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I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the growth in the use of electrical equipment
has resulted in more stringent international standards and
utility requirements to ensure that the line current harmonic
content of the equipment connected to the ac mains is
limited[1]. If such standards did not exist, then sensitive
electrical equipment connected to the mains would be
damaged as a result of a distorted mains voltage. Three-phase
ac-dc converters connected to the mains have the potential of
injecting current harmonics into the mains that may cause
voltage distortion. These harmonics can be significantly
reduced if the input power factor is corrected by shaping the
input current in each of the three phases so that it is sinusoidal
and in phase with the phase voltage. Due to this fact, switchmode rectifiers for power factor correction have gained
considerable attention. Other reasons for the use of power
factor corrector (PFC) rectifiers are their adaptability to
different line voltages and the fact that they pre-regulate the dc
output voltage, which may be supplying a dc-dc converter.
These rectifiers have three or more active switches. In a threephase switch-mode rectifier employs three single-phase boost
PFC circuits with direct output coupling [2][3]. This topology
uses three power switches but it has a high component count
and is not isolated.
In three-phase PFC scheme proposed uses two single-phase
PFC modules. The two-phase system is produced by means of
a 0.14pu rated autotransformer connected to the three-phase
input. However, this topology is not isolated [4].
In addition to the unity power factor, safety and robustness
are also important for medium and high power applications.
Therefore, low frequency isolation is used [5]. Isolated
rectifiers have been widely used in the electrochemical and
petrochemical industries. Since regulated output voltage is not
required, a number of methods have been proposed to lower
the harmonics generated by diode rectifier-type utility
interfaces. One approach is to use a conventional 12-pulse
converter which requires two six-pulse converters connected
through isolation transformers [6].
The three-phase rectifier based on the Scott transformer was
proposed and its practical aspects were analyzed, that provides
galvanic isolation and sine and cosine secondary voltage
waveforms to the high power factor rectifiers, resulting in a
perfectly regulate dc output voltage. In this paper, a unity
power factor three-phase rectifier with a split dc-bus based on
the Scott transformer is presented. This rectifier has a split dcbus and the voltages across the switches are Vo/2. The control
method employed to control the currents of the two boost
inductors, LT and LM, is instantaneous average current control.
Current control techniques used in this paper are PI controller,
One Cycle controller and Hysteresis controller. Each rectifier
presents an independent current loop with an individual
reference current, generating sinusoidal secondary currents in
phase with their respective secondary voltages.
978-1-4673-2043-6/12/$31.002012IEEE
TT
IT(t)
DT
IA(t)
Rectified
AC Mains
PWM
Chopper
Smooth
DC output
SMOOTHING
L
o
a
d
ST
1.5:1
VB
Signal Derived
from AC mains
Vref
IM(t)
LM
IB(t)
DM
SM
VC
L
o
a
d
TM
IC(t)
ST
Vref
Ramp
VA
TT
D
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
PI
PI
K
IT(t)
LT
DT
IA(t)
L
o
a
d
ST
1.5:1
VB
LM
IM(t)
IB(t)
DM
L
o
a
d
SM
VC
TM
IC(t)
PI
SM
Ramp
P
PI
Vref
Hysteresis Controller
This method provides instantaneous cuurrent corrective
response, good accuracy and unconditionedd stability to the
system compared to ramp comparison controllers and
predictive controllers. Besides that, this technnique is said to be
the most suitable solution for current controlleed inverters.
nge in Vref
i). System Response for sudden chan
One cycle
controller
PI controller
c
Hysteresis
controller
power
factor
THD
Poweer
facto
or
THD
Power
factor
THD
Series
Connection
0.994
1.02
%
0.997
71
4.83
%
0.9989
4.83
%
Step change
in Vref
0.995
1.02
%
0.97
79
4.96
%
0.966
4.95
%
Step change
in load
0.996
1.85
%
0.991
13
1.86
%
0.9813
1.99
%
VI. CONCLUSION
Unity power factor for isolated three-phase rectifier with a
split dc-bus, based on the Scott transformer, and with a series
connection was obtained for three different controllers. It
consists only two switches and a balanced split dc-bus. Two
standard single phase PFC modules, where each module is
rated for half of the output power, were used. The resulting
input line currents are nearly sinusoidal in shape even after
using any one of PWM current controllers i.e., One Cycle
Controller, Hysteresis Controller and Proportional Integral
Controller.
The maximum voltage across the switches is half of the
output voltage VO. This fact allows the use of switches with
lower voltage ratings, which could be implemented by power
MOSFETs instead of the traditional IGBT. This substitution
would allow the maximum frequency of operation of the
converters to be increased, consequently reducing the losses
and volume.
A common voltage control loop for both boost PFCs is
necessary to equally distribute the total power between them
when the load is balanced. A second voltage loop is used in
order to obtain a balanced split dc-bus.
The use of the Scott transformer increases the cost of the
three-phase rectifier and compromises the overall efficiency.
However, low frequency isolation is desirable in some
applications due to the robustness and safety it provides. In
these cases, this rectifier is certainly an option since it presents
unity power factor by using only two active switches and it
uses a simple and well-known control strategy. Among the
three PWM current controllers, the one cycle controller offers
superior performance compared to other controllers. So this
controller is best suitable for three phase rectifier with split dc
bus based on the Scott transformer.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]