100

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

TRAO OI

GOP Y BAN DCH THIEN UYEN TAP ANH

cua ong Ngo c Tho va ba Nguyen Thuy Nga
(Tiep theo)

Song Hao Ly Viet Dung*

Sach Thien uyen tap anh (Anh tu vn thien) do ong Ngo c Tho va
ba Nguyen Thuy Nga dch va chu thch, c Nha xuat ban Van hoc hp tac
vi Phan vien Nghien cu Phat hoc Ha Noi xuat ban nam 1990. Cong sc,
cua hai dch gia that ang tran trong, ch co ieu ang tiec la ban dch nay
mac kha nhieu sai sot ma qua cac lan tai ban van cha c hai dch gia
chnh sa het.
Tren tinh than cung nhau gop sc e co c mot ban dch kha d mang
lai cho ban oc cai nhn tng oi chnh xac ve cac thien s Viet Nam thi xa
xa, chung toi manh dan gop y cung hai dch gia Ngo c Tho va Nguyen Thuy
Nga qua bai viet nay. Mong ong Ngo c Tho va ba Nguyen Thuy Nga nguyen
lng cho viec chang ang ng. Cach lam cua chung toi la nhat ra cac sai sot
va gop y chnh sa, t au en cuoi sach Thien uyen tap anh do Ngo c Tho
va Nguyen Thuy Nga dch va chu thch, ban in cua Nxb Van hoc, nam 1990
(trong bai viet tat la Ban NT). Phan oi chieu nguyen van, chung toi can c
vao ban khac in Thien uyen tap anh nien hieu Vnh Thnh th 11 (1715) va
ban khac in ai Nam Thien uyen truyen ang tap luc nien hieu T c th 12
(1859) cua hoa thng Phuc ien Bo Sn.
Trang 67
(Tieu truyen thien s Vien Chieu)
Nguyen van:
Hu van: Nh ha th xuc muc bo e?
S van:

Ky kinh khuc moc ieu ()

Tan xuy lanh te nhan ()
Tien van: Hoc nhan bat hoi
S van:

Lung nhan thnh cam hng

Manh gia vong thiem th
Ban NT dch:
Lai hoi: The nao la xuc muc bo e? (Chan ly ngay trc mat)
ap:

Cay cong chim hoang s

Thoi mai lanh cong ngi
Hoi:
Ke hoc nay cha hieu, xin thay oi cho th du khac
* Thanh pho Bien Hoa, tnh ong Nai.

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101

ap:

Ke iec nghe an sao

Ngi mu ngam trang sao
Hai cau Ky kinh khuc moc ieu. Tan xuy lanh te nhan ma dch Cay
cong chim hoang s. Thoi mai lanh cong ngi th va sai ng ngha ma cung
khong noi len c y thien. Ch ky () trong cau au co ngha la nhieu lan,
mai mai, y toan cau la: Con chim bao lan s canh cay cong. Ch te () trong
cau ke la mot ch Nho ch khong phai ch Nom, nen khong the qua am te ma
hieu la te cong roi dch lanh te () la lanh cong ngi. Ch te () nay
ngha thong thng la rau da em muoi. Vay lanh te ch thc an nguoi
lanh, va y toan cau la ngi thoi mai thc an da muoi nguoi lanh. ay la
hai cau th bien ngau c tac gia viet theo loi ao trang, tc em chu t ieu
() va nhan () ra cuoi cau, cho nen muon dch tot hai cau tren chung ta phai
hieu th t cac ch cua chung la: ieu ky kinh khuc moc. Nhan tan xuy lanh
te. Va co le nen dch la:
Chim s mai canh cay cong
Ngi thoi hoai da muoi nguoi
Ma Ngi thoi hoai da muoi nguoi la g? ay lay y t tch xa co anh
chang no rat hau an, len mam cm la anh ta gap hup lia la nham phai canh
nong b phong mieng. T o ve sau, v s b phong mieng nen du tren mam
cm don toan thc an rau da muoi nguoi, anh ta cung s set vo ly, c thoi mai
cho no nguoi, tc ch mot hanh ong ngu xuan vo ly chang khac nao con chim
ch b cung ban mot lan la mai mai ve sau he thay canh cay nao co dang cong
cong la no hoang s.
Ma tai sao tang hoi ve xuc muc bo e ma s Vien Chieu lai a ra hnh
anh hai chuyen ngu xuan nghch ly e ap lai? Nguyen xuc muc bo e co
ngha la: Nhn bat c au cung thay chan ly khi a giac ngo c the hien
qua ng luc sau ay:
Thach Sng Khanh Ch tham kien ao Ngo hoi:
- The nao la xuc muc bo e?
ao Ngo goi:
- Sa di!
Sa di ap:
- Da.
ao Ngo noi:
- Them nc vao tnh bnh.
Ham y khai th Thach Sng la khi ngi a ngo th nhn au au cung
thay chan ly. Chan ly ay gian d bnh thng nh chuyen sa di them nc vao
tnh bnh (Canh c truyen ang luc, q. 15). Muon xuc muc bo e th ng
chap trc vo ly nh con chim ch b ban mot lan thay cay cong la hoang s,
hoac do hup phai thc an nong mot lan phong mieng roi ve sau du gap thc an
rau da muoi nguoi lanh cung c thoi hoai. S a khai th nh the ma ong tang
toi da van khong hieu xin cho v du khac, nen s phai bo sung bang mot th du
de hieu hn la muon xuc muc bo e th ng lam nhng hanh ong ham ho,
nghch ly nh ke iec nghe tieng an, ngi mu ngam anh trang.

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Trang 70
(Tieu truyen thien s Vien Chieu)

Nguyen van:

Xao ngon lnh sac gia ()

Toan quy a ngoa nhan ()
Ban NT dch:

Ke kheo mom gia doi.

Mai tr ngoi v thoi
va chu: Toan quy a ngoa nhan: Ke dui mai rua va ap ngoi (mai rua cng
dui mai van tr khong thung. ap ngoi cho nho th ngoi v khong dung c)
ch ngi lam nhng viec uong cong vo ch.
Dch va chu nh the cung khong co g sai, v toan quy a ngoa (
) ung la dui mai rua va ap ngoi ham y ch ngi lam nhng viec vo
ch, nhng y ngha viec lam vo ch th khong phai nh Ban NT giai thch.
Nguyen khi xa e tm ngoc trai ngi ta tach vo con trai, e tm bach ngoc
ngi ta ap v khoi a ra. Lam ke ngu si thay the ben dui, nay mai rua e
tm ngoc trai, ap v ngoi e tm bach ngoc, nhng nao tm thay v o ch la
nhng hanh ong h vong vo ch. Hanh ong ngu xuan: Soi rua tm ngoc trai
(toan quy mch chau), ap ngoi tm ngoc bch (a ngoa ac ngoc) con c
dien dch cach khac nh toan thuy ac to (khuay nc la thanh sa b) hay
noi theo ng kh Viet Nam la nc la khuay nen ho hoac toan hoa ac bang
(moi trong la tm nc a).
Con xao ngon lnh sac la ch trong Luan ng: Xao ngon lnh sac tien
hy nhan, vay nen dch la ke kheo mom m mat.
Trang 72
(Tieu truyen thien s Vien Chieu)
Nguyen van:
Hu van: Chung chung thu xa giai th luan hoi. Bat thu bat xa thi
nh ha?
S van: Tung lai hong hien thu thng sac ()

Hu diep sam si bat hu hoa ()
Ban NT dch:
Hoi: Thu hay xa eu la trong vong luan hoi. Khong thu khong xa th
the nao?.
ap:
Xa nay hong ep sac nay khac

Canh la xum xue chang co hoa
Dch nh vay co may iem khong on v hong hien () la t oi co
ngha la cay den o ch khong phai la cay hong ep. Th en ch thu ()
trong ng canh cau nay khong co ngha khac biet theo ngha thong thng
cua no ma co ngha la hau nh va thu thng sac co ngha la: hau nh luon
luon co mau sac ch khong phai sac nay khac. Vay toan cau th co ngha la:

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

103

T xa ti gi, cay den o hau nh luon luon co mau sac. Ch thu () vi

ngha hau nh nay c cac trc tac Hoa van dung rat nhieu, th du nh
trong Lieu trai ch d, truyen Thanh Phung, Bo Tung Linh viet: Sinh viet:
Lau ha chi tu, canh canh tai niem. Tha s bat cam d van, tat duc boc hieu
mien bac, phi Thanh Phung lai bat kha. Hieu nhi linh the viet: Phung muoi
d da t tam nien h!. Sinh phat y viet: Ky nh, han t tham nh. Chap quyen
cao ngam thu bat co chiem. Hieu nhi khi khoc that thanh, ngha la: Sinh
noi: Cai nhuc b chi bi di lau van canh canh ben long. Chuyen g khac th
khong dam nghe au, tat muon ke hen nay gop chut cong mon, ngoai Thanh
Phung en ay th chang c au. Hieu nhi khoc tham noi: Em Phung no a
chet ngoai ong c ba nam roi!. Sinh phat ao noi: Neu vay th han nay cang
sau!. Noi oan cam sach ngam to, hau nh chang them e y en Hieu Nhi.
Hieu Nhi ng day khoc ngat. Hoac quyen 7, sach Ngu ang hoi nguyen
chep: S co th phng trng viet: Hu ma? Hu ma?. Sn toa th thu bat co
phan, ngha la: (Thien s Tuyen Giam luc con la tang nhan, en phap ng
Quy Sn) nhn phng trng noi: Co khong? Co khong vay ca?, hoa thng
Quy Sn luc o ang ngoi, hau nh chang them nhn ngo e y en Giam ta.
Chuyen cay den o luon co la mau ti tham nhng khong co hoa nay,
tac gia a mn y cau noi cua hoa thng Loc Thanh chep trong quyen 15,
sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-321): Tang van: Bat lac ao Ngo c,
thnh s ao. S van: nh tien hong hien tho. Sanh diep bat sanh hoa,
ngha la tang hoi: Khong ri vao c ng cua ao Ngo, thnh s noi!. Thien s
Loc Thanh noi: Trc san cay den o. Co la chang co hoa. Vay xin dch hai
cau th tren la:

Den o xa nay hau ay sac

Co la sum sue chang co hoa
Ve t hong hien thu () nay, chung toi xin bo sung them la quyen
22, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-384) co chep: Viet: Hoa thng
nh ha th nhan?, s viet: Tru trng nh tien hong hien thu. Nien nien
sanh diep bat sanh hoa, ngha la tang hoi: Hoa thng day ngi the nao?,
hoa thng Huyen Kiem Sn Trng ap: Than th den o moc trc san.
Quanh nam ra la chang ra hoa.
Trang 74
(Tieu truyen thien s Vien Chieu)
Nguyen van:
To y d Giao y nh ha?
Ban NT dch: Y cua To va y trong kinh sach the nao?.
Dch nh vay la dch theo ngha tng ch mot: To y tc y To, con Giao y
tc y cua kinh giao, tc y trong kinh sach. Dch vo thng vo phat nh the oi
vi trc tac Thien tong th khong hay lam, v To y va Giao y la nhng thuat
ng co ngha rat ac thu.
To y la dung ng cua Thien lam, la t goi tat cua To s Tay lai y, tc
ch y vi dieu cua Thien tong. Nhan ch y vi dieu nay c To Thien tong Bo

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Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

e at Ma truyen cho i sau qua cach bat lap van t, giao ngoai biet truyen,
trc ch tam an nen goi la To y. To y cung c dung e am ch Thien tong.
Con Giao y la t oi lap vi To y, am ch Giao tong, oi ngha cua Thien
tong. Giao tong truyen tha qua ngon ng van t ghi chep trong kinh giao cho
nen cung goi la noi truyen. Ch y cua cac tong ngoai Thien tong ma tieu bieu
la Tnh o tong, Thien Thai tong va Chan ngon tong goi la Giao y.
Vay cau tren nen dch la: Ch y cua Thien tong va ch y cua Giao tong
ra sao?.
Trang 76
(Tieu truyen thien s Vien Chieu)
Nguyen van:
Vo tat th chung van: Nga th than trung cot tiet can mach, t ai ieu
hp, s hu vo thng, th nh oc vu hoai thi, lng l cau lac. D nh tran
trong! Thnh ngo ke van.
Ban NT dch:
S khong benh cho goi e t en bao rang: Than mnh ta ay, xng
tht gan cot eu do bon ai hp thanh, tat khong the thng ton c, cung
nh khi nha a h hong th rui me eu ri rung. Cac ngi hay tran trong
li ke cua ta ay.
Dch nh vay la cham cau cha chnh xac va khong e y ac ngha cua t
tran trong (). Trong ng canh oan tren, tran trong la mot thuat ng
thien ma cac trc tac Thien tong thng dung vi y ngha chia tay, tc li
cac thien s cao biet cac mon o khi qua i.
Vay oan tren c cham cau nh sau: Th nh oc vu hoai thi lng
l cau lac. D nh tran trong! Thnh ngo ke van, va nen dch la: Giong
nh khi nha ca muc nat th rui me eu ri rung. Nay xin cao biet cac ong!
Hay nghe li ke cua ta ay.
Chung toi xin trch dan mot vai oan ng luc trong Thien tong e oc gia
thay ro them ngha t biet, cao biet, gia biet cua t tran trong ():
- (ao Nhan thien s) lam thien hoa, thng ng tap chung. Lng
cu trien ta thu. Chu s vong trac, nai lnh ong bien s tang thoai hau. Hu
trien hu thu, hu lnh tay bien s tang thoai hau. S v chung viet: Duc bao
Phat an, vo qua lu thong ai giao. Quy kh da! Tran trong! Ngon cat hoan
nh nhi tch, ngha la: Luc sap qua i, thien s ao Nhan thng ng tap
hop o chung. Sau mot luc im lang ngai dang canh tay trai ra, v chu s tang
khong hieu y thay nen ra lnh cho cac tang nhan ng ben me ong lui ra. S
lai dang canh tay phai ra, chu s tang lai ra lnh cho cac tang nhan ng ben
me tay lui ra. S noi vi o chung rang: Muon bao ap n Phat khong g bang
ke tha va m rong ai giac. Ta quay ve ay! Xin cao biet nhe! Noi xong
mm ci qua i. (Canh c truyen ang luc, q. 17) (Chu: Dang hai tay y noi
nay buong bo het!).

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

105

- (Ngha Thanh thien s) th tch, th ke viet:

Lng x tru tr

Vo kha tr ao

Tran trong ch nhan

Bat ac tam thao

au but yem tc!
Ngha la:
Thien s Ngha Thanh sap qua i, th ke rang:

Tru tr hai ni

Khong tr noi ao

T biet cac ngi

Xin ch tam thao

Nem but th tch. (Ngu ang hoi nguyen, q. 14)
Qua hai trch dan tren han quy oc gia thay dch: Cac ngi hay tran
trong li ke cua ta ay, nh Ban NT la co phan nham lan, v dch nh the
a bien y cao biet mon o cua thien s thanh li thien s dan do mon o hay
coi trong bai ke cua mnh!
mot so trc tac thien lam co khi tac gia dung thang t cao biet nh
tieu truyen thien s nh Khong trong TUTA, nguyen van viet: Ngo mot hau,
nh thien tr ky phap, inh nhan tc truyen, tac ngo chi nguyen tat h! Ngon
cat cao biet nhi chung, ngha la: Sau khi ta qua i ngi hay kheo gi gn
ao phap nay, he gap ngi ho inh th truyen lai, tc nguyen c cua ta a
ven. Noi xong cao biet qua i.
ng canh khac, t tran trong co ngha nhe hn, tc li chao tam biet
cua thien s vi mon o khi cham dt buoi thuyet phap, hoac co ngha tng
ng nh cao t. Chung toi xin trch dch mot so ng luc e chng minh:
- Thng ng: Tr lieu nhat minh da am, canh thuyet tham ma khc
ac? Tran trong!, ngha la (thien s T Man) thng ng noi: Tr chuyen
bnh thng nh ngay sang em toi, th nen noi chuyen g mi c ay? Xin
tam biet nhe (hay bao trong)! (Ngu ang hoi nguyen, q. 3).
- (S viet): Tac ma sanh?, tang tran trong. S a chi, san ha phap
ng. Ngha la (thien s Bao ng) hoi: The la the nao?, v tang cao t. S
anh va uoi ra phap ng. (Canh c truyen ang luc, q. 6).
- S van: T hu tac ma sanh?, Ngng Sn diec tran trong xuat kh.
S ha ha ai tieu van: Nh thuy nhu hp, ngha la (thien s Quy Sn) hoi:
Con ong th the nao?, Ngng Sn cung noi li cao biet lui ra. Quy Sn ci
ha ha noi: Nh nc va sa hoa nhau! (Linh Hu ng luc).
- S nai khi than lap van: Hoan hu nhan mai ma? Nhc hu nhan
mai khc xuat lai, nhc vo nhan mai, tc tien hoa t thu. Cu lap, tran
trong!, ngha la (thien s Ngan Cau) ben ng day noi: Con co ai mua
khong? Neu co ai mua th xin bc ra, neu khong ai mua th hang xau nay xin
t thu ve vay. Cac v ng nghe a lau roi, xin tam biet! (Canh c truyen
ang luc).

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Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

Trang 78
(Tieu truyen thien s Cu Ch)

Nguyen van:

C phu tam nien ()
Ban NT dch la:

S tru tr chua Dien Linh ch c hn ba nam.
Trong Han van, ch phu () co ngha la mi va. Vay c phu tam nien
la va c ba nam, ch khong phai hn ba nam. ay ch la chi tiet nho
nhng v muon cho ban dch c chnh xac nen chung toi tien gop y luon thoi.
Trang 78
(Tieu truyen thien s Cu Ch)
Nguyen van:
Ly Thai Tong Hoang e, luy trieu bat tu. Pham tam hanh ky t d
uy van dien.
Ban NT dch bo sot nhieu chi tiet nh sau: Vua Ly Thai Tong en chua
tham hoi.
oan tren neu dch ay u la: Hoang e Ly Thai Tong bao phen trieu
thnh khong thanh, nen phai ba lan gia lam chua ay e tham nom an
ui s. Cho nen neu dch thieu se khong lot ta het thanh y cua vua oi vi s!
(Tuy nhien chung toi van ng do ban in sap thieu mot oan).
Trang 81
(Tieu truyen hai thien s Bao Tnh va Minh Tam)
Nguyen van:
Tnh Nghiem th, Tam Pham th. Tao tue cong au, xuat gia chi ong
ch hu.
Ban NT dch:
Bao Tnh ho Nghiem, Minh Tam ho Pham, cung mot tuoi, xuat gia
lam ban vi nhau t nho.
Dch nh vay la lam loang y tac gia nhieu lam. Trong nguyen van khong
co chi tiet nao noi hai ong cung mot tuoi ca, cung khong co chi tiet nao noi
hai ong xuat gia lam ban vi nhau t nho ma y cua nguyen van la: Thu
nho hai ong cung trai qua thi th au ben nhau (tc la ban au thi vi
nhau), khi xuat gia (khong noi ro t luc nao) lai lam ban ong ch hng
tu hanh vi nhau (tc ban ong tu).
Trang 81
(Tieu truyen hai thien s Bao Tnh va Minh Tam)
Nguyen van:
nhiep lu the tng v viet: Bo tat nhan a luy kiep huan tu, ai
tha tam, do nang phat ai dung manh tinh tan, bat tch than menh, huong
nga ang boi, mat phap trung, s phat tam nhan, nhc bat nh th ch
thanh.

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107

Ban NT dch: (Hai s) eu ri nc mat ma bao nhau: Cac v Bo tat

doc long tu hanh trong bao nhieu kiep ma oi vi tam ai tha van con phai
phan phat manh me e tinh tan, khong tiec than mang. Huong chi bon ta song
thi mat phap, neu khong co long ch thanh.
Dch nh vay la a bo mat mot chi tiet rat quan trong la s phat (tam)
nhan ngha la ke va mi phat tam tu hanh. Quan trong v trong oan
nay Minh Tam va Bao Tnh a ra hai hoan canh oi lap e bao ban nhau. o
la Cac v Bo tat thi nhan a, cong kho tu hanh trong bao nhieu kiep, vay
ma oi vi tam ai tha con phai dung manh tinh tan khong tiec than mang,
trong khi chung ta a song thi mat phap, lai mi va phat tam tu hanh,
neu khong het sc ch thanh th. Chi tiet mi phat tam tu hanh oi y vi
nhieu kiep kho tu ma Ban NT s y dch sot lam yeu i gia tr van hoc oan
van tren.
Trang 82
(Tieu truyen hai thien s Bao Tnh va Minh Tam)
Nguyen van:
D Thien Thanh that nien, t nguyet, nh s tng phan () than (ban
khac Vnh Thnh 1715 khac lam la phan () than, ngha la nhot mnh trong
long, khong thch hp vi ng canh oan tren, chung toi man phep sa lai
la phan than tc thieu than), ac thnh vu trieu, toai kien giang kinh hoi,
ong nhap hoa quang tam muoi. Ky d hai, di cot, cau thanh that bao. Hu
chieu lu Trng Thanh t cung dng. Ly Thai Tong d ky linh d, cai nguyen
Thong Thuy t thap.
Ban NT dch: Ngay thang t nam Thien Thanh th 7 (1034) hai s
nh t thieu. Vua Ly Thai Tong biet tin sai s thnh ve kinh. Hai s ben
m hoi giang kinh roi cung vao trong la hoa quang tam muoi, di cot ket thanh
that bao, vua xuong chieu em that bao ay gi chua Trng Thanh e cung
dng. Ly Thai Tong cho la viec kinh d, oi nien hieu la Thong Thuy
(1034) sai dng thap cung dng.
Dch nh vay co nham lan may cho. Y cua toan mach van oan tren la:
Thang 4 nien hieu Thien Thanh th 7, hai s nh t thieu. Sau khi thnh
cau va c trieu nh chap thuan, hai ngai ben m hoi giang kinh roi
sau o cung vao hoa quang tam muoi. Hai cot con lai eu bien thanh that bao.
Trieu nh ra chieu ch em xa li hai ngai th chua Trng Thanh, vua Ly
Thai Tong nhan chuyen linh d o mi oi nien hieu la Thong Thuy (co ngha
chan hoa iem tot).
Cau ac thnh vu trieu ma dch: Vua Ly Thai Tong biet tin sai s thnh
ve kinh la nham lan, co le dch gia quen la trong thi ky quan chu Phat giao
hng thnh nh i Ly nc ta th trieu nh at ra chc tang quan e giam
sat moi hanh ong cua cac chua chien trong nc. Do o, tuy t thieu e cung
dng Phat phap la mot hanh nguyen ln c moi ngi knh phuc, nhng

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Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

nhan mang la trong, nen tr phi t ong thieu mnh rieng le ni vang ve khong
ai biet th thoi, con muon lap gian hoa quang tam muoi, m hoi giang kinh, tu
tap o chung cung Phat t thuyet phap long trong roi nhap gian th phai xin
phep vi trieu nh. Dch gia khong e y ch toai (la ben) tac gia s dung
trong oan tren that la ac the v no xac nh sau khi c trieu nh chap
thuan hai s ben m hoi giang kinh sau o nhap gian hoa. Can noi them la
van phong TUTA, tac gia khong bao gi dung ch thnh () e dien at y
vua mi cac thien s ve trieu ma luon dung hau nh nhat quan ch trieu ()
cac truyen:
- Khuong Viet ai s: Danh tran vu trieu, inh Tien hoang e trieu
oi, ngha la: Danh tieng s vang doi ti trieu nh, vua inh Tien Hoang
trieu s ve kinh hoi viec.
- Thien s a Bao: Cap e tc v, luy trieu s pho khuyet, ngha la: en
khi vua len ngoi, nhieu lan trieu s ve trieu nh.
- Thien s Giac Hai: ai Than Tong trieu luy trieu, ngha la: en trieu
Than Tong, vua nhieu lan trieu s ve kinh.
- Thien s Ma Ha: Le ai Hanh hoang e tam trieu ch khuyet, ngha
la: Vua Le ai Hanh ba lan trieu s ve trieu nh.
- Thien s Sung Pham: Le ai Hanh hoang e luy trieu pho khuyet,
ngha la: Vua Le ai Hanh nhieu lan trieu s ve trieu nh.
- Thien s Thien Nham: Thien Thuan gian han, trieu s nghe khuyet,
ngha la: Khoang nien hieu Thien Thuan b han han, vua trieu s ve trieu nh.
- Thien s Khanh Hy: Thien Chng Bao T trieu khuyet, ngha la:
Nien hieu Thien Chng Bao T, vua trieu s ve san rong.
- Quoc s Vien Thong: ai Thuan tam nien, Ly Than Tong trieu nhap
Sung Khai ien, ngha la: Nien hieu ai Thuan th 3, vua Ly Than Tong
trieu s vao ien Sung Khai.
Hoac ch trng () cac truyen:
- Thien s Gii Khong: Ly Than Tong trng chi, luy t nai tu, ngha
la: c vua Ly Than Tong vi ve trieu, s t choi may phen roi mi en.
- Thien s Tr Thien: Anh-Cao lng trieu, luy trng bat khi, ngha la:
Hai trieu vua Anh Tong va Cao Tong eu may phen vi goi nhng s khong i.
Ngoai ra, chuyen hai thien s Minh Tam va Bao Tnh thieu than cung
dng Phat phap cac cuon sach lch s cua ta ghi rat ro, nhng khong thay
sach nao chep chuyen hai s c vua mi ve kinh e thieu than ca.
Nh An Nam ch nguyen 5, t 211 viet: Hai thien s Bao Tnh va Minh Tam
la s huyen ong Ngan, ng au chon tung lam, co lan dng hoi giang kinh,
cung vao hoa quang tam muoi, xng cot eu hoa thanh that bao. Hoac Toan
th (B2 t 22a 4-6) va Cng muc chnh bien (t 38b 6-39a1) viet: Thang 4 nien
hieu Thien Thanh th 7 (1034) cai nguyen thanh Thong Thuy nam th nhat v
bay gi co hai nha s Nghiem Bao Tnh va Pham Minh Tam thieu than mnh t

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thanh bay bau. Vua xuong chieu em bay bau o gi lai chua Trng Thanh e
cung dng hng khoi, vua cho o la iem lanh nen cai nguyen Thong Thuy.
Trang 83
(Tieu truyen thien s Quang Tr)
Nguyen van:
(S) dao thao bang khiet, bat s tien my ()
Ban NT dch: Ong la ngi co tiet thao thanh cao, khong e y en
nhng ieu nho mon. Chung toi that khong biet c tai sao Ban NT lai
dch bat s tien my la khong e y en nhng ieu nho mon, v tien ()
la thc an ti ngon, con my () la quan ao long lay. Vay bat s tien my
la khong ban bu viec an ngon mac ep, tc song i am bac ch khong
co chi tiet nao trong nguyen van co the hieu la nhng ieu nho mon c!
Hoac gia ngi dch muon dch thoat y chang?
Trang 83
(Tieu truyen thien s Quang Tr)
Nguyen van:
Hau t sn trac tch, thng quai nap y, nh tong thc, d sn tang
Minh Hue vi phng ngoai khe ().
Ban NT dch: Ve sau s tru tr nui Khong Lo, mac ao va, an hat, ket
ban vi sn tang Minh Hue.
Cum t vi phng ngoai khe () ma ch dch suong la ket ban
th cha het y, v ch phng ngoai () la mot thuat ng thien, ch ni
ngoai coi the tuc, tc ni non cao rng tham xa han chon th t phon hoa.
T nay cung ong ngha vi ch the ngoai (), vat ngoai (). Vay oan
tren nen dch la: Sau s ve tru nui Khong Lo nay, thng mac ao va, an hat
tung, ket ban thoat tuc vi sn tang Minh Hue.
Chung toi xin trch dan mot vai ng luc Thien tong Hoa Viet e thuyet
minh ngha t phng ngoai ():
- Trong bai Phong cuong ngam sach Tue Trung Thng s ng luc:

Thien a dieu vong he ha mang mang

Trng sach u du he phng ngoai phng
Tam dch:

Tri at thoang trong ch sao menh mang

Chong gay rong chi ch ngoai coi the
Trong Ngu ang hoi nguyen, quyen 4:
Vu Bach Trng ha ac ch, hau van Thien Thai thang khai, Thanh hien
gian xuat, t duc cao ap phng ngoai, vien truy ha truc, ngha la: (S Pho
An) ac phap tai ao trang cua Bach Trng Hoai Hai. Ve sau nghe canh tng
nui Thien Thai ep e, Thanh hien thng hien ra ni o, ben co y muon dam
chan coi xa ngoai the tuc, e tm dau vet Thanh hien thu trc.

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Trang 85
(Tieu truyen vua Ly Thai Tong)
Nguyen van:

Thi Ly Thai Tong hoang e thng Thien Phuc Thien Lao tham van
thien ch. Cham chuy tai ha, nao cai thong phong. Van ky chi d, thien
duyet vi lac.
Ban NT dch: Nha vua thng en tham van nhng ieu ch yeu cua
ao thien vi thien s Thien Lao nui Thien Phuc. Nhng li ch giao cua
thien s nh mui kim, mui dui va cham vao, vua lien thay tr nao thong
sang. Ch trong vong may nam, vua tr thanh ngi ham thch ao thien.
Dch nh tren va thieu sot, va sai t ly i ma cung nham thuat ng
ao. Trc het xin noi ve thieu sot. Nguyen van viet: Thi Ly Thai Tong
hoang e thng Thien Phuc Thien Lao tham van thien ch ma Ban NT
ch dch tat: Nha vua thng en tham van, bo han chi tiet Ly Thai Tong
hoang e. anh rang qua ta e Vua Thai Tong ghi tren au tieu truyen,
ai cung biet nha vua ay tc hoang e Ly Thai Tong, nhng dch pht nh
vay khong nen!
Th en noi ve nham lan thuat ng ao. T cham chuy (), hay noi
u la nh mon thng nhat chuy () ngha en la lay cay kim,
cay dui nhon am vao au vao tran, am ch thu thuat cua thien s kham
nghiem hoc nhan hay oi phng xem ho co trnh o lnh ngo thien ch ti
au. Chung toi xin trch dan mot ng luc e thuyet minh y ngha cua ch
cham chuy neu tren:
Thien s Hy Van noi: Thu lao tang ta con i hanh cc, thang hoac gap
mot ngi tai chon co ram th phai lay dui nhon am vao tran han, neu thay
han co cam biet au nga (y noi kham nghiem neu thay han co trnh o lnh
hoi ao phap) th mi oi bao tai gao en cung dng cho han (Lao han hanh
cc thi, hoac ngo thao can ha nhat ca han, tien nh mon thng nhat chuy,
khan tha nhc tri thong dng, kha d bo ai thanh me cung dng tha - Ngu
ang hoi nguyen, q. 4).
Sau het la nham lan t ly i thng. T van ky hoac van c () cung
viet () nguyen co ngha la muon viec vat vanh (T nguyen: (Th) nhat
nhat, nh nhat van ky, y noi ang quan vng tr nc phai biet lu tam de
chng nhng cho vun vat cua moi chuyen trong i). Ve sau goi muon viec ma
ang thien t phai lieu ly la van ky () ong ngha vi ().
Trong ng canh cua cau van ky chi d () t van ky co ngha la
cong viec trieu chnh be bon cua nha vua. Vay van ky chi d co ngha
la ngoai cong viec trieu chnh be bon ra hay khi roi rai cong viec trieu
chnh be bon. Dch ch trong vong may nam la qua xa nguyen van.
Vay toan bo oan tren nen dch la:
Luc bay gi, hoang e Ly Thai Tong thng en nui Thien Phuc tham
van nhng ieu cng yeu cua ao vi thien s Thien Lao. Thien c va neu

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111

ra la au oc nha vua thong suot nam bat ngay. T o nhng khi nhan roi cong
viec trieu chnh be bon, nha vua ch lay thu thien lam vui.
Cum t van c chi d con c dung khac i la van c chi ha (
) thay chep quyen 5, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-235 ha):
Trung Tong Than Long nguyen nien giang chieu van: Tram thnh An, Tu nh
s cung trung cung dng, van c chi ha, moi cu Nhat tha, ngha la: Nam
Than Long nguyen nien, vua ng Trung Tong xuong chieu: Tram vi hai v
thien s An va Tu vao cung cung dng e khi ranh roi viec trieu chnh,
nghien cu phap Nhat tha.
Trang 86
(Tieu truyen quoc s Thong Bien)
Nguyen van:
Thong Bien quoc s, an Phung nhan da, tnh Ngo th, Thch lu t da.
Tnh thong tue vu minh tam hoc ().
Ban NT dch:
Quoc s ngi hng an Phng, ho Ngo, von dong doi Phat t, ban
tnh thong tue, hoc thong tam giao.
Dch nh vay chng to ngi dch ch biet Han hoc, con thuat ng Phat
hoc th hnh nh co phan han che. That ta t tam hoc () khong phai ch
co cac t ien Phat hoc mi chu giai ma ca t ien i thng nh T nguyen
chang han cung eu giai thch ro rang.
Tam hoc tieng Sanskrit la tisrah sksah, tieng Pali la tisso sikkha, la ba
mon gii nh tue ma ngi hoc Phat nao cung lo phai tu tap. Tam hoc ()
goi u la gii nh tue tam hoc. Tam hoc cung con c goi khac i la Tam
thang hoc (), Tam vo lau hoc (). ng ve mat tam tang kinh
ien ma noi th gii hoc thuoc luat, nh hoc thuoc kinh, tue hoc thuoc luan.
Con tam giao la Nho giao, ao giao va Phat giao; hay con goi cach khac
la Khong giao, Lao giao va Thch giao. Hai t co ngha khac xa khong the
lam lan c.
T tam hoc nay khong nhng ngi dch s y dch nham tieu truyen
quoc s Thong Bien ma con dch sai ca mot so tieu truyen cua cac thien s
khac trong TUTA nh:
- Tieu truyen thien s Hien Quang, trang 159
Nguyen van: (S) nien phu thap nhat, Luc To Thng Chieu kien nhi
phu chi, o vi e t. Hoc van thong mai, nhat tung van ngon. Bat man thap
nien, cai ong tam hoc, ngha la: Nam s va mi mot tuoi, thien s Thng
Chieu chua Luc To trong thay em ve nuoi, o cho tu hoc lam e t ngi. T
o, s thong hieu hoc van sau xa, moi ngay tung muon li, nen cha ay mi
nam ma a thong suot ca gii nh tue (hoac kinh luat luan). Ban NT lai dch
nham: Nam mi mot tuoi c thien s Thng Chieu chua Luc To nhan
nuoi lam e t. S hoc tap thong minh tan ti, moi ngay tung oc ca van cau.
Cha ay mi nam thong gioi ca tam giao.

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- Tieu truyen thien s Van Hanh, trang 188

Nguyen van: Gia the phung Phat, s au tue sieu d, cai quan tam hoc,
ngha la: Gia toc s nhieu i th phung Phat. Rieng s hoi con be thong minh
d thng, thong suot kinh luat luan (hoac gii nh tue). Ban NT cung dch
nham la: Gia nh a may i th Phat. Thu nho thong minh khac thng,
hoc thong ba giao, oc ky tram nha.
T tam giao () vi ngha Nho-Lao-Phat cung c s dung trong
TUTA nh tieu truyen quoc s Vien Thong, nguyen van viet: Hoi Phong luc
nien trung, tam giao th, trung giap khoa, ngha la: Nien hieu Hoi Phong
th 6, s o au khoa thi tam giao.
Hoac thay chep that ro net trong quyen 28 sach Canh c truyen ang
luc (ai 51-441 trung): Hu van: Nho, ao, Thch tam giao ong d nh ha,
s viet: ai lng gia dung chi tc ong, tieu c gia chap chi tc d. Ngha
la: Lai hoi: Tam giao Nho-ao-Thch giong va khac nhau the nao?, thien s
Tue Hai ap: Ke kh lng rong rai s dung th ca ba giong nhau, ke can c
nho hep th ca ba khac nhau.
Trang 86
(Tieu truyen quoc s Thong Bien)
Nguyen van:
Nai Thang kinh quoc t quai ap, t hieu Tr Khong.
Ban NT dch: Sau o co chieu ch trieu ve kinh o Thang Long
tru tr chua Khai Quoc.
Trong nguyen van khong co chi tiet nao noi en chuyen co chieu ch trieu
s ve kinh o Thang Long tru tr chua Khai Quoc ca. Do ngi dch khong e y
thuat ng thien quai ap () nen co phan lung tung cau nay roi nhan thay
ch Thang kinh quoc t tc chua chanh kinh o nen ngh la s c chieu
ch ve tru tr chua Khai Quoc. That ra ch thap () trong trc tac thien lam
dung no e ta am cho ch ap () nen phai oc la ap va co ngha la cai ao
ngan cua nha s hay cai b ng y phuc cua hanh cc tang. Nguyen
ban au t quai ap () ch co ngha cac nha s hanh cc du phng khi
en chua nao tam dng chan th trc het phai treo cai b ng quan ao cua
mnh len cai moc tren vach tang ng. Ve sau dien dch them t ha quai
ap () e ch hoa thng tru tr t vien ong y thu nap, cho tang nhan
hanh cc y tru (lu ngu) lai chua mnh.
Sach Bach Trng thanh quy, tc quyen sach ghi chep quy nh sinh hoat
cua cac t vien Thien tong, quyen 8 (ai 48-1158 ha) ghi: Bat ke hoc chung
chua mnh ong hay t, t vien eu phai an bai cho ho cac ao cu can thiet nh
sap dai e nam ngh tap the (trng lien sang), moc treo lam gia cho b quan
ao (Thi di gia quai ap ). Ve sau na t quai ap () co ngha
thien s hay tang nhan dng chan y tru lai t vien nao o, ch khong nhat
thiet phai lam tru tr.
Vay cau Nai Thang kinh quoc t quai ap, t hieu Tr Khong co
ngha la: S ben tru lai chua Khai Quoc kinh o Thang Long va t xng

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hieu la Tr Khong (Co the ve sau s c ton lam tru tr roi thang chc quoc
s, nhng thi iem ma oan van tren e cap th s ch y tru lai ma thoi!).
T quai ap () nay cung con c goi la quai n (), quai ap
n (), quai tch (), quai ap (), quai bat ().
Trang 87
(Tieu truyen quoc s Thong Bien)
Nguyen van:
(Phu Thanh Cam Linh Nhan Hoang thai hau) van: Phat To chi ngha
hu ha u tiem Nhi niem Phat danh, at To tam gia, v tri ha gia th ch?
().
Ban NT dch: Phat va To ngha the nao? Ai hn ai kem?... Ma ngi
niem ten Phat, at tam an cua To cha ro la nhng ai?.
Dch nh vay la khong e y cau hoi cua Hoang thai hau Phu Thanh Cam
Linh: Phat To chi ngha hu ha u tiem, tc Y ngha cua Phat va To, co g
hn kem nhau?, t o mi dan en chuyen Thai hau thac mac, so sanh ke
niem ten Phat (tc ngi tu theo Giao tong ma tieu bieu la Tnh o tong)
va ngi at c tam an cua To (tc ngi tu theo Thien tong) th ai
mi la ngi at c yeu ch Phat mon.
Va e tra li cau hoi hoc bua nay, quoc s Thong Bien a giai ap mot
cach dung hoa oan ke o nh sau: Giao y c truyen en Thien Thai tong
la thnh nhat va goi la Giao tong, con To y tc thien ch th en phai Tao Khe
cua Luc To Hue Nang la sang choi nhat va goi la Thien tong (Truyen ky giao
da ch Thien Thai vi thanh, v chi Giao tong. ac ky ch ch Tao Khe vi minh,
v chi Thien tong).
Ngai Thong Bien a kheo leo tranh tra li thang ai hn kem ai, v theo
li ngai th Phat (Giao tong) va To (Thien tong) von ch la mot, nhng b bon
hoc gia can d phan biet thanh hn kem (Phat To nhat da, cai lam hoc gia lu,
yeu t xng u tiem nh).
Xa nay To y va Giao y, Thien tong va Giao tong (tc ch tong ngoai
Thien tong) la mot van e gay lam tranh cai va o e hai tong nay i no sang
i kia a kch bac nhau nang ne. e giup oc gia thay ro quan iem that ung
an Phat To nhat da cua quoc s Thong Bien, chung toi xin trch dan mot
vai ng luc co lien quan en To y va Giao y e chng minh:
- Thien s Nguyen Lai i Thanh noi: Do chuyen c Thch Ca Mau
Ni ai s ngoi tai ao trang 49 nam, rot lai e nang hoa khai th o chung,
nen mi co y ch giao ngoai biet truyen. Qua that co chuyen truyen thu
ngoai kinh giao chang? Thien ch la gieng moi cua giao ngha, con giao
ngha la nhng mac li cua thien ch. Cang day gieng len th cac mac li
bung ra. Nhng neu ch biet en cac mac li nho ma khong hieu ranh gieng
moi tong quat, la khong lnh hoi ch y ao ly hp nhat cua Thien tong, Giao
tong. The th la tai ng re lai gap ng re day ay. Neu chu kho tai am
ng re roi mu ma do tm lai gieng moi chanh th trong giao ngha eu

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co thien ch. Neu nhan thc c thien ch vi y ngha o th moi li, moi
ch, eu la thien c toi dieu. Neu khong nhan thc c thien ch nh the,
ma ch cau ne vao van t th thien ch kia cung ch la giao ngha ma
thoi! (Dch t Nguyen lai quang luc, q. 21).
- Van: To y, Giao y, th ong th biet?, s van: Nham cao tung lanh
kien, Gian khuc thuy lu tr. Ngha la: Hoi: Thien ch va Giao ngha giong
nhau hay khac nhau?, thien s Thien Chieu noi: Tren au non cao, giong
tung chu lanh cang manh me; di long khe uon khuc, nc chay l (Phan
dng ng luc, quyen thng).
Gi y: Tuy theo ban chat, can c chung sanh ma ng dung Thien ch hay
Giao ngha.
- S tru hau, tang van: To y, Giao y th ong, th biet?. S viet: Ke han
thng tho, Ap han nhap thuy. Ngha la, sau khi (thien s Hao Giam) tru tr
t vien, co tang nhan hoi: Thien ch va Giao ngha giong hay khac nhau?. S
ap: Ga gap tri lanh nhay len cao, vt gap tri lanh loi xuong nc (Canh
c truyen ang luc, q. 22).
Gi y: Gap tri lanh ga nhay len cay ma vt th lai loi xuong nc. Tuy
phng cach co khac nhau, nhng muc ch van la mot: tranh lanh. To y va
Giao y cung vay, tuy phng tien khac nhau, nhng muc ch ch la mot: cu
o chung sanh giai thoat luan hoi phien nao!
Trang 95
(Tieu truyen thien s Ngo An)
Nguyen van:
S v gia thi, gia tai mo lam chi trac, kien dac tuc ieu gia, tan nhien
() v viet: Ninh thu t vi thien, bat thu sinh vi ac.
Ban NT dch la: (Me ho Cu) khi cha lay chong, nha canh ngha a
gan khu rng, thay ngi ta at bay bat het ca chim, ba noi: Tha chet ma
lam ngi thien, con hn song ma lam ke ac.
Dch nh vay la khong e y ch tan () trong nguyen van ong ngha vi
ch tan () khac sot bo hoa, va t oi tan nhien () i lien vi t v viet
ch khong phai i lien vi dac tuc ieu gia, ngha la dau phay phai c
at sau ch gia ch khong phai sau ch nhien. Va cau kien dac tuc ieu gia
co ngha la thay ke at bay bat chim em. T tan nhien () nay ch la mot
trang thai tam ly nh di nhien () la vui mng, ien nhien () la mac
c v.v va co ngha la buon ba ri le. Ch tan () la le en sap ri chay,
t o dan ti tan nhien () la buon ba ri le. Ch tan () nay c dung
tieu truyen thien s T ao Hanh, trong cau: S phng c an nhi thuy, thu
v thch quyen, ang chi d tan ai duc doanh cai, ngha la: S ang ta
ban ma ngu, tay cha ri quyen, le nen tha ri ong gan bt khay en. Ro
net hn ca la quyen 7, sach Canh c truyen ang luc a s dung t tan nhien
() nh sau: Duy Khoan thien s gia Nien thap tam kien sat sanh gia, tan
nhien bat nhan thc, ngha la: Thien s Duy Khoan, nam mi ba tuoi, thay
sat sanh, buon ba khong n an.

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Vay cau tren co le nen dch la: (Me ho Cu) khi con cha lay chong nha canh
bai tha ma gan khu rng, thay ngi ta at bay bat chim em, ba buon ba
noi rang: Ta tha chu chet ma lam ieu thien, hn la song ma lam ieu ac!.
Nguyen van (Cung trang 95):
Nhat nhat phng chc cam, hu ai nh hau t lam trung xuat lai bao
ky boi canh nhat nai kh. Cu th giac hu dng, cap sinh nhi o chi, kh vu
lam gian.
Ban NT dch la: Mot hom ba ang ngoi det vai, co con kh ln t trong
rng chay ra, om lay lng ba suot ngay mi bo i. Sau o ba biet mnh co
mang. en khi sinh ra, a con mat mui xau x, ba lay lam ghet, ben em
bo vao rng.
Dch nh vay co hai iem ang noi. Th nhat han ai cung biet ch cam
() ngha la gam ma sao lai dch la vai. Trong nguyen van ca hai ban TUTA
va ai Nam Thien uyen truyen ang tap luc (NTUTTL) eu khong thay co
cau nao noi en chi tiet a con mat mui xau x. Ch o () ay la ghet
ch khong phai xau.
Vay cau tren nen dch la: Mot hom, ba ang det gam th co con kh ln
t trong rng ra om lay lng ba suot ngay mi bo i. Ba Cu biet mnh co thai,
khi sinh con lay lam ghet, ben em bo vao rng.
Nguyen van (Cung trang 95):
ong hng Chiem Thanh cu s am th (), thu nhi cuc chi,
nhan danh d Kh.
Ban NT dch: Trong hng co s cu ngi Chiem Thanh ho am trong
thay em ve nuoi, nhan o at ten la Kh.
Theo chung toi ngh t cu s ma dch theo kieu mot a mot la s cu e
khong on. V s cu la t Nom e goi ton knh nha s gia theo kieu ngi bnh
dan va khong co t Han van nao la cu s () e ch s cu theo ngha tren.
Theo cho chung toi ngh co le ay la ten ngi Chiem Thanh c phien am
nh the, bang c la sach Toan th (B3 t 22b5 va 37a7) co ghi ten hai ngi
Chiem Thanh la Cu Ong va Cu Ban. Ve Cu Ong, Toan th viet: Nien hieu
Thien Phu Due th 5 (1124), ngi nc Chiem Thanh la Cu Ong va o e ba
ngi en chau. Ve Cu Ban, sach ay viet: Mua thu thang 7 nien hieu Thien
Thuan th 5 (1132), ngi nc Chiem Thanh la Cu Ban v.v tron ve nc ho,
en Nhat Le th b ngi trai Nhat Le bat giai ve kinh s.
Vay co le oan tren nen dch la: Trong lang co ngi Chiem Thanh la
am Cu S nhat ve nuoi nen mi at ten la Kh.
Tuy nhien ay cung ch la cho suy ngh cua chung toi co tnh cach gi y
ch khong dam cho la ung!
Trang 96
(Tieu truyen thien s Ngo An)
Nguyen van:
Thng hu tang van: Nh ha th ai ao. S van: ai lo. Tang van:
Hoc nhan van ai ao, oi d ai lo! V tham ha nhat at ai ao?. S van:
Mieu nhi v giai troc th ().

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Ban NT dch:

Co tang khach thnh van:

- The nao la ai ao?
S ap:

- Con ng ln.
Khach hoi:

- Ke hoc nay hoi ve ai ao the ma hoa thng lai ap la con
ng ln, e t cha biet bao gi th at ti ai ao.
S ap:

- Meo con cha biet bat chuot.
Dch nh vay oi vi van ly i thng th cung cha on, ma oi vi thien
ly th lai cang khong on hn. Trc het xin noi ve t ng i thng. T mieu
nhi () ma a so ngi Viet ta hoc ch Nho thng hieu gian d theo ngha
tng tieng la meo con, th oi vi ngi Hoa, mieu nhi ch co ngha n gian
la con meo.
Cung nh cau t () la con cho ch khong phai cho con. Ch nhi ()
ng sau ten loai vat nho nho co ngha nh tieng con trong tieng Viet. Chang
han, con nhong tc con bat bat th goi la bat bat nhi, con hoang oanh th goi
la hoang oanh nhi Hoac ng sau giai cap co ngha la ngi, ke, nh khat
nhi () la ngi an may, o nhi () la ke o te v.v
Chung toi xin trng dan mot ng luc a s dung t mieu nhi vi ngha
con meo: Van: Pham Thanh ong c thi nh ha?, s van: Lng ca mieu
nhi, nhat ca ninh. Ngha la: Hoi Pham Thanh cung chung lon th the nao?,
s ap Ca hai con meo eu cung mot ban tnh la hung d (Ngu ang hoi
nguyen, q. 11).
Gi y: Y noi pham, Thanh khong co g khac nhau, nh tuy hai con meo
nhng cung eu co chung mot ca tnh la hung d.
Hay trong quyen 8, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-258 thng)
chep: S nhan ong Tay lng ng cac tranh mieu nhi. S ngo chi v chung
viet: ao ac tc cu thu mieu nhi. ao bat ac tc tram khc gia. Ngha
la: Thien s (Nam Tuyen Pho Nguyen) nhan tang chung hai ng ong Tay
tranh nhau con meo, s bat gap mi noi vi ho: Noi ung th cu c con meo.
Neu khong noi ung th ta chem quach no.
Ve thien ly th tai sao cau Mieu nhi v giai troc th dch Meo con cha
biet bat chuot, lai khong ung? Meo con cha biet bat chuot la phai roi con sai
cho nao! e lam sang to cho sai nay chung ta can ra soat lai tap quan Thien
tong. Theo quan iem cua Thien tong th nhng van e thuoc ch y huyen dieu
cua thien nh To s Tay lai y, Phat phap ai y, T ky Phat, ai ao,
Lien hoa v xuat thuy, Lien hoa xuat thuy hau v.v la nhng ieu bat kha t
ngh, cho nen chung ta khong the em tri kien han lng cua chung sanh, hoac
ngon ng, van t ma hoi ban, giai thch c. Trong con mat cua cac thien s
ac ao neu ke nao hoi ban ti nhng van e o la a hanh ong mot cach me
muoi, ngc i, chay uoi h vong. Do o khi gap hoc nhan hay oi phng

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117

em nhng van e o ra ma hoi vien vong th hau het thai o cua cac thien s
la im lang mot lat roi hoi: a hieu cha?, hoac lam mot c ch bieu th chuyen
ngc i nh dong au xuong at, chong cang len tri e i, hay lay oi dep
e tren au roi i ra, hoac tra li mot cau bang qu v van, hoac tra li mot
cau nghch ly ngc i, hoac mot cau bieu th chuyen that bnh thng gian
d, e don ngi hoi vao cho cung ng kien giai, may ra o co chut c hoi
nao chang?!
Chung toi xin trng dan mot so ng luc chng minh:
- Van: Nh ha th Tay lai y?, s viet: Van t thng thiet ngu. Ngha
la tang nhan hoi: The nao la y cua To at Ma t An o sang?, thien s ao
Khuong ap: Con muoi ap len mnh trau sat e ot (Canh c truyen ang
luc, q. 21).
- Tang van: Nh ha th Phat phap ai y?, s viet: L Lang me tac ma
gia?. Ngha la tang nhan hoi: The nao la ai y cua Phat phap?, thien s
Hanh T noi: Gia gao L Lang bao nhieu vay ca? (To ng tap, q. 3).
- Tang van: Nh ha th Phat phap ai y?, s viet: Hoang Ha vo trch
thuy, Hoa Nhac tong bnh tram. Ngha la tang nhan hoi: The nao la ai y
cua Phat phap?, thien s Thien Phc ap: Song Hong Ha can queo khong
giot nc, nui Hoa Nhac hoan toan b ngap chm (Canh c truyen ang
luc, q. 15).
- Tang van: Nh ha th Phat phap ai y?, s van: Xuan nhat ke minh.
Viet: Hoc nhan bat hoi, s viet: Trung thu khuyen phe. Ngha la tang nhan
hoi: The nao la ai y cua Phat phap?, thien s ai Thien ap: Ngay xuan ga
gay, tang nhan noi: Hoc nhan khong hieu. S noi them: Trung thu cho sua
(Ngu ang hoi nguyen, q. 3).
- Van: Nh ha th ao?, s viet: Tng ngoai e. Viet: Bat van gia
ca. S viet: Ne van na ca?, viet: ai ao. S viet: ai ao thau Trng
An. Ngha la tang hoi: The nao la ao?, thien s Trieu Chau Tung Tham
(gia bo tng hoi con ng) ap: ben ngoai tng rao. Tang nhan noi:
e t khong hoi chuyen con ng o, s hoi: Vay ch ong hoi cai g?,
tang ap: Hoi ve ai ao (ao ln) kia. S (van gia bo hieu lam cau hoi)
ap: A con ng ln ha, no thong thau tan Trng An lan (Ngu ang
hoi nguyen, q. 4).
Vi ngan ay trng dan, chung ta a tam nam c tap quan Thien tong
khi gap ngi hoi ve nhng van e bat kha t ngh. Gi xin tr lai chuyen meo
cha tng biet bat chuot. Khi ong tang hoi the nao la ai ao, thien s
Ngo An a khong chu tra li ma gia bo hieu nham nen ap ne la con ng
ln e ngam khai th ong tang ng hoi v van chuyen o. Nhng ong tang
khong lnh hoi, lai nang nac hoi cho c Chng nao at ti ao ln, nen s
Ngo An mi a ra mot cau noi ngc i: Meo cha tng biet bat chuot.
Dch theo thuan y th khong hieu ung tham y cua thien s khi tra li ong
tang! Dch thien va dch van hoc i thng co khac nhau vay.

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Trang 100-101
(Tieu truyen thien s ao Hue va Bien Tai)

Nguyen van:
Th da tam canh man nhien nhi te. Mon nhan Quach tang thong b le
vat quy bon quan tra-ty tam tang tat, thap vu Tien Du sn, Bao Kham t, thien
xa-li an tr.
Long kinh Van Tue t, Bien Tai thien s, Quang Chau nhan.
Ban NT dch: Canh ba em ay s lang le qua i. Hoc tro la Quach tang
thong lo lieu le vat, a thi hai s ve quan nha lam le hoa tang roi xay thap
ben canh chua Long Kham nui Tien Du, mot phan xa-li em ve th
chua Van Tue tai Thang Long.
Thien s Bien Tai ngi Quang Chau Trung Quoc.
oan nay ngi dch pham nhieu sai sot. Th nhat nguyen van cua ca hai
ban TUTA va NTUTTL eu viet la chua Bao Kham (Kham), nhng Ban
NT lai dch la chua Long Kham. Th en ca hai cung eu viet: tra-ty tam
tang tat, ngha la: Lam le hoa tang va chu tam tang xong, nhng ngi
dch lai bo mat chi tiet quan trong la Quach tang thong lam le hoa tang chu
tam tang xong (tc sau 3 nam) mi di xa li cua s ve chua Bao Kham. Va
quan trong hn het la do trong nguyen van ca hai ban TUTA va NTUTTL
eu khong cham cau xuong dong sau ch cuoi cua phan tieu truyen ao Hue
thien s e sang phan tieu truyen thien s Bien Tai nen ngi dch a nham
lan khi em cau Long kinh Van Tue t la cau au cua tieu truyen thien s
Bien Tai ghep vao phan cuoi tieu truyen thien s ao Hue va lam tieu truyen
thien s Bien Tai mat phan neu ten ngoi chua ma s tru tr. ieu nay cung la
v tieu truyen cua tat ca cac thien s c ke trong TUTA eu theo mot bo cuc
duy nhat la trc het neu a danh ngoi chua ma thien s tru tr toa lac, ke
neu ten ngoi chua o, roi ti phap danh thien s. Dch nh Ban NT th hoa
ra thien s Bien Tai khong biet a tru tr chua nao, va ngoi chua o khong
biet toa lac au!
Vay oan tren nen dch la: Canh ba em o, s lang le qua i. Hoc tro
la tang thong ho Quach chuan b le vat, a thi hai s ve quan nha hoa tang,
chu tam tang xong mi xay thap chua Bao Kham tren nui Tien Du,
di xa li cua s an tr vao ay.
(Ket thuc tieu truyen thien s ao Hue, chuyen sang tieu truyen thien s
Bien Tai vi cau m au: Thien s Bien Tai chua Van Tue tai kinh o
Thang Long, ngi Quang Chau Trung Quoc).
e xac minh cau Long kinh Van Tue t, Bien Tai thien s, Quang Chau
nhan thuoc cau au cua tieu truyen thien s Bien Tai, tc chua Van
Tue kinh o Thang Long la ni tru tr cua thien s Bien Tai, chung toi
xin trch dan oan sau ay trong tieu truyen thien s Khanh Hy: S (Khanh
Hy) bat hoi nai t (Bon Tch) kh, ch Van Tue Bien Tai. Tai van, ngha
la: S Khanh Hy khong khe hoi c, ben gia t thay la Bon Tch, en (tham
van) thien s Bien Tai chua Van Tue. Bien Tai hoi.

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

119

Trang 114
(Tieu truyen thien s Tn Hoc)
Nguyen van:
(S) nhat duy nht thc, hnh dung kho tuy, nh th hu nien, tuyet vo
yem sac ().
Ban NT dch: (S) trong nhieu nam, hang ngay ch an mot ba, hnh
dung kho heo tieu tuy, dt het long ham muon.
Dch nh vay la nham lan v tuyet vo yem sac co ngha la (mat) tuyet
oi khong lo ve chan nan chut nao, y noi tuy trong nhieu nam, i song
thanh ban am bac, than the heo mon, nhng than sac thien s Tn Hoc van
than nhien, ung dung vo s, chang lo ve chan nan.
Trang 120
(Tieu truyen thien s Tnh Khong)
Nguyen van:
Van:
To y d Giao y th ong th biet?.
S van: Van ly the hang giai trieu khuyet.
Van:
Hoa thng hu ky ac s nh ha bat hng hoc nhan thuyet?.
Ban NT dch:
Hoi:
Y To va y Phat giong (nhau) khac nhau the nao?.
ap:
Treo non vt bien muon dam eu hng ve ca khuyet.
Hoi:
Tr tue cua hoa thng that ac sac ky la, sao khong cho cac
e t cung biet?.
Cau Treo non vt bien muon dam eu hng ve ca khuyet dch rat
hay, at thau y thien, khong nham lan nh hoa thng Thanh T khi ngai dch
Muon dam nh thuyen eu en ben. Nhng ti cau Hoa thng hu ky ac s
nh ha bat hng hoc nhan thuyet? ma dch Tr tue cua hoa thng that ac
sac ky la, sao khong cho cac e t cung biet? th lai hong nang v ngi dch
khong nam c xuat x cau nay. That ra trong truyen thien s Tnh Khong,
oan t cau To y d Giao y nh ha th biet? en cau Da Ty thi phu toa trng
vang hau nh TUTA a chep lai giong 90% mot oan trong tieu truyen thien
s Thien Hoi quyen 15, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-324 trung).
Vay oan tren co le nen dch la: Hoa thng co ban s oc ac nh the
sao khong noi cho hoc nhan mo ay biet?, ngha la sao khong noi cho rieng
ban than tieu s biet ma thoi, ch khong phai cho cac e t cung biet. Va
ky ac s ay la ban s, phong cach, s viec sac net oc ao ch khong
phai tr tue cua hoa thng that ac sac ky la nh Ban NT dch! Thuat ng
ky ac s c trc tac Thien lam s dung rat nhieu nh:
- Quyen 21, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-371 ha) chep: S
thng ng viet: Tong mon huyen dieu, vi ng ch nham (tam) ma da,
canh biet hu ky ac. Ngha la thien s La Han Que Sam thng ng noi:
Tong mon huyen dieu, ch nen nh the, ch au co net g oc ao au!.

120

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

- Quyen 18, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51-344 thng) viet: S
hu thi van: Ch thien c nh ch nhan tan tuan phng hanh cc lai,
xng nga tham thien hoc ao, vi hu ky ac x kh, vi ng ch nham ma
ong van Tay van?. Ngha la thien s (Huyen Sa S B) co khi noi: Thien c
cac ong eu a i hanh cc cac ni tr ve ay xng ta a tham thien hoc ao.
Vay co ban sac g oc ao? Hay ch co hoi nay, hoi no nh the?.
Con cau To y d Giao y th ong th biet?, Ban NT dch: Y To va y
Phat giong nhau khac nhau the nao?. Dch nh the co le do ngi dch cha
e y ngha ch thc cua cac thuat ng To y va Giao y, nen tuy ve iem chung
chung th dch nh the khong co g sai, nhng oc gia se khong nam c y
ngha mau chot cua cau hoi tren. (Van e To y va Giao y a e cap tieu truyen
quoc s Thong Bien, xin khong nhac lai).
Vay cau tren phai dch ay u hn la: Ch y cua To Thien tong va giao
ngha cua ch gia Giao tong giong hay khac nhau?.
Trang 120
(Tieu truyen thien s ai Xa)
Nguyen van:
Nhat nhat Ly Anh Tong van: Tram a phien hoac, ha thuat th chi?,
s van: Thap nh nhan duyen phap, th sanh t tuan hoan chi can bon. Duc
d tr chi, th ky dc da.
Ban NT dch:
Mot hom vua Ly Anh Tong vi s en hoi:
- Tram nhieu phien cam, co phep g cha khoi khong?
S noi:
- Phap thap nh nhan duyen la goc re cua vong sanh t tuan hoan. Be ha
dung phep ay th o la thuoc cha benh vay!.
Chung toi xem ky nguyen van, ca hai ban TUTA va NTUTTL eu
thay chep la: Tram a phien hoac (), ch khong phai phien cam ().
Phien hoac la phien nao va nghi hoac me lam, khong the dch la phien
cam c. Phai chang ngi dch a s y oc nham hoac thanh cam, v t
dang hai ch hoac va cam kha giong nhau?
oan nay tac gia TUTA sao chep lai gan nh nguyen y oan viet ve tieu
truyen thien s Bao Ch quyen 27, sach Canh c truyen ang luc (ai 51430 thng) nh sau: e nhat nhat van s viet: e t phien hoac ha d tr
chi?, s viet: Thap nh thc gia d vi thap nh nhan duyen tr hoac dc da.
Trang 122
(Tieu truyen thien s ai Xa)
Nguyen van:
Tch Lng Vu e thng d th van Bao Ch thien s, Ch diec nh
th oi. Kim thiet vi be ha c t ().
Ban NT dch: Ngay xa, Lng Vu e tng hoi Bao Ch thien s,
Bao Ch cung tra li nh the. Nay ban ao trom phep noi tng t e be ha
tham cu.

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

121

C t () la thuat lai y het hoi trc, ch khong phai noi tng

t, v noi tng t co ngha la noi lai, ke lai gan giong, na na, ch khong
y het. Do o khong dien ta het y ch c t c, c t la mot thuat ng thien
cho nen can phai c dch sat ch khong the phong dch c.
Vay cau tren co le nen dch la: Ngay xa Lng Vu e tng hoi thien
s Bao Ch, Bao Ch cung tra li nh the. Nay (ban ao) trom phep thuat lai
y het cho be ha nghe.
Trang 123
(Tieu truyen thien s ai Xa)
Nguyen van:

o trung nhan cong qua ()

Ma thng nhan bat hanh ()
Ban NT trch ban dch bai th tren cua ong Minh Chi nh sau:

Tren ng ngi cung qua

Ci nga, ngi khong i!
Dch nh vay khong at y tac gia, ma ve cau cu nghe cung khong hp
ngha. Y cua hai cau nay che chung sanh ai cung co Phat tnh, t ky Phat ma
khong biet s dung lai i tm Phat au au ben ngoai. Chang khac nao tren
ng lam ke qua lai nhng eu cuoc bo con tren lng nga th chang thay ai
ci ca (y noi ke co nga cung ch dat nga cuoc bo ch khong biet ci tren lng
no). Hai cau nay y cung giong nh hai cau th cua thien s ao Hanh:

Phu nhan hu cau t

Bo hanh bat k cau
Ngha la:

Ke giau co nga t

Cuoc bo chang ci au
Trang 124
(Tieu truyen thien s Tnh Lc)
Nguyen van:
(S) tnh Ngo, huy Tram, thieu thong bien, trng van nghe (
).
Ban NT dch: (S) ho Ngo, ten huy la Tram. T thu nho thong minh,
gioi bien luan, co tai van nghe....
Dch nh vay tuy khong co g sai, nhng chung chung qua, co le v ngi
dch khong e y en ngha cua t van nghe () trong thi quan chu xa xa.
Thu o, t van nghe khong co ngha la van hoc nghe thuat nh ta hieu
ngay nay, ma la mot t dung e ch mot the van dung trong khoa c la the
che nghe. Van nghe hay van che nghe c viet theo the bat co, gom
hai ve oi nhau va co chut t thay oi tuy theo cuoc thi moi trieu ai, nhng
tu trung gom thi, phu, van, sach, che, chieu, bieu v.v...

122

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

Vay oan tren nen dch: (S) ho Ngo, ten huy la Tram, t nho thong
minh, bien bac lanh le, gioi van bat co khoa c che nghe.
T nay Bo Tung Linh dung rat nhieu trong Lieu trai ch d, th du nh
truyen T Van Lang: Sinh tam phan, hien mi, nhng uyen nhi ai ngon viet:
Cam ng tien menh e, nhat hieu van nghe ho?. Ngha la: Sinh xau ho o
quau, trn mat, xan tay ao, thach ln loi: Cac anh co dam ra au e ngay tai
ay e cung nhau thi au van chng che nghe khong?. T van nghe cung
co khi c Bo Tung Linh viet la che nghe, nh trong truyen Long Phi tng
cong: Lch thi nhc hu so nien chi cu, nhien hanh vo kho an vo biet th
kha oc, duy che nghe bach thu, ngha la: Trai qua co le a may nam, nhng
may cung khong buon kho g, co ieu chang co sach chi khac e oc, ch co hn
tram bai van che nghe!.
Nguyen van (Cung trang 124):
Du hoc thi, ngo Tien Du ao Hue, cham gii tng au (),
the tam Phat a.
Ban NT dch: Khi du hoc c gap thien s ao Hue, ong b cuon hut,
ben doc long nng nh at Phat.
Dch nh vay, ngoai loi bo sot a phng Tien Du, con pham phai nham
lan khi hieu cham gii tng au la b cuon hut. Cum t cham gii
tng au () nguyen co ngha thng la hot cai nem ra ghim trung
au mui kim, la mot chuyen that kho xay ra, c sang tac tung lam s dung
e ch thay tro nhan duyen khe hp that ac biet hiem thay.
Trang 125
(Tieu truyen thien s Tnh Lc)
Nguyen van:
Can thien tri thc, phat ngon hoa duyet, thuyet tat d thi, noi vo
bo uy, lieu at ngha.
Ban NT dch: than gan ke thien tri thc, li noi hoa nha, chang bao
lau trong tam het s hai, hieu thau giao ly.
Thuyet tat d thi, noi vo bo uy tc noi nang phai tuy luc, trong
long khong s hai la hai ve phan biet, nen khong the dch chung thanh
chang bao lau trong tam het s hai c.
Vay oan tren nen dch la: than gan bac thien tri thc, m li hoa nha,
noi nang la luc, trong tam khong s hai, thau at y ngha.
Nguyen van (Cung trang 125):
Quan nhat thiet phap vo thien, vo nga, vo tac, x s ly phan biet, th
vi hoc ao nhan da.
Ban NT dch: Tat ca moi phap vo thng, vo nga, vo tac, vo vi cho nao
thay chenh lech xa ri phai biet phan biet e hieu ro.
X s ly phan biet () la la xa phan biet co khong cua
the gii y niem nh nguyen, mot yeu ly cua thien Phat giao ma Thien tong
thng nhan manh.

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123

oan van x s ly phan biet tac gia a lay y quyen 3, sach Canh
c truyen ang luc (ai 51-221 trung) nh sau: Nh duc minh bon tam gia,
ng tham e suy sat. Ngo sac ngo thanh, v khi giac quan thi, tam ha s
chi th vo da? Th hu da? Ky bat oa hu vo x s, tuc tam chau oc lang,
thng chieu the gian, ngha la (Tang Na noi vi mon nhan Tue Man): Ong
muon sang to bon tam th phai suy xet can than. Ngo hnh sac, ngo am thanh
ma cha khi giac th tam au? o la vo chang? o la hu chang? Neu a
khong ri vao cho oi ai hu-vo th vien ngoc tam kia t anh ngi, thng
chieu sang khap the gian.
Vay cau tren co ngha la: Quan sat tat ca cac phap eu khong co thien,
vo nga, vo tac, vo vi, xa la phan biet oi ai co-khong, th mi la ngi
hoc ao. Neu dch nh Ban NT th khong nhng trai han y cua nguyen van
ma con ao lon ly thien na.
Trang 127
(Tieu truyen thien s Tr Bao)
Nguyen van:
S t than viet: Nga tuy hu xuat gia chi tam, v ac xuat gia chi ch, th
nh quat tnh, tuy ch cu nhan, nhi bat cap tuyen, do vi kh tnh, huong tu
than bat ngo ao da.
Ban NT dch: S than rang: Ta tuy co long xuat gia ma cha hieu thau
tong ch cung v nh ngi ao gieng sau en chn nhan ma khong gap nc,
con i g ma khong bo cai gieng ay i! Huong chi ta tu than ma khong ngo
ao, biet tnh the nao?.
Do vi kh tnh () co ngha la cung ke nh cai gieng bo i.
Toan oan th nh quat tnh, tuy ch cu nhan, nhi bat cap tuyen, do vi kh
tnh, co ngha la: V nh ao gieng, tuy a sau en chn nhan(*) ma van cha
gap mach nc, th cai gieng o cung ke nh cai gieng bo i. Dch con i g
ma khong bo cai gieng ay i la khong ung vi y nguyen van lam.
Trang 130
(Tieu truyen thien s Trng Nguyen)
Nguyen van:
Nai menh s co giao phien than Le Hoi khoa tr khuyet ha. Cap ch,
quan Hng Sat t, s t hoi ao quy ().
Ban NT dch: (Vua) ben sai ban cu cua s la phien than Le Hoi en
khuyen mi. S nhan li cung i, nhng khi en chua Quan Hng lai lay
lam hoi, ben tron ve.
Trc het, dch chua Quan Hng la do ngi dch khong e y ngha ch
quan () ng canh cau nay. Ch quan khong phai i chung vi ch Hng
() thanh danh t oi ch ten chua Quan Hng ma la ong t co ngha sap
xep, bo tr cho thien tang ngu tam chua nao o, vi y trang trong.
* Nhan : n v o lng thi nha Chu, 1 nhan = 8 thc. BBT.

124

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

Th en dch va cham cau nh Ban NT lam cho cau van tr nen map
m, khong ro ngha. Trong khi y nguyen van th trnh t dien bien ro ret nh
sau: Vua sai ban cu cua s la phien than Le Hoi khuyen du mi s ve kinh
(chuyen o a xong), va khi en ni th sap xep cho s tam ngu tai chua
Hng Sat (cung a xong), (sau o) s t hoi tron ve.
Ngoai ra, tuy ch sat () co ngha thong thng la cot phn, cai
thap th Phat, hay ch cai chua nh ngha cua ch t (), nhng
trong oan nay khi no i chung vi ch Hng () e ch ten chua la Hng
Sat th co ngha ai khai at Phat thm tho, tinh khiet chang han. Neu
hieu ch sat () ngha la chua th i lien vi Quan Hng thanh Quan
Hng sat la chua Quan Hng th sau ch sat () tac gia con them ch
t () lam chi! Khong dam t tin vao kien thc cua mnh, chung toi a than
trong tra cu cac t ien Phat hoc, cung nh oc ky lai nhieu trc tac Thien
lam nhng cung cha thay co t oi sat t () nao c dung e
ch cai chua ca! Do vay quan Hng Sat t () nen hieu la: Bo
tr cho s tam tai chua Hng Sat, va toan oan tren xin e ngh dch
la: (Vua) ben sai ngi ban co giao cua s la phien than Le Hoi khuyen du
ngi en kinh o. Khi en ni bo tr s tam ngu tai chua Hng Sat, s
t hoi han tron ve.
Hn na, chi tiet sau ay cung co cho luan c cua chung toi: Ch quan
vi ngha la bo tr e thien s tam ngu tai chua khach c tac gia dung
tieu truyen thien s ao Hue nh sau: Cap ch cung Ly Anh Tong ai duyet,
quan vu Bao Thien t, ngha la: Khi s en cung Ly Anh Tong rat ep da,
bo tr ngi tam ngu tai chua Bao Thien.
Trang 131
(Tieu truyen thien s Trng Nguyen)
Nguyen van:
Hu thng ng nhan viet: Ky tai! Ky tai! Th ch chung sanh van ha
cu hu Nh Lai tr tue, ngu si me hoac.
Ban NT dch: S lai tng noi vi mon o: La thay! La thay! Tai sao
lai noi cac chung sanh eu co tr tue cua Nh Lai ma van ngu si me hoac.
Chung toi xem ky nguyen van ca hai ban TUTA va NTUTTL eu
khong thay chi tiet nao co ngha la tai sao lai noi, co le ngi dch hieu
van () la noi, ha () la tai sao. Nhng ch van ha () trong cau ch co
ngha n thuan la tai sao va ch trang thai ngac nhien cua thien s ma thoi.
Vay oan tren co ngha la: La thay! La thay! Tai sao cac chung sanh kia
eu co tr hue cua Nh Lai ma van ngu si me hoac?!. Tuy la hoi tai sao nhng
ay khong phai la mot nghi van ma ch bay to mot s ngac nhien co tnh chat
than trach hoac thng cam chung sanh co tr hue cua Nh Lai ma khong biet
dung. Trai lai, neu dch tai sao lai noi th tr thanh ham y phan van nghi
hoac tr hue Nh Lai ni chung sanh. Hai y xa nhau mot tri mot vc!

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

125

Trang 131
(Tieu truyen thien s Tnh Gii)
Nguyen van:
Nh thap luc tue anh tat () mong thien nhan tong dc, giac nhi
on chi.
Ban NT dch: Nam hai mi sau tuoi b om, chiem bao thay ngi tri
xuong cho thuoc, tnh day th khoi benh.
Ch anh tat () khong ch co ngha b om thong thng khong thoi,
ma la b bnh tram kha dan vat au kho. Nguyen van dung ch anh tat
rat ac the v no noi len tnh trang s b bnh nan y dan vat au kho nen mi
phai nh en ngi tri xuong cho thuoc va khi khoi bnh cam canh i ay
au kho ma xuat gia. Khong phai chung toi cau toan, trach b, vach la tm sau,
bi long tm vet, nhng dch b om nh tren th cha lot ta c y ngha ac
biet cua ch anh tat, va cung khong y thc c cai cam canh i ay au kho
khien s phai xuat gia sau khi het bnh.
Trang 137
(Tieu truyen thien s Tnh Gii)
Nguyen van:

Thu lai lng kh sang hung kham

Bat au tai cao oi nguyet ngam ()

Kham tieu thien gia si on khach

Vi ha tng ng d truyen tam ()
Ban NT trch ban dch bai th cua ong Ngo Tat To trong quyen Van hoc
i Ly:

Em du hi thu mat coi long

Tai th ngam choi bong trang trong
Ca thien nhng then ngi si on
e lai cau g, ngh cha thong.

Co thi s, hoc gia Ngo Tat To dch bai th nay co hi non ve ca t ly

i thng va thien ly. T oi nguyet am co mot y ngha rat thong thng
la ngam th di anh trang khong the dch qua chn chat bnh dan la
ngam choi bong trang trong c. o la dch non ve t ly i thng.
Con ve thien ly, cau Vi ha tng ng d truyen tam co ngha rat gian d la:
Tai sao lai toan em li le, ngon ng e truyen tam? thay v phai lay
tam truyen tam theo quan iem bat lap van t, giao ngoai biet truyen,
d tam truyen tam cua Thien tong. Toan bai th co y che bai, phe bnh
nhng thien khach nhan co tai cao van hoc nen thng hay mn chuyen
ngam vnh cua cac thi nhan i thng e trnh kien giai, nhng mong qua
o ma co the truyen tam an, tc ch y Thien tong. Vay toan bai th co le tam
dch nh sau:

126

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

Thu sang hi mat khoe hung kham

Tai th tam au di trang ngam
Luong then thien gia kia si on
Sao em li le e truyen tam?
Trang 139-140
(Tieu truyen thien s Giac Hai)

Nguyen van:
Tang van: Phat d chung sanh thuy tan thuy chu?.
S th ke van:

A giac n au bach ()

Bao nh tac gia thc

Nhc van Phat canh gii

Long mon tao iem ngach ()
V ch A () trong cau au ban Vnh Thnh khac rat giong ch lieu
() nen ngi dch a oc nham la lieu, roi t thay lieu giac () co ve
khong co ngha nen t ong sa lai la lieu dung () roi chu thch nham
lan nh sau: Nguyen ban in ch giac (goc, sng) khong co ngha, do ch
dung () lam thanh nen phien am nham lan, cau au bai th nh sau: Lieu
dung n au bach va dch bai th vi cau au that vo ngha:

Biet dung gai au bac

Bao ong ngi kheo biet

Neu hoi canh gii Phat

Ca rong b iem tran
Ch A () con oc la nha co ngha la xoe ra thanh hai goc. A giac ()
ch toc cac co gai con nho tuoi bui thanh hai trai ao trong nh hai cai sng.
Vay a giac n () ham y ch co con gai nho tuoi. Toan cau A giac n
au bach ch mot s vo ly ngc i la Co con gai toc con e chom ma au a
bac. Tai sao tang hoi: Phat va chung sanh ai khach, ai chu? ma thien s Giac
Hai lai tra li bang mot cau nghch ly nh the? La v, hoi nh the la hoi canh
gii cua Phat hay canh gii cua cac cao tang ac ao, hoac ai y Phat phap,
hoac ai y To s Tay lai v.v von la nhng van e bat kha t ngh, khong the
dung pham tnh ma hoi ban, cung khong the dung ngon ng van t ma ly giai
c. Cho nen trong con mat cac thien s ngo ao th ke nao toan em nhng
chuyen o hoi ban la a lam mot chuyen vien vong, h vong, vo ch ngc i
nen cac ngai thng dung mot hnh anh vo ly, mot cau noi nghch thng e
ap lai hau ngm khai th ho. Trong bai ke tren, thien s Giac Hai con noi ro
them la Bao cho bac thien tri thc trong nha hien biet, neu hoi en canh gii
Phat khong kheo lai b phat nh con ca chep vt vu mon khong c b iem
mot cham tren tran.
Cau A giac n au bach () nay thien s Giac Hai mn li
cua thien s au T ai ong (co sa lai oi ch). Quyen 15, sach Canh c
truyen ang luc (ai 51-319 ha) chep: Van: Nh ha th To s y (To s Tay lai
y)?, s viet: Di Lac mch ca tho ky x bat ac. Van: Hoa thng tru th lai
hu ha canh gii?, s viet: Quan () giac n t bach au ty (Sach cc chu:
Quan = A ). oan tren co ngha la: Hoi: The nao la y cua To at Ma t

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

127

An o sang? (tc dieu ch Thien tong). Thien s au T ai ong ap: Phat

Di Lac tm mot cho tho ky ma khong c (cung ch mot chuyen nghch ly).
Hoi: Hoa thng tru tr ni ay co canh gii g?, s ap: Co gai toc con e
chom hai trai ao ma au a bac nh t.
Vay bai th tren co le nen tam dch nh sau:

Be gai au bac ph

Bao khach thien kiet xuat

Canh gii Phat hoi ban

Long mon b iem tran
Xin noi them la oi vi cau hoi lien quan en canh gii, co khi thien s
khong dung t an y A giac n () e ch be gai ma dung thang t anh
nhi () e ch a be con nh quyen 12, sach Canh c truyen ang luc
(ai 51-295 ha): Ch Y hoa thng s van Lam Te: Nh ha th oat nhan bat
oat canh?, Lam Te viet: Xuan kh phat sinh pho a cam. Anh nhi tuy phat
bach nh ty. Ngha la buoi au, hoa thng Ch Y hoi Lam Te: The nao la
oat ngi chang oat canh?, Lam Te ap: Kh xuan phat sinh trai gam tren
at, tre con xoa toc bac nh t.
Trang 144
(Tieu truyen thien s Quang Nghiem)
Nguyen van:
an Phung nhan da, tnh Nguyen th, tao khuyet ho th (), tung
cu th Bao Nhac thu nghiep.
Ban NT dch: Thien s ho Nguyen, ngi an Phng, t nho mo coi
cha, theo hau cau la Bao Nhac.
Kinh Thi: Vo phu ha ho, vo mau ha th (,) ngha la:
Khong cha nng ai, khong me cay ai. Do o t ho th () ch ca cha lan
me. Vay khuyt ho th () la mo coi ca cha lan me.
Trang 152
(Tieu truyen c s Thong S)
Nguyen van:
Thng nhat nhat nhap that thnh ch van: Nh ha giac lieu Phat
phap?, Chieu s van: Phat phap bat kha giac, lieu th ninh giac phap. Ch
Phat nh th tu: nhat thiet phap bat kha ac.
Ban NT dch: Mot hom vao phong hoi thay: Lam the nao hieu ro Phat
phap?. Thng Chieu ap: Phat phap khong the biet ro, hieu ieu nay th
se khong can hieu phap. Ch Phat eu tu hanh nh khong co phap g e biet
ro c. Ch Phat eu nh the, tu tat ca phap eu bat kha ac.
Dch nh vay la thieu chnh xac ve van lan y thanh ra rm ra lung tung.
Trc het la cau tra li cua thien s Thng Chieu: Phat phap bat kha giac,
lieu th ninh giac phap, co ngha la: Phat phap khong the hieu ro, lieu ngo
c nguyen ly o mi goi la hieu phap. Dch: Hieu ieu nay th se khong
can hieu phap la trai ngc y s Thng Chieu. Con cau: Ch Phat nh th
tu: nhat thiet phap bat kha ac co ngha la: Ch Phat tu nh vay: tat ca phap

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Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

khong the ac. Cau nay co y tng t nh cau: D vo s ac co ac A nau

a la tam mieu tam bo e trong kinh Kim Cang. ay la mot quan iem het
sc quan trong cua Thien tong, ngi dch phai het sc ben nhay mi nam bat
c dieu y: Cac phap von tram nhien khong tch, la tat ca tng (cua y niem)
nen khong the dung ly tr vong thc e tm hieu, ngon ng van t e dien ta
hoac t duy han lng e suy lng, cho nen lieu ngo tanh bat kha ac cua tat
ca phap chnh la giao phap, la tu tap theo Phat ao vay. Trong Thien tong oi
luc cung dung t ac phap hoac trong kinh noi ac A La Han, ac Phat
v.v eu co ngha la a giac ngo ra that tanh bat kha ac cua tat ca phap, ch
khong phai la nam bat hay s hu c mot phap nao ca!
Trang 153
(Tieu truyen c s Thong S)
Nguyen van:
Hau d hoang trieu Kien Trung () t nien, Mau Ty, that nguyet
th tch.
Ban NT dch: Sau s qua i ngay thang 7 nam Mau Ty nien hieu Kien
Trung th 4 (1228) i Hoang Trieu (Tran).
Hai ch ma dch i Hoang Trieu th that nham lan qua! Hoang
trieu () khong phai ch i vua, ma la mot t thng dung trong sach v
goi ton vong vng trieu ang tr v. T nay thng at trc nien hieu
nh trng hp hoang trieu Kien Trung neu tren, hoac nh cuoi bai tieu
dan Trung san Thng s ng luc cua ty kheo Thanh Hanh in au sach
Tue Trung Thng s ng luc: Hoang trieu Thanh Thai thap ngu nien tc
Nam th 15 hoang trieu Thanh Thai ta, hoac Nam th 15 hoang trieu
Thanh Thai nha Nguyen ta. Hoac nh cuoi bai t dan Ng che khoa h cua
Nguyen Than Hien, phap danh ai Phng, in au sach Tran Thai Tong ng
che khoa h (tc Khoa h luc): Thi hoang trieu Minh Mang van van nien,
tue tai Canh Ty, thu quy, ha can, khanh h nhat, ngha la: Ngay tot ep, ha
tuan thang 10, nam Canh Ty, hoang trieu Minh Mang van van nam.
T hoang trieu dung kem vi nien hieu nh hoang trieu Kien Trung
co khi ch dung co mot ch hoang () dung kem vi trieu ai nh ta sach
Hoang Le nhat thong ch, hoac nh quyen 3, sach Canh c truyen ang luc
(ai 51-232 thng) chep: Ch hoang Tong Canh c nguyen nien, ngha la:
en nam au nien hieu Canh c hoang trieu nha Tong ta.
Vay hoang trieu Kien Trung t nien nen dch la: Nam th 4 hoang
trieu Kien Trung ta, hoac Nam th 4 hoang trieu Kien Trung nha Tran ta.
Trang 157
(Tieu truyen thien s Tc L)
Nguyen van:
Thng giai ha nhat, thiet c dac ac nhat mai nguy t (
) d tan.
Ban NT dch: Mot hom vao ngay giai ha, s bua li bat c con
ca tre (!) em en bieu thay.

Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

129

Dch nh vay v khong e y ngha cua t mai nguy t () ma t ien

T nguyen co ghi ro la ten rieng cua con chim bo coc, mot loai chim na na
nh con anh vu ma tieng keu cua no khien ngi nong dan ngh ti viec mua
li mai, li thuong e lam mua (nguy t la cay mai, cay thuong e lam
mua). Hn na, neu tinh y ngi dch cung khong the nao dch bua li bat
c con ca tre, v ro rang trong nguyen van tac gia dung t thiet c dac
ac (). Thiet c la at bay bat loai chim, loai thu, con dac () la
t ch rieng viec bay chim, con neu muon noi en li ca th ngi ta thng
dung t vong ac (). Vay ca ong t lan danh t eu chng to la bay chim
ch khong the li ca c.
Con ca tre ch Han la ho t ng () tc con ca co chom rau (ho t
la chom rau). S d goi nh the la v con ca tre co mot chom rau ni mep.
Ngoai ra con co ten khac la ng sat (), hoac thu ng ( = ) y noi
la con ca mnh trn nht nh con ca chach, ch thu la con ca chach.
Trang 159
(Tieu truyen thien s Hien Quang)
Nguyen van:
Tam d thu Hoa Dng cong chua an th, thi bang phong khi. S
van v viet: Phu! D the tuc nhang gia, tat bat mien huy nhuc.
Ban NT dch: S tng nhan le cung dng cua cong chua Hoa Dng.
Bay gi nhng li huy bang ao Phat day len nh ong, s nghe biet, t
ngh rang: Pham co quan he vi nhng ngi c the tuc ngng mo
tat khong tranh khoi b ieu tieng che bai.
Thi bang phong khi () ma dch la: Bay gi nhng li huy
bang ao Phat day len nh ong th toi cho Phat giao thi o qua! Va chung
toi cung khong biet ngi dch can c vao iem nao trong hai nguyen van cua
TUTA va NTUTTL ma cng ieu them chi tiet ao Phat vao, trong
khi ngha cua bon ch thi bang phong khi ch la nhng li huy bang
(thien s Hien Quang) noi len nh ong. Thien s Hien Quang nhan chuyen
nhan tien cua cung dng t cong chua Hoa Dng nen ban than ong b d ngh,
ch ao Phat co mac m g ma b huy bang. o la noi ve sai lam t ly, con ve
s th cong chua Hoa Dng cuoi i Tran, la thi ai ma dan chung rat sung
ao Phat, th chuyen huy bang ao Phat day len nh ong la khong the co c.
Con cau Phu! D the tuc nhang gia, tat bat mien huy nhuc co ngha la
Oi, pham ke nng cay, nh va ngi the tuc th tat nhien khong tranh khoi
chuyen b huy bang, s nhuc. Ban NT dch: Pham co quan he vi nhng
ngi c the tuc ngng mo co le muon ch cong chua Hoa Dng, la
ngi hoang toc c nhieu ngi ngng mo. S d dch nh vay la do ngi
dch phien am nham roi hieu khong ung ngha ch nhang trong nguyen van.
Ch nhang nay () nhng ng canh thong thng khac c phien am la
ngng va co ngha la ngng mo, nhng trong ng canh cau tren th no
c phien am la nhang va co ngha la nng ta, nh cay. (Han Viet t
ien cua cu Thieu Chu: Ch am la nhang, nh nhang trng la nh cay.
T nguyen: : Nh dang thiet dang van (nhang): y lai tha nhan viet nhang,
ngha la Nng ta nh va ngi khac goi la nhang).

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Tap ch Nghien cu va Phat trien, so 9 (126) . 2015

Trang 160
(Tieu truyen thien s Hien Quang)

Nguyen van:
Nhat nhat kien th gia () cung me, ngo phuc a.
Ban NT dch: Mot hom (s) thay ngi hau cua mot tn chu mang
gao len cung cho chua.
Ch th gia () ma dch la ngi hau cua mot tn chu e khong on, v
neu la ngi hau cua mot tn chu th chac phai c goi bang ong, boc hoac
no ch khong the la th gia, mot ch ch c dung e ch ngi hau cua
cac thien s. Vay th gia trong oan nay co le la ngi hau cua thien s tru
tr Phap Gii em gao thoc en cung ng cho s Hien Quang.
Nguyen van (Cung trang 160):
S t hoi van: D sinh vo ch nhan, o lao cung cap, d ch nh th.
Nai y diep, hu lng ().
Ban NT dch: S thay vay lay lam hoi ngh rang: Ta sinh ra chang co
ch g cho ai, ch lam cho moi ngi cung on vat va nen mi en noi nh the.
T o s ch an rau, mac la khong phai lo lng g na.
Y diep, hu lng () ma dch la an rau mac la th hay qua
roi. Gia ma ngi dch ng them vo may ch khong phai lo lng g ca
th hay biet may. Chung toi oan s d ngi dch them vo may ch sai nham
o la do boi roi khi thay trong nguyen van ban TUTA co chep la hu lng
() va ch lng () nay co ngha la lo lng, nen mi dch la khong
phai lo lng g na!. That ra ay la hu lng () tc khong dung lng
thc gao, me, au v.v ma ch dung rau co. Ch lng () cau nay nguyen
van TUTA khac thieu bo me () thanh lng () trong khi nguyen van
ban NTUTTL lai khac ung la ch lng (). Tuy nhien, neu tinh y han
ngi dch phai nh la t hu lng nay trc o tieu truyen thien s ai
Xa, nguyen van TUTA cung viet ung ch lng () trong cau: Thi hoac tan
phat hu lng, the ch vo ch s, ngha la: Thng s xoa toc nhn an cm,
dng ngh khong ni nao nhat nh.

(Con tiep)

LVD
TOM TAT

Bai viet neu len cac sai sot va gop y chnh sa cac sai sot ay trong cuon Thien uyen tap
anh (Anh tu vn Thien) do Ngo c Tho va Nguyen Thuy Nga dch va chu thch, Nxb Van hoc
an hanh nam 1990. Cac sai sot nay, ang tiec a khong c cac dch gia chnh sa het trong
nhng lan tai ban sau nay.
ABSTRACT
SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR THE TRANSLATION OFTHIEN UYEN TAP ANH
BY MR. NGO C THO AND MS. NGUYEN THUY NGA
The article refers to the errors in Thien uyen tap anh (Collection of Outstanding
Figures in Zen Garden) translated and annotated by Ngo c Tho and Nguyen Thuy Nga,
published by Literature Publishing House in 1990; simultaneously, it offers some suggestions
on correcting these errors which, unfortunately, have not been corrected thoroughly in
subsequentreprints.