihntLinXvnc,inHixmuy,chic
tuchunbchohnicnphichmtthigianrimilnng,hnttintrliMcTKhoagpv,rimuavliiHixmuy.V
thyhnlungtungnhvy,nnchngtikhnghnthamgiaihing.Hnbtmn,bmtlinlcvilnhsPhpHngCnghng
btcihi.LnhsPhpmccvihnnubtcthsthngnmvnbcvschoidulchmtvngquaccncchuu.Hnkhng
ngchngtikhnghpihiHngCng,mlihpMacao,nnhnvht,khngbtcgc.vy,hncnnhtiptcln
sngtronghngngcchmng.Nhngchngticmanhmitheodihnvbitkhrviclmcahn.ihihpxong,chngtitruyhn,
hnphiththtvni:Taothyngtngtinqu,nnnhlathngPhplymtttinchongdng!Chngtihi:Thbygianhnhth
no?Hnni:TaosvitbcthchithngPasquier[7]mtmcttquanhviPhp,richngmychotaoiLinXvivtao.ng
bolmg,taocnglm.Chngtinghkinnycthtipnhnc,vahninhLinXqunthctthnlhnvimnh.Hm
sau,hnachochngtimtbcthgiPasquiervitsn,i:Taosutitrungthnhvichnghacngsn,chvthiutin,taonhla
chngmylymtstin,khngngchngmylingungcnnicholmtchicthphccchmng.Cuithhnvmtanh
ngtrtbra,vbncnhmtcuThngPasquiermtb...tao.ChngtilybcthgithngchoPasquier,richohnaanhVnn
yingyiLinX.NhngviciLinXbygirtkhkhn,chabitbaogimicthic.
*
49/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
NixongvicP.V.,anhNhnitip:Lnnytinyctnnhttnghnngoiracncmtnhimvnalxemxttnhhnh
myanhembtrcxutnynhthno?Vvicny,anhckingkhng?
Tini:AnhemXimbtrcxutnctmngi,tranhLunvanhclhaingitrongncbkhngbchysangXimtnm
1931,tichgpmtviln,nnkhngbitr.Cnccanhkhclnhngngchvqunchngrttt.Hinnayyvmtchnhtrc
ngHHcLmbom,khngngig,nhngvmtkinht,nucngHphmmichckhngn.Theoti,nucththa
anhemiHoaNamspxpcngtcchoh,cccngtt,nukhngcthcnggiiquytchomtsngingthinucth,anh
nnangHmtstingnhnngchongy.
AnhNhni:Tisuytnh,HoaNamtrcmtcngcnhiukhkhn,cthaimts,cnnavnphiyvvnphinh
ngH.AnhycnnhngHgipanhemkimviclm,mnhtlgipanhemvmtsinhhotchnhtr.ngthiphitmcchn
nhttngvchtheodihnhngcaHi.VicngHmunthnhlpmttchccchmngngkvingccylmt
sngkinhay,anhcthcbnviHicnggipngHlm,nhngphimbolmttchcqunchngctnhchtphndislnh
ocang.TicngniviHinhvy,anhkhngngi.
Myngysau,anhNhriNamKinhmangtheoccanhTrut,i,K,Trinh,ngAvngTrnh.ThlsngingHphiph
mgimimtna.TivmyanhemkhccnliNamKinh.
III.SinhhotvutranhNamKinh
Mangn,vntrctintrachochngtilvnnhcaanhem.NguynkhianhemXimnphitmxpnhnhmt
ngibnnngthnTnDn,idinvipGiangMngngaHQuan,cchnhngHsu,bycys.Lmtcinhcthnil
dikhngphn,trnkhngtranh,mahcnc,mangthkhngtinochngnirt.TivanhCpmthnmtthngchykhp
NamKinhtmnh,cuicngtmcmtgianrtintrungtmthnhph,cchnhngHkhngxalm.Mithngvatinnh,tin
inncphitrsungri.
Vnnhxong,linvnort.Anhemxnngn,chngaicortc.TinghnunhngHththtlbttin,nhphini
vingNguynHngvaynmtttin.Ntrlirng:Mnhlmgctinmchovay.NhnghmsaunachobHHcLmbachc
bcvnicvnhnchochngtibit:Chngnlcngsn,chngnhiucukhnglaongthkhngcn.Bygitigip
chngnhaithng,mithng15ng,sauhaithngnuchngnkhngkimcviclmthmck,tikhnggipna.BHnhntin
vklicunivichngti.Chngtini:Chngtihtsccmnngbtntnhgipchngti.Cngkhngphilcch
mng,ctinanhembtrcxutnycngcngimttrmbcgip.CnthngngNguynHngncmcchmng,rilichi
cchmng,chngtikhngcmnnu.
50/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
ctinri,tivanhCpliikhpNamKinhmuao.Mang,orttnhinlt,tinkhnggncuimang,orthgi,
mimuacmychicochoanhem.VitNamccungthe,hpnilnstringctrongcucsngcanhngngicngkh.
Lnnyquavicmuaortchoanhemmithyhtnghacacuniy.
*
Mthmsaukhincmtra,ngHHcLmgiHivtinnichuyn:Anhemchngmnhy,nhiungichacviclm,sinh
hotkhkhn,mchnhtrlikhngcdanhngha.Danhkhngchnhthngnkhngthun.Trctibnviccanhnnlpmttchc
cchmngngkviTrungngQucdnngTrungQucy,nhvyvdanhnghaschpphp,ngthichngtayucuh
gip,nuhgipchocnhgipbnVingTngthnhlpmtbinsxythcngtt.Vyccanhbntnhthnocha?
TivHitrli:Vicnychngtibnviccanhem,thynulmcnhvythrttt.Chngtidnhthomtbniulac
xem,nucthycthchngtacthbttayvohotng.ngHtihnntmtlnbo:Ththccanhthongayi,thoxonga
mnhxem,richngtacnglm.
Myngysau,HithoxongbniulbngtingVit,tidchratingTrungQuc,nidunggngingnhiulcaPhnngminh,
nhnglytnhilVitNamclpngminhhi.
ngHxemxongkhentt,nhngquentheokinhnghimTrungQucthnhngtchcctndithnghayghirccitngitt,nnng
nghsauchVitNamclpngminhhinnvitthmmychgittlVitMinh.
Chngtingvarangaymtkhochhotngcthmchngtitraoitrc:
ngHsvitthmiNguynHiThnvmtvingiQungChulnibiuchoVitkiuQungng.CnNamKinhth:
HHcLm,LThitHng:ibiuVitkiuNamKinh.ngNguynHngnuthamgiathvonhmNamKinh,khngthamgiath
thi
LQucTr,TChKin:ibiuVitkiuVnNam
ngVnCpvti:ibiuVitkiuXim
Hi:ibiuVitkiuPhp
CaoHngLnh:ibiuonthtrongnc.
Khngbaolu,iulcsachahnhoicchVitcngnhchTrungQuc.
NguynHiThncngmangmtngiVitkiuhVitQungChuln.ChngtiaiulchoNguynHiThnxemvnirmc
chyucunhchngtibn.NguynHiThntnthnhngayvrtvuimng,butmmnimtcu:Chngtalmthnynhtnh
TrungngQucdnngTrungQucsphigip.LpcBinsx,tisyhotng,khngtrvQungChulmcinghxem
51/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
snhtrcna.
*
unm1936,ngHHcLmvitthxinTrungngQucdnngtipkin.ngHHcLm,NguynHiThn,Hi,LQucTrvti
cngi.ntrsTrungngQucdnngTrungQuc,mtibiucaTrnLpPhu,BtrngBtuyntruyncaQucdnng
TrungQuclcratip.Nghetrnhbyxong,ngtanhnvnkin,hasngkvbocoviBtrng.ThlvicthnhlpVitNam
clpngminhhigpthunlibcu.
CuchinghtuynbthnhlpVitMinhcchunbgp.
Quavicgiaothip,hinghctchctiphnghpcangbkhuphcaQucdnngTrungQuc.Thamdcuchpvphatac
ngHHcLm,NguynHiThnvnhnganhemkhc20ngi.VphaTrungQucchaingiibiucaTrungngQucdn
ngTrungQuc.VingTngibiuBinsxVitNamQucdnngNamKinhcngcmind.ngNguynHngt
chikhngthamgia.
HinghbtubnglichomngcangHHcLm,rigiithiuqutrnhhotngcaviclphi,vicTrungngQucdnng
TrungQucngkiul,riciulvtuynngnthnhlp.ibiuTrungngQucdnngTrungQuc[8]phtbiukin,i
tvhoannghnhvcnhcndichcTnTrungSnlgipccdntcnhyu,nhngtrongcchtrnhbyvnlracimunni
VitNamtrckialthucTrungQuc.VingTngcngphtbiukin.Hinghgiithiumyngiphtrch[9],ngulngH
HcLm,NguynHiThnvmyngitronganhemchngti.Cchtchcginnnhvy,mcchlcthpphphathmmtbc
vmtchnhtrcaVitMinh,mthcchtlhpphphaavchnhtrcaanhemtaNamKinhtronglc.
biuthshotngtchcccaVitMinh,ngHHcLmtxuttin,ramtttpchnhbngchTrungQuclytnlVitThanh,
slngphthnhchmttrmcun,ctgichocccquanQucdnngTrungQucNamKinh,cngcgichoVitkiu
QungChuvCnMinhvichccun.
*
VicngHHcLmngralpVitMinhlmtvicctcdngrtquantrng.Trnkiatinivlailchcang,naynithmmtvi
imthyrcitcdng:
SaukhiphongtrongDuthtbi,ngHHcLmNhtvTrungQuc,lnlinhiuninhngphnnhiulgncPhanBiChucho
nlccbbt.Nm1927,TngGiiThchramtphncchmng,ccngchchngtaTrungQucgprtnhiukhkhn.Lcny
52/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ngNamKinh,sauxinclmthammuBThanhmuTngGiiThchvicptrungt.ngkhngthamgiaThanhnincchmng
ngchhi,mcngkhngthamgiangcngsn,nhngccngchtamikhigpkhkhnnguyhimchyntmng,ngbitlcng
snnhngvnchechvgipmtcchtchcc.
Thdnm1930,ngchTnAnh[10]lytnlLBtQunnVnNamhotng,bbnVHngKhanhbochongccVnNam
bt.ngbittin,linxingpTngthammutrnglChuBicxinnhinchoLongVnbotha.ChuBicni:ThanhninVit
NamTrungQuchinnayulcngsnc.ngtrlimtcchthngthn:NgiVitNamchngtinTrungQucctlnhTrung
QucgipnhTy.QucdnnggipthhtheoQucdnng,CngsnnggipthhtheoCngsnng.TikhngbitLBtQun
cphilcngsnkhng,nhngtibitranhtalNhtv,cngCng,mtngvuaVitNamluvongNhtgiaophnhimv,
nhvychcchnanhtalmtngiyunc.TixinTngthammutrngnhinchoChtchLongVnyucuthachoanhta.Chu
Bicngmnghmthirini:ngnicngcl.Vyngthobcin,tischogiichoLongVn.ngHthongaybcin,
cChuBicphchunrigii.ngchTnAnhkhibcmtvctrcxutquaMinintheosyucucangch,sau
mtthigianngchtmcchvXimtiptchotngcchmng.
Lithdnhnm1933,ngchngAbhinbinhbtNamKinh,ngchkhailnytmngHHcLm.Bnhinbinhhi
ng,ngni:NgiVitNamTrungQucbittirtnhiu,nhngtikhngbith,vyphichotigpmttimitrlic.Khigp
ngchngA,ngkhngquennhngbitthtlngiVitNamtVnNamn,ngcmbochocthavsaucngipchovohc
trngkbinhcaQucdnngTrungQuc.
nglmthammuchoQucdnngNamKinhtmnm,nhngkhngcthngchc,cvnlcptrungt.Cngibongnn
nhbnnghclmquantogiithiucbt.ngtrli:Tilmvicychngquachctkimcmnsngmthi.C
cmnlc,kschngthchuchningirnh[11],chtikhngmunnhaibt.
Linhnm1940,ngbbnhnngnmchabnhvinQuLm(QungTy),bnhccanglBchSngHynthm,giVintrng
bnhvinrabophihtsccuchachong,dphidngththucqumycngcdng,htbaonhiutindoti(BchSngHy)ph
trch.ngcmnBchvni:CchmngVitNamlcnyangcncgip,nglmtnhnvtln,timongnggipcchmngVit
Nam,cncnhntithnhngnghckhcgipcng.
ngkhngphilcngsn.nglmtnginhohc,nhngthchnhngmttchcccamtsgioiucaoNhonhn,lng,
cung,kim,nhng,l,ngha,lim,s,nhn,iv.vvnggipngtavccngchchngtartnhiu.
ngkhngphilcngsn,iunyQucdnngTrungQucbitrtrmphntrm.ngngralpVitMinhtronglcnyivichng
tamnilmtschechrtchiulc.
NhngthigianchngtivnngthnhlpVitMinh,cnglthigianTngGiiThchangchngCngmtcchclitmcduphong
troichngNhtanglantrnkhpTrungQuc,nhngkhuhiuphndngcachnglTinynni,hunhngngoi,hnhngca
53/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
chnglthgitoanmttrmngicnhnbstmttncngsn.RingNamKinh,thVHoai,nithngxbnnhngngicng
sn,lunlunctingsngn.vy,mtrongmVitNamvinhau,nhngngitcochngtilcngsnkhngphilkhngc.Vi
ngTngcmthchngtalikomyngingchcahnngNguynHngmutoanchiarchngtamylnuthtbi
nn cng ht sc cm th. Bn ny chnh l bn cung cp tnh bo cho Quc dn ng Trung Quc ph hoi Vit Minh. V vy, t Vit
thanhchracbabns,ngHHcLmhttinphinhbnNguynHiThntuytchccchyvyhtchnynchkhcu
khngcktqu,cuicngphiangiVitkiuhVicngvQungng.Thlmihotngnhch.CitnVitNamclpng
minhhichnmtrongsngkcaVnphngTrungngQucdnngTrungQucmthi.
Nhngsaubnnm,cuinm1940,tnhhnhcchmngthayi,cslnhotrctipcaBcH,BinsxhingoicaVit
MinhcthnhlpQuLm,ngHHcLmlChnhim,anhPhmVnnglPhchnhim.HiTrungVitvnhacchmng
ngchcthnhlp,ngHHcLmvanhnguthamgiaBanlsvitcchlchnh,phChnhimVitMinh,thcitnVit
Minhminibtlnvcitcdngtchcccanmicphthuymtcchthchng.
VicQucdnngTrungQuckhnggipcchmngVitNamlvicmchngtilngtrc.Vvytrongkhihotng,chngti
vnlunlunnghnvictmkimviclmchoanhem.
Mthm,chngtiboanhcnichuynringvingNguynHng,yucuhngiptmviclm.Thyanhckhkh,tngcth
likoc,hnnhnsgip,nhngramyiukinrtucng.Anhcbocolivichngti,mingingheucmtc,nhttr
quytnhphivchmthnchomingithyr.
MtbuitisauTtmlch,tngdinhngHHcLmanhemnng.NguynHiThnlcchavQungngcngc
mt.Khochnh.ChngtiphimtngilntngtrnmingHvnhnggingNguynHngcngxung,anhemcvic
munni.ngHxungthyanhemngtvvuimng,ngNguynHngthyanhemngcvlmlt,nhnglmravbnh
tnh,hncngngixung.
Anhcphtngntrc:
ThacH,cNguynvttcmingi!Anhemchngtiylu,khngkimcviclm,cphinhvocHmi,chngtirt
lylmkhcoi.Miri,ticnhngngNguynHnggiptmviclm.ngynhnsgip,nhngramyiukinnhsau:
1.Nubnglngthvingy,phtrchlmcmnc,gitqunovqutdnnhca.Sncmcangy,nhngphinring.
2.Mithngngystrhaingbccng,nhngkhnglyngaytngthng,mcngygi,lcnoiu,ngystnhac
chomtlc.
3.vingythkhngcxemschbovilivianhem.
4.ngycnnirng,trcmtchanvingyngay,mphichnkhinoanhemriNamKinhthtislycgxinli,
sauminvingy,chongykhimangtingchiar.Thtlnhngiukinsnhc.Khngvingythcphinhvc
54/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Hmi,mvingythphibanhem,bcchmng.Xinhaicvanhemchokinnnxtrnhthno?
ngNguynHngngphtdyningay:Mymahtcha?Nhngiutaonivimy,taocthnivicthinh.
Nixong,hnnhchun,nhnganhCp,anhLc,anhVnngngngtrccnhcakhpvnhnchmchmvomthn.Hnngi
imkhngdmng.
Theosphnphitrccaanhem,mtngingdyni:
AnhngNguynHng!Nhngiuanhnivicchmnganhdmnivicthinh,cnnhngiuanhnivimtthm,viquc,
khngbitanhcdmnivithinhkhng?Chcanhphigiukn.Hmnaynhnchaicvanhemngy,tiphinirmi
ngikhinhm.
AnhcngxutdngquaXimvinhiungi[12],ngitaulmcchmng,cnanhthtrntrnh,lunltcihcvildohc
cnhiukinthcsgipdngipnccnhiuhn.NhnganhihcmttrngoCccaM,rivtuyntruynoC
c,vanhvitthchotonquynngDngxinvuhng.TonquynngDngtrlibtanhphilpcngchucti,thlanh
nhnlmmtthmchothngHng,lnhscaPhpBngcc,mithnglnhnmmingbcXim.Khianhttnghiptrnglc
quncaXimclmchunyngKhnqungthuctnhUon,anhbmtatinvtnhhnhcchmngVitNamchoPhp.Vic
bil,anhthyXimkhnglmncna,phichyquaTrungQuc,lilacHxinvicchoanh.
Viclmcaanh,chngtithyrnhnhnvobntaycamnh,nhngchngtitnganhxarichvynphnlmnththi,khng
nilmgna.Ainganhctiptchotngchngcchmng:LcanhemXimmibtrcxutn,anhchcrnghsontrchcch
mng,nnnixucchmngvbanhemphnkchli.LcanhgpmyanhemVnNam,anhchcrnghkhngnghcchmng,nn
tmcchlikovbccanhyvchmt.AnhgipcHbachcbcmuaortchoanhem,anhninhngcurtlulo,mchng
tikhngthmtrlili.nlnny,anhcnhanhkimvic,anhliaramyiukinrtucng.Anhtngnhvycthlmnhc
cngicchmngchng?Khngu!Nhvyanhchtlmnhcanhmthi.Tikhuynanhtnaycynphnlmn,ngginhng
trdbnyrana.
Nginivadtli,ngNguynHngthycnhcam,cththotthnc,linnigngmtcu:Tikhngthmnghechuyn
ccanh,rilchcnhca,ctthnglngc.
NguynHiThncimtkhngnimtcu.
ngHHcLmlcu,nhnhttheocibngencahntvkhinhb.
Khochxinviclmkhngcktqu,anhemvnphidavosgipcangHHcLmtrongiukinrttngbn,vycnphisp
xpthnochoththplgimnhphnphmchongHcchngnohaychngy.ChngtiitmmtgiannhnhchongH
NhLangMiu,ngthixpanhVnnnucm.Nhvy,ngHsbtcmtstinthunhvngiphcv.Haianhem
55/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
VnNamcnliilmthgitmthiugitqunocangiHoakiuttrcri.CnsunginalHi,Cp,c,Lc,Lunv
tithtptrunggiannhnhmithuctrongmartvaqua.ThlgnhnngcangHbticthmmtphnvcchnca
anhemcxpthplhntrc.Vvicny,ivichngtithnghnhth,nhngiviHithlikhc.StincngHvL
ThitHnggiplcnymithnglhaiming,nhngphitrmtsungritinnhvtininnc,cnmibangril
tinncasungi,thmcsngnhtnhlthp.Hilngithchnchi,litronghoncnhnhth,anhtacngphitkimchmt
phnno,nhngvnthngthngtrnhanheminringngoi,vthngthngtvbtmn.
VokhongthngtmlthngnngnhtNamKinh,vanngnc,vakhamkh,Hikhngthchucna,phinithtvichngtil
hnmuniThngHivxincgip.ChngtingvniringvingHgipchohn15ngi.
Saunycbit,hnnThngHidynhychocccginhyhpm.Nm1937,xembotrongncthyhnbbtvbktn
minmkhsai,minmcmc.Tinngnhth,chclvbcthvitchoPasquierHngCngthinm1935.
[1]tcTren
[2]tcLongCong
[3]HongSm
[4]tcHHuyTp
[5]BanChphnhTrungngngXimlcgittlXimy
[6]munchccngchtrongBanchhuyngoicang
[7]quantonquynngDnglc
[8]thcslngiphtrchcangbkhuph
[9]giithiuchkhngbuc,xemnhvicri
[10]quhuynThanhChngtnhNghAn,tnthtlLHngSn
[11]dchnghacuchHntrongschMnhT:Sninhtcuhc
[12]hnxutdngcngmtthigianviccngchLHngPhong,HTngMu
56/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
IV.MtmilinlcviXimy,liTrungQuc
Vokhongcuithngchnnm1936,anhPhngChKin,ngiphtrchviclinlccaBanchhuyngoicang,gitinvvitth
chotigiiHngCng.
n,anhchunbchomtchchungvimtgianhcngnhn,phigptinnhmithngbnng.Dnngiithiuvichnh
xong,anhdttiincmvnichuyn:
Miri,Ximythngtrichobitangbkhngbnng,phnnhiucsVitkiungBcbphv,cnbchchtbbthuht,
nghchngtixpchoanhvXimngay.BygichchgiaothngXimnlanhcthi.Chanhhinnaylnhmtngicng
nhntt,nhnganhphiravlmtngithtnghipangchxinviclm,vchngtinivihnhth.
ravlngiixinvic,cmingysngdyltiphii,tramiv,nghvibagi,richiulii,cbanchnmigiti
miv.ThnhthonggpanhPhngChKinmtln,unichactintc.Cchnhthkhonghnmtthng,vnkhngctintcg
c,anhPhngChKinniychluqukhngnn,anhhyvNamKinh.TininucnchitintcbnXim,thtthnlcho
tivQungChuhctintccaXimylthuxpviciXimcnhanhchng.AnhPhngnimirichngtigimanhCp
NamKinhvQungChumyngichabitspxpcngvicncha,nuanhvnachcsthmkhkhn.HinnayNamKinh
cnanhVn,anhnnvNamKinhgipanhy.
ThltilivNamKinh.
*
nNamKinh,vakhogpdpGiaothngbinhonangckthituynthmhcbinh,tilinnhanhLThitHnggiithiuchovo
Giaothngbinhonhcnghlixe.VoGiaothngbinhonriphitheonvitpktvhunluynVuH,tnhAnHuy.c
haithng,thnhncincangHHcLmgivNamKinh,bngbodrngclctintcgtHngCng.NhngkhivNam
Kinhgpng,thrangxinchocviclmtthBThamMunimnganglmthammu.Tthlmtchcvchuyn
lmvicsaochplcmivo,ngcpchuny,sauvithngclncpthiuy,lngmithnghnbaming.Thlvmtsinh
hotcthttc.
TrungQuctnm1931,NhtchimngBclpraMnChuquc,phongtrochngNhtngycnglncao.Nhtltcuinm1935,
HngqunhonthnhthnglicucVnltrngchinh.ngCngsnTrungQucrakhuhiunhchnichin,onktchng
Nhtlicngcnhndnnghmnh.ThngHi,ccngThmQunNho,TruThaoPhn,SaThinL,VngToThi,Chng
NiKh,LCngPhcvbSLngcngkhaituyntruynlinCngchngNht,bnTngbtgiam,buctilthnCng,varax
ntiTChu.Vnny,nhndngilvnbyqunt.Trongphintaxn,mtngiquntni:Ngicngsnncm,chng
tacngncm,saongicngsnbitchngNht,mchngtalikhngbitchngNht.TronghngngcaTngGiiThchcngcs
57/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
phnhasusc.Thng12nm1936,TrngHcLngbtTngGiiThchTyAn,iphicamktchngNht,vTngcngcam
ktrimictha.
Tuyvy,NamKinhvnlmtchrtenti,schbotinbhunhkhngltvoc,ngayccucbiutnhcahngvnhcsinh
vsinhvin,mtmnhtrngthyrrng,nhngccboNamKinhkhngnglymtch!ChthnhthongcctThgiitrithcv
mtvitbotinbxutbnThngHithmibitrtnhhnhthgiivsphttrinvvnhavttngtinbTrungQuctrong
lc.
Thng71937,qunNhtbachuynmtngilnhNhtmttch,koqunnLCuKiu,uyhipthnhphBcKinh.Discpca
nhndn,TngGiiThchphituynbkhngchin.Nhngthng8nm1937,qunNhtchimThngHi,riphvphoiGiangm,
TngGiiThchlinquytnhbNamKinh.ChnhphvcccquankhcudiiTrngKhnh,ringBThammubygiitnl
BQunlnh,thdiiVHn.TiltthtrongBQunlnh,tnhinlphiitheocquannVHn.
*
VHn,cngvicsaochptnglnrtnhiu,vitgiybnbngbtlng,vitgiythanbngbtch,vitgiyspbngbtst,vnkin
hngng,ckhivitkhngkp.Philmviccbanm,rtmtnhc.NhngcmtiuthvlsaukhiThngHimt,VHntr
thnhnitrungtmvnhacaTrungQuc.Nhiunhnsvngilmcngtcvnhatinbutptrungy.DihnhthcQuc
Cnglinhp,bnQucdnngkhngthkhngchoccbovcchiuschcangcngsnvcanhngngicxuhngchnhtr
tinbramtqunchng.Vivy,mingy,ncmtraxong,tiuntimncch,muamttTnhoanhtbo,cquanngnlunca
ngCngsnTrungQuc,vaungncvacbo,cchokhtncmtixonglinTnHoathimhocSinhHotthimtm
schxem,xemxongthyquynnocncklithmuamtquyn.Thikny,ticckhnhiusch,nnivitnhhnhthgii,
ivitincacuckhngNhtcanhndnTrungQuchiucrhn,ivichnhtrkinhthc,trithcvccthngthcv
khoahcxhi,ivichnghaMcLninucnhngthuhochnhtnh.
Mahnm1938,vokhongthngsu,anhPhngChKinnVHn,chobitslinlcvingXimhontondthn.Anhbn
vitisigpngchDipKimAnhthngbovvicTrnBovgiithiuanhVnvtiihcDinAn.
TrnBokhiXimtngilChot,chuynlmvicphindchchoccngchtatrongXimy.Nm1934,cphiigpccngch
trongBanchhuyngoicangbococngtc,nhngkhnglmtrnnhimvmlicnthamtinng.Nm1937,ccng
chcnbtaXimubbt,hnBngcccnglngnhng,XimyphihnabnchcthanhninHoakiuvncthamgiaTnt
qun.NhnghnbanhemHngCngriilungtung,anhemchmi,httinn,phikonhauvQungChu,cngibtcd
phixingianhpquniDHnMu,khngckhngchinmcnbixtheokiuphtxt.Nm1938,hnnHnKhugpng
chDipKimAnh,khoelHoakiuXimvnckhngchin,cngchDipKimAnhtipitt,vcachohnmtcidanh
58/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
thip,nnsauhgpccngchlhnadanhthipcangchDipKimAnhrakhoekhoang.
AnhPhngChKinkttclailchvhnhngcaTrnBochongchDipKimAnhnghe,vnghchhn.Tip,nin
chuyngiithiuanhVnvtiihcDinAn.ngchDipKimAnhtlihoannghnhvnisgiaochongchTrnGiaKhanggp
chngtibncth.
SaumylnbnbcvingTrnGiaKhang,tixinthivictthBQunlnhvaanhVnncngnmchBinsxBtl
qun,ngiThchDngHng.Nmchhnhaitun,ccngchBtlqunchobithinnayngictrctr,khngthi
c.ThlchngtiphitmcchrakhiBinsx,anhVnlivGiaothngbinhonvianhLThitHng,tiiTrngSa,thph
tnhHNam,vingHHcLm.
*
NguynkhiBthammucaTngbThNamKinhthchngcngbcngHHcLmbngcchphongchongcichcgilLu
thchnhim.Luthchnhimnghalngchnhimphiligicquan!ngHthyrcchixhnmtcachng,nntrc
khiNamKinhbNhtchim,ngacgianhvianhVniVuH,thuctnhAnHuy,gilichanhLThitHng,cnngthi
TrngSa,xinlmthammuQunqunkhudoTnhtrngtnhHNamTrngTrTrungkimlmtlnh.
TrngSalcnybnhynvnonhit.Mtsngitinbtphpli,thngmccbuidingingvthisvccvnclin
quannkhngchin.Nudingingngvobuitithticnginghe,vbanngyphinhichvnucmchongHHcLm.
ngmtci,ctinQungChumt,riCuGiang,VHncngmtnt.TnhhnhTrngSatrnncngthng,dnchngnhonhc
ngoingph,hngqunphnnhiungca,cccquanlidnchy.
Sngsmngy12111938,haichicthuynlndoQunqunkhutrngdngchnhnvinitnc,trongcngHHcLm,Trn
Bovti,bturibn,thTrngSabcchy,khilanghingt,mybayNhtbaylingtrnbutri.
ThuynnTngm,dnchngcngnhnnhcchylonnhTrngSa,trnbnkhngcngikhunvc.Tingibntrngnom
ngHHcLmngm.TrnBoivophtmmimithucmtchickiukhingngHvimtsccnthitvrtnh,
cnbaonhiuthkhngqunna,vtbcbibn.
ibmingynhuynTnHadcng,cbomibitTrngSakhngphibNhtchim,mvtiHngianphaotin
NhcDng[1]mt,nnybanbovTrngSa,trongcvtlnhVTutvvcnhsttrnghlnhtiuthchytrn.Ln
chynylmchtnmvndn,vthiutrikhngbitbaonhiultisncaNhncvcanhndn.MytnHngianhlnhtiuth
bxt.
LiibhnmingynaminhuynNguynLng,phatytnhHNam,trnngtiQuDng.ychngtigpnv
59/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
GiaothngbinhonmanhLThitHngltiuonph,trongcnhiungitrcbitngHHcLm.Vvymchngticth
inhxecahtngchng,tngchngmtdichuyndnvhuphngxahn.
*
Trnccchngng,HongBnhthuctnhQuChulchmchngtidngkhlu,vyyntnh,ngHcthnghbidng
sckhesautrnm.Thigiany,chngtivnlinhthnmtvimtscnbtrongtiuoncaanhLThitHng,trongchai
anhtrungitrngtinb,thngmangtheomtsschchnhtrc,nhngcnhngquyncmtschmccanhkhnghiungha,
phicucunchngti.lnhngquynschnivchnghaMcLnin.SlsaukhiTngGiiThchtuynbchngNht,vic
QucCnghptcthnhhnh,nhngnhxutbncnhttmmtschmi,thaythnhngchcthchcmtQucdnng,
thunlichovicphthnh.ThdnhlychYlk(cmlYlixi)hoclychlngangncphu(cmlUliangnp)thaycho
chLnin.LychKhanh(cmlKhar)thaychochMkhct.LychBnhkiu(cmnanlBucgioa)thaychocht
sngiaicp.LychPhlalitpli(cmnanlPrltaria)thaychochvsngiaicp,v.vVitrnhttnghiptrunghc
vngTngchim,hkhngthhiucnhngch.
Licmtanhtrungitrngkhc,trnhthphn,vyumtcgiotinbnngthn,milngpnhau,ctaudnmuachomy
quynschchnhtr.Nuanhmuaschchongiyu,mmnhkhnghiugc,nhnhithsao?Anhtaphicgnghctrc,chno
khnghiuphihicnknmchc.cnglmtchichngtigipanhtavmtllunvnhnthccchmng.
Chtrongthigianvithng,chngtilikocccanhythnhnhngngiccmtnhvingcngsn,trongcanhXKhun
trmuniDinAn.Vvy,trongdpgpBcH,chngtibocoviBc,vBcgiithiuanhyviBinsxBtlqun
QuDng.SaungyTrungQucgiiphng,anhXKhuncdplinhcvichngti,mibitrngchngtilngicngsnVit
Nam.
SaukhisckhengHHcLmcbnhphc,linhncchuynxeinhc,tiangHiQuDng,thphtnhQuChu.
TheosgiithiucamyanhemVnNam,khinQuChuchngtinhVHngKhanh,mtngitnglydanhnghaVitNam
QucdnnghotngVnNam,sauvvicgitngivtngtin,bngccVnNamtrcxut,agianhvmtsthanhnin
Vitkiunnhc.
VHngKhanhvncnghetingngHtlu,naycgp,thylmtngihinlnh,omovkhimtn,yrtphc.Tiitheo
ngH,tnhnlchu,nnycngtinlmtngicchmngqucgia.Chuyntrkhmnm,hahnsaunyvCnMinhscngnhau
bnbccngtcvnngVitkiuVnNam.nhVHngKhanhkhngymtthng,nhnggycntngttvimingi
trongnhvmyanhthanhninVitkiutheoVHngKhanhtCnMinhn.
60/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
unm1939,nhndpcxeiCnMinh(VnNam),tibnvingHHcLmtiivtrc.ngng.ThltiiCnMinh,
cngviccngchtatiptchotngcchmng.
Giaionthhai
TCnMinhnPcB(19391942)
GiaionnyktkhinCnMinhunm1939chonkhiriTrungQucvPcBcuinm1942.Nhnghotngtrongthigianny
sctrnhbyquaccmcnhsauy:
TnhhnhvcngtcCnMinh.
ChuynhnghotngvphaQungTy
HotngLongChu.
HotngTnhTy.
BbtBnhMnh.
CucutranhLiuChu.
Chunbvnc.
BnmctrntrcphtbiucunungundoNhxutbnVnhcHNiphthnhnm1975,nayvnginguyn,nhngmimc
cthmmtmcnhthngnhtcchtrnhbytrongtonphn.
I.TnhhnhvcngtcCnMinh
unm1939,sauTtmlchmtthng,chiatayvingHHcLm,tiitQuDngnCnMinh.nniccngchxpcho
nhanhTngMinhPhng,mtgianhcgicngcchmngvtheongtnm1936.Tplmthmaymtthigian,riimay
mthiumaynhvnngmthanhninthmayVitkiu.SauxinvolmthXngchatStaivnngcngnhn,nhng
chcvithngthxngbitlcchmng,buirakhixng.T,khithchanhTngMinhPhng,khithchanhng
TrnhsauanhPhngChKinntchcBanhingoivxpcchlmcquanbmtintiliutuyntruyn,thtithngch
anhPhngChKin.
CnphcquamtvintchnhvtnhhnhvcngtcCnMinhcaccngchchngtatronglc:
CnMinhlthphtnhVnNam,thuckhuTyNamTrungQuc.TheoiucbtbnhngMnThanhkviqucPhpnm1885,
cngtyxelaPhpxydngconngxelachysuttHNiquaLoCai,HKhu,nCnMinh.TtcngiVitNamlmvic
61/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
trnxelacngnhccgaulcngnhnvinchcdocngtytrlngviukhin,ngccTrungQuckhngcngchmn.
CnMinh,ngiPhpclnhsqun,civtuynin,cbnhvinringvmtxngsachaxetlStai.SngiVitNamqua
VnNamtrnccthtrncngxelachnhainghn,lmccnghtdonhcttc,thmayvmtsnghltvtkhc,ulb
concacccngnhnvinchccacngtyxela,uthucquyntrngoicalnhsPhp.
Nm1929,NguynThNghiptranhavlnhtQucdnngviNguynThiHckhngc,mtthmbtrchochyquaVnNam.
yhncuktvimttnVitkiumtthmcaQucdnngTrungQuclNguynKimNgvmttnxptanhtaychncaPhp,
bmthotngtronggiicngchcVitkiu.Nm1930,saukhicucKhinghaYnBithtbi,VHngKhanhlittrongncchy
ra,nhpbnviNguynThNghip.cschophpngmcaqucPhp,vsgipcangccTrungQuc,chngtchc
VitNamQucdnng,avomtslumanhlmctcnuyhipvladiqunchng.TrsVitNamQucngclpnhiu
nitrongtnhVnNam.TiCnMinh,chngcncmtcihiqun,nichonglmtcichoctcncachngquali,cncctn
lnhtnhNguynThNghip,VHngKhanhthudavosquyngpcakiubovstngtintiuximtcchtrylc
khchsn.Mtngiqunchngbitchuynemnilivibcon,chnglinginhiqunphtngnghim,ttvomtmycirigiao
hntnayvsaukhngcnichuynlnht.
Thigianchngchotngcngkhaicnglthigianchngtranhginhnhaukchlitvhngthvav,muthunniblnn
cao.NguynThNghip,VHngKhanh,bNguynKimNgkchramtvanhiuvicrabuxu,chnglinchochongigit
NguynKimNg.Vicbl,chngubbtgiamCnMinh.NguynThNghiplinvitthxinlnhsPhpCnMinhcanthip,n
nm1933thngccVnNamtrcxutchngquaQungTy.
Quanhngsvicktrn,uytncachngttxungnhxungdc,ttccscachngccniubtanr.Mtsngicnc
thccchmngulabchngtmnglikhc.CcanhTrnQucTun,ngTrnh,LQucTr,TChKin,bchngiNam
Kinh,gpccngchtavcsgipchuynbindntheonglicang.
Cuinm1935,ccanhVAnh,ngA,ngTrnhcphitNamKinhvxydngcsngvtchcChiblytnlChib
VnQu.
Nm1936,VHngKhanhlibmtvCnMinhhotng,nhngqunchnghtscchnght.Nhngphntphnngvnngm
ngmchngcchmngmbygiVHngKhanhcndnglmctcn,tnhrachcnhnmingi.Vischlcngn,ccng
chChibVnQuvnhotngvidanhnghaQucdnng,ngthitmcchangchVAnhcngvong,hnhthnhmt
nhmcnhttrongutranhtrcdinviVHngKhanh.Quamtthigiantuyntruynvnng,nhmcnhtchimuthtuyt
i.HilaocngthnichocngnhnvHithiunindctichothanh,thiuniucthnhlp,naydongchngAnmhon
ton.KhingchngAnghitntThithuytratichng,VHngKhanhkhngchu,hntvitlytThithuytvtin
ly gi cho qun chng nhng u b qun chng x toc hoc ph ch vo ri gi tr li. TThithuytcht, ng ch chng ta ra ti
62/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
chngtuyntruynchchngcang.VHngKhanhhotngCnMinhkhnglu,thbqunchngtcovingccTrung
Quc,libtrcxutmtlnnaquaQuDng.TuyvyVHngKhanhvnkhngngnghotng,vCnMinhvncnmtstaysai
cngkhaihocbmtlinhvihntiptcchngcchmng.
*
Nm1939,saukhitinCnMinhkhngbaolu,thVHngKhanhlivCnMinh,lnnyhncNghimKT,mttncvca
TrngKhnhvchech,nnngcccoilngichotnghpphp.Nhngtrckiacngnhbygi,nhnglnchngtriutphi
ngh,chngtauphingchvngoqunchngnthamdvchmt,nnchngrtscccuchpcngkhai.trnptinhthn
qunchng,mttnctcnclccachngthlsquancaQucdnngTrungQuc,trngtrnrtkhusngngneobnhng
tlnbngianhanhTngMinhPhng,nirng:Hcnnghemythngcngsnthcoichngy!Mtln,chngtriutpmtcuchp
rtkncmiibiuQucdnngTrungQucnd,chngtavnbitvxptmtsqunchngcatan.Hinghvakhaimcth
ngigccngcachnglatolnrngbnTrnhngHin.Thlqunchngnhonhc,lnxnkhngthnhtrttna.Chngphi
tuynbhinghgiitn!AnhTngSncbtrtrc,ngibncnhngiQucdnngTrungQuc,niliuuichohnghe.Uy
tncachnglibpmnhmtlnnangayctrcmtbnQucdnngTrungQuc.
Tuyvy,chsaumtthigian,chnglithngquabochvThngtnxTrungngcaQucdnngTrungQuc,ramtbntuyn
ngnivithicuc,tuynbchtrnghptcviPhp.TnhinldoQucdnngTrungQucbochnglm,nhngcngl
sphttrinhplgchvingliuhng,phncchmngcachngttrcnnay.ChngtalinlydanhnghaVitNamhng
ngTrungQuckhngchhuvinhi,mttchccthnhlptnm1937,ratuynbvchmt.BntuynbvitbngchTrung
Quc,cgiichottcthngtnxccnc,choChnhphTngGiiThch,choccbo,cconthnhndnTrungQucvcho
kiubotaVnNam.Bmtphncchmngcachngcngcqunchngthyr.
NgoiVHngKhanhvNghimKTra,cncmtnhmTrtkitbabntn,cmulmtanhctrnhvnha,bitv,bitnn
tng,chunhhngcaTThuThukhsu,haynilluncvcchmng,cthnhlamtsqunchng.Hntuyntruynvn
ngkiuboxungngbiutnhchngPhpvingccTrungQucgimthu.Hnivnngnucngbchngtathng
cnh,mmukhngthchincvhontonbclp.
Cuinm1939,ngchPhngChKintSnuvCnMinh[2],tchcBanhingoicang,lnhomimtcngtctiTrung
Quc,gmbangi:ngchPhngChKin,ngchVAnhvtilcnylytnlLQuangHoa.Banhingoiramttbonhlytn
lTruyntin,sauitnthnhngthanh,tuyntruynchtrngonktchngPhp,nghTrungQucchngNht,ngthivchmt
nhngluniutuyntruynlabpcabnVHngKhanh,NghimKTvbnTrtkt.
*
63/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
unm1940,BcvCnMinhlytnlHQuang,ngvaimtgioquancpthiutcaBtlqun,chTnHoathim,nhng
thngluitichngchPhngChKinchocngtccaBanhingoi.
Vchnhtr,BcnhgivicChibVnQulikocqunchngnhtannhhngcabnNguynThNghipvVHngKhanh
lmtthnhtch.ngthicngphphnmtskhuytim,vkinBanhingoisachali.Thd,Bcnhnnhcucbicng
cacngnhnxelatrcydoChiblnho,mcchchnthunnhmvovicchngPhpkhngchuynchvkhchoTrung
Quc,chchabitnhnmtuyntruynthcchngNht,thccchmngrngritrongqunchng.VvyBcnghlydanhngha
VitNamhngngTrungQuckhngchhuvinhiphttruynnsutdcngxelaHKhuCnMinh,kugikiubo
chngPhpvgipTrungQucchngNht.
Vvictuyntruyn,BcnghitntngThanhrat.T..TheoBcgiithch,th.T.cthhiulngThanh,cngcthhiu
lngTm,cngcthhiulutranh,vcngcthhiulnhTy.CcbivittrongbonythngcBcduytvsa
cha,nnchtlngnngcaovcchvitginddhiuhn,qunchngrtthch.
VviclinlcviccngchcngsnVnNamcttrc,nhlinlcvingchTrnPhng,ngchMTKhanh,naydcs
xctincaBclicngthmcngcvphttrin.
hiubittnhhnhVitkiutaVnNam,bccngngchPhngChKininmychdcngxelackiubongnh
MngT,NghiLng,KhaiVinvChThnlinhviqunchnganglmchaychonhngngibbomNhtgitchtBuaChai,Bc
vanhPhngthamgiallmchay,anhPhnglybiKhcngbobnnBuaChaitrongbo.T.rac,qunchngrtxcng.
TheochthcaBc,phttrincsvnggipgii,BanhingoiphingchLcnlmvicHKhulinlcviqunchng
vbmtlinlcvitrongnc.
uthng5nm1940,anhBicMinh[3]aanhPhmVnngvanhVNguynGipvithgiithiucaTrungngnivtrong
ncangckhngbnngirangoitmcchchoihc.BanhingoibtrchohaianhbmtgpBc.Bcquytnhsgii
thiuchohaianhihcTrngihcQunchnhDinAn.Trongthigianchi,theochthcaBc,chngtitchcvichclchs
ngCngsnLinX.Cchhclchianhaumingicmtphnribocomingiphtbiukin.Lphcnychcanh
ng,anhGip,anhPhngChKinvtithngxuynthamgia,ccanhkhcnhanhngVnCp,anhVAnhchthamgiamti
bui.
*
Ngy2061940,PhpmtPari.BcgiccngchBanhingoinbnbctnhhnh,vquytnhchuynhnghotngcngtcv
64/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
bingii,rivtrongnc.
Cthniylmtbcngotlchsrtquantrng.
Quytnhxong,BciTrngKhnhgpTrungngngCngsnTrungQuctraoikinvthicc.ChuynnyBcihnmtthng
miv,vlcithmuavmybay,nhnglcvphiixecngcngvchidcngkhlu.
Mtvntraphisuynghlvbingiithvngno?y,ngaytkhiBcnchxptngibingii,nhngchnhtr
VnNamkhngtt,dcngibingiicngkhlnghotnghnna,cctnhgipgiiVnNamnhHGiang,LoCaithcs
qunchngcachngtachac.Nhvy,cihngtnhtonlphinhmvphabingiiQungnghocQungTy.VakholcBc
cnTrngKhnhthchngtinhncthcangHHcLmnichihotngcchmngn?TrngBiCngcQucdn
ngTrungQucgip,hinanglinlcccnitmngicchmngVitNam,ngthimunmingHHcLmrahptcving
tatrongvicny.ngHHcLmvnbitTrngBiCngkhngphilngicchmng,nnvitthvCnMinhnghchngtii
QungTygpnmlyngtakongtalmby.KhiBcvnCnMinh,chngtiavicraboco,Bclinquytnhccng
chPhngChKin,VAnhvtiiQuDnggpngHHcLm,ngthiinchoccanhng,GipangBinsxBtlqun
QuDngchngyihcDinAn,vanhCaoHngLnh,ngiaanhngvanhGipitCnMinhncngliQuDngch
chngtincngiQungTy.
II.ChuynhnghotngvphaQungTy
TrngBiCngvnlngiVitNamlmsquancpthiutngtrongbiQucdnngTrungQuc.Trcvscchmnglinly
n,nnngtatrnhkhnggpmtngiVitNamno.Lnny,cQucdndngTrungQucgiaotrchnhimtchcvictnhbov
chunbsaunylmtinochoHoaqunnhpVit,ngtamicnnngiVitNam,vmicnngHHcLmracnghotng.
TheosgiithiucangHHcLm,chngtiigpTrngBiCngiKiu[4]lchngtatcquanlmvic.Trnggp
chngtithyulnhngthanhnintuntcvnha,cchnhtrvcbitlamhiutnhhnhtrongnc,khcvisngiVitNam
vHoakiumngtatphpc.
Tnhinchngtigpngtalbnbcvthicuc,vtnhthcchmng,vtnhhnhhotngcanhndntrongncvcakiubo
ngoi,ngthicnglmmtsviccthnhvitmtstiliuvtnhhnhtrongnc,xutbntpthcacchmng,thuytphcmts
ngiVitNamvHoakiuchungquanhngta.Nhngquasbnbcvingtavquamtvisvic,nhvicbochngtilmdtonv
schitiuvsinhhot,vicvnngchngtitpqunsvngnghimlcthyngtanv.vlnhngvicrtnguxun,mchngti
uctuyt,ththyrngtachlmtanhqunphit,taysaiQucdnngTrungQuc,chmunlidngchngtilmtnhbo,vem
khnngcachngtirakhoekhoangviQucdnnglytnnhimmthi.
NhngcivicnguxunnhtlvicngtavitttctnchngtinpchoTrngPhtKhuvbocorngchngtilnhnvincac
65/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
quanngta.Chngticclcphni,btngtaphirttnchngtirakhidanhsch,vphibochoTrngPhtKhubitchngtil
nhngngicchmng,khngphilnhnvincang.Tnhinlmnhvythngtakhngcncchng,nhngchngtivnkin
quytutranhiphilm[5].
Mthm,BctCnMinhn,chngtibmtgpboco.Bcphntchtnhhnh,richtrngphibTrngBiCngvang
HHcLmlnQuLmlmmtcshotng.Sautlu,chngtithuxpbTrngBiCngiQuLm.
*
Vokhongthng10nm1940,khichngtinQuLmthBc.ngHHcLmcngcxptnchabnhvinQu
Lmri.ChngtithngbmtgpBcBinsxBtlqunbocovxinchthvcchhotng.
Vnutinlvnlydanhnghaghotng?BcchtrnglydanhnghaVitNamclpngminhhi,vmingHHc
Lmngrachtrchngtadavonmhotng.ChtrngxutphttchVitMinhlmttchcmtrckiacngving
HHcLmkhngphilcngsnmlithtlngnghchngta,nungngrascnhiuiuthunli.
Rtngtnhvikinny,ngHHcLmnhnngtnlChnhimVitMinh,giithiuchngtiigpLmUtbnhccang,hin
anglmHiutrngPhnhiuqunstrungngtiQuLm,ngthilPhchnhimhnhdinhkhuTyNamcaTngGiiThch,
mLTThmlChnhim.QuasgiithiucaLmUt,chngtiigpLTThm.
HmgpLTThm,chngtiicsungi:LmBKit[6],DngHoiNam[7],TrnhngHi,PhngChKin,CaoHngLnhv
tilytnlLQuangHoa.TheokhochcaBc,chngtichunbsnmtbnllchtmttcaVitMinhvitbngchTrungQuca
chong,vgiithiurngTrungQucchngticBinsxVitMinhhingoidongHHcLmlChnhim,LmBKitl
PhChnhim.Lcagiy,chngtinithmmyiminhsau:
VitNamhinnaychaitchcchnhtrlnlngcngsnvVitMinh.Lclngcangcngsnchyulcngnhnvcs
gipquctltamQuct.CnlclngVitMinhthchyultrongcctnglptrnvnngthn.Chngtivnlinhpvi
ngcngsnvhlmtlclngchngNhtkhmnh.Nhngchngticngrtcncsvintrquct,rtmongChnhimhtsc
gipchngti.
LTThmtrlikhntn,inhsau:TheodichcTnTngl,chngtiphigipccdntcnhyu,nhngtrongphmvitic
thlmcthrtnh,numuncsgiplnthphidoTrungngngchngti.Cuicng,ngtakhngqunnhcchngti:Cc
anhhptcvingcngsn,cnchngchohnmquynlnho!
QuacucnichuynviLTThmnhvy,cidanhnghaVitMinhthctcthanhn,vcidanhnghaBinsxVitMinhcng
mcnhinthnhrahpphp.
66/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Sauthm,Bcgi:Chngtahotngcchmng,cngphitramnhccigtrongtay,khngnninghotnglm.Chngta
nnthtanhbthcaLTThmmtbatic,yknhnmnhvsgipmnhnhiuhn.SaukhicBcxutchomtstin500ng,
chngtilmmtbaticchiuitimthiunlnlQunSinhVin.KtqungnhBcdkin.
Cngtrongthigianny,BcgiithiuquanibanhnggpmtsnhvntinbTrungQuc,vnngthnhlpHivnha
VitTrung.Ngy8121940,HicthnhlpCulcbLcQun,lytnchnhthclTrungVitvnhacngtcngchhi.
ngHHcLmvanhngcgiithiuvoBanls[8]vitcchlChnhimvPhchnhimBinsxVitMinhhingoi.
Victhnhlpny,ccboQuLmhicngtin.NhvylavhpphpcaVitMinhliccaolnmtmc.
LTThmtrcyvnlmtngichngCng.NhngbygivicichcChnhimhnhdinh,ngtachctingmkhngcming,
quynhnhthcsunmtrongtaythiutngDngKVinh,mttntrmcvthntncaTngGiiThchcxptbao
vyvgimthngta.ngtathyriuny,nniviVitMinhmTrungngngkri,tvnhnhnvgipchttthvn
khngthitg,mvthdinthivingtalilmtviccli.CnDngKVinhthrtloxc,milngpchngti,hnutv
xoimivthngnichuyntheokiuhunth,thmchclnhncnmtrncighxpmnichuyn.Hnbitchngtiivi
TrngBiCngnhthnori,nnkhngdmtrngtrnqu,nhnghnlunlunmnchuynkchcngsnthmdthichng
ti.
Mthm,DngKVinhnthmngHHcLmbnhvin,hnnitrngrarngchngtilcngsn.ngHHcLmplimt
vkhmnh.ngni:ivicchmngVitNam,ccngchagipcg,nhngvphnringnhcnhnngchnghn,thnh
cchmngVitNammphttihngtriu.ngmunmthanhninchngtilmtnhbochongthkhngcu,hlnhngngi
cchmng.Vnglikokhngcnnngvuchohlcngsnchg?Nungnihlcngsnthnghytmchocchngc,
tislyciucatimbochoh.Sau,DngKVinhkhnggpngHHcLmna,vningycynhiutui,nitcmnh
i,mnhnilikhngtin.
LunniysquamtchtvvicNguynHiThnlcminQuLmmunchiarngHHcLmvichngta,ngHHcLm
cngchomtbihcchng.ngni:Anh[9]vitiquaTrungQuchnbnminmmchalmcmtvicgchodntc.
Naychngtagiri,phichoanhemthanhninhlm,chnhhmilnhngngicnnglclmnnsnghip.HinnayTrung
Qucmunachngtarachngqualchohlidnglthi,chthcrathchngtacngkhngthlmcgnukhngclclng
caanhemtrongnc.
Tikhuynanhcralmvictt,ngnnkncavianhem.NguynHiThnngheni,khngthchthlm,nhngsuytnhlihi,thc
chnVitMinhlihn,nnkhiQuLm,cngnhsaunyvTnhTy,vdanhngha,ngtavntnhnlngiVitMinh[10].
TrongthigianhotngQuLm,nhcschotrctipcaBc,ctingnivthingncangHHcLm,csngh
67/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
tchcccanhngngitinbTrungQuc,chngtaginhcsgipnhtnhcaLTThmvcmtavhpphprrt.
*
SaukhichngtibLiuChuiQuLmthTrngBiCngacingvTnhTy,mthuyncaTrungQucgnbingiiCao
Bng.TrngTrungPhng,ngitrongicaTrngBiCngnhngccmtnhvicchmng,githnQuLmchochngti,ni
cnbtrongncchyrartnhiu,ccanhnnvgp.ctiny,BclinchnhccanhVNguynGip,VAnhvCaoHngLnhi
vTnhTytrcbtlinlcvimcnb,ngthivnngTrngBiCngnhinlnQuLmmiBinsxVitMinh
phingivTnhTybntnhcngvic.
cinmicaTrngBiCng,BcvchngtixptvTnhTyngay.LnnyraicvnghongvLTThmtngtm
trmbclmlphvcpgiychngminhthingvidanhnghaHoaNamcngtcon,ngduchaichTrungchnh[11]
levtotng.BcvttcchngtikovLiuChugpccngchCp,Lc,Trnh,Hin,tCnMinhnngch,ricng
nhaunghongixecngcngvNamNinh.nNamNinhhaingy,rithuthuyniinng.Trongkhiithuyn,vcnbmt
vimtsngch,nnBcngvaimtkgiTrungQuc,thngnichuynvichngtibngtingTrungQuc,khinivthisphc
tpthnibngtingPhpdoanhPhmVnngdch.ithuynbyngythiinng,ccanhng,LcTrnhvHinixecng
cngvTnhTytrc,cnBc,anhPhngChKin,anhCpvtithliThinBochtintctphabingiin.Saumthm,anh
VAnhcixepnThinBogpBc,bocomivicchunbxongxui.Ngythba,Bcvchngtiib,ncmtraTc
Vinh[12]ritiptci,tmgitinTnKh,mtphnhdcng,cchTnhTykhongmicys,ththyccanhVAnh
vHongSmchsny.BcvchngticxpttrongmtnhqunchngngaytrongphTnKh.
*
BcsdnTnKhlctchslinlccaccngchTnhTyvtrongnc.
Thigianny,Bcvchngtithnghnanhng,anhGipngpmtchkhonggiangTnKhTnhTynghephnnh
tnhhnh:CcanhemLiuChuvxptn.Sanhembnmibangi[13]tCaoBngchyra,TrngBiCngtphplit
chcthnhmtnvhunluyndoTrngTrungPhngphtrch,nhngthycchixvhunluynqunstheokiuphtxt,nnanh
emcnhbTrngBiCng,chcnnnnchchi.
Mtbuichiu,Bc,anhPhngChKin,anhCpvtincmchiuxong,angibchbngoing,thgphianhLQungBa,
HongSmitTnhTyn,nitnhhnhnghimtrng,khngthchTrngBiCngna,thuxpchoanhemngymaichyvbin
68/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
gii,cnchngtithnPMngsingvnghihpvianhemCtM.Bcchhiqualoamycu,richohaianhci.Cn
Bcvchngtithvaibchbvatraoikin,thynhvylkhngn,BcbotivanhCpingayPMnggiccanhLQung
Ba,HongSmvhilicnkxptchokpthivthang.Chngtilptcingay,khongmigitinPMng,nammi
trvnTnKh.BcgiithchchoanhLQungBabitrngtronglcnyQucdnngTrungQucvTrngBiCnganghtsc
cnnngiVitNam,nnhkhngbtvlmhianhemu.CvTnhTytchcchoanheminghong,nilvncvnng
qunchng,saukhiitrtltrisvitthchoTrngPhtKhuphphnTrngBiCngvnirldovnccaanhem.Nhvy,h
khngthchomnhlchytrn,vsaunyTrngBiCngcngmtiukinlidngcchmng.
NguynvngTnhTy,BnhMnhtrongnhngnmTrungQucchngNhttrthnhmtbphnquantrngcakhudukchQungTy.
MtsngchchngtanhLQungBa,HongSmmtmtthamgiadukchviqunchngTrungQuc,mtmtphttrinlclng
cchmngccvnggnbingiitrongtnhCaoBng.nkhitrongncbPhpkhngb,ccngchphiamtscnbchyra
ngoitmthinngnuchTrngBiCng.BngctinngccTrungQucclnhcholngbt,anhemskhngmbo
nnmitngtbchy.lmtcchxlthiustrngthytondinmBcvchravunnnli.
SaukhickincaBc,anhHongSmliTnKhvichngti,cnanhLQungBathtrliTnhTyxptaanhemimt
cchcngkhaivCtM,riphntnrircxungquanh.Lcrai,TrngTrungPhngcntvquynluynhnanhemsaunyligp
nhau.
Vic43anhemriTnhTytinhnhctrtlt,BcbotithomtbcthbngchTrungQucanhemgichoTrngPhtKhu.
ThoxongaBcxem,Bcsalimych,tithysanhthvnngnhngvnphpkhngng,nncthcmchili.Bctrli:
Chchbitvitthlvitth,chchabitchnhtr.NgiVitNamvngdntcvitchTrungQucthnomngvnphpc.
Vitsainhvyhmitinlanhemvit.Cthnicithnyhaychvitdt,nunhvitngvnphplilkhnghay.Victuynh
nhngivitilmtbihcsuscvcngtcqunchngvcngtcthct.
T,tivanhHongSmcthngilivngPMngcngcvphttrincngtcqunchng,vqunchngylnhngngi
ccmtnhvidukch,vinglicangCngsnTrungQucvccmtnhvicchmngVitNam.Chnhy,cuinm1942,khi
Bccntrongncralymtngiqunchngidnng,ringicngbbtmtlcviBcvbgiamchtnhgiamLiu
Chu.
Cuinm1940,unm1941,anhBicMinhangchHongVnThttrongncnTnKhgpBcbocotnhhnhtrong
ncvtnhhnhchunbchoHinghTrungnglnthtm.
Sautlu,csbingiicchunbxong,BcvccanhPhngChKin,ngVnCp,HongSmchunbvnccnti,theo
chthcaBc,iLongChulinlcvxydngcsy.
69/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
[1]cchTrngSamttrmcys
[2]ngchbbtHngCngnm1938,btrcxutquaSnu,hunluyndnqundukchmtthigianrivCnMinh
[3]mtngchtrongChibVnQuvnccngtcttrc
[4]cchtrungtmLiuChumycys
[5]VtnhhnhTrngBiCngsaunycncchnirthm
[6]PhmVnng
[7]VNguynGip
[8]Lsyvinhi
[9]chNguynHiThn
[10]vicnyscnnithmccphnsau
[11]duhnhchnhcaTngGiiThch
[12]chsaunyBcbbt
[13]trongcanhLQungBa
III.HotngLongChu
HmiLongChu,ticiquaTnhTynhngkhngghvochanhem,mcithnglun,dcngbtbnvimtnginngdni
LongChumuamui.ihnhaingynThcLong,mtthtrnchiacchvitnhCaoBngbngmtconsngnh.ychainoi:
MtnoiquaaphntnhCaoBngthchcbncysmngbngphngdimtnokhcngxamihaicysmliphi
troquamichninithminnicchnghm.NongnyngiTrungQucgilXpcucong,nghalmichni
ni.Lcspsanchr,ngibnnngdnbonniquangVitNamchogn,nhngchnhlivmnhlngiVitNamnnkhng
dmingy,phinidianhtarngtilivinituyntruynkhngNht,nuiquaVitNammlnhPhpbtcthsl
chuyn.VyanhcchukhiquangXpcucongvitichovui.Anhtangtnhngaymkhngngnngig.icmton,th
gpmtngilnhtuntrabinphng,ngilnhnynghrngchngticthucphinhocvkhnnmiphiingnytrnhPhp,
anhtalinkimtrathychaingikhngcglcm,chtrongmnhticmtchngminhthcaBinsxVitMinh,nicphi
nLongChucngtc.AnhtahiuginnVitMinhlonthchngNhtnncchoi.Nhngkhivntrschhuycanbin
70/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
phng,anhtabocoviThtrnglmtthiutthnghaylinlcvibnPhpbingiiCaoBngvtngbtmtsngiVit
NamgiaochoPhplytinthng.TnthiutnylingiinthoibochonbinphngcuingXpcucongbitn
bt.
Lcihtmichnini,xungnchngbng,trngvphatrcthycmtcinvclnhnggctrcca.Tihingi
bnng,cbitlnbinphngcaTrungQuc,bygimiynlng.Nhngignncanththynhiulnhvcsnggit
lilttrongnira,cvchunbnbt.Thtvy,lcngncan,mttinghtongli!,ribnlnhchasngvyquanhly
haingichngti.HvnkhmxtcngchthyccichngminhthcaVitMinhvmttQungTynhtbo,anhntrngboa
chaichngtivonchyvin[1]nxt.Tiningicngivitichlmtngiimuamui,khngclinquang,ngh
nganhyitdo,cnti,tisnsngychyvinn.Ngibunmuictha.Tivon.
nchlmvic,anhntrnghichuynmtcchcnk.TigiithchchoanhtangheVitMinhlthno,vgitQungTynht
borachontinnivvicthnhlpTrungVitvnhacngtcngchhiQuLmchoanhtaxem,vnithmrng:Nuccng
khngtinthcthnhinlnhihnhdinhcaTngyvintrngQuLm,hocnhinlnTrngKhnhhiTrungngcng
c,vhiVitMinhcachngtingkTrungngQucdnngTrungQuctunm1936.Nghexong,ngtalintvkhch
kh,micngncm,rixpchchonghy.Hnchngiti,anhyvintThcLongn,ticngtrnhbynhnichuynvianh
ntrnglcchiu.Tuyvy,tionchcthnohcnggiiiLongChulnicquanchhuycptrncah,nntinghsngmai
chovingilnhhtngatinLongChu.ngtangtnhngay.
Sngsmmai,cmncxong,tivhaingilnhbinphngcngi.Trongkhiing,ticdxemthicahththyhixvi
mnhtt,tinquntr,tuycngngmtphngnhngainggingny,khngcvcanhgcnhgiimtngibbt.Vvy,miln
quahngqunngingh,tiumihnqu,ungncvnichuynthnmt.Ccngivinhaunhvy,khongbngichiungy
thhaithnLongChu,titnh,hynungnghngimthi,risvocquan.Nixong,tiahvomtquncmngaybn
cnhaimlinlcmmnhangmuntm.Hngitrongqun,tidorangoi,vaicmibcththyanhBiNgcThnhv
anhHcThnhngngaytrcca.Hnhuynri,anhHcThnhbncthicquanngay,chckhngcvicgu,vy
cslinhviQunbcaQunonbamimt.
Tilingichaianhlnhcngncm,ricngHcThnhincquangpcbinlngiphtrchcaonhtchuynkhuLong
Chu.Lchtgilmvic,cbinkhnginthoicviQunb,nntingmtti,snghmsaumichongidn
sangQunb.yticgpThammutrngCmDuyng,vtiplicgpQuntrngViVnTng.ngQuntrngc
nghetibocovVitMinh,nhngkhngquantmlm,mliquantmhithicaVitMinhiviPhcqucqunthno?Titr
li:VmttchcthPhcqucqunldoNhtxydngnn,chngtikhngthanhn,nhngvcnhnbtkai,nuthtlngchng
Nhtthchngtisnsnghptc.ngtacvhilng,mitiungncvdnsaunycvicgthclinhviCmThammutrng.
71/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ThlvicLongChuchpphp,shotngcddngnhcsgipcaQunb.
*
LongChulcbygicmtnhmPhcqucqunbPhpnhvNhtbrinnchyquay,dongccTrungQucthudng.
NhmnyckhongnmtrmngitptrunghuynThngKimdoHongLngvMt [2]chhuycnmtnhmnahnbn
mingitptrungLngGignthtrnBcKiudomtngiVitNamvnngatThtKhra,cngcQunBthudng,i
ngnhlmttrungicaPhcqucqun.
Vntrchtlphitmcchlinlcxemtnhhnhccnhmnythno.ViclinlccCmDuynggip,tinhnhkhthunli.
TigpnhmanhembnmingiLngGitrc,cbittrongcccanhHongMinhTho,NguynThanhng,Honginl
nhngthanhnindnchctchctnm1936,vanhBHKinh,mtngiThtKhcslinlcvicchmng,tilintquan
htrctipviccanhnygiphhiubitvnglicang,vquahgipchoanhemthyrvicangiraychoQunb
dnglmtvicbladi.Saukhibitnhvy,slntrongsnhmnginyubvnc,cntmngilccanhHongin,Hong
MinhTho,NguynThanhng,v.vliihcquns,thkhinNamNinh,LiuChuunhnlVitMinhvutranhiitheo
VitMinh.
CnivinhmnmtrmngiPhcqucThngKimthvngxavkhngcmanhmigcamnhtrong,nnslinlc
khngd.Mthm,tigpCmDuyngngmuniThngKinhthmanhemPhcquc,ngtangvcpgiygiithiuchoi.Ti
aBHKinhcngivBlngiThtKhchcchncthgpcngiquenbittrongnhm.
KhinThngKinhthHongLngivng,LngVnntipchngtitt.ChngtitgiithiulngiVitMinhcQunb
giithiunthmanhem,ngthinitnhhnhcchmngtrongncchongtanghe,ngtatvrtthch.Tigihingtarngti
mungpanhemcckhng?ngtatrli:CHong [3]ivng,tikhngdmquytnh.ycngthamnghhHong,ngi
TrungQuc,cQunbphinchochngti,nucngyngthtishlnhtriutp,vanhemtnratngnvnh
trongmylngxungquanhy.TilinnhLngVnchongiatiigpngthamngh.ngnycnghetikchuynVitMinh
ngkTrungng,lpBinsxQuLmvcthgiithiucaCmThammutrng,linboLngVntriutptonbanh
emchotigp.
Sauhnmttingngh,ccnvctriutpn,xphngtrnmtbicrng,cngivbocomiLngVnvtira.
Thtlmtchuynkhngng,mnhchnghgpanhemlingpnginyngikhctichcah,bitulicmtcucgpvi
nghithclongtrngnhvy.Nhngnhthcngoaivcngtt!LngVngiithiutivianhemvminichuyn.Tnhinyl
mtdphimcgiithiuvianhemvtnhhnhthgii,tnhhnhcchmngtrongncvchtrngonktcclclngcchmng
72/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ngoinc.Anhemnghertphnkhi.Sauccnvgiitnvch,chngticngmtscnbhaimingicngvchLng
Vndbacmcvnhbaticchiui.Hmy,trikhrovsngtrng,ncmxong,mtscnblikochngtirabitp,tip
tcnichuyn.ThratrongmnycngicmthydiskimchcaQucdnngTrungQuclkhngtt,hmuncson
ktgiaVitNamvinhaungimnhtqunlyvicmnh.mhm,haichngtinglichLngVnchuyntrthmvi
ngtavhnsaunysngpHongLng.Sngsm,chngtitrvLongChu.
Myhmsau,tigpCmDuyngcmnvvicgiithiuchogpPhcqucqunngthinghvingtavviclpBinsx
VitMinhLongChu,vtrcmtthtmlymtdanhnghagyilihotngchod.TinghlydanhnghaVitNamHoa
kiukhngNhtcngtci,vlymtcihuyhiudnglcilichokhiphixingiychngminhcaQunblunlun.ngtang
tnh.ThlchngtimmttictrchiuigiithiuvicthnhlpVitNamHoakiukhngNhtcngtci,giithiutnhhnhcch
mngVitNam,sauiuchngtiteohuyhiucaicngduQunb.HuyhiunyhinnayngchHongincngic
mtci.
*
SauTtmlchnmsungy,anhHongSmnLongChugptitruyntchthcaBcgiaothmnhimvmillpcquanb
mtvngLongChukhicnthitthdngn.TheosgiithiuringcaBc,tivanhHongSmgpmtcnbchhuydulch
LongChubnvvicny.ngtagiithiuigpmtnglintrnghMngvngHThchgipgiivita,vchngtin
thngHThchgpngaylinb.nglintrnghMnycllmtcnbcang.Quamyngylinb,chngtithyngrt
gind,ccmtnhrtttvianhembinhlnhvnhndnaphng.trimaphnmyhmlin,nhngngvngthntrng
xnqunlncngchngtiixenxtnhiunitrongvng,cuicngchngtitmcmtcithunglngcmtgianhnngdn,c
thlmcquanbmtilivitrongnc,vnucnthcthinsch,bo,tiliu.
Ngoivictmlpcquanbmtra,chngticnnccniccsqunchngttTrungQucmtrckiangchHongVnTh
tngcgip,nhnBnKchlinlcvingPhan,nBnChanglinlcvingTiThu,vlinhvimtsngiccmtnh
vicchmngVitNamLongChu,trongcanhTriuKhNhn,mtngibintpchyucatLongChunhtbo,tuyn
truyncchmngvvnnghgip.
HotngLongChunhvycthnilcktqu.
TivPcBbococngtc.CnanhHongSmvnliLongChucngcthmtinhthnvgipccanhcnLngGiv
kinkhicncsgip.
73/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
IV.HotngTnhTy
Lnny,trnngvPcB,khiquaTnhTy,tivochanhemmyhmnmtnhhnh.y,ccanhng,Giptchcc
chringbit,khngdnhvimTrngBiCng.NgoinhnganhemCnMinhv,cncNguynHiThnvTrnBocngnhnl
VitMinhvcngmtch.SquanhviTrngBiCngbngoikhngcgcngthng,nhngailmvicny,anhemmnhcs
linhtrctipviTrnBoThng,ChnhimChhuys,ibiuchoTrngPhtKhu.
TnhTythm,anhLcativPcBgpBcbococngtc,riliraTnhTycngccanhPhmVnng,VNguynGip
hotngcngkhai.TicchnhlmBthng,chutrchnhimbocovlinlcviTrungngngtrongnc.
Trongthigianny,cngtcchyucachngtiTnhTylchunbtriutpihithnhlphiVitNamdntcgiiphngng
minhthaychocigilVitNamdntcgiiphngyvinhimTrngBiCngvbltuyntruynrmbenglcquanlnho
cchmngVitNam.
Nguynvokhonggianm1940,khiTrngBiCngcgirathnhlpcquantnhbo,QucdnngTrungQucchophpydng
citnVitNamdntcgiiphnguvinhiinvophongbvgiyvitthdng.chngquachlcibithiucacquantnhbo
doTrngBiCngiukhin.Thngtmnmngoi,lcLinChu,chngtithy,hiuvkhngthmmxan.Nhngkhichng
tibLiuChuiQuLm,thTrngBiCngvivchynTnhTymmttictrchiuituynbvicthnhlpciuvinhi
yvgiithiunhngngiphtrchcauvinhi,trongcTrngBiCng,NguynHiThnvhaingiHoakiu.
Chiuivtuynbxong,TrngBiCnglinphiNguynHiThniQuLmvnngxinvintr,thvakholcccanhV
NguynGip,VAnh,CaoHngLnhcngnTnhTy,ccanhbnvinhaucanhVNguynGipcngiviNguynHiThnli
ngtachuynrathnhngiVitMinh,vnm1936khithnhlpVitMinhNamKinh,NguynHiThncchngtigitQungng
ln,cthamgiamivichotngrttchcc.CnhaianhVAnhvCaoHngLnhvnliTnhTythchinchthcaBc:Tm
cchnmlyshnbnmianhemttrongncraphnhamngicaTrngBiCng,vnngTrngBiCngnhinln
QuLmmiibiuBinsxVitMinhvTnhTybnbccngvic.
Mikhochbtrcatautktqu:AnhGipaNguynHiThniQuLmvkongtavviVitMinhththnbnmianh
emtrongncra,tacngnmcthtTrngBiCngcngnhinlnQuLmmiVitMinhtht.
Thcra,vicchngtakocmtonngicngkhaitQuLmvTnhTylktquhotngdischotmvkhnkhoca
Bc.Tuynhin,bcincaTrngBiCngvncnghaquantrnglchngtaphithanhnstnticaVitMinh,thanhnphi
bnbcviVitMinhmicthngnivaitrgidanhcchmng,micstnnhimcaQucdnngTrungQuc.
NhngchngtavTnhTylikhngphilbnbccngvicviTrngBiCng,mtoiukinthunlichocchmngngoi
nc,tchclclngcchmngtrongnc,utranhvchmty,phnhalclngcay.
Vimcch,chngtanghlphiVitNamdntcgiiphngngminhmanhemthnghaygignlHigiiphngthaycho
74/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
cigilVitNamdntcgiiphnguvinhi.Chngtagiithch:gilgiiphngVitNam,thphicqunchngVitNam,
phicngiVitNamcngoinclntrongnc,chnuchcmtnhmngithotlyqunchngquanhqunythgiiphng
g?
ChngtanghthnhlpHigiiphngbngcchtriutpmtcucihiTnhTy,gmibiuhingoivibiucconth
cchmngtrongnc,thngquaiulvcrabanlnhochung.ChngtisthamgiavsthngtrichocconthVitNamtrong
nccngnTnhTythamgia.
Khngcldogbcb,QucdnngTrungQucnhphingvinghcachngta.Nhngnichongthdngcah
khngphichthnhlpHigiiphngmchmunquavicdxemlclngthcstrongnccatanhthno.Qucdn
ngTrungQucngthTrngBiCngtnhinlphiciulm,chngcnchicivouc.
*
Vokhongthng4nm1941,ccibiucatattrongncradihithnhlphiVitNamdntcgiiphngngminhn
ng.
ibiucachngta,ngittrongncracngnhngiangTnhTy,hoctLongChun,uctheosnhucutronglc
mphnvai.Cngilibiuaphngnhibiuchotnhny,tnhkhc,ibiuchoTrungk,Namkv.vCngiibiucho
onth,nhthanhnin,nngdn,vnha,v.vcbitcmtngilytnHcPhngibiucholnhtVitMinhlHongQuc
Tunvsckhevngskhkhnqukhngthnc.HongQucTunlmtcitntchngtabaragiithiuvingcc
TrungQuc.
DiHivphaTrngBiCngcnm,sungi.VphaVitMinhchaichcngi.VphaTrungQuccibiungcc
TnhTy,ibiuChhuyscaTrngPhtKhu,myngiqunnhnctrchnhimvngbingii,NgCnHoa,itrngTrung
VitbinkhuchnhtrcngtcivChnhimDngKVinh,ibiuLTThmtQuLmv.
ihithnhlpdinrartngin:Saukhikhaimcvtuynbvicthnhlp,anhHcPhngthaymtTngbcbcthcalnh
tHongQucTungiihiriTrngBiCngcbcinihigiTnguvintrng.Tip,phaTrungQuccNhan
TngV,strngsonngdcbingiiphtbiukintthingtnhvicchmngVitNamrinDngKVinhdinging
theokiuhunth,inicchmngVitNamkhngdavoscmnhTrungQuc,khngnghHoaqunnhpVitthkhngthlmg
c.
Phnnichuynxong,ihicraBanChphnhTrungng:VphaTrngBiCngcvingi.VphaVitMinhcanhPhmVn
ng,anhVNguynGipvtiluvinchnhthc,TrnBolyvinTrungngdkhuyt,cnmtsnginalngitrong
75/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
nc,khngnhtn.BangimstTrungnggmcbangilNguynHiThn,BiNgcThnhvngVnCpmNguynHiThn
lChtch.
DiBanchphnhTrungng,chiaracct:
TChnhv:TrngBiCng,LmBKit,DngHoiNam,LQuangHoa
TQuns:LThitHng,TrngTrungPhng
TNgoigiao:TrnBo
TTiv:CaoHngLnh[4]
ThltrongdanhschTrungng,danhschBangimstvcdanhschcctukhngcmtngiHoakiuno.lmtthnglirt
cngha.Nguyntrongqutrnhvnng,ngccTrungQucvTrngBiCngcnichochaingiHoakiulMaiCngNgh
vDngThanhDnvo.ngchtacngphnvnkhngdmquytnh,nhngkhibocoviBc,Bcnidtkhot:lcchmng
VitNamthkhngthdoHoakiulnho.Chngtiutranhtheohng,vcuicnghkhngcldogpttheomun
cah.
iviihi,TrngPhtKhucgimtbctrngmng,bnchMinhchcthinnam,tidchlSoirngtrinam.Dchnh
vylcmunlybnchdchbnchchocnivdc,nhngnudchngtheotcah,thphidchlNhnrphaNamca
tri,tltricah,chkhngphitriVitNam.
LTThmcnggimtbctrngmng,bncuth:
TrungVitdntc,
Thunxquanthit.
Tinstn,
Duythitdhuyt.
Bithny,tidchthnhtingVitvvitlunvophadibithchHn.Dchnhsau:
HaidntcTrungVit,
Nhmirngquanthit.
Rathn,musngcn,
Chcstvhuyt.
Ngoira,cnmtbctrngmngcaHiphnxmlcngminhTriuTincbnQucdnngTrungQucnnraQuLm,do
mtTrngBiCngTriuTinlLNhcSnnm.
76/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Saukhiihihpxong,BckhochchoanhngthnyvtrinlmlungmtsnitrongtnhCaoBnggynhhng,v
tuyntruyncchmngtacngminhgip.
McchtathamgiatchcHigiiphngnycthpphphanhnghotngcachngtancngoi,vcngtranhthsvin
trngoivvtchtcngnhvtinhthncchngnohaychngy,nhngVitNamclpngminhhivnlmttchchonton
clp.
VicthnhlpHigiiphngtheonghcachngtalnny,vchnhtrcngnhvthnhphncculnho,chngtachimuth
tuyti,vcthnichngtanmschiphihonton.Nhngnhvy,thciHigiiphngcthcoilmttchclnhocch
mngckhng?Khng!ychlmtccuchnhtrdoQucdnngTrungQucvtaysaicachngnhlpraphcvchomc
chenti,mchngtautranhunnnnthnhramtthcngccthdnglmlichocchmngcata.Vimny,ngaybn
thnchngtilcucngchathmnhunht,nnkhiHithnhlpxong,chngtixutbnmttbonhlytnlGiiphng.In
xongavncmys,Bcxemriphphnvgiithch:Viclnhocchmngldongtrongnc,chkhngphilHi gii
phng.Rabothnyslmchoqunchnghiulm.Cnnhch,khngrana.Nhngsinrarithchmytgichomtsc
quancaTrungQuc,cnnaphitht,tuytikhngcphtchoqunchng.Vicnytuycngbnhthngvquailuri,
nhngtimunnhclithyrcinghachinlcvschlccachngtadoBcHtrctipchotronglc.
TrongkhichunbchoihithnhlpHigiiphng,chngta[5]yucungccTrungQucgiphunluynchomtscnb
quns[6]vmtscnbvmnbcph.ngccTrungQucpngyucuvistnhtonbnthulsnhiscnbta,
tnibtachngnnramtstaysaiclc.
SaukhiHigiiphngthnhlp,cnbVitMinhtCaoBng,LngSn,ThiNguynvmttdixuilctckoradcclp
hunluyn.LpbcphcmihaingictchcngaytiTnhTy,bnhiLongm,gnChhuyscaTrnBoThng,
chhunluynhaimingyriphivnccngtc.Cnlpquns,csumingi,thhbotptrungBinngvil
doTnhTykhngciukinvtcht,nhngthtrathhmunaanhemixadbkhngch.KhianhemcnBinng,
chngtacanhLThitHnglmphtrch,sauhtmcchgti,angicahvothay,ngncnkhngchoanhemlinlcvi
chngti,ngthiaanhemiNamNinh,xaTnhTyhn,vcchnchmichonkhongcuinm1941,mibtumlp
hunluyn.Trongqutrnhhunluynhdngtrmphngnghnkphnhovlikoanhem,nhngktquhkhngliko
cai,vanhembitonkt,utranh,quytkhngmtnginosangthnhtaysaicah.
iivimmuhunluyn,hcncmmumuntmhiulclngcachngtasuhnna.TrngPhtKhuyucuchngta
chomtngisquanhLccpthngt[7]voVitNamquanst.Bcchthcngchovo.nVitNam,Lcthnghiu
ciquanhngnicao,rngrm,nhngsuinh,hsu,nnhiulngbn,lunlungpivtrangcata,ivngquanh
nhngtrmgcvnlnhcach,vnmcicnhvtcn.Banngychctrongnhqunchnghoctronghangni,banm
77/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
mici,irtmt,rtkhvnhiulcrtnguyhimnhngnungtacngcqunchngtrai,gi,gi,trcaccdntc
Th,Mn,Nng,Kinhhoannghnhvtipirthu,vidanhnghaltipiBnngminh.Khochhngdniquanstvs
tipiudoBctrctipvchravchothchintm.
Quanstxong,vnTnhTy,Lcthnghiuvitmtbnbocodinmmit[8]trnhTrngPhtKhuviktlun:Hntm
miphntrmnhndnmytnhmngtathst[9]utheoVitMinh,nnTrungQucmunlmgVitNamchiuqu,nht
nhphilinhviVitMinhmic.Cnhinbococangtacnhiuchthiphnglnkhoecng,nhngciktlunnhth
lilmtthct.
*
Mtvicbunci,lHigiiphngvathnhlpxongthTrngBiCngchuniBnhMnhngay,vchmyhmsau,khini
bchngtaanglinhoanvinhauthTrngBiCngbbtBnhMnh,vicitidanhldnhvovicbunlu.ng,Trngc
lmcinghbunlutht,mtshctrqunscayngqunbingiithngngviychuynhnglutVitNamvTrung
Quc,ngthichuynvttchintranhtTrungQucsangchoNhtvPhpVitNam.Nhngnguynnhnchyukhngphich
,mlvnchnhtr.
NguynTrngBiCngtkhicQucdnngTrungQucdngnnaylintipvpphinhiuthtbi:Victhnhtlkhi
LiuChuchngtiiphirttnkhidanhschicngtccangta.VicthhaillphcsinhhnbnmingiTnhTyb
vncvvitthtco.VicthbaltkhinTnhTyngtakhngacmtnginottrongncravmtnginot
ncngoiv,triliVitMinhthnolcnb,nolhcsinh,hunhlcnocngcngiquali.Vvicthtbilnnhtltrong
victhnhlpHigiiphnglnny,scviVitMinh,ngtatralhontonvdng.
Ngoira,cnmtvicnacngdnhnchnhtrlvicbnunhimtrng[10]chomtsHoakiumongsaunyQucqunnth
cchctcsn,schngnhiuquynli.VicbnunhimtrngnylmchoChnhphPhpphichnhthcphnkhng
TrngKhnhiChnhphTrungQucphixl.ylcictrctipmTngGiiThchphihlnhchoTrngPhtKhubt
TrngBiCng.BtTrngBiCngcnhinlmthnhthcgiodclmchoysaunytrthnhmttaysaingoanngonhn.
Nhngcngcnghanalraoaichongikhcbitrng,quyntrongtayh,hmunbtailcnocngc.
*
SaukhiTrngBiCngbbt,nhmngibhcaydndnphntni,tdiquyniukhintrctipcaChhuys.Mihot
78/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ngcchmngTnhTyhunhudonhmVitMinhnmc.
Thng5nm1941,TrungnghpHinghlnthtmPcP,ticgivthamd.NhngtrongqutrnhHingh,tithngphi
chyichyligiaPcPvibnkiabingiibtrviccnhgiithngBc,bomantonchoHingh[11].Vvy,tich
thamdHinghmtsbui.
VchtrngnglimHinghvchraughirtrongvnkincang.y,tichklimtvivicmtronglctic
ntngrtsu:
Tronghingh,theokincaBc,TrungngquytnhitnMttrnphnngDngthnhMttrnVitNamclp
ngminh,gittlVitMinh.Nhvy,tchcVitMinhmchngtisdngTrungQuchiunm1963nhmtschlci
phvihoncnhhotnghpphp,thtcuinm1940,quaschocaBc,cnhnghotngthcs,vnaytrthnh
mtmttrnrngri,tphpqunchngngocacchicuquc,thchinnglichinlclinminhttccclclnggiai
cp,ngphi,ccnhmcchmngcunc,cctngiochngPhp,Nht,nhnghquytTrungngxcnh.
TrongHingh,ccngchnghBclmTngbthBanChphnhTrungngngtrctiplnhocchmngcnc,
nhngBckinquyttchi,vnghcngchTrngChinh,ngitnglnhocngtcngtrongnc,mnhim
chcvTngbthcang.Tuyvy,ngchTrngChinhcngnhtonthTrungngvncoiBclbcthy,vndnhchoBc
quynlnhocaonht.
HinghTrungngxong,ccanhTrngChinh,HongQucVitvxuihotng.VngitPcPvxuibchkimsotgt
qu,nnphivtbingiisangTrungQuc,ivngquaLongChu,rivliThtKh,LngSn.AnhCaoHngLnhtchcchuyn
iny.KhiquacctrmgccaQucdnngTrungQuc,anhLnhcdnggiyingHoaNamcngtcondoLTThmcp
chochngtitrcy,nnkhigprcrigiiquytctrtlt,khngxyravicgngtic.
Vphnti,sauHinghTrungng,ticngiLongChuxptcngvic,cbitlvicthnhlpBinsxVitMinh
LongChuvgiithiuanhCaoHngLnhlmChnhimBinsx.
Cngtrongthigianny,tigpccanhHongVnKiu,BChnHngtLngSnchyra,tiphbinchngtrnhvphng
phphotngcaVitMinh,phiccanhvcngccsvngHiHoanvccvnggnbingiiVitTrung.lmtcngvic
clinquanncngtcNamtinsaunynhmnhthngngCaoBngLngSnxungThiNguyn.
*
MicngtccaVitMinhuphttrinthunli.NhngkhngphilthunlichomuxuxacaQucdnngTrungQuc,cng
khngphilthunlichovicHoaqunnhpVit.ViunyngccTrungQuchiurtr,cbitlTrnBoThng,ngi
79/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
trctipphtrchChhuysTnhTylicngrhnai,vcngctrchnhimphitchcciph.
NutrckiangtathyvngvoTrngBiCng,thbygiTrngbbt,ngtathyvngvoNguynHiThnvTrnBo,
nhngngicngcdanhnghalphtrchcaVitMinhvlngimngtanhnthycthtincy.
ThigiantrcvsaukhilpHigiiphng,TrnBoThngnhdngthonlunglc,nnivichngticvrttrnhtrngv
rttt.Cthngthngmichngtinncm,mtvitunlimichngtinnichuynvtnhhnhVitMinhchonhnvinCh
huysvmtscquanhuquannghe.Khichngtinnichuyn,TrnBoThngthngchyracanbttay,vmingiu
ngdychorimingixungnhmtlphcchothygiorimingheging.
Clnngtacnngmunynhimtilmthngtdblinlc.Nhngchngtibitylmtthonnhmbinmnh
rathnhngibhcah,hdsaikhin,nnchngtibocoviBc,vctuytkhngnhn.Nhngcngtrongthigianny,
NguynHiThnligichugivchurvTnhTychychtxinviclmChhuyschngtigiithchvnghimnghnidt
khotlkhngnnlmnhth,NguynHiThnvnbmtiliChhuysnixin.
McchcaNguynHiThnivichngtalctcav,cdanhvngvlilcring,nhngtrongqutrnhgngi,ngtathy
chngtachlnhngngicchmng,khngvdanhli,vcngkhnggipgchongta.ThmvolicTrnBolmttnphn
ng,hngngytonhmchncchongtacngtmcchychngtiichkhcchngcthchoncvtrchiphi.Chng
bochoTrnBoThngbitchngtilcngsn,vbatrachngcxcminhiuchngboco.ChonnsaukhiHigiiphng
cthnhlpchmythngthTrnBoThngtvlnhnhtvichngti,ckhinithngrarngchngtilcngsn.Vmtvic
rtloxclDngKVinhtrngtrnnukinianhPhmVnngvanhVNguynGipphiiTrngKhnhhcTamdn
chngha!NhngchuynbinchngtiuvPcPbocoviBc.Saukhinghebocovnghincuy,Bcchtrngcc
anhng,Gip,LThitHng,CaoHngLnhvmtsngikhcuvnccntithlivinhimvduytrcimTnhTy,
vhahoncNguynHiThnchngnohaychngy.CLNhunChi,anhPhmVitT,anhMThnhKnhcngliTnhTy
viti.
VicibphnccngchtakovnclmchoNguynHiThnhhng,cngtrailp.CnTrnBoThngthhtscbc
tc,btkcchuyngutonhviNguynHiThnvTrnBo,ngtachngnhngkhngvnvvitinhtrc,mcnhtsc
trnhkhnggp.TivPcPboco,Bcchtrnghyccgngduytrthmna,TrungngsbtrngigpNguynHiThn
thuytphc,mayracthgingtalic.Nhnglnny,titrliTnhTythNguynHiThnlicnggng.ngtakoc
LNhunChi,anhPhmVitT,anhMThnhKnhinmtchkhcngoitrscaVitMinhtrckia,clptivmtchnh
trvlmkhkhnvmtkinht.ngthingtabocoviTrnBoThnglVitMinhcmmumstngta.
Cuinm1941,tilivPcPboco,Bcni:TnhhnhTnhTynhvylticthspxpvnccngtc,nhnghynBnh
MnhtmcchbocochoTrnBoThngbitlmnhvnc,khimangtingchytrn,risv.Chunbxong,ngchm
80/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
MinhVinatiraBnhMnhnhLngTnhSn,ChnhimBinsxcaChhuysBnhMnh.Lnglmtngithngt
vtinb,haytraoikinvcuckhngchinTrungQuc,vtnhhnhquctvichngti,thnghaygpccngchLQung
Ba,HongSm,mMinhVin,vtvngtnhvicchmngVitNam.NhngnhLngTnhSnchmtbuiti,thsnghm
sautibbt.
V.BbtBnhMnh
VictibbtnhLngTnhSnlmtvicclailch.LngTnhSnvnlmtanhtsnnhkimachBnhMnh,c
TrnBoThngynhimlmchuynvinBnhMnhvichcthiut.HnthngiliTnhTybococngvicviChhuy
s,vthnggpchngti,tralmtngithnthin,ikhianhngschbotinbchochngtixem,hocchochngtibit
nhngtintcctnhchtnib.ngthiBnhMnh,milccanhLQungBa,mMinhVin,HongSmnvnthng
nhhn.LnnytPcPvnhhn,tilinnhhngiinthoibochoTrnBoThngbitltihinangBnhMnh,nhng
hnniquanhcokhngchuinthoi,ticnghingnhngvntvbnhtnhnhkhngcnghg.
Tihmy,hncivl,ticnbramyngbcmuaphomnghn.Tronglkthn,hnmitincmvingNgn,mt
taythphnitingaphngcTrnBoThngphongchcthamnghvicpthngt.Cngncmcncanhhngtrng
vanhgiovinBnhMnh.CthnilmtmmcthtnhngngithngkhchmLngTnhSnlngichngitipi
tuncui.Ticvuixong,tinghngaynhkhchcahn.Sngsm,ticnng,hnnbncnhginglaytivni:ng
chL!Hngtrngmunmingch.Bngmtdyththybnanhlnhdngceosngpchocngbncnhgictimco
iquahngcngsngay.
nhngcngs,chngchngnichngrng,btticmlibnchinh,ribi.Sauhaitingngh,thyanhgioviniqua,
tigianhtanhiniviLngTnhSnrngtimungp.Anhgiovincngchmtvicu,ribi.Khongmigi,Lng
TnhSnchonginhmangcmn,titchikhngn.khongmimtgi,ngNgnnthytibcmtvsngstv
bctc,hngibnlnhdngnmng:ChngmykhngbitngchLlmtngicchmngVitNamhaysao?Dtrnclnh
gingchy,chngmycngphiixmtcchlphp.y,chngmycngngi,cvtrang,ngchycnchyiuv
cnkhngcgcmchngmyixmtcchdmannhth!Chngmyphimcmchongchyngay!
Bnlnhdngmcmxong,ngNgnlinmiticngngibnnichuyn.Hnni:KhnghiutrnChhuyshaytrnTrung
nghiulmngchnhthno,nhngbnnhiconyvlvingch,xinngchngchp.Bygi,hngcngstheo
lnhtrnsgiingchihuynTrnBin,phiinghnbangyvquabahngcngs,tisgiinchocchngcngs
aphngdcngchiucngch.Cnbygirai,tischomtngiihtngbnnhiconkhngdmlmby.Nixong
hnbobnlnhdngraphtmtbtphngonavmitin.
81/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
NghenivthycchcangNgnnhth,tihiurngychlmttnkchcbtr,chLngTnhSn,hngtrng,thy
giohayngNgncngchlmtngmtctmthi.nphxong,bntnlnhdngcmangsngvmangtheomtcunthng,
gictilnng.ngNgnlingingayanhcnbcahnmangmtkhupchoccngivitivbnanhlnhdng.ing,
bngbodrngchuynnythnochngcnggitngmmnhdcng,vtrcynghechuynanhViNamBo,mtngi
VitNamLongChucngbchnggiiivgitngmdcng.Nghvy,nnmilciquakhongrngrmhthycling
mnrvmtbn,thchivicchngavongrbncht.Nhngsaunhiulniquaqungrngrmukhngthyxy
ravicg,nnticphnyntm.Gnti,nmthngcngsththyanhhngtrngttrongchyra,githngtntilngch
L,rimivocngs.XemgiymvknhnxongthbnanhlnhdngvanhcnbcangNgnBnhMnhchohng
trng,riichkhc,cnhngtrngvnnginichuynviti.Mthi,cmtrongnhbngracruthttt.ngtacngngi
nvitivkhuynngngi,chccshiulmgy,nhuynscgiiquytthi.mhmy,ticxpngtrongphng
lmviccahngtrng,cchnmntt,vcngcmyngilnhgc,nhngchtlangisiphngbnngoi.
Ngy hm sau, hng trng ny cho hai anh lnh dng gii tip i, mt mt gi in thoi cho hng trng sp ti, ni ng tham
ngh[12]dnphichiucngchL,khngcngci.Buichiunhngthhai,thyanhhngtrngnycngvnii
tt.Vnhngthbacngvy.ngNgnlmtanhthphsaoliiivimnhttnhth?Lccnghrnghnlthph
nhngvncmtchtkhphchgianghsaunghkththyrngycllmtsbtrcaTrnBoThnghngsaunycnc
thmuachucmnhc.
KhignnhuynTrnBin,tilytdanhthipmangtnLQuangHoavchcvUvinTrungngBanChphnhcaHigii
phngVitNam,vitsnmyhngchmtsaunimuncgpmthuyntrngtrnhby.
NguynnghuyntrngnytrckianTnhTynhiuln,clncngncmvichngtitrongbaticdochuynvinkhu
ThinBochiui.ngnyccmtnhvicchmngVitNamvrtkhmphcNguynHiThn.Khinhuyn,tiangaytm
danhthipchongitruyntnhtrnhbyvihuyntrngangnglmlhcgncnghuyn.ngtanhncdanhthiplin
ngptivithngvophngthuphthilycngvn,riatilncngng,vophngringcngngi.
Trckhiivocuchuyn,ngtagicngvnraxem,tingitrcmttrngthongquaonu,thrachnhLngTnhSnbo
choTrnBoThngvTrnBoThngmnhlnhchoynivihngtrngBnhMnhhpngbttigiilnhuyn.Xemcng
vnxong,ngtani:Theotinhthntronggiytthclngitanghichoanhcquanhvich?Tibitrngvicbbtldo
NguynHiThn,mhuyntrngnyrtphcNguynHiThn,nusaunyngtabitrNguynHiThnnghbt,thclngta
cngchomnhlngikhngtt.Vvy,tikimlintrcvingta:Tilnnybbtchckhngphilchuynghimnghi,
mchnhlvtrongnibchngtichaikinkhcnhauvchtrngcchmng:MtkinchorngcchmngVitNamthphi
davolclngVitNamlchnh,mlclnglcsqunchngVitNammtkinchorngcchmngVitNamtronglc
82/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
nykhngcntchcqunchngmchnhvovicHoaqunnhpVitlcthgiiquyt.Tilngichtrngtheokintrn.C
lvthmngitamungykhdchoti.TinghngcativTnhTygpchnhimTrnBoThngthmivicsr
rng.Huyntrngnghexong,ngmnghmtcht,rini:Vicnibcaccanhchngtikhnghiunhngtiquenbitanh,tis
htscgipanhtrongphmviquynhncati.Nixong,ngtagingigimngcndnrng:ngchLlmtngicchmng
VitNam,khngbitvshiulmgmtrngiaochngtatmgi,vyanhangchLxungditricngvianh,viit
t,chchth.
Titlicmnhuyntrng,ricngixungchanhgimngc,cngchungmtphngvcngncmvianhta,chkhngb
nhtvonhgiamnhcctphmkhc.Saukhonghaimingy,huyntrnggitilnhuynngviscmtvuimngv
ni:Vicanhcgiiquyt,chngtinhncchthcaChnhimTrnBoThngboaanhvTnhTy.Ngaylc,
cnhsttrnghuyncgingiaonhimvchunbngymaiatilnng.LnnytTrnBiniTnhTy,tuycnglmt
ngibgiii,ccnhsttrngvbnngicnhstcngitheo,nhnginghixrttt,khngcvixnhmt
ngit.ingbnhmnTnhTy,anhcnhsttrngativoChhuyslmthtcgiaongixongthxinrav.KhiriCh
huys,anhtacnchotitheolinhbinhvnisaunymongcdpgpnhau.
*
TTrnBinnTnhTyvokhongunm1942.Chhuysnimmnhcgiinchnhlnitrckiathngcminn
ticvbocotnhhnhVitNam.ngKhoatrng,ngiphtrchmnhlilngitrckiathnganmnhvnghemnhbo
co,nnivimnhvnkhchkh,ngtani:HinnayChnhimcniLiuChuvibatunnamiv,ngchcyvi
chngti,cvicgChnhimvsgiiquyt.Thlticxptrongmtciphnggnchngtalmvic,ncmngayChhuy
svcmtngilnhcnvgipnhngviccn.
Myhmuticnddtkhngirangoi,nhngdndnthybnhthngnnthirangoicquandochixem,lundmby
ngynhthmvnkhngthyaichgc.Mthmtinivianhcnvltisiraph,khngthyanhtaphnnggvcng
khngthybocovingiphtrch.Tiliniracng,riithngnchtrsccamnh,ththynhcavngteo,chcv
chngVicMinhy,hiramibitNguynHiThnvttcmingiuanhauiLiuChu,cnVicMinhnaylnhn
vincaChhuysnnvnli.Sauidoquamtltquanhttcccph,thycnhtngunhc,ngiqualitpnptrn
phulngiTrungQuc,khngaihiumnhlthnovctmtg.
Dophxong,vnChhuys,tigibcthmlcnylychVicMinhraxem,thralthcaanhLTngSntCnMinh
gin.NguyntkhiriCnMinhchonnay,ticngnhanhVAnhukhnglinhvianhemCnMinh,nayxemththmi
83/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
bitanhLTngSnvntiptcutranhchngbnVHngKhanh,vnhsgiithiucangibnTrungQuc,anhcbittnh
hnhvachchngti,nnmivitthtmunnTnhTygpnhaubnbccngvic.Tilinvitthtrlinhanh,khuyn
utranhviVHngKhanhcnphicschlcduytrchoccscnviciTnhTythhinnaychann,vanhem
vncht,insgpkhkhn.NhthltigintipbotinvnickinvcngtcvianhemCnMinhhnmt
nmkhngclinlc.
ChhuyschaimihmthChnhimTrnBoThngLiuChuv.Saukhinghngivigi,ngtachongimiti
nnichuyn.ngtani:Gnycshiulmnhaunnlmphinnanh,bygiccngchVitNamiLiuChuht,anh
tnhthno?Titrlingay:TicngbitChnhimhiuti,nnmibohuyntrngTrnBinativy,vtrongthigian
y,quavicKhoatrngixtt,tibitlChnhimkhngcnghgxuiviti.Tirtcmn.BygiccngchVit
Namkhngcnaiyna,tinghChnhimchotiiLiuChugpccngchVitNambntnhcngvic.ngtavuivtr
li:c!Tisgipanh.ThlngyhmsaucxeiLiuChu,ngtachogiygiithiulngpBtlnhQunkhubn,tcl
BtlnhcaTrngPhtKhu.ngthiachomtciphongbtrongcnmtrmbclmlph,vgingiphquandnd
atilnxecngiLiuChu.NichonglaiLiuChugimth.
Cucutranhmilitiptc,nhngkhngphichiphvinhmTrngBiCngnhtrckia,mphiiphngayviNguyn
HiThn,TrnBo,vinhmPhcqucvcvichtrngcaQucdnngmunlpChnhphbnhnVitNamphcvvic
HoaqunnhpVit.
[1]chcvcangichhuynbinphngctrchnhimlmvicgiaothipviPhp
[2]LngVnlquanmthiPhpthucnngilMt
[3]tcHongLng
[4]Vtnngicthcthcchchathtchnhxc,saunysiutrathm
[5]VitMinh
[6]theoBclctcngilysngcachngmangv
[7]githeokiuTrungQuclLcthnghiu
[8]cachochngtixem
[9]sthtchloanhquanhtrongmtskhuvccchngtabtr
84/101
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giotnuoctrongbienca
[10]giyunhimlmchcny,chcn
[11]AnhChuVnTnchutrchnhimcnhgiithngNam,phaLngSn
[12]tcngNgn
VI.CucutranhLiuChu
XenLiuChukhngdngngoiphmchythngvotrongBtlnhQunkhubn,tichtnghclhsbtmnhcmlit
ngtnhhngcngsBnhMnh?Nhngkhixednglitrccaphngtruynt.Ngiphtrchphngtruyntningay:y
cmtlphunluynvtuyninchoccngchVitNamdongHQucTuphtrch.ClngchnygpngHQuc
Tutrc,risaumungpaithtungch.
HQucTutnlTrngQucTr,gilTren,lmtngiVitkiuVnNamtrckiachngtiNguynThNghip,VHng
Khanh,gpchngtiNamKinhvcchngtigicngtheong.Hinnayanhyphtrchnhmhcvtuyningmbn
ngiVitMinhvbangiPhcquccngccmtnhviVitMinh.Gpti,anhTrrtmng,vtrcyNguynHiThnvTrn
Bophaotinltibbtvthnocngbgitcht.AnhklichotinghetnhhnhhotngcaccnhmVitNamyvcho
bitNguynHiThncTrnBolmqunsqutmo,tnhnmnhlibiuchoVitMinh,mcthlibiuchoanhemhc
sinhhclpvtuyninvlpquns.Anhemchngaithanhnchngn,nhngkhngbittnhhnhtrongncvTnhTyra
sao,cnnghengngxem,nncngkhngphnhn.
Hmy,tilichanhTrcngncmvnichuynsutm.Quacucnichuynnmcmtstnhhnhnhsau:
NguynHiThnhinnaycTrngPhtKhugipchomynghnbc,vcmtcinhhaitng,khngphitrtinnh.CL
NhunChi,ccanhPhmVitT,MThnhKnh,TChKinvTrngTrungPhngcnguy.Vcngvichotngngtach
bnbcviTrnBo,uuirasaoanhemmingiukhngbit.TincTrngPhtKhugipngtacngnmht,anhemc
ngikhngcgiyicngkhngctinmua,ngaycLNhunChithngaubnglun,xinmyngbcmuathucungcho
aucngkhngc.
Tihi:TrngTrungPhngtrckialngicaTrngBiCng,saonaylichNguynHiThn?AnhTrni:TkhiTrngBi
CngbbtTnhTy,nhmngicangtabdndnphntnimingimtni,cnTrngTrungPhngthnhpbnviNguyn
HiThn,nhngbygihnhnhanhtabitNguynHiThncngchngttpg,nncvthnthinvita,nutakhocngtcth
cthlikoc.AnhTrnithm:ycncmtnhmPhcquccTrungQucatLongChulncngangiKiul
chtrscaTrngBiCngtrckia.NhmnysngnhmtnvbicaTrungQuc,nnrtkhtipxc.
ThltnhhnhhotngvachcaNguynHiThn,tinmchc.TicnnhchanhTrthmnatmhiuthmtnh
hnhvbnbccchngphcth,thngayhmsauiphbnggpNguynHiThnvTrnBo.Chaingichtthytithhtsc
85/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ngngc.trnantinhthnh,tini:TichuynnynhcTrnChnhimgiplphvcpgiychngminhcholny,ch
khngthchtvtcnluminyc.Hinnaycvanhemtau?NguynHiThnchingay:Chngtihinnaycnphntn
mingimtni,chacchnnh.Tihi:Thcu?NguynHiThnni:TiHonculqun,nhngbygiticvic
phichy,ngcnyhithlqunschchobit.Nixong,ngtartmtmnhgiytrongtiranhvitsbungachoti.
Nhngtibitlnilo,nntrli:Thickhngphivitna,tinchcstmc.CucgpNguynHiThnvTrnBo
chngnnginhth.Nhngtihmsau,quasthngbocaanhTr,anhPhmVitTacTrngTrungPhngvMThnhKnh
nchhngptitraoitnhhnhcth,thunhnnhrng,vicutinlphilmthnotinchNguynHiThn
vianhemthavchnhtrcamnhchpphp,ridndnsutranh,giiquytccvnkhc.
K hoch bn k, ngy hm sau, ti n thng ch ca Nguyn Hi Thn nhng hnh l vn ch anh Tr. Ti n trong khi
NguynHiThnvTrnBouivng.Mygisau,NguynHiThnvnnhththytinghongngiy,ngtalunh
qunhkhngbitninngvxtrthno?Tiningay:aimnyChhuyschotibitrtrckhitinLinChu,vvy
hmtrcgpcngph,cnilHonculqun,tikhngghisphngvcngkhngntmgp.Hmnayny,ti
munnithclchngtacnphionktchtchthmilmnnsnghipcchmng,vcngmicavxngngngayLiu
Chuny.TitrckiacngtcTrungQuclu,ticnhiubnbquenbit,nutichkhcthvncngigip,nhngv
mtcngtcnumingimtnithivingcccngnhiviccnhmVitNamhotngyscntngkhngtt,
vngaybnthncngviccachngtacngbtrngi.Hmnaytinghc,cLvccanhembnbckxemnhthcng
khngvccnthitkhng?Bygitihyvchcati,vihmnatisn.
Saukhitirav,cL,ccanhPhmVitT,TChKin,TrngTrungPhng,MThnhKnhunilviNguynHiThnmt
cchcngquytlthnocngphimianhLQuangHoavy,nukhngthttcccanhemVitMinhLinChuskhngng
hc.NguynHiThnimlng.
Haihmsau,tilinnhmtnginchi,chkhngmangtheohnhl.Cnhangncmtngdi,mingiuvnvcho
hi,nhngNguynHiThnthlml,khngnigc.Cmncxong,vNguynHiThnvmyachuthdndp,cnccngi
khculntngtrnnichuyn.Tikhngnggnvicchmchnivtnhthcchmng.Mingiungthanhni:anh
Lcnphinyvichngti.NguynHiThnvnimlng,tictiptcnichuyn.Lcngdyrav,timinimtcunh
lktlun:Tichkhccngc,nhnghaicvccanhuthyrngtinythclichocngtchn,nhvythmnati
sn.Thlchcgiiquyt.
*
86/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
VchNguynHiThn,tilinlcviccanhemtmhiutnhhnhthmvccmt.
VnhmTrngBiCng.SaukhiTrngBiCngbbtTnhTy,bntaychnubTrnBoThngtrctipnmvphn
phiiht,chcTrngTrungPhngthiviNguynHiThn.TrngBiCnghinnayLinChutuycnbqunthcnhngvn
cui.Trongcchotng,tuyvnthngcnutn,nhngkhngramt,cchngychbmtgpnhngnginhNguyn
HiThn,TrnBohocHongLng,NngKinhDumthi.
VnhmPhcqucqun.NhmnycnmtrmngitptrungiKiu,niicngtccaTrngBiCngtrckia.Nng
KinhDuvHongLngcmu,LngVnchhuyquns.NngKinhDuvnlmttnachLcBnh(LngSn)sdc
coillnhtvasngitrongnvPhcqucquntrckiahoclcnnghoclngicyrungrcahn.HncQucdn
ngTrungQucphongchocichcthamnghvxpchomtchringbit,chnchi,khngdnhdnggncngviccanv
NngQucLonglconhncphongchciitrng,dischhuycaLngVn.nvnytlcThngKimcngnh
hinnayLiuChu,cQucdnngTrungQuccoinhlmtnvbitngcah,nnNngKinhDucngnhHongLng
ubhsaikhinnhnhngngibh,thcskhngcmtchtquynbnhg.
Phcqucqunlmtiqunrtphctp.Trongcnhngngibpbclicunvonhmnngdntrccyrungrcho
NngKinhDucngibchngbtvophcdchnhnucm,gnhnc,khunvcc.Cngcmtstgiovin,cngchc
vmqungmitheo,nhngkhitptrungiKiuhunluynqunstheokiuphtxtthhphnicNngKinhDuvHong
Lng,iringQucdnngTrungQuccngxpchomtkhchsnnhnmring,hngsaunycthlidng.ycth
gilnhmlykhai,cby,tmngimtrckiatigpThngKimtvthyvngvoVitMinh,nhngkhiLiuChuh
thyNguynHiThnvTrnBotxnglngilnhocaVitMinhlikhnglmngnhchtrngcaVitMinhmh
cbit,nnhcngkhngtinvtkhinhb.
VnhmNguynHiThn,TrnBovccanhemVitMinh:
a)VNguynHiThn:
Tunm1936,khicngHHcLmgilnNamKinhvnngthnhlpVitMinh,ylmtngihotngtchccnhngsau
khngcsgipcaQucdnngTrungQucthyquayvQungng.
Cuinm1940,khiTrngBiCngcbnTngtindng,thytheoTrngBiCngvTnhTyrilnQuLmhotngyu
cuvintr.VakholcanhVNguynGip,VAnh,CaoHngLnhvnTnhTy,kpthichtrngbtranhVNguyn
Gipikmliynghingvphamnh.TheoslnhotitnhcaBc,QuLmchngtaangHNgcLmralmchovai
tr Vit Minh ni bt ln, m chng ta cn ko c c Nguyn Hi Thn v pha mnh. Mt hm chng ta m cuc hp bo ch do
NguynHiThnchtavanhVNguynGipbocovtnhhnhcngtcvnhhngcaVitMinhtrongnc.Mttboca
87/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
TnglTongngcitinyln,TrngBiCngTnhTycthytinnikhng,vttboxungt,chimtcurt
thtc:ThngNguynHiThnngunhch!.VvykhiTnhTymihithnhlpHigiiphng,NguynHiThnvi
chngtavlibiucaVitMinh.NhngkhiTrngBiCngbbt,vtipkhngluVitMinhligpkhkhn,phnlncnb
uvnccngtc,thNguynHiThnlinghTrnBoThngbtti,hngnmlybphnanhemVitMinhcnlilm
civn,txnglngiphtrchcaVitMinhlaochnhtr.
b)VTrnBo:
NhngviclmcaNguynHiThntlcTnhTynhnitrnuldoTrnBo,mttnphnbiclailchtlu,lmmu
s.Nguyntnm1937hncngCngsnXimgiaonhimvamychcthanhninHoakiunTrungQucgianhpTn
tqun,nhngvschinugiankh,hnbmcsthanhninHngCng,rilubuchychnychkhcchoncuinm
1940hngpNguynHiThn,thhaibnngocvinhau,nhngvtrckiahnlngvin,nnkhigpchngti,ngoimthnvnt
ratheotchcmthtsthhnlmttncvemtnhhnhnibvchtrnghotngcangmchncchoNguynHi
ThnbmtbocovthncngbocoviQucdnngTrungQuc.Cimmugykhdchoccngchphtrchcata
TnhTychnhlmmucaTrnBo.Chngthmkhiccngchchngtavncvtibbt,thhncphonglmtrung
t,mcqunphcnghongnlphcqunsinng[1]uyhiptinhthnvlabpanhem,ngthixngvingcc
Trung Quc cng nh vi m Phc quc qun v cc nhm ngi khc rng: Nguyn Hi Thn vi hn l i biu Vit Minh, mc d
khngmtanhemVitMinhnothanhn.
c)VccanhemVitMinhmNguynHiThnvTrnBotnhnlibiuthcbanhm:
NhmlnnhtlnhmhclpqunsgmsumingidochngtalctcttrongncaramQucdnngTrungQuc
tptrunginngvbtrchoTrnBongp.NhmnyhindichuynnLiuChu,nhngtptrunghunluynringbit
gnsnbaycchLiuChuby,tmcys.Anhembqunchrtnghimngt,chngychnhtmichophpmtvingiira
ngoi,lchiduynhtanhemlinlcviccnhmVitMinhkhcLiuChu,mngithngcanhemcralHong
MinhTho,cngcmtilclanhHongVnThi.
MtnhmVitMinhkhclnhmvtuynin,trongcbnngiVitMinhvbangiPhcqucmanhembmttchcvo
VitMinh.VictchcngiPhcqucvoVitMinhnhthlmtvicvivvkhngcnthit,nntiphphnvdnanhemc
tiptcgicngh,nhngkhngsinhhottheolitchc,ixemsaunyhcxonghcthtivimnhkhng,vphiquaththch
cngtcmicthcoilVitMinhthcs.Nhmhcvtuyninny,anhTrenlngiphindchvgipvmtchnhtr.
VsaucnglnhmVitMinhtrongnhNguynHiThn[2].NguynHiThnvTrnBothvnlnlthotngring,cnttc
nhngngikhcthvnonktthnhmtkhichtch,kcTrngTrungPhnglcnyvnkhngtintheoNguynHiThnvTrn
88/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Bo,nhngvnchinghengng.
*
MtcuchpcaVitMinhtchctrongmtngychnhtvikhochchuo.Khongtmgisng,myanhemhclpvtuyn
in,anhTrenvmyngitrongnhucmtng.Anhemlpqunsvhoncnhhnchnnkhngthnthamgia.
Cuchpbtu,mtanhtronglpvtuyninni:mythngnay,saukhingchLQuangHoabbt,chngtikhngcbit
tintcgtrongnccngnhngoi,ngthingheningoigiaocatathtbi,TrungQuckhngngh,ccngchphtrch
uchytrnvnc,licnctinningchLthnocngbgit.HmnayngchLny,chngtinghcthng
bovtnhhnhtrongncvngoinc,tnhhnhvsvicsxyravtrinvngcngtccachngtasaunynhthno?
Tini:Tkhitibbtnnay,mitnhhnhtiukhngbit,tinghcNguynHiThnvanhTrnBoboco.NguynHi
Thnbngmtln,ningaymtcu:Ticbitgumboco.CnTrnBothngiimthintht,khngnimtli.Khngkh
bngtrnnnngnnhspcgingt,oibckhngcmtchtgi.
Tilinni:CNguynHiThnvanhTrnBokhngbocothtibocomtvintln.
1.Tnhhnhcchmngtrongncphttrinrtthunli,phongtroVitMinhlanrngkhpBc,Trung,Nam.
2.Tnhhnhngoinyhaynimtcchchongltnhhnhingoimngitathnggilngoigiaothtimunnimtvi
nghnhsau:Lcchngtaningoigiaolchngtangtrnlptrngibiucaonthcchmng,cadntc,lytcchbnh
ngmnichuynvingita.Nutrongtrnghpngitakhngxemmnhlibiucaonthcchmng,khngxemmnhl
ibiudntcthmnhkhngnichuyn.nnhvicmtsngchphtrchcachngtavnc,lctlmcngtctrongnc,
chkhngphilchytrn.onthcchmngbaogicngtptrungcnbnhngchccngtcnhiunhtvquantrngnht.
Ngynaycngtctrongncrtnhiuvrtquantrng,cnngoithkhngcvicgnhiu,vvymkhngcnnhiucnb.Nh
vy,saoligilngoigiaothtbi?Nhngngimntingngoigiaonhngkhngmuligchocchmng,chodntc,mchlo
kimav,kimlichothnmnhvchogianhmnh,nhngngikhngthgilnhngngingoigiao,mlnhngngiphn
bi.
Nghexong,anhTrlinqucmt,vungtayln,nimtcunhbab:Nhngaphnbicchmngnhvyphitiuditchngn
i!.NguynHiThntimtngdytoanxungnh,mtanhemnmlytaykolinimichyngili.NguynHiThngingco
ni:Thchongitaxungnhitiuch!Rigittayithngxungdinh.TrnBothythcngngdy,ingayvoci
phngngcahncnh,rikhpca,ngkholi.
Ttcminginhnnhauci,anhTrlini:TrnBothkhngthchytrniuc.Nukhngraythchngtaspca
89/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
vokocra.TrnBonghenihongqu,philpngpchyra,nginguynchc.
CniviNguynHiThn,chngtanmcthpcangtaltnhnvingccTrungQucllnhoVitMinh,nnc
ngilydanhnghaVitMinhni:HmnaylHinghVitMinh,cNguynHiThnlmchta,nudcucbchykhngnna,
thchngtasranghquytkhaitrkhiVitMinh,rithngbochoanhem,chottcngiVitNamyvchocngccTrung
Qucna.NguynHiThnnghenirthong,trongkhicngittrngcxungnimicln,nnliphilpngpln.
Hinghlitiptc.VickchNguynHiThnvTrnBobcunhthl,chngtacnphilikogihlitrongVitMinh
cnphiutranhtrnnhiumttrongiukinrtkhkhn.Tinixoadumycukhiphclikhngkhcahingh:Hmnay
tronghinghchngtacngchhinngny,lmchocNguynHiThnvanhTrnBokhngva.TuyvycNguynvanh
TrnBocngphisuyngh,vtronglcmingiangquantmmunbitncngtccaonthvcacchmngmthicac
NguynvanhTrnBolinhvy,thanhemninngcngcthlmtvicdhiu.Nguyntclmviccachngtaltptrungdn
ch,thiusphctngas,hcpphctngthngcp,tonthphctngTrungng.Givngnguyntcnhththdchngtac
kingbtngvinhauvncthbnbcitigiiquyt.CNguynnhnlmttrongnhngngiphtrchcaVitMinh,iu
khngsai,vkhiVitMinhthnhlptnm1936clmtngihotngtchcc,vsaunycvnviVitMinh.Hinnaytnh
hnhLiuChurtphctp,chngtacnthngcmvinhau,cnonktchtchthmiiphcvitnhhnh,migiiquyt
cvnvmimanglilichchocchmng,vickhngvuixyratronghinghhmnaycachngtanynnxemlht.
CNguyn,anhTrnBocngnhccanhemkhckhngnnlitronglng.
Nghexong,NguynHiThnvTrnBonhckhiphclithdin,anhemhiuuni:ChngtitnthnhkincaanhL,
saunychngtaphilmvicnhvyming.
Hinghktthc.
*
VicHoaqunnhpVitangcchunbtchcc,nhngcitchccchmngcangiVitNamphcvchovicthdos
btlccaNguynHiThnvnhngtntaysaikhcminnayvnchathnhlpcBtlnhQunkhubnlnnyphitng
ralmly.GiyminBtlnhbnviccchmngVitNamdoBtlnhtriutpcbmtgichoNguynHiThnv
TrnBo,nhngltvotayTrngTrungPhng.TrngTrungPhngagiychotixemvhikinnnxtrnhthno?
MtcuchinghVitMinhlptcctriutp.Khianhemnng,TrngTrungPhngagiyraboco.NguynHiThnv
TrnBohtscngcnhinvlngtng.CLNhunChi,anhPhmVitTvanhTruni:CchmngVitNamlmtvicrt
quantrng,Qunkhubnminbnbcthchngtanhtnhphii.Nhngtnhhnhtrongnccngnhtrongtnhhnhchng
90/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
tangoiny,chcanhLQuangHoalnmvng.VynnnghviQunkhubncthmanhLQuangHoacngthamd,nh
vykhicvicquantrngchngtacbangibnbc.
Trckin,NguynHiThnkhngthchici,chni:ng!ng!ThlhinghcngayanhTChKinthocngvngi
TrngPhtKhu.Nidungcngvncchngtichunbtrc,nnkhivitxongara,NguynHiThnkhngsachamt
chnovnhphiktn,ngdu,chongiaingay.Ngaychiuhmy,bccngvncchuynli,bncnhphmtch
kh,nghalc,trnchkhcngducaTrngPhtKhu.
Sngsmngyhmsau,NguynHiThn,TrnBovticnginBtlnhQunkhubn,vophnghpthyngoinhngngi
VitNamcmi,cncthiutngDngKVinhvhaingiHoakiulMaiCngNghvDngThanhDn.Mtchc,thiu
tngNgThch,ThammutrngQunkhubn,ibiuchoTrngPhtKhunchta.NgThchni:Hmnaymiccngch
nctbnvicthnhlphiVitNamphnxmlcngminh,mongccngchbnbcnhttrcththnhlpcsm.
Vicgprt,thicuckhngchichngta.Nixong,DngThanhDnaramtbncnglnhinsn,cchominginghe.
Nghexong,mingiuimlng.Tingdyxinphtbiukin:
Vbncnglnhny,timinghequa,chathigisuyngh,nhngsbthycchchngtacnphitholunthm.Thd:
VimlychnghatamdnlmcnglnhxydngVitNamsauny,tithychnghatamdnlrttt,nhngtrong
cchtrngBnhqunaquyn,titchtbn,nhvyclmchogiaicpachvgiaicptsnsst,khngdmi
theochngtachng?
VimlyVitBclmcncacchmng,theotihiuthVitNamlmtditgingditrnhngnghncys,m
Bc,Trung,Namlicchtrsngnirtnhiu.CucchintranhchngNhtVitNamihimik,thmchlmitnhu
phiccnca.NaynilyVitBclmcncacchmng,ninhththtchnhxccha?Cngcnnntho
lun.
VvicHoaqunnhpVit,theotihiuthcthtoiukinthunlichocchmngVitNam.Nhngylcnglnh
cchmngVitNam,thphininviccchmng,victuyntruyntchcqunchng,chnuchniHoaqunnhp
Vitmthi,thcthkhngtondin.
Tinixong,NgThchsmmtli,MaiCngNghlinnimtcuvtlibukhngkhangnngn:Nhngkincang
chLQuangHoanicchngchochngtaphisuynghvbnbcthm,nnchngchngtahythnhlpmtbantrb
91/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
nghinculibncnglnh,ngthibnbclinhngviccthmriychngtaphilm.
Nhcxpttrc,DngThanhDnngdynbncnhNgThcharamttgiyvitsnmycitn,NgThchxem
rini:Tinghhitrbgmcccngch:
NguynHiThn,
NngKinhDu,
NngQucLong,
HongLng,
TrnBo,
MaiCngNgh,
DngThanhDn.[3]
Tinghexong,linngdyni:VphaTrungQucthBtlnhnghaichngticngtnthnh,cnvphaVitNam,chng
tithynnccngchVitMinhtraoikinthm.
NgThchnictngang:ybantrbchlmtciybannghincumtthigianngnrigiitn,cquantrngglmmphi
thayichochophinphc.
Mingiuni:kincaThammutrngrtng!
NgThchlinngdy,tuynbhinghktthc,riithngkhngchohiaic!
*
T,mihmcncmsngrilNguynHiThnvTrnBoihphingh.Mcdquynhlmingyhinghxongv
phiboco,nhngNguynHiThnvTrnBokhngngynochuboco,vchnirnghmnaykhngcvicg.
Mthm,tigpDngThanhDn,bitylmtngimundlatnhhnh,nntini:ngDngThanhDn,cngvichi
nghtrblmttch?Vcngviccahi,ticmtskinmunphtbiu,nhngphtbiunhthno?Yni:ngchcth
niviti,tisbocolivihingh.
92/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Nhngtikhngbithinghtinhnhnu,vangbnvicgthphtbiucngkh,vcthrtlclng.
y,ticbinbncahingh,ngchcthlyxem,cking,cnithngviti,timbosbocolimtcch
trungthc.
Nixong,DngThanhDnrttrongkpramtbnbinbn,achotivhnlckhcsgp.
ThrahinghtrbkhngbngncicnglnhcacihigilVitNamphnxmlcngminh,mchbnvicHoa
qunnhpVit,vitiquytnhmtdanhschchnhphbnhnlmthigm:
NguynHiThn,Chtch,
HongLng,BtrngBQucphng
MaiCngNgh,BtrngBNgoigiao,
DngThanhDn,BtrngBTichnh,
TrnBo,BtrngBTuyntruyn,
NngKinhDu,Cvn.
v.v
Vicrtnghimtrng!Tiphibnbcviccanhemiph.Ngyhmsau,hinghVitMinhlictriutp.Tiithng
ngayvovn:
CNguynHiThnvanhTrnBohnmttunnayihpvkhngboco,nilkhngcvicg,nhngsthtths
vicphttrinnmtbckhngthtngtng.NgitanhthnhlpchnhphlmthisaukhiHoaqunnhpVit
vimtdanhschy!
93/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
CNguynHiThnlChtch,nhngquynhnChtchnhthno?
HongLnglmtngidoNhtnnra,bygisaolilmBtrngBQucphng?
MaiCngNghlHoakiu,saolilmBtrngBNgoigiao?
DngThanhDncnglHoakiu,saolilmBtrngBTichnh?
NngKinhDulmtngikhngbitchnhtrlg,saolilmCvn?
CnanhTrnBo,thQucphngngitanm,Ngoigiaongitanm,anhstuyntruyncig?Vtuyntruynchoai?
Btkchnhquyncamtncno,Qucphng,Ngoigiao,Tichnhulnhngbquantrng,nglngicchmngphi
nm,saochngtaphingithnNhtvHoakiunm,mkhngdmckin?Hnnalikhngbocovionth?Svic
nhvy,bygicNguynHiThnvanhTrnBonghthno?Vnivionthnhthno?
Nguyntrongqutrnhbnbcvkhilpdanhschchnhphbnhnlmthi,NguynHiThncmthymnhkhngcquynhnh
g,lylmbtmn,nhngkhngdmhmi,naytigivochnga,ngtaminikhngln,nictngnmtcu:Thitnay
vsaumckh,tikhngihpna!
Thltlunmyhm,NguynHiThnvTrnBocnmlnh,khngihp.TrngPhtKhunngrutqu,phivit
thmitonbantrbntipkinthuytphc,NguynHiThnvnbng,nhtnhkhngi.Tilinni:Ckhnginhvy
smtlngTrngPhtKhu,vnuhsbtchp,gtphngccvTrnBoi,riclmthno?LcbygiNguynHiThn
sctiviTrngPhtKhu,ngthicngnghnavtnglaicamnhtrongcitchcbnhny,nhngkhngcncch
giph,nnphilmlnhviti,hirng:Thngbobyginnlmthno?
*
Saukhinghhpmtlc,tilimimingingilivtrnhbykin:
Bygimunsachathphisachatngc,tclphisaliccibantrb,mnhctingnivngvngtrong,ch
nunhbygithcarakingcngbgtimthi.TinghngymaiccnnigpTrngPhtKhu,nhngkhngi
94/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
vitcchyvincaybantrb,mivitcchVitMinhthnichuynmictth.NguynHiThnnghenirtthch,tr
lingay:Thngymai,cngvccanhemcngivitivogpTrngPhtKhu.
Thlngymai,NguynHiThn,TrnBo,cLNhunChi,anhPhmVitT,Tren,LongCongvticngivoBtlnh.
nphngkhchthyccngitrongbantrbyng,hnhnchngtiviconmtkl,vhmnay,TrngPhtKhu
minhpybantrb,saolicnhngngikhngctrchnhimmcngnngth?Tnhinkhngmtaimming,h
chnhnnhauvnivinhaubngkhemtmthi.
Mtchc,thybngTrngPhtKhutphngringbcra,DngThanhDnhtomtting:Nghim!Mingiungdy
nhivithngcp.TrngPhtKhuivorttnhin,khngbttayaic,nngaycighbnhchdanhdnht,ringi
phchxung.ngtavnkhngbittrongybantrbcnhngaivlmvicnhthno,nnkhigpchngti,ngtaucholy
vincabantrbc,vni:ybantrblmvicnhthno?Phichngich,saolichmtrqu?
NguynHiThnhmhcsntrongbng,linkhngkhchkhgc,bpngaymtcu:Chngtikhngthanhnybantrb,v
ybanldoNgThammutrngchnh,chkhngphichngtibura.
TrngPhtKhunghexong,sngstkhngbituuirasao.DngThanhDn,mttaychyvicloluynningayrng:
ThaTrngquan,Nguyntinsinhningy,vhmthnhlpubantrb,NgThammutrngchanghehtkinccng
chVitNam.ClTrngquanchoccngchVitNambntnhli,ritlplyubantrbthhn.TrngPhtKhunh
ccukhichbtc,lintrlilngvkhuynccngchVitNamnncgnglmvicmau.CucgpTrngPht
Khunlht.
Lcrav,NguynHiThnhhngcoinhmtthnglidosthngthndmnicangtamangli.Vnnh,chngtimi
NguynHiThncngngilinhgisvicmixyravbntnhngaycchtinhnhsauny.NguynHiThnphtbiu
kinngay:BygichngtacnchnghpngiVitNamliburaybantrbmi,ngLQuangHoavmtsanhemta
thnocngphicchntrong,cnhaingiHoakiuthphirangoi,chlmcnbthi.Timianhemphtbiukin,
nhngmingiusuyngh,chaaiphtbiu.Tigi:LmnhcNguynnithdtkhoty,nhngvsmtlngBtlnh,
mtlngTrngPhtKhu,NgThchvDngKVinh,nhvycttkhng?Haylchngtachlmmtvicrtnginl
khngnggnybantrbc,mchnghbsungthmmyngimi.Nhvy,cngvicstinhnhcthunlihn.
NguynHiThnngheratmtckhenvmingiung.
Trongvicbsungngivoybantrb,chngtinghnmtngitrongnhmlykhaiPhcquc.Nhngquaqutrnhlinh
vih,thynhmnycngphctp,vmtkchuytnHongLngvNngKinhDutrongmPhcqucthhlmcphn
no,cnvccmtkhcthhkhngctcdng.Naynungharamtngicahvbantrb,thphiquanhngthtc
phinphc,mcngchachccli,chibngVitMinhcgiithiungiVitMinh.Suytnhk,chngtibnviNguynHi
95/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
ThnvitthgiithiuviTrngPhtKhu.ThlLQuangHoavPhmVitTlilyvincabantrb.
Nhngtrcmtcnnhiukhkhn,cngvickhngphivthmcgiiquyttrtlt.
*
Khngbaolu,ybantrbcahiVitNamphnxmlcngminhlicminhpBtlnhQunkhubn.Ng
ThchvDngKVinhukhngcmt.DngThanhDnnghimnhinxemmnhnhChtchiukhincuchp,thongth
ni:Bantrbtrongmykhpquabnmtsvn,nhngmiriNguyntinsinhnghbsungbantrbbnli.Vy
hmnay,hinghchacvnking,xinmiccvaickingthphtbiu.Hinghimlng.MaiCngNghni:Lntrcng
chLQuangHoanumtskinvbncnglnh.CckinangcBtlnhnghincu,nayngchLckin
g,xinminithm.Tini:Lntrctiphtbiumtskincngchlmtsgi.Naytixinphtbiuthmkinvcitn
vcitnhchtcahi.TheotinghthcitnPhnxmlcngminhctnhchtlmttchcquct,chnghnnhPhn
hiphnxmlcngminhquctTrungQuccthunpcngingoiqucnhngiAnh,ngiPhp,v.v...Vyivici
tnPhnxmlcngminhVitNamngitacngcthhiulmtciphnhitchcquctVitNam.Mtheocnglnh
thnlmttchcchochocchmngVitNam.Vychngtahysuynghxemcitncthchhpvitnhchtcacng
lnhkhng?Tinixong,hinghkhngthyaiphtbiu.DngThanhDnamtnhnminginhcvthcgic,rini:Vn
ngchLminuracthlmtvnmmingichackinngayc.tixinbocoviTrngTrngquanv
NgThammutrng,risaushay.Thlhinghktthc.Tvsau,BtlnhQunkhubnkhngmiybantrbhp
na.
Rrng,vncchmngVitNamnntchcnhthno,vnnlmg?Khngphidoybantrbquytnh,mldoBt
lnhQunkhubn,haynichonghnldoTrngKhnhquytnh.
VtnhhnhkhngchinchngNhtTrungQuctrongthigian:Ccchintrngchhudongcngsnlnhovis
chinuanhdngcaBtbqunvTntqun,xydngcnhiukhugiiphngrnglnKhngNhtlinquncnghot
ngmnhvngngBc.Cnccchintrngchnh,phiidinvich,thtuycmtstnglnhyunckinquyt
chngNhtnhngkhngcsnghcaTngGiiThch,nnubthtbi,ccthnhphchyuubNhtchim,thn
nalNamKinh,UngTinhVlpchnhphbnhnlmtaysaichoNhtcngkhaichnglittccclclngkhngchin.
SaukhiNhttpkchcngTrnChuvnhchimnhiuniChunhHngCng,NamDng,Mlai,MininAnh,M
phitrctipthamchinTngGiiThchnhcskhuynkhchhtschhng,ymnhchunbvicHoaqunnhpVit,
nhngcitchccchmngVitNamphcvchovicHoaqunnhpVitlilintipbphsnbisbtlccabntaysai.
96/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Vvy,chngphixemxtlivn,btrlilclng,tmkimthmctcn.SaukhikhochlpVitNamphnxmlcng
minhbbcli,thchngaVHngKhanh,NghimKTtTrngKhnhv,rithTrngBiCng,ritiptcbngvica
ngNguynHng[4]vNguynTngTamn,ticuinm1942thchnggthnnhngngiVitMinhchnchnhra,khng
tchcVitNamphnxmlcngminhna,mchunbtchcracigilVitNamcchmngngminhhi.
*
VicchngsgtnhngngiVitMinhchnchnhralvicmchngtiontrc,nnsaukhictinVHngKhanhv
NghimKTn,thanhembnnvicticntmcchrtlui,vbnthnticngthyvicrtluilcnthit,vNghimK
TlcvcaTrngKhnh,bittitlccnNamKinh,cnVHngKhanhbittilcngsntlccnCnMinhhai
tnnynthbmtthtcamnhkhngcngiugimcna.
Mthm,tixingpTrngPhtKhuvnithngvingtarng:McchtinylctbnbcvingiVitNamv
cngtccchmng.NhngbygiitithyngnhliTrngquanni,nhngngiVitNamyukhngphilngi
cchmng,mchlnhngngimutoanquynliringmthi.Nhvy,nuctheouicuchotngvihycng
khngclichg.HinnayTrungQucangchngNht,VitNamcngangchngNht,timongmunTrngquangipti
mtcchno,minlticthgpphnvocngcucchngNhtlc.
TrngPhtKhuvncmunytii,nayctinghththngtartva,nntrlingay:Nuanhbnglngthtis
y nhim anh v lm vic TrungVit bin khu chnh tr cng tc ivi Ng Cn Hoa Tnh Ty, Ch nhim Trn Bo
Thngsgipanh.
ylmtvickhngng!cvTnhTycthslmtdprttttmcchvnccmauchng!Titlicmnng
ta,vngyhmsauthcgiyynhimlmdchthutquanvicpbctrungtTrungVitbinkhuchnhtrcngtci.
TrckhilnngvTnhTy,titmgpccanhemVitMinhydndmtskin:
VicthnhlphiVitNamphnxmlcngminhttrcnnaychngtaphni.NhngbygitisivTnhTy,nuh
cchtrnglp,manhemtactiptcphnithkhngli.VsngngiVitNamy,nhtlmytrmanhemPhc
qucuhyvngcmtonthcchmngno,tngiVitNamcholyngiVitNam,thotkhicivngkmkp
mbylunayhphichu.Vvy,saukhitiiri,nuhmunlpcihigthanhemcmch,mtachtuyntruynl
khngtintng,vcihivinhngngilnhonhththchngcthlmnntrtrngg.Nhvynlcsthtchngminh
kintalng,thuytncaVitMinhvngic,vsaunycdpvncthlikocqunchng.Anhemunhnthy
nhthlng.
97/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
Tichiatayvianhem,vTnhTychunbchovicvnccngtc.
[1]ibphnngitronglpnylngicaVitMinhattrongncra
[2]cthcoinhtrscaVitMinh.
[3]ThigiannyTrngBiCngbbtTnhTyclcnchactdo,nnkhngctn
[4]lailchngNguynHngnirtrongmcSinhhotvutranhNamKinh
VII.Chunbvnc
LnnyriLiuChulicvnghong,cgiyynhimvichcvkhcaovctinlphinTnhTy.
TnhTybygiviTnhTyhnmtnmtrcyhontonkhchn.TrsVitMinhngca,cnbVitMinhkhngcnai
ilinhngngiVitNamvHoakiutrongmTrngBiCngcngvngtanh,nningayctrongcchiun,hiuncch
trckiartnhnnhpbygivngteo,khngthymtnginoquen.Ciquangcnhhiuqunhkhngkhigyranhngxccmngn
ngang,nhngcmtiuchcchnlvnTnhTythnhtnhcthvntrongnc.
Theothtclmvic,thcynhimlnhnvincaiBinchnh,trchtlphigpitrngiBinchnhNgCnHoa
nhncngvic.ngnykhigptitvvuimngni:ngchLchuynnyvylmvicchchnsgipchchobni
cnhiu.Chngtirthoannghnh.ChngtinhngchphtrchbphnxutbntiliutingVit,mhinnaymtng
chPhcqucquniutLiuChuvangphtrch.Trckiatronglpbcphcngnhtrongcccuchingh,ngchtral
mtngickhnngdchthutrtnhiu.TrngquanTrngPhtKhuynhimngchlmchcvnylcscnnhc.
VnhimvcabphnxutbntiliutingVitthtibitrchlinphtnhngtiliuphnngnhisngixem,mcd
nhngtiliuinricngchxpngcquanhocemvtbybingii,qunchngmnhkhngaixemn.Tuyvy,v
nguyntclmnhkhngthnhngtayvovicny,phitmldotchi.Tini:VcngtcnyhinnaycmtngchPhc
qucqunphtrch,nutithaythngchythcthmtonkt,saunyskhlmvic.Tinghitrngcngch
yphtrchnhc,tisgipduytlinhngvnkinmngchyphindchhocbinson.Nhvyktquvnttmnibli
mthmhn.Ngoivicra,ticthdchquynTamdnchnghalmttiliuchnhtrrtquantrng,cncdchcnthnv
ngn.NgCnHoathytinicl,linng.
Myhmsau,cngtheothtc,tiphiigpChnhimTrnBoThng.Khigp,ngtatuycngnimtcchntnnhngcvuy
98/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
hipramt.Vtrckiangtathnghaygptivitnhchtlgpkhch,cnlnnygpvitnhchttipkinmtngibh.ngta
ni:Bygianhlcnbcachngtithphithtlngthtdlmvic,tirttinanh,nhngBtlnhQunkhubnthchachc
tinanh,nucchssutmBtlnhphicanthipthchngticngkhlngmbosantonchoanh.Anhphibitrngcch
mngVitNamnukhngcchngtigipthkhnglmcnnchuynu.y,anhthxemccanhLmBKit,DngHoiNam
tkhibTnhTyvnnaycngchloayhoayvngbingii,clmnntrtrngg.itrngNgCnHoaxptcngtccho
anh,anhnnhtsccgng.Nghexong,tichtrlimycukhchkh,rixinphprav.Thlbuitipkinktthc.
ThmvTnhTynnaykhnggpcmtngiquenno,khnghiutnhhnhtrongnc,nhtltnhhnhbingiirasao.Cu
niccanhLmBKit,DngHoiNamcngchloayhoayvngbingiicaTrnBoThngvtnhlmchotibitcci
umiquantrng.T,tihngngycemquynTamdnchngharadch,ricsngdyvlcncmchiuxongthrangoi
cngthnhibchb,cbaivicysrimiquayv.Lmnhthctxemcngitheodimnhkhng,nhnglnnocng
khngthygc.
*
Mtbuichiutrimt,vokhongbngi,chunginthairolnphnglmvic,ticmmylnngherrng:Sugichiuhm
nay,PhchnhimngKhungNguynmingchnncmkhchsn...bncnhcathnhphaNam.Tihilimtlnnath
vnningnhth.Titrlivng,vng,ritmynghexung.
Kl!ngKhungNguynlmttaycv,trthclccaDngKVinh,hnbitmnhrtrtrongcucutranhLiu
Chu,saobygilicbitmimnhnkhchsnncm?Clhnmungimnhntmcchg?Nghth,tilinxpgn
schvvbtgiytrnbn,mcoithongthnchkhchsnquanst,thycbnanhlnhcmsnggitlilnggcca.
ngri!ngKhungNghuynminbtlvicchnchn!Ticthngngirangoicathnh,riivphangcic
ngngiquali,vaivanghcchiph.
Lmthnokhibbt?ClphichyiPMng,nicnhngqunchngtngththtsngchtcnhau?Nhngkhngn!
TnhTyPMngcchnhauhnhaichccys,mliphiitheongthnmicys,rimirvongnhnhnh.Chy
liykhngththotc.Vynubbtthlmthnochongimnhbitncu?Titnhitnhlichcmtcchlcnn
cm,nubbtthqunchngsbit,vtrongmqunchngnhtnhlcngicamnh.ngsugi,tinkhchsnthy
anhiyquenmtiBinchnhngngaychcbntnlnhgc.Anhtachoti,riavophngkhchcanhKhoatrng
cangKhungNguynchsn,vHongQucChnh,mttntaysaicc,vclcnhtcaVHngKhanhCnMinhcng
99/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
y.Miccngingivochxong,anhKhoatrngni:HmnayPhchnhimngKhungNguynyquynchotimiccng
chncm,nhngrtticPhchnhimtnhincvicgpphii,chachcvkpncmviccngch.Anhiyni
thmmycucvphntrn:Nguynhmnay,PhchnhimchnhmingchHongQucChnh,nhngtinghviKhoa
trngrngngchmicTrngquanTrngPhtKhuynhimvlmviciBinchnhvicpbctrungt,nnmilun.
cKhoatrngngltigiinbocovingch,chkhngkpgithipmi.
Thlvicr.BatichmnayningKhungNguynmilctchocvlongtrng,chthcthchanhKhoatrngchtr,
manhnykhngbitmnhlthno,nnminghelianhiymimnhnd.HongQucChnhvnbittitCnMinh
nhnghnngheclmbmmtitingnhTrngquanTrngPhtKhu,iBinchnh,cpbctrungtv.v...mlic
ngKhungNguynmi,thhntinltibmuachuclmtaysainhhn,vvyngiidinvinhaumvnkhngcvgtra
ilp.Khingivobnn,anhKhoatrng,anhiyvtivnchuyntrvinhaubngtingTrungQuc,cnhnthchbitn
khngbitni,tcmthyngngnghu.TilinbohnmungcnibngtingVit,tisphindch.Nhvycuchuynsrmr
hn,mmnhphiiph.ncmxong,angungcphvchunbrav,thngKhungNguyntphangoiivo,hnlic
thyrcmyngitrongtic,nhnglinhkhngthy,bcthnglngcchlmviccahn.Saumypht,anhKhoatrngmi
tivHongQucChnhlngcchoPhchnhim.Chngtitheolibclngc,ngKhungNguyncngngdybttaymt
cchmincngvnhnvomtHongQucChnh,chkhngnhnti,nimycukhchso:Hmnayrttic,tibnvicvmun
quccngchphich.Tivnthnnhinnhmtngiphindch,dchlichoHongQucChnhnghe,vbohnnnnimy
licmn,rixinvsmkoPhchnhimilmvicvmt.HongQucChnhnghetheosgicativnimtthivipht.
TidchratingTrungQucbngcchthmbtmtichclichohoncnhoiomcamnhtronglc.Nixong,tibo
HongQucChnhxincot.Cuctipkinchdinratrongkhongbn,nmphtvilinichuynngchkhngngi,khngung
nc,khnghtthuc,mcdcnhvncbbnghvchnc,thuclsn.
TrongqutrnhlinhviQucdnngTrungQucktkhiQuLmcuinm1940nnaygn20nm,thyrchngdng
cithonhaimt,mtmtlkchtrngtrnquabntaycaDngKVinh,vmtmtlvutvemuachucquabntaycaTrn
BoThng.Nhngnhngthonychlnhngcuchuynbuncisaunymthi.Tiangnhmtngyno,hcdpl
chunvnc.
*
Mttunltronguthngtmnm1942,Chhuysmcucihiththaochoccnvvbi.Chngtrnhihikodi
100/101
24/10/2016
giotnuoctrongbienca
nmngy,gmccmnthiinkinh,bngchuyn,bngr,ukim,uangav.v...rtlinhnh.Qunchngxungquanhvnghngngy
lltkonhaunxemnhngyhi,cccquanvbithuchChhuyscaTrnBoThngcngrtbnrn,huhtthgi
uvo.
Vongythtlngyspktthccaihi,qunchngixemcngng,nhnvincngtccngbn.Nhndpny,ncmsng
xong,tithngthnhrangoicngthnhibchb,rinhmhngvbingiimtmchilun.ikhiTnhTybncys,ngonh
likhngthyaitheo,linirvomtchrmcibqunolen,mcbqunokiuhcsinhvo,riivotronglngmuamti
dprmvmtcinniinhngihcsinhingthnghaydng.
onngtTnhTynPcPdignsumicys,thngthphiihaingy.DcngcmytrmnghchnlDngLu,
CtMlnhngchcqunchngcmtnhvicchmngbov.ChngiCtThm,nhnglciquavnkhngthycngtnhg,
nncrobcithng.ikhiCtThmvicysthmttrnmagingxungnhtrtnc,oquntht,nhngbygith
hontonyntm,khngscngiuibtna.
VaxmtithnCtMlchcanhthntrngvanhthnphlnhngngiccmtnhvicchmngVitNam.Tikhngvo
nhanhthnphngaygiaph,mivinnhanhthntrngcuithn.ndinhsnnghetingnitrnnhhnhnhting
anhthntrng,nhngkhilnnhhithngiemnikhngnh.Tilinni:Nuthntrngkhngnhthtiixungnhthn
ph.Nivynhngxungkhicuthangthtiithngrangoithn,ritutxungmtcidcdibn,nmtrmmt,ithmmt
on,nmydyngbnranigghthtritihn.Bngrti,tivodyngtmmybpmimcthtnon,bcviricc
htlnlinhainutnhnga.nxong,iloanhquanhphanitmmtchngicthdalngnghchoquam.Tritmsng,
tingdyingay,troquamydcthnPvn,ngaychmcgipgiiVitTrung,nhnglaphnTrungQuc,vonh
mtngiqunchngthyngnuru.Nginhthymnhoquntvlmbnkhpni,thhiungaymquamnhgpmt
sbttrcg,linnimycuanirilycibttortymtbtrunngmiung.TivaungvahithmtnhhnhPcP,
bngnhnxungsnthyanhLQungBaiqua,mngqu,tbtruxung,xungthanggcchyravlyngay.AnhLQungBa
ci,chvngsauni:ngkisauy!.VanghexongcuniththyBctdidcbcln.Gpnhau,Bcningay:Chc
lngoiykhkhnnnchyvyphikhng?Thi,cinchnhiHoa,mnhicvic,sausgp.Nixong,Bcci.Ti
lnnhunghtbtru,hkhquno,vquaccchlmchoscht,phigisch,riiquabingii.Xungmtondckhxa
nathnnhiHoaPcP...
101/101

Hồi Ký Hoàng Văn Hoan (Nguyên UVBCT,Phó Chủ Tịch Quốc Hội Việt Nam)

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Hồi Ký Hoàng Văn Hoan (Nguyên UVBCT,Phó Chủ Tịch Quốc Hội Việt Nam)

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Copyright:

24/10/2016

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