Hồi Ký Đỗ Mậu (Thiếu Tướng VNCH)

10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vietmessenger.com
HonhLinhMu
http://vietmessenger.com/books/?action=print&title=vietnammauluaquehuongtoi&page=all&prev=22
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
MCLC
1.QungBnhQuHngnhMnh
2.VonguTranh
3.ThngTrmTrongCucChinVitPhp
4.NhngNgyCuiCngCaThcDnPhp
5.GpCngXyDngNnMngCh
6.BoiVNgnhDim
7.ChGianhTr
8.ChNghaNhnVVngCnLao
9.NhngChnhSchcTi
10.NhngThtBiTiuBiuCaCh
11.Nm1960,BtuCaSSp
12.19611962HaiNmKhnCng
13.TTrngThamNhng
14.KThTnGio
15.BinCPhtGioNm1963
16.TngMinhViMnThaHipViCng
17.CucCchMng01111963
18.BaNmXoTrn
19.ChThiu:ChDimKhngDim
20.KtLun
21.Hnh1
22.Hnh2
LIGIITHIU
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NBNINTNM2007
uXunnm2007,cbitNhXutbnVnNghtiuthhttphthnhcuicngcaHikVitNamMuLaQuHngTi,v
khngcnhtibntcphmnynatrongmttnglaign,chngti,mtnhmthnhucatcgiHonhLinhMu,linlcvigia
nhcatcgixintibntcphmnydidngint.Vcgianhtcgichpthunvimtsyucuvtcquynvbintp.
Vnidung,khngcmtthayinotrongnbnint(sovinbngiy1993)ngoitrthmmtshnhnhcatcgivPhLcE,10
BicThm,chngtithmmtlthcatngDngVnMinhvmtbivitvTngTrnhMinhThlmsngtmtsbnlchs
cnhcntrongHik.
Vhnhthc,cbathayitrongqutrnhcpnhtlitcphmny:
(a)Salicclichnhtvnhmy.Vitngslnggn750,000tcatonbtcphm,ylmtnlclintcnhngchcvncnkhim
khuytngayctrongnbnintny.
(b)Savthmccidanht(c,ng,bc,anh,...)vnhngchcv(phtngthng,thiut,gios,nhvn,...)trctnringcaccnhn
vt.Tyngcnhvbicnhcamitnhhung,chngtichnidanht/chcvnomchngtinghrngphhpnht.Mtkhc,cmts
nhidanhtvchcvkhngcnthit,thchngticngquytnhbi.
(c)Bat"Cnggio","Kitgio"v"ThinChagio"lmtvnnnkhtocsngthuntrongcchsdng.Do,ngoitrvitrng
hpcbit,trnnnkhngthigianlchsmHikchyucxydng(lchNgnhDim),chngtiquytnhthngnhthuht
cctnythnht"Cnggio"nhchnhnhnggiohuVitNam,tronggiaiancngnhkcbygi,giCnggioLaM(Roman
Catholic).
ChaildokhinchngtilyquytnhtibntcphmVitNamMuLaQuHngTinycatcgiHonhLinhMudidngint:
Thnhtlvnhucutmctiliuvchnykhngnhngkhnggimbtmthmchcngiatng.Hn40nmsaukhichNgnh
Dimblt,hn20nmsaukhitcphmnyrai,vsauhn20.000nbn(don)cphbinctronglnngoinc,giaionlch
s19541975timinNamVitNam(vnhngnhnvtlchsquanhnn)vnlticnhiungiquantmmuntmhiu.xemrt
racnhngbihcgchobygivmaisautrnquhngVitNam.
VthnhlvinhngthnhqungonmccacuccchmngTinhc,trithckhngcnbphongta,licngkhngtrthnhsnphmc
quyncamtgiaitngnona.Do,snphmtrtucncxuthindidngintddngvtmibingiithinnhin,rocn
hnhchnhvgiihntinbc,nghucthbayvokhnggiancyberspacemnvingickhpacu.
NhmThnhucatcgiHonhLinhMu,khihonthnhnbnny,chnhmpnghainhucunitrn.Vnggpphnmnhvovic
thchintmnguyncatcgictrangtriyptrongtcphmny.
HoaKThu2007
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NhmThnhutrchnhimnbnintVNMLQHT2007
LIGIITHIU
NBNTHBANM1993
TpHikchnhtrVitNamMuLaQuHngTicatcgiHonhLinhMucNhXutbnHngQunhnhlnutinvoma
thunm1986timinNamCalifornia,HoaK.
Tnnay,tcphmnyctibnmtln(1987)vinlitmln.Nhvy,bnmqubnccmtrntayhmnay(1993)caNh
XutbnVnNghllnbintpthbavllninlithchn(ThirdEdition,NinthPrinting).
lkhngkhainbnmtcgihontonkhngbitnqutrnhhnhthnhcachng.BnthnhtinticChuvokhongnm1990vi
mthnhbakhchn.VbnthnhintiVitNam,khngnhngkhcba,nidungbbinci,mngayctnschcngbthayi.lcun
TmSTngLuVongdoNhXutBnCngAnNhnDnnhnh3.200nbnvonm1991(Sxutbn117/KII90CAND).Saukhiichiu
vinguynbn,tcgichochngtibitrngnbnnybbbtgnmtphntnidung,thayimtsdanhxngvbtnhiuonnhng
nichung,phnSlunvcclunimchnhtrcang,vcnbn,vncgilignnguynvn.
nbn1991nbn1995nbn2001
Ldnhin,tcgikhngbitghtvsraicanbnny,licngkhnglinlccvhoncnhlchsvchnhtroiomcat
nc,phniviclmvaviphmtcquynvaviphmstrungthctonvncamtsnphmtrtu.
Bynmtriquaktkhinbnutinrai.
crtnhiu,qunhiulkhc,tholunvbtchinvtcphm,vnhiukhi,vtngchimmtcphmnynuln.Chonthiim
ny,vncnxuthintrnbochhingoinhngbivitcpntcphmhoctcgi.cbitc13cunschcanhngngivitng
tnhngvtrkhcnhau,nhntnhnggckhcnhau,vmangnhngtmchtkhcnhau,nhngttcutrctiphaygintiplinhntc
phmhaytcgi.
Tronglcchaingivitnuchdanhtcgitrnbasch"trcthoi"(LinhmcVnhHotvCuNghsNguynVnChc)thcngc
nhngcunosucclunmtcgivitchartro(HChMinh,NgnhDimvMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamcangHSKhu
vGiaTThcDnSLiucangChuVnTrnh).Tronglccngivitlcchnglcthunvitcgi(ngNguynTrn)thcngcngicung
cpthmnhngdkinvluncmilmmnhthmnhnglunimcatcphm(ngNguynLongThnhNam,TngNguynChnhThi,
Tng Trn Vn n, i t Trn Vn Kha, ng L Trng Vn). Li c thm n bn Vit ng (S La Di Ho Nhong) ca tc phm The Bright
ShiningLightcaNeilSheehan(1991)vnbnPhpngLesMissionnairesetLaPolitiqueColonialeFrancaiseauVietnamcangCaoHuyThun
lnutincihcYalexutbntiHoaK(1990)TtcchlmchotcphmVitNamMuLaQuHngTitrthnhmthintng
cotronglchscctcphmnghincucaVitNam.Vhnthna,chlmchochngtathyrngtcphmcpngnhngvn
cnbn,cthc,vctcngsuscnnhiungiVitNam,nchnhtnhVitNamkhngnhngchtrongqukhmcnctrongtnglai
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na.
Tronglntibnny,phngphpluncnbncatpHiklthngquaccbinclchs(mtcgisngv/hocnghincu)giithch
nhnglcnotcnglnsvnhnhcalchsnctatronghnnathkvaqua,vnkhngthayi.Nirhn,bnchtcucchinv
cclclngthamchintrnquhngtasutmychcnmtrivnctnhphidntc.Vnguynlcholmnntngslunchotcgil
phidntcththnocngphndntcvnchyxuynsuttcphm.
Tuynhin,tronglntibnthbanycmtsthayisauy:
Vhnhthc,slichnhtvnlot(nhtlccduhing)cgimthiutia.Mtsrtttnngi,tnaphngvngythngcng
ccpnhtli.cbit,sovilntrc,nbnnytuycdithmkhong15phntrm(nngtngslnhn750ngnch)nhngstrang,
theoliyucucatcgi,licrtngncn80phntrm(1089trang)nhcchdng(interlinespacing)nhhnvcch(textsize)nhli,
hutitgimgithnhnmcthpnht.
VicsdnghainhuliutinhcVNIvVenturatrnhbyschgipchonbnnyngdnghn,sngsahn,dodchnccnbn
trc.
Vnidung,mtsluncvchngliulchsmicthmvo,cbitvqutrnhdunhpCnggiovoVitNam,vnhngbnmi
trongcucCchmng11163,vcucvnngchoDnchcaPhtgiotiminTrungnm1966,vvaitrcaVaticantrongnhngngycui
cngcaminNamvonm1975...nhn,tcgitrlimtsxuyntcvngnhnvtcphm.Cngthmvotrongnbnnylmt
PhLcmigm10tiliucthmcanhngnhnchnglchsvmtshnhnhcacckhunmtquantrnghindintrongtcphm.
Nhndpny,tcgicnhchngtichuynlicmncbitncLngNhnPhngTtc,cHngThuHongTrngThc,cPhng
DuyMin,nhShcVNgChiu,TrungtngVnhLc,bcsVTNhngvGiosPhmPhXuntntnhgpsalinbnny
ctonvnhn.
NhXutBnVnNgh,khiquytnhxutbnvphthnhtcphmny,chmunxcnhnlichtrngcamnh:cungcpchocgitrong
vngoincnhngtcphmgitr,nhngcngtnhtrtucphmchtcaohunggpvogiatiVnhocadntc.
Ngoira,ringvitcphmVitNamMuLaQuHngTi,skincnhngtranhlunsinixungquanhtcphm,vtrcnhucutmc
nguynbncanhiucgitngc"nbntrongnc",chngtitthycbnphnphinlchonthnhvicxutbnvphthnhtc
phmny,vicmongcnghinchonhngngbocnquantmnvnmnhquhngmtcchnhnmivnhngvnnnmtqucta
itrvcthscnphiidintrongtnglai.
HoaK,thng9nm1993
NhXutBnVNNGH
LIMU
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HonhLinhMu lmtthikyauthngcatnc.lkhingiPhpnhndanhnnvnminhThinChagio"khaiha",
xmlngvhtncVitNamchonngynay,khingiCngSnnhndanhcchmngvsnchuynchnh
"giiphng",khngchvboqundntcVitNam.
Tisngmtgiaioncathikkhngnhngnhmtnhnchngmcnmaymncthamdtchccvomtsbinchuynvhot
ngstcnhvimtsnhnvtlchs.Trnconngbaminmsngvhotng,tichcmttmnguyn:mnovanvuichong
bo.
Nhngtmnguynkhngthnhtuvtrnquhngtiauthngvncn,nghokhvncn.Ccbcnanhcati,ngchv
bnghucaticngkhngthchinchoibocaih.Ttc,tnhngngiclngnhtnnhngngitibamlcnhtu
thtbi,dtrongcuchnhtrnhhngtrngvbithitny,khngbitbaonhiungihysinhgcng.
Quytnhvithikckhinguntmunitmnhngnguynnhnlnnht,thcnhtcacithmtrngmngynaycdntctaphi
nhnchu,dnhngnguynnhnclmolnnhngnnpsuynghimcvlmlunglaynhngnhgilchscmtsngihi
lngcngnhn.Nhngnguynnhnnyccgngtrangtrinhmtbihclchstvdo,hyvngnhnglpngiangitis
trnhcnhngvtxenghinntbaonhiutrangshinidntc.
Cunschnycchialmbaphntngqut.Phnthnhtnivthikthuvthanhnin.Phnthhai,vgiaionmuchtnhtcalch
scni:chnnmcannCngHoutincatnc.Vphncht,vhuqubithmcamtchphidntc.
Vlhikchnhtrcamtcnhnnnccskincththiustdotnhchtphctpcaccbinc,nhngchcchnlxcthc.Ccsuy
nghimcngvy,ikhichquannhnglunlunnghimchnhvchngbtnguntvkttvmtquylutcthcalchsVit:
HPHIDNTC
THTHNOCNGPHNDNTC
iunycchngnghimrrngkhisuygiitrchnhimcanhngnginmchcvlnhoVitNamtrong30nmqua.Ngithn
gihphicncmongcgpCcMc,Lninbnkiathgii,ngithmunnidibingiiHoaKtAlaskansngBnHi,ngith
onhimbngkhiHoaKngngvintr"chngCng"
Ttckhngccnbndntcnnlmkhaudntc.
Vvy,nucunschnhny,vivnphongbctrcvvbincamtngilnhgi,vitmtnhththinnhngchnthnhcamtngidn
xanc,mkhcmthmcquylutlchstronglngngic,thtcgithycvngcamnhcthtrthnhhyvngvmttng
laitisngchotnc.
Cuicngtcgimunbytlngtrinnccbcnanh,ccthnhukhuynkhch,bkhuyt,gipkinvtiliugitrrtkhtmhi
ngoi,cngnhymtrphngtinnlotvtichnhcunschnychnhthnh.
TrongphnPhLccuisch,tcgimnphptrchdnkinca100nhnvt,tchcVitNamngtrnccschbovmtsthtcc
bnghuvitring.Vicnytheothngtnhlthtlbikhngxinphptrc,nhngtinquvssnsngthathbivtcgitrmngh
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rngccsuynghimcanmvchnthnhcaquvkhngnhngchcgitrchoringcnhntcgimcnchortnhiungikhc.Bygi
cngnhmaisau.
Hingoi,TrngngnmtSu(1985)
HonhLinhMu
Chng1
QUNGBNH
QUHNGNHMNH
Trongsutqutrnhlchscnicancta,trncbamintncmcbittiminTrung,khininci"l"cchmnghayci"ni"vn
hclphininhaitnhNghAn,HTnhphaBcoNgang,vhaitnhQungNam,QungNgiphaNamoHiVn.Nhngbcho
kit ti danh ng u ngn sng cch mng hoc lm p cho nn thi vn t nc nh cc c Phan Bi Chu, Phan nh Phng, Nguyn Du,
NguynCngTruxutthntvngtNghTnhcnnhngtntuicacccPhanChuTrinh,TrnCaoVn,TrnQuCpthlivnlnt
vngtNamNgi,nicmangdanhltca"NgPhngTPhi"(nmconphngcngbay)nhkthiHinmMuTut(1898),batinsv
haiphbngtrongsmitmvchimbngvnguxutthnttnhQungNam,chonnvuaThnhThimibanchonmvtnkhoabnch
"NgPhngTPhi"vangrntnc.
NghTnhvNamNgi,dithiPhpthuc,cngchnhlvngtbtkhut,tipnitruynthngcchmngchngngoixmcachang,vng
lnikhngchnhquynbohPhpminhnhlcccucutranhcaVnThnvCnVng,lphongtrochngthuNamNgi,l
phongtroSVitNghTnh.CcngHChMinh,PhmVnngvmtscclnhtkhccangCngSnVitNam,cngxutthntl
luynthpny.
Bncnhvcdngvkhthlylngcabntnhktrn,BnhTrThinlbatnhnmgiahaingnolncaminTrung,vquennhcnhn
chnglithinnhinhkhc,livnlmcingnhchnhtronvaivscnngcchmngcabntnhtipgipnncngcumangtrongsc
sngttccihohngvoannghitcalchs.TnhQungBnh,tuylmttnhnhvchaiphngdindnslndintch,nhngnhvyli
chimavcamtvngtquhngnitingalinhnhnkit.
TiHngVng,QungBnhlmttrongmilmbcancVnLang,ctnlVitThngvithlPhongChu 1.Vltnhcc
NamtipgipvibingiiChimThnhnnsutmtthigianditrongqutrnhdngncvmnc,QungBnhlchinakhclitvdai
dng,lmphenthayngiichgiahaidntcChimVit.Chonnm1069,khivuaLThnhTngxutqunnhChimThnhbtcvua
ChCvstnhpbachuaL,MaLinh,vBChnhthQungBnh(vphntphaBctnhQungTr)mihontonthucvlnhthnc
VitNamvthucvchquyndntcVitNamchonbygi.
Tuylmttnhnh,dbdi110cys,vbngang,chhpnht,chvokhong45cys,quanhnmchnctaitri,lngdavoTrng
Snhuynb,mtnhnvbinngthtgo,tcylnkhngsith,nhngtohalinbchoQungBnhnhiudanhlamthngcnht
imchothmthanhk,mtmnhiutnhkhckhngc.LyThy,oNgang,sngLinhGiang,ngPhongNhakhngnhnglktchca
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thinnhinmcnlnhngadanhghimnhngbinchohngtronglchsncnh.
oNgangnmtrnmtrngnibtnguntdyTrngSn,vnrabinNamHinhmtbctrngthnhhngvnnclvthmrngni
nycgilHonhSn.SchprngchaNguynHongthiLMttrckhivotrnnhmngTrong,cchonginthnhcTrng
NguynBnhKhim.Cnhnthymtnkinangbtrnhngisntrcsnnh,bnniHonhsnnhtivnidungthn(niHonhmt
dy,vnidungthn).Cuchuynthucvdskhngrthch,nhngktnm1558,khichaTrnhchoNguynHongvoNamtrnnhm
chonkhinhNguynlpqucxngvngvonm1802,rikodichonnm1945,khivuaBoithoivtraoquynlichongHCh
Minh,tngcnggn400nmkcnglvnilmri.
CnhvtoNgangnhlnitaongcatrimynonnc,tccy,liciquantrgancngngythng,cCLyphamntru
phong,cnhtrvahngv,vannthdlmnglngkhchduquanmikhiiquao.VuaLThnhTn,BHuynThanhQuan,Tn
NguynKhcHiunhngthihotntuicaVitNamdngchntrnnho,nglnghoicmtrccnhvtgiaohalinhngvn
thlnglaitnhnonnc.NgiVitNamkhngmyaikhngbitbithhoicmQuaoNgangtccnhcaBHuynThanhQuan:
BctioNgangbngxt,
Ccychen,lchenhoa.
Lomkhomdinitiuvich,
Lccbnsngrmynh.
Nhncaulngconqucquc,
Thngnhmimingcigiagia.
Dngchnnglitrinonnc,
Mtmnhtnhringtavita.
CchoNgang15cysvphaNamcconsngGianhmlngsngvasulngnclivachymnh.SngGianhbtnguntnirng
TrngSnhimtr,btnixuynngntoranhiuthclmghnhvarabinng,ctitncthnhhaiminringbit.Bngangrng
lncadngsngvthchymnhlitcadngncbinsngGianhthnhmttrlcthinnhinhuchchoccnhqunsmuntoramt
thbphngvngchcvocithimvkhvccphngtinvnticngiihn.
CasngGianhncchyxit,khbccu,thuynbqualikhkhnnguyhimnndngianmivvon:
BaoginccnngNai,
SngGianhbtchymiphailinguyn.
TuycasngGianhhimtrnhngycnglilniphongcnhhutnh,nnthvitinggithilngquahngdngliuvivutrilnnhng
bn nhc du dng trm hng, vi nhng cnh bum nu tr v bn c khi bng x chiu t, vi ting sng dt do theo con nc thu triu ln
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bn nhc du dng trm hng, vi nhng cnh bum nu tr v bn c khi bng x chiu t, vi ting sng dt do theo con nc thu triu ln
xung.Khchlhnhmimtsaunhngchngngditrnconngthinl,ncasngGianhdngchnnghlitrongnhngngiqun
tranhcadnxmThanhH,phahungnsngGianh,nmmihiv,ungchnchti,ngmnhnbctranhthinto,hnglngimttrc
khitiptccuchnhtrnhngcBcxuiNam.
RisngGianh,theophngNammign30cysna,khchlhnhsgpngHi,tnhlQungBnh,cngHi,csngNhtL,c
cngBnhQuan,cclyPhNinh,cnhngtinncaLyThy,nhngditchcnstlicathiTrnhNguynphntranh.
TiptcivphaNam,bngquasngNhtL,khchlhnhstmthynhngkintrcruphongvnlvttchcaLyThy,cncgil
TrngThnhnhBc.LyThy,chinlyvngvngtngchnngrtnhiuchindchNamtincaqunchaTrnh,cxytnm1629
dosngkinchinlccavqunstibavymulccanhNguynlngoDuyT.ngvnxutthntmtgianhlmnghht
xng,cinghmxhiphongkinngyxathngkhinhbgil"xngcavloi".Thathiuthi,clcngphiinxintlngnyqualng
khcvrtnhiulnphichntruchoccnhphhilybtcmtha.Tronghoncnhkhncng,tnglailicnbchnngbibc
thnhgiaicpctc,ngvnquyttmsikinhnusmtmnhtrauditrcvsaunytrthnhmtbchintimucaochlnccha
NguynPhcNguynvccquanxemnhbcthy.
LyThydibatrmtrng,chytchnniuMu,phaTyhuynLThy,ncasngNhtLthucphQungNinh,lchinlychn
ngcnhiucuctncngcaqunngNgoi.Vthmiclitruyntng:
KhnngoanquacasngLa,
DaiccnhkhquaLyThy.
NgoinhngcnhtrnonnccnhcnhnhiutrongsschngnicadntcVit,QungBnhcncnhiuphongcnhemtho
chodnchngaphng.CchtnhlngHi17cysvphaTyNam,cngPhongNhathuchuynBTrch,mtthngcnhvcngk
v.Munvongphiibngthuyn,phicucdnngtrongngcsuincxanhmungcbch,cthchnhnhranhnhngbn
tayPht,cnhngkintrcthinnhinnhnhngtoluitrnglhuyhong,licnhngsnkhudothTrisptviphongcnhtrangtr,
okpmamaythtdimothntin.Nhnggitnctnhrixungsuinmsutronglngngtothnhnhngiunhctrmbunv
mikhincchaongpvoghnhthctingmvangnhtingchungcha.Theodnchngaphngthnhngtingchungchany
chngnlnvomRmvmmngMtmlchmthi.
TritrnvmngcnhngmmyngsctchpniTrngSntlilmchocnhvtPhongNhathmhuyno,thanhkkhinkhchdu
quantngmnhnhlcnchnBngLaiTinCnh.
CChuMnhTrinhchorngngHngSnHTylNamThinnhtng,cnhcgiThiVnKim(tngsnglunmvtngnghin
cuvaldntnhtnhQungBnhvminTrung)thlichorngPhongNhal"NhtKQuan"cancVitNam.TheongThiVnKim
thngBarton,nhchimtinhhcngiAnh,chobitngPhongNhakhngkmgngPadiraccaPhphayCuevasdelDrachMallorqueca
xTyBanNha 2.ChticrngngPhongNha,mtkquancatncquhng,mchcngiuChuthmvingnhiucnngiVit
Namchamyailuitichvgiaothngtrctr,vchintranhcnngn.
NungPhongNhatimchohuynBTrchthnhmtvnggiangsncmtthniuMuvmHcHiLThyvQungNinhli
lnithicakhthingsngnihuncnhntitnhQungBnh.NiuMucaovt,quanhnmmymbaophunon,hnhchpninhn
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lnithicakhthingsngnihuncnhntitnhQungBnh.NiuMucaovt,quanhnmmymbaophunon,hnhchpninhn
nhngibt,cnmHcHihnhthnhcinghinmcclchringchothuynbquali,phangNambaobcbinhngngctchp
chng,phaTyBccvchniTrngSnlmthnhquch.CnhvtuMuvHcHitrnggingnhngibtvanghinchonntin
nhnmigiuMuvibt,HcHivinghin,lmbiutngchonnvnhctnhQungBnh.QuanhuMuvHcHicnhiung,nhiu
hangthingling,thnbkhc,cbitlngChnLinhctinnhncangilchnonguynhgii,ngitrntckhngnnluiti:ng
mnvtathc,tckhchbttnglai3.
QungBnh,quhngti,cnrtnhiusnk,thyt.Clvtohacbitnthngnbchomtvngtvnkhngcuiv
mtkinhtnhccvngkhccatnc,ligpqunhiuaukhvchnctaitri,vchinhchintrinmintheodcchiudilchs.Trong
thixaxa,QungBnhlintiplbichintrngcahaiqucgiaChimVitninhL,QungBnhlimchmtrongcanquavcuc
phntranhcahainhTrnhNguyn.TrongthiPhpthuc,vngTuynHophaTyQungBnhlchinkhucavuaHmNghi,vngthungn
sngGianhtrthnhchinagianghaqunCnvngvqunivinchinhcathcdn,giangiLngchngPhpvngiGiotheo
Php.ThichintranhPhpVit,19451954,vngBcQungBnhlbingiicahaiphelmchin,nhiutrngiaophongclitxyranivng
tintuyncahaibn.ThichintranhNamBcQucCng(19541975)QungBnhltuynucaquniminBc,csdngnhmtcn
ctinphngvinhimvtnhbo,tntrqunnhu,quncvlxutphtimcanhngchindchxmnhphaytncngqunimin
Nam,nntvdnQungBnhphihngchunhiutrnmabomhihng,bttncakhngqunMVit.
ngbxathngningikhncakh.CunipdngngchotrnghpnhndnQungBnh.DnQungBnhnghokh,dnQung
Bnhgptaingtrinmin,nhngngiQungBnhlithngminh,khphch,cantrngvnhtldmsngchtcholtng.
TuyQungBnhkhngcnhngnhnvtnitingvvnhcvcchmngnhccdanhsNghTnhvNamNgi,nhngsngitkhoa
giplirtnhiu,cbitltihaiphQungTrchvQungNinh.QungTrchcbnixvnhclSN(LSn),H(LaH),CNH(Cnh
Dng),TH(ThNga).QungNinhcbnixlVN(VnLa),V(VX),C(CLiu),KIM(KimNi).Tncatmxgplithnhhaiv
camtcuilSnHCnhThiviVnVCKim,emlidanhdchodnchngQungBnh.NgoihaiphQungTrchvQung
Ninh,huynLThycnglmtquhngcnhiunhntikhoahon,nhiutins,phbng.SchiNamNhtThngChchobittinh
LchoninhNguyn,QungBnhcrtnhiungitvlmquanphcvchodn,choncmtonlnhngnginitingvkh
tit,c,limchnh,tinng,mulc.CnhngnhnvtcccangilPhtsng,lBTt,cnhngnhnvtvnvvnton,c
nhngngiamutctrcsosnhviKhngMinh,viLuBn,nhngnhntiiHn,iMinhbnTrungQuc.Cnhngngichxut
thnthngstt,nhtithaolc,nhdngkh,cantrnglmnnnThng,QunCng.QungBnhtnhnh,ngithamlicnhiuv
khoa gip, ti c, hc hnh ton vn c nhiu i Vua mi vo cung gi chc "Ph o", lm thy dy hc cho cc HongT, Hong nh
NguynngTun,NgnhGii,VXunCn,NguynHmNinh.CnginhNguynTKnhlmqunschovuaLnhuigicTu,nh
LTrc,NguynPhmTunlnhonghaqunCnVng,phvuaHmNghinhPhp.CnginhNguynHmNinh(bntrikcaCaoB
Qut)nangcngdanhkhngmuntiptcvolnraci,ciotquanvnhsngcucithanhbn.LicnginhtinsPhmPhi
Diutrimkhngmnglidanh,chmunsngcucindtvuivinonnc,ccychnthndbnhn:
BngchiudngNgmaibchtuyt,
TmlaohubTho,Huynnhn.
munnilthirichmunbidngtmhnchotrngnhtuyt,choschnhmai,khngnhclnglmkvitkinhHuyn,kinhTho4.
nthicni,khinngiodcTyphngtheochnqunxmlngtrnvobcinhbttngcrnngiodcNhoHnvthayvoy
10/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nthicni,khinngiodcTyphngtheochnqunxmlngtrnvobcinhbttngcrnngiodcNhoHnvthayvoy
bngmtnngiodcgilTyhcthQungBnh,trongcnchuyningtngho,cngsnxutracnhngnhnvttingtmlylngnh
ginghNgnhchnghn,ginghcngilmnTngcThngThdithibohPhp,cngilmnTngthng,Tnggim
mcdithinhhngM.Cngtrongthikny,khichintranhbaophnonsngvbaonhiungiconyucatqucuchnbinhnghip
lmlsngthQungBnhcngcngilmnitnghayBtrngnhngVNguynGipchnghn,toranhngchincnghinhch
trongqunsncnh.QungBnhcngcnnmtrongbphniqunchngcungcpchodntcnhngnghsbitrungngvithin
nhinvthii,nhngkthutgiabitvndngnnglcsngtokhcphckhkhn.
Lttrangsc,tathyQungBnhquthtlquhngalinhnhnkit,vngtvnchthp,nghonnmnisnglihngv,phongcnhli
hutnh,snxutkhngbitbaonhiulvnti,vtng,hokit,trngphu,timvngsoncholchsncnh.Nhngrinhcnhn
dydncvn,ncctun,ngiathk20,chnhnhngngicondnQungBnhlilnhngngichtrnggycnhhuynhtng
tn,chintranhsut30nmtri,quhngnixngsngmu,mtiubiurrngnhtlhainhnvtNgnhDimvVNguynGip.
nghalchschthccacucchintranhnhnbngconmtca50triungidnVitvtnnmtrongdngsinhmnhgn5000nm
ngtngncatqucVitNamthchlmtcucchinhuynhtngtn.Vdcnhndanhbtkmtchnghano(CngsnhayTbn),d
cbinminhbngmtnguynyno(GiiphnghayTdo),thrrngchnhmuxngcangiVitra,chnhngiVitnygitngi
VitkiakhngbngstnhtovtdocamtconngiVitbnhthngmcvngvcucsngththtlgind.NgiVitkhngpht
kinranhnghthcmuthunnhau,licngkhngphtminhranhngvkhtiuditnhau.itmngungclchssuxacacuc
chinQucCnglphiixahnnavochiudicalchs,ktlcngngidphngTyquiccunvotnclmbttungcycth
vnhacadntc,cycthcvuntrngbiQucTHngVng,vctibngmucabitbaoanhhnglitntridign5000
nmvnhin,vcycthmtthixanhttvngchibngtlnhkhmtcannTamgiongnguyn.
Nm1558,khiNguynHongcphpanhrlTrnhKimvoNamtrnnhm,ngraimangtheocimngtrthchochaanhvcichmu
bvng,anhhngmtci.nglpnnnghipChangTrong,mmangbcintnChuc,HTin,xydngmtgiangsnring
bitquytchnguvichaTrnhphngBc.TVitNambchiaibngdngsngGianhcatnhQungBnhvdntcVitNam
phichuhaihthngcaitr.TtnhincucNamBcphntranhphixyragiahaihTrnhNguyn,vihquttyulcucnichingia
NguynGiaLongvNguynTySn,kodichonnm1802khiGiaLongthngnhttncmichmdt.Tronggiaionny,tiNam
QuanchonmiCMau,dntcVitphignhchucnhctnhctngtntrn200nmtri.
GiaLongchmdt200nmnichinvthngnhtsnhphnlnnhvoscmnhcavkhTyphngquasvnngcaccgiosKit
gio.Chonnnichinchmdtri,snhthngnhtrimdntavnchachngthibnhanlcvccgiosKitgio,khinVitNam,
khngphichcmtmcchraogingtinmngcaThinChamcncmtmcchxmthcvnhana.Mcchxmthcnyphhp
hontonvimcchchimtginhdncachnhquynthcdnPhpcuktvinhautrthnhmtchiubimhgil"nhimvkhai
ha"(missioncivilisatrice).
ChonnPhongkinkhngtnracCngsntrongtrnghpnctamchnhThcdnraCngsn.Vsauny,cngchnhhai
snphmnycannvnminhTyphnglThcdnvCngsnthithcdntarivocnhhuynhtngtn.
Vvy,bthnhthaychodntcVit,ng25nmtrccucNamtincaNguynHong,vonm1533thivuaLTrangTn,ccgiosKit
gioTyphngingbinlnvonctagingo.NuhotngcaccgiosTyphngchcttruyngiomthi,nhThin
sTNiaLuChinHngnm580truynboPhtchnghn,thclkhngccihuqu30nmchintranhQucCng1945
1975sauny.Khnnihlidngvictruyngio,toarpvicclclngThcdnvqucphngTy,muthntnhVitNam.Khng
nhnghlmolncngthngol,tptcctruyncannvnhadntc,mhcngycmthchiargiangiVitvingi
11/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhnghlmolncngthngol,tptcctruyncannvnhadntc,mhcngycmthchiargiangiVitvingi
Vit,hxydngmtoqunth5bnxlmiqunmaiphcangdnlichoquniPhpsauny.ykhngphilmtbitlcho
trnghpVitNammlmtchnhschtoncucaoCnggioLaMcTothnhVaticanthchinmtcchhiuqunmcgio
hongJohnPaulIIngynayphiinhntivxinlikhpnitNamMnPhiChu.
DithichaNguynnh,gimmcPigneaudeBhainecngviHongtCnh,contraiulngcaNguynnh,nPhpbkinvuaLouis
16xinvintrvkhipcVersailles,hipcutinbnncVitNamchoPhp.HipcVersaillestuykhngcpdng,nhngt
vnh,PigneaudeBhaine,ccgiosvccsquanhiung,nhiuthamvngcaPhpkhaithcchithchinmmuthntnh
VitNam.Vinhngmuenti,vinhngthonxoquyt,hthcycchnhphPhpemqunxmchimVitNam,tnn
hgnsut100nmtri.
TrongtcphmnghinculchsnitingVitNamPhpThucS(inlitiMgny),giosPhanKhoangaranhngsliurtrrng
vvaitrcaccgiosKitgio.
"NivncPhpthsaucucchintranhbynm,mtnhiuthuca,nchcnnmnithngph,vymunkhiphcthlc
ng,ngiPhpphigngkimthmtaibnnymic.
MtgiosPhpstmchicanthipvoncVitNamvtvinutinchocucxmnhpncmnh"(trang32).
vcngtrongcunS,ngivochititrhn:
"Nhng ngi xng u tin cuc chinh phc nc Nam l my s quan hi qun ca hm i Php bin Trung Quc nh cc ng Ccille,
Rocquemaurel,Fourichon,JaursMaisonNeuve,myidinngoigiaoknhauTolnhsPhpMacaonhccngForthRouen,DeCourcy,
BourboulonccngynhiulnnghvichnhphemquncanthipncNam.
NhnghotnghnghihnclmchochnhphPhpquytnhlccGios,nhtlgiosHuc,GimmcRetord,GiosLiboisvGim
mcPellerin.
Gio s Huc trc dng vua Napolon III mt k hoch thnh lp mt cng ty lo vic chinh phc v khai thc cc x Cao Ly, Nng,
Madagascarnm1857lidngmtbcthnhcliPhpNamhipc1857vscnthitphithitlpgpmtcncncNam.Chnhlth
ylmchochnhphvuaNapolonIIIquytnhtmtybanNghinCuvnNcNam(CommissiondelaCochinchine),trongyban
y,GiosHuctbykin.Saukhidngbcthkia,GiosHuccvuavindinyt,vGioslmchovuatintnglinimnh.
GimmcPellerinthtrongccnm1851,1855xinchnhphPhpgipccgios,giongbbcivgithi.Nhtathy,nm
1856,GimmclnnNng,gpthuyntrngtuCapricieuse.
Nhn,GimmccdcucthngthuytcaMontignyvccquanta,rivPhpbyttrccngchngnhngcnhtngbithmmGio
hincNamphitriqua.GimmccratrcybanNcNam,cdinytvuaNapolonIIInhiulnvdnglnvuahaitiutrn
di."(trang115117)
HaitiutrnmuchotuchinsngnPhpxmlngncta.
TuynhinmmuxmchimVitNamthtractthigiosAlexandredeRhodesktkhingtanVitNam(1624),nghalhn200nm
12/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TuynhinmmuxmchimVitNamthtractthigiosAlexandredeRhodesktkhingtanVitNam(1624),nghalhn200nm
trc.
nhsngcasthtcngngycngcchiurivohsmttrongccvnkhcaHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpvchophpccsgia
xcnhmmuthntnhVitNamcaThinChagiovnctthiCoAlexandredeRhodeschkhngphidithiPigneaudeBhainev
Nguynnh,nhmtsngichachunghincukvnbnhmln.
AlexandredeRhodesnVitNamnm1624vvnhvinriVitNamnm1645.ThigianVitNamngvitrtnhiuschgipngiuChu
tmhiutnhhnhchnhtr,ahnh,avt,sngni,snphm,tinguyn,v.vcaxVitNam.ngcnghonbcngtrnhcaccGiosB
oNhatrc,davochLatinhmchrachQucng,trchtlchogiodndhcKinhthnhvddnggiaothipvinhngtha
saingoiquc.NhiulnngbchaTrnhuii,nhngtoMn,nm1640ngtmcchtrliVitNamhotngchonnm1645:
Nm,cptrnbongtrvuchuxinvintrvtchtvtuynngitruyngiomi.ngnLaMnm1649nglcTothnhctch
ri vic truyn gio ti chu ra khi quyn hnh th tc ca B o Nha. ng trnh by trc Hip HiTruyn Gio "CongrgationsPropaganda
Fide",khochthitlptiVitNammtgioonthotkhisbotrcaBoNha.cGiohonghnhnhtipnhn.VtusdngTnx
Avignonclachntrongmcch,AlexandredeRhodesbnquayvPhp.
ngvit:"TitinrngPhp,vlncngoanonhtthgii,scungcpchotinhiubinhsichinhphctonthphngng.Cngnh
tisccchcnhiuGimmcvnlccChavccThycachngtatrongnhth.TiriLaMngy1191652vinh."
VParis,AlexandredeRhodesgpmtnhmlinhmctrlinquyttmbinvicotonythnhsvringcaPhp(affaireFrancaise).l
thikchnhtrPhpbtuchunhhngsthuhtcabinc.cHonghuPhpvmtnhnvtcaocpngh,khochbBoNha
tncngmnhm,hvindnsbotrhontonmnm1493GiohongAlexandreBorgiagiaochoh.AlexandredeRhodeschtnm1660
khichathyckhochcamnhthchin,nhngcgngcangthnhtu.Nm1658LaMbnhimhaividinTngTongi
Php l Francois Pallu (16261684) v Lambert De la Motte (16371693) i din trc tip Gio hong Lch S ca Hi ny (HiTruyn Gio Hi
NgoiPhp)sgnlinchtchvilchschimngcaPhptiVitNam(LaSocitdesMissionsEtrangresfutalorscredontlhistoireallait
treintimementlieaveccelledelimplantationfrancaiseauVietnam).(XemoThinChavChnghaThcdntiVitNam,lunntinsca
CaoHuyThun,bnVitvntrang47,48,bnPhpvntrang9,10).
GiosshcJosephButtingertrongVietnamaPoliticalHistory(trang63,64)cngcnhngnhnnhnhcatinsCaoHuyThun,ctm
dchranhdiy:
CngcucphttrinoThinChatingDngtrthnhcngtccbitcamttchcPhpcgilHiTruynGioHiNgoi(Society
ofForeignMission)thnhlpnm1664tiParis.TchcnyisonghnhviCngtyngnPhpdoccgiosParis,Rouenthnhlp.ngvit:
"Cctchcsonghnh"thngmitngio"mmttrangskhqunchonnthcdnTyphng(Amemorablechapterinthehistoryof
Western Colonialism) c thnh lp vo khong 1650. Ngi Php m mt trung tm thng mi Php Vit H Ni nhng nhng ngi c ng
trongtrungtmlnhnggioscitrangthnhthngnhnngiPhp.Cvidchvtraoihnghanhngmcchchnhlchey
cngtcbmtnhmtchcngicio(Sometradewasmadebutitservedmainlyasacoverforclandestineproselytizing).
"PalluvDelaMottecgngtiptccngviccaRhodesbdmcdbccchnhphngtrongvngngoicmgiosngoiquc
xmnhpvoVitNam.Hchinubngscitrangthnhthngnhnlochuynthngmi,nhngkhiccdchvthngmibnhtrth
sphncahliphituthucvoshotngtngiotiVitNam.("VietnamaPoliticalHistory",JosephButtingertrang64)
13/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
sphncahliphituthucvoshotngtngiotiVitNam.("VietnamaPoliticalHistory",JosephButtingertrang64)
Buttingercnvit:
"cbitPallulmtnhkhochchnhtr,thngixahnccchthcacptrn.Cthgingtalngisngchmthcthucatrong
nglichnhtrtiParisviphngsch"ri"(accomplishedfacts).NgoinhngcngvicthchintiChutrongkhunkhcaHi
truynGiomithnhlp,FrancoisPallucnlovictiPhp,hptcvichnhphkhuchtrngnhhngPhptiVinng.
NhvychnhAlexandredeRhodeslngiutinmthmhotngchomuthcdnPhpvlrvonm1649khicytkinGio
Hong.Tuynhin,muchathnhhnhthngcht,snghipthcdncangtacgiosPallutipni.
Cn ngYoshiharuTsuboi, gio s i hc ng Kinh xut thn t i hc Paris, trong cun "LEmpire Vietnamien Face la France et la Chine"
(trang3157)vitnhsau:
"SauhtngitatholundidngvnhngnguynnhncascanthipvxmchimthucacaPhptiVitNam,tcginythnhn
mnhvonhngnguynnhnchnhtr,tcgikhclichtinhngnguynnhnkinht.
Phnchngti,chngtimuntptrungschvonhngngiPhptnglmvictiVitNam,quavcncvoqutrnhtruynthng
nhngtintcvmimtclinquannVitNamavPhp.LmthnochonirnhngngunthngtintngthcbchchnhphPhp
phi can thip vo Vit Nam v chim ly nc ny lm thuc a (de mettre en vidence les sources de renseignements qui ont dtermins
linterventiondesgouvernementsFrancaisauVietnametlacolonisationdecepays).Rtli,timunaramyyuttrlimtcuhingin
songquantrng:TisaokhngphiAnhCtLi,HaLan,BoNha,TyBanNhamchcmtmnhncPhp"gnb"viVitNam?Vmt
khctisaokhngphiPhiLutTn,TriuTin,NhtBn,XimLamchcncVitNambPhpgnb?"
CutrlicavgiosNhtBnl:
"Trongcngcuc"Phcmha"ncVitNamcmttchcvnmgiosngiPhpgimtvaitrquantrng:HiThaSaiParisvcc
giosAlexandredeRhodes,FrancoisPallu,PigneaudeBhaine,FrancoisMariePellerinvPaulFrancoisPuginier".
NhvyltkhinVitNamnm1624,AlexandredeRhodesnghincutnhhnhchnhtr,kinht,adncVitNam,hunluynvtchc
nhngtpontnThinChagiobnxtrungthnhviTothnhVaticanritrvuchunm1645vquanm1646trnhbykhoch
PhcmhaVitNamviGioHongvtrnhbykhochthntnhVitNamvichnhphPhp.
Nitmli,mmuthntnhVitNamdoccgiossptt1649(nukhngmunnilt1624)chkhngphitkhiccucgpglch
sgiaNguynnhvPigneaudeBhainenm1776(hay1777)nhnhiungivtnhhaycbpmostht.
Tuynhin,dntcVitNamvnhohngbtkhut,vnctruynthngchngngoixmnhmttruynthngdngncvginc,tngba
lnchinthngqunMngC,thinochulmthnnlchongoibang.Do,tngyPhptcnnh,truynthngkhngchng
ngoixmbnglnvnhngcucnidychngilintcxyratBcchNamthhinquyttmnhuigicPhp.
NhngcucnidylcuchdongiVitlnhonhphongtroVnThn,CnVng,nhVitNamQuangPhcHi,nhngnthng
bnthk20thchnghaMcLmthmlenlivoVitNam,chonntnhngcucnidychngqucPhplicthmlclngca
phongtroCngSnquctna.
14/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phongtroCngSnquctna.
Trc,trongphongtroCnVngyuncchngPhp(18851898),NhogiovPhtgiolhailclngymtrchyu.Giitngslin
ktviccnhostrungquniqucphtngnhiucucutranhchngPhpvtaysaibnx.inhnhlvtngsVTrlinktvinhos
TrnCaoVnthchincuckhinghaPhYn(1898)mPhpvbntaysaigil"gicthycha".minBcctngsVngQuc
Chnhtchc"HiTrngCh"thitlpmtmnglitchctrongccngichatNghAntiBcNinhdyngmtphongtronhndnchng
quniPhpvchngvnhoPhpminNam,nhiutchckhngPhpnhcctchcNghaHo,ThinaHi,NhnHang,kt
hplngyuncvimuschungtnngngPhtgioquacccsqunchngcaPhtgioHaHovCaoilintcchnggicPhp
xmlng5.
aunthay,tronglccclclngcannTamgiotiptchysinhutranhchonncLpncnhthkhiCnggiovnclmtaysaicho
ThcdnPhp.Bi"HihcangboThinChagio"(xemtcphm"HiHnhm"caToannhvlinhnxtcatpchnhSngDn
Tcs2thng11nm1989)ctrchngvophnPhLccunschnychngminhmtcchhnghnvicngiCnggioVitNamvnc
mchtchnngiPhp,vncoincPhplMuqucvvnvinhdanhclinhmcTrnLc(PhtDim),klmtaysaiclcchoquni
PhptrongcucxmlngVitNam,cbitlcngvi5000giodngipPhptritphchinkhuBanhcaanhhnginhCngTrng.
Trongkhungcnhtnclcbygi,vthhinrrngtrongisngthnqucngnhththnh,trongchnhquyncngnhngoi
qunchng,balungthcinghchnhaunhncvila,nhmvingy,chiphitonbsinhhotqucgiaVitNamlthcdntcnhn
bncannTamgio,thccthncaKitgio,vthcduyvtcachnghaMcL.Thih,nhngmuthunthcdihnhthivn
hochxyrangmngmgiabathnhphndnchngnhngchannikhclitvlclngCnggioVitNamvncnnmcuth
tuytinhcbmyquynlccathcdnchechbov.
NhngcuctranhchpcabalungthcbngbcphtmnhlitvtrthnhmtcucsngmitayisauNhThChinkhithlcthcdn
qucbtusuyyuvkhinnmngcannTamGiobtulunglay.
Thtvy,trongcucchintranhngDngthnht(19451954),CngSnkimsotviungkhngchintrongphongtroVitMinh,hho
tondnchngxmlngginhclpchoncnhvtrthnhmtlclngqunchngln.CnthcdnPhpthmnchiubichngCng
chedummutichimVitNambngcchdavomtchtchnhdanhcahvtriunhnhNguynvmtchtchnhnghathuthun
cahuhtgiodnVitNamcngtrthnhmtlclng(chnhquyn)ln.RingPhtgiovnhngibphnkhccadntc,thkhng
thdacvongoibang,lckhngkttcthnhscmnh,nhnmtrongcnhtrnedibavchuynabnthcvnhhng
vonngthnvilnghoivngvmtngythnhcngcakhngchinVitNam.
Chonnm1954,khicVitMinhvPhpukitqutrnchaimtqunslnchnhtrsautrnnhtilngchoinBinPhvsaugn
minmquntho,thPhpmuncuhortkhingDnggiiquytnitnhbnghoicannTCngHa,ngthicngcvng
nhhngtiBcPhicnVitMinhthtrcplccaNgaSvTrungCng,vvnhucunnhbidngthclc,bnthahipvinhau
quaHipcGenve.tnclihaiphnchiacch,ngidnlihaiminlybitvhipcnytraominBcchoCngSnqunl,cnmin
NamthtmthivnthucquynngiqucgiachngCngtronglcchihaimintngtuyncthngnhttnctheoquinhcaHip
c.
Tronglc,HoaKcchnhring,hkhngkvobnHipnhvthsnlbiNgnhDimdoHngySpellmanvCnggioquc
tbom,lbivnckhaisinhvnuidngtiMtcuinm1950.MdnglbiNgnhDimnhyvominNamtrongthit
lpmttinntingNamhuchnngsbnhtrngcaCngSnquct.Vvy,cucchintranhQucCnglitidintrntnc
15/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lpmttinntingNamhuchnngsbnhtrngcaCngSnquct.Vvy,cucchintranhQucCnglitidintrntnc
VitNam,chthayoikpchomtvtungcmthi!(XemthmTheLifeandTimesofFrancisCardinalSpellman,trang238n245)
PhnucacucchintranhngDngthhainylmtcucchincchaiphelmchintvchomtbnchtthchmmtbn
lthcMcLduyvt,vmtbnlthcKitgiocthn.NghalmtbndongCngSnVitNamvinhnglnhtMcxtnhHCh
Minh,VNguynGiplnhotiminBc,mtbndomtgianhCnggiocangNgnhDim,TngGimMcNgnhThcvng
CnLaogmhuhtlngicoCnggiocaitrminNam.
PhtgioVitNam,lclngiastrongcngngqucgia,tsaukhitncbchiai,nhnthcrvaitrpocaCngSntrong
mttrnVitMinh,bnbhnchtrngthnVitMinhtrckianhhuhtccngphiqucgiakhc.NhngbthnhchoPhtgio,mun
trnhvdalipphivda,vminNamlibcaitrbigianhngDimvngCnLaoCnggio,vnchtrngtiuditccngphi
qucgia,kth,khngbvnpcctngiotrongcPhtgio.Bktgiahaikinghch,Phtgiophichungthngkhnhcnhsut
gn9nmtridichctiCnggiotrNgnhDim.Chon1963,tnhtrngkhngthchungcna,linhnvngNgnh
DimralnhhcPhtgionhndplPhtn,Phtt,dislnhocaGiohiPhtgio,bucphivnglnutranhihibnhng
tngio,ihitdohnhonhbnCnggio,muchomtcucvnngcchmngdntc.CucutranhcaPhtgiolcucu
tranhbtbongvhplngdnnnmangmttmvcrnglnvcsnghcaasnhndncattccctnh,thminNam.
CuctranhchpcngkhaicangiVitNamtrcychchaiphelmtrn,naylicthmphethbalPhtgio.Cuctranhchpthch
nytnayclnhobibalthuytchnhtrrrt:lthuytcctcaCngSnquct,lthuytcchucaKitgioquctvlthuyt
trungdungcaPhtgiodntc.Thtra,nuanhemngDimbittquynlitqucvdntctrnquynlicaCnggioLaM,nung
Dimtcoimnhmangtrchnhimcamtvnguynthqucgiahnltrchnhimcamttngvbittosonktgiangiqucgia,th
trnchintranhVitNamchltrnchintranhgiaphednchtdovipheCngSncti,vhaitngiolntiVitNamcthhiho
sngchungcngraogingtbi,bci.BthnhchominNam,gianhngDim,vdochcangta,lilkthakchthccaba
thilnnht:thiphongkinquanlicathiNguynMt,thihnhocamtnnTngNhonlcsuytnvsumnht,thictn
gioiucamtgiohiCnggioVitNamanglnncaoimnhskhaisinhvnuidngcathcdnPhpthn100nmvnhs
thanhncaThinChagioquct(VaticanvM)nhscmnhchngCngcnhtVitNam.ChonnngDimvgianhcangcng
iconng"Cnggioha"minNamnhcccotrc.Vth,huqukhclitnvigianhngvviminNamsauny.
Nhni,nhmnhtrtruaydnglchscadntcnmtgiaiontranhchpgiabaxuhngttngchnhtrbclnkchthc
vnhatrongsutnhngnmgiaongcahaithpnin50v60.Baxuhngnyvachmvonhauvnbngthnhnhngcnlcchnhtrv
clnhobibanhnvtcngmtququnQungBnh.lngVNguynGipqulngAnX,ngNgnhDimqulngiPhongv
ThngToThchTrQuangqulngDimin.
LngAnXcchlngiPhonghaiconsuinhvmtcnhnglyli,cnlngDiminthnmchchhnmtbnvcchuhailngny
khong20cys.Banhnvttrny,tinittrlnchlnhngdnghkhrchomthuchngbndnnghodt.nithnph
ngDimlngNgnhKh,nhtheoccchacvchnhquynbohPhpmiclmquan.ngVNghim,thnphngVNguynGip
chvnlnticchccuphmlchcthpnhttronghthngquanliNamtriu,vphthncaThngTaThchTrQuangthmivo
nhngnmucathk20mibtunnnlmra.
TrongkhungcnhcamtvngtkhnkhvdntnhnghoinhtnhQungBnh,40nmvtrc,caingbaabmmtchoivo
buibnhminhcathkth20licthtrnnnhngnhnvtlylnglmchaonghinglchsvlmstsidntc.Caingmtcumt
sinhtrngtrongmtgianhquanlicamtchphongkinmcntlitrnnTngthngcamtqucgia,dnidungthcslg,thhnh
thccnglcamtchCngHaDnChkiuTyphngcaingmtchsadiutrnovunglitrnnlinhhncamtphongtro
16/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thccnglcamtchCngHaDnChkiuTyphngcaingmtchsadiutrnovunglitrnnlinhhncamtphongtro
tngioqunchngln"lmrungchuynncM"vithamvngthchincucTngHpvnhahagiidntcvcaingmtcuhc
trovichntamycha,b,ctronglngqucamtncthucalitrnnmtnhnvtqunslylng,cmchnvnhbic
haibmychintranhhinicaPhpriM.
BanhnvttingtmcatQungBnhnghokhnhngllng,mingicthamvngring,cquynthring,chuthunringvd
nhincchngringtrongchiudilchsnctacngnhtrongchiusucalngdntcta.Hcldochnginhauvtiuditnhau
vchngha,vltng,vcquyn,cliphenghayvbtcmtci"v"nokhc,cnkvitthcngxutthntvngtcylnsix
xc,nnhnhnhcngcnhmnhanbikhngthtrthnhmtkngbndnglchs,bngquanvlclng,mlibcunht
vocncungphongcathii,nnulinhvicbanhnvtnymcbitllinhkhngkhtvingNgnhDimtnhngngyu
tinkhicnlmttrongnhngcnbtinphongvnngctcacitchcmimanhnhacangta.Nhngrisausut22nmtrikt1942,
chiasvinhaunhnggiyphtvinhquangvkhnkhcabaocucthngtrmvinhnhc,trthnhchinhutrungkinvctcncatchc(v
saunycach),cuicngkvitlitrthnhmtnhnvttrngyutrongcngcucltvchmdtchcangDimvonm1963
choltngbanucamnhvnlltngkeosnvidntc,chochuynmnhcamnhgnbvichuynmnhcathii.
nlidvng,vbygivocitthcthnhnlimtcchsngsutvtdohnchuibinccalchstncktkhilngidTy
phngcunthivoquhngtridithnhgntrmnmhPhpvhn30nmchintranhQucCng,licdplngikinhxaschc
vmluncngnhngngibnhinthygiicngthh,kvitlichquanthythmthahnvcithuyt"VThng"caoPhtvci
thuyt"LS"caoNho,tchpnhnnhlnhnsinhquankhongtvgiithotcachnhmnh.
TrongcunNhoGio,hcgiTrnTrngKimsgiiciTngHpcnthitchosngNguynhuyndiucaTamGionctakhing
vit:
CmtiutannchlcittngcaNhoGioiTngclmchphngphttngngviLoGiovPhtGio."S"lciuynnguyn
caNhoGiodoKinhDchmra,mKinhDchlschbnvLHc,chungcbnLolnbnNho.DchHcchociucavtrdo"ng,Tnh"
m bin thnh m Dng ri sinh ra vn vt, vn vt chung quy li tr thnhThi Cc. l ci l "ng quy nhi th , Nht tr nhi bch l" ca
KhngTnitrongHt.LThiCcybnLoGiogilO,bnPhtGiogilBHUTATATHATAdanhhiutuykhcnhngcngng
mtth.Bicilngchonncchcthuytyutheomtchngha"Thinavnvtnhtth".Songmihcthuytiramtnglvcch
lpgiovshnhokhcnhau.
nimylictrinkhaivlgiirrnghnvhinihnquaLVnSiutrongcun"VitNamVnMinhSCng",quaNguynng
Thctrongcun"TTngVitNam"vquaPhmVnDiuvinhngtiliuginghuntiihcVnKhoaSiGnv.v
ClchnhciquannimVthngvLs,tuybngbcvichnghntrongdnd,nhtlcidndtuytiasvtuytinghokh
canctatonnscmnhcadntc.Ciscmnhgipdntavnkincngtrcstnbocathinnhinvcaqunth,cisc
mnhgipdntakhoandungvnhnnghatrcnhngbcbovhnthcaisng.
VclchnhnhcnuidngvlnlntrongdngsuivnhangphngvnmangtnhchtTnghpvHngni,kvitmicm
nhnvthnghiucqualngknhcahaithuytVthngcanhPhtvLscanhNho,nhngthmcnhnghitngvbobtvcnh
ngcacVHinNguynHuBi,vcbitcagianhngNgnhDimmkvitsghilitrongtpschny,nhngnhnvtvgianh
ivngtc,bngmtphtnhmnh,tngiabisniichuclyoncu.
VnhaTyphng,mbygiconemtaanghpth,dlTyphngtbnhayTyphngCngSn,vncctnhphntchvhng
17/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VnhaTyphng,mbygiconemtaanghpth,dlTyphngtbnhayTyphngCngSn,vncctnhphntchvhng
ngoi,thkhmcmnhnvgiithchcnhnghintngnhnsinhny,licngkhmhiubitvchpnhncquannimVthngv
Lscangphng,dgny,trcbtcnhnvncaconngivbnbvcthmcamtcucchintranhhchtmkhclit,c
nhiunlctmvphngngtmcutrlichocuckhnghongnhnvntoncu.
Nhng n lc khng nhng c th hin ni cc nghin cu ca cc nh x hi hc v trit giaTy phng nh Paul Mus (ThousandArmed
Kannon,AMysteryOrAProblem,1964),JohnBlofeld(BodhiSatvaOfCompassion,1978),FredericJ.Strend(UnderstandReligiousMan,1969)m
cnnibtrrnghnniccnhkhoahctnhin,vnlthnhphnrngctvcuicaxhiTyphngthunlvthunkthut.
acontraitcakvit,trongthigianhcvvtlkhnggianctngchokvitcun"TheTaoofPhysics"cagioskhoahcgiaFritjofCapra
mkvittrchdnmtvionsauychngminhrngxuhngtmvngunsuitrithcnhnbncangphngcnglccngmnh
mnixhicthn,duylvduyvtny.
JuliusRobertOppenheimer(chabomnguyntHoaK)tcgicun"ScienceandtheCommonUnderstanding"chorng:
Nhngkhinimtngqutvshiubitcaconngi,cbiuhinbngnhngkhmphtrongngnhvtlnguynt,khngphilnhng
khinimcbnchtxal,mimhaychabaogicnhcn.Ngayctrongnnvnhacachngta,nhngkhinimnytngcmt
lchsvngvng.TronghthngttngcaPhtgiovngio,nhngkhinimnycngimtavrngctvquantrnghnna,
emnchochngtamttmgngsngnoitheo,mtnimkhchltinhthnvskintoncanntritlngphngsngsut6.
WernerHeisenberg(trongtcphm"PhysicandPhylosophy"trang202)chorng:
MtnggplnlaocaNhtBntcuiThchinth2cholthuytvtllchothymtstngquannogianhngttngtritl
catruynthngvnhaVinngvchttritltronglthuytvtlttng.7
NielsBohr,bchcgiaanMch,giithngNobel,(tcgicun"AtomicPhysicsandHumanKnowledge")chorng:
CcttnggiatnmcthnhcngnhPhtThchCahayLoTtngphiidinvinhngkhkhnkhitachahphaith
ng(valkhngivaldinvin)catatrongvkchvicakipnhnsinh.Cthtamicthsosnhcvibihcrttatlthuyt
cangnhvtlnguynt.8
TtcquannimcFritjofCapra,tcgicunsch,tngktlitrongmtnhnnhchcnchrng:
VitrithcphngTy,mnlunlvssuylunlunlunlnhngphngtinchnhphtbiuttngtritl,kctheoBertrandRussel,
nhngttngthuclnhvctngio.Ngcli,ivingphnghuynb,aicngvnhiucrngsthtcthhinmtcchsuxa
hnkhnngdintcangnngbnhthng:ccnhhintritngphngkhngengigmkhngvtqushplvnhngquan
nimthngthng.Tinghrngylldochnhkhinchonhngmumccangphnggydngcmtnntngtritlkthpvi
nnvtlngynayhnlnhngmumccatritlTyphng.9
Tuynhin,nhngnghincuvhiubitcakvit,dntkinhxaschc,haytchlutbnhinthygiivnkhngphilvchal
nhngkinthcxydngthnhquannimnhnsinhcakvit,nunhngkinthclthuytkhngcichiuvinhngkinhnghim
thctcachnhcucsngktngyngivitcnlmtatrnghokhtrongmtgianhthanhbncatQungBnhxxc,kinhquabao
lnxungcacucivtrinitrongthngtrmcanhnthchonnay,vocituithttun,sngxavicqunmhnthvngvnqu
18/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lnxungcacucivtrinitrongthngtrmcanhnthchonnay,vocituithttun,sngxavicqunmhnthvngvnqu
xa.
Chnhnhngkinhnghimthctxngmu,nhngmhivncmt,nhngvinhquangvtinhc,nhngthhnvlng,nhngphn
trcvnhni,nhngtnimvtnhthclnhngxctnlmchokvittintnghnvotnhcchvthngcacucivnhngvn
ngccucalschokipnhnsinh.ChnhtrongcinhnVthngcaoPhtvcinhnLscaoNhomngivitstrang
trilitrnnhngtranggiysaumtphncucicamnhclinhvicucicangNgnhDimvcatnc.
Nhngthiustvsailmnucldokinthcchathcthmsuhocdokcbtuphainhtchnhtnhkhngphtxuttthinkingio
iuhocctmmunbpmostht.Nhngcmxcvnhnnhmngicthythpthongtrnnhngtrangschlnhngcmxcv
nhnnhchquanvringt,nhngclnhvymschnthnhvtrungthc.
Nhngthiustvsailm,xincccbccaominhchgiovbkhuyt.Cnnhngcmxcvnhnnh,nucnggpcgchomtci
nhnlchsngnvchnhxchnvmtgiaiontrunchuyncadntcthxinctraogichothhVitNamtnglai,thhmtrn
chaimintnccngnhbygitrongvngoinc,nhngphntrcvlalc,nhnggiandivngytolmlunglaynimtincah
voconngi,volchsvcvodntc.
o0o
TivnqulngThNga,phQungTrch,tnhQungBnh,vngcadanhlBan,vtngcghivosschdntcvnixy
ranhiutrnchingiaqunPhpxmlngvqunCnVngkhngchin.QutinmtrntngnsngLinhGiang,tcgilsngGianh,cch
phaNamoNgang25cys,nimngaytcuiiHngVngchonthincnhbPhphlintiplvngchina.Qutivnl
vngncmnngchua,hngnmthngbtaitrichnc,libchintranhlinminxyrannqutingholm.TnNguynKhcHiu,
nhnmtchuynNamdu,khingangquay,thydnchngaphngqunghokhphitliththan:
XehitioNgang
yquaHTnhngsangQungBnh
Danhsngpkhchhutnh
oNgangihilmnhvita.
Dngxelnnhtatrng
Mtngoibinncbntrongnirng.
19/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nhtomtrngbnng,
Xaxambcnvngthpcao.
Dcngdnchngbitbao,
Rungtnhhuinhrotrnma.
RngTincnghtxa,
Baminmmibygigpnhau.
Nhnxemoviqunnu,
Gitraigitrmtmukhnghai,
Vnminhrybnkhai,
MycnhynhiHngVng
Qutinghondnchngbnmachbnqunnuovi,vchtrnhngngyTt,L,cncm,cnthphitrnkhoaimnvi
mmcraumungsutnm.NhnghnhnhTohaclutthatr:btdnchngingho,cckhthblihccitittho,thngminh.
Qutituynghonhnglilmtixnitingvvnhc,buitintriukhoagiprtng.LngThNgacatilmttrongtmlngcatnh
QungBnhcnhiungit,nhiungilmquan,vcngnitingvcnhiuvkhoabnglmquannachngriciotquanvlng
sngcnhanbnlco.
ClvlngticnhiunhNho,nhiubcsphuvntrngnnTamGiochonndnlngtikhngmtaicio,mcduphtivgnvicn
cqunsPhpnncnhiulngtheooCnggiohn.VclvthmnhunsumttngKhngMnh,mangkhtit,danhdkscho
nnmtthituyrtgnnhiunlnhTyvbbaovybinhnglngtheooCnggiomvonhngnm1885,1886phnngdnlng
tiutheonghaqunCnVngdiquynlnhocavanhhngLTrc.ngbinlngtithnhmttinntrctipiuviqun
Php,chechchochinkhucaVuaHmNghitrongrnggiThanhLng,vnggipgiihaitnhHTnhvQungBnh.
Nitcachngticngtngtheoinghinbt,theongkhoadanhnhhikcachutiliyTh,squantyvincaTng
ThngDim 10trnhbynhngvthithlonly,ngbnschmtheovickimcungvtrthnhvintngtinphongchovlnhtCn
VnglcLTrc.NitchngtibtncngbilnhPhp,lnho,cgiosTortuyauxtngHiralmkchngnnbthttrn,gic
Phpgitkhngtonxcvnmthyxungsngmttch.Thhcangchythotcvbochogianh.Saunyconchuhchngti
philpnthchongtinnhntitlit.Cngsauny,conchuhchngtiphilpncuc,hingihnphchsiulc,vtvng
phngnoconchuxybialngchn"mnhdu,ugo"vlpnthchongtinnhntitlit.Khicln,Nitchngtichobitng
bmcmubiphnnnbqunTysthi.ngvittrnmmgotrngmtbithdi,ttmsvcnhngcamnh,lithvcngono
20/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
bmcmubiphnnnbqunTysthi.ngvittrnmmgotrngmtbithdi,ttmsvcnhngcamnh,lithvcngono
thngtm.ConchuchngtihcthuclngmikhicngkcngtnglntheotingmhichungnhtngkinhtrcbnthPht.Bith
nychnhlchcthcchmngutinchotisaunylnlnbityunc,yudn,vbittheolphigignkhtit:
"PhttLinHoanhnmckin,
TngnhLthothnantm.
Gmcucithmnhbntrim,
Nhnthskhncmcnlngc.
Vthutrcbihngkhnglnlc,
Thcunhnglchinthi.
CngvamaynhlngBui,
Nnmingvnglainicqun.
Naygpbuiphonghavthun,
Xtphmtrntrcntinnhn.
Vymuavuidotcungn,
Mnbtngcphtrngstch:
Nhthutrctintriuninlch,
Buithiuthichthchcaongi,
ChnvnchngcaThnhtraugii,
ngvbtheoicungkim.
Chnhngtngngkhoabtim,
Trtihoaotchimcngdanh,
Ainguduynphnmngmanh,
Trongphtchctantnhsnghip.
21/611
10/28/2016
Trongphtchctantnhsnghip.
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ycngbiqutintnhnghahip,
Haxuinnthnkipbitlytrn.
Hnmnhmanggnhnngqunn,
Mkhninnnchabop,
Thvigivimadp,
Mngngnthuchnlptmhntrung.
Ktybnbvyvng,
Chothachanhhngkhittit.
cThngoithngngitunkit,
ScphongchoTrungLitHinNhnThn,
DiHonhNamilikimtun,
TheoLiuChatythnhugi.
Naygphithanhnthth
Mnbtolctthnhchng,
Vnrngy"Tthcng",
emtmsphtrngtr.
Ailkemlngngngm,
Xtntmbobtr,
Bngnhainxith,
Cngthykthintriphmc.
Kalnglngtrngsoivngvc,
22/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Kalnglngtrngsoivngvc,
Cnhtunhoncchcgu,
Xanhkiavnitrnu
Khuynnginomangcutitnh.
Kiptrny,kipphsinh!"
TheotinhthnbiththngNitivhysinhchochnhnghadntcnncThngphongsclmThnvctheoBChaLiuHnhi
kimtunvngphaNamniHonhSn(oNgang).TheogiosNguynngThcthbChaLiuHnhlvtinchaidinchonguynl
"Mu"cngnhcThnhTrn(TrnHngo)idinchonguynl"Ph".BChaLiuHnhtngtrngchostrongtrng,skhnngoan,
hinthocanginbnncdnchngVitNamtnthnhQucMu,cnthSngSn(BcVit)vcvuachacctriui
phongsc.TrongdngianccuthngtmgiCha,thngbagiM,ChalcThnhTrn,MlTinChaLiuHnh.11
VNitchngtilmtvthnlinhnndnlngbotrchoconchulpnthqulnghngnmXunThunhkcngnlmlcngk.
Khitncbchiaivonm1954,hchngtidicvoNhaTrang,lilpnthtrongkhunvinnginhanhruttilngTonm
nhiubnbcagianhchngtiNhaTrangtngnchimngng.
NivqunCnVngquti,sgiaTrnTrngKimvit:
VuaHmNghibygiphinnpvnghuynTuynHacccconcaTnThtThuytlTnThtmvTnThtThipcngvicL
TrcvcnhnNguynPhmTunhtscgignvemquninhphmnQungBnhvHTnh.
ThngGingnmBnhTut(1886),trungtMignotemqunBcKvoNghAnrichialmhaio.MtodothiutPelletiertheosngNgn
SuvomnTuynHa,mtothtrungtMignottemquningquanlvogithnhHTnhrivongsngGianh.
HulisaitrungtMetznigeremmttonqunratipngcco.QunPhpngchn(Ban)vMinhCmritrungtMetzniger
emngCTortuyauxilmhngolnlynV.ThqunPhptinlnmnhlm,qunCnVngchngkhngni,phitanra.
QunPhptriuccoqunvchnggiQungKh(casngGianh),Rn,Banmthi.QunCnVngthyqunPhprtilitr
vngnc.
NgiPhpcngbitlthlccangvuaHmNghichngclbaonhiu,cttmngmchimdnath,bivychonnkhngdng
nibinh.
Trc,iyMouteauxQungBnhcngvingcTyTortuyauxemquninhlyncaLTrcThanhThy,nhngquncang
yvnkhngtan,cnhphmi.iyMoutauxbitngLTrclngicnghakhchonniyvnctrnglm,athdngvu
th.ngLTrctrli:"Tivvuavncchtsngcngmtlng,khngthamsngmqunvicngha."
TkhiqunPhpngnMinhCn,ngLTrcramnHTnh,ngNguynPhmTunvngphaNamsngGianh,ngbtrngn,sng
23/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TkhiqunPhpngnMinhCn,ngLTrcramnHTnh,ngNguynPhmTunvngphaNamsngGianh,ngbtrngn,sng
cmyngythcht,quncangbvyribbtc.12
TheophthntivccbctntrngtronglngklithsaukhiNitbsthi,qunCnVngtanr,lnhocacccTyvdncclng
CnggiokcnnhnSa,DinHa,DinPhc,HngPhng,nbaovylngti,githichngtrmngi,tphnhcha,miuv.
NhngaitngiqualngtiuthydctheobsngGianhhngmytrmnmmvch,ngnngangnhgng,lnhngngimca
dnlngchtvthamdquniCnVnghayvbdncclngtheooCnggiosthi.Vnsinhsngnivngtqungho,saucuc
khngPhp,dnlngtivnnghokhlicngnghokh,giantrunhn.
VngthungnsngGianhlniqunPhpngnhiunbtkhihnhchimQungBnhchonnvngnyctrnhaimilngtheo
oCnggioGiophnnycctiuchngvinlngHngPhng,quhngcalinhmcNguynPhng,tcgicun"TheParadeof
AmericanPuppet",cunschsuytnTngThngDimanhminhvhnhcmtsttnglnhtrongquniltngta.
ThikkhngPhp(19461954),trongkhittccclngkhctheotingginonsngthamgiakhngchinthcclngtheooCnggiohai
bnbsngGianhurolng,xychicanhtnguynthnhlpnhngiPartisansphlcchoiqunvinchinhPhp,binvngnythnh
mtdytinnchoqunPhpantonngngHi,hngvLinkhuTcaVitMinh.LinhmcNguynPhngtngldnvtrongi
qunPartisanscalngHngPhngtrckhingvoHutiptchchnh.CnlinhmcCaoVnLun,nguynvintrngviniHcHu
dichNgnhDim,tHNivotivngnymtthigiantrckhivoHuxinthhinPhanVnGiodyhctrngtrunghcKhi
nh.KhiquniPhprtbdytinnvngthungnsngGianhthhuhtthanhninnhnglngtheooCnggiocngshirttheo.
PhnngnhngthanhninnygianhpvobiVitBinhonminTrungritrthnhquniqucgiadichQuctrngBoi.
Sauny,phnngsbinhsctuynchnvoLonLinbinhPhngvphTngThng,hcngDimcbitlutmuivh
thucthnhphntrungkinnhtivingTngthngngiQungBnhmony.
Snggiathilylon,mchach,bconphnngbgicPhpcmthaysthi,ncnhthmtchquyn,chati,mtnhosnghonnch
cnbitkodicucibtcch.Tiraigiakhungcnhtnc,trongmtgiacnhthanhbnvgiamtlngqubnlyncng.
Mtivlaotmlaolc,mtnnghaisnglmlngccnhcnuichngvmtnconngo,mnhmangtrngbnhlithiutinthuc
thang,nnbtgiciikhitivalnbntui,blichacontivithmcnhgtrngnuicon.Tuynhin,quamyi,ginghconchu
utheoitnhiukinhs,chonnkhitilnnm,chaticngcchotitheohcchHntrngngTgnnh.Chonkhilnchnthti
cgilntrngPhhcchQucngvchPhp.Thigiantheobctiuhc,tikhngcnhngphtmmcatuihctrthu,li
cngkhngcnhngmngmhnnhincatuintrng,mcmihnlphiichntru,ngynghlphirangmtla,okhoai
hayxungsngmtmbtckimthmmingnchogianh.Saukhitiuhc,tinhbngangshcvthibygimunvotrunghcth
phivoHu,phitntinn,tinnhtr,tinschvoqun,tinxeciv.Vigiacnhbnhnmngaycmimingni,mimanho
rchulktqunhcnhncamhivncmtcatongianh,chatibitlygchucpchotitheouivichchnhmtnkm
hngthngcngphin6ngbc,mtstinlngitr6,7chcngnthi1970.
Maymnthay,khitivatiuhcthcbchvnbittnhhamhccatibntHuvlng,xinchatichotivoHutiptcvichc
hnh.Chngctilmtnglivhu,cmtnginhvnrngvinhiucyntrichCng,concithnhgiathtvuilm
vicchochnhphcctnhxa.Ctiemtiv,vagiptitiptcvichchnh,vacthmachuchocnhnhbtphnqunhqu.Ti
theohctrngtrunghctthcHcHm,ngynghvnhgipcdngtinhc,ticy,quttccanh,vntc.citui15,ng
lticthvcchomnhdlvinvngnhngcmcaoxavnhnghoibotoln,nhngnhnlihoncnhgianhvtrongbi
cnhcamtquhngrchnttangthng,tichaocchcht4nm,lymnhbngThnhChungxinvongchthktaS,ngch
trgiohayngchthaphiNamtriunhcmcahuhtthanhninngholcbygi,khngiukinhclntti.Nhngclvns
24/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trgiohayngchthaphiNamtriunhcmcahuhtthanhninngholcbygi,khngiukinhclntti.Nhngclvns
ginghnhtichacmphtvvnhc,nnspbcvonmth4thctiquai.Dngti,phnthtuigi,phnththiunginitr,
nnchothunginhitheoconlmytPhanThit,vkhngthtiptclmmnhthngqungiptinhcna,tinhphidangd
vichchnh,trligicmgindvtinghipchonhtrngtrlilngxa.
VnngHi,tivotykimhcnpnxinmtchcgiovinshcthccKimhcTrnKinh,thnphcagiosTrnV,thu
nhnvolmgiovinshccamtlngtrongPhvislnghngthngl12ngdongnschhngtnhith.
TrongkhivichccatidangdnhvythngibnchuquncatilanhPhanXng,vncngtuivcnghcvititrngPh,limay
mnctiptchcchonkhibngThnhChungrithivongchthktoS.TinhcnanhPhanXng,ngibntrikcati,vsau
ny,quabaonhiubincithaycathicuc,anhvititrnnhaingchtrntrngchnhtrktnm1948,khichngticngtchcchot
ngchotchccangDimdlcbygingDimmichlmtchnhkhchtrmchnithi.
Tidyhccmtnm,xtthynghgiovintrnglngvislngquthp,vakhngnuithnvakhnggipcgchogianh,
nnnhncmyngibncnghctrckiatrngPhrnhaugianhpquni,tibnnhnlitheoh.Tithchiqunngmtphnv
lngbngcaohn,tnglaibomhn,cththngquantinchcvphnkhc,vlqunnhnthsbittcchin,ccnhiubnng
ng,hpvisthchhiungcati.Hnna,vymiliuquantrngnht,khigianhpqunitisvactinnuithnlivactin
gipchagimingythmginuabnhhon.
ThiPhpthuc,bnNamtriu,cnhngngchlnhringnhlnhL,lnhGin,lnhHThnh,lnhKhVng,cnbnBoHclnhChnhquy,tc
llnhKh,lovicchngngoixmvlnhBoAntcllnhKhXanh(GardeIndochinoise)lovictrantrongnc.ThtratithchilnhKh
hnvngheniilnhyscdpxutngoi,sciTy,bitcnhngchntrixalchothachgiangh,nhngvngitimyu
khngcnlnglmmtngilnhchnhquynntingvongchlnhKhXanhcBoAnHTnh.
TrongnhbinhthiPhpthuc,nhngqunnhnctrnhtrunghcnhtiulmvicvnphng,khiphilmtpdchnngn.nnm
thsu,tiihclphsquanticLungHu,niotohsquanchotonthxTrungk.Saunmthnghctp,thimnkhati
unncngiPhpgililmhunluynvinchocclphsquantiptheo.TicngHVnT(cuThiutngQuniVitNamCng
Ha)dyymynmtrng.HinnaytihingoicrtnhiungitnghclphsquanHudochngtilmhunluynvin.Di
thiVitNamCngHahginhngchcvtrngyutrongqunihaycccquanchnhquyn,chnghnnhitPhngNgcTrng,
GimcnhaQunnhuQunonI,cuitLKhngtnglTnhtrngQungNamvTngGimcBoAn,ngLKimntnglnhn
vincaocpngnhCngAnCnhStQucGia,vnvn(Banhnvttrnhinhingoi).Nm1942,nmdylphsquantiHu,tiva
ng25tui.
Nhnlihaimilmnmcathikutintrongcuci,25nmngmngnutcaycamtatrmcim,lnlntronglytrelngxxc
camtlngquxcx,25nmnnmngxydngnnctcchvnhnphmcamnhsauny,tisungsngvhnhdincsinhra
trongkhungcnhcamtnngthnnghonn,camtgianhnhophongkhtit.Chnhnhngmhinhcnhnratrnrunglacnci,sau
ny,dychotibihcvgitrcalaongchnhnhngmbutgimmanhchiukhngchethn,sauny,dychotibihcv
chngbtcng,chngcti.Vcngchnhnhngntnhcaxmlnggiatcdychotivnhnngha,vlnglngvbaodung.Cho
nnnhngthcticacuci,nhngkinhnghimsngthtcabnthn,hnttcnhngbihctrng,hnttcnhngschvm
tinghincu,milhnhtrangqugivthnthngnhtgiptixngphavoivimtlngtmtrongsutvvimtcontimtrny
nhithuyt.
Haimilmnmutincacucilicnglkhongthigianmtimmtnhn,lngtainghekipsngytngcamtdntcbtr.
25/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Haimilmnmutincacucilicnglkhongthigianmtimmtnhn,lngtainghekipsngytngcamtdntcbtr.
Kipsngm"theooCha,lmchoTy"thtnhmngcantonvcmoctmtt,kipsngmskhkhngmuaclongo,tit
nghakhngicltdu!
Cnhnhkhnkhcathilylonkhintidangdvichclnvoismhnnhngthanhninkhc.Nhngdangdvichcmti
khngnhnvcmangnhngnhcnhncamnhraphnnobohiuchochagilnvoismmtikhngxtxavchnhcuci
tiluynchkhvnhncchchomnhvocithikcntrongtrngnht,cnchahlyvolthuyttrutngvgioiu.Chonnsauny,
trcbaonghchcnhcacuci,tivnhoinimv25nmutincamnh,tivnhoinimvchagigtrngnuicon,tivnhoi
nimvlngThNgatiuiunhlnhngnnglctuytvigiptivtthotlntrnmigingbo.
Nhngvothiimcanhngnmucathpnin40,nhngcm,nhngcaovng,nhngrungcmcatimichlnhngcmtm
thngvtinghipcamtngidntinghipvtmthng.Nghalphichinthngsnghokhchochnhgianhmnh,cnnhngc
Lp,nhngiQuc,nhngKhngChin,nhngChngXmLngulnhngtinggimhvxal.
Tinhngtngcucicatinhthlcanbi,slnlntronglngquniPhp,vthclmmtcngcchochthcdnvhi
lngvinhngmbokinhtcamtngidnbtrchonngynhmmt.
Nhngnhmnhaynmtivonhngchuynmnhlnlaocalchsnhbaonhiungitraitrcathhtrongmtcmayhim
hoicaingi,tibngtnhvtheoinhnghotngcchmngvonhngngymtnhhnhthgiiangcngthngmmnchothchin
thhai.
1 TrnTrngKim,VitNamSlc,tr.12,13.
2 ThiVnKim,tVitTriNam,tr.322,326.
3 NhXutBnKhoaHc,iNamNhtThngCh,tr.26.
4 NhXutBnKhoaHc,iNamNhtThngCh,tr.60.
5 LKhiVit,HaiNgnNmVitNamvPhtGio,tr.255,256.
6 Fritjof,Capra,TheTaoofPhysics,tr.4.
10 LTHng,NhtKTh,tr.154.
11 NguynngThc,TTngVN,tr.90.
12 TrnTrngKim,VitNamSlc,tr.325,326.
Chng2
VONGUTRANH
26/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trongnhngnmutincanhthchin,chaibinngxyrangoincVitNamnhnglicbitlinhchtchnvnmnhncta
volc.LinhchtchvhaibinngnyxyratronghaiqucgiavchohaidntctngxmchimvtnnhtrnlnhthVit
Nam.
Bincthnhtxyravongy19thng6nm1940,khigtgiystcaqunicQucXgimntvahthBaltinvochimin
ElysevbtukhngchncPhpbngmtchqunqunst,chmdtuythvquynlccaChnhphPhpkhngnhngtrnlnh
thPhpqucmcnlmsuyyuthclcvtinhthncaccbmychnhtrqunsticcncthuca.
BincthhaixyratiTrungHoavounm1940khiNhtBn,khiubngcucbLCuKiuvonm1937,iungonqun
tinhnhuvinhngvkhhininhtancclquncaThngchTngGiiThch,trnxungminNamHoa,chimhaitnhQungngv
QungTy,vchunbkhochtnchimngDnghonthnhccmtxchchinlccakschalchnhtr"ing".
KtquhtngvnhpnhngcahaibincchnngtnhhnhchnhtrtiVitNamvybChhuyQunscaNhtBnnquyt
nhtyuschichnhquyncaPhptingDngphichmdtgiaothngviTrungHoavginhquynthitlpmtlclngkim
sotvicthcthiquytnhnyticngHiPhng.LcbygiDecouxvamithayCatrouxtrongnhimvTonquynngDngvcChnh
phPhp,trongcnngtngholngtngcachnhnitnhmuquc,ynhimtonquynchhuyquns,chnhtrgivngbnong
Dng.
BanuDecouxnhtquytchngiquytnhcaNhtBnnnngy22thng9nm1940,ngyqunNhttQungngphihphalc
mnhmcalcqunvonquncgiithntcxuaqunnhtanmtscncquantrngtibingiivtnchimLngSn(vnlbCh
huytrungngcaPhp,phtrchtuynphngngVitBc)vbtPhpphinhngb.QunNhtkhngnhngngangnhinngqunti
nhiuaimchinthutsutrongvngngbngmcnsdngnghaxa,cchicng,ccphitrngvmuacaosu,go,nhinliu
cngnhiusnphmaphngcnthitvigircungngchonhucuqunnhuvvnticaqunivinchinhNht(mngtipliuxa
chnhqucgn10ngncyscnglccngkhkhn).Ngcli,NhtBntntrngtcchvquynhnhcaitrcaPhptingDngcng
nhtcchvquynhnhcavuaBoitiTrungK.
Trongbincny,vnhnghahnchnhtrvymtrvkhcaNhtBn,mtlclngPhcqucqundochsTrnTrungLpchhuygip
quniNhtBntncngcncLngSnvchimngthnhphny.aunthay,saukhicPhpnhngb,Nhtphnbilclng
VitNamnyvtraolitonbnvphcqucqunchongiPhpnhmtiukintrongthahipNhtPhp.ChsTrnTrungLphysinhv
huhtphcqucqunVitNamkbthnh,ngibtchungthn,chmtstliumnhvtthotcquaTrungHoa.1
Song song vi vic thit lp nhng c s qun s v nm cht tnh hnh an ninh ti ng Dng, Nht Bn vn khn ngoan duy tr h thng hnh
chnhvhdanhcabmybohPhpcthgichunbchocucutranhchnhtrtngqunchngquacquanphnginKempeitai,
quatboTnxutbnbngtingVitnhmtuyntruynchngPhp,caochngha"ngcanging",hhoncVitNam"c
lptrongkhithnhvnging".HtchccclphcNhtngnhmchunbmtlclngcnbhnhchnhbnx,htuynmmts
thanhninVitNamvoiHinbinhvthngngncah,vcbithngmngmtuyntruynchostrvttyucaKNgoiHuCng
,lcbygiangluvongtrntNht.
KNgoiHuCngnguynlchuchtncaMngNguynPhcanmngnylivnltrngnamcaHongtCnh.Quytnh
xutdngvnngchngPhpcaHongthnCnglvatrnncvatrthnh.Trnnclnhimvchungcaton
dntatronggiaionbngoithuc,dgiaitngnotrongxhi,dngvtrnotronglngdntc,ngoitrmtthiuscthhng
27/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cquynclicaPhpvlinhmuthtvinhngnhchgioquynvthquyntimuquc.KNgoiHuCnglHongthnquc
thchvalilngithttmyunc,yudnnnvicngxthntranhuliuhinnhin.TrthnhlvsaukhivuaGiaLongbngh,chi
hthucHongtCnhvbogiatin,nhcmPhtgio,licnbgimmcPigneaudeBhainexidctheoCnggioLaMquahnh
ngimbiphnlntngPht,nnkhngcHongphingchoninghipcha 2mlichovuaMinhMng,mtvvuathngminh,
cngnghvchngPhptrongtinhthnqucgiaccoanningi.3ChihHongtCnhbbimhxungthnhhngthdnvphisngkh
nhcchonnm1848micvuaTcgianphchilitcvvbanchomtstinphcpnhnhoi.4
HongthnCngxutdngquaNht,cngvicPhanBiChuhotngchngPhpdnhclpnhmquangphctncvcc
PhantnlmMinhchtrongtchcCchMngVitNamQuangPhcHidocthnhlp.HaingicontraicacHongthnlngTrngLitv
ngTrngCliqunhtrongcnhnghokh,khngainngta,libngiPhpgykhkhnnnkhngtinthnc.ngTrngLit
sauclmthkcngnhtphngVnkhtaKhmsHu,cnngTrngCthidymttrngtiuhcnhtiTrungphn,trong
chnhschmuachuccangiPhp.
Lcbygi,thchinthhaiangcaoimthnglicapheTrccNht.Qunicahnhtancclclngkhngyutvthiu
chunbcakhingminh.VmttrnngDng,vbmyBohbginonvimuquc,libhmdabilclngqunshnghu
caNht,trthnhmtchithuntinchonhngngiVitmunutranhginhclpchoncnh.
Maxunnm1941,saugn30nmbitx,ngNguynTtThnh,tcChnThu,tcBa,tcNguyniQuc,citrangthnhmtphngvin
TrungHoa,theongbvtquabingiiHoaVitvcngviccngPhmVnngvVNguynGipxydngmtcncaanton,
thnhlp"VitNamcLpngMinh"vichtrngnhPhpuiNht.TihangPcP,ngNguynTtThnhitnthnhHChMinh 5,
chnhthcphtngcucchintranhgiiphngdntc,ngthibnhtrngchnghaCngSntiVitNam,mmnchohaicucchintranh
ngDngmmusauny.TrongkhithhuhtcccnhntchcthucphequcgialitmcchhptcviquniNhtvihyvngs
cngviNhtBnltPhptingDngdnhclpchoVitNam,mtnnclpthcshayngaycmtnnclptrongkhii
ng.
Lcbygi,theokhuynhhngny,iminBccnhngnhnvtnhnhboVnhDy,bcsNguynxunCh,bcsLTon,cTrn
TrngKim,cDngBTrc,hocnhmtbphnngiVitcangTrngTAnh,ngDnChnhcangNguynTngTam...Cn
min Nam th c nhng c nhn ni bt nh nh boTrn Vn n, ng Nguyn Vn Sm, hoc khi Cao i, lc lng Ha Ho... Ring ti min
Trung,KNgoiHuCngtNhtgithvHunhnhcchmngHunhThcKhnglmidinchoNgilinlcvtholunvingi
Nht,nhngcHunhlyldotuigiscyutchiliyucunyvcnhngicontrngcaKNgoiHulngTrngLitvitthcho
chacngNgnhDimthaythC.
iunglul5nmsau,nm1946,cHunhlinhnlicangHChMinhmnhnchcvBtrngBNivtiHNimcd,lc
bygi,ctuigiscyuhnnhiu.ChaildogiithchhaiquytnhcvmuthunnytrongihotngcacHunh.
ThnhtlctchiliyucucaKNgoiHuCngvlptrngqucgiaqukhchcac.KhcvingibnthnlcPhanBiChu,
cHunhkhngtintngvoshptcchnthnhcangiNhtniringvngingoiqucnichung.Chnhvlptrngqukhchm
nm1946,ngHChMinhthuytphcvlikoccvilcdntcchngxmlng.
VthhailckhngchtrngutranhchngPhpchomtncVitNamtheothchqunchlphintrongtnglainhngDimmphi
lmtncVitNamkhngnhngclpmcndnchna.Vth,giithiungNgnhDim,mtngimcbaibtitrungthnhca
28/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhNguyn,lmidinchoKNgoiHu,mtngiHongphidngchnhthng,lmtviclmmcHunhthyvahplvathuntnh.
LivanilncithmthucanhNhochcvnnhgirtthpkhnngvoccangDim,nnmigiithiucignhnngchnh
trchotchccaKNgoiHuCng,mcvnchlcxuhngvngngoi6,nukhngmunnilckhnngtrthnhmttchc
phnngtrongcuccchmngsauny.Khicpnquanimchnhtr"chngvngngoi"nycamtsphuthi,giosNguynVn
Xunxcquyttrongtcphmbinkho"PhongtroDuyTn"rng:
"CHunhThcKhngsaunykhngchunhnhptcviNhtchcchnlvrtgnckinhnghimc".7
(VicnycngcichnhmtsluniurngnhcchmngHunhThcKhnghptcvingDimlcbygi).
SaukhinhncthcaKNgoiHuCnggivngchongNgnhDimlmidinvlnhomtphongtrothnNhttimin
Trung,ngTrngLitbnivingNguynBMungpngDimmtcchbmtvtraothcnggiyynhimcaKNgoiHuCng
chongta.ngDimvcnghnhoan,vivitthphcp,tlicmtvhashtlngphcmnhKNgoiHu.ngDimlcbygiang
lmtvquanmthtphmhm,sngndttiHu.
ngNguynBMulanhvcativbncngsvingTrngLitvngVNhNguyn,lcbygiulmPhnsTaKhmsHu,
ngMuccmtnhviphongtroCngtluvngvianhemngTrngLitlnhngbnthntrikttrc.
Vitcchlidinchnhthccatchccthymtrquct,licmangtnhchnhthngcadnghnhNguyn,ngDimmibtu
dtrnhngkhochchnhtrctmvctonquchnvcnidungutranhhn.
KhingDimtquan(rimthtphmhm)vonm1933,tronggianhngcngcnhiutranhlunsini,ngitheo,kchngquytnh
ny.DluntronggiiquantrngtiHucxnxaomtdoribinccngchmdnvoqunlng:ngithkhenngDimcngrnchng
nhncBohmtquan,ngithchorngngDimchngnhauviThngthPhmQunhbthuannutcmtchc.Ringngoiqun
chng,ngayctiHu,khngmyainchuynlnvoixungchtrongchnTriuTrungvhchorngNamtriuchngvaibnhnca
Php,viclnhayxung,hayicaccvquanlichngqualvictranhginhav,uachenlidanhchkhngnhhnggnchnhsch
caPhp,licngkhngnhhnggnisngqunchnghayvnmnhqucgia.Thtvy,ktngyKinhthtth(1885)lmchovua
HmNghibno,rivuaThnhThibtrutbim,vnhtlktkhivvuatrtuiDuyTnmucchmngbthtbiricbavvuaVitNam
bPhpbtiluy,thngidnHumrabiquan.Hnhnvtnglaimtmvittcchnchngvthtvng.Hnhnruphtrnthnh
quch,laumcbnbsng,trngtntrnniinmcmthngchovnnclaolung.
HunhttcngidnxHuuthuclng5cuthmsaunytrthnhnhngcuhrtphbintrongnhngian:
ChiuchiutrcbnVnLu
Aingi,aicu,aisu,aithm,
Aithng,aicm,ainh,aitrng
Thuynaithpthongbnsng?
29/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
acumiychnhlngncnon.
Hmncuhghilimtbincaubuncalchsvngthicngkthcninimtmscamnh.Ninimthngticmtnhvua
yuncmbgiantrun,mtbctrungthncantrngmurimuchy,tmscamtngidnnhntncsuyvongmchbita
cumiychnhlngncnon!
HlicngtrnnchailhnvinhngithaycathicucktkhivuaKhinhhnhxnhmttnVitgianvtrchnhim,chbitciu
vngdngiPhpcchitiuxiphungphcngqu.Tvsau,ngidnHuxemnhngbuitlnNamGiao,nhngbuithit
triutrongiNiviomoxnhxang,tinhhungcnggingnhnhngxuthtbtrnsnkhucarphtbTun.Hsngvihinti
nhnglngthchhoinimvqukh,mtqukhmquhngcnvngbngngoinhnh,cncvuaquanlminhqun.Vvy,vicng
DimtquanhayngQunhthngthkhnglmxcnghaygycsinitrongisngvnrttrmmccah.
Maxunnm1942,khinhngcnsngngmbtuchuynngtrongsinhhotchnhtrcangiVitthticthuynchuynvHulm
hunluynvincclpHsquan.iviti,vHulvkinhcaqucgia,lvvicungidimlcatrungtmtnc.Vthuthiuthi
chbitlytrelngvngrungkh,thininthiuthbnhchnh,lnlngianhpqunichbitklutthpvhngrost,nnkhici
vHu,tilidngdpnyngaodukhpccngngchcakinhthnh.
PhongcnhtThnkinhvautrmcknh,vathmnghutnhrtphhpvitinhthnvnbothvnnglnghoiccati.Nhngngy
nghl,tithnglangthangibvingthmnhngdanhlamthngcnhcakinhnhhTnhTm,chaThinM,nNamGiao,caNg
Mn,thnVD,vnNgVin,cuBchH,niNgBnh,chaDiu,lngKimLong,trngQucTGim...uvlcno,ticngtm
cnhngrungcmtuytvi.Ttingchungthukhngcanhngbuichiubnglngntinghnonngtrongsngmcabuisng
sngHng,tcgigitomtncvensngntotmngKhnhcamathutantrngv,thngcauthnVntingthngreonh
Ng,ttcucscthuhtllngvulitrongtmtngtinhnghnhnhkhngqun.LnbngcuLRniPhCam,tiiqua
nhngDimvthmcmphcvThngthutriu,tuycntrtuimkhngmngdanhli,dmciotquantronggiaionmnhiungi
bnhtgiatimuachtphmhm,hocdngvchogickimchctrihuyn.
isngcatitiTrungtmHunluynHsquancngngycngtrnncngthngvbcbi.NhngvachmvinhngqunnhnPhptrong
lciuhnhcngtcginghun,nhnghnhvihnghchkthcahiviqunnhnVitNam,nhngpbcvbtcngtrongisngtrong
vngoidoanhtri,vnhtlthikhmnmshintinghipcamtsngngngiVitNam...nhbinthnhgitnccuicng
lmtrnlynccathithuthnqucati,mchtchc,tph,hmhip,tydongiPhpvtaysaicahgyrachngchtby
lunay.
Chonmthmvothng6nm1942,tiangdytcchinchomttrungikhasinhtichnniNgBnhthngTrnVnDnh(saunyl
GimcThngtindithingDimvhinangsngtiHoaThnhn,HoaK 8)vmtngilmtnthaotrngxingpti.ngDnht
giithiutnhcamnhvngilmt(mbygitiminhratnNguynHuyTun),mtcngchccaChnhphBoh.
ngDnhtramtsvnthisthmnhlngyuncvquyttmdnhclpchoncnhcati,riphntchtnhhnhchnhtrth
giivVitNamchotingheinktlunlchbohcaPhptiVitNamthnocngphichmdtvVitNamthnocngc
clp.Tuycntr,nhngngllunrtkhoahcvngtvnrtngn,cchtrnhbycang,tuyrttngqut,nhngliphhphon
tonvinhngsuytcatitlu.
30/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trlithcmcvsaongbittivdmnlmcngtctuyntruynnythngchohayliunghinvthitlpcdanhschnhng
qunnhnVitNamtiHutngchngtclngyuncvdmxthnchngPhp.Trckhiv,ngkhuyntinngianhpmttchcu
tranhivohotngcchmngvhngptivomtdpkhcchanhtrcc.
Ngaytihm,tilinnnhngNguynBMukrlitrnghpgpgvnidungbuinichuyn.NghetinhcntnngTrnVn
Dnh,anhvticirichobitrngtuychaquenDnhnhngngbitDnhlemrutngTrnVnHng,concacTTrnVnX,vcng
nhng,cbachaconutrongphongtronghKNgoiHuCngdongDimlnho.Ngheanhtinir,timiyntmvtrong
lngvnngiDnhlnhnvintrhnhcasMtthmPhp.
Mytunsau,cngtichnniNgBnh,Dnhlitmngpti.LnnythDnhchobitthnglanglmvicchotaLnhsNhtBntiHu
vhotngrtantonvccquanHinbinhcaNht(lcbygingtrngtrunghcHcHmc)bovkcng.Tronglnni
chuynny,chngtitholunsuxahnnhngrrnglDnhtmcchtcngtinhthnyuncchngPhpcatimcthltheoNht
nhPhp.TheoDnhththnoNhtcngochnhPhpvcvuaBoi,aKNgoiHuvnccmchnhquynvingDimlm
ThtngChnhph.
Vncngheanhvtiphntchtnhhnhchnhtrngthitrongchiuhngvinhngtrinvngthtlcquan,liangncvcphi
mnhnghoibocamnhtronglngmvnphilmvicchungvingiPhp,nayngheDnhphngiivthcyhotngvimtschlc
cthtrongmttchcctht,tirtxcngvhascnghotngvingta.TilincDnhtraochocngtcbmttheodihotng
canhngsquanPhptrongnvcati,theodislngvkhxutnhpkhovtmcchktnpthmnhiungchkhc.
SaumtvilnnatipxcviDnh,cuicngticanhvtivngTrngLitgiithiutivotchccangNgnhDim.Lclvo
mathunm1942.
AnhvtimmtsccvMcsTinLnh(hinsngLosAngeles)cngnhngVNhNguyn(hinangsngtiM)ubitlmtngi
tnhtnhngaythng,cngnghvcchln.Vnhngho,nnsaukhibngThnhChung,ngbnthivongchThktaScphng
tinsinhsng.Vamicaconulng(saunylcChuntngNguynBLin)c15ngythvcht,ngrtbunnntmngunani
tronggiolcaoTinLnh.ThnphcanglcNguynBDnh,CnhnvcblmTrihuynYnThnhtnhNghAn.cmy
nm, chn cnh quan trng, li bt mn v triu nh bt lc trc ngoi nhn, c t quan v lng m trng dy hc sng cnh an bn lc o.
NgicongiucaC,tclchrutcangNguynBMu,lyngicontraicacCLuTrngKinhuynBTrch,vnlthnphca
haithisLuKLinhvLuTrngL,mngiemivolchsthivnncnhvibncuthbth9:
Emkhngnghemathu
Lthurixoxc
Connaivngngngc
ptrnlvngkh...
Cnthnphtituykhngtcaonhngcngccngdimikinhsnnngitronghuyngilng"uX",cnchtithvonTam
TrngmihngchonnnihngngnhtrungcngclitvohngnhngnhNhotrngvng.Vth,ccNguynBDnhvgianhti
31/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trnnbnghuthnthittrongkhungcnhcamtlngqunghonnnhngnnp.Lgthanhkhlhng,cCvchachtivnlnhng
mnKhngMnhvocithimvnminhTyphngangcngphnhngthnhtrvnhavchnhtrcuicngcanpsngnhophong,
nntrthnhbntmgiaotrikmtcchddng,vcngnhmhainhmitrthnhthnggiavtitrthnhemrcangNguynB
Mu.
Mtmtnhgingmubtkhutcattin,mtkhcnhtmgngskhcanhcgiavanhv,nhngsuscnhtlnhlmvictrctipvi
quniPhpnncngngyticngthyrchnhschhkhcvthmccangiPhp,cngnhthilncinhcnhcaquanliAn
Nam.Chnhnhngsinhhatthcthngthng,hngngy,hngtun...chnhnhngchngkintrongcngvic,trongisng...nymm
vnuidngtrongtmhnticiquyttmkhctvchngliscaitrcamtchnhquynngoinhntrntnc.VthkhingTrngLit
vngTrnVnDnhtchctivophongtrocacCngvimcchtihulginhliclpvchquynchoqucgiatrongtaychnh
quynPhpthtihnghinhnligianhpngay,dthccrnglmtqunnhn,nubPhpkhmphra,ticthmangtithnhnh
mtsqunnhnkhctrongphongtro"ucHthnh",trongv"KhinghaYnBi",trongv"iCungNghAn"...
Lcbygi,thcutranhcchmnghayquannimmtngutranhcchmng,iviti,khngphilnhucucpbchnht.Quytnh
catichcvnngbngtnhcmcmthPhphvchbngtnhcmmthi,nnbtkmttchcno,VitQuc,TnVithay
ngaycngCngSn,nuntuyntruynvktnp,ticngsnsnggianhpngay.
Thrivomtmmaphngncuinm1942,khong11gikhuya,ngTrngLitnnhtivrigpngNgnhDim.Chngtiidc
theotngnsngHnghngvphaPhCamvdnglitrcnginhcknh,tngcagiatcNgnh.
cngivobo,ngDimratnbccptrccanhnchngti.llnutintigpngDim.ngrttrsovitcvvnhng
huynthoivng.Dkhuya,ngvnmcolng,khnng,giyh,ramichngtivophngkhchchnh,nicbbnghmyxam
chPhm,ngiyttrungthnhcang,dnrabachnncchxanhmikhch.
Dingnnm,trongmtphngkhchcknh,trcmtnhnvttnglThngthutriu,tngciotquan,vbygiangthay
mtKNgoiHuCngcmumttchcchngPhp,ticcmtngnhmnhlcvomtthgiikhc,xalhnvithctsing
catnhhnhtnc.Saukhimichngtidngncchxanh,ngDimbtuhivgiathvsinhhotcati,cngnhhivisngv
tinhthncaqunnhnVitNamtrongmitngquanviqunnhnPhp.
ClnhcngTrngLitgiithiutrcvhoncnhvcvngcaticngnhclnhcngianhvcativnlthnhvin
trongtchc,nnsauphnmucacuchuyn,ngDimtratintngvthntnhvitihn.Vvy,ngbtukchuyningnh
trangtritmshnlkhoekhoangnhmthuytphc:ngninhiuvgiaionnglmTrihuynriTriphmcngtcchnhlcngvi
cctrngnngiPhpithanhstlngqu,hockhmphvlngbtnhngtchcCngsnthi192930khiphongtroXVitNgh
Tnhbnp.ngcngtrnhbychuynngtbquantrngvngiPhpkhngthctmkhaihanhndnVitNam.Cuicng,ngi
votrngtmcabuinichuynlkhidylngyunc,nungnuchcmththcdnvtaysainhBoivbangThngthngtriu
m ng th ght nht, l Phm Qunh,Thi VnTon v H c Khi. ng cng cp n cuc i v con ng hot ng ca K Ngoi Hu
CngvcacPhanBiChuktthccuchuynqudi.
Sutbuigpg,ngTrngLitvtinghenhiuhnni.Ringti,tuycchngtrnhbyvtchcmngangphtrchnhngvngkhng
cpnnnticngchatinhi.mqukhuya,ngTrngLitbnxinphprav.ngDimtinchngtiratnca,hngplitunsau
vdnkkhngnnvobngcachnhtrnhstheodicamtthmPhpmnnibngcabmtvnsaugnngxela,livoch
cmtsngchcngchobitmthi.
32/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trnngv,trongcirtbutcaxHubuitrngng,ticmthyxcnglthngvbuigpg.Buigpgmtichonhlmt
xctncnhnvtcchcamtngvintrongmtphongtrocchmng,cmtlnhtthucgianhvngtcdmtquanutranh
choquhngdntc.Trongcitmtrngmangmangcamtngitnaycmttchcnngda,cmtlnhtchngdn,c
mtltngutranh,tivrachomnhnhngcmsngtitrongcitisngchungcatnglaidntc.
Ty,hunhmitunltiunnginhPhCam,vncxemnhtrstrungngcatchc,sinhhotvtholuncngng
Dimvccngchcang.TrongsnychaingictcnlngHongXunMinhlmThamttaKhmsHuvngNguynTnQu
lmthkchosMtthmTrungk.HainginycbitcngDimtrngvngvtintng,nhtlngNguynTnQu,tuychmi
TrunghcnhnglngicngDimxemnhmuschnh.
SaugnnanmhotngvingDimvccngch,tiinnhnxtrngsinhhotvphngthctchccanhmvmtnidungln
ccucvlmtphongtrochnhtrhnlmtngcchmngchtch.Nhmkhngcmththngtchcviccccuvchcnngr
rng,khngcchthuytchocngnhkhngcmtschlcutranhvicckhochgiaionnhtnh.Ticctnh,vcbittiHu,
btcaingchungchungvichtrngthnNhtvknhphcngDimthucthgianhpphongtrocang.10
Nitmli,ngaytlc,tinhgicbnchtcatchclmtbnchtchnhtrvndngchkhngphicchmngutranhnhcc
ngkhc.Tchcckttinhsaulnguytncamtlnhtvhotngtheosbinchuyncatnhth.
Dnhnnhnhvy,tivnquytnhhptcvingDimvldotnhcmnhiuhnlvchnlachnhtrcthc.Cngtccaticng
DimgiaophltchcmtlclngqunnhnKhxanhtrongkhpcccbinhthucxTrungk,baogmtThanhHavonPhanThitv
cctnhCaoNguyn.VqunnhnKhthdoThiuyPhanTLngangphcvtrongthnhMangCHuphihpvingikh
NguynVinh(msauny,khingDimmichpchnh,lTiuontrngTiuonDanhd,tinthncaLinbinhPhngvTngThngph)
phtrchviclinlcvthngtincccsqunsngtiHuvPhBi.
cbitngDimgiaochotithomtkhochhotngchititphihpviquniNhtBnkhinoNhtlmcucochnhtncngqun
Php,vmtdndihnkhcvvictitchcquniBoAnchoqucgiasaukhiHongthnCnglylichnhquyntrongtayngi
Php.Haidnny,nhshicahaingHongXunMinhvNguynTnQu,vnhtlnhcsdngnhngtiliuqucphngca
PhptiTrungtmHunluyn,ctihonttngkhnvtrnhchongDimnghincu.haitunsaungchobitlckvng
honton.
Nhuytnvvthhunluynvincacckhahsquan,tithitlpclinlcvtchcmththngcctgmt5n7ngitrongsut
20cbinhcaminTrung.Nhnghctr,nhngbnbcatictchcvophongtroCngdongDimlnho,nhiungiccc
ngVNhNguyn,TrnVnHnghayPhngNgcTrnghinhingoibitr.
Ngoira,lidng15ngynghphpthngnincati,ngDimcngiaochoticngtcikhpcctnhTrungKlinlcviccngchc
uytnvthclckhc.TitngiThanhHalinlcvicNguynTrc(lthnphcaksNguynLunvcnglnhcphcaluts
NghimXunHngmtnhnsctinhthncchmngtchcTrihuynhotng)iHTnhlinlcvingTrnVnLanglmTunv
tiy,nQuyNhngpbcsLKhcQuyn,nPhanThitgpngTrnTiu,mtnginghnganggichcKinhlch,v.v...
Nhnhngchuyninyvkinhquanhnglntipxcviccvnanh,tichchinhiuthmvthcchnhtrvkhnngphntchtnh
33/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hnh.Cngnhnhngchuyniny,ticbitkhngnhngngitronggiiquanlinghngDim,cbitlcnstPhanThcNg
QungBnh,mcncmtstrthctnhc,tuykhngtrongphongtro,nhngcngccmtnhvingDimnhbcsUngViPhanThit
hayksngPhcThngNhaTrang.(KsThngsaunygichcBtrngCngChnhmtthigianngntrongChnhphutincaVit
Minh)...
Ngoihaicngtcchnhny,ringtiThaThin,ticngymnhcngtckinhtichotchcbngcchtuyntruynvvnngmtscc
thnggiagiuctnhnguynnggpchongDim.Cnginggp4ngbcngDngmithng,ringcmtvlngy(lthnph
caTrungTNguynM,hinM)tnhnguynnggpht6ng(mingbcngDngvothi,cgitrrtln.Mtkgoch25xu).
Trongsutthigianny,khngbaogitithyngDimrikhiHucngkhngbaogithyngxuthinhotngtronggiichnhtrcngkhai
hocbmt.HngngyngilnhthvbuichiuthngmcolngenilangthangmtmnhdcbsngPhCamhngmt.Cng
trongsutthigianny(chonnm1948),dthngnnhngDimticngkhnghthymtngNgnhCn.TigpngNhuhailn:
mtlnvonm1943trongdptanglcacThnThnTnThtHn(khitidntrungilnhidncholclmlngquan),vlnthhai,
gpchaivchngtivnphngVnKhtaKhmsHukhitinthmngTrngLit.ngTrngLitchobitchaihaybangy,bNhuli
nvnphngchnggpgvnichuyn.BNhunbngxekogngvngdomtngiytthntnvlclngko.XekocabNhu
lmttrongnhngchicxesangnhtCmcccumvcChiutrongtriunhnhNguynthngdngdichuyntrongthnhph.
VtrnghpngNhu,ngDimthngdndchngti:"ChytheoTy,hamnsungmcsng,khngthitgnchnhtrhaycchmng
u,ccngchnngpghaythnthitvichylmg".Lcuchngtithcsngcnhinvlidndllng,thitisaoanhth
munlmcchmngmemthlihhanhvynhngttchngtimihiucrnglidndlmttrongnhngbinphpanninhpht
xutttnhcmgianhmngDimchmunmtmnhchutrchnhimvhuquvhotngthnNhtvchngPhpcang,chkhng
munlmlinlycgianh.Hnna,ngNhuvamiPhpv,vcngvalpgianhvimtngivcnsontr(bNhusinhnm1924)
caHthnhhoal,ngtacncthigiancngcavcamtcngchcBohcaocpvcngcisnggianhmngivvnqut
dotnthi,tthybttngmlicnphiganhuagiamtkinhkcnhiumnhphquphi.
Cuinm1943,nhnghquchnhtrvkinhtcanhthchinthtsnhhngnhotngvisnghngngycanhngnginh
ti.Gisinhhotleothangvnvt,ngbcngDngbmtgithmhi,got25xulnnmtngmtkkhinlnghngthng40ng
camtqunnhntrungcpnhtiquthtkhngchotiugianhtisng.Vvy,vcngvkhngmunvngbnthnhitronghotng
utranhcamnh,tiphibingiquytnhchovtivhaiacontrainhvqusngvibnngoi.Vqu,tuyisngthanhmv
thiuthnhn,tuycphitotncckhmtnnghaisngnhngtravconticncmtmnhvntrngrauc,mthncctmc,
mtrngtrmccinavnhtlcbconthnthuccthpisngquangy.Buibitly,nhnchicxeckchpchngavcon
vcqunthnthng,ngicnb26tuiinhtikhngkhicmtchtxaoxuynxtxa.cbitquytnhcati,ngDimhnhoan
lmvkhentilmcchmngthphibithysinhcnhn,phibitthotlygianhcnhiuthgivnnglccnghinchoicuc.
icuc,hayningralnhngvnngchnhtrcanhmngDimtrongkhunkhcuctranhchpnhhnggiaNhtvPhptiVit
Nam,vntiptcthngtrmtheonhpthnghaybicaphangiNht.QuniNhtBn,chinthngoanhlittrongnhngnmucath
chin,tcuinm1943tri,trvthphngngthng.Vticcmttrnlnn,Minin,NamDng...qunNhthngchu
nhngthtbiqunsnngnnniphirtluirakhinhngqucgiabchimng...uxunnm1944,chuynphinn,mtthm
PhpvThngthPhmQunhtchcvybtngDimmnukhngnhHinbinhNht,vikhnngtnhbocasginipKempeitai,kp
thicanthipcuthottrongngtktcthclsinhmngvchnhtchccangDimkhngcn.
NguyntchccmtngchtnlKhanglmthksBuinHu,mtrcphngintnnkhuyamvncnthyvintrngs
34/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
buinngiPhplichthnthovnhintn,ngbntmcchlnccmtscnginmtrongccnginmangnidung
vvicbtngDim.nglinthngbochomtanhemclinhnbntnhbocaNhtbittinny.(Cngcthcnhiunggiykhc
namtikhngcbit).
Khonggn11gimthbangiHinbinhNhtBnnnhngDimPhCamvnagisauthhravtrccpmtxoimicanhn
vin mt thm Php ang canh chng nh ng Dim. Mi n qu na m, cc nhn vin mt thm Php mi b tr xng vo nh bt ng Dim
nhnghchgpcbcthnmucang,ngiyttnPhmvmtngihinbinhNhtBn...ThrangDim,vnngithpln,nn
gitrangmcqunphcHinbinhtrntheocngvihaingihinbinhNhtkiaraitlu,lmmtcngvinchnhsmtthmngDng
lPierreArnouxtHNivochthniukhincngtcvybtnhnvtthnNhtBnquantrngnhttiTrungK.NhmmtthmPhpda
dmbcthnmungDim,tratnanhPhmmthirihmhcrav.
HinbinhNhtangDimvtmtrtitaLnhsNhtcangIshida 11vitingnghrichngnthngtrsHinbinhtitrngH
cHmccantonhnvtrnhnhngvachmngoigiaocthcvingiPhp.CThiVnChu(nguynPhchtchPhng
ThngmiSiGnvhintnntiPhp),lcbygilmtthnggiackhuynhhngthnNhtvangcuthucungcpthcphm
choquniNht,bittinnnvivngvothmvmangmttnchHuchongDimdngchungvikhuphnmbctisHinbinhNht.
TheolicthngDimcvsuytvniloulhnramt.
cvingy,ngiNhtlinhtngngDimbngtnhbinhvoNngvtchngbngphicqunsvoSiGn.Banuh
ngtmtrtitrstrungngcasHinbinhNht,sauhdichuynngnvnphngchnhcaiNamCngty,vnlbmtngytrang
caBchhuytrungngcangMatsuisita,trmginipcaNhttingDng.ThingDimlmTngthng,ngMatsuisitatrlimin
NamVitNamlmnbunbnvgipngDimrtclctrongquanhngoithnggiaVNCHvNhtBn.SaungychngDimb
tondnlt,ngMatsuisitabHingTngLnhlmkhdtrongvntisnvccthngvcangtiSiGn,nhngvnghtnhxa
giangDimvngta,titmcchcanthipvgip.
SaungyngDimbbthtvcNhtchechmangimtvoSiGn,vinchnhsmtthmTrungKPerroche,vnctmttayvniting
tnc,btunghingcnhnvinchmcangDimtrongsmtthmHu,bnyucuvitrungngchobitphingLombert,vinchnh
smtthmVinhvnthngthovtnhhnhngphivnhnsVitNam,voHuvthnhlpmtybancnhimphtrchiutra"vn
NgnhDim".ngHongngTiu,(hinngtiPortland,tiubangOregon),lcbygicnangccmtnhvicnhnngDimvanglm
phnstismtthmHu,tuycthngboskinnychomtsngitrongtchcngDimbit,nhngcngkhngtrnhkhitnhtrngmt
schinhulnltbsalimtthmPhp.
TrchtlcnStPhanThcNgbltchcvbtgiivogiamHu,rinngTunvHTnhTrnVnLsutbbtnhngnhcbv
lbcongnviNamPhngHongHunnchbhtngcngtc,thuynchuynvoPhYnvvnhvinkhngcnghthngthng.
ngVNhNguynvngLngDuyU(saunylmtnhtrngPhYnvVnhBnhdithingDim),haingchthnthitnhtvitilc
bygi,cngbbtylnDakto.Ngoira,mtsccngchkhctiHuvcctnhTrungK,ngithvovnglaol,ngithbtruylng.
VphaqunnhnbnKhchcmyngiicaocpbbtgi,cnbnKhxanh,tThanhHavonPhanThit,bmtthmPhpbt
girtnhiu.CngibtratnngychaihmrngvxngquaihmnhanhiLcPhBi,cngibnhquchnnhanhiX
QungTr.ascchsquanKhxanhbbtvgiamticcnhlaoBiThngThanhHa,nhlaoLaoBoQungTrhocticcnhlao
khcCaonguynTrungphn.Ringphnti,vlngilnhotonbnhmqunnhnKhxanhnnbbtgiamvtratntnbosmt
thmHuvtnggiamlaoThaphgnhaithng,trckhibylnDiLinhbitgiamtrongmtnhlaodolnhThngcanhgi.
35/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
unm1945,quniNhtBnbphncngvbdnvothtuytvngticcmttrnTrungHoacngnhtrncctuynphngvngNam
.Trongkhi,trnchintrnguChu,saucucbngy6/6/1944tibbinNormandiecaqunlcngMinh,tngDeGaullednton
bChnhphlmthitAlgertrvPhpnmchnhquynvothng8cngnm.
TrnmttrnThiBnhDng,tngMacArthurchimxongPhiLutTnvangtungquntnchimccqunophngvchinlccax
PhTang,ymtrchomtkhochtichimngDngcalinqunAnhPhp.Trcnguyccthbnicngngoikch,quniNht
BntiVitNambnochnhchnhquynPhpvom9/3/1945,bttonquynDecouxvthitlpnhiutritptrunggiamgicngchcv
qunnhnPhptinhiuaimtrntonlnhthngDng.TiBcK,mtsnvPhpchnglicucochnhnyubnp,kth
bbt,kthtrnquaTu.
Thlsaugn100nmhVitNam,tinhnhmtchnhschthcdntnckhaithctiatinguynvnhnlccancta,tinhnh
mtchnhschxmlcvnhaxoquytphnttruynthngcadnta,tinhnhmtchnhschcaitrdatrnbolcvphnha,chcn
mtmvmtmthi,tonthbmythngtrcaPhphontonbsp.Huynthoiv"nhimvkhaiha"ynhnocaccquan
tonquynvccvcotheolcTamtirirxungt.
Binclchsmmng9/3/1945,vnhtlhaingysau,khivuaBoituynb"VitNamclp"trongkhi"Thnhvngchunging
",dkhngphilktqucamtcucutranhthcsdongiVitchxng,dsausaVitNamnmtchntriylclavcm
by,ymuvncmt,yaunvtinhc,nhngngy,tn,cmtnghalchslnnhmttrmnhcalchs,ctcdngmnh
trongsthctnhsngkhoicanhndncncsau100nmdichmmtronggicmngbtrhihng.
Tixintrchliymtonhikcamtnhnchngsngtrongngyvbcbchmtcchthnhthttmscamnhtrc,sauv
trongngy.ChngnhnnylngLChnhTrung,mttrithcCnggio,tsau1975liVitNamlmvicchochnhquynHNi.Hik
ctrchttcphm"TmvDntc",xutbntiSiGnvonm1967.Ticngcnphinirngvitcchmtngichnglthuyt
vchCngsnt30nmnaybngchnhmuxngcamnh,vitcchlngitngcmumtbphnvanninhiuvingi
CngSn,vitcchlchinhu,ngch,bnbcanhngnhnvtVitNamtnglnguynthcahainnNhtvNhCngHa,
vothiimny,trongbuihonghncacucinixlqungi,khichaitcphm"TmvDntc"v"TngiovDntc"caL
ChnhTrung,tivnkhnggimququytngTrungcthttmtheocngsnhaykhng?Cngnhtivnkhnggimququytlnhngngi
nhngTrung,sutchiudicacucchin30nmQucCng,dngbnnyhaybnkiachintuyn,cthtslctdovsngsut
lachnhaykhng?Hayttcchmunthhinlngyunccamnhnhnglibxoquytvndngbinhngngnt,nhngnhtng,
nhngthoncaccthlcoannghitkhc.
onhikcangLChnhTrung,dcvitlihn20nmsau,vnnilncrtrrngscchnngllngcabincm9/3/1945:
TtrngTaberdSiGnraHu,tichctrngProvidence,thgiovicclinhmccahiMissionEtrangre.
NinxTrungK,nghexallmsao.Tnhchln,tichbitccTamsc,bygiraHumihayrngxAnNamcncmtlc,lc
vngsc(thumicmtscthi...)
Nhnglckhnggychotimtshnhdinnomtrili:Ttcnhngvtcvmcmeo,mcnt,lithi,khngcnmtchtglinh
viti.
36/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TicnnhbuichoctrngthuninhctitrngProvidence,taKhmsvChnhphNamtriuucidinnthamd.Bnngi
Phplhaingsquantrtuihngdngtrongbqunphctrngtinh.BnngiVitchaicsnsnbngph,khnngorngthngthnh
lpxpidphmch,licnphephyciqutimingaytronglthngc.Chai!Trngmichnilmsao!
TrngProvidencetntinhntrngTaberd,cmtnngiodchonb,cimhntrngTaberd.CcChagngihcsinhhnccshuynh.
NiytihpthnhngkinthcvngchccthhiubitnnvnhaTyphnglnnvnhaqunbnh,nhnbnvsusc.Ti
cngthmnhunnnolKitgiocmthyciihi(tracngcnhth)hngcucimnhvmtcigtt.
Nngiodcnyhiiukinchoti"thnhngi".Chticmtiul"conngiotoniykhngphilconngiVitNam"!Quhng
vngbngngaygialngquhng!
Trongmynmtrng,chngtisngbnngoidntc,bnllchs.Chonnmmng9/3/1945,khitingsngcaquniNhthong
ngbohiuscochungcannhPhp,chngtichnghiumtg.
Vingysau,hcsinhtrngKhinh,ngKhnhbiutnhmngclp:VitNamcLp!"VitNam"ltairi,"cLp"nghecnquin
hn.
Ngybiutnh,chngtitmixem,nhnthinhvcbiungreoh"VitNam!VitNam!"mchngthyvuimngchi,chnghemcvbc
bivcmthymnhbv,lcloigiamng.Ticnnhmtatrongbntiniln"clplciccg?"Cuhixcxc,ngngh
nydintcitmtrngchungcachngtilcy.Qutnhchngtikhnghiu...12
Haiminmsau,cuhiclplciccg?minlnthnhcutrlirclatronglngLChnhTrungng"TmvviDnTc",khi
vngbnggialngquhng...LmttnCnggioLaMmo,lmttrithcxutthntcctrngDngmnidunggiodcthinTy
phng,ngTrungphilckctmvmtngylchsxaxatnhthctmvdntcnhngcuicngliphcvchoCngsn.Nguyny
noaythnphncamttrthcCnggiotrigitvothmcnhcamtngiVitNamthylcloingaychnhtrnquhngmnh
cuicngphibmvuvonhngonhcamtlthuytphidntchuthamnnhngkhtkhaomuncmtchngtrntMgialng
quhng?!
Saummng9thng3,saucnbnghongchnhtrchungcacnc,mingi,vcbittiTrungK,udonlKNgoiHuCng
snmcchimvnclnngiVuatraochongDimchcThtng,thnhlpnicciukhinqucgia.Khngngchhai
ngysau,ngy11/3/1945,vuaBoivntivvtuynbVitNamclptrongkhiing,hybmihipcbohkktviPhp
ttrcvmihcgiTrnTrngKimthnhlpChnhph.Chnhphnycthnhlpvramtngbovongy17/4/1945mKNgoiHu
CngvnNhtvngDimvncnnmtiSiGnmtcchimlngllng.
Sauny,ngBoichobitngiNhtdtkhotkhngtiptcnghngDimna 13,vcTrnTrngKimtronghik"Mtcngibi"
cngklirngtrongcucgpggiacvngDimtiBtlnhNhtBntiSiGn,ngDimchocbitngiNhtkhngchongDim
bitgc,ngaycbcintncavuaBoigimingDimvHucngbdukn.14
NhngsliuvnhngdkinthctnychotathyKNgoiHuCngvngDim,dtrcthttmnghngiNht,cuicng
thcsbngiNhtbrivuytnvscmnhchnhtrcah(ddimtngiNhtchlvtrvscmnhcamtlbichnhtrbnx
chomtnhucunnhgiaion)khngcnphhpvinhucumicachnhschcaNhttingDng.Viunycngcichnhlunlun
37/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
iucamtstiliudobmytuyntruyncachngDimvonhngnmngmichpchnh,cngnhnhngtiliudonhng"sgia"
hoiNgsau1963,ctnhchorng"ngDimkhngbaogichuhptcvnngdavongiNht".15
TrnghpngDimbNhtBnbrivphnbisaugnbnnmhptcchnthnhviNhtchlslplicamtquylutchnhtrcin
vsngtrongcctngquanquct,nhtltngquangiamttrongnhiuthlcchnhtrcamtncnhctiuvimtcngqucnh
NhtBn.Thtvy,NhtBnphnbibalncngmttchcVitNam(trctiphaygintipdoKNgoiHuCnglnho):
Nm1909,trcxutKNgoiHuvcPhanBiChusaukhihkhipcthnhuviPhp.
Nm1940,btgiamvtraolichoPhplclngPhcqucquncachsTrnTrungLp,TrnHuyThanhvHongLngsautrnLngSn.
Nm1945,bricCngvngDimthanhnvuaBoiviChnhphTrnTrngKim,saubinc9thng3nm1945ochnh
qunPhp.
QuthtngDimvnhngmustrongbthammucangkhnghcchaibihctrc.
Sauthtbichnhtrnitrn,ngNgnhDimbunruchnnnvcng,nhtlkhiChnhphTrnTrngKimrai,hunhngkhngcn
nghlctiptccucutranhna.Mangtmtrngcangithtth,ngluivsngcnkhngtipxcviainatinhngiemlNg
nhLuynChLn,hocthnhthongxungthmngianhlgimmcNgnhThcVnhLong.Gianhvtnhanhemlunlunlpho
ikinclmninngdachongtronghonnncngnhtrongcthng.
TronglcthtiHu,vvnlinlccchtr,thngtinchmchp,ngianhtrnglngNgnhKhivnkhngnmvngtnhhnhthy
rng"lbiNgnhDimvgiiphpCng"hontonbNhtxab,vntiptchotngchunbchongyvcangCngv
nicccangDim.SngchcangDim,mmtslncphngthchkhinhgiamPhpnhcucochnhcaNht,vntiptc
sinhhottinhngKhiichngDim.
Vphnti,saukhicngviccchnhtrphmkhctritDiLinhcquniNhtphngthch,tibntrvqucthmgianhlngxm
nathngritrliHucngsinhhotviccngchcdisiuhnhcangNgnhKhi.TdinhcangKhitalctitngnsng
PhCam,lmtdinhthtoln,huyhongvlnglynhluicaccvhutcuChu.Mikhihp,ngKhithngchotrisutmchiu
cpiugiaphngkhchrnglnmingicngngitrnquanhng,chngkhcgsngscalnticcnhphhthnqu.Trongcc
buihp,ngKhithngninhiu,nilulotvlunlunmmdokhicmuthunvllun.Tuytnhtnhcangvuivvhang,nhng
ngvnctinglnginhiuthonnhttrongschnanhchem.
VokhongmttunlsaukhinicccacTrnTrngKimrai,ngNguynTnQuvticngKhicvoSiGngpngDimv
tchccucntipKNgoiHumngKhitngstrvVitNam.ngKhicntraochochngtimtchickhnngvmtchico
gm mu tm ng Dim mc trong dp nghnh n nh cch mng tng bn ba ni hi ngoi hn 40 nm tri. Chng ti n c nh ng
Luyns2ngArmandRousseautiNgSuChLn,ningDimangctr,saumtcuchnhtrnhhtscgianlao,nguyhim,vtrn
sutchngnggnmtngncys,nhtlonminTrung,phicngMinhlintipoanhtcngymlmginonngsvlm
cctoaxelangnngangnhiuni.
GplingDimsauhnmtnmtrimtngnhmtkhongthigianxacchlulm.Nhngthtbichnhtrvstantccatchcvqu
38/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhiunhnsctcnbtylmchochngtisungsngbnghongtrongbuihingny.Saukhitrnhbyychititcctintclin
quanntchctiminTrung,vsaukhitrlichongDimbittnhhnhchnhtrtiHu,ngNguynTnQucnchobitldcng,trong
mtlnbphicMnmbomsutnachaichngtitanxc,hnhlcachngti,trongcckhnngvogmcangKhigivo,
bthtlc.ngDimkhngtvtrchmcg,ngchcibunchuachtmthi.
Cngtinginhny,lnutinchngticgpngNgnhLuyn,linhmcLSngHu,vngVVnHi.ngLuyncnrttr,ttham
gianhngcuctholunchnhtr,cnVVnHichlmtthanhninmiln,gipngDimcccngvicgiytvanhmtthk,vanhmt
typhi.Banngy,ngQuvtivkhchsnngDimtipkhchhocnghngi,chvobuichiu,chngtimitrlinginhArmand
RousseaudngcmtivianhemngDimvlinhmcHuritiptctholun.Dbitchngtitrngch,tuytnhinngDimvnkhng
cpgnhoncnhcaKNgoiHuCngvnhngdtnhtnglai.
ChLnvokhongmttunl,ngDimchochngtibitngymaiskhihnhiLt.Snghmsau,khiSiGnbtutrmnhthc
dyvinhngsinhhotrnrpthbnngichngtilngDim,linhmcHu,ngQuvtilnng.LcxengnglitiBlaontra,ng
DimmitrnhbyvicngiNhtphnbikhngchoKNgoiHuCngvncvcttmilinlcchnhtrvichnhng,ringt
bunphinvuaBoimi"tnnhoTrnTrngKim"lmthtng.LcbygingQuvtimithcshiurtnhhnhvtrnghungbi
tcangDimvcatchcchngti.SchlcnmchnhquynbngconngthnNhtcangDimivobtcvhontontht
bi,hquchnhtrcankhngnhnglmtinhnguthphttrinmquantrnghnc,cnlstlitcatchc.
XenLtvobuichiu,sngnimmphxungthnhphvalnnvkhngkhlnhlngvodpuThucnglmchonibunca
chngtithmsum.Saukhichyxuynquatrungtmthnhphvvtmyngni,xenthngdinhTngccangTrnVnL.Dinh
TngcvnltaclccaPhp,kintrctheoliTyphng,talctrnngnicaonhnxungkhpthnhphLt.ngLncnn
chngtivophngkhchvchongidntrthmdngchombng.Bitrngchngtimtmisaucuchnhtrnhnnngchongithuxp
phngchngtiinghsm.
mutrnthnhphCaoNguynnymcngvkhuyatrngcngm,sngcnglnh,tritthbngbchuynonhtmsmnglung
canhngngivathtbisaumtcucutranh.ThnhphLtchmxungsaunhngrngthngimlmnhchiaxnithtvngcachng
ti.Trckhing,ngNguynTnQucntmsvitirngmtkhiBoitiptccmchnhquyncngcthlcthtchckhcth
thayictnhhnh,hunggngDim,ngilnhocatchclikhngphilmtloinhnvt"anhhngtothith".Ticnnhmi
myliphphncuicngcangnhmttingthannonngtrongmvng:"Chngtavphicibnamcrtrixuitheoconncl".
NhnnhvtmscangQunhvy,chngtrchgminmsau,ngbanhemngDimthngtayhstkhihcquynlctrongtay.
nnm1948,1949NguynTnQucnnhclinhngnhnxttrnchonhiubnb.TrongsbnbccngVNhNguyn...
Myhmsau,linhmcHulyxeiPhanRangttrliSiGn,ngNguynTnQupxelavHumangtheomtlthringca
ngDimgivchongNgnhKhi,cnngDimvtithvnliLt.
ngTrnVnL,quQungTr,cbconvigimmcLHuT,lmtvquannitinglimchnh.(KhinglmThhinTrungVit,ngiem
rutcanglTrnVnTrnh,chsphngNidch,ngychnhtlyxeChnhphvsdngringbngctchcngay,ivicclinhmchay
nxinx,nhcy,ngthngthntchi).ngLlngithanhlim,cngtrc,ctinhthnyuncvckhnngquntrnncChnh
phTrnTrngKimmigichcTngccaitr4minccNamTrungVitnhlmtthTiuKhmSai.Chcvcanglcbygil"Tngc
LmngBnhNinh"(bntnhLmng,ngNai,BnhThun,vNinhThun),vvlcbygiphngtingiaothngvhthnglinlccn
khkhncchtrnnngcidinchnhphtonquyngiiquytcpthicngvicqucgia.VnphngTngccngNguynnhHm
(saunycthilmhiutrngmttrngtrunghctiHu)gichcTngthk,ngThamTlmchnhvnphngvnhvnVHngvalm
39/611
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bthvalmthngdchvinvngVHngnivvitthngthocbangnngPhp,Anh,Nht.
ngLtrngdngmtngibitthtiLtvbitphimtsbibpcnglnhBoAngianninhchongDimvti.Tronghnmtthngtri
sngchungvinhautrongnginhrngrinhnglnhlng,sinhhotthngnhtcachngtithttrmlng:buisngthcdyungtrni
chuynridngimtm,sauchngtiiraithngsaunhcmtchtnngmvtmthaychobuitpthdcsaubuicmtra,
chngtihocinghhoclnthphngcschktrnbacitschlncangichnhnPhpclichonchiu.Saubuicmti,
chngtihoctipkhchnhngthngthnglnginichuynvinhaunkhuyamiing.ThnhthongngLchonginhngdn
chngtiithmccthngcnhtiLtnhthcCamLy,hThanTh,nhLmVin,ngimngNguynHuHov.v...
MthmngTrnVnLnhncintncachnhphTrnTrngKimthngbosbnhimthiuyinhXunThc(emcalutgiainh
XunQung,ngisaunythamgiachnhbinNhyD11/11/1960ochnhngDim)gichcTrngtyVphngkimtlnhBoanbn
tnhccNamTrungKtrcthucngL.ChngtitholunvinhaurinhintrlictithaythinhXunThctrongchcvny.
nghnycHumauchngchpthunchtrongmyngy,vtiangcmttichvnhtlthiuyPhanTLng,mtngchccati,
anggichcTngchhuyBoanTrungK.
Sauny,ngLnhncnghnhchnhthcvhsbinhschcati,trongcmttiliucasmtthmTrungKccaPhpviliph:
"AprisuneparttrsactivedansunmouvementpolitiquecontraireauxintrtsdelaFranceenIndochine,arevldecefaituncharactresournois
dautantplusdangereuxquilesttrsintelligent.Aarrteretsurveillertroitement".(thamdrttchccvomtphongtrochnhtringcli
viquynlincPhptingDng,iuchngtngskhngnhnggiangiomlicnnguyhimnavngsrtthngminh.
Thnhphncnphibtgiamvkimsotchtch).Vnbittittrc,bygilicchscati,ngTrnVnLcmthyvuimng
vphnkhilmvtnaycthmmtngivalcngsvinckhnngvalngchctinhthnyunc.Vcngchnhnhliphphn
camtthmTrungKmmythngsau,khiVitMinhcpchnhquyn,tikhibbtgiammcnctrngdng.CnngLKhng,sau
nydithinhtCngHamangcpbcit,lcbygilmtTrungsBoanphcvdiquyntitiLt.
ngDimliLtchonuthngTmthquytnhtrliSiGn.Buichiataygiangvtithtbun,mingimttms,mtms
nocngclinhncnsnggivaquacatchcvcnguphnnhcitnglaivnhcanhngngyspti.ngncnkhuynti
nngignsckhevhnsgpliHuninginhPhCammtigpnglnunm1942,khingcnanglmlnhtlcquanca
phongtrothnNhtnghKNgoiHuCng.Xecangkhutsaurngthngmticnngngnngvnhngbnrncabuichialy,
khngbittrccrngcucchiatayhmlimuchochuingylaolcalnhtmnhvchonhngsnggithicucyativo
nhngbinngmulacacucchintranhPhpVit19451954.
Nhvylchtrongbanmngtngho,t1942n1945,tmtqunnhnmangrtnhiunctnhcmvchnhtrtrongmtmisinhngtngt
vnn,tinhnhngchuynngcathithvquyttmcachnhmnhcuicngcgianhpvomttchcutranhchot
ncv,ringcnhn,chnhxnhmtchinskintrvlintcutranhchoquhng.
NhimvmidndttiisutminTrungnghonncnci.Cngtcmitoranhnglinhthntnhviccnhnvtmnhiulctnh
bnghuquynlunvotnhchinhu.VcdngvvthcangNgnhDimtronggiaionny,ivitilvcdngvvthcangi
thuyntrngloliconthuyntchc,tuyngtngholnxungnhngmthmtnhngha.Nhnglilmcbnvchnhtrdokhnngu
tranhyukmcanggyratuyckotheonhngvlmtlittchc,nhngcuicng,trongbuitmbitsumangmangcamtbuisng
Lt,tivntintngmnhlitvongianhcunnhtivnhngtintngvomtncVitNamcthcsclptrongtng
lai.
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NhnggiyphtmthmkhcphcmikhkhnbmtxydngtchctrcmnglimtthmPhp,nhngngythngthuithivnhc
nhntrongtritchnhtrphmDiLinh,rinhngmdinhvthngcon,nhbnxa,thngcyac...lmtngtrngkhnng
chungvtiluynthmquyttmutranhtrongti,nhchincucVitNamtruirnhnghnglplpthanhninVitNamtronggiaion
.
BanmngnngicngchtyhnhtrangchnhtrchotibcvomtcucchintranhPhpVitspmmn.
1 NguynPhcDn,CuciCchMngCng,tr.135,136.
2 TChiTrng,LchSNiChinVitNam,tr.293(vtheoliklicanhiunhnslothnhthucNguynPhctc).
3 TheoliklicacTnThtToi,nguynThngthBNghilNamtriu,bnhcbuithiuthicangNgnhDim.
4 ThivnKim,tVitTriNam,tr.488.
5 StanleyKarnow,VietnamAHistory,tr.126,127.
6 ngNguynDu,mtnhnstnhPhYn,vnlbnthnvingTrngKNguynemrutcangTrngTAnh,lnhtngiVit,
thngnchinhcTrngBiHong(thnphcaTrngKNguyn)ccchobitkhong194243khiccngNgnhDim
miraHubnchuynhptctrongvicnghKNgoiHuCng,trckhigpngDimcHongghthmcHunhThcKhng
hikin,cHunhkhuynkhngnn,chorngngDimlhngngiphongkinkhngthlmcchmng.ngNguynDuhinsng
California,M.
7 NguynVnXun,PhongTroDuyTn,tr.156.
8 ngTrnVnDnhcncngThinNhtPhngcpntrnbnnguytsanVitNamHiNgoi(s33nm1978,tr.35).
9 HoiThanh&HoiChu,ThiNhnVitNam,tr.309.
10 cpntchcngDimlcbygi,ngTrnvnHng,mtcnbHucangDim,saunyhiclinhsau(trchtNhtbo
NgiVitthNms564,ngy31/10/1985):
"...TiHu,cktnpmtsrtngthanhninyuncchiathnhtngnhm.trnhmnlimtthmPhp,cahvohotng
khnglngticccquanNhtnhToLnhS,SHinBinhtheodihnhngcaNhtcngnhchoNhtbitmihnhngchng
NhtcaPhp,nhmmcchthithcngiNhtsmltchnhquynPhpgiiphngVitNamnhNhttngtuynb.
...cccngsPhpcngnhcaNamtriu,ccnlnhkhxanhkhcaPhp,cNguctchccccngtcvinnnmichth
caPhpcur.Cngnhvymvonm1944,khimtthmPhpvynhkhmxtvnhbtcaiantrXiengKhoang(Lo)thc
cbotintrcmyngy.CcthgiinnutinhcaPhlnhSNhttiHulngIshida.
...McchhotngcacNgllidngthicthuhinnclpchoTQuc,thnhlpthchQunchLphingingnhAnh
QucviKNgoiHuCnglmvua,vmtchnhphlmthidoClmThtng.PhngphphnhngldngngiVittrongcc
cquanvnlnhPhpnidyltchnhquynPhpvisgipcaquniNht."
Ngoira,trongtcphmnghincuVitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh(Chnho,NXBVnHo),phongtroCngthnNhtBncang
DimmtnmtthnhvincnhcnlMucngcnulnnhiuln.iunymcnhinphnbcluniuvcsca
mtlinhmcvitschchorngngDimkhngthnNhtvphongtroCngkhngctht.
11 DithiNhtCngHo,lcngNguynNgcThcnlmisVNtiTokyo,ngIshidalcbygithivicBNgoiGiaoNhtBn,
cthuvolmthkchoToiSVN.Nm1964,nhnmtchuyncngduNhtBn,tcgicnnhringthmngIshida.Kli
nhngknimxa,vcuPhisNhtBntiVNthi194445khngquntrchkhongDimlclmTngThngqunngtamch
trngdngngMatsuisitanguynChhuyngnhHinbinhmthi.
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13
14
15
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
LChnhTrung,TmVDnTc,tr.2327.
Boi,LeDragond'Annam,tr.99115.
TrnTrngKim,MtCnGiBi.
PhmKimVinh,NhngBnVCiChtCaVitNamCngHa,tr.27vschiMtTngThngcaMinhBo.
Chng3
THNGTRMTRONG
CUCCHINVITPHP
Ngy 15 thng 8 nm 1945, Nht Bn tuyn b u hng sau khi hng chu hai qu bom nguyn t tiu hu hon ton hai thnh ph Hirosima v
Nagasaki.Ngy18,tingDng,BchhuyNhtBntraoquynlichochnhphVitMinhvngy23vuaBoithoiv.ChtchHChMinh
thnhlpchnhphlmthitiHNivongy19thng8,micngdnVnhThylmcvnTiCaongy2thng9nm1945,tuynbVit
Namclp.QuniAnh,diquyncatngDouglasGracey,blnSiGnngy13thng9giigiiquniNhtvsautraoquyn
lichoquniPhp.
Chtrongvngmtthngngnngi,baonhiubinctrngidndpxyratrnchintrngvchnhtrngVitNam,avnmnht
ncvomtkhcquanhnghitngmi.Trongkhi,tiLt,saukhingDimicmyhm,vtichmibtunhmchcTlnhBo
ancabntnhccNamTrungphn,thcconththanhnintithxhpihivbutilmThLnhThanhNinTinPhongLt(Thanh
ninPhanAnh)dlcVitMinhbtutringihotngmnh.CsaovngvtruynnkuginidychngNhtvPhpriy
thnhph,mtvivbongvnguntinscnhcngbithcnglmchokhngkhthxthmcngthng.
utunlthnhcathngchn,VitMinhcpchnhquyntiLtbngmtcucbiutnhrmr,vydinhTngcbtngTrnVnLgii
vHu,cntithhgilitiaphngiutrabtc.VathotkhingcPhpcmythngtilibcvocangcVitMinh.
Trongcclnthmvn,tiquytnhkhaihtsthtvnghrng"vngthtsgla",tilngithttmyunc,nuclmvictrongh
thngqunicaPhpthchngquacnglvthithbtbuc,nuctronghthnghnhchnhcaNhtthchngquacnglvhoncnh,
minrngtmvchcamnhkhngthnTyvngNht.DuycvicthamgiamtphongtrochngPhpthticcngdutchccamnhcng
nhiucngtt,nhtldanhtnhccngch.
Lcbygi,tichabitMtTrnVitMinhdongCngSnchoviungmchbithnhmttchccchmngln,cpchnh
quynnhchphongkin,chngthcdnPhpvphtxtNhtchoclp,tdo,hnhphccatondnVitNam.Chonnmtmt
no,tuybgiamcmvtngc,tivnyntmvcnctrngchngychphngthchtrvHu.Qunhin,chhnmttunlsau,
ticmilnmtvnphngtrngnghonghnphnglykhucungthngl,vchobitvhscnhncatischs,tthnphmu
uthucgiaicpnhosvsn,vhsbinhschcatibphlchotngchngPhpnntichthvili"yucu"liLthp
tcvichnhquyncchmngaphng.
TintcSiGnavchobittnhhnhrtsingvqunPhp,saukhicquniAnhtraoliquynquntr,cptcthitlpccnv
tcchintilptrtttiSiGnvmrngvngnhhngratonbNamk.ChnhquynVitMinhtiLtvitchckhncphaitiu
onVQucQun.MttiuoncgiaochoNguynLng,ngiQungNgi,nguynlthktoSLtnhngclthamgiaVit
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Minhttrc,chhuyvtiuonthhaicgiaochotiiukhin.TrongtiuonthnhtnycncngTnThtnhlmuvinchnhtr
trungivngPhmngTi(ngTisaulmBNgoigiaothiNhtCngHovhinsngMonterey,HoaK).
VqunPhpangmmutinvminTrungvnhchimcctnhCaoNguynTrungphnnnngVNguynGip,lcbygilBtrngNi
vtrongchnhphHChMinh,vicmumtphionqunchnhlnLtthamquantnhhnhvchonhngchthcnthit 1.Chngti
clnhdnqunchungquanhtrsUBanHnhChnhTnhvgianhpphionntipngVNguynGip.KhingGipn,trongphi
ontutng,tithyccThiuuPhanTLng(vnlTngchhuyBoanTrungkvlmtngchtrongtchcngDim)bygili
dinchoUBanQunSTrungBcaVitMinhtiHu.ThyLng,tibnghong,nhngcnggitnvginmtaylncaocho,nhngLng
chmmciknoritrlivatinghe:"Viccbht,ngnhclina".
TuyclnnghengDimkchuynngGipnthmnginhPhCamvtuycnghetingtmcangGiptlu,nhngylln
utintitrctipgpngta.Tikhngngngtacnqutrvphongcchthnhmtbchdinthsinhchatngdinngdmsng.Mc
dlcbygitikhngngquanimviVitMinhnhngvnchacgchngithnghchnntrongthmtmtithongcmtchtcm
phcvthovnhnvtnghngtrtuinhngticaochlnny.
ngGiplmBtrngNivnm32tuitrongmtchnhphclpcamtqucgiathngnhttiNamQuannmiCMu,trongkhingi
nghngcangtalngDim,cngnm32tui,lmThngthBLichomttriunhphongkinbnhncamtxBohTrungk.So
snhtuycthongquartnhanhtrongcti,nhngtrongbuigpgngGiptitrsyBanHnhChnhLt,hnhbngcangDimvi
baoknimcvncscmnhnhcihplchohngcangGip.
ngVNguynGipsinhnm1912,qulngAnX,huynLThu,tnhQungBnh,cchlngiPhongcangDimchchaiconhi.Hc
trngtiuhcLThurivoHuhctrunghctrngKhinh,ngGipnitingthngminhvthuclngsPhplnsVit.ngthuc
tngchititvcuci,snghipvnhngtrnnhcaNPhLun.TitrngKhinh,mcdlhcsinhtrunghcnhtcpmngvn
cgiosSaPhpmithuyttrnhsPhpchohuhtgiosvhcsinhtontrngnghe.ngcchsmnhtnhtnhvnnghv
nhmangttngcchmngcachsPhanBiChu.Mi14tui,nggianhp"TnVitCchMngng",thamdphongtrobikho
tangchochsPhanChuTrinh.Nm1930,nhnnhngvnilonNghAn,ngbmtthmPhpTrungkbtgiamvolaoThaPh,Hu.Sau
mythngtrongt,nhlikhaithtinncGimcSChnhtrPhTonquynlMartycanthiptrtdo.ngGipcMartynng
gipchovotrngtrunghcPhpAlbertSarrautHNi.(TheotithvicuhngSChnhtrcathcdnchlsuhnggitr,su
hngcngCngSnngDngchophpvtchc,vlcbygingGiptrngtlutinhgiosngThaiMai,mtng
vinCngSn).Tronglccnlhcsinh,ngGipcngtcvingPhmVnngtrntboPhpng"LePeuple'.Tiptclnihc,ng
thicnhnLutkhoanm1937.iubunciltrongkthicnhnlut,ngGiphontonhngmnQucTCngPhpnhngnhmn
kinhtchnhtrc18imtrn20,nnmikhibnhrt.cnhnxong,ngdytrngThngLong,vnlmtmitrngtttruyn
bchnghaMcXttrongmbnbvsinhvin.Nm1945,saukhicpcchnhquyn,cngandiquynngGipsthichnhvhiu
trngtrngThngLonglgiosTnThtBnhvbtchavcangBnhlThngthPhmQunhemithtiu.
Chintranhthgiibngn,ngGipthotlygianh,vsngmtmnhVinh,riluivobngtihotngbmt.Ngivcnglmtchin
scchmngbbtnm1941,bktnchungthnkhsaivchttronglaot,saungiemgivcngbtratnvchttikhmlnSiGn.
ThmcnhgianhcnglmchongtathmthhnngiPhp,ngbntrnquaTuvnghenictheohcmtlpqunstiDinAn.Ti
TrungHoa,ngGipgpccngHChMinhvPhmVnngttrlnmttrongnhngnhnvttiquantrngcangCngSnng
Dng.
Nm1944,ngGiptchcdnthiusvngVitBcvoccidukchqun,vktnpcngChuVnTnthucdnthius,vtuylmt
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Nm1944,ngGiptchcdnthiusvngVitBcvoccidukchqun,vktnpcngChuVnTnthucdnthius,vtuylmt
CaiLnhdng,nhngngTntrthnhmttrongnhngtnglnhgiicaCngsnsauny.ngGiplchacaChintranhDukchvca
QuniNhndntiVitNam.SaukhiVitMinhcpchnhquyn,ngGipccoinhnhnvttrngyuthnhcaVitMinh,saungHCh
Minh.TheoBernardFallthtkhichintranhPhpVitmmnchonngyCngSntonthng,vitcchlTngtlnhquniVitMinh,
ngGipchphmlilmchinlccmtlntrongtrntncngVnhPhcYn,ngTriuvNinhBnh(btngDeLattredeTassignynh
bi),vtuyrtthngminhnhngvnlngithcmtmnhvvngtachquansauchinthngCaoBng,ngs4.Tvsau,ngGip
lunlunchinthng.TrongsutbnnmucacucchintranhPhpVit,ngchodukchaphngcmchntiuhaolclngvinchinh
Php,mchnlctchcvhunluynqunchnhquytivngnirngVitBcvtiphaNamTrungHoa.2
ThnphcangVNguynGiplngVNghim,nguynlmtthkcatyHnhChnhtnhQungBnhthiphongkin,chmCuphm
vngiaichonnthngcgilngCuNghim.GianhngCuNghimlgianhtiutsn,crungchothuvctinchovay.Ngi
congiulngcangCuNghimlychnglmtqunlnhKhvsngthnqu.HaingicontraicangCuNghimlVNguyn
GipvVThunNho,ngcli,utheoVitMinhvulnhngnhnvtstmu.ngVThunNhogichcUVinTPhptnhQung
Bnh,khiVitMinhcpchnhquynnm1945xtnhiungi.TrcnhngVNghimcmtbcbnhphongktbngnhngcychct
hnhmtconcp,milngithi,cpchlayngtheobngmlmnhiungiiquatrngthyphigitmnh.Nm1947,khiqunPhpb
lnQungBnh,ngVNghimbbtemvgiamlaoThaPh,Hu.ngtachttronglaovcchntinhngkhngbitlmsaom
hictcVitMinholnvdichuynnmtchbmtkhc,clemvchnQungBnh.
SkinngVNguynGipphinthstLtvvngTyNguynnilntnhcchnghimtrngcatnhhnhminNamvCaonguynlc
bygi.SaucucthstcangVNguynGip,ticchthcaUBanHnhChnhKhngChinLtemtiuonbtrtngoithnh
phnDran(nDng),cmttrungicangTBCamtHuvotngcng.(ngTBCamsaunylitKhngqun,hintiu
bangWashington).Tiuongm500binhsnhngvkhulloivkhccaPhpvNhtli,holcchnhcatiuonlbakhulin
thanhkiuFM19241929.ChlccatiuongmmtslnhKhxanhcckinhnghimtcchin,nhngphnlncnlitonlthanhninmi
gianhp,chachunluyng.TnhtrngtiuonnhthmtiphinguvicuctncngcalinqunAnhPhpNht,cymtr
bimtchiithitgip.
Saukhitholunvichnhtrvincatiuon,tiquytnhtrnhngtrcdinvikth,chtmcchcmchnhaygimthiusctinca
chbotonnvvchbchhuyLtcthgitritthoi.pdngkthuthonvccii,tichobatlinthanhdichuyntcao
imnyncaoimkhccavngininDng,bmtheotincakthmphckchtncng.Dnhinholcyukmcachngti
chlmchochchuynqunchmhnvgythithikhngngk,chkhngthnocmchnhaycngphcsctincaonthitgip.
Saumtngymtmvanhvali,cuicngtiralnhbchintrngnDng,rtqunvNinhThun.Vihn300binhscnli,tiv
bchhuytiuonbngrngvminniphaTytnhPhanRangvlpchinkhuvngBaRu.
Tiy,theolnhcaUBanKhngChinTrungUng,ticlnhmnhngcuctkchquniPhptotnhtrangbtanninhtrongvng
vcmchnnhngnvnykhngthtngphivccmttrnkhc.Saunanm,tnhtrngcatiuontrnnnguykch,thiundc,
thiuthcphm,thiuthucmen,binhscaticngngycngmtkhnngcngnhtinhthnchinu.Bclpvphihontontlcttc
mi mt, ti khng tm ra c phng th no chn chnh li sc mnh ca n v ang cng lc cng ri vo tnh trng t lit. vy, thnh
thongccchnhtrvinVitMinhnthanhtrachinkhuligaygtphbnhvlnnnhngnhcimcachngtimkhngnghmtbin
phpgiiquytnoc.
ngthi,quanhngsinhhothngngy,tibtuphthinravaitrquytnhvyuthcangCngSnngDngngsaumt
trnVitMinh,mtvaitrkhngnhngginhcquynchocuckhngchinchngPhpmcnginhcquynquntrtncngaytby
44/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trnVitMinh,mtvaitrkhngnhngginhcquynchocuckhngchinchngPhpmcnginhcquynquntrtncngaytby
gicngnhtrongtnglai.Tnhcquyn,ngayctronggiaionkhngPhpmnhucuonktlmtnhucutiquantrng,vncth
hinquanhngvthanhtrngccnhnvtvlclngkhngCngSn.
Vabcmnhvthivtrchnhimcachnhu,vabtulosvmuscchnhtrkhngCngSncamnh,vnhtlvanhnhsau
hnhainmtribinbitkhila,nnvomtbuichiun,tirikhichinkhuBaRu,trnravngbinNinhCh,givlmthngdntnc
thughevTuyHottmngvqu.RanTuyHo,khngngtilitmtrtinhmtvcucngchcNamtriunncbitmt
stintcvngDim.
NguynsaukhiVitMinhcpchnhquyntiNamb,ngDimlintheongbriSiGnvHu.CngivingcngVVnHiv
mtngchtrtuitnlBo.nNhaTrangthngbVitMinhbtginhngnhksngPhcThnganglmvictyHoXavmttrung
uhinbinhNhtcanthipnnctrtdo.Snghmsau,ngtiptccuchnhtrnhchviBo,nhngchailibVitMinhchnbttisng
Cu.RingngVVnHi,vngquntinhngiquentiNhaTrangnnthotkhi.
Saugnhaitunlchvtmtonngkhngn500cys,lcthibngthuyn,lcthxeho,lcxehng,cuicngtitchn
ctiHu.
TinginhPhCam,timibittinngDimbVitMinhbtemraBckhngbitsphnnhthno,cnngNgnhKhivngicontrai
cnhtcanglNgnhHuncngbbtvingPhmQunhvsaubthtiutimtaimphaBctnhThaThin.Mtslnng
chcati,trongcNguynTnQu,kthbbtgiamvolaoThaPh,kthbgiamginhngtritbmtxathnhphHu,cngilib
thtiumttch.
VHumtinhlclngnmtvngtxal.CngthnhquchsoibngncsngHngmmng,cngcuTrngTinsuvimihai
nhp,cngtingchungchaThinMngnvang,cnhcvnmngixaucn.NgncsaovngngonghtungbaytrnkiNg
MnlmolndntnhxHu.Nhndntv,VQucqunangsonsachicucgiaotranh,dnchnganglolngtncv
vngthnd.CngdnVnhThurai,kinhthnhtrnggi,itrang,cknhxakia,naybinthnhmtquhnglylon.Mynmsau,c
bithcaVHongChng,tivcngthnphcthinhnlttcmtcchthntnhnhngthayicaCvtmtrngcanhngcon
ngivnnnglnghoic:
MtgnhgmntiC,
MalinsngtnhtngvoNg.
Bmleocakhuytaingra,
Rnglnmythnhchngthym.
Lngmiutnhchahncumng,
Vngsonpnhbcd.
TingchungThinMringhoicm,
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Ttvocunglonthc.
SaukhiHumyhmdlathmtintcvaunchpnhnmtthctikhclitltchctan,lnhtbbt,thclon,tiquyt
nhriHutrvliqulngThNgocati.
TrnitDu(nm1945)khngkhipvncnhninntauthngkinhhongtrntnglungtcalngxm,trnmikhunmtcabcon:
mmngnngangmcynglmloanglnhngmrungntn,bconchcnxngbcdathtthuitmnhautrongtuytvng.Chc
cnbVitMinhvNhndntv,taysngtaydao,hunghnghnhxquynlmchmtixnitingvnhc,nhophongcangyxa.
Gplingivngyxamnmivtrngimivaigynhonxungvscnngcanhmongvcathintai,gplihaiacontraicm
citaylmchnbnanganhngmutvlngtrnchicchiulxxc,lngtinhqunli.Titngh,chhngvsnghipcamnh
dangdmVitMinhthbygilixemmnhnhthnhphntnghptcviPhp,cucsngtnglaichcchnsvnphnbpbnhnguy
him.
Bdnvttrongtmtrng,tibngithi"gpthithththiphith',chtrngsinhhotnhmtkanphnththnglonuivdy
con,vnqucccbnhnvicmchungchoquacnbotchngytriquangmytnh.
Nhngngianhvcati,ngNguynBMu,vnbtkhut,lunlunmangucqutcng,cngvimtsngvinVitQucthnhlp
mttchcikhngliviVitMinh,tmcchbtlinlcvinhngngphiqucgiangoiBc.ngktnpnhngthnhphncuhol,
qunnhn,cngchcchcgmngicnglngvnhnglnglncn,trongchaingianhrutvanhrcati.Nhngchngmaym
mubbil,ngNguynBMucngmtsngvinVitQucbbanmstcaVitMinhangmnchtungaytinh.Ngianhr,
mtngianhrutvtibbtlnchinkhuTrungThun,mingibemgiammtch.
TrongkhitinmmngythngmnmitriquatrongngctcaVitMinhthtnhhnhchnhsbnngoivnbinchuynsing.Vocui
thng5nm1946,ngHChMinhiPhpthamdhinghFontainebleauiunhviPhpchonthng9mitrvvimtbn"modus
vivendi'vcchptckinhtchmdtccvxungt.ThngSucngnm,cThierryd'Argenlieu,CaoyPhptingDng,vi
phmthockktvinhautthngBa,tuynbthnhlpmtchnhphttrchoNamk.Ngy23thng11,trcmuthunquynlikhng
ththohipcvtrongthsngmiqunsmtmtmtcn,ccchinhmcaPhpticngHiPhngbtuphovothxvqun
vothnhphhnhquntinvHNi.QuniVitMinhrtvbovthnhngntunlthnhcathng12thquytnhbtrngH
Nichoccnvthanhninchngtr,ngHChMinhdnbthammuvchlcchnhquyrtvVitBclpchinkhu,mmnchocucchin
tranhPhpVit.
Thng6nm1947,btctintnhbochohaymtnvqunPhpangngQungKh(sngGianh)sphihpvimtnvkhcng
tilngCnggioanSatichimBan,mtvtrchinlcnmngaycachnhmvomtkhucah,VitMinhbnthtiuhtnhngt
nhnmchngcholnguyhimangbcmt.Canhrutlnanhrcatiubsthitrongquytnhtncny.Haiccchtmnh
tirtsumtrongsutcuciutranhcatisauny.
RingtivmtsanhemCnggiokhcangbbitgiammttritdichnnioNgang,kpthiphttrnthotctrongngt
ktc.Tidavobngmvmentheongrng,mmmvclngctrongbmt.Nhngchmyhmsau,trnhtaihochogianh,
vomtbuitimalnot,nhnlilncuihaiacontraiangmnhaungvitrongmanhchiurch,hnvvmchtacontraith
bavamisinhchaithng,tililmlirai,rilngvongHi.Maxinngntrnmitranhxcxcanginhnhncmtca
ngivhintinchngraingtngnvnghipdutranh...
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ngivhintinchngraingtngnvnghipdutranh...
VonngHi,angbvchabitslinlcviaitmliccngchcthtnhcgpcngHongVnTon,lcbygianglm
TngthkcatoHnhchnhtnh,cnglmtthnhvintrongtchccangDimngyxa.ngchobitngTrnVnL,hinanglmCh
tchHingChpChnhTrungphn,ralnhphitmkimtiphtrchnvBoVQuntnhQungBnh.TibncptcvoHugpng
tchichcvChhuytrngBoVQunvtrnhbythngnhcativutinhunluynmttnglpcnbchnhtrquns.ngL
ngvtholincngvnchotnhtrngQungBnhlngNguynHuNhnvvicthitlpmtkhohunlunqunsvchnhtrdotiph
trch.
TrongdpgpringngLngoigilmvic,tihithmtintcvngDimvcbitrngsaukhibbtSngCu,ngDimbemraBcc
lpmtvngrngniVitBcchonunm1946,nhgimmcLHuT,lcbygianglcvntngiocangHChMinh,canthip
nnngctrtdo.SaungDimvHNitinhthdngChaCuThNamngmtthigianrikhithlnCaoNguynsngviv
chngngNgnhNhutiLt,khithxuiminNamsngvigimmcNgnhThctiVnhLong.VvicngDimbbt,cmtsboch
vschvCnLaochorngtrckhicphngthchtThiNguyn,ngDimtchilimithamgiahptcchnhphHChMinh,vng
HphithngDimrasau.NhngtheongHSKhu(tcphmHChMinh,NgnhDimvMtTrnGiiPhng,tibnlnthnht)
thngDimb"giamlngtrongbnhvinLannessan(HNi)doccbSoeurstrngcoi.mTngkhingha19/12/1946,ngHvVitMinhphi
nguvitnhthcpbchmbqunngDimtiHNitrongbnhvinny.Nhth,ngDimthotkhitayngH".
Ngoira,ngLcngchobitCuHongBoihinHngKngvtrthnhmt"giiphp"chochaingDimvL.Khngnhcctchc
caNguynPhctcnghBoiphchinnqunchc,haingDimvLnghBoitinnmtchqunchlphin.
TheongTrnVnLthchnylmtthchtrungdunggiachqunchphongkinlithivchCngHoTyphngcnqu
milviqunchngcngnhtruynthngchnhtrVitNam.Nhngdsaoth,theong,tithiuVitNamcngphicmtquichnhDominion
milikocnhndnVitNamrakhihplccaHChMinhmvviBoi.CngcnphinirthmnhBernardFallmtthng
Dimlngicucphongkin,quanli,ch,chmunbovmtnnqunch.Chonnm1955,vvotnhtrngtranhchpviBoi
vmuncquynhnhthttoln,ngmichtrngthnhlpnnCngHolmmtnhcti3.
iviti,chnlanyrtphhpvitthchnhtrvbnchtutranhcanhngnginhngDimvngL,vnlnhngvquanlic
sinhravlnln,rilicthnghoatronghthngphongkin,nhnglicvachmvinhngnhchTyphngtrongvtrcamtvin
chc cng quyn. La cch mng lt xc mt cch trit v ton din, dt khot hon ton vi qu kh khng th c c trong cc ng.
Chnhmtcngsvinthntncang,sunmsaungyngblt,nhnlikhongthigianlmvicchungvingcngphphnnhsau:
"NhngngNgnhDimkhngphilngictmlchnhtrmimnhvy.Sinhtrngtrongmtgianhtriuthn,cototheonp
giodcctruyn,richnhnglithanghipnhmthnhNguyn:hnngkhngphnhnnhngmilinlctinhthngiavuativthytr
thutrc.ChngclkhngthyaibtbuchnngvngNhustrungthnhngicngs.Trungthnhliukinutincttrnc
tinng"4.
Tuynhnnhnhvy,nhnglcbygi,iviti,thchtnglaichaphilmiquantmhngumchnhsxydngmttchcvng
mnhvimtingcnbkintrmilyutquantrngkhiuiTyi,ginhcclpthvncnscm"sngmi"vilclngVit
MinhcangHChMinh.Llunnginvchcnchnhth,nntimcnhngvnthchchoccvnanhnhngDimhayngL,
cnmnhthchxthnhotngtrongphmvicamnh.
TitrlingHilmvicdiquyncangTnhtrngNguynHuNhniukhinmtlpotocnbgn40khosinh,mnidung
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TitrlingHilmvicdiquyncangTnhtrngNguynHuNhniukhinmtlpotocnbgn40khosinh,mnidung
ginghungmchaiphnchnhtrlnquns,nhmmcchxydngcilinhnsutinchomtnvqunchnhtnglai.
gnmtthngsau,nhnchuynikinhlngHi,ngTrnVnLcghthmlphunluynvtrartngcnhinvnhngtinbv
thnhqucakho.CngivingcncksLThNgc(hinnayangM),lcbygilUVincaHingChpChnh,vngTrn
TrngSanh,mtlnhtVitQuctiHuanglmGimcCnganTrungphn(hinM).
Songsongviviciuhnhlphunluyn,tibtutchclitcnbnphongtronghngDimtrongaphngcamnh,cbitlgy
dnglihthngnhnschotchc.VngHilcangmralinkhuTnhngcnglcathotchoccphntqucgiamunribVit
Minh"vt",nntithnhlpmtbphnchchuyniunghinktnpccphntny.
HotngcatidknobaonhiunhngcuicngcngkhngthotkhiimtnghingcamtthmPhp.Nghingbinthnhthi
iphkhihquytnhbttivbangchctcncatchclckhohunluynspktthc.ThlngHiu(trngtyCngantnhQung
Bnh),ngngPhc(mtngibconcangDim),ngPhmngTiquntrngqunLThy(hinM)vtibphngNhPhppvo
nhringtngngibtgiam,vsaugiivphngiutracaphngNhPhptiHu.
Maymnthay,nhcngchkpthithngbo,ngTrnVnLvicanthipngayvitngLebris,angvalUVinCngHo,valTlnh
quniPhpminTrung,nnchngtictrtdo.
Cuithng12,BoikthngcochungviCaouEmileBollaert,chunbchoVitNamclptrongLinhipPhp.Tiquytnhchuynt
utranhbmtsangutranhcngkhai.Quytnhnyphtxuttbaldortrrng:Trcht,trongkhungcnhutranhchnhtrlcby
gi,vnbiudnglclngxcnhshindinvslnmnhcatchcrtcnthitthnhlcntomtscsqunchnga
tchcdalngvonhndnvcuicnglcnhntivmtsngchngnocngchsvcngbmtthmPhptheodiri.
Mtcquanngnlunvacchcnngthngtintuyntruyn,vacnhimvutranhlhnhthcthchhpnhtvcthtrlicbaiu
kintrn.TibnbnvianhPhanXng,ngibntrikcati,quytnhchoraitunboTingGi.Tilmchnhimkimchbt,cnanh
XngthlmTngthktosonvishptccaanhNguynVnChun(saunylthiutng,vhinM)vNguynKhng(saunyl
it,vhinPhp).Bnngichngtilchlcphtrchphnbivnilnnglicatbovlophniuhnh,nhngbivkhcc
nidungvnnghnhngphhpvichtrngcatbothdomtsnhvncHucmivit.
LcbygiHuchaitbokhc:nhtboQucGiacaMtTrnQucGiaLinHip,docuThngthTrnThanhtchtrng,vbn
tunsanLngdn,tingnibnchnhthccaHingChpChnhTrungK,dongVNhNguyniukhin.Haitbonyclptrng
chnh tr rt r rt l chng Cng Sn v c xu cho gii php Bo i. Tun bo Ting Gi ca chng ti, ngoi lp trng chng Cng, cn ch
chngutranhchngthcdnquc,nghnglivcnhnngNgnhDim.
Nm1948mmnvinhngvnngsinitiHngKng,ningBoitrng.TrcsthnhhnhminhnhincagiiphpBoi,tivit
mtbiquanimnylakugingBoinnchpthunlptrngvchtrngcangNgnhDim.Chchcabibolvagii
thiuthnthvsnghipcangDimviqunchngngo,vachngminhrngmtlptrngcngrntronggiaionnylthchng
nhtchovnmnhtnc.Stiptheo,s8,tilivitmtbinhanConchbnmcPhanBiChu,kchvlnngtgaothi
ngoanccathcdnPhpangtinhnhchnhschtilpnnh.BinylictQucGiacaMtTrnQucGiaLinHiptrchng
y.
Myngysau,tronglcangcngvianhemtosonchunbrastiptheothnhnctinsLimPhngPhpspbttimtlnna.ng
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Myngysau,tronglcangcngvianhemtosonchunbrastiptheothnhnctinsLimPhngPhpspbttimtlnna.ng
TrnVnLliphicanthipvitngLebristikhivot,nhngtTingGithbthuhigiyphp,ngcavnhvin.Sautmstung
honhngangdc,tTingGinhimting,nhnglikugicanvncnvangvngtronglngmtsngidncbak.Tithanhtoncch
scndangd,thuxpbnghvdngcribingingcatosonvirtnhiucmxc.PhanXnglnngiLtvSiGn.
Cuithngba,MttrnQucGiaLinHipvnngctchcngTrnVnLvthnhcngtrongvicthaythngLbngngHXunHitrong
chcvChTchHingChpChnhTrungK(nhiuschVitng 5vngoiquc,sauny,sailmkhivitrngngDimllnhtcaMt
TrnQucGiaLinHiptiHu.Thtra,mttrnnyxemngDimvngLlnhngithquantrng).
nthngNmthgiiphpBoithtsthnhhnhvisraicaChnhPhTrungngLmThitiSiGndongNguynVnXunlm
Thtng,vngPhanVnGio,mtcngsvinthntncangBoi,tHngKngvHumnhnchcvTngtrnTrungphn.
ngPhanVnGionguynlmtdcsThanhHovtnglbnthnvingNgnhDimvngNguyn.ngbVitMinhbtgiam
gnmtnmri,khirakhit,nglinquaHngKngcngtcviCuHongBoi.ngGiolmtchnhtrgianhnxathyrng,hotbt,
lanhli,vrtbnhdn.ivibinhsvcnbdnsthngphitrctipiuvihimnguy,ngcoihnhbconruttht,thnggip
tinbcmikhihtngthiu.Thnhthongngihnhqunvibinhs,nglimvihnhngtinnholnhxaxi.
VHunhmchcTngtrn,vicutincangltinhnhvictchcvxydngmtquniqucgiatiminTrungmngcthamvng
sthaythquniPhp.ngxiniuNguynNgcL,lcbygianglmvictrongquniPhp,vgichcTlnhiqunqucgiam
ngttnlVitBinhon.TheongGio,VitBinhonlV.B..ngmlvua"VuaBoi","VBoi",hay"ViBoi".iuNguyn
NgcLdcpsthucquniPhpnhnglmtphntqucgiayuncmnhvnNguynVccpntrongtcphmTun,chng
traincVit.ngL,tkhichuynquaVitBinhoncthngcpthiut,lmtngihinhu,chnthnh,ngxembinhscpdinh
anhemrutthttrongnh.
Vichtiucatthnhlputinl10.000qunnhnchoqunlcVitBinhon,ngLcrtnhiucngsvinckhnngtrongbtham
mucang.Do,tuykhngquennhauttrcnhngchvcnghenkhnngthammuvthnhtchutranhcatimngchomiti
nvhptc.Trongbuihikinutin,iulmchotingcnhinthtsvcphnnocmphclngL(vcngGio)ubittil
mtcnbnngctcatchcngDim,ithtrctipvngkcachaing,thmvnhucuqucgia,haingkhngngnngiku
gilmvicchung.
Saukhihivimtsanhem,tiquytnhnhnliduytrshindincamnhtrongmtbphntrungngcaqunitnglai.Ti
cgichcTrngPhngBa,ctrchvtchc,hunluyn,vhnhqun,ngthikimnhimchcchnhimtunboTingKn,cquan
ngnlunchnhthccaquniVitBinhon.Chainhimvnyuphhpvikhnngvsthchcati.Tithmngh:sauTingGi
yunc,bygilTingKnlnng,ulnhngtingKUtranhuc.
Chhnmtnmsau,quniVitBinhonphttrinmnhm,tinhthnchinucaovkhnngtcchinmckhhini.Tinhiua
phngchinlc,nvVitBinhonthaythccnvcaquniPhp.UytnvuythcaVitBinhoncngngycnglncaolm
choccchnhkhchngoiBccngnhtrongNamvcccpchhuyPhpitngcnhinnthnphc.Nhiukhihtchchnthnhnhng
phionnthmnghincu.
Ngy8thng3nm1949,cuhongBoivTngthngPhpVincentAuriolkthocElysebinVitNamthnhmtqucgia"clptrong
LinHipPhp",nhngQucphng,NgoigiaovTichnhvnbPhpchiphi,kimsot.
49/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
LinHipPhp",nhngQucphng,NgoigiaovTichnhvnbPhpchiphi,kimsot.
Thng4nm1949,QuctrngBoihiloansaubanmtluvongnihingoi.ngicngdubaminthmvingngbo,vHu
thmliC,thmmgivcngkTinVng.ngsungsngthytiminTrungmtqunihontonVitnam,dochnhsquanVitNam
chhuy,tinhthncngnhtcphonghngdng,gngmu,khngthuagqunichnhquiccnctintin.Cngcnnhclinmngoi,
nm1948,ngPhanVnGiaocQuctrngBoithnghmTrungtng,domtbuildinbinhlongtrngdotitchctrcluNg
MnThtngchnhphNguynVnXun,idinchoCuHongangHngKng,gnlnvaiTrungtngPhanVnGiobangisaobc.
Cnnm1949,mtchphinquim,tolntrnhbythnhtchcaVitBinhoncngdotitchctiBnThngBcvtrnsngHng,
thuhthngchcvnngithamd.Ccchnhkhch,tngt,ccnhns,thnggiatHNi,Lt,SiGn,ndchphinngo,
tochoquangcnhcmingymtngbngrnrvcng.
NcVitNam,trongtintrnhlpqucriNamtinmmangbci,vcnihn,trongchuithigianPhph,Nhtchimng,VitMinh
cpchnhquyn,chonkhiPhptrlivgiiphpBoirai,cnbath:HNi,HuvSiGn.Tyhoncnhchnhtr,tutriu
i,tunhngithaycathicucmmithnhphlnltmangvaitrthlnhochnhtr,hnhchnhqucgia.Vdnhttriuinh
LnhuL,HNilthqucgiatriuinhNguyntthiGiaLongnhtiTc,thlHuvthiPhpthuc,thlSi
Gn.Tuynhin,mithcmtctnhcth,nhHNictingltngnnmvnvt,SiGnthmangtnhnngcVinng,cnHu,
tthinhNguynnthiVitNamCngHo,ngvaitrgnvnggingcchonnvnhodntc.Hnhnhvdmcanhngtrngthi
Hng,thiHi,nhngchachin,lngtm,miuv,ni,Hongthnh,ini,VnVThnh,Tngth,DiLunng,nhngbinctrut
bimhayluyccvvuacchmng,shindincachsPhanBiChumilmnmtritiBnNg,nhngiuhminh,miy,nhng
cucaNamBnh,NamAi,hayciodimunthucangicongixHu...lnhngbiutngsngngcannvnhovtnhtdn
tc.Nuchachonhngthnhtu,nhngkttinhlthphongcnh,ccy,hoalcaxHu,hnninoht,hotnhngivicnh
vt,hohncnhnvihnvtrtonnkhthingvscsngcadntc.
Trongbicnhlchscathpnin50,trongkhiHNinhangivodvng,SiGnthangcamnhvnlnnnhnmttnglaikinh
tvthngmiphnthnh,thHuvntngtrngchosquyttmbotnvphttrinvnhodntc,kintrbmchtlytruynthngctli.
ChonnHugingvaitrtrngyutrongsphthuyquchcnichungvPhthcniring.Thkimimnhngbiamiu,litktrong
nhngngicha,thlmmtdanhbnnhngbccaotng,ghilinhngnhcnhnaunmdntcgnhchu,nhnghnhoankiudng
camtkinhgialngtm,thtasthyngaymtbctranhsinhngvvnhovtinhthncadntcVitNam.VquennghnHunh
mtbiutngbnhlng,khutchmtrongcucsngnntngibitrngdicilpvuhoictchcaxHu,cmtscsngmnhlit,dt
doanglunsiscnucmtchilvnglnphthuy,tungnohoadntc.Nhngbinclchscnicngchngminhiu
ri.
Saunhngmachinchinhlylonvibaothayiontrng,nhnglccngthayhnhbindngimutcLongTinhquacQuLy,rit
csaovngbinthnhctamtixanhtrngchophhpvinhngithayphngcnh,okptrnsnkhuchnhtr.RingdnVitNam,
timunninnhngngiVitqucgiachngCngphichpnhnthngnaubnnychintuyn,quththontontuytvngv
cchnhnghamkhnglmsngbnglnchnhnghakhi(vldonyhayldokhc,dihnhthcnyhayhnhthckhc)phicngvi
ngiPhpbovnhngmnhtquhngcntdo.ChonnstrvcavuaBoi,visraicalcvngbascnhmtbiu
tnghisinhmi,tngtrngchomtnimhyvng.
nglvuaBoicthigianlmtvvuabnhn,sngcucithhngqungi.Nhngnm1948,saunhngvnngngoigiao
khnkhotrongnhngiukinkhkhnnhtcamtkmttmtdn,yuth,ngthnhcngtrongnlctinlnmtbc,mtbcu
tuyngnnhnhngcbn,tnnmngchochgilqucgiasauny.Mtngvualtxc,thctnhgingvgitrntinhthn
calituynbbnnmtrcrng:
50/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
calituynbbnnmtrcrng:
"Trmhysinhngaivnginngcchoqucdn"v"Trmthoivthlmdnmtncclp,cnhnlmvuamtncnl"6.
Vvy,ngtrvvcnhnglclngutranhtrongncnnhnnhmtbiutngcathqucgiachngCngcangiVitNam.
Nhiuchnhkhch,nhnsyuncvchotngcchmng,trcygithitrmchnhocchngingiPhpbngthibthp
tc,naycngquytnhramtnghQuctrngBoinhccngPhanKhcSu,NguynTnHon,HongNamHng,VHngKhanh,Ng
Thcnh,NguynPhanLong...vnhiunhnvttrngyutrongccngiVit,VitQuc,hayccgiophiCaoi,HoHo.cbit,gim
mcLHuTvnlCvnTnGiocangHChMinhvtngduytrgiophnPhtDimcangitrongtth"ttr",cngtbthiny
vstnhpvngttrPhtDimvocngngqucgiadiquyncaitrcaQuctrngBoi 7.NgaycngNgnhDim,dsauny
tngxungtayhnhcngBoibngmtcuctrngcudnllng,thcnglmtThtngdochnhBoibnhim,vthng7nm
1954,khivTnThtngraHu,thcngphincungDinThtrongnithnhcHuciubiytcTCung,thnmucaQuc
trngBoi.(TmtrngcangDimvnghachthccacuctrngcudnnm1955cngonThmphntchrrngtrong
chng"hbvsuytn"catcphmNhngngychaqun).
Chonn,ltlinhngtrangsc,khchquanvnghimchnhnhnlinhngbinngcatnctrongthigianngvtinhthnbphi
vxcngchquanmbpmostht,taphicngnhnrngchnhBoitvinutinxydngnntngphpl,csqucgia,
vnidungchngCngchoccchCnghosauny.Nntng,cs,nidung,nusaunytheotnhhnhmtngtrnghaylnbi,
mpthmhayxuithvinutin,vinhnggiihncatrnghungtnclc,vncgitrkhngchiciccamtvin
utin.
Nirra,phicmtBoimicmtNgnhDim.CngnhphicmtNgnhDimthmicmtNguynVnThiutrongslintc
lunlucalptrngchngCngtnm1949chonnm1975.Sspthmbicaquyttmvlclng,ngoinhngyutkhch
quanvngoivikhc,ldongNgnhDimvngNguynVnThiu,chphnlnnhtkhngphilvkhngthldongBoi.
GiiphpBoikhaisinhraVitBinhon,tinthnchthccaQuniVitNamCngHasauny,mtiqunhontonVitNamtrn
phngdintchc,nhnsvngli.TuyngiPhplcbygicthnhlpmts"tiuonVitNam"nhngnhngtiuonnyvndos
quanPhphoctaysaicahchhuyvvnbngiVitNamkhinhbvbncht"lnhnhthu"cachng.Trili,VitBinhon,dchac
truynthngcamtquniclpludi,dcnphiphihpviquniPhpcngchinuchnglibiCngsn,thcslmt
quniqucgia(trongnghachquynvtquyt)chechvbovnhndnangktgiahailnncaVitMinhvPhp.ChnhVit
BinhonvitrngVBQucGiautinHucungcpchoqunlcVitNamCngHosaunynhngsquanchhuycptngvcp
t.CngchnhVitBinhonotoranhngchinsanhdng(saunycchnlavoLonLinBinhPhngVTngThngPhca
ngDim)vnhngcpchhuycahaison1v2cantrngngusnggiTrThin.
NhlithikchpchnghnhthnhcaVitBinhonvibaokhkhnvtrngiphikhcphc,nhlithikphttrinvngsoncaVitBinh
on vi nhng chin thng oanh lit, ti khng khi lin tng n cuTrung tng Nguyn Ngc L by gi l ngi ngn thu, v ngTrn
NguynAn(hinM)nguynThamMuTrngVitBinhon.Mtngitngtrngcholtng,tinhthnvch,mtngibiutngcho
ctchc,tiquynbinvkhnngvnngcalclngvtrangutinnycaqucgiaVitNam.Chnhhainginy,trongtnhngha
chunglnguctviti,trongnichiascngtckhkhnviti,nhhngkhnhiunconnginhbinhcatisauny.
Tuynhin,dbnrnvcngv,dtmtnhcchiasvinhngngibnmitrongcngtcchung,vdtrnmththngqungiaictrc
thucngNguynNgcLvngPhanVnGio(do,QuctrngBoi),lngtivnlunlunnghvngNgnhDimvnhnglinh
51/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thucngNguynNgcLvngPhanVnGio(do,QuctrngBoi),lngtivnlunlunnghvngNgnhDimvnhnglinh
keosnkttinhtlu,vnhtlvthcchnhtrvkinhnghimutranhthctinchotithyrngtnhhnhVitNamkhngthngngli
trongtnhtrngcamtqucgiaclpmlicncchnhquynPhpkimsot,camtqunichngCngmlicnphihpvilnhvin
chinhPhpangkhngb,tnstngboruttht.
GiiphpBoichlgiiphptmthikhaithngmtsbtcchnhtr.ShptcgiangBoivPhpchlshptcgiaion,kt
qucamtthchnhtrclichochaibn,do,khngsmthmun,mtgiiphpkhcsphiraichophhpvitnhhnhquctvs
edocnglccngnguyhimcangCngSntronglngcuckhngchincaVitMinh.Giiphpkhcphitnntngtrnchquyn
qucgiacangiVitmthhinutinvrrngnhtlquniqucgiaphihontonthucvmtchnhphVitNam.Tisuyngh(v
cm)rnggiiphplgiiphpNgnhDim.
Vth,tkhitrliHuvocuinm1948,titiptcnsinhhotnginhPhCam,ningNgnhCnang,cngvimtsanh
emtholunnhngkhochchnhtrnhmnghchongDim.
ngNgnhCnlmtngiccungcchvtcphongginghtmtvinchnhtngcaminquBcVit.Chnigucg,mcobbala
trng,mingnhaitrunhpnhpnhngniphtrchthngvlikhinhngi.ViaingCncnggilthngn,thngkia,ngaycvingBo
i.ngCnchtrchvchbaittcccngphivthnghuynhhoangborng"bniVit,VitQuccnmitilmlnhtnhng
"bn"chnglmnntrtrnggnntitchi".ngCnctingnirrngvcpmtrtsc,ilngmyrmvhixchlntheocitng
canhngngihimc,dmlmnhngvictobo.SungicontraicangNgnhKhaicnghchnhthnhtivcsnghip,chring
ngCnmihcnlpbatiuhcthvhamchimtngangvichchnh.Cngvthmkhilnln,ngCnchlovicngng,chmsc
bcthnsinhvphtrchccvicquan,hn,tang,ttrongginghNgnh.
Tnm1948,mtphnvtchcbtanrttrcvphnkhcvngDimkhngcmtthngtrctiHu.nnscnbckhngcnlibao
nhiungi,chthathtcccngVNhNguyn,TrnVnHng,NguynVinh,vti,vnlnhngngchccangDimtthitin1945.
Dndn,nhnlcphttrincachngtivnhtlnhcmtsngithccrnggiiphpBoichaphilmtgiiphpludi
giiquytdtkhotvtonbvnVitNam,nnhlngnhli"lbi"NgnhDim,vmunlinhvichngtinhmtlithotchnhtr
trb,dohcngnsinhhotvnghchngti.NhmnycccngNguynnDuyn,TnThtTrch,PhmVnNhu,TrngVnHu,
PhngNgcTrng,NguynVnng,BiTun,HunhHuHin...LinhmcNguynVnThnhthucdngChaCuThHu,cngthngluiti
nginhPhCamymtrvtheoditnhhnh.
SlngnghngDimcngngycnggiatng,phnnglcclinhmcvnhngngitheoCngGio.Tuynhin,chonngyngDimv
nc(vonm1954),slngchhn30ngikhpbntnhmintrungTrungphn.ngTrnin(saunylnghsQucHithiNh
CngHo)vngNguynTrn(saunylTnhtrngNhaTrangdithingDim)cngthnhthongnnhngNgnhCn,nhnghaing
nychngycmtnhvnghengngtnhhnhchkhngphithcsnghngDim.ngTrnin,vmtmtcbconvingHThc
K(mtlnhtiVitminTrung),mtkhclcngsvinthntncangTrnVnL,lickhinhbngCnnnkhngthctmngh
cnngNguynTrn,vcmccmlmtcutriphthamnhngcaNamTriubhhidntch,licxuhngthnPhp,nnkhngdmhot
ngchogiiphpNgnhDim8
ngTrnVnL,vnlmtngchkcucangDim,trongthiklmChtchHingChpChnhgiptinbcngDimtiu
dngvchiphviciliHngKnggpgCuhongBoi.NhngtkhingCnthytchccaanhmnhbtusnglivcngngycng
phttrinmnhthmthbtucthikhinhthngngL,chonnktthng3nm1948,khingLmtchcChtchHingChpChnh
52/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phttrinmnhthmthbtucthikhinhthngngL,chonnktthng3nm1948,khingLmtchcChtchHingChpChnh
thhaigianhkhngcnlinhgvinhauna.CcngDim,Nhu,vgimmcThcclvnghelidmphavxigiccangCnnncng
chmdtmitngquanvingL.
ThibygiHu,ngCncngkhaibytscmthividcsNguynCaoThng,vgilVitgian,vlun,vngThnglbngiaotnh
caThhinPhanVnGio,ngimngCnthght.ngNguynCaoThngcnltaychnthntncaThtngNguynVnTmvli
dinththuyncangTmtiTrungphn.NhngldochnhvsuknnhtmngCnthhnngThnglvngnythngcngkhaigi
ngCnl"hngnhaitru,datntuicachaanhmlmtng,hngchnhtngmilmlnht..."ngCncntuynbvianhemchngti
lhcchnhquyntrongtaythngiutinHumngtachtulNguynCaoThng.(Cuinm1954,khingDimlmThtng,
tclngCn"cchnhquyntrongtay",ngbnralnhchonhmLQuangTung,TrnThinmlunvonhringcangTrnVnLv
vonhthuccangNguynCaoThngngTrnHngo.ngTrnThihinsngM).
Tnm1948,ccngThc,Dim,vNhuthnhthongvHuthmbcthnsinh.Cmilnnhvy,nhtlkhichnhngDimv,chngti
litchccccucgpgtrongvngngchvthnhutholunvtnhhnhchnhtr,tnhhnhchinsvcckhochcnphtng.V
t,chngtixitchtvngthnhulibngcchyucuccthnhu(chkhngphichccngchtrongtchcmthinhtrckia)c
mibathnglinggpmtstingipngDim,ngNhuckhnnghotngchnhtr.Sauny,khingDimxutngoi,stinng
gpcachngtilitngthmvthngxuynhn.
ngThcvngNhucngtracimvvuivhnngyxa,thnghithmhoncnhgianhvtmscnhnringtcachngti.Vo
mtbuichiuthng6nm1950ngNhunhngVNhNguynvngHunhHuHinhngdnnthmtiticnnhnghonncht
hpcangBa.LcbygitilmtTrungutrongquniVitBinhonvimtngivmangnhngqumavbnacontraim
aumi10tui.Trongcnphngkhchchthpvnngnc,vcnglphnghcvphngngcaccconti,ngNhutuymhinhnhi
mcngvuivdngchnchxanhvchobitsdngnthmtivligiithiucbitcahaingDimvCnvmtcnbtrungkin,tm
huyt,cantrngvbitsngchtcholtng.TicnnhngNhunithngrng:"munlmcchmngthphicnhngchinsnhanh,
cnhngkhoabngchlbnnhtgan,haytnhtonvchbittranhginhavlmgiu".
ngCntuythngngomnvraoaiviminginhngcngbitedvicTrngVnHu,mtbclothnh,vingVNhNguynvti,
haicnbdmchtrchvtranhluntayivingta.
VnhngsinhhotcatitinginhPhCamcngngycngcngkhai,vvngCncngngycngkchQuctrngBoinnmthm,
ThhinPhanVnGio,vitcchlcpchhuycati,mitinvnphngcnhcodihnhthccamtbuinichuynthntnh:
"MoabittoalmvicvimoamtoavnctrungthnhvhotngchoNgnhDim.NhmNgnhCnlmg,kcvicnixucQuc
Trngvchtrchmoa,moabitht.NhngmoathachohtvnhmcnglnhngngichngCngsn,chngVitMinh,hungchimoabit
Dimqur,Dimkhnglmnntrtrnggu,bntoachotngcngvch,cngchngitiu,nnmoachngcnbtb.
"ToachabitchNgnhDim,NguynvPhanVnGiocmtthiktnghaanhemnh"LestroisMousquetaires".Dimlkhnhmt
nh tu, li dang d vic tnh duyn nn moa v gi y l "Aramis". ( l ng Nguyn , nguyn ng l vn phng ca Quc trng Bo i.
TronghikLeDragond'Annam,BoicngchobitngvngDimlibnthn,khingDimtchcThngthBLithngcng
tquanlun.nghinPhpGhichcatcgi).
"ClvNgnhCntikhngchotoabitchmoagipchomCL(emgingDim)nhiuvuthubtaclilytingip
choDimvCnhotng.Chtrngcamoalccngphiqucgiacnphicchnhquyngipvhcnghotng,cngtchc,th
53/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
choDimvCnhotng.Chtrngcamoalccngphiqucgiacnphicchnhquyngipvhcnghotng,cngtchc,th
cnglmgimtimlcCngSn,hngngchngCngcngtngthm.TrcyTrnVnHng(anhrutcaTrnVnDnh)lmPhGimc
ThngTin,inbibocaisWilliamBullitkchQuctrngrikhpnitrongnghngDim,moacngthath,thnaymoachgi
toannichotoabitlngqungi,khoandungcamoachmoakhnglmtitnhgtoau".(NhnglilcangGiotrnyticni
lichongCnvccbnbnhngDuyn,Nguyn,Hngbit).
Sauny,nm1954,khingDimmitMvnccmquynthngGioanglThhinTrungVit(nhimkhai).TronglnngDimtrv
HubiytcTCungvthmnhngtnmiutrongHongthnh,ngGiotchcmtcucnrcrttrngthtisnbayPhBiv
ngayticHu.NhngchmtthngsauthngDimcchchcngGio,iutratisnvedokhinngGiophitrniPhp.
ngGiokhngphilngihontonvchcchncnhnglilmcnhn,nhngtrnmtcngvic,nhtlcngvicchungcatnc,
nglmtnhnvtclptrngqucgiachngCngrtvngchc,mtcnbcaocpctitchc,ctmnhnxavrng,lictinhthnon
ktrngrivbittrngdngnhnti.tngcngtcvingtrongmtscngvickhkhnvquantrong,tictichoimtnginhng
PhanVnGiomkhnglmBtrngQucPhngtchcvchhuyquniqucgiahuscthitivingVNguynGip.
Ngy7thng2nm1950,HoaKvAnhquccngcngnhnncVitNamclpvthitlpquanhngoigiaovichnhquynBoi.To
isHoaKutinttiSiGndongDonaldHeath,mtnhngoigiaokcu,iukhin.TrongkhithMaoTrchng,saukhithng
nhtcTrungHoaLca,btukhochqunvinquymchoVitMinhdctheominbingiiVitHoa.
Nhvy,nhngvnngmttrccacccngqucvsphncancVitNambtuphtngmnhmbngnhngbiudngngai
giaovqunsngaytronglngtncvomaxunnm1950,mcnhngnlctinghipcaqucPhpangtrnsuytn.Vncui
nm,saukhibnhbinngnCaoBng,ngy6thng12,chnhphPhpbnhimtngJeanDeLattredeTassignylmTngtlnhquni
kimCaoungDngmongcuvntnhhnhcngngycngnguyngp.
Thng2nm1951,ngHChMinhthnhlpngLaongthaythchongCngSnctuynbgiitntnm1945,vthngnht
MtTrnLinHipnhmlikonhnglclngchngPhpkhngCngsnkhc.Cngtrongmaxunnm,ticthuynchuynrang
HigichcChhuytrnglclngVitBinhontnhQungBnh.Trckhilnngvnhimsmi,trongvnphngngPhanVnGiov
cmtcngNguynNgcL,ngGiochobitngiPhpphnikchlitquytnhbnhimtivochcvquantrngnyvhkhngtin
tngvolptrngchnhtrcati.Trckhiravlnng,ngminirnhthtcamnh:"MoagiithchvingiPhpvchuynb
nhimtoagichcchhuyqunsrngtoalngiquQungBnhnnhiurdntnhvathvngtchinlcny.Moamuntoahptc
chtchvibndnsltnhtrngNguynVnAnngoi.(NguynVnAntcNguynTnQu,musxutscnhtcangDimmti
cpntrongchnghai,ngitntsaukhitVitMinhra.TytischgitnNguynVnAnthaythchotnNguynTnQu).
HaianhemsbttaynhauchtchbnhnhtnhQungBnh,vmoaangiunhvingiPhphgiaohontonquyncaitrtnhny
lichochnhquynVitNam.QungBnhlningusngngngiiuviLinkhuTcaVitMinh,mnhphitrakhnngng
uviVitMinhtrnchaimttrnchnhtrvqunsthngiPhpmidndntrtaiquynhnhlichocQuctrng".
TivliQungBnh,quhngthnthng,vcngvingNguynVnAnbttaylinvicxydngvphttrinscmnhcaVitBinhon
nhmtscmnhvacngvath,vacchcnngbovcccshnhchnhvkinht,vacnhimvtiuditccnvvtrangca
ch.
Cngtrongnm1951ny,mthmtinhncintnmtcangNguynnDuyn(tinhhnhnhlcbyginganglmTnhtrng
ThaThin)chuynlicangNgnhCnnhchmstvicangDimxemtrongtnglaigncbinchuyngkhng.Linlcthmvi
ngDuyn,timibitcbNgnhKhmangtrngbnhspmtvngCnnghnchuyn"hus"chobnhchunbquanti,inthip
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngDuyn,timibitcbNgnhKhmangtrngbnhspmtvngCnnghnchuyn"hus"chobnhchunbquanti,inthip
botangvcngnhintnthngbochongDimlcbygiangHoaKbit.
TingHicmtthytvirtgiilthyDmngCn,dlmttnThinChagiongoanovvnthngchtrchnhnghnhthcbi
tonny,nhnmnhvingDuynnhnivitilphinngthynychkhngaikhc.TingpthyDvatuingDimmti
givboltuianhccatithtivnhonhmts.Bmtayxong,thyDbotuiCanhTnykhngphiltuicaanhtimphi
ltuicamtnhnvtrttingtmnhngcucith"thngtrmv".ThyDlnltkranhngcbitcasny:Mtlanhemca
nginyphicngilmtuscpcao,hailanhemphicngichtbtckt,baltuinycmtihn(minm)lmquanrt
ln,bnltrongihnhinti,tuinychlbchinhvphixanh,xaanhemvndmtrngdng,nmltuinyvngththipthv
convthuvchungvcpmtcntruithngphutrchl,vcuicnglihnspti(minmtiptheo)cngdanhttnh,tingtmvang
lng,nhngsbthinhnaghtnathng.
TingtlithyDhi:"Aiimkhngcngithngngight?"thyDngnhngngcholrtkhnivthngghtycnc
lpheng,thunphcvchngi.(SaunytimihiuracthigianngDimcmquynthtncbchiaithnhhaipheQuc
Cng).imquantrngmngCnmunbitlngDimcvkpnhnmtmtrckhitngtngchomkhngththyDborng:"sny
lsmkhccon,nghalmschtsaucon"(xinlullcbygihnhnhbcgn90tuiri).ngDimllnhtcati,lnimhyvng
catichonntihithm:"Nutrongihnti,tuiCanhTcngdanhttbc,tingtmvangkhpci,vythngcngdanhcangcko
divichcnmkhng?"Thytvitibanyvitrli:"SnyvcungPhcckmlm,siphtmcngist!Cngdanhchkodimi
nmmthi".TigithtrlichoNgnhCnvvicbcchathttrn,Cnhtscvuimng.Lcchiaitnc,thyDdicvoHu
phngTyLctrongThnhNi,cngCvnChoChnhtrminTrungnhngilikhen.NgicontraithyDlmtsquanngnh
Cng BinhToTc c ng Cn gi li ti Hu, khi phi thuyn chuyn i ni khc, nh l mt s n n. (Vic ny, nhiu ngi ng hng
QungBnhcnnhr).TheongCnthttcnhngiuthyDniunght.SmnhcangDimnhtrnhbytrny,lcbygi
ticngkchoccbntibit.
GiynhlingDimsinhnmCanhTmqunmtthng,ngy,gimlch,nhngyutcnthitcthansaohubitchititvccuc
ing.Nhngnhnvotngihnichiuvithctththyrscangngl"thngtrmv"v"iphtist".ScangDim
thucvMctamcc,nghalmiihnbtubngtuitncngcs3.TathycucicangDimchon23tuithhtvnthanhnin,
hchnh,sasonchostrngthnh.T23n33tui(19231933)nglmquanthngchcnhdiu.T33n43tui(19331943)lhn
xu,mthtquynlcnhngchannitrunchuyn.Vnny,ngvnhsngbncnhmvemnhngchannitti,clp,lycch.
Nhnghn44n53tui(19441953)nggpThinlaavng,bPhpbtnm44tui,phiitrn,bVitMnhbt,bgiamcm,khictdo
cngkhnglmnnccngnghipg,phixutngoi(lycch).T54n63tui(19541963),ngnhnphtginhli,lmnnsnghip
(Tngthng),tingtmvanglngnh"smst".
Cuinm1963,ngbsthinhtingvangrncasmsttanvokhnggian,ngvis"thngtrmv"v"iphtist",ngthicng
phhpvicungPhccrtxucang.Nm1951,cbNgnhKhchamnphnlmtyutmaymnchocucichnhtrcang
Dimvnucmt,ngDimvchutangththnocngbngiPhpgyphkhnkhngchoina.Ldokhngphinhngklivik
giRobertShaplencatTheNewYorkerrngngbVitMinhxthnhvngmt,v"ngiPhpkhngnhnvinanninhbovnncho
phpngxutngoi"9.
LdothtsltrnngxutngoivnngvilclngThinChagioquctvHoak,lcghliHngKng,ngaralituynb
vibochcnidungchngQuctrngBoivchnhschcaPhptiVitNam.ngcngtuynb"chnhphtnglaiphilmtchnh
phgmtonnhngnhnvtangcmsngkhngchin"chkhngphilhngngimngcholbnhnvtaysaicaPhpnhBoiv
55/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phgmtonnhngnhnvtangcmsngkhngchin"chkhngphilhngngimngcholbnhnvtaysaicaPhpnhBoiv
niccngnhim.
ChuynngDimxutngoisctrnhbytrongchngtiptheovbygixintrlivithigiantiangvQungBnhlmvic.
Mthm,tivovnphngTnhtrngthgpngNguynVnAnangmlunvimttusPhtgio,ngbngiithiuvitivtngsny.
llnutintigpThngtoThchTrQuang,vtngssauny,nm1963,lm"rungngncM"vlnholclngPhtgiocng
viqunchngcncnguvichNgnhDim,ThngtoTrQuanglcbygicntr,gngmtxng,hailngquyncaov
cpmtrtsng,tuynhincchnichuyncangrtnhnhmrrng.
TivomtltthThngtoTrQuangrav.ngAnchotibitThngtatrtrHunhngcngAnchthnmirangHitrong
nhnhThngtoymtrkhochVitnamhotnhQungBnhmngPhanVnGiouthcchochngti.TnhtrngNguynVnAnkt
lunrng"qunsthcanh,chnhtrthcti,cnthnhndnthphinhnThngto".HithmthngAnchobitquenviThngto
TrQuangtrongthikhotngchungchoHiChnHngPhtGiominTrungviBcsLnhThm,mtcstingtmcaPhtgio.
Haiconngiamutctrumangchunghoiboxydngmtvng"BaThcVitNam",khngVitMinh,khngPhp,lmcnca
chomtchinlcludi(chnhvhoibolnmNguynVnAnkhngtrlihotngchongDimnanhnhngngchc,mli
hptcvingPhanVnGiovQuctrngBoilidngthictnhchuynludi).Andntiphigibmttiatungtchvhotng
caThngtoTrQuangvngiPhpvncnnghingThngtothnVitMinhchngPhp.
ChngtrnhxydngtnhQungBnhangphttrinttpthngPhanVnGiobtnThtngTrnVnHuctchcvbnhimngTrn
VnLthayth.ngLbngivnthyucutiringHitctctrvHugichcThamMutrngVitBinhonthaythchoThiut
TrnNguynAn,taychnthntncangPhanVnGio.iuTnThtXng(hinCanada)ccthaythti
RiQungBnhmlngtikhngkhibingivluyntic.Khngnhngbingivphitbitmtngchthnthitvluynticvcngtcbnh
nhangtrnthnglimcnvtrongmythng,vitcchchhuytrngquns,ticdpthmkvthmhtvngtqu
hngthnyucatimthininthiutikhngcchithchinc.TicngnthmDinin,quhngcaThngtoTr
Quang,chcchtnhlngHicbacys,cngnhnlngAnXvlngiPhong,quhngcaccngVNguynGipvNgnh
Dim.Chnhnhnhngdpgpgvingitronglng,nhngdptipxcthntnhviccblokcutrongxmmtitmhiucmtsd
kinvxutx,ginghcaccngDim,ngGipvThngtoTrQuang(nhngdkinmnhngschbovtiliuvmunsuytnv
huynthoihoccnhnvtnykhngmuncpn).Thtra,lcbygi,stmhiunylthomnctmvccnhnvtcngqu
angclinhncngviccamnhchkhngphivsaunybanginghngkiatrthnhbaithlihimtntuivanglngkhpbn
bnmchu,mnhngquytnhnhiukhilmoinvnmnhtnc.
VinhimvcamtThamMutrngtrcthucTrungtNguynNgcLtronghthngqungiaivthhinTrnVnLtronghthnghnh
chnh,ticgiaohaicngtcquantrngvkhncp:ThnhtlcitVitBinhontrthnhqunichnhquy,thngnhtvoquniquc
gia,phthucvoBTngThamMuTrungngSiGn.BTngThamMuVitNamnyvacthnhlpvittcnhngshvyukm
camtnhchmichoitrongnhngiukinkhkhncanhngbcuchpchng(ngNguynVnHinh,nguynTrungtKhngqun
caquniPhpcccchphongThiutngthuynchuynqualmTngThamMutrng).Sthnhlpquniqucgianmtrongch
trngchungcaQuctrngBoivTngDeLattrevphhpviiukintinquytcaHoaK,chmunvintrqunsthnhlp
mtqunichnhquychoqucgiaVitNam(tngy9thng3nm1950,ngAchesonyucuTngthngTrumanchunchi15triuMkim
56/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vintrchongiPhptingDngv6thngsau"TheVoiceOfAmerica"btucphntintcngVit) 10.VicnylnhuytncaQuc
trngBoi.
CngvickhncpthhaicatilthnhlpmtstiuontcchinchnhquymqunnhngmtonthanhninCnggiongvintvng
PhtDimvccgiokhuminBcthnhlpmtsontrongkhochphncngtinchimtnhThanhHo.Nhngthanhninnyscb
mtkhngvnvHuchunluyncbitvctchcthnhccnvtcchintinhnhu,riliavPhtDimthchink
hochtichimThanhHo.ylmtchindchtimtdogimmcLHuTvthhinTrnVnLnghvcTngDeLattrevTh
tngTrnVnHungthchin.
Timithnhlpcmttiuonmangdanhs"Tiuon27"vspmnkhohunluyntiQungTrthtiSiGn,thng8nm1952,ng
TrnVnHutchcvngNguynVnTmcvuaBoiunhimlnthayth.VlmtbnthncacuThtngTrnVnHu,ng
TrnVnLbgiinhimchcThhinTrungphn.
ngNguynVnTmlthnphcatngNguynVnHinh,chndanh"CpCaiLy",lmtngithnPhpvnitingrtchngCngti
minNam.Niccdongthnhlp,trngVHngKhanhlnhtVitNamQucDnnglmBtrngThanhNinvThThao,scnligm
tonnhngnhnvtkhngcqunchngtnnhimvxuhngthnTyqurrng.VlnhsMtiHNiphctrnhchoHoaThnhn
rngniccnystrthnh"mtitngtuyntruynchoVitMinh"vchls"trlikhncngcatinMmuPhp"11.
CngHinhlnTrungtTrnVnn(lcbygilGimcAnNinhQuni)unmvnghscnhncativbittilphntchng
PhpvhotngchongDimnnquytnhtlithohotngcatibngcchthuynchuyntiraBcVit,traoquynThamMuTrng
NhQunKhutiHulichoThiutTrngVnXng,mtsquantaysaicaPhpvlnhnvinthntncaTngHinh.
Ngyrai,snbayPhBinngchichang,vtivsuaconnhnhngingchcatilngThiVnChuchlnphitrngtin
chng,tinchaivminBckhilangtngn.Ticnnhhaicuthtcnhbitlynonutmtivitgivchocccontimtnm
sau:
Micontrnlcharil
Mlkhncmcnhchiatay...
Tnhslicucitrongtmnmtrunchuyn,tivotrakhmnhiuln(cacTylnVitMinh),titchcnhiuccuvpht
ngnhiuchindchctmnhhngmnhvdi,ticnghocchhuytrctiphoclmvicvinhngnhnvtmquytnhcah(lc
haysauny)linhnvnmnhqucgiavtrnht,tiquyttmkeosnvimtlnhtduynht,chomttchcduynhttrongnh
sngchngrcrcaltngimnhlclpchoncnh.clp,ihaitinghuyndiucathpnin40!
Nhng nhng ln v xung ca tm nm tri ni trong mt i ngi ch l nhng ni tri b nh v khim nhng khi so snh vi nhng bin
chuynvicatnctrongcnchuynmnhaun.Chngvnthanhninnhtichaipha,mucholngtmthmmum,
phixngchohndntcthmkiuhng.Tihnhdinclgitnc,hindinyvhnhxngn,trongdngsngminman
calchsVitNamthucgiaion.
ChonnkhigitminTrungthnthngcmttichintrngVitBckhila,tuytimthnhmuixtmtrthmrngnchnhng
ngygiannguyhnspbtu.
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ngygiannguyhnspbtu.
1 VNguynGip,NhngChngngLchS,tr.319.
2 BernardFall,LeVietMinh,tr.183185
3 BernardFall,TheTwoVietnam,tr.236.
4 onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,tr.10v11.
5 PhmKimVinh,NhngBnVCiChtCaVitNamCngHa,tr.74.
6 TrchlituynbthoivcavuaBoictrcluNgMnngy25845khitraonkimchoTrnHuyLiu,idinMtTrnVitMinh.T
liucatcgi.
7 Boi,LeDragond'Annam,tr.247.
8 TronglthgitSunValleyngy4/5/87chomtsboch,ngNguynTrnvitrng"TrcmythngmttnNhtBntiphhiti
vvictrngbngvi,titrlitTnhGiaphnnhiultct,raucicngkhngtrngcmn,nnkhngtrngbngvic.Khng
bittnthngdchvinVitNamdchthnomtnNhtBnchmlnnhti.Titrnhc,nhngnghthkhlmvic,thbnhca
nhtichoticidpxinnghdihn6thng".
onvitnynhmgiithchvphnbcvictichorngngTrnthamnhngnnbhhidntch.TuynhinchngticcPhm
nhNgh,cuTnhtrngQungNgivlmtngvincaocpQucDnng,hinsngtiElToro,California,xcnhniutivitng.
CNghhccngtrngvingTrnvtheodikhonlcangTrnsauny.Do,dkintrnvncginguyntronglntibnny.
Trongtcphm"HChMinh,NgnhDimvMtTrnGiiPhng"(1992,NXBVnNgh),tcgiHSKhuPhp,mtngitnglm
vicmcchinlcvihaingDimNhu,nhnnhcnthikngTrnlmTnhtrngtinhTngcngxcnhnngTrnb
"PhTonQuynctchcvhil".
Ngoira,trnboTiaSngs18,xutbntiHoustonngy20687,cbicangTrngThin(bthiucamtThiutkhngqunngy
xalmvictiNhaTrangvhinangLongBeach,California)cngtcongTrnthamnhngnhsau:
"ThacNguynTrn,
Chvmtsk,chk,cbochacholilmcnhnmnhmcivocilmlnqulnlaoivituiiangchngchttrnbn
thn.Theotibit,TngMucnthiustkhivitvmnlyknhtlcTnhTrngNguynTrnthamnhngNhaTrangnobbc
sNguynThch(anhemctchovic)xchsngrt,cphichuivocutiu(W.C.)trn,lcbcsThchdsngvou,cvanly
cthati!SaubcsThchvokhmChHomtthigianchvchngthamnhngNguynTrnvgianhNgnhDim".
Ngoira,trongtcphm"CngvTi"(trang117),ngNguynTrnklirngtrckhiriNhaTrang,ng"...ckmtchiphiuhaitriugi
niLinhmcCn,cndnchnnachonginocchkcatimthialichoanhemkhngchin.KhngbitsaoMubit
cvic,nnnnnhnnilnuiqun...".
ylmtsbatthiukhnngoan:Thnht,mtstinrtlncachnhph,lmsaolinhmcCnchvmtli"nnn"mlitraochoti.
Thhai,dctraochotithkhngcchkcangTrnlmsaoTyNgnKhdmphttinra.Thba,saukhiThtngDimchoiu
travnythchthmvnvnhtruytngNguynTrnratonmkhngthmvnti,likhngthylcngTrnkhaivti"nnn"linh
mcCn.Ngcli,vongthiimny,tilicthngchcTrungt.Stinhaitriubc,theoti,chdomttronghaingithc:
hoclinhmcCn(mtithcskhngbitlai)hocchnhngNguynTrn.
9 RobertShaplen,TheLostRevolution,tr.109112.
10 StanleyKarnow,VietnamAHistory,tr.177.
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Chng4
NHNGNGYCUICNG
CATHCDNPHP
ChonuThunm1952,tngsqunnhnPhpbttrn,thngvongvmttchtingDnglnnhn90.000ngi.Chiphchochin
trngnybnghailnskinhvincaHoaKtrongkhunkhchngtrnhvintrtithitMarshall.TiquchiPhp,tng"la sale guerre"
(cucchintranhbnthu)btucxdngtrongcccuctranhlungiaccphechchinvchha.
TrongkhithtiminBcVitNam,tngVNguynGipnhbtccnvthinchincatngRaoulSalanrakhicimHaBnhvbt
utungbasonchimmtngilngbnhtnlMngThanhbingiiVitLotrongmtvnglngchobdi18cys,bngang8cy
sctngilinBinPh.
MytunltrckhiHaBnhthtth,tibtngNguynVnHinhthuynchuynraBc.Hibygi,"raBc"cxemnhlmtbinphpch
tiivinhngsquanminTrungvminNam,vtnhhnhsingcachinsvvnhngtnthtnngnvphanhngqunnhnVit
Nam.HuhtnhngsquanVitNamtrungcpbiraBcutnhiuchschngPhp,hocchngBTngThammucatngNguyn
VnHinh.
TitheohckhaTiuontrngvkhaLinonLung(ccpnhthavichintrngVitBc)doitVanuxem,mttrong
nhngsquancaocpxutscnhtcaPhplcbygiiuhnh.CngkhaviticTrungyNguynVnThiu.
Mnkha,Thiu,cthmTrungyCaoVnVinvti,clnhthuynchuynramttrnHngYn,trnhdinviTrungtDngQuPhan,mt
squannitingthnPhp,taychncatngCogny.TLnhminngBcVitangngHiDng.MttrnHngYnvacbtlnh
PhptraotrphntrchnhimlichoquniqucgiaVitNamvangbnhngplcnngn.BTngThammuSignchnhtilmTham
mutrng,CaoVnVinlmtrngphngNhvNguynVnThiulmtrngphngBa.CnphngTvndomtiyngiPhpphtrch.
BchhuyvtrungtmhnhqunkhuchincttingigiongtolnrngricatnhlHngYnmlinhmcbtrnvuilngcho
quniPhpxdngttrc.
Baanhemchngticcpphtchungmtcnphngnhvabacighbloinhbinhvhngngyncmticulcbsquan.Bui
ti,lctrliphngchunbing,Thiuvtithngphntchvlunbnvtnhhnhchnhtrvchinsnkhuya.RingVinvntnht
ninnchthnhthonggpkinmthi.
Thng4nm1953,tuytnhhnhchinsLotrnnquytlithnkhiVitMinhchimCnhngChumvtinqunvLuangPrabang,th
HonggiaLo,nhngkhngvthmplcqunsgimbttichintrngBcVit.Thng5nm,tngHenriNavarrethaythtngSalan
nhngchlmchoqunPhpthmlngtngvquanimchinlcthiuthctcavtnglnhlngvcntngthamgiahaitrnth
chinny.QuniPhphontonbngngaycthphngth.Htcncnyncnckhclnltbmtvotaychhocbrtb,ch
cngilimttabnccgiophnCnggionhBiChu,PhtDim,KStvcctnhchungquanhHNivHiPhng.
Trctnhthbiquan,mthmNguynVnThiuhiti:"TheoanhthcucchintranhhintisivuvtnglaiVitNamsnhth
no?"lcuhictnhtonbvludinhngtivnxcquytviThiuvVinl"thnoPhpcngbbitrnvtmgiiphpthahipvi
VitMinh,tncsbchiainhngkhngbitchiakhuvcno.HoakscanthipvoVitNamchnngmubnhtrngcaCng
59/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
SnngNamvHoaKsangDimvncnmchnhquyn".SaunytiSiGn,milngpti,Thiukhngqunnhclichuync
vcngnhntinhnxathyrng.
SngtiBcVitvcbittiHngYn,tivotnhtrngcamtsquanangthphtdihnhthccasluy.Nhngmtrnglnh
lngcaxBc,vicitmtrng"cuvngminhnguyt,utchng",tinhvquhngminTrung,niangcgianh,bnbv
tchc.Tihitngnnhngcngtcangdangdvnhngngchanglulcvirtnhiunhthng.Ninimcngvithcchnh
tr,tinhthndntcccoanuncbiminmhotng,lmtikhngthitthamtchtnovicngvichinti,mtcngvictuygil
chngCngsnnhngtrchtchlmlichongiPhptrongbmvulymnhtthucamkhngthctmtraotrclplicho
ngiVitNam,mtnnclpbinthnhthcchocadntc,mvnvdonmtrctitntinngynay.Chonntrongsut
thigiantiHngYn,tictnhkhngmtchtnhittmnovocngv.
Thiliccngcvngchchnvongy27thng5nm1953,khitiSiGn,hinghonKtihi"clphabnhchoVitNam"
docconthchnhtrcaccgiophiCaoi,HaHo,ccngphichnhtrnhiVit,VitQucvccnhnvttntuinhTrnTrng
Kim,TrnVnn,NguynXunCh,NgnhNhu,tchcphbinlptrngquytlitcanhndnVitNam.Do,tithngtmchi
lnHNilinlcvimtsngchvthnhunhngMaiVnToan(saunylmDnbiudichngDim),ngTrnTrungDung(sau
nygichcPhtBtrngQucPhngthiNhtCngHa)theodihotngcangDimtiHingoivtmhiunhngbinchuyn
micatnhhnhchnhtr.
MilniHNiv,tilimangtheomtsboXHi(dongNhuchtrng)phbinchomtssquanvnhnstiHngYntrongmc
chxydnghuthunchochtrngchnhtrcangDim.Trongnhngdpihnhqunhaythanhtraccnv,ticngthngtrnhbycho
ccsquanbittnhcnhtrinihimnghothtscatncVitNamtrongcithtngtranhPhpCngvthuytphchvconng
nommtngiVitNamthcsyunc,cbitnungiVitNamlilmtchinscmsng,nnchnla.
Nhngrinhnghotng"phiquns"catidndnbbocolnchoBchhuyrintaiTrungtDngQuPhan,nntibtng
Cognypht60ngytrngcm,htngcngtcvthuynchuynvLinonLungs3,anghnhquntivngNinhBnhdoThiutPhm
Vnng(hinM)chhuy.Ldobphtghitronghsqunvcncthmti"vlvicpchhuy"vhailnticngkhaichtrchPhan
trcmtngngivtcphong"biTy"caykhimibuisng,nugpcchsquanPhpthPhanncnchohi"Bonjourmoncaporal"
cnnugpsquanVitNamthPhanchcholylvcnckhinhb.
Trongbancuicngticulcbsquantintilnngvnhimsmi,TrungyNguynVnThiummtchaichampagnemitiv
nimylitinbitrtcmng.DngQuPhannigin,ntngThiutisaolidmcangimtsquanangmangtrngtitrcmty.Cch
vaui,vakhphchcangThiucnglmchotiqumnngtahn.Trtruthay,trongcucibinhnghipvchnhtrcangThiuv
ti,vquanhngbincquantrngcaqucgia,chngticnnhiuduynnchonnm1965,1966,khihaingThiuvKlnhoqucgia,
bttigiamlnghailnPleikuvNhaTranggncnmtri.
CngmangcitmtrngbthptcnhHngYn,tivNamnhvlmvictiBChhuyLinon3Lung.Nhiukhingayctronggi
cngvtivnvitbihaysngtcthgivSignchongNhuhocngLaLam(hinM)ngvoboXHi.cbittronghaibith
NhconvNhHuvtrongtybtTmsdngsngHng,tikthcnilngcamnhvnihoivngngyngDimvtchcthnh
cngemliclpvtdochotncchonhngngiVitNambnhthngnhtikhicnphiutranhtrongcithhimnghogia
PhpvVitMinh.Tmsny,saungychiacttnc,timinNam,titmlicmtcchrtkhoicmtrongkchphmThnhCtTHn
ca nh vn V Khc Khoan (thuc nhm Quan im, gm nhng vn ngh s min Bc tng theo khng chin ri vT, hoc li H Ni
nhngbthptcviPhp)khingchonhnvtSnCacangvakhngcngtcvichnhquynThnhCtTHnvakhngvobngtheo
60/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"khngchin"CGiTrng,mlichcmimtivhngmttrimcktthckchphmny.
Mtphnclvnhngbith,vphnkhcclvngNhuangmuntphplicnbtlcchunbngyngDimvnc,nnng
vnngvihaingibncanglitTrnVnn(vathngchcvvncnchhuyAnNinhQuni)vitTrnVnMinh(Tham
MutrngcatngHinhticthuynchuynvNhaTrang,laphngchinlcnmgngiaHu(cncacatchc)vSiGn
(chintrngcatchc).
RiminBccngthngcamtHNiangbtulncnst,tibayvNhaTrangvitcchidincbitcaBTLnhQunkhuHai
vi nhim v cp thit thnh lp 9 tiu on khinh qun theo k hoch t chc mi ca BTham mu Hn hp PhpVit v caTng ODaniel,
trngphibqunsMSiGn.SaukhihuyngthanhnincabatnhKhnhHa,NinhThunvBnhThuntrongbnthng,ttc9tiu
onucthnhlpvuangtrongvnghunluynquntrngthticthuynchuynvchhuykhuchinPhanRangvac
PhptraolichoVitNam.
KhuchinPhanRanggmlnhthNinhThunvqunHaacatnhBnhThun,qunsgmhaitiuonbbinhv20iiphlcbinh
(suppltif)vmtnvthitgip.VytigplingibntriklmTnhtrngNinhThunlngThiVnKim.nglmtnhvnhav
cnglmtnhvitstingtmtiminTrung,tnglmviclunmquhngQungBnhcati,bitnhiuvxutxdnghcaccng
NgnhDimvVNguynGip.TichnhnhquenbitngThivnKimtngynglmgimcNhaThngtinTrungVitvokhong
nm19481949.ThrikhinglmTnhtrngKhnhHa,ticthuynchuynv,nayngvtrnnhmPhanRang,khngngtiligp
nghaianhem,kbnvnngibnv,cngchunglodnsinh,dnkchongboNinhThun.KhcvinhngTnhtrngthiPhphay
thiVitNamCngHasauny,dnglutl,hnhphttrdn,nhhcgihThichlo"vndtio",lynhntrlmnguyntctrdn.ngt
khingivnphngdinhTnhtrngmthnglgtkhpccngxmlngthmdnchobitstnh.inungcngemtheonhngli
gingdycathnhhin,nhngchuynxatchcgioha,dudtdnquvmimt:tngio,chnhtr,xhi,kinhtSauny,ticnnh
vokhongthng4nm1954,ngNgnhCnvnngvicctnh,thtrngminTrunglpkinnghgilnQuctrngBoiPhpyu
cuBoichpthunchongDimlmThtng,ngKim(cngnhngLT,thtrngNng,hinM)vuilngktnvothnh
nguynthdngKimkhngthucphengchnhtrno.NhngsaukhingDimvnccmquynthngKimbmtchcngay.ngc
dnchngNinhThunvcngngngm,ngheningyngtgiPhanRangrai,cnhiungikhngcmcncmttrongbuitin
a.
NinhThunvHaalnidnchnghinha,bnhd,lclngcaVitMinhtiykhnglyglmmnh.ChinkhuBaRucah(mkhicn
ltiuontrngcaVitMinh,titngngquntiynhcptrongchngIII)btiphhycccsdngbinhvcckhotntr
nntrongthigiantilmvictiPhanRang,tnhhnhanninhtngikhquan,nhndnlmnilinhthuthibnh.
Thng7nm1953,quchiPhplmplcyucuchnhphPhpphibtutmbinphpthngthogiiquytchintranhngDng.
Ngy9thng11,HongthnNorodomSihanouknmlyquynchhuyquniHonggiavtuynbCaoMinclp.Gingsinhnm,ngH
ChMinhtitlvimtkgiThyinrngVitNamsnsngtholunvnhngnghhabnhcachnhquynPhpvchmtthngsau,
ngy25thngGingnm1954,ccNgoitrngcaHoaK,Nga,AnhvPhphptiTyBLinhquytnhstriutpmthinghquctv
TriuTinvngDngvothngTcngnm.
Trongkhithcngvounm1954,tngNavarre,TngTlnhquniPhptingDng,phtngchindchAtlantetinchimBnh
nhvPhYn,vtoplcnhmxnhquncaVNguynGipvnangnlcdnhtchlcqunvmttrninBinPh.Donrng
ngGipcngspdngcngschlc,nghalmnhiutrnnhlnkhctiTrungVitcmchnvlmtlitkhnngdingcacc
nvch,tibnthomtbnnhnnhtnhhnhvmtttrnhvchoBTlnhPhpVitcaPhnkhuDuynHitiNhaTrangyucuc
61/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khochiphvngthixintngcngphngtinphngthchokhuchinPhanRangvnrtthiuthnvyukm.Ticndonk
hochphncngcaVitMinhtrongaphngtrchnhimcativinhngchititvtngnmt,vsthtbignnhngnhincacc
nvdiquynnukhngcthamnnhucutngvin.
NhngBTlnhNhaTrang,mvphaVitNamdoitNguynVnVchhuy,licholtihthong,bocolo,bngivnthkhintrch,
kmtheolnhthuynchuyntiraHNihclpTrungontrng,mtquytnhmticholphtxuttnhngmuthunchnhtrhnlt
nhucuqunslcbygi.NhngcngnhtheohclpTrungontrngnymticthmhaingibnmingkha:ThiutLamSnv
iyNguynChnhThi.NgithaythtitiPhanRanglThiutNguynVnThiu,vaBcv,vildoThiulngiNinhThunsam
hiuvnmvngtnhhnhhnti.
Sau,qunhinngnhbnnhnnhmtichititrrng,tronglctiHNithVitMinhtngphncngkhpcctnhminTrung,c
bitticctnhduynhi.TiPhYnvBnhnh,nhiutiuonbtiudithonton,phirtvlpvngaiantonchcnbovcctnh
lmthi.TiQungNam,VitMinhtncngHiAnvchimgimtm,khirti,hphhymtscngsvbtmangtheomtssquanv
nhngdngctruyntin.RingtiNinhThuncangThiu,VitMinhtinchimvtiuhycccncngoivimtixydngchechmt
TyNamcaBChhuyPhanRang.TrongmttrnnhclitgnThpChm,ngThiuchthndnmtnvitipcubVitMinhphc
kchvtheolimtsngiklithngThiuphi"mqunmchy".
Saunhngthtbalintip,ngThiubmtchcchhuy,ivHulmvictiBThammuQunkhuHai,diquynitTrngVnXng,
mtcngsvinthntncatngHinh,giaoquynchhuykhuchinNinhThunlichongThiQuangHongvacthngThiut.Thtra
khngphingThiukmkhnngchhuyhaythiukinhnghimchintrng.ngThiulngikhnngoan,tnhtonrtklng,vhnhng
rtcnmt,nhngvbinhstikhuchinNinhThuniasldnaphnghinlnh,khngctinhthnchinucao,gpchphncng
mnhlshithilui.HlnhngnngdncaxChmckhla,saugingngththchruch,chigvnhtlcilng,nnthius
gandvtinhthnklutphiccaqunnhntcchingii.LcticnlChhuytrngtiPhanRang,cmilncmtoncilngtSi
Gnraludintitnhllmtlntiphibanhnhtnhtrngbongvinhiulolng,vbinhsticccncngoivithnhphumunb
nvxemht,btchpnhngbinphpklutmngymaihphichu,btcnVitMinhcthtncngchimnm.Nudngbinphp
mnh,hcthonghoctheoVitMinhlmdukch.
tngchhuyvtngtmhiuphongth,dntnhcatnhnyvnnmgiahaitnhniting"CpKhnhHa,MaBnhThun"vcmtqun
ngiChmtuythphnlmnnhnglirtngoanc,cngukhicmuthunvingiVit,nntrongnhngnmsau,dithiNhtCng
Ha,khihaingNgnhNhuvNgTrngHiutuyndngtnhNinhThunngutrongcngcucthchinpchinlc,tinghthmNg
nhNhunglchbitnhngconsbococaTrungtKhnh,tnhtrngPhanRang(CnggioPhCam),vnhnsvicbngcibngoi
hihtmkhngcmtchtkinhnghimthctno.ThydnNinhThunhnghicmchng,rop,ohorilinhittmthctpbong
khuatrng,gm,ngNhuvinhgicaotinhthnchngCngcadnymkhngbitrngdnChmlmnhvylbphngsngi
Vitphphch,cnngiVitlmnhvylngnngacpvphvnbttru.CngiaVitCngvQucgia,thchnlacangidnrt
rrng:bnnomnhhtheo!
o0o
Trlinm1950,khitivQungBnhbtumtgiaionnitrilnlctrongnhngnmtnkhccacucchinPhpVittTrungraBc,
ththngTmnm,saumtthigianvnngngmcagimmcNgnhThc,ngDimvngianhcnhhnglnlaotrngiohi
CnggioLaMVitNamny,lnngiLaMdlNmThnhcheymmuiMvnngchnhtr.
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LtrnhkhngithngnLaMmcnghquaNhtBnthmKNgoiHuCng(mt"giiphp"hunhkhngcngitrgnakt
nm1945)vnhtlngDimcchigpgiosWesleyFishel,mtcusquantnhboHiqunthucThtHmiHoaKthinh
thchinvnghenianglmtnhnvincaocpcaCIA.BuihpmtvivinchcquantrngnycacquantnhboManktqul
trngihcMichigansbotrchochuyniMcangDim1.
Sau,ngDimlnngiLaMdlNmThnhvytkincGioHong,ritbayiM.QuatrunggiancagimmcNgnhThc,
ngcHngYSpellman,thucdngFranciscain,tipkin.
TM,ngDimliquayvLaMmyngyrimiiThyS,B,PhptholunvimtschnhkhchVitNamphnnglngiCnggio
angcngticcncny.Nm1951,ngDimtrliHoaKhainm,sngtrongtuvinMaryknolltiLakewood(NewJersey)vOssining(New
York).NhsgipcaHngySpellman,thnhthongnglicmiithuyttrnhticcihcminngvminTrungTyHoaK.ng
cngdinthuyttithHoaThnhnvvillunrng"chcnchmdtchnhschthcdnPhpvchcnVitNamcmtchnhphdo
ngiqucgialnholcthnhbicCngSn"mngchimccmtnhvlihasymtrcaccchnhtrgiaMnhNghs
MikeMansfield,JohnKennedy,DnbiuWalterJudd,ChnhnWilliamsDouglas,vnhiuchnhkhchCnggioMkhc.Phbnhcunicang
Dim,giosButtingerchorngluncnyphihpcsnginrthpdnvshplkhcic2.
Chnhvs"hpdnkhngcic"vquyttmcaHngYSpellmanmuncmtchnhphVitNamdongiCnggioLaMlnho 3,
mngDimtrthnhmt"giiphp"khdngvkhthichochnhschcaMtingDngtrongtnglairtgn.Nhngcilunc"n
ginvhpl"nychngttnhthiukhoahcvkhngthctcankhingDim,vimtchnhphqucgiav9nmcaitr,ngThiuvi
mtchnhphqucgiav11nmcaitrkhc,vnkhngnhbicCngSn.NukhngmunnirngchnhphqucgiacangDim
chnhnghahashindincaCngSntiminNam,vchnhphqucgiacangThiukintonhachinthngcaCngSntimin
Nam.Nhvy,rrnghaich"qucgia"quntrtnctrongkhongthigiant1954n1975quthtkhngxngngtrnchai
mtnidungcngnhthctmangnhndanhtny.
TheodihnhtrnhvnngquctcangDim,tathygm6chngng:ingKinhgpmtnhnvintnhboM,nVaticangpc
GioHong,iMgpmtvHngY,trliVaticankhngbitlmgtrongmtthigianngnriliquaMgptipvHngYc,saulcc
chnhkhchHoaK.Suchngngthtrachgmtronghaidanhtringlylng:VaticanvM.
Thng5nm1953,theolimicamtschnhkhchVitNamluvongmaslngiCnggio,ngDimtgiHoaKvPhpriiBv
trngtituvinBndictinedeStAndrlesPurges.ngmtnmsau,nm1954,khisphnVitNambtubctchtbichinbicaPhp
tiinBinPhvongymng7thng5vnhngmcctihinghGenve,thngDimtrliParisvsngtinginhcangTnThtCn.
Tiy,visymtrclccangiemlngNgnhLuyn,ngbtumcccucthmdvvnngtronggiichnhkhchVitNam
cngnhviccthlcquct.
TheogiosButtingerthtiSiGn,ngNhubitrnganhmnhkhngkhnngtrongviciphvinhngvnngchnhtrquctkh
khnvphctp,bnvivngphicngsvinthntnlhaingTrnChnhThnhvLQuangLutquaParistngcngthmchong
Dim.ngTrnChnhThnhnguynltrihuynthiPhpthuc,sautheoVitMinhlmchnhnLinkhuT,ribkhngchinvTvonm
1952.CnngLQuangLutlmttrthcCnggioBcVit,ngithntncagimmcLHuT.
BamctiuvnngquantrngvquytnhnhtcangDimlcsymtrcachnhquynM,tranhthcsthathuncachnh
phPhp,vcuicnglthuytphccQuctrngBoibnhimlmThtng.Bavnnglinhchtchnvnmnhcahngtriu
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ngiVitNammscmnhvnhcachnhhngtriungiVitNamkhnghcvndngti.Thtrababcvnngnytrngvo
nhaunhbamtxch,mtrongbicnhchnhtrquctlcbygi,mcmtxchthnhtlhaimtxchcnlisbthotung.Mtxchth
nht,HngySpellmangipngDimmratnm1953richonntuyBoivchnhphPhplcbygikhngng"conngiNgnh
Dim",nhngdiplccangoitrngMFosterDullesvscanthipmnhmcaHngYSpellmanvochnhschcaPhongtroCngha
BnhdnThinChaGioPhp(MRP),cuicngchnhphPhpvBoinhphichpthunbnhimngDimlmThtng.
TronghikLeDragondAnnam,trang328,ngBoictnhkhngnirnhngplcnydnhngvnngchnhtrcaccnclinh
nchnhtnhVitNamlc,cngnhdmibthoBoiNgnhDimtrongqukhrrng(xemthmBnGingLchS19401975,
nbnHoaK,caCaoVnLun).Mtcchthttinht,nilnplccangiM,ngBoichobitrng"saukhigpngFosterDulles
chongtabitdncati,tigingDimnvnirng"(Aprsm'treentretenuavecFosterDulles,pourluifairepartdemonprojet...).
Skintrclclymtquytnhnibquantrng(chnhmtThtng)mvnguynthqucgiaphihiviNgoitrngcaM(khng
nhtrcngBoichnh5Thtngmkhngcnphiqua"thtcny")chngtplccaMquthtctcdnglnquytnh
cangBoi.Hnna,ngaytrang239sau,ngBoicnvitthm:
Thtvyt,nhiunmnay,ngtacnhiungiMbitvthchnhtnhcngrn.Dimth,ngDimlngiphhpmtcchcbit
chohoncnhhinti,vvymHoaThnhnkhngngnngigmkhngnghngta.(Eneffet,depuisdenombreusesannes,iltaitconnu
desAmricainsquiapprciaientsonintransigeance.Aleursyeux,iltaitlhommefortconvenantparticulirementlaconjoncture,aussiWashingtonne
luimnageraitpassonappui).
Nulnnhnnhny,ngBoingmchotabitscanthipcangiMtrongqutrnhchnlangNgnhDimlmThtnglmts
canthipctht.(NhngngikhnghiurctnhcahaingBoivNgnhDim,likhngnmvngnhnghotngquctcngnh
nibVitNamlcbygi,nhmlnvkhnghiurcscanthipnynnhiusailunnhngbinclchssaulldnhin).
SkinngDimcVaticanvMnghlmtyutquantrngxoaychuynlchsVitNamtrongchintranhQucCngnnticntrchdn
radiynhngonschkhtncacckgi,nhvn,nitingAnh,Mthmtiliuchoccnhnghincussauny.
TheoJohnCooneythGioHongPius12munHngYSpellmanvnngviHoaKthamdvochnhtnhVitNamvnghchongNgnh
Dimcmquyntincny:
TheoMalachiMartin,mtgiosDngTntnglmvictiVaticantrongnhngnmMgiatngsthamdvoVitNam,thlptrngca
HngYSpellmanhpvimuncaGioHong(inaccordancewiththewishesofthePope...)GioHongmunHoaKnghDimvngibnh
hngcaGimmcThclanhcaDim.ngMartinxcnhnrng"GioHonglongiCngSnsbnhtrngthmlmsuyhinGiohi.
GioHongnhSpellmankhuynkhchngiMcandvoVitNam'("ThepopewasconcernedaboutCommunismmakingmoregainsatthe
expenseoftheChurch.HeturnedtoSpellmantoencourageAmericancommitmenttoVietnam",TheAmericanPope,JohnCooney,tr.241,242).
V vy Spellman bt tay vo vic iu ng k cng mt chin dch xy dng ch Dim (carefully orchestrated campaign to prop up the Diem
regime)...SpellmanvKennedycngthnhlpmttchcHoaThnhnvnngchoDim.ChiubivnnglchngCngvCnggio
(therallyingcrieswereantiCommunismandCatholicism).Schdn,trang242.
Thng10nm1950,haianhemThcDimgpccvinchcBNgoiGiaotikhchsnMayflowerHoaThnhn,ccsthamdcaDean
Rusk. Dim vThc c linh mc McGuire v ba gio s chnh tr gia (political churchmen) c trch chnh sch chng Cng thp tng, l Cha
EmmanualJacques,GimmcHowardCarrollvEdmundWalshcaihcGeorgetown.McchcacucgpgltmhiutnhhnhVitNam
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v xc nh lp trng chnh tr ca hai anh em DimThc. Hai anh em tin rng Dim c an bi cai tr t nc (both Dim andThc
believedthatDimwasdestinedtorulehisnation).SkingiodnVitNamchchimmiphntrmchnglmchohaingibntm.(Thefact
thatVietnam,spopulationwasonlytenpercentCatholicmatteredlittleasfarasthebrotherswereconcerned...)nhDimnitrongbantirng
hailptrngkhnglaychuyncangqurrng.ngtintngvoquynlccaTothnhvngchngCngkchlit(Hebelievedinthe
PoweroftheCatholicChurchandHewasvirulentlyantiCommunist).Schdn,241.
Thtvy,ngoicun"TheAmericanPopeThelifeandTimeofFrancisCardinalSpellman"caJohnCooneydoTimeBookphthnh,trongquyn
"VietNamWhydidwego"caAvroMahattan(trang58),chuiskinnycngctrnhbylirrng:
"Spellman introduced Diem to William O. Douglas of the Supreme Court.The latter introduced Diem to Mike Mansfield and to John F. Kennedy, both
Catholicsandsenators.AllenDulles,directoroftheCIAadoptedhim.
Followingthedecisionofhisbrother,JohnFosterDulles,andofCardinalSpellman,whowasactingforPopePiusXII,Diembecometheirchoicehewas
goingtobetheheadofthegovernmentinSouthVietnam.
The decision has been taken, Dulles adviced France to tell Bao Dai to appoint Diem as Prime Minister. France, having by now decided to abandon
Vietnam,agreed.DiembecamePrimeMinisterinJune,1954.The19thofthesamemonth,BaoDaiinvestedDiemwithdictatorialpower.Thisentailed
notonlycivilianbutalsomilitarycontrol.DiemarrivedinSaigonJune26,1954andonJune7,setuphisowngovernment."
Tmdch:HngYSpellmangiithiungDimvingWiliamO.Douglas,ThmphnTiCaoPhpVin.ngnyligiithiungDimving
MikeMansfieldvngJohnF.Kennedy,chaiulThngNghstheoCnggio.ngGimcCIAAllenDullescnguchongDim.
Theoquytnhcaanhngtal(Ngoitrng)JohnFosterDullesvcaHngYSpellman,ngiidinchoGioHongPheroXII,ngDim
chtuynchn,ngslngicmuchnhphNamVitNam.
Saukhilyquytnhxong,ngDulleskhuyncochnhquynPhphyniviBoibnhimngDimlmThtng.Vlcbygic
quytnhbVitNamnnPhpng.ngDimtrthnhThTngvothng6nm1954.Ngy19cngthng,Boiphongchong
Dimtonquyn.Khngnhngquynkimsotdnsmcncqunsnatrntonquc.ngDimvtiSiGnngy26thng6vthnhlp
chnhphvongy7thng7nm1954.
Nhng b n lch s trn y cho ta thy ngay t trc nm 1950, ng Dim v khng th cng tc c vi Php v cu Hong Bo i na nn
hngvHoaK,mcucvnngnhpnhngcaVaticanvcquanCIAangthnhcngvichcvThtngkhiPhpthtbitiin
BinPh.Bygithtathyrrngtisaotrnngxutngoinm1950haingDimvThcligpgiosWesleyFisheltiNhtBn,nhn
vin cao cp ca c quanTnh boTrung ng M, ti sao trong "Bn Ging Lch S" linh mc Cao Vn Lun khoe khoang "C th ni rng nu
khngcchaHoussathsphnVitNamkhngchngkhc",tisaokhinthmSiGnthmlnhM,HngYSpellmantuynb:"ccanh
chinuchovnminhThinChaGio".Tnay,ngDimtrthnhngilnhtinnngnchnCngSnchoVaticanvHoaK.
ngsauvtungchnhtrny,tacnthythpthongbngdngmtnginbmtuyvaitrkhimnhngnhngkhngkmphnquantrng
lbNamPhngHongHu,mtntnCnggiongoanovcuytn.ngTnThtCn,contraicacThnthnPhchnhTnTht
HnvlbnthncangDim,thuytphcbNamPhngbgpvichngviiukinsaukhingDimcmquynphinng
HongtBoLong,ngicontraiulngcabvcavuaBoi.BernardFallchobitngDimquxungtrcbNamPhngnhn
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liuthc4.
Ngy16thng6nm1954,saumtbuitipkinviNgoitrngFosterDulles,QuctrngBoiksclnh38/QTbnhimngNgnh
DimlmThtng.SaukhingDimtuynbchpnhn,vuaBoibnkongvomtgianphngkcntrongludiThorence,nivuaBo
itrngtiCannes,trcbcthnhgiribtngth:
"Chacang,nghythsbotonlnhthqucgiamngitasgiaophchong.ngsbovqucgiachngliCngSnvnu
cnchngcngiPhp".
ngDimsuynghgiylt,nhnBoi,riquayliphathnhgi,ngnithm:
"Tixinth"5.
Klinhngskintrny,kgiKarnowvitrng:"SaukhibnhimngDimlmThtng,Boitolhuytchnhtrcamnhm
khngbit".
NhngskinvngNgnhDimnbiytQuctrngBoikhinhnchcThtngcncHillaireduBerrierktngtnhn,ng
nhcu"TngtrngtrctipviPhThTng"(trongchnhphBuLc)PhanHuyQutvngTnThtCnkchotinghe:
NgnhDimsaukhitgiHoaKnm1953,vBrinPhpvkhngthtrnhcconngdntingilui12phngtiCannes.Lc
y,vothng6nm1954,mtngithpnh,kd,lnhlng,thiuntvuitingtrcmtmtvCuHongmvntul"BmtuHong
Thng",mcdvcuHonglcbygichnhthcmangdanhhiulQuctrng.
Boibitrconngitnhtnhbtthnghaythayi,khithbnlnrtrnhngikhilinngnycccn,thngillmkhckhv
nhngnmthngcnthiutnhngi.Boibitconngicaongovngoanc.NuchnlamtvThtngtronggiphtTquc
lm nguy phc v hu hiu cho quc gia th Ng nh Dim m Bo i phi ch nh lmTh tng ch l con ngi c la chn sau cht,
nhngBoikhngclachnnokhchn.
QuxungtrcBoi,NgnhDimthtrungthnhvivHongcangta.triquabitbaothngtrmcayng,Boichpnhnmi
vicchlthngtnh.BoicqunnhngbuihihpysnggitiHngKngnmnmvtrc.Boibitrngconngitrcmtng
takhngbaogiqunthhnnhngBoivnlmphnvcangtalchnhNgnhDimlmThtngvitonquynthnhlpchnh
ph.LinicuicngcaBoil:"nghyhpnhtccgiophivocngngqucgia,thngnhtphntnccnlicachngta".
BNamPhngHongHu,cnglmttnCngThinChagionhngDim,khnkhonyucungDimhycuvnvtothlccho
nhNguyngipchoBoLong,contraicab.
BoikchongDimcingnphiumttriungbctchcnhngcucbiutnh"tpht"(spontaneousdemonstration)hulmxcng
ngiMvtohohngchodnchngVitNam.Dimbngnphiuvotiricmnvtu:"BmHongthng,nukhinoNgithytic
li,Ngichnimtliltixintchcngay".
Ngy26thng6nm1954,Dimvotui54,trvVitNamchpchnhvtythtrchnhimvphnngiM6.
66/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NhnnhvnhngnlcvthnhquvnngquctcangDim,tathyyutchnhquytnhnhngnlcvthnhqunyltngio
cangDim.Uytntrongnccang,vthchnhtrtrongnccang,csqunchngtrongnccang...quthtchlnhnghuthun
nhnhoikhnggipngmccnhcacaMvPhp.Trongcithchnhtrtonculcbygi,khimnibnntCngHo
Phpangdndnbngrv"trnchintranhbnthu",khimCngSnanghindinmtcchpotingNam,thnhucucacng
qucMlcanthipvoVitNamvimt"ngihngbnx"chngCng.MdinhnquanchnhtrvnhnvncaMvothpnin50,60
"ngihng"chngCngphilvchcthlmttnCnggiokhtn(nhcanhrutlchcsccaocpchnghn).ngDimthomn
ynhngiukincanhucuny.Vvnglngcvin"hpl"duynhtnnngcchn.Tngiocanganglni
danhvng,thcngchnhvtngiocang,msaunythnthsnghipcangphitantnh.
Myngytrc,ThtngPhpPierreMendsFrancectnnhimthnhlpmtniccvilihasthchincucngngbnting
Dngtrongvngmtthng.Ngaysaukhinhnchc,thtngMendsFranceliniunhvingChunLai,NgoitrngTrungCng.
ChonhngcgicnnghincukcnghnvgiaionkhaisinhrannNhtCngHonyquavicngNgnhDimcVatican,Hng
YSpellmanchnlavccquanCIAvbngoigiaoHoaKbotrcBoiclmThtngVitNamvonm1954,tinghxin
c k hai tc phm: "The American Pope The Life and Times of Francis Cadinal Spellman" ca k gi Cooney t trang 236 n trang 245, v
"Vietnam Why did we go?" caAvro Mahattan, t trang 51 n trang 75. Qua chi tit ca hai cun sch va k, ta thy qu tht ng Dim c
VaticanvHoaKcngsdnglmconcchngCngngNam.NithkhngphilchtrchngDim,khenhaychngtaltuvo
hnhnglnhoqucgiasauny.Nithchvsthtcalchsnhth.
Mtskinlchskhccngcnphicphntchchoral,lvicngDimkhinhnchcThtngkhngbitcqutrcBoinh
HilaireduBerriervittrong"BackgroundtoBetrayal"haykhng,mtrong"LeDragond'Annam",BoinichbtngDimthtrcCham
thi.
NgoiHilaireduBerrier,nhvnHongTrngMintrongcun"NhtPhuNhn"(trang389),hcgiNguynHinLtrongcun"ConngThin
L"(trang202),kgiBernardFalltrongcun"TheTwoVietnam"(tr.244)cngnulnvicngDimcqutrcNamPhngHongHutrongl
nhnchcThtngtiluiThorence:
"...Afterthreedaysofhesitasion,BaoDaiyielded.DiemreceivedabsolutedictatorialpoweronJune19.Fullyrealizingthathewasthrowinghisthrone
away,BaoDaiallegedlymadeDiemswearasolemnoathofalllegiancetohim,andseveralauthoritativewitnessesaffirmthatDiemalsosworeonhis
kneestoEmpressNamPhuongthathewould"doeverythinginhispower"topreservethethroneofVietnamforPrinceBaoLong,sonofBaoDai."
CthngNgnhDimkhngquchonnvuaBoikhngcpnchuynny,cngcthngNgnhDimcqumBoivt
nhkhngmunnin.
NhngnghchocngthclngNgnhDimqunhhnhngcuicngcachuinlcvnngnmchcThtng,trongkc
vicngNgnhLuyndngBoimtchictlnglymngHSKhunuratrongtcphm"HChMinh,NgnhDim,vMt
TrnGiiPhng"(tr.276)hocnhngNgnhLuynnCannesnghbiuBoi300triuFrancs(30triubcVitNam)nuBoicho
ngDimtonquyncngcuyquynbngvlc("VitNamNinbiuNhnvtCh"caChnho,tr.290).
Nhvy,rrngvicngDimcGiohongLaM,HngySpellmanvchnhgiiM"bng"vVitNamcmchnhquyn,vvicvuaBoi
btcdcngNgnhDimlmThtng,lnhngsthtlchscghiliminhbchvy,thm"trthc"CnggioNguynVn
Chctrongcunschgil"VitNamChnhS"lingubinchorngtcgiVNMLQHTvitsaivgiantr.
67/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Chctrongcunschgil"VitNamChnhS"lingubinchorngtcgiVNMLQHTvitsaivgiantr.
ngDimtParistrvncngy26thng6nm1954,sau5nmtrisngticcthqucthingoi.(Nmnmny,sau,ca
vophnmucabica"SuytnNgTngthng"..."Aibaonmtnglgtniqungi..."btbuchtsaubiquccacnbngvi40
nmbitxutranhcangHChMinh).
StrvcangDimkhnggychohngnotrongkhiqunchngVitNam.ngDimkhngcntipnhmtanhhngtngu
tranhchotnc.Rrngtntuingtakhnglmbclatronglngnhndn.Ch500ngigmnhngquanliginua,chcscCnggio
vnhnvincaocpcachnhphnchongtatiphitrng.NhngnginnnhlnhoqucgiamikhngngrngkhingDim
bcrakhiphiclsitrnconngvinhquangmauchng,tuytvngvsmmualycicht.7
Sauny,khibitccucntipngDimthiusthamdcanhndn,titrchmcngNhuvngVVnHikhnghuyngning
boibiutnhngontipshihngcalnht.
BuintiptuyyphnnghilnhngthiuhnqunchngnchotrarngngDimkhngcthclcqunchngngh.Vli,500
ngicmttiTnSnNhthmquthtkhngidinmtchtnocho25triungiVitNamtrnmtphplcngnhchnhtr,trn
mtlinitnhcmcngnhlinitinhthn.
MtngitngchngBoivchngPhpthkhngthtrvvidntclnhoqucgiabngmtsclnhcaQuctrngvtrnmt
chicmybaycctamti.Trnghpvkhungcnhphhpvinhngthohipcamtcucvnngchnhtrhutrng,hnlkt
qucamtquyttmxthnutranhchotnc,chonnnhndnVitNamnichung,vqunchngSiGnniringvnkhngtmc
shohngchomngngDimtrongngytrvcang.
Nhnglc,iviti,tminBcxaxm,vsau5nmtrngingyvcangilnhotchc,ngyngDimvnclmtngyhiln,
lsthnhtuca12nmutranhcholtngcamnhxuynquahnhbngcangNgnhDim,lngymnhngtratntrongngct,
nhnglybitvivcon,nhnghimnghotronglanbtumbngkttrithnhivinhquang.Tikhngcndudimnambc
bchhnvihaingibncngkholThiutLamSnviuNguynChnhThivtnglaichcnchcatnc,vchilchscho
phpngDimscquntrqucgiamtcchdnch,scthithtinngtrongcucthhngviCngSn.
Tuynhin,saunhngphtvuimngbngbtutin,tibtulouchongDim.tngsnggialngquhngttrccuckhng
Php,tnglmvicchungvingiPhptrongchBoi,lchngnhncabaonhiubincchnhtr,baonhiulalcphntrc,ti
bitngDimsphiiquamtbimnnchmvibaonhiukhkhnphctpcmbyangching.Cthhn,lmtsquancptthm
nin,tibitrthamvngvtnhtnhcatngNguynVnHinhvtinhthnqunidiquynngta.Nhngthctnysltrlckhkhn
nguyhimutinmngDimkhngthtrnhc.nhrngtronggiaion,qunikhngphilyutquytnhnhngthayiquan
trngcatnhhnhchnhtrVitNam,nhngmtmtno,qunidiquyntngHinh,mtngiPhpmangtnVit,lisccntr
nhngkhochcangDim.Hayixahn,cthtiuditngayscmnhphplvchnhtrcnmongmanhcavtnThtng.
Bitnhthmlibitrtrnalkhc,chonndiukinkhkhnvphngtinbhnch,ticngphilmmicchgipcngDim
phnnohayphn.Tuyntruyn,gicngvnlthkhgiihuhiunhtchonntibnvitrtnhiuthchoccbnbtchthnns
giao,choccsquanthntnnhiuqunkhu,nhiunv,nichohbitmuncunc,munqucgiakhirivotayCngsn,muncnc
tchnchnthphinghchoThtngNgnhDimvtthngmithlcchngingta.ViccsquanminTrungnhNguynNgc
68/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
L,LVnNghim,ThiQuangHong,TnThtnh,...tikhngngnnginithngchohbitrngtngHinhvnhngtaysaicaPhpstm
cchtrithngDim.Tiyucuhnlchotnglikobnb,cngsvincahtheoconngchnhngha.Mctiucatilxydng
chongDimmtchlc,nukhngcthtnhtlmthuthuntrongquni,iphvicungvngcatngNguynVnHinhsau
ny.
TiHni,nitihc,cbnlpquns:lpTrungontrng,lpThammutrng,lpTiuontrng,vlpiitrng,tngskho
sinhgm150ngi,mkhittnghipnhngsquannyscbnhimvoccchcvchhuy.Tidngluniu"ngDimccn,Vit
Nammicn"tcngtinhthnh.ThiutLamSn,iuNguynChnhThicngngquanimvitivsaunyhccngtrongvic
gipngDimchnglilclngcatngHinh.Sauny,binctncbchiaingy20thng7bihipcGenvedosbtlccaPhp
vccchnhphcachBoi,cngchotithmyuttuyntruynhutngcnguytnvlptrngqucgiachngPhpcang
Dim.
Ngy30thng6,khingDimraHNiquansttnhhnhminBcvthmdnhnshuthnhlpnicc,thtnhhnhchinstiBc
Vitnhiktthctronghnlon,itVanuxemmcuchnhqunAuvergneditnkhiminNamcaBcVit(Thibnh,NinhBnh,
Namnh...cctnhcnhiugiophnvnbtcaPhp)trongcgngtrnhnhngtnthtdocucrtqungyra.ThnhphHNitrnngp
dnditnccvngny,hsnglltccvahvxxtvinhnvincnglc.VngnhBoimttrong"LeDragond`AnNam",hl
nhngngiCnggio,lclngmngDimtincyslhuthunminBcnhnghchlotmngchytrnvoNam.
QuytnhrtluicaquniPhpnhcngimnhthitanlclngny,vnhindinvtntiphnlnnhnngdavoscmnhca
chnhquningoibang.Khicyngthnhngbmbpbmdavocngngtheolun.
KhinhnchcThtngviBoi,ngDimkhngngchinstiBcVitlisuyspnhanhnth,khithtrcthnhgis"bovtonvn
lnhth",ngDimhontonkhngnmvngctnhhnhsbinchuyntheochiuhngno.NhsutccucingDim(vcanh
emngna)chngminh,hlunlunchquan,khngthct,vnhtlchchomnhlng,lnht.
KhiqunPhprtlui,tmtrngbbricaccgiophncchnhitVanuxemklitronghikcangquathituytvngmt
cchnhcnhcaGimmcPhmNgcChithucgiophnBiChu,mtthibbrinntrlicoingibnPhpnmxanhkth8:
Mtngykia,tiNamnh,nicbchhuycati,ngitabochotibitcmtsccvgiophmCnggioVitNamcaaphntixinvo
thm,titiphmtcnhngtpho.Cthycbnngi,cmubigimmcPhmNgcChithucgiophnBiChu,vsaunythuc
giophnNngvlunlunlbnthncati.
ntrcmtti,ngbnquxungtronglcticngdy,ngni:"Khng,tixinliit.Chngtixinliit.Chngtictngrng
qucgiachngtixngngcclpmchngtacbnphngipnhngchngtinhnraqumunrngnhngngimchngti
trngcy(ngiPhp)lilnhngkthcachngti,nhngkthmunchngtimtlinhhn".
Vanuxemktlunrng:
Thtlmtthmhotolnkhinhngnhnvtlnhotinhthnbucphihmnhnhcnhtrcmtqunnhn.Tnglaichothyttc
thmho.
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GiophnBiChuhptcvphcvquniPhpngaytngyutinPhptrliBcVit.Giophnnybinmtsgiongth
Chathnhphoiquns,khuynkhchthanhninCnggiogianhpPhLcBinhchoquniPhp.Tnhtrngcagiodntrcvinnh
TyiCngvrrngrtnguyhimvrtngtinghip,nhngkhngphivthmmtvtuscaocplnhotinhthncamttngioc
truynthnghysinhtvolicthquxungtrcmtqunnhnngoiquccukhnhlibngnhnglunctrchmc,ginhn.
CchthhnhsvnidunglicukhnkhngnhnglmaulngnhngtnCnggiochnchnhmcnlmchonhngngboVit
Namcanghthnna.(Sauny,khidicvoNng,GimmcPhmNgcChitrthnhmtlnhtcangCnLaotiminTrungbn
cnhlnhchaNgnhCn.KhngtrchgqunchngvPhtgiotiminTrungbkhnkhvcngkhngtrchgvnhngnginhvy,
mchNgnhDimbtondncmthltvonm1963).
ctinngDimnHNi,tibntidinhThHingpchomngng.Mtmngchatimtngnngi,donhmccngLQuang
LutvHongBVinh(hainhnsCnggioBc)tchc,angcmquckvtrngbiungdinhnhtrcdinhThHinchomngv
tnThtng.TivabunvaginvsngithamdqutisovidnsHNilcbygi,nhtldnslivactngcngnhs
dnCnggiotnntcctnhmin.TinghthmnhthvmrangngvicccnbcaThhinNguynHuTr(thucngiVit),
vnkhngagngDim.
KhingDimnbcthmvodinhThHinththyti,tivicholn"thaC".ngDimnhntivalvngcnhinmtcchvuimngv
niln:"!ccanhMuyna'.Tichakpnithmlinothnhnglnghiquncchvanglnkongvoisnh.Tuyhntinhng
16tuivxacchgnsunmtri,tivnkhngthynggithmbaonhiu.Bcicangvnngnvthonthot,chcdngngitrngc
vbvhntrongbuphctrng.Bitngcnbnrnvinhngnghil,tivirimngtrvquntrng.Nhlingynhnctinng
DimcngHChMinhtrtdotimngbaonhiuthhmnay,gplingtrongcnhhuyhongcastthnhngun,timngby
nhiu.iviti,mtcnhntmthng,mtcnbutranhchctmlngsontrangtrichoquhng,thskinngDimnmcchnh
quynlmtthnglivivacatquc,vacatchc,vvacachnhmnh.Mihainmgiantrunvotrakhm,mihainmkhng
bitcmimgianh,mihainmcmcchotchcsngcn...nhcunphimdichttunttrnhchiulinhmtthongvcu.Ti
mngmngtitinrincmtvtrongmtthongngnngi,chtthytritBcmaHmngtngohngnngmaXun.
Haingysau,ngDimchongimitivodinhThHinthmhitnhhnhchins,tnhtrnggiacnh.ngbttiklichongngheiu
kinhotngcatnganhemtrongnhmvringtithkhinomnkhovNam.ngcngchobitlmiv,cngviccnaoanvnhiu
khkhn.Saunhngphtnngnhitbanucacucgpg,ngtrlivitrngthimchiu,ntloumtmihinrratrncpmtkmlinh
ngghbnkia,ngNhungivibmtkhnolml.cgnmttingnghthtingdychovvbnngoicngichvo
gp.
RangoihnhlangdinhThHin,tigpcTChngPhngvngVVnHi,bnthcmcvihvntmtutcangDimvngNhu.
ngHichakptrlithcPhngni:"HmquaNhumibngClachomttrnnnthn'.CPhngnhclignnguynvnling
DimgaygtvingNhu:"ChnhinquaPhpbotimivicnhuxongxuisnsngcri,bygitivligpkhngbitbaonhiul
khkhn.Khngaithmhptcviti,ngaycngChvngToncngtchi(tclbcsNguynXunChvbcsLTon,haingch
cangDimtrongphongtroCnghotngBcVitdithiNhtchimng).Tikhnglmvicctrongtnhcnhny,vSiGn
ritisrai..."TuyngDimnithnhnghaianhemngvnlinlcthmd,mimtschnhkhchthamdvonicccang.Saugnhai
tunlVitNamkhngcchnhph,ngy7thng7tiSiGn,niccNgnhDimutinramtqucdnvithnhphnnhsau
NgnhDim:ThtngkimTngtrngNiv,kimTngtrngQucphng.
TrnVnChng:QucVKhanh.
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TrnVn:TngtrngNgoiGiao.
TrnVnCa:TngtrngTichnh,Kinht.
PhanKhcSu:TngtrngCanhnng.
guynTngNguyn:TngtrngLaongvThanhNin.
TrnVnBch:TngtrngCngchnhvGiaoThng.
NguynDngn:TngtrngGioDc.
PhmHuChng:TngtrngYTvXHi.
NgoiracncmtsBtrngnh:
TrnQuangThnh:BtrngPhThtng.
LQuangLut:BtrngThngTin.
NguynNgcTh:BtrngNiV.
LNgcChn:BtrngQucphng.
BiVnThinh:BtrngTPhp.
NguynVnThoi:BTrngKinhT.
TrnHuPhng:BTrngTiChnh.
PhmDuyKhim:PhtngnvinPhThtng9
Nhnvothnhphnchnhphtrnytathycmtsnhnvtcuytn,cthnhtchutranh,skhclnhngnhtrthckhoabnghocl
thnhphnquanlic,nhngkhngcnhnvtnonmgainmmtxthnchoCchmngchngPhpchngVitMinhnhanhemngDim
thnghho.ViasnhngTng,Btrngtrongnicclicngchabaogi"cmsngkhngchin"nhlituynbcangDimti
HngKngnm1950khingbtucuchnhtrnhvnngquct.
iumamailtrongs16nhnvtcngtcvingDimtrongchnhphutinny,chtrccngNguynDngnvPhmDuyKhiml
khngnghenincmuthunvchngivingDimhaychcang,14vcnlidndnungtrongtthilphoctrthnhk
thcangDim.NgaynhhaingBiVnThinhvTrnChnhThnh,nhngngitngchiascayng,nglaocngkhvingDimtrong
71/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhngnm1954,1955,mricngbbciphiirancngoitheochnhsch"clmVuathualmis".KsTrnvnBchchv
khngchuh"NgThtngmunnm"tronglchocmbmtchc,bgncholthnBnhXuynvbtheodi 10.ngNguynNgcTh,
ngibnchthncangDim,cucngricngtheophecchmng11163.ngNguynVnThoilmBtrngmythngricngchnnn
tchcbncraiv.v...
Mtimcnluyltnm1956,nghalkhongtmthngsaukhitrutphCuhongBoivthnhlpnnCngHo,chnhphban
hnholutxemngy7thng7nhmtqucl(lSongTht)vngthibi"SuytnNgTngThng"chtsaubiquccatrongttc
milchoquckcattcmitrnghp(BihtitnvinhcnhnNgTngthnganhminhcunguychodntc),mtrongphnip
khcccu"TondnVitNamnhnNgTngthng.NgTngthng,NgTngthngmunnm"cqunchngnhilimtcchchm
biml"TondnVitNamnhnthtiu.Thtiu,Thtiungongh!".LsongthtvbicasuytnNgTngthnglmtsbtchc
thkchvthtnhntmcangylSongThp,vnlquckhnhcaTrungHoaDnqucknimngycchmngTnHithnhcng(10
101911).Thkchvhnhthcvmtbnlvinhdanhmtcuccchmng,mtbnlsuytnmtcnhnvthtnhntmlvnidungcan,
mtbnmtlimtcuccchmnggiankhpnnqunchphongkin,cnmtbnmtlimtcnhn"baonmlgtniqungi"
maicngbitl"lgt"ivnngchnhtrchkhngphixutdngutranhcchmnggiankh.
TinghipngDimtngchngliBoiri"lgt"tVitNamquaRome,quaMmongcuhaithlcnyangvnclmlnht,
khngngngcnbucphiquacicuBoinamimonglmcThtng.TheolinhmcCaoVnLuntrongBnGingLchSthgia
nm1953,ngDim"lgt"tMquaPhpmongcugpcQuctrngnhngchchcbathngtrimkhngcQuctrngtipkinlm
chongbnchn,lou,bctcnphitrchmcthanth.ThythilnhmcaCuhongBoi,ngDimliphi"lgt"quaBi
thi.ChonkhiNgoitrngFosterDullesytkinvuaBoivnngchongDim,vuaBoimichutipkinngDimvsauc
nglmThtng.
ChlmtThtngcQuctrngchnhchkhngphidoconngcchmngmlncmquynchonnccvnkinnhsclnh,nh
D,v.v...ngphik"thalnhcQuctrng".Saukhithnhlpchnhphmngtngchtrchchngi,ngDimcNgoitrngTrn
VnvngNguynHuChu,mtlutsdanhting,anhemctchovingNgnhNhu,ithamdhinghGenvethaythphionca
chnhphBuLcdogiosNguynQucnhcmungthibnhimngHongCBnhgichcchtchUBanBoVBcVitthayth
ngNguynHuTr,ThhinBcVit,mtnhnvtthucngiVit.
TrchnhimngDimlphibotonttcnhngphntcaphequcgiavncVitNamphitonvnlnhthnhnguyncamingi
qucgiavnhngthtrcthnhgivtrcQuctrngBoi.Nhngnghontonthtbi.
TiphnghilncaLinHipQuctiGenve,trngphionVitNamlNgoitrngTrnVn,mcdkhnnglluncthavlng
yunccuncun,vnkhngngncktqucamtthccspsnri.Thcoannghitctttncthnhhaiminnhng
thohipcacccngquccththnhhnhtrnmulca25triungidnVitNam.
ThmcuNgoitrngTrnVngichotinhkmtrongphnPhlclmttiliulchsquginilnniaulngcamtnhNgoi
giaothtth.NgoitrngTrnVnkhngkhclctihinghGenvenhmtsngivitsthudt,vtnhtochichoCngSn
tuyntruynngcli,chnhngphnikchlitThtngMendsFrance,trngphionPhp,ihiPhpphiaralituynblong
trngcngnhnVitNamhontonclp.tra,trongnhnggiyphtcnvtuytvngnht,ngcngphibyctmlngsonvit
ncquhng.
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CntiBcVit,ngHongCBnh,chtchUbanBovBcVitnhtnhkhngmunrtluikhiminBc,ngthnhlptrungonTh
bovHNi.NgiPhpthythicngrncangcthgytrngichovicthihnhnhngiuquynhcahipcGenvennlmp
lcviThtngDimctchcngta.ngDimnhphinhngbngiPhpvcngLQuangLutanglmBtrngThngTintiSi
GnraHNithaythngHongCBnh,giitntrungonThvtchccuctritthoiccccuqucgiatrongvng300ngytheoqui
nhcahipcGenve.
Trcvcchgntrnnatricu,vobuichiungy20thng7nm1954,Molotov,trngphionNgaS,triutpmtbuihpkhng
chnhthctibitthLeBocageningtaangtrng,ngBedellSmithcaphionMvNgoitrngTrnVnkhngcmithamd.
HindintibuihpcMendsFrance,ChunLai,NgoitrngEdencaAnh,vngPhmVnng.ngngmubngnghchiai
VitNamtheovtuyn16,MendsFrancevnnhtnhivtuyn18.Saumthibnciquytlit,cuicngMolotovlnting:"Thihyng
vinhauvtuyn17i"vtitholunchuynquathibiuchocuctngtuyncthngnhttnc.11
SphnVitNamthlcnhotbngmtcuntncamtvinchcngiNgatrongmtbitthkncngcaotngcancThus.
KhngcaitrongbuihplchslngiphaVitNamqucgiac.
Hipc20754nyquinhchmdtmihnhngthnghchgiaccphelmchin,tmchiancVitthnhhaimintivtuynth17trong
lcchimtcuctngtuynctonqucvomahnm1956.(TheonhiusschngoiqucthtrccuchptibitthLeBocage,Chu
nLai,NgoitrngTrungCng,gpringngPhmVnngvchobitlphichpnhnvtuyn17).
Nhvylsau10nmmulavvihnbntrmngnthngdnvqunnhnchtchaipha,chngha,ch,xhivconngiCng
SnbtucngkhaixuthinvquntrminBc.CntiminNamVitNam,chnghavchgilqucgiabtubinmtnhngli
chomtchnghavmtchgil"chngCngkiuCngGio",dHinphpcgilncCngHo,cginhchqucgialTngthng
ch,vdgiaitnglnhocgichthuytchoqucgialnhnv.
o0o
CuithngBy,tuychamnkhonhnglpcachngticngphixungHiPhngituditnvoNam.Nmgichiu,contuSaintMichelt
tribn.ngtrnboongtu,tinhnliquhngminBclncht,lngtittrccnhbitly.
MinBckhngphilnichnnhauctrnnhngBcTrungNamnhumnhvtaychn,nilinmuxngruttht,nayminBcrivotay
CngSn,quhngQungBnhcatirivotayCngSn,tiaunnhthymtimtphnthnthcamhin.TheoGiaphhnh
tithnixutphtcaginghtivnnmmnSnTy,BcVitgnvngtHngVngdngnc.Nhngvcuccbinthin,hocvlon
ly,hocvnhngthngvongcacctriui,mtsconchuhtheoNamtincadntctridtntQungBnh,dnglitrnb
sngLinhGiangsaudyoNgang,lpthnhlngThNga.Cncvotruynthuytvgiaphthttinchngtithucdngdithins
Thun.TheoVitNamPhtGiosLuncaNguynLang(tcThngToThchNhtHnh)vHaingnnmVitNamvPhtGiocaLKhi
Vitth"ThinsThunxutgiahicnthu,cthintivthphvvnchng,chcgiLQuncthtruytng:"CuthPhp
Thun,sTngkhenhay.BicaChnLunidanhmttha".ChnhngcngvithinsKhungVitdngnghthutphsmgipLHon
nmlyquynbnhtrongcucochnhnhonm980.TrongbuiusngnghipcatriuL,ngccngthitkvquytnhchnhsch
qucgia,nhngkhithinhthibnhrithkhngchunhnphongthng.VuaLiHnhrtknhtrng,khnggitn,chxnghlPhp
smthi."12
73/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChonnhmnayxatBc,laquchattcathixaxa,chngnhngtiphilycchmtphnquhngrutthtmcnvnhbitlunmin
tcagcrcingun.Giy,niTnVinghiduQucTHngVng,sngHngHbaophennhummuqunthphngBc,HNiba
misuphphng,thnhcThngLongngnnmvnvtvichaTrnQuc,hHonKim,gnga,nNgcSn,ttcnisnghng
v,cnhvtcmtyukiuchcnlnhnghnhbngcatmtngtrongcnhtrichiubnglng,rivtungthnhvnmnhkckhicon
tuttlabnCngrakhi.Lngtisethtli.
nSiGn,nhnglphccachngticchuynvoBTngThamMutiptcchonngymnkhogncuithng9.Tronglcth
iphtthanhqunicatngHinhvnrarngymcngkch,ph,thchthcThtngNgnhDim.
Ngychngtimnkha,tngNguynVnHinhchotchcmtbuitictrtinhringcaitTrnVnnChLnvolc7gichiu
chcmngccsquanttnghip.KhichngtinniththyttunhiusquannhitTrnVnn,LVnKim,TrnVnMinh,cc
TrungtNguynKhnh,TrnTOai,DngVnc...vnhngsquanthucphnghai,phngnm,vphngsu,phngchintranhTmL,Nha
AnNinhQuni,nghalnhngsquanthucbphnchnhtrvtnhbo,nhngsquanthnthuccatngNguynVnHinh.chngiti,
tngHinhmin,theosaulcmtonxehtngccxeJeeptrangbtrunglin.ngralnhchottcccsquantrongbuiticngvng
trnchungquanhng.Saukhingnimylichomngccsquanmnkhocclpquns,nltccsquanphtcangphtbiu
kin.Ttcudngmtthngntvmtthluniunnglikch,hnhcThtngNgnhDim.HchnglTunV,lngu
thncaphongkinthint,ltaysaicaquctbnM,ltrntrnhrancngoivnnglmThtngtronglcqundnhysinh
xngmuchngCngSn,lngimtnbtvng...CuicngmtsquantrthucphngNmtmlccclitrnhbyringhquniphi
ochnhngDimculyminNam.HcnvngDimlmtthFaroukvkugitngHinhnoigngNasser,ngihngAiCp.Hh
holthicnchotngHinhcplychnhquyn.TngHinhvttcccsquanthuchcangnhntiviimtvachdiuva
khiukhchvhbitqurtilcnbctcncangDim.
Baovybimtnhmngithnghchlmchomucmthsisctrongtimganti.Tronggiypht,trongkhungcnh,tichtnhnNg
sPhannhPhng,trcbatrmcmbinhcaTnThtThuytmvncanmnglnoaidngkttivinphchnhlngquyncc,dm
triliuthccavuaTckhivuavamibngh:"cTinHongvaminhmmtmngilmvictringhchdichiunhththt
khngcnonghaqunthnmtchtno.HungchiTnqun(vuaDcc)chacligmnginhlmvicphlpcnd,saochophi
l?"NhlithigandcachsPhannhPhngtrcmttriuthnmcnt,xunng,tichtqunhnhoncnhcamtqunnhntrc
thngcpmchcnbnglnlngcmphncamtcnbmltngvlnhtcamnhangbxcphm.Khngmtchtphnvn,tibn
gitayxinphtbiukin:"ThaTrungtng,tixinhiailmmtnanc,cphiltithcdnvtaysaikhng?VytisaoTrungtngv
ccsquankhngkttithcdnvtaysaimlicngkchngDimmtcchvthcnhth.TixinhingDimmivnccmquyn,ng
lmnhnglilmgmiochnhngta?".ThiutLamSnngbntaymtcati,thccichvohngtivninh:"ngnina
mnguyhim".NhngtivnhnghnlnntngHinhvtaysaithcdn,cngniticngtotinghn.TrungtTrnnhLan,mtloiTyda
vng,concabcsTrnnhQu,tnglmbcstnhti,tnglmThtrngLtmtibitclailchgianhrtr,rtsnglcchavo
mttimniln:"Mycimmingkhng,ninataobntanxc".iuNguynChnhThingphatritivigitaylncan.Tbuihp
nhumbukhngkhnghtthnngntrongkhinhmtaychnbhcatngHinhxmxtonh.Titmmtchicghngixung,mthmhm
chitngHinhralnhbtgiam.Nhngringtavntiyn.SaunytinghenilirngngHinhnhochnhngDimxongmibtti
vbtlcbygismangting.Tictn,tiviuNguynChnhThicngv,cncmtssquantritheovabov,vabcbch
sngngm.TrunguNguynHunh,ngiCnggio(saunylmtngvinCnLao,TrungtphtchotiNhaAnNinhQuni)gim
vni:"nemxinknhphcnanh,vohanghmmkhngscp.nemxin"chapeau".
Vncthcchnhtrlinmvngtnhhnhquni,tinhthnsquannntidliurtngthamvngvcatngNguynvnHinhv
phenhmcangtaiviThtngNgnhDim.Vphnti,tribaogiannguymticnkhngengithsgnhngktaysaithcdn,
74/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ucvbin,hamlidanh,khnghiubitgthith.
Ngaytihm,khongnam,tivodinhcLpxinytkinThtngvklichongDimnghestnhbaticvaqua,ngthitrnh
bynhngnhnnhcativochnhcatngHinh.ngDimnghexongchkhuyntilnsaungliunhth,nhngtrngngcv
bunruvhtscut.Snghmsau,ngsaingNgnhLuynnnhtngHinhtiChLniunh,nidungiunhnhthno
ticngkhngr.
ThicngquytvhunghncatngHinhcngvinhngplccaPhpvcucniloncaBnhXuynsaunyclclmchong
DimdnhbncrainhLinhmcCaoVnLunmttrongcun"BnGingLchS".
TngyngDimvlmThtng,tngHinhbytthibtmncangbngcchchoiphtthanhQunilintckchngDim,
mtkhcthnhlpmttchcbmt,"ngCon",lmhuthunchnhtrchongta,ngthibtrbntiuontinhngaimhuyt
mchcaThnh.TicnnhmttrongbntiuonnydoiuAlbertCaochhuy 13,ngimsaunynhltnCngGionnlic
ngDimtincyvtrngdng.
Sutmahnm,tngHinhphihpvinhmBnhXuyncaByVintmcchkhiukhchvmmuphhoitnchnhph,cbitnhm
vocnhnngDim.HinhchophngNmintruynnrikhpSiGnChLnktnngDim.clnngDimyucuvuaBoigii
nhimtngHinhnhngkhngnhnctrli.Bitvy,tngHinhlicnglnghnhhn,nmcthngphccixemtchytrncc
phchnhcaThdngoaividnchngvthchthcquynhnhcaThtngph.
Trcnhngkhiukhchvkhinhthng,tichthyngDimlinlcviphangiMnhcanthip,vringngNhuthkhnghnhthnh
nimtlclngqunchngcphnngthchhp.Nhngngchcnbc,hocbtlitvbvngmcvobmynhncchachy
nhpnhng,hocvqutrnhhotngchabaogikttinhthnhmttchcutranhcquic,nnlc,mingi,trongcngvcamnh,
tlysngkinmhotngringr.
Trongtnhtrng,tiroritikhpccnvthphthinvngvinccsquantmhuythybitphnbitchnht,hybitphn
bitvnsngchtcaqucgia,caquni,vthtrcmtschnladtkhotgiaThtngDimhaytaysaicathcdnPhp.Ti
vnngcmtskhngsquantr,cbitcTrunguNguynHuHnh,mtcngsvinthntncaitDngVnMinh,angl
ChhuytrngQunvThtrnSiGnChLn.TichthtbimtlnkhilnTrungtmQuangTrungtuyntruynchoTrungtTrnTOai.
OaihmhmnhcmngDimvgnnhmunuitirakhivnphng(ngOaihinPhp).
Tronglcthtthng6nm1954,nghalkhihipnhGenvecharai,vmtthngtrckhingDimcbnhimlmThtng,i
t Edward G. Lansdale c mt Vit Nam vi mt nhm chuyn vin tnh bo khong 15 ngi nm trong Phi B Qun S Si Gn (Saigon
MilitaryMission)vihainhimvrtrrng:Thnht,tiuditkhnngphhoicatnhboPhpvtaysaidnngchongDimddng
cngcquynlcvthhailxynhngvinutinlmcschoshindinchnhtrhpphpvttyucangiMtiVitNam.Sau
,mtcchchnhthchn,tngCollinsxuthinbncnhThtngDimvngnschvintrbatrmtriuMkimcNgoitrngDulles
thokhonchoVitNam.mtkchthckhcvbmthn,ThiutLucienConein(thuchcaLansdale)chhuymtkhochphhoimin
Bctrc,trongvsaukhihipnhGenvechiulc.
CuithngChn,ticlnhTngThamMutrvtrnhdinnvcNhaTrangthucphnkhuDuynHi,lcbygidoitNguynNgc
Llmtlnh.TiNhaTrangcncThiutngNguynVnVn,tlnhqunkhu3,ngbchhuytiyvmtsnvkhctminBcdi
75/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cvotmtrcchtiphitrvccnvaphngkhc.Vingytrckhirai,titrnhbyvingVVnHivbcsBiKinTn
(hinM)nhstchcmtchinkhutivngDuynHingDimcthtrvsdngnhmtcncatrongtrnghpngDimb
tngHinhochnhnhbtrakhiSiGn.
BcsBiKinTnlmtngitngnghngDimttrcnm1945,gianhnggipnhiuchongDimkhingDimcnviem
lNgnhLuyntis2ngArmandRousseautrongChLn.Nm1954,bcsTntrthnhbcsringcangDimvsauthayngL
QuangLutlmBtrngThngTin,khingLutraBcnhnchcibiuChnhphtiBcVit.
Saukhinghetitrnhby,bcsTnnghtinnthngbokhochchoPhibQunsMbit,vsnghmsau,bcsTndnconlng
BiKinThnh(hinPhp)vhaingiMphtchoLansdalevodinhcLp,nitiangtmtrtmgpti.Titrnhbyvnguyntc
tngqutchohbitrngquniVitNamtiminTrung,domtssquantmhuytchhuy,nhtnhschngitngHinhvngiPhp
nkcng.NungDimbltbngbtkphngcchnovbibtkthlcnothchngtisxydngminTrungthnhmtqucgia
clpvachngCngsnphngBc,vauitaysaiPhpphngNam.HaingiMkhngtranhlunviti,hchghinhnvctm
thmchitit,hnglicangitinhthnqucgiacachngtivhasbocolnthngcpchtrnglpChinkhucachngti.
thcchnhtrchotibitrnggiaionnylcicduynlchsduynhtdntccthchmdtvnhvinshindinnngnvungthi
cathcdnPhptrntncti.VythdchaykhngcngDim,ticngphitmcchkhaidngcicduynny.BcchngCng,Nam
uiTychlcithttyunhngcphnnguyhimhnKhngMinhngyxamunthnhhnhchinlctamphn,nghoTnQuyn,Bc
cToTho.NhngcchngcCngSnphngBcvcuictaysaiPhpphngNamhaykhng,lcbygi,iviti,cha
phillcnginghincutnhcchkhthican.TichbitlphinghngDimchocithcuiPhpchngCngthnhhnh.Cnnung
Dimkhngcnthtuycchnhcckhcnhngthcvnphinhvy.
VnNhaTrang,tingpitNguynNgcLngay.ngLlngitmhuytnhngtmuc.TitrnhbychongbitrngnungDim
phiraihaybltthngiPhpsthihnhhipnhGenve,nghalsauhainm,CngSnschimtrnminNamthngnhttnc.
Chonndcchtbygihaysauhainmthcnglcht,quniVitNamphicthivhnhngcthcungDimbygitcl
cuchominNammaisau.TibnvingLlsnnganglmTlnhPhnkhuDuynHi,clclngqunitrongtay,lithmnhngs
quanchhuytrngcctiukhu,cctiuonulngithntnvinght,cngviclpchinkhubinminduynhithnhtBaThckhng
khkhng.imkhkhnduynhtlshindincatngVn,nguynTlnhQunkhu3tBcvo,angngtiNhaTrang.
TilinnghngLtriutpngaymtbuihpgmcTrungtNguynQuangHonh,chhuytrngtiukhuPhanThit,ThiutThiQuang
Hong,chhuytrngtiukhuPhanRang,ThiutHunhCngTnh,chhuytrngtiukhuNhaTrang,viuLKhng,chhuytiuon82
ngtithnhDinKhnhcchtnhlNhaTrang10cys.Ngyhmsau,cuchpdinratinhngLgnbbin.Vckhochsnnn
titrnhbychititchoanhemtholunthm,cnngLthkhnkhokchnglngyunccaanhemcuicngbuihpinquytnh
chunglphicungDim.Bnngysau,mtcuchpmtkhcctchctimtaimtrongmtdynithuchuynSnHiphang
tnhNinhThun.Thamdbuihpny,ngoishindincaanhemqunnhn,ticnmithmbangidnstonlbnthncativc
thnihlnhngchinskincung.lPhanXngtLtxung,NguynvnHayPhanRang,vTChDip,tcNguynPhanChu
chugicTChngPhngbngBc,tQuiNhnvo.VphaqunscnciuNguynKhngvTrunguHQuangGic,nhngsquan
tmhuytvclngyunucrtcao.(NguynKhungvnlcngsvinvitikhicnlmchnhimtunbo"TingGi"Hu).Chngtiphn
cngchoThiQuangHonglpchinkhung.TChDipsa50thanhninngvincaanhtatBnhnhvochinkhulmcnb
chnhtrnngct,iuNguynKhngphtrchthngtintuyntruyn.PhanXngvLtloiphviNgLmQun.Chngtinhlinhmc
NguynvnS(cchNhaTrang5cys)lovicintruynn,cnnhthcaChasbinthnhtrsbmt.ThiutNguynQuangHonh
nmlytnhPhanThitviuNguynKhngvKhnhHosasonemqunlnnitchcthmchinkhu.Sptxong,ngLvtivli
76/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NhaTrangvchoiuHunhvnCaovomttrnhvidinhThtng.
YutmuchtcakhochnylthnhlpcvichinkhugythanhthvtoplcchnhtrvSiGn.plcchnhtrnyxutphtt
cqunlndnthslmtnbylngipngDimthmscmnhtrongthchnhtrmngphingu.Nhngmtkhc,yutmucht
cnglimcnhiushnhttrongkhochvchngtikhngcnhiuthgichunbchuohutonnyutbtng.Vvy,saukhi
ThiutThiQuangHongdichuynucmtsnvlnChinkhungrithtnhbocaPhpphctrnhchoBThamMuvtngHinhc
phnngquytlitlin.
TngHinhnhcnginralnhchotungVnnmtonquynchhuyPhnkhuDuynHivitLphilnngtrnhdinBTngTham
mutckhcnhnlnhthuynchuynilmChhuytrngckhuPhQuc.ctnhbochobitngLvtilhainguichlctrongk
hochny,tngVnbnchomttrungin"htng"ngLlnmybayvoSiGn,vnphitrngTnSnNhtthcsquancatng
HinhnvBTngThammu.Trnungtphitrngv,ngLlacvsquananninh,cmlytaylixerichythngvodinhTh
Tungvtmtrtilun.
RingphntithTngVncngchomttrunginbaovynhbtgiam,nhngtitrncch5phttrcvntrntinhth
calinhmcNguynVnS.Myngysau,iuNguynVinh,chhuytrngTiuonDanhdPhThtngtung,mcthungphcntm
tivchuynlnhcangDimgitivoSiGnngayccngtcquantrng.TivondinhThtngibangymkhnggpcng
Dim,chcngVVnHi(lcbygilChnhvnphngPhThtung)chobitl"Cangbnlm,anhci".ThlngLvti
cmyngylintrongphngringcangVVnHitidinhThtng.
TnhhnhThmingymtcngthng,ccnvquni,cnhstvccgiophiutrongtthsnsngnsng.TngCollins,c
phivincaTngthngEisenhower,btngquanimvingDimtrongkhiitLansdalethlihtlngnghngDim.Smuthunni
bcaccvinchccaocpMlmchohotngcavtnThtngbnhtrvlngtng,vcnglmchotngHinhthmquytlittrong
nhltngDim.
Mthm,trongphngringcangVVnHi,itL,bcsTn,TChDip,HivtiangnginichuynthhaingLuynvNhuvo.ng
LunhngvitLvtirini:"CthnghaianhnnmunhaianhiHoaKtunghipthm.Haianhsasonhnhlriigiytxong
thi".
TkhimivoSiGn,tingcnhinvvicngDimgigpvomcbttichkhnggiaochomtcngtcno,ringVVnHisutc
tunnay,saumingylmvicchongDim,tivphnglikchochngtibit"ngCangrtbunruchnnntrcnhiukhkhn",cho
nnkhinghengLuynnihtsthtrngvicchongLvti,haisquancngkhaidngbinphpqunschngtngHinh,iMlv
cthngmunchochngtiitrcringsisaumkhngscngsvinbtrth.TivitrlingLuyn:"Mimynmtritheo
Cutranhbitbaogiankhmtikhngsnlng,nayCvnccmquyn,nginghongtrongdinhcLpmliphibcuc
raiththtlvl.Tikhngiuht".ngLuyncvbcmnhni"Vyanhnhlmg?"Ticngbcmnhtrlili:"NuCkhngcn
nmchnhquyn,vnutibuikhiquni,tisvnhibunncma,csaou!"ngNhutuvnkhngnimttingnhngn
ythngmmci,clvbitkhngthuytphccchngti,ngbnkongLuynira.Saunynhthigianvccnhnchngkli,
nhccbinctiptheocngnhnhcngngycnghiurthmtnhtnhchk,hphicaanhemnhNg,ngLvtibitcrngvic
haianhemngLuynvNhucngvothuytphcchngtiiMthtrachlmtmmu.HnhhysinhloibchngtivcngThiQuang
Hong(chinkhung)na,dngnhmttrongnhiuiukinthohipvitngHinhngchngi,ngochnh.(Tivnnghrng
iukincatngHinhchlkhonbinhcangtamthi,thmtmvchtrngcatngHinhvPhpvnlunlunmunltngDim).
77/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
i,thngthnghtchimmibcung,nxongchomibt.Trnghpny,anhemngDimchmignhtchim,chnspxongbt
cho,binhlavncnmmxungtayhysinhcngsvinri.Tuyxtxanhngcnglthngtnh,vlcnungDimnithngvitiv
nhucuphichmdtmihotngchnhtrqunstiminTrung,hocnucncnithngvitilttlithomihotngthchcchn
ticngsnsngtrqunphc,cphiulichoqunivlmmtcnbutranhtrongqunchng.NhngngDimvanhemcang
khng lm nh th, khng hnh x ng cung cch ca mt bc lnh o i vi ng ch ca mnh, hay ngay c khng ng t cch ca mt
ngitmthngnhngctmchtyuncvcoccchmng.
Sauny,chngtibitthmcsdngDimkhngcnnh"bncrai"nalphnlnlnhnhngvnngchnhtrvhotngc
thcaitLansdalenhmchiarvthuphcpheilp,ngthikhuyngiivgynimtinningDim,nhngmtphnkhccngnhthi
cngquytcangNgnhCnvlclngcnbHu,trongtnhtrngthiunhngtintcchnhxccthlngnhtnhhnh,
cngrnmtcchliulnhnhtnhbtbucngDimphitiptcnmquyn.ChnhngNguynnDuyn,ibiuChnhphTrungphn,
thonidungcnginnhvoSiGn.
HaingLuynvNhurakhiphngrimngLvtivncnbnghongvquytnhcangDimgihaichngtiiM,dbygiquyt
nhkhngcncthihnhna.TChDip,ngibntrtrthc,chlnticaocati,ngitngphtrchbphnchnhtrcaChin
khung,hmhckotirahnhlangtms"munlmcchmng,muncmchnhquynthkhkhnnguynanmycngphikincng
giankhutranh,saongCvhaingNhuLuynmauthichnth.Bcxemlicoiliuchngtaclmnghchomtgianhphongkin
tmthngkhng?..."TivichnDipli:"CttchoCDimlmvic,channcnghvi,dsaocnnctacntt".
Tuynhin,tTChDipxalnhdnnhNg,khngcnlinhvianhemngDimna.ChonkhibccaDiplcCTChngPhng
bnhNgchbailqumach,tthivongnbiphn,DipcngthmbtmnbnlinlcviBnhXuynchngiliThtng
Dim.DiptchcnhiucucbiutnhphninhNgngaytrcdinhcLp,doDipbbtvbgiamchungvicnbCngSntiTh
cvTamHipgn5nmtri.SaukhiDipbbtthCCTChngPhngvngiconrcaCcngbcnganbt(xemthmthcaC
HunhMinhtrongphnphlcA).Khictrtdo,DipthnglinlcvibcsTrnKimTuynvti,dosaunyDipcchntrongHi
nghonKtdongNgnhNhuchta,vicmtiskrmtchngsau.
Nhnitrn,tronglcanhemngDimSiGnangbirivplccatngHinhvthichmunbncrai,thitLansdalev15
ngitrongtchccnhimhotngrorittmcchcuvntnhhnhvngvintinhthnngDim.
Lngidnhdrtchngtrongvicdichn800ngnngbotBcvoNam,Landsalelmtsquancaocpxutsccangnhtnh
boHoaKtrongcccngtchingoi.Xutthnlmtchuynvintrongngnhqungcokngh,ngchtrngrtnhiuncckthuttml
chin."cMvoNam"lmttrongrtnhiukthutcngsdngvnngccgiophntiBcVitdtkhotlnngvoNam
trongkhunkh300ngychnchditrdoHinghGenve1954quynh.ChnhnglngigipvtonnhuynthoiMagsaysaytrong
chindchtiuditCngSnHukbalahaptiPhiLutTnnhvysaunyngcbitdanhl"TheKingmaker'.
ChonnloibtngHinhvisnghcaPhpvlclngccgiophi,ngcphinSiGn.QunhinLansdalethnhcng
trongloicngtcnymtlnna:TrchtlthuytphcHoaThnhnvsthinvvthiuamhiutnhhnhcatngCollins,saulhoc
thuytphctngTrnhMinhThvquniCaoilinminhtiniBen,hochilmtscpchhuycalclngvtrangccgiophi,
hoclnhBNgoigiaoMhmdochnhphPhptoplcbtcquantnhboPhptiSiGnphingngnghtngHinhvlc
lngBnhXuyncaByVin...
VolctngHinhspochnhngDimthQuchiHoaKchnhthccngblptrngqualituynbcaphtngnvinbnchnhthcv
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vnngDnglcbygilThngNghSMansfield"NungDimbltthMschmdtvintrchoVitNamvcngchmdtqun
vinchoquniPhp",ngthiTngthngEisenhowergithchoSiGncngkhaixcnhnsnghngDimcachnhquynM.
Ngy2thng10,tngly,CaouPhptingDng,vPhpphctrnhchoBoibit,chnhquynPhpnhphitheonglichnhtr
caMtingDng,nghalMsthayPhpxydngmttinnchngCngtingNamvquynlicathgiitdo.Ngy19thng
11,theolnhBoi,tngHinhriVitNamvnhvin,traoquynTngThamMutrngquniVitNamlichotngNguynvnV,vnh
vychmdtmikhkhnvmiedochocnhnngDimvchokhnnghnhxquyniuhnhqucgiacatnnicc.ThlHoaK
cungDimtrnhccucochnhcatngNguynVnHinhnhngngDimkhnggiaochcTngThamMutrngchotngVm
ligiaochotngLVnT.
SaukhitngHinhiri,tinghmtviThtngrthaitiuonbbinhthucPhnkhuDuynhivokhuSiGntngcngqunlc
chongDim.HaitiuondoiuTrngviuLongngiCnggioQungtrvThaThinchhuy(TrungtLonghinnayHoaK).
o0o
Tnm1952nnm1954,baonhiubinctrngixyrachodntciulinhtrnquhngkhnkh.Nm1952,trnHoBnhmmn
chonhngthmbiqunscaqunivinchinhPhp,vnm1954,tngNguynVnHinhraidntcvnhvinxanhotntchcach
BoHtrntnc.ChyxuyndngsnglchstronggiaionltrnghungchiaigiangsnvbincngDimvncchpchnh.
Nhnlibanmnhcnhnnhngoaihng,tathytMnhangchuynbngsaugn100nmcumang.Giaionlmbnqunquica
Tquclgiaionbinhnhaunca25triungidnVitvnglnnhuigicPhprakhisnhgmvc.Dthpthongngsau
cnvtcncbngdngmaquicaCngSnNga,CngSnTu,qucM,ThcdnPhp,nhngquthtchnhdntcVitNam,v
chdntctronghoncnhnyhayiukinn,xthnhysinhxngmuchonnclpcancnh.
NuCngSntrongmttrnVitMinhkhngphilkduynhtchngPhp,thnhngthnhphnyuncbnnychintuyncngkhng
philnhngkhontontheoPhp.uigicxmlngrakhiQuhngchnhlcngucadntc,vchdntcmthi.Ngoitrmts
rtlacungnhaurutthtrakhilngdntc,miltaysaicaPhp,taysaicaNgaTu.
HngYn,Namnh,PhanRang,HNi,SiGn,NhaTrang...nhngadanhthnthngcatnctrongnhngngysingmticdp
tchnn,bygi,qungi,chcnlnhngtinggituyxavinhngvnvangvngtrongchiusucakcvchiudicadvng.
Tilmynhimvcangitraithilontrongcucchin,ynhimvcamtcnbtrongtchcutranh,giy,ngDim
vngvngxydngchmtiaocngsemliphclichotondn,emlidnchtdochominNamlylmbnpcho
mtngysngnnghng,quntatrvgiiphngtBcmkhi.
Trongnimaocchnhngnhngvncnxavi,tichtthytminNamnhcnglichongDimquthtrcrm,tntchxydng
mtvnhimichoTQuc.
1 Vbuigpmtnyxinxemthm"VietnamHistory,DocumentsandOpinions"caMarvinE.Gettleman,tr.269.
2 JosephButtinger,VietnamAPoliticalHistory,tr.385.
3 JohnCooney,TheAmericanPope,tr.236245.
79/611
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4 BernardFall,TheTwoVietnam,tr.244.Vskinny,xincthmNhtPhunhncaHongTrngMin(tp1,tr.389),ConngThinL
caNguynHinL(tr.202).
5 Boi,LeDragond'Annam,tr.329.
6 HilaireDuBerrier,BackgroundtoBetrayal,tr.27,28.
7 JosephButtinger,Vietnam,APoliticalHistory,tr.387.
8 HistoriaNotreGuerred'Indochine(s25nm1972),tr.158,159.
9 onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,tr.149.
10 HiiHuCngChnh,LthCngChnh(s14thng1179),tr.52,53.
12 NguynLang,VitNamPhtgioSlun,tr.144,145vschHaiNgnNmVitNamvPhtgiocaLKhiVit,tr.89.
13 ngAlbertCaohinsngPhp.DtrcylnhnvinthntncatngNguynVnHinh,nhngsaunynhmtslinhmcvngBi
VnLngctnhc,nncngDimbnhimlmTngUvinDinhinthaythngLngvgiBNiV.
Chng5
GPCNGXYDNG
NNMNGCH
Tronggiaion19541955,tuyngDimcnhiukthnhngtngNguynVnHinhvnlithnguyhimnhttrnchaimtchnhtrln
quns.Trcht,trnmtchnhtr,tngHinhctcchhpphpcamtvTngThammutrngcaquniqucgia,khchnvinhng
giophivtrangkhngcchnhthcthanhnnglicQuctrngBoinngvngiPhpymtr.Trnmtquns,ngcmt
sthuccptcptncpynmginhngnhimscqunnhntcchin,ngliiungccccquantnhbovanninhvishp
tchuhiucacquantnhboPhp,vcuicngnglivndngcmtsnhngbphnvtrangcamtvigiophi.
Chonn,nukhngknhngyutkhcthvmttngquanlclng,rrngvicltThtngDimkhnglyglmkh.Tuynhin,nh
trnhbychngIV,cnhngyutkhcchiphitnhhnhminNamlcbygilmchoTngHinhphitbnhdngbolclt
ngDimmticthtmtttrongmtngoilcduynhtlsymtrtiavviukincaHoaKtrnchaimtchnhtrlnquns.
NhngcnghmWashingtonParis,nhngLansdale,FosterDulles,nhng300triuMkimqunvin...,chnhnhnghotngvnhngnhns
chkhngphiciniccnhiunhittmnhngcntlit,cichinkhungcachngti,haycicngincangNgnhCntminTrung
nhvo,gipchongDimloitrckthnguyhimnhtny.
TngHinhrai,cthccaPhpvBoisp.VtngHinh,bngxngbngtht,lidinchoscmnhchnhtrcaPhpvBoi
tiVitNamlcbygi.SspcbiuhinrrngnhttrongstanhngtmlcalclngqunithucxuhngcaTngHinh.
TngVnNhaTrangtrnvoSiGnribittchlun.itTrngVnXng,TlnhQunkhuHai,ngitnggykhnkhchongNg
nhCnvngibiuChnhphminTrungcngtrnvoNam.TiLt,iNgLmQundotngNguynVnViungbngPhan
XngvThiutNguynChnhThiphnnotlitha.itLinhQuangVin,TlnhQunkhuBaBanMThut,tuylmtphntqucgia
ilpvingDimnhnglikhngtheoPhpvkhngphcTngHinh,cuicngcnghptcviChnhph.itVngASangngiNng,
thuchcatngVanuxem,dicvoNamvanglSontrngSonNngPhanR,thytnhhnhbtlicngtuynththihnhklut
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caquni.
ThlsaukhiTngHinhrai,khngktiminTrungTrungVitmtngHinhkhngcmtcsvngmnhno,tonbvngDuynHiv
Cao NguynTrung phn tr thnh hu thun vng chc cho ng Dim tin hnh nhng vn ng cui cng qut sch tn d ca ch Php
thuc.TrungtNguynQuangHonhtPhanThitcbnhimgichcTlnhQunkhuHai,ThiutThiQuangHongclnhgiitn
chinkhungvlmTnhtngBnhThun,ngHTrnChnh,mtngviniVittngnghchinkhung,cchngtinghlm
TnhtrngNinhThun.TrungtPhmVnng,tuychabaoginghngDimnhngcngkhnngoanchabaogitrachngiChnh
ph,cclmTlnhPhnkhuDuynHi.ChngtimingicthngmtcpvbovcminTrung:Honhvnglnit,
HongvtilnTrungt.VtuycntrongdinhThtng,ticbnhimlmTlnhphPhnkhuDuynHi,cnitLthsnsng
nhnchcTnggimcCnhStCngAnmtkhiuicBnhXuynrakhinhchny.
SongsongvivchnhvvictngHinhrai,LansdalevadngtinbcvasdngllunlikothmctngNguynGicNgca
HaHovtngNguynThnhPhngcaCaoiemlclngcahvhptcviChnhph.Lansdalecnsdngkthutchvn
dndcitThiHongMinh,ThammutrngcalclngBnhXuyn,nglnchngByVin.TuyvicphnbicaThiHongMinh
blvcuicngbByVinthtiu,nhngcichtcangtagymtchnngtmlsumtronghngngcalclngBnhXuyn.
Tuynhin,dngnbincthunlilmcho"MttrnThngNht"caccgiophibphnhavsuygimscmnhrtnhiu,nhngtrong
maXunnm1955,ngDimvncngprtnhiukhkhnvThtngPhpEdgarFaurevncnmunxydngliuythchoQuctrng
Boimongltngcthc.PhpvncnmunlidngnhnglclngthnghchvingDimcnstlinhtonbBnhXuyn,nhHa
HocaTrnVnSoi,LmThnhNguyn,LQuangVinh,nhCaoicaHphpPhmCngTc,nhtngVvmtthiusNgLmQun
cntrungthnhviBoi.
cbittrongquni,mcdThiutngLVnTcngDimbnhimlmTngThammutrngnhngvncnnhiusquancpt
caocpchamunhptcvingDimnhccitTrnVnn,TrnVnMinh,LVnKim,ccTrungtNguynKhnh,CaoTr,Nguyn
VnL,TrnTOai...NhvythringtiminNam,cbittiSiGnChLnvvngphcn,ngtrnmtthuntyvlc(vnlyut
quytnhtrongshnloncatnhthlcbygi)thpheChnhphvpheilpquthtngangnga.
TuXun1955,lclngBnhXuyntiptcgyhn,khiukhchthnh,tncngnhngnvcaquniqucgiailtvbnsngci
vodinhcLpchunbchommuochnhThtngNgnhDim.Ngy30/4/1955,saukhithuytphcctngLVnTvmt
nhmsquanthuccpccatngHinh,tngNguynVnVbnvodinhcLpbucngDimphiiPhpngaytckhctheolnhca
QuctrngBoi,ngthitngVralnhchoiNgLmQuntLtdichuynvSiGnvthngbochoTrungtCaoTr,mt
bnthncaV,bit.TrungtTrlTlnhlclngNhyD,anghnhquntiutrBnhXuyn,nhngthmtmvnmunltngDim.
Cngtrongngy30/4,"HingNhnDnCchMng"raitiTaChnhSiGn.ylmtlclngchnhtrqunchngcchunb
ttrclmhuthunutranhchongDim.HingnydongNguynBoTon,mtlnhtHaHolmchtch,ngHHnSn,mt
vinchccaCaoi,lmphchtchvngNhLang(hinM),thucVitNamQucDnngvcnglmtphtcatngTrnhMinhTh
lmTngthk.ThnhvincaHinggmnhiuthnhphnidinchomitnglpqunchngmaslthnhucangDim,ngoira
cncmtsdotitchctPhnkhuDuynHivoidinchominTrungmngicmulgiosHHuyLim(trngtrunghcV
Tnh),anglmyvinTuynNghinHuncaPhongTroCchMngQucGiatnhKhnhHa.
ChtchNguynBoTonlnhnvtuytnnhtcaPhtGioHaHolcbygi.nglmtnhcchmnglothnhtngbnbaquaPhp,
Tu,Nhtutranhchonnclpquhng.Ngaytnm1947,khiPhpnhthngthuytvicuhongBoi,ngToncngvic
NguynHiThnvngNguynTngTamthnhlp"MtTrnThngNhtQucGia"ihiPhpchthngthuytvicclclngdntcm
81/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NguynHiThnvngNguynTngTamthnhlp"MtTrnThngNhtQucGia"ihiPhpchthngthuytvicclclngdntcm
thichkhngphiviBoihayviHChMinh.Tngydnthnhotngcchmng,ngNguynBoTonlunlunchtrngmtnc
VitNamclptheochCngHavimthnhthcsinhhothontondnch.ngquannimsinhhatchnhtrcaqucgiaphihonton
dnchmipngcnguynvngcanhndnvmicthchinthngcCngSn,dongquyttmnghngDimvtrutph
Boi,mcdlcbygitnhmngcangcthvthmbnguyhim.
Ngy30,tronglctngVvnhmsquanthnPhpvodinhcLppbucThtngDimphiiPhp(nghalikhngtrv),thtita
ChnhSiGn,"HingNhnDnCchMng"cngtholunsinivHinghratuynngntrutphBoi,ychochsNgnhDim
tmthilnhoqucgiatronglcchiHinPhpvQuchinhotquychtnglaichotnc.Hpxong,Hingibquadinhc
LptraotuynngnchoThtngDim.KhngngkhinnithlichmtrnvitngVvcc"squanphnlon"anglmplcng
Dim.(CthcucngnyldodinhcLpkpthithngbochoHingntngcng).ThytngV,tngTrnhMinhTh(v
hnhnhcctngNguynThnhPhng)bnbtgitngVtronglcngNhLangasnglcrahmdatngV.ThtngDimsti
mt,vivkotngVvophngringbovsinhmngchotngV,ngthiyucuHingngbthocgittngV.Khngphi
ngDimthngxtgtngVnhngnutngVbgitththnnhnglclngymtrtngV,vtnhchinhu,skhngthathchong.
HunghgTrungtCaoTrligiinthoichongDimithtdochotngVngaynukhngthTrstncngdinhcLp.Cui
cng, Hi ng t c mt tha hip chung l bt tng V phi k giy xin quy hng Hi ng v ha mnh vi nhn dn u tranh cho t
nc,iliHingstrtdochongta.
TngVngravvtrongthmtmnhphnbililicamkt,nhngphnvNgLmQun,chlccangtabttayviquni,
phnvphnngquytlitcalclngcatngTrnhMinhThnntngVnhchuthtbi.TronglctngVhotngSiGnlt
ngDimthtngNguynVnHinhPhpcngtrnngtrvVitNamdnhgiptngVltngcthc.NhngvtngV
thtbi,livtnhhnhmingymtthunlichongDimchonntngHinhbaynNamVangthdnglivbayngcvPhp.
VhnhngrtsngvltlontngVcaNhLang,tngTrnVnntronghik"VitNamNhnChng"(tr.125,126)ghinhnrng"vhnh
ngqukhchcaNhLangvHHnSnmtnhthtrnnrirm".
CnnhvnLNhtThngtrntpch"nhSngDnTc"(s2,ngy15/11/1989)tronglotbi"ThiLnvTrnMinhTh",khiphbnhcun
"PhongTroKhngChinTrnMinhTh"nonngNhLangkhoekhoang:"ti nhanh nhn rt sng colt 45 trong chic cp ra cha thng vo
ngitngVvralnhgitaylnkhngtibn"mamaingNhLangrng:
"ngThiLni,mikhinhnthynhmnhangrtsngedomtsquancthybbngvduynkhng?TixinniNhLangbitnung
nsnglmsquanphngbncnhsxxcngngaylptc,maychonglm.ChngtathyDimchechchoV,trchmngNhLang
vxcnhquynuycamnh.KhngbitNhLangcbitvykhng?TithitnghDimNhuckschnoiphtnhhnhribengm
hnhngtrtba,tikhncaNhLangchlmDimthmnhcu".
NhvyhnhngngangtngnhngvchnhtrcangNhLangchphnnhthi"lunggibmng",dathcctngTrnhMinhThv
NguynThnhPhngangcmtmidmrtsnglmoaimkhngbitrnghnhngcthantaihachochaingDimNhu.
o0o
TrongnhngngysingtiSiGnmbolccthbngnbtclcno,ngDimkhngnhngloschotnglaichnhtrcangm
conlochochnhbnthnngna.Chquenutranhtheokiuquantrng,ngrtengivsngn.Chquendavonhngthlcngoibang
(nhPhp,Nht,M,Vatican),vndngchnhtrvcngcav,ngthiuttinkhiphiiphvinhngqunnhnnhNguynVnV,Trn
82/611
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(nhPhp,Nht,M,Vatican),vndngchnhtrvcngcav,ngthiuttinkhiphiiphvinhngqunnhnnhNguynVnV,Trn
nhLan,CaoTr...mvlclllun.NhngiulmchonglosnhtlbctngngngnngdalHoaKscthbring,v
khngnhngngchpchnhclnhsnghcaHoaKmcnnhchnhcnhnghotngtnhbovqunscaLansdale.Chon
khicitLansdalelncsCollinslintctibomvinglchnhschMquytnhymtrminNamdonglnho,ngmitht
sanlngiphvitnhth.
Thtvy,mtngytrcbuichmtrnvitngVdinhcLp,NgoitrngMFosterDullesthngbochoisPhpCouvedeMurville
HoaThnhn,cngnhisMDillonthngbochoThtngPhpEdgarFaureParisvquyttmcaMnhtnhnghngDim
viukin1.KtqucthlmngDimyntmnhtlcuicng,diplccaM,chnhPhptiptndcchoqunidpphin
lonBnhXuyntrongkhichimtchngtrnhqunvindidohnsauny.
SauthtbicatngNguynVnV,qunimcnhintrthnhmtlclngtrngyunhttrnghngDim.Thtra,ttrctiSiGn,
chchaisquancaocpvcvtrthenchtthtsnghngDimmthi,litDngVnMinhvTrungtPhmXunChiu.it
DngVnMinhgichcQunTrntrngSiGnChLn,cnTrungtPhmXunChiugichcThammutrngQunkhuIdiquyni
tTrnVnMinh.ngDngVnMinhtuyxutthnttrngvbcaPhpTng(BcVit),tuyphcvtrongquniPhpnhngngvngi
bnchtvphongcamtngiVitNamthunty,vnnngtnhtvidntcquhng.NgiPhpvtngHinhvnkhngangDng
VnMinhnnkhnggiaochongchcvchhuycquns,cnv,ngnngahuha.CnngPhmXunChiulmtngvinVitNam
QucDnng,saukhibhctrngthucHNivbincNhtochnhPhp931945,bnvohctrngVbYnBidongiNhtt
chc,riquaTrungHoahctrngVbHongPh.y,nggpmtnngvinca"CchMngngMinhHi"cacNguynHiThn,hai
ngitrthnhvchngvulnhnvtthamgiacchmng,ctinhthnchngCngrtcao.MynmsaungvPhtDimvcmigi
chcchhuytiuon2tronglclngTVcagiophnnyritrthnhsquanquniqucgia.VithnhtchnnngPhmXunChiu
htlngnghngDim.Haisquanny,nhtlngDngVnMinh,nghvhotngclcchongDimngaytphtu,ngayt
khitngHinhchngingDim.Ngoira,cngphinimttrongnhngldongMinhnghngDimlvngibnthncanglng
NguynNgcThcnglngibnqucangDim.HaingDngVnMinhvPhmXunChiuuSiGn,ubitrvtr,mmuhot
ngvnhngkhochchuynquncaBnhXuynvPhpnngiprthuhiungDimtrongvniphviquncaLVnVin.
Ngoira,ngDimcncitMaiHuXun,mtsquannhiuthonvgiivtnhbongh.ngMaiHuXuntrckialmtphnt
thnPhp,tnglTngGimcCngAnvlcbygilGimcAnninhQuni,nhngquantrnghnc,ngXunvnlkthcaBnh
Xuyn.KgiLucienBodarttrongcun"LaGuerred'Indochine"mthaingByVinvMaiHuXunlhailnhchatiChLnvSiGn,hai
kthkhngitrichung,naygpchingDimnhBnhXuyn,MaiHuXuntrnnngminhcangDim.SnghcangMaiHu
XunvNhaAnNinhQunilcbygiqulmtnggptnhbohtsclnlaochovictncngvtiuditBnhXuyncngcav
ngDim.
Nirra,haingDngVnMinhvPhmXunChiunghngDimlvqucgiadntc,vtintngngDimlnhlnhochngPhp,
chngCng,cthcucminNam,tronglcngMaiHuXunvvingDimchvhoncnh,vnhtlvldocnhnmuntrmithc
viBnhXuyn.DsaothiucnglmtmaymnrtlnchongDim.
TrongnhngngyucathngNmnm1955,quniqucgiaphihpviquncatngTrnhMinhThnhbtcqunBnhXuynqua
bnkiacuchY.TngThtrongkhingtrncuTnThunquanstahnhbmtvinnbnlntsaulngtrngthidngv
khngcusngc.Ngy9thng5,BnhXuynbnhbtrakhiSiGnvChLnnnrtvvngbnlyRngStsaukhitchynhiu
phx,nhcakhuNancy.itDngVnMinhcThtngDimcgichcTlnhchindchRngSt,vchngbaolu,ngtiudit
tonbqunBnhXuyn.ByVinvbhthntnlLaiVnSangvLaiHuTiphitrnquaPhp.Cnglc,itNguynNgcLcng
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tonbqunBnhXuyn.ByVinvbhthntnlLaiVnSangvLaiHuTiphitrnquaPhp.Cnglc,itNguynNgcLcng
nmvngcNhaTngGimcCnganCnhstVitNam,vcngcclclngCnganCnhstthnhmtrcvnnmdi
siungcaLaiVnSang.
nhtanqunBnhXuyn,itDngVnMinhdnuonquncthngtinvthtrnconngCatinatvodinhcLpgia
tinghoanhvangdicadnchng.ThtngNgnhDimngtithmdinhcLpnchongianhhngchinthngRngSt.ng
mhnitDngVnMinhrimtnsinhchongvnghoachoit.Myngysau,ThtngDimvinhthngitMinhlnThiutng,
bochSiGncaoDngVnMinhl"AnhhngRngSt".RingngNgnhNhu,tuyvuimngsungsngthykthbtiudit,vntra
btmnvibochvdlunkhiDngVnMinhccaol"anhhng".ngNhunivinhiungi,nhtlnhngngithntntrong
dinh,rng:"cncVitNamchcmtanhhngmthi,lanhhngNgnhDim".
PhinirrngtsauvthtbicatngVtidinhcLp,tonthquninghnvphengDimvtngDimmithtsvng
vngtrnngiv.RobertShaplencngnhhcgiDouglasPikeni:"ChonkhiquninghngDim,(trc)ngtakhngccchg
thcthicuyquyncachnhph"(untiltheArmyoptedforhim,Diemhadnomeansofenforcingagovernmentalorder).2
TiuditcBnhXuynlThtngDimthutthmcmtthnglitoln,mtthngliquytnhtnglaisptihuyhongcang.
ThnglicangDimiviBnhXuyncngnhivitngHinh,tngVlbiuhinthnglicanhhngMivinhhngPhp
trongvnbingDng.
TrongkhiSiGnvRngStangmtmkhilathhimgiaPhpvMdinratiParistngy7n12/5/1955.NgoitrngM,ng
FosterDulles,ihiPhpphitrclphontonchoVitNam,phirttonbqunvinchinhPhp(90.000)vnc.ChngtrnhPhprt
qun v nc gm 3 giai on: Mt: Ngy 20/5/1955, qun i Php phi bt u rt ra khi Si GnCh Ln, tp trung v Vng Tu. Hai: ngy
2/7/1955,quniVitNamhontonchmdtsphthucvoBTlnhPhptingDng.Ba:ngy28/4/1956ngilnhcuicngca
qunivinchinhPhpvnhvinrikhiVitNam 3.Thlnhquni,nhngiM,tnayngDimbclnidanhvngquynqutt
nhtrongcucichnhtrcang.
SauchinthngRngSt,mtbuillongtrng,hohngvcmngctchctiBTngthammu.itTrnVnn,Thammu
trngquni,idinchotonthquniVitNamtphhiuvcphiucchmdtmilinhvidvng,mtdvngchuaxtvau
thng.QuniVitNamtnaylqunicamtqucgiaclplmtrnsmngcanlbovgiangsnvcngvitondnlmch
tnc.
Trongsutgn100nmPhpthuc,chngtac2lncnghenhnglituynbvmtncVitNamclp:VuaBoituynbngy
9/3/1945vngHChMinhtuynbngy2/9/1945.Nhng2lnchcgitrcamtlituynbvtrnthctquniNhtvPhpvncn
.Nhngngy28/4/1956,nghalgn2nmsauHipcGenve,chcLpmithcscnghavcucutranhginhclpmithc
schmdt.Vvongy,ngilnhPhpcuicng,biutngcthchochnhschvknguynthcdncaPhp,vnhvinrikhit
ncthnyu.
NmmtcinhntondinvchnthcsotxtliqutrnhutranhchngthcdnPhpcadntc,taphi,mtlnna,xcnhchor
rngrnglclnglnho,tchcvtinhnhcucutranhnychonngythngli,chnhltonbdntcta.Nhngacon
yuxutsccatncnhHongDiu,NguynTriPhng,TrnCaoVn,TrngCngnh,PhannhPhng,PhanThanhGin,PhanBi
ChucanhngngyunhngPhmHngThi,PhmThiHc,HunhPhS,LngA,TrngTAnh,NguynHiThn...cngviton
dnhysinhxngmutronggiaiontrcisngmivikthdnchngvongtuytl.Cuionngvvphanhngngikhng
84/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
dnhysinhxngmutronggiaiontrcisngmivikthdnchngvongtuytl.Cuionngvvphanhngngikhng
CngSnlmtBoinhcnhnxyvinchomtNgnhDimnghongbclnkhalicnhcatinhccagiaionPhpthuc,v
mtoangcnhcacLpchotncquhng.
Hangvnanhhngvlitnvdanhmthmnmxung.nhsngvinhquangcahcngphircrnhnhsngvinhquangcanhnglnh
tkhc,tmlngsonstcahcngphictnvinhnhtmlngsonstcanhnganhhngkhc.
Tuynhin,nungy28/4/1956chmdtphongtrogiithctrntncVitNamthngycngslngymuchophongtroTn
Quc,nunhngnhlnhocatnctakhngkhnkhovquyttmbovchaichcLpvChQuyn.Vmtmtno,nu
chngtaghinhnvitnhiuthincmnhngEisenhower,FosterDulles,Buttinger,Fishel,Lansdale,v.v...gipchngtabngcchplcngi
PhpphirikhiVitNam,thmtmtkhcchngtakhngthkhngaulngvhthbovvngvcanthipvoVitNamquamtc
nhnNgnhDimthayvbngscmnhthcscatonkhidntcta.Vrrngtrongmtcucchintranhdnhclpvsauskotheo
mtcucutranhchngCngSnthchnhnghavscmnhnmtronglngqunchngchkhngnmgiaitnglnho,licngkhngnm
mtcnhn,mtgianh,mtphenhm.
LbiNgnhDimnglgiiquytctnhhnhlc.Nhnglmtgiiquytgiaionvtcthichkhngtrngkvtondin.Mh
qurrngnhtlcuicng,chngtanhCngSnchimhtnaphncatnc.Scmnhvchnhnghacadntckhngc
vndngngnthlygmnguviCngSn.
o0o
SauchinthngBnhXuyn,nhngithcnlicaThtngDimtiminNamchllclngyukmvphnha.
VphaCaoiccHPhpPhmCngTcvimtnvHvqunkhong300taysng.TheomtkhochcangNgnhNhu,tng
CaoibmuachucNguynThnhPhngdnnvcnTyNinhtckhgiimHVqunny,btgihaingicongicaGioch
Caoiviti"thamnhngvbcltngbo".GiochPhmCngTcvmtsbhthntntrncquaCaoMinvkodicucilu
vongchonlcngtth.
VphaHaHovtrangthcnbanhm:TrnVnSoi(tcNmLa),LmThnhNguynvLQuangVinh(thngcgilBaCt).Cba
nhm ny c cn c v c a bn hot ng ti min Hu Giang. Vo gia nm 1956, tng Dng Vn Minh hnh qun m chin dch cn qut
nhngcncny.TrnVnSoivLmThnhNguynchngckhngninnphixinvquyhngviChnhph.RinglclngLQuangVinh
vikthutdukchchintrnhhalchnghucaquni,cmcckhlunhngcuicngcngbbtvxt.
TheothngcochnhthccaChnhphDimthtngHaHoLQuangVinhbmttiuiBoAnbtctiChcCao(LongXuyn)cng
vinmtnhv.Trongmtbuiltraolnhkvhuychng,ibiuChnhphatngmttriungchoLiniBoAnTrnQucTun,
LinicbinhsbtcLQuangVinh.
Nhnglcbyginhiungi,cbitltngDngVnMinhvBThammucangtabitrng,btcLQuangVinhlnhngNguyn
NgcThlaBaCtniunhtronglclnhBoAnbtr1cucphckchtinhvinnmibtcngichinsnitinggandvcti
nhdukchtminTy.NukhngblathlmsaomttiuiBoAncthbtctngHaHoamutctrcngvi5hvqunca
ngta.SthtthngThchmunlangLQuangVinhvuhngChnhphchoynminTy,niquhngcang,khngngng
Dimphnlinhngliha,ralnhchoTanxtngLQuangVinh.
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Saucchmngngy1/11/1963ngThchotibitsdngLQuangVinhbbtngy13/4/1956mTanQunsvTaThngThmSi
Gncxtiphcli(n4ln)chonngy6/7/1956,TanQunsCnThmixtxmtlnchtlvngDimnhiulndngL
QuangVinhtheooCnggiomngnngnckhngtheo.NutheooCnggiothngLQuangVinhscratitrongmtbuillong
trngtinhthcBSiGnvsctrngthngvttnhinscthamng.Nhngvtng"MnhHoch"vnglinhaThtSnnht
nhgilynnocacThy,vGiochmngvcngngngmvknhphc.DongtabngDimralnhchoTanQuns
CnThphi:"Tuynnthnh,tcotbinhquynvtchthutisn".TngLQuangVinhbhnhquytngy13/7/1956tinghaaCnTh.
Lcchtngmi32tui,tritrndnvnuiconcinnngivxincchntiniSam,Chuc.
PhichngvcichtcangLQuangVinhmtsaukhiribchnhquyn,(vothimTngioHaHocphchi),cuPhTngthng
NguynNgcThlunSiGnchonkhiquai,khnggimtrvLongXuynnichnnhauctrn,ningcmtngibitthvcnghuy
hongv100murung.
DpynchaingNmLavLmThnhNguyn,ditctngBaCtLQuangVinhlchmdthontonmihotngilpvtrang
nguyhimtiminNamtrnhngtonvtrangltkhngngk.Tonbchindchnycgil"nhdpGiophi".Sauny,ngNguyn
LongThnhNam,mtnhnvtHaHocthmquynvccvnGiophinhginhsau(PhtgioHaHotrongGingLchsDn
tc,tr593594):
ngNgnhDimthodpccc"lnhchagiophi",nhngsau,chnhthcangcnglmtkiulnhchagiophi.Cc"lnh
chagiophi"trckiachcquynhnhgiihntitngaphng,trilichlnhchagiophiminyoaiquynbaotrmtrntonc
nctrongmiaht,chkhngchringvqunsnhcclclngvtranggiophitrckia.
CnginirngngNgnhDimtuycctictn,nhngllngyunc,muncunc,munlmtrnsmnglchscangi
chinsyunctrongmttnhtrngriren,chonnphicngtaylilnhoqucgia.Lplunnykhngcchngminhbngthctv
thnhqu.Snghcamtthnhphnthiustrongdnchngkhngthgilthnhqucach,khiemichiuvisbtmnvau
khcathnhphnias.Ccthnhqunhtthivngnhnkhngthxemlthnhcngcach,khiemichiuvinhnghuquln
laovludimchygyrachoqucgiavdnchng.
Ngitacnghaynin"ctisngsut".Tngnykhngcnghatrongthiidnch.Khngthcmtnhctisngsuttrongthgii
phctpngynay.Lthuyttdodnchkhngchpnhnchcti,vkhngchorngnhcticthsngsutc.
ngNgnhDimdpccgiophivnhthchnlngkhngctinhthngiophikhng?nunhnghagiophithotrattng
Sectarism,thrrnglngDimcngrtnngtinhthngiophi.TrongmtxhiatngionhVitNamkhngthcqucgio,cngkhng
thchpnhnuthchnhtrcabtctngiono.Do,chnhquynkhngthnmtrongtaymttngio,hociukhin,lnhobimt
tngio.ThctchnhtrdichNhtCngHabiulrrnguthcaCnggio.TngthngNgnhDimlmttnCng
gio,chnhschcaitrcangtouthchotngiocang,acctngiokhcvovtrthtth.Vnhth,lmttnhtrngSectarism,hoc
gilbphi,hocgilgiophi.
ngDimnucaokhuhiu"Dplnhcha,dpgiophi",nhngkhingnmquyncaitr,chcanglitrthnhmtchmangy
tnhchtcalnhchavgiophitrnmtbnhdincaohn,lbnhdintonquc,thayvbnhdinaphngnhtrcng.
Tuynhin,timinTrung,vntrthnhphctpvkhkhnhnnhiuvnhnglclngchngingDimkhngphiltaysaicaPhpm
lnhngngCchmngtngxthnutranhvachngCngvachngPhp,vclcnghngDimtrongvsaunhngnlcvn
86/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lnhngngCchmngtngxthnutranhvachngCngvachngPhp,vclcnghngDimtrongvsaunhngnlcvn
ngnmchnhquyncang.Tuynhin,cuicng,chinkhuBaLngQungTrcangiVitbnhtan.ChinkhuNamNgicaVit
NamQucDnngbngDimralnhchosonNngcnqutdmantrongnhngnm19551956ccqunQuSn,TinPhc,Duy
Xuynnhngvnkhngtiuditclclngcqunhiukinhnghimchintrngvlngyuncstny.ngNgnhCnphidngth
on"onktthahp"milikocnvvtranggn2.000taysngvhptcrisaucplnhochnhtr,qunscahubt
y.
NgoiraphiknvuaBoi,ngibnhimngDimlmthtng,ngitngmtthicngDimtunghvntukhingcnlm
quanNamtriu.ViBoi,ngDimphidngnnhnghnhthcutranhcvdnchhnquamtcuctrngcudn(23/10/1955)
biudinchoChnhphvQuchiHoaKlcbygiangthmnhkhnngchnhtrcang.nghacacuctrutphnycngon
ThmphntchrrngtrongcunNhngNgyChaQunnhngticngxinsbtcvtrinkhaitrongchngVIvnhngoiomlchsca
bincny.
Nhvy,tnm1956,ngDimlmtTngthnghphinvhpphpcamtqucgiaVitNamtheochCngHa(dngy26/10/1955mi
chbanhnhHinctmthi),ccngqucsmtthgiilHoaKnghvciasdnchngminNamVitNamsnlngsngcht
ving.ThcdnPhpbinmt,chnhquynCngsnminBclmiedaminhnhinvtcthi,chonntondnonktnhttrsau
lngngnguvimihami.Cngvicutinlcithainhchlnchiphisinhhotqucgia:bmycngquynvbmyqun
i.VisymtrvngnquvkhochcaM,ngbinquniVitNamCngHathnhmtthquniHoaKbnx,tnhtltrnmt
hnhthcviuhnh.Hthngtchc,qunphong,qunk,qunnhu,qundngchonnhngchititnhnhtnhcchcho,igiy,khu
phnn,...untvrptheokhunmuHoaK.
HinphpVitNamCngHarai,hinphpc1iubthrtphndnchl"Tngthnglnhoqucgia"cngquynhtnhcchphn
quynvxcnhnhngnhchthngtngquntrtnc.VintrHoaKvsymtrcaccnctrongthgiitdonnguytn
canglncao,ktqucuctrngcudnvitsphiuthng98.16%(ktquchnhthccaBNiv:5.721.735phiuchongDimtrn
5.828.907tngsphiu),dsao,xcnhskintondnsnsnghptcving.Qutht,TngthngNgnhDimnmcy
yutThinThi,aLi,NhnHa,tclcthi,cthvclc,nmcchingnvngaquhngxsnphcngvhng
mnh.Lchsvdntcchcnngquytlitkhctmilinhxuxaviqukh,chcnngthnhthttquynlitquctrnquynligia
nh,chcnngthchindnchvonktthcs,thchvibaiukinmthi,ngDimtrthnhanhhngdntc,cutinhdntc
ri.
auxtthay,ngkhngnhngkhngtntrngbaiukinmchnhngvthnhphnlnhocaocpnhtcatnclccanhem
ng,cngkhngthcciuny.Chonnbnhxelchsquaylinghinntng,chonndntcnglnkhctchng.Hqu
khngphichchmdtkhichngbtiuditmcnkodichonmaXunnm1975,iumtisniccchngsau.
o0o
Trlingy19/11/1954,saukhitngNguynVnHinhtgiVitNamvPhp,tngVntrnkhiNhaTrang,vminTrunghontontch,
tqun,tiriSiGnvNhaTranggichcTlnhphPhnkhuDuynHidiquyncaitPhmVnng.Trckhiriphngcang
VVnHitrongdinhcLp,nimitLvtitmtrgnhaithngtri,bcsBiKinTn,lcbygilBtrngBThngtin,trao
chotimtxptiliuniviul,mcchvhthngtchccaPhongTroCchMngQucGianhtivtchcPhongtronyticc
tnh thuc quyn ti trch nhim. Bc sTn trnh by cho ti bit vic t chc PhongTro Cch Mng Quc Gia l do sng kin ca cc ngTrn
ChnhThnh,TrnTrungDung,TrnQucBu,BiKinTn...munaramtphongtronhndnlmhuthunchnhtrchongDim.Theo
bcsTnthphongtronynghchmtnivngCnLaoNhnVthiungphongtromtchm,cngnhVitMinhlonth
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bcsTnthphongtronynghchmtnivngCnLaoNhnVthiungphongtromtchm,cngnhVitMinhlonth
mtnimngsauthcngCngSnngDngchotrong10nmkhngPhp.
Lcbygi,vncnmtsngiPhpVitNammasclinhnmnglitnhboPhpymtrchocctchcchngiThtng
Dim.NhaTrangvncnTaidinPhp,vncnsquancvncctrnghiqunvkhngqun,vncnmttiuonSngalaisng
Colonagnphitrng.TiCamRanh,cchNhaTrang50cys,vncnhiqunPhpvcquanytthucquniPhp.VngiPhpcn
hindinvcnngmngmphhoiThtngDimnnccTnhtrng,Trngty,CngchcVitNamvncnesngiPhp.(NhTnh
trngNguynTrnKhnhHa,milntitchcbiutnhchngPhpthnglitmciPhanRanghociSiGnlntrnhhocnhPh
tnhtrngLuVnChm,khingheTrungtThiQuangHong,TnhtrngBnhThun,cdinvnkchngiPhpthlcutvsst).
VkthtrctipvthcscangDimlcbygilngiPhp,mccgiichcdnsaphnglivncnednntiphilyquni
lmchlcnngctvphtngitinphongtrongvicxydngPhongTroCchMngQucGia,vihyvngcthgycsphnkhi
vtintngchophadnscngnhqunchng.itPhmVnng,vchhuytrctipcativnlmtsquanthnPhpnhngnglmt
ngikhnngoanthmtrmchonnvntihotngchnhtr,hotngtchcPhongtromkhngcanthipngncm,ngngchnthi
ngngoichnhtrvchlohotngqunsthunty.
Chngbaolu,titodngcmtphongtrochnhtrrmrtronghngngqunnhntiNhaTrangvinhngccunhpnhng.Thyanh
emqunnhngmchngvnngihngsayhotngchoPhongtrovinhngbuihctp,xungng,nhngbuicngtcxhi,lithy
anhemqunnhnrtdtkhotthikhiithognhngbnghiu,tnph,tnng,tncquanbngtingPhp,cncccngtrinv
qunithtreoynhngbiung"BiPhong","Thc","DitCng",nhngbiunghoannghnhThtngDimcngvicqucgiavc
Phongtrohinngangtungbaytrcgi,cc"ngdns"vqunchngbygimibtsngiPhp.Chuthunqunirivthyqun
chngbtugicngri,tibnbtuphtngPhongtroCchMngQucGiavphadns.Lcbygi,tronggiitrthcvcngchcti
NhaTrangcmtsngitintngvoThtngDimvPhongTroCchMngQucGianhccbcsNguynnhKnh,CaoMinh
(hinPhp),giosHHuyLim,...tibnmingVVnTrng,Trngtyhcchnh,lmChtchTnhbPhongtroKhnhHavNha
Trang.Phongtrophttrinnhanhchnglmchongnqutrnndido,domchngmychctrsTnhbPhongtrocdnglnv
manglinimtincthchongbo,cngchcvcnb.th,giosHHuyLim(trngtrunghcVTnh,NhaTrang)vksNguyn
MnhHon(hinCalifornia),nhngyvintuynnghinhuncaphongtrolilnhngnhnvtckinhnghimutranh,ctihngbinng
vinvkchthchcqunchngtrongccbuithuyttrnhhocbiutnh,nnkhthcaPhongtromingycngmttng,tchccaPhong
tromtngycngtrngthnhtrnchaimtlnglnphm.TicthnimkhngngingngrngngoitrthiVitMinhmicpchnh
quynnm1945,chakhinotnhKhnhHavthxNhaTrangcmtphongtrochnhtrbngbnglacchmngnhthi1955,1956,di
ngnccaPhongTroCchMngQucGiadotilnhotiminthydngcttrng,dnidnchngvnhinhavkhnghiung.
Mtviknimmtinhclisauytuychctnhcchaphng,khnggycnhngchnngtoln,nhngquthtlnhngchng
tchcchmngcamtphongtronhndnmngcthcylnlaovduynhtltnhcmgiiphngsaunhngnmdipbc.Nhngk
nimbygichlnhngvangbngcamtthixaxanhngchcchnvncnlnhngmvangrnrngtronglngnhngchinhucati
hincnsngnihingoihayktlitrongnc,mtivnlunghinhrngkhngchthkhngthcccaotrocchmng.
NollcvnngqunchngtncngnvTyenSngalaisColona,khinPhpttoncnctrongtnhtrngbongtcchinvdng
xecuhavqunkhuynphncnglikhinmtshcsinhbthng.NollcbaovyTrsyHiQucTcuicnghuyngdn
chngxngvotrsnmgythngtchtrmtrngchohaiitVitCng(iiutravviccnbPhYnbdnchngnilngitcht),
khinhphinhmybayPhptrnvSiGntckhc.
TicngmunnhclivPhongtrocmuonbiutnhkonkhchsnBeauRivageplcsquanPhpphigithikhchquan,v
bucccthnhvinnvBaLanphigimtcichivccvmtbnnraHNichongHChMinh.Vchcchnccchinhuc
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bucccthnhvinnvBaLanphigimtcichivccvmtbnnraHNichongHChMinh.Vchcchnccchinhuc
caticngngboNhaTrangkhngthnoquncltngnimtngTrnhMinhThticngvintrcgaxelacathnhphNha
Trang,mtbuilvacmngvahohngtnvinhngichinscchmngthcshysinhchotqucticuTnThunSiGn.Saubui
tngnim,tonthqundnngthanhyucungtnhtrngNguynTrnitncngvinthnhracngtrngTrnhMinhThvnhvy
mtntuicngnhhnhbngcavlnhtCaoiLinMinh,xutthntniBen(TyNinh),sngvingidnNhaTrangtimint
thydngchonthng4/1975.Chonbygi,tivnkhngquncdngncmtcavidinCaoikhicdinvncangingi
anhhngovi,5nmtrithncthyumdmnguvihaikthcadntc:CngSnvThcDn,ngianhhngchttcti
trongmttrnghpmchonngynayvncnnmtrongvngbncalchs.
SdcichtcatngThchonngynayvncnnmtrongvngbncalchsvchacmtchngnhnnohaymtnhvitsno
chngminhcmtcchxcquytkno,haytchcno,chtrnggittngTh.KgiBrown(trongTheNewFaceofWar)chorngci
chtcatngThvomttrnghpcthannhiunghivnvmtvmst.ngNhLang(tronghik:PhongTroKhngChinTrnh
MinhTh)thgnchotngMaiHuXungittngTh.CntngCIALansdale,ngibnchthitcatngTh,ngilikongvvi
ngDim,thkhngniailkchmugittngTh.TronghikInTheMidstofWar,Lansdaleklirngngy3/5/1955,ngangngitrong
dinhcLp,tronglcngtaangtligindTngthngDimvngDimcnhnglilkhinhmnvvongnivitngThthbngng
NhuivochobittngThttrntrntuTnThuntronglcangchhuytrntncngBnhXuyn.Nghectinny,ngDimkhcvxin
liLansdale.LansdalenmvaingDimvngliani.LansdalelbnchthncatngTh,lilmtnhnvtCIAtibavymkhngiutra
niaimhivtngCaoiLinMinh.TronglcthdlunSiGnlichorngngNgnhNhulkchmugittngTh.Sdc
dlunyvNhunitinglngithon"nchobt"vphnbilibnbtsaukhicmcchnhquyn,hunggngNhulikhng
munbtkaicthtrthnhanhhngcthquamtcanhemngDim.
VphntithonrngcichtcatngThchcthldongiPhpchmu.TionvyvlcbygichcmtnvquniPhp
angngrtgnnitngThchhuy,ngoinvrakhngcnmtlclngqunsnokhcna(tngThbmtvinnxuynttai
nysangtaikia).NgiPhphtsccmthtngThvtri5nmkhngchin,tngThnhiuphenlmoinngiPhp,cbitvb
bomtiNhhtlnSiGnngy9/2/1952sthihn50ngicPhplnVit.
Cngvcmphctmlngyunc,chcaocvhnhnggandcangichinsCaoiLinMinhnntitchcmtbuilknim
htsclongtrngtnvinhvanhhngniBen5nmnmgainmmt.Cngttrcmtti,trnbngiytivnphngTlnhPhnKhu
DuynHi(NhaTrang),chndungtngTrnhMinhThthaychchndungthtngNgnhDim.
Cuicng,timunklichuyntrcdinngncmvinTngTlnhquniPhpngDnglclitngJacquot,khngcdi
chuyntronglnhthPhnkhuDuynHi,dlcbygiquniVitNamvncnphthucvoBTlnhPhp.NguynvtngTngTlnh
nymunikinhlthmccnvkhcngNhaTrangvCamRanh.TLtxung,tngJacquotixemangctamtivchiu4sao,c
mttrunginhydPhpvmtiychhuyhtng.NhngnThpChmthonxebTrungyTrnVnibtrmtiichnliv
bt ng ta phi quay lui (Trung y i nay l i t, hin M). Qu l mt vic ht sc bt ng v mt th din cho qun i Php, v vy tng
Jacquotginlmnhngkhnggimralnhnsngnncuicng,tuyngtaitthitrchthnghnghnnhannn,nhngngvn
bkhctkhngthtiptcltrnh.TrungyichongtabitTrungyanglmtheolnhcati,nghalthhinchcacaotrocchmng
caqundnvngduynhi,rngttcngiPhp,dbtctthnocngphichulut"nibtxutngoibtnhp".Ngyhmsau,tinhn
ccngincaTngThammuVitNam(doitTrnVnnk)khintrchtitisaolivlvivitng"TngTlnhquniLin
HipPhp".Tilinnhcngintrlikhngngingng:"TichbitcmtvTngTlnhlThiutngLvnTmthi".Sauny,khiTh
tngDimnNhaTrangchilitivvn,vnmtngJacquotkhivSiGnndinhcLptrchmcthtng,tibntrnh
by:"ThaC,chngticoingiPhplkthvhphriC,hmunltCtclchnglidntcVitNam,thchngtinguvih
llttnhin.TilmchotngJacquotsuynghvhyvngnhmnhhngphnnonnglichnhtrcangiPhp".ngDimgt
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llttnhin.TilmchotngJacquotsuynghvhyvngnhmnhhngphnnonnglichnhtrcangiPhp".ngDimgt
gnncithamn.
Tinhclivihotng"BiPhong,Thc,DitCng"tivngPhnkhuDuynHilvmunnhclisnggpcadnvqunvngny
chosthnhcngcangDimkhingphinguvibakthcangtamcnglkthcadntcVitNamlcbygi.nhrng
"Chinkhung"ttiPhanRangvnhnghotngcaPhongTroCchMngQucGiavngDuynHikhngctmvclncnh
hngchnhtrsumbngnhngbincxyrangaytithSiGn,nhngmvangcannhlmtbiuhinchcaqunchngclm
choqundntonquclntinhthn,clmhquytlithntrongvicnghthtngNgnhDimhaykhngthicabaanhemngDim
saumythngiviPhongTroCchMngQucGiatiNhaTrangschngminhiuny.
Nhnghotng,dbygichcnlknimtrongtnycngcakc,vdkcangphainhtdnvnmthngvvisngly
hngnitngi,tivnmuntrangtrilntrangschnymtlntrongictnvttiviccngchbnbngyxatrongPhong
TroCchMngQucGiaminduynhi.NucucbiutnhdobNgnhNhutchcvonm1956cnhmbibtcangDimsau
(vntnbygi)tngbclnnttnhnhnggmngnngmaquicthdintc,thtisaotilikhngchnthnhvitraynh
vitvnhnganhhnglnglnhngsngsng,nhngnlckhngolngcbngngnngcaccbnbngchcati.TiSiGn,b
Nhucnganhchnglmtngthngvimtbmycngquyn,ccbnglnhnhscaMnngtrntnhhnhchnhtrVitNamlcby
gi,csncmtkhilngcangiCnggiodiclmhuthun.CntiKhnhHa,nimcitnNgnhDimnghekhngkubngv
khngcbitbngtncangHChMinh,nimphongtrophitlccnhsinhkhngccmthuthunhayymtrno,nimng
ConcatngHinhvquynlccaitTrngVnXngangtlithangNgnhCnvccthuchngiCnggiotiminTrung,
vnimngidnchbitdnglngyuncchnthnhphnnhthicucvolnglngngi...thnhnghotngcachngti,
mtkchthcno,quthtlkhngtholngcbngngnngmchcthklinhnhnghoinimmthi.
TicnvitraynhnghoinimlcngttivinhnganhemiVittnhbPhanRangdongHTrnChnhcmu,vnhngPht
tbntnhvthychuyntilm,nghelitihhokhchngmdnthnhotnghngsayrisaumynmlithnhnnnhnca
ngCnLaophngtayphtngchnhschchiarkth.VitrayttivinhmccbcstrongQunyvinNguynHu,nhnggiosV
TnhnhccngLT,NguynMu,VHng...nhnggiosBnhccngLBChn,ngThi,QuchTnchvmynmsauchngi
ngDim(cngicngimtchcbuikch"TnThyHong"lnnngDim)m,lcbygi,angqusaymlnhtNgnhDim,ti
nghrngnhngvylVitgian.Nhngrrnglhsngsuthnti,nhnxathyrnghnti.(GiosLT,hiutrngtrngVTnh
NhaTrang,bivoPhanThitkhcvingLTtnhtrngPhYn.HaicLThinsngMvulnhngnhnchngcathii.Cn
gianhCLBChn,ngoivicdyhctrngB,cnlPhTnhtrngNhaTrang,bngTnhtrngNguynTrngnchociti"Cng
Sn"mcdaicngbitCChntnglkthcaCngSn).
XydngxongcthngtnglnhtngcscaPhongTroCchMngQucgiatiKhnhHalmthimgngmu,tibnikhpbn
tnhthucphnkhuDuynHi,tPhYnnBnhThun,thnhlpcctnhbkhccaPhongtrochonhngtnh.Dnchngbntnhmin
ccNamTrungVitcngnhdnchngtrntonqucsaugn10nmchinchinhkhiladichcchnnnchintranh,mtnimtin
vonhnglihahn,bngbngdynhnvchntrimi,mtchntrivinhquangvrtnhiuhyvngnhkhthcchmngangdngtrnt
thnhthnthnqu.KhthccnidungcchmnglnhthcvtmchtcanhngnginhngLT,nguynTnhtrngPh
Yn,ngHTrnChnh,bcsNguynTrngThin,bcsCaoMinh...nhngbnghuvchinhucngtihotngchoPhongTroCch
MngQucgia,vtrnnhivinHingNhnDnCchMnghayDnbiuQucHisauny.(Banhnvttrnhinsnghingoi).
SaukhihonthnhvicxydngbphnchyuchoPhongtrotibntnhminDuynHi,titrliNhaTrangtrongmtbuiihiqun
dnchnhgmtrnbangnidinthamd,tihhothchinmtcuccchmngdntcdolnhtNgnhDimlnhonguvi
cuccchmngvsnchuynchnhminBcdongHChMinhlnho.Giahitrngngngchnhkhmkhunmtmingiu
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cuccchmngvsnchuynchnhminBcdongHChMinhlnho.Giahitrngngngchnhkhmkhunmtmingiu
biulmtnimtinstthp,tichongbobitrnglnhtNgnhDimtngciotquan,tnghotngcchmngchngPhp,
chngCngngaythi1930,mtnhnvtchnthnhyuncyudn,chtquynlitqucvdntctrnphephi,tngioringt...Ti
mangtmlngsonstcangicnbtrungkin,cangitnglchinhucalnhtNgnhDimt1942,tithsngchtving,vnu
ngphnbiqucdn,tislngiutinochnhng.Ringvianhemquni,tithsthchinngkhuhiu"Huynhchibinh"m
tinuraacuccchmngdntcdnchnthnhcng.Trclithstcati,hitrngnhntungbinhngtrngphotay
vangdi.Rtngsquanvbinhsquhngsayvcmngngbtdyhtokhuhiu"BiPhong,Thc,DitCng",khuhiu"Ng
nhDimmunnm"v"HoanhTrungtMu"...KhngkhhitrngnhkhngkhhinghDinHngcachangthatrc,mnhng
ngchccatiltngTrnVnMinh(KhngQun),tngNguynvnThnh(PhoBinh),tngVcNhun(AnNinhQuni),itH
QuangGic,itKhcMai...(hinsngtihingoi)lnhngchinstinphongyplngyuncvlacchmng.
Thtvy,lngyuncvlacchmngcaqundnbntnhDuynHivangdivHuvvoSiGnlmchochtchPhongTroCch
MngQucgiaTrungnglngTrnChnhThnh,vngHcMinh,idinngCnLaocangNgnhNhu,phinNhaTrangquan
stvnghincukinhnghimthctinny.ngNgnhCngithyucutistnhpphongtrominduynhivophongtrominTrungv
ynhimtilmidinchnhtrchongta.ngNguynnDuyn,idinChnhph,phingivomitiraHuthuyttrnhvcucica
ThtngNgnhDim.
Ngy7/7/1955,tiraHuthuyttrnhvti"ChsNgnhDimvichnhnghaqucgia".DnchngvcngchckinhthnhHuvnnghe
tingtilcnbkcuvtrungkincangDimnnkonhaunnghetinivcucicangtiHitrngMorin.Hngchthitrng
vcntrnraccngphchungquanh.VHulaphngbitkhrvdvngcangDim,bitciuxulniutt,bitcstrng
lnson,chonnnidungbithuyttrnhcatigmhaiphnrrt:PhnthnhtnhmsosnhconngicangNgnhDimvcon
ngicangHChMinh,nhngcbitchnhnmnhvaitrCngsnquctcangHChMinhvcaotcch"Cchmngqucgia"ca
ngDimPhnthhaitixcnhvaitrvvtrttyucangDimtrongcucutranhQucCngsptigiahaiminNamBc.Vvy,sau
ligiithiurtncnvtmhuytcaGiosVThuTnh,gimcNhaThngtinTrungVit(hinsngPhp),tictnhbquanhngiu
tiucccachnhcnhnngDimcngnhcatnhhnhchnhtrtngqutchnhmcaongDimnhlmtmnKhngMnhy
Trung,Hiu,Tit,Ngha,nhlmttnChaKitbci,cngbng.
BithuyttrnhsaucngNgnhCnchophtthanhlitrniphtthanhHun7mlin,cBThngtinSiGnchointhnh
schphtchocctnhlmtiliuhctpv,hnhnhnhtchoti,lnm1958cTngthngDimgivoDinhclpkhenngivcm
nsaukhingcxongtp"ChsNgnhDimvichnhnghaQucgia".
NhngnuslutmcaccngNgnhCn,TrnChnhThnhtrnylmtkhchlchotitrongvicxydngPhongtroCchmngQuc
giavngDuynhithchuynvingthmNhaTrangcaThtngDimsaumithcslphnthngtinhthnvtnhcmgitrhn.Th
tngDim,tngybtngNguynVnHinhchngi,tgiammnhtrongkhunvinDinhclp,nhngngaysaukhinhtanqunBnh
XuynrngStvmcdcngvicaoan,ngquytnhikinhlmaimutinlNhaTrang,nitiangchutrchnhim.
KhiThtngDimnNhaTrang,mcdutichlTlnhphnhngitPhmVnngvnnghti,vitcchChtchPhongtroCch
mngQucgiavngDuynhi,idinchoqundncdinvnchomngThtng.Titchcmtbuimttinhcadnchngvquni
timtcngvinstbbinnghnhnngDim.Timunmncnhtricaobinrng,cnhbchnhtthanhthin,thaymtqundnNha
Trangacaolithchtsngvingthchincuccchmngdntc,xydngisngmimnohnhphcchongbosau100nm
quhngmchmtrongnldigtgiystcathcdn.Clitngvnhiunhnchngkhngquncnhngbgi,trem15,16
tuinmchmlyvThtngkhknhnglihnhoancthytnmtnhlnhovdnvnc.TicnnhngDimnhntirm
rmncmtnhmunchiasnicmnghnhoancang.Saubuilncho,ngDimkhngchuvtaTnhtrngncmtramli
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rmncmtnhmunchiasnicmnghnhoancang.Saubuilncho,ngDimkhngchuvtaTnhtrngncmtramli
ivncmchungviccsquanCulcb.NgigiaitLinhQuangVin,TlnhVngBa,vitng,TlnhPhnkhuDuynhi,
vtrc60squan,ngDimniviccsquanhindinlngrtbitnquninghng,hysinhchong.nghastrungthnh
vidntcvancnhnbnbvinhquang.
SaukhithmNhaTrang,ngboticngitheonglnLttiptcchuynkinhlcang.Cchuilmticmng.nLt,ng
chobitsthngtilnitvsbnhimlmTlnhPhnkhuDuynhithaychoitPhmVnnggichcTlnhSonNng(S
on3)PhanR.CnngThiQuangHonglnchcthiutngvsgichcTlnhQunkhuIIIthaychoitLinhQuangVin.Saunyti
mibitvicthngcpchotivThiQuangHong...nmtrongchtrngtngthngchungchonhngngicdnslnqunstng
nghngDimtnhngngyuvtrongnhngngynggpkhkhniphnhngkththcdnvphongkin.Chtrngdoccng
TrnChnhThnh,TrnTrungDung,TrnNgcLin...nghlnngDim.Mingiccngucthngmtcp,vdnhngNguynn
Duyn,nguyncshngnhcthnglncshngnhtnhngVNhNguyn(hinPhp),tChnhthanhtraCnganhngbaln
ChnhthanhtraCnganhngnh.Vvthngthng,nnm1964,khitngNguynKhnhlmThtng,nghybnhngnghnhthng
cpclmchomtsngivcngbtmn.(VgiosHnhcVNhNguynbitrvnnyvcnphnnnvititiSiGn).
Nhvy,tnay,nhimvcatitrntonPhnkhuDuynhi(gmbntnhPhYn,KhnhHa,NinhThun,BnhThun)sgmkhngnhnggi
gnanninhaphngnymcnvmtchnhtr,phixydngchoqunchngmtthcchnhtrvngmnhmnidunglchngCngvng
hchCngHo.Trc1945,ticqualiNhaTrangvilntrongccchuynicngtcchongDimkhicnhotngchophongtroCng
.Lcbygi,uccnsuytvnhnghotngcchmngbmtvnguyhim,vlituitrnntichanghnvicanclcnghipcho
gianh.Nhngtnm1953,khicivminthydnggihincttrng,lmidinchoQunkhuII,ticnhiuthgiquanstdntnh
cnhtrtnhKhnhHa,vticnhschntnhlNhaTranglmquhng.nhnytrthnhquytnhvsaungychiacttncvo
thng7nm1954,tilinhcmthyngytrlinichnnhauctrnvngtngnsngGianhquthtlxavi.Saunhngnmlgtkhpmino
mintnc,tithyNhaTrangqulnitlnhchochimu,cthlmnisinhsngvnhvinchovcon,lmnithalngchomnhkhi
tuivchiu.TisaymNhaTrang,quynluynNhaTrangvNhaTrangkhngkhpknutrmnhcHu,khngcnlnhlngnh
Lt,khngnonhitxbnhSiGn.TiyuNhaTrangvcnhnonnctrimytnht.NhaTrangsngngmkhngsungs,mngmm
khngsuno,mtthnhphtrungbnhnhngthanhlchnhlnhthQuchTnmtsauy:4
NhnaivingcnhNhaTrang,
MuntmducthsangThpB.
Muntrngtribinbaola,
ConthuynnhonhbiraHnChng.
Munxemclbinng,
XungtaHiHctrongvngTrngTy.
Munvuicngnc,cngmy,
Mytrmsuing,ncvysuitin.
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Mytrmsuing,ncvysuitin.
BaHlmththinnhin,
QuaSnlchnthntiniv.
LngmongnngbngB,
LnchaHicgnkNhaTrang.
NhaTrangtrngngcgitrm,
AnhvBnhnhldmnhthng.
Trchairpnongnng,
Nonsonggigmcantrngliem.
HnChchachm,
HnTrmchang,
NgoicnVnGi,
TrongcnCamLm,
Vncntrngngcgitrm,
Nghnthunghanngtnhthmmicn.
NgaytrccthichaNguynmmangbci,phongcnhNhaTrangnitingltnhtvihngdngliududngtrnmtbbinct
trngncxanh,dntnhNhaTrangnitinglhinhanhu,chbitkhaithctchabinmlmphngksinhnhai.Vouthkth
19,khinhbchcYersinnnhctiythnhlpvinPasteurnghincuthmvvitrnghctrnccbnhcaminnhiti,thNha
Trangcchnhtranglivanhmtcgiquxinhpimthmmtchtphnhngtrthnhmtthnhphchplclicunkhch
nhndu.
Nhngtkhitncquaphn,ngDimvnc,thNhaTrangbngvnmnhvtrthnhmt"thnhtrcchmng"singnningNg
nhNhu,chavllnhtngCnLaoNhnV,phichthnnytchcvicthnhlpQunyTrungngcang.Thtvy,lc
bygi,chmttunsaungythnhlpnnCngha(26101955),cuctrutphBoicnanglmchomtsdnchngminTrungxao
ng,minHuGiangcnkhilamtm,tnnicccnchpchngiphvibaonhiuvictrngi...thmngNhubthvivn
NhaTrangxctincngtcnytrongvngtrchnhimcati.QulmtvinhdchoNhaTrangvchoringti.
KhngaicbitngCnLaocthnhlpvolcnongoitrmtthiusrtnhnngctcangny,nhngaicngbitltlccha
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KhngaicbitngCnLaocthnhlpvolcnongoitrmtthiusrtnhnngctcangny,nhngaicngbitltlccha
nmcchnhquyn,ngNhucxyvnhiulncpnmtngbmtlmrngctchoch.Lmtnginghincuvchunh
hngphnnolthuytcaMaoTrchng,ngNhucngchtrngquntrvlnhoqucgiatheophngtrnhLnhtngNhnc
Nhndn,nhngiumngNhukhngngtilngtheomthcnymtcchqulthuytnnsaunythctctminNamthnhhai
vngchnhtrkhcnhau,lcthcranhgiirrnglcthlnlnvovinhauvinhiumuthunsum:HailnhtNgnhNhuvNgnh
Cn,haingCnLaominTrungvTrungng,hainhncchaibmycngquynvinhngnhnsvphngthcquntrkhcnhau,v
hailoinhndnchytheohaychnglich.(SnirhntrongchngIX:ngCnLao).
TinhnlnhnhimvTlnhPhnkhuDuynhichaithngthhaiTrungyLQuangTungvNguynVnChutHuvogpticho
bithaiCu(lcbygihaingTungvChugihaingNhuvCnbngCu)phihvoNhaTrangtholunvitivvictinhnhthnh
lpQunyTrungngcangCnLao.TihivsaokhnglpSiGnchognTrungngcang,hocHuchongnhns
nngcttrungkinmliNhaTrang,thngChutrliv"thngcpvanhemucngnhnqunnhnNhaTrangctrnhgicngchnh
trsu,ctinhthnhutranhcao,litrungthnhtritvilnhtNgnhDim".Rihkhngticlikhentilngiccnglntrongvicxy
dng"thnhtrcchmng"tibntnhduynhiminTrunglmthim.
iulmtithcmclcltikhngbitgvnglivschlcchnhtrcangCnLao,licngkhngbitgvvaitrvnhimvca
bphnqunytrongschlccangcngnhtrongschlcchungcaqucgia.Nhvybaldomhtrlitrnkiathtrachgmli
trongiucuimcnbgiihnna,nghalkhngphitonqun,tondntrongNhaTrangmch"cnbtrungthnhtritvilnhtNg
nhDim".Vtichthyltiuchunduynhtnhndinvktnpngvinnnsaubangyhihpvcktthnhqu,khitonthanh
embutilChtchQunyngCnLao,tilinvinramtsldo,cngcngnht,nhtquyttchichcvnycngnhtchibtk
chcvnotrongTrungngQuny.
Cuicng,khicscanthipcangNhuvnhtlchnhvshindincbitcang,nntinhphinhnchcyvinTrungngcng
nhThiutngLVnNghim,TlnhQunkhuIIvitTnThtXng(vngmttrongbuihp!).ChtchQunydoTrungyNguynVn
Chu(saunylGimcNhaChintranhTml,hinsngPhp)vPhChtchdoTrungyLQuangTung(saunylTlnhLclng
cbit)mnhim.lhaisquantrcnhngimchungrtnitingtrongqunivtinhthnaphngqukhch,vthimo
cungtn,vvquyttmphctngviukinmnhlnhcaanhemngNgnhDimmtnayttcqunnhncaQunititng
nbinhnhsbchiphivmtlptrngchnhtrvsbiukhinvmtcngtcchnhtr.
Saubuihp,ngNhutrliSiGn,ccngchvnhimsc.Ktqucabuihpvhnhthccngnhnidungcabuihpkhnggy
cmtxccmcbitnongoitrcitnhcmtolnmtictluldntcta,sutcthkny,chubitbaothngkhiulinh,
naycsngvcthamdvocngcucxydngmtnnCnghactdo,cdnchvcphclichotondn.Cqunyhaykhng
cquny,cnghaykhngcng,thngDimcngcscmnhcadnymtrngthchinnhngcmtithiuvchnhng
cah.Tnay,htrinhngtinhccaqukh.Tnay,trongvnhimi,nhngailmngtheoTytheoCngsthingbos
cthathlilmnhlibcicaChadynhngainuicmthvbpbcnptrongchc,squnhtonthnhlihxca
Phtdy,nginginmtaynhauvunxichotrmhoauankhpxmlng,chomngchNgnhDimkhaimmtcuccchmng
choquhngdntc.
1 WilliamHenderson,SouthVietnamFindsItself,trong"ForeignAffairs"(sXXXV)vChristianScienceMonitor(Sngy30455).
2 DouglasPike,Vietcong,tr.58
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3 JosephButtinger,VietnamAVietnam,APoliticalHistory,tr.411,412v"TheNewYorkTimes"(sngy30555).
4 QuchTn,XTrmHng,tr.154,157.
Chng6
BOI
VNGNHDIM
SaukhilclngBnhXuynbnhtanvouthng5nm1955,nhnvotnhhnhchnhtrminNamlcbygitathykhngcnmtcnhn
haymttchcnouytnqunchngvthclcchnhtrhocqunshiphclictnhtrngc,nghaltnhtrngcanhngchnh
phthnPhp.Hngicathiivvnnglchschuynhanctavomtknguynmi:knguyncangidnchthclm
chncmnh.
Trnmtlthuyt,lcbygiVitNamcthtrthnhmtnctheochqunchlphin(nhAnh,Nht,HaLan,Thyin,TyBanNha,
ThiLan)nghalgilithcthhonggianhmtbiutngqucgiavquynvvhitrnhmtbiniqutrongxhingknv
bothnhxhita,hoccthtrthnhmtnctheochCngHaiNgh(nhM,Php)dtkhothnvinnqunchqukh
vtraoquynlmchchongidn.ltrnmtlthuyt.Trnthct,qunchngchnlarivongy30thng4nm1955tiTa
ChnhSiGnquanghquytcaHingNhnDnCchMng,nghquytitrutphBoivtmthitraoquynlnhotncchong
DimtronglcchiHinPhpvQucHinhotchtnglaicatnc.lmtnghquytlchs,phtxuttrungthctcvng
caqunchng.
TuynhinvcinghquythplngdnvhpthiinhnglikhnghpanhemngDimnnanhemngDimvmusTrnChnhThnh
phidngnthonphnha,bgyvhuytnHinghucplychnhquynmkhngcnchinhngquynhcaHinPhpv
QucHi.Ngy10thng5,anhemngDimnphngthnhlpchnhphchnhthc,gmtonngithntnvnhngkuhng,khngcn
hikincaHing,cngkhngcmtnhnvtnocaHingcmithamdchnhph.
HingNhnDnCchMngdongNguynBoTonlmchtch,ngHHnSnlmPh,vngNhLanggichcTngthk,nhngHi
ng cn c mt banThng V cng do ngTon kim chc Ch tch vi cc y vin l: Vn Ngc, H Huy Lim, Nguyn Ph, Hong CThy,
NguynHuKhai,HunhMinh,onTrungCn,NguynVnQuyn.(BnnhnvtNhLang,HongCThy,HunhMinh,NguynHuKhai
hinangcmttiMvPhp).
tmcchnmchtchnhquyn,anhemngDimbnralnhchonhmyvinthntnlccngHHuyLim,HunhMinh,NguynHu
Khai,cmuthnhphnthnngDimtrongHinggymuthun,chnginib.ngthianhemngDimkttiHingquaTng
thkNhLanglthmlmbinthstintrnmttriung,stinmngDim(quaBThngTin)cpchoHinghotng.
KvitkhngdmnirngngNhLangvHingthmlmbinthtinbc,nhngtrongbicnhlonlclcbygithschitiucaHi
ngthtkhmchngminhbnggiytrngmcen.Hungchistindcbthtthotthcngchyusdngchoviccuvnavng
Dimquacnsnggingtngho.
TrchnhngphnbicaanhemngDim,ngNguynBoTonbntchcChtchHingphningDim.Bhmda,ngluivo
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bngtitronglcPhchtchHHnSntrnvTyNinhvbgitmtcchbmt.DlunlcbygichorngngNhumuachucc
tngCaoiNguynThnhPhngngnychothuchhstngHHnSn.(SaunytngNguynThnhPhngcngbngNgnh
DimmuachucphnligiochPhmCngTcmricuicngngNguynThnhPhngcngbNgnhNhuphnbi).CnTngthk
NhLang,ngitngcmsngdabntngNguynVnVcungDim,bcngancatngNguynNgcLvBThngTincang
TrnChnhThnhibtbvlmkhd.TuyccmusNgnhNhu,TrnChnhThnhchnhcngNhLang(nghalgintiphnhc
Hing)nhngricngnngtayvsmangtingphnbiqutrngtrn.TuynhinngNhLangvnlngickinhnghimutranhvcl
vncnbmnhvcichtkhnghicatngTrnhMinhTh,lisngNgnhNhulmthonnnvivtrnlnCaoMin,lmkluvong
cngvinhngngiluvongkhchotngchngnhNg.Ngoira,lutsHongCThyvnhtlngnghngDimtkhingDim
mivnc,nhngtrcthoncangNgnhNhu,cngtrthnhngiilpquytlitvichDim.
Phbnhnhngbinctrny,nhvitsButtinger,vncmttiSiGnlcbygivthnggpgccngDim,Nhu,chotamtbc
tranhyhnhnhrirm,xoquyt,ginhgit,binolykmtimunghichplinguynvnbngtingAnhchonhngskinlchsc
trnhbytrungthc:
InothertenebrousphasesofthesepowerstrugglesinSouthVietnam,thetruthcanbeglimpsedthroughthetightlywovenscreenofintrigues.Thisisnot
thecaseinthechainofeventsthatbeganintheafternoonofApril30,1955,whenagatheringofsome200personsattheSaigontownhallconstituted
itself as a GeneralAssembly of Democratic and Revolutionary Forces of the Nation.Although the outcome of these events is known, what actually
happened at various critical stages is not.The picture that emerges from the available conflicting reports is that of a weird kaleidoscope made up of
hate,lustforpower,greed,cowardice,andtreachery.1
(Tmdch:TrongnhnggiaiontitmkhccanhngmntranhginhquynlctiminNamVitNamthsthtvncththongthyc
quanhngmnmumandtchtchvonhau.Nhngrtkhbitrsthtcanhngchuibincbtuvochiungy30thng4
nm1955,khimtnhmkhong200ngihpnhautitaSnhSiGntgil"HingNhnDnCchMng".Mcdutabitrkt
qucachuibincny,nhngchuyngthtsxyratrongnhnggiaionquantrngthkhngaibitc.Nhngtngtrnhmu
thunvnhngbincnychothymthnhnhlonxnhnhnquaknhvnhoa,ymuscthght,tranhquyn,thamlam,hnh,vgian
ln).
CnkgiFrancisJ.Corleychotabitnhsau:
"VthnhphnlnhocaHinggmmtsnhnvtthotthaitnhndnmraviyptmchtcchmngnhNguynBoTon,H
HnSn,NhLang,TrnhMinhThvvnidungcanghquytchchongDimciquyntmthichchungktvndnhchoQucHi,tcl
nhndn,nhot,chonnlmchonhngngictruynthngchnhtrphongkinvcthamvnglnhtnhanhemngDimphibt
mn,niginvcmthybeda"2.
HingNhnDnCchMngvitntuicalnhtHaHoNguynBoTonvtronghoncnhtnclcbygiquthtlmttchc
yuytn,mttchc"lmlchs".Hingaramtquytnghvatochnhnghachoqucgia,vacungDimquacnkhkhnnguy
him,nhngvsphnbicaanhemngDimmHingtanr,chtyu.Cnnhngngimunlmcchmngciixhiththnth
gpphicnhlaolungybttrc,vimttnglaimtm.Hinggiitnri,anhemngDimbnltlbichnhtrcuicngquithinh
vmtmi,tcllbitrutphBoi,vQuctrnghpphp,skinmtisivochitittrongphnsaucachngny.
TuynhintrckhitiptcnivcuccoantrigiahaingBoivNgnhDim,timunmmtdungocycmylinivng
NhLangvtcphmPhongTroKhngChinTrnhMinhTh(PTKCTMT)cang.
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NhLangvtcphmPhongTroKhngChinTrnhMinhTh(PTKCTMT)cang.
PTKCTMTngoiphnchnhyunivcucivsnghipcatngTh,tichinkhucngnhlcvThnh,ngoiphnnivhotngu
tranhcangNhLang,tcgicnmunlmnibtmtsbincmticnphicnhnglichtchnh:
NguynnhnnobucngNhLangphilyquytnhbncraisangCaoMinluvongsngcucicccvtinhc.
NhngphntrndidngvimngbnghinghotngchoVitCngtiCaoMin.
ThichngCnghunghnqukhchcatcgi.
CichtcatngTrnhMinhThvcatngBaCtLQuangVinh.
LngngngmvbincatcgiivihaingDimNhu.
RtticltrongtcphmPTKCTMTtcgikhngghilimtsbincvncnuratrongbihikNgungcnnNhtCngHaVit
NamcngtrntuyntpQuHngsXunnm1977xutbntiCostaMesa,HoaK,nhngbinccthlmsngtthmthichnh
trcatcgidithiNhtvNhCngHaVitNam.
Nm1956,ng(NhLang)philuvongquaCamBt.nnm1960,ngbmttrvnc,nangbqunGiiphngbttingThp
Mi,saucthrarilibchnhphDimbtlitrongcucochnhNhyDngy11111960.ngngnghotngmtthigianchon
nm1970,nglicbulmTngthkyBanPhiHpHnhngccChnhng
VishiubitcacnhntivHingNhnDnCchMng,vchNgnhDimlcbygi,nayphihpvinhngliphntrnca
ngNhLangtrongtcphmPTKCTMTcngviligiithiutrntuyntpQuHngtimunnulnnhngkinsauy:
ngNhLangborngsdngphiluvongsangCamBtltrnhstranhchpgiahaingVnThnhCaovNguynThnhPhng,v
vchnnnbithibtthnthincamtsngicachDim,cbitlBtrngTrnChnhThnhvtngNguynNgcL,cni
vianhemTngthngDimthngNhLangtrcsauvnmtlngknhphc.Trili,theotithngNhLangraivkhipsvthmthanhem
ngDim,raivimuhptcvikthcaVitNamCngHaltchNgnhDim.CnhaingNguynNgcLvTrnChnh
Thnhchngquachlkthahnh,knhnmnhlnhcaanhemngDimhnhcngNhLangtronglchaingDimNhubngoivnt
racnuingta.
SaukhiHingNhnDnCchMngbgiitn,chtchNguynBoTonphiluivohotngbmtchngnhNg,haingTrnhMinhTh
vHHnSnbchtmtcchbnthngNhLangmraloschotnglai,sphncamnh.th,ngNhLangcnbiutravthmlm
tinbc,bhaingThnhvLlmnhc,ngNhLangmrauthnvcmthtcholbphnbi.Ngoira,ngNhLangcnbtmnvic
anhemngDimnngtngVnThnhCao,mtkithcaNhLang,lnthaythtngTrnhMinhThlmchongtacngganhghtvth
hnanhemngDimhn.
Ngoira,svicmngNhLangtCamBttrvVitNammtcchbmttrckhibincNhyDxyrarisaubinc,libch
DimbtbvsutthigiancnlicachDim,ngNhLangphisngmthmkhngcmthotngno,cngchothymicmthto
lncangtaivianhemngDim.
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TilicnnghingtrongnhngngysngluvongtiCamBt,cthngNhLangclinhviVitCng(quamtcnbCngSntnl
Ngin)vcngtcvichnhquynSihanouktrongmultchDim.NhngliphntrndidngcangvcucsngtiCamBt,
slutmcaQuctrngSihanoukiving,strvnccangtrckhibincNhyDxyra(bincmtinghrngginipPhp
choSihanoukbittrc),rilivVitCngbtngtingThpMirilithra,chophptinghingngNhLangclinhvi
CngSnvcngtcviSihanouk.
MtngigidnutranhnhngNhLanghlbncrailuvongchvbtmnvihaingNguynNgcLvTrnChnhThnh?Mt
ngi c thnh tch u tranh chng Cng nh ng h l Vit Cng bt c ri th ra mt cch d dng? Ngoi ra ng lin h vi chnh quyn
SihanouklmgkhimSihanoukangcoiVitNamCngHalkth?
VncnliltisaongNhLangcmthchDimnnhthmtrongtcphmPTKCTMTvtrongbiHikngtrntuyntpQu
HngnglihtlicangianhemTngthngDimvtuyndng"PhongtrophchitinhthnNgnhDim".TicthnghaingDimNhu
tisaominnm1970NhLangmivonghatrangthmmhaing?
SltsaukhichDimblt,cngnhgiiboch,giichnhtrngphitcolnnhau.DlunlnnngNhLangchytheonh
Ngnm1955phnbiliccngphi,phnbiVitNamQucDnngmngNhLangtnglmtngvinkcu,gipchonhNgcng
ccavvlmchoccngphibtiudit.T,NhLangthayilptrng,trlicaovbnhvcnhNgchnhnghahavic
lmcamnhvothi1955.Ngoira,NhLangcnbdluntcolhotngchoSihanoukvVitCngnhBtrngTrnChnhThnh
tnglnn,vthngNhLanglicngphitramnhvnlngichngCngquytlit.Munth,ngNhLangphidavouythnhmCng
gioCnLaoanglhuthunchnhtrchnhyucachnhquynNguynVnThiuvangtchcphongtro"PhcHiTinhThnNgnh
Dim"mcaoimlvonm1970,nmmngNhLangtixutgiangh.
TrongmuxatichongDimvtramnhticthngTngthngDimvngNhumtcchngonmchn,ngNhLanghcura
vicngNguynNgcThvcbconhotngchoVitCngnnlmplcTngthngDimsthitngLQuangVinh.NuqungTh
thn vi Vit Cng nh ng Nh Lang t co th ti sao sut 9, 10 nm tri, ng Dim li giao cho ngTh nhng chc v quan trng trong chnh
quyn,cbitlchcPhTngthngkimnhimKinhTvTiChnh.ngThquLongXuyn,vngsinhsngvnhhngcaHaHo,
ngThlicnhcas,chngtrmmut,cbconmmchang,ngThdigmgythonvimtlclnggiophingo,
cantrngvquytlitsnsngtrthchocThy,choccngchngo.HunggtngLQuangVinhlilbcongncangTh,vic
nycuBTrngNiVLmLTrinh(hinM)bitr.ChngquangThcngnhiasnhndnminNamlcbygitintngvo
tnglaithanhbnhhnhphccatncdongDimlnho,nnngnhnlichiudtngBaCtvuhngcngnhchiud
tngNguynGicNgvrtnhiuphntHaHokhcgipngDimnnhminTy.ngThcngungDimliralnhchotan
xtngianhhngHaHocaquhngng.BorngngThlmplcvingDimgitLQuangVinh,vythaiplcngDim
ngNguynBoTon,mtlnhtHaHo,bngDimralnhsthi?Khngcnphididngmchcnc"PTKCTMT"cngthyrngngNh
Langkhngaranhngchngccthno,chcnhngsuylunmtchiumlidmxcquytvicngThlmplcngDimsthi
tngLQuangVinhcngnhvicMaiHuXungittngTrnhMinhTh.
CngtrongmcchmunnhtandlunnghingmnhclinhviVitCng,ngNhLangtrahunghnhnkhiaranhiunhnxt,nhiu
khochchngCngvlnhtrnghpngchtrchTngthngTrumanhaytrnghpdngdukchnhchimhaitnhaucaBc
Vit.
HtlngcaoTngthngDimuithychungvitngTrnhMinhTh,ngNhLangblvicngDimclilkhinhthtngThtrc
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mtLansdalelmchoLansdaleniginbongDimngcnhnglilkhinhchtngThnhvyna3.
HaianhemngDimNhutrongbcngnguykhnphichthnlntnniBenthnhcutngThemqunvthnhcugip,hnh
ngckhcgbaanhemLuQuanTrngnNgaLongCngthnhcuKhngMinhvpht,thmngDimnkhinhthtngThkhi
quniBnhXuynbnhbtquabnkiacuchY.NhvyngDimcphilngivongnbinghakhnghngNhLang?
PhbnhtcphmPTKCTMT,bLinhBotrongtpchVitNamHiNgoi(SanDiego)calutsinhThchBchvitnhsaunimcGia
ChngMnh:
...TheoLBbitthHngvochinkhuramttngThvimtcunschtnl"Conngtranhucachngta".TngThchoincuny
lmtiliulluncnbncaphongtrokhngchinqucgia.Ngheuanh(NhLang)lcvokhuvitngThramtvimtbithca
tnglnht,ccuul:"TrnhMinhTh,nganhhngcuquc!"Haicchramttngphnnhaunhthkhngthyanhnin.iuLB
ngcnhinl:anhHngchngnhnglmtchinshudanh,khngnhngctnmlicntnhtlbatntrongcunschanhvitanhHng
thnhramtchinsvdanh!Ccanhemkhcycngchuyntayccunschcaanh.cxong,nhngaitngchinkhuTrnhMinh
Thcngnhnhngaituykhngvokhunhngsngtrongthiky,ucnhngkinkhlyk.Hnhnhcmtvingibngm
ngangynhvitthm,hayvitnhng"lchsks"cngmtgiaionbtchaybkhuyt,hayiuchnh,hay..v,hugipngii
saucthmtiliumsosnh"lchs"v"ks".LBhianhTBv10iulutthnhtrongchinkhuTrnhMinhTh.Anhychnhc5iu.
Anhcnhkhng?4
NhngliphphntrnychngnhngchothytcphmlchskscangNhLangcrtnhiusailmkhimkhuytmquantrnghn,cn
lnnngNhLangthiutcphongcchmngvcnhnghnhngngphixt.
NgoinguytsanVitNamHiNgoira,nguytsanThanhNinHnhngsramtngy1101985phthnhtiSanJose,trongmcimSch
cnhngphntchtmhnvtcphmPTKCTMT.ThanhNinHnhngcnsosnhschngNhLangvischcamtkgiMvca
Lansdale,vchothynhiuskintringhch.ktlun,ThanhNinHnhngvitnhsau:
Vvy,chngtakhngngcnhinkhiichiugiacunhikcaNhLangvcaLansdalecnhngskincvitrarttringhch
Chngtaccmtcinhnchnchnchohnhngvshyvng.Cinhnchnchnlbitrhnna,ailnhngthnhphnbnng
dntcMtcuccchmngcchnhnghaphiphtxuttnguynvngcaiasnhndn.Phitquynlidntclntrnht.Mtlc
lngcchmngthhincconngchnhnghanykhngth"hptc"vinhngbnngithintnhnglunmangdanhngha"qucgia",
mtchphidntcnhNgnhDim.lbihccncrtta5
CnngLNhtThng(trntpchnhSngDnTc)thvitthngrng:
Tcphm"Phong Tro Khng Chin Trnh Minh Th" ch em li mt thng ip ng ch l tch cc chng Cng Sn, cn li ch l s tp hp
nhngkhenngibnngi.lTrnhMinhTh,NgnhDim,NgnhNhuv"LeMoi"(ciTa)cnaiaicngbtcgichtrch,svhtthy.
Ringiviti,saukhitcphmPTKCTMTrai,ngNhLangvngPhanXngcnhgitngtimtcunvilitngythntnhgi
tilctri.Saukhicxongsch,tibngithcmntcgingthinulnmtsskinmtikhngngvingNhLang.Nirra
nhththyrngvitlionhiktrnnytikhngccvingibncmtichmunlmsngtlchshuthkhihiulmcha
ng.
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ng.
Rttic,tmlngchnthnhcatibngNhLangphnnghtschcpvthbo.ngvitbonhcmti,gnchotilCngSnv
kchthchnhngthnhphnCnggiocungtnhingoichngphti.Nhngsthtvnlstht,nhiucgivitbingbo,vitsch
vchtrntmaxuxavhnhxkhnglngthincangNhLang:nhbYnVnvcVTrngKtrnboVietPress,nhcNguyn
DuyHiptrnboChnHng,nhngTrngThintrnboTiaSng,nhnhvnLNhtThngtrnboSaigonBolsavnhSngDnTc,
nhnhmngVngQuvnhvnXunTctrntVnHaColoradovcbitlcun"LtMtNNhngConThLChnhTr"cang
LTrngVn.TtclttrnthongiantrvthiuoccangNhLangvcun"PhongTroKhngChinTrnhMinhTh"cangta.
o0o
TrlibinctrutphBoi,mtbinclnltcxclnhncatncbinthintknguynqunchquaknguyndnch,ti
xincvihngvthnthvsnghipcahainhnvttiubiuchohaiknguyn:ngBoi,vvuacuicngcanhNguynvngNg
nhDim,vTngthngutincaVitNamCngHa.
TriuinhNguynbtuktkhivuaGiaLonglnnginm1802chonkhichmdtditriuBoinm1945,triqua10ivua,m
gcquamtbntic"rcvoivgiymt"thnhNguynvncnhiuvvuaccngtimvngsoncholchsncnh.
TrchttixinslcvvuaGiaLong,vvuasnglpratriuNguyn,quacinhncanhvitsPhmVnSn:
vuaGiaLong,tconngiqunnhnnconngichnhtrcnhiuimcbitkhintaphicoivuaGiaLongcnglmtnhnvtklitca
lchstrnnhiuphngdin.Nhnvtnycnhiuiuhaymcngcnhiuiud.
ChiutheocirthGiaLongthucvmtdnghcnhiudanhtng,giumuc,mlc,nhnni,cnc,thngminh,trclc,nhvym
trongthitrungsuy,Nguynnhmi17tuicmucbinhtng,nmvngclngdn,bnphenvinhnhctGianh,nhiuln
xiubtngoikhi,trigitcvotXim,nngnhtriunhVngCc,clcphihysinhctnhmng(dittrgicMinvMLaichoXim
La)muachucthincmcangihngcchnngthn.Trn20nmrng,vuaGiaLongxngxokhpccchintrng,tvngngNai
raThunHa,vtbintronontrongvngkhilamtmngmvnkhngbaogiluibc,conngiythtnglmtchins.Trcimny
takhngthkhngvtaykhenngiThTnhNguyn.
Vchnhtr,khisccnglctn,GiaLongchogimmcBaLcemconmnhlHongtCnhicucuvincPhpvlunlungiao
thipkholovicclnbanglyngoivin,nhmchngnhngngiuChumcccqunXim,Min,LothngqualinhTy
Sngipmnh.Ngoigiaonthlkholotuyrngmangngingoivnhanhemtrongnhllmmthnhngkhngpsovivic12
Squntrntmthkvtrc.Nhngnkhisnghipthnh,ngiqucchvng,GiaLongthayilunthi,lntingkcviXim,
tMin,Lovovnglthuc.Tinthoikinhquynnthquthtlmaul,ququytTuyvy,vuaGiaLongcngcmttsonnhbc
bovtnnhnvicctrungthn,nhhnhngtrthdmanviithclanhhngNguynHu,nhbitdtmcacngqucTy
phngmkhngckschgichonckhib"BchHa".6
SauvuaGiaLong,tuyccqucTyphng(cbitlPhp)btuphtngmmuthntnhnctamccvkhbanulccdchv
bunbnvsphihpchtchvisinhhottruynboCnggioLaM,nhngdithibavvuaMinhMng,ThiuTr,Tc,qucgiavn
cnhontonclpvnmgichquyn.
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Bavvuany,nukhngphilanhqunthilonthcngchngtlminhvngthibnh,mtlngvncthngdn,phthuycnhng
thnhqucachanglidatrnnnlunlnhnnghacannTamgio.Chticrngtrnmtphttrinkinhtvvndngnhntivtlc
catnc,hvncnnngtinhthnboth,chtrngbmntacngkhngchutipnhnnhngtroluvnhavkthutcancngoi
hahatrongmtchnhschcicchduytnchoncnhthmhngmnh.cbitditriuvuaTc,nhhngTngNhoca"Thin
TriuTrungHoa"licdpphttrinmnhmtrongmtxhitnginnh,mnhngcltchngtrthnhnhngmumcolng
scmnhvnhacaqucgia.
Cngditriuicabavvuany,tuycgimtsphion(BiViniMlmt)nghincuncngoi,nhngtinhthnbingoitrit
biuhinquachnhschcmo,gitovamcmucccovatoracicchoqucPhpnmcchnhngha(tiPhp)xua
qunxmlngiangsn.cnhiungicaisau,hocvnhngxcngchquanhocvnhngthinkinbphi,nhnchnhschny
mtcchphindinvnginlnnnngnbavvuatrnmkhngchutmnhvokhungcnhcathiisuynghimvphphn
chokhchquanhn.
Theokinringcatithtrnmtchnhtr,vcthhntrnbnhdinphttrinqucgiavgiaohquct,quthtccngvuanyngb
phphnkhtkhe.Nhngngcli,trnmtnhnvn,thccvvuachphnnhnguyncatuytiasqunchngmthi.Bnch
"BnhTy,StT"trongnhngbihchcaccphongtroVnThnvCnVngdoccsphuchxnglmttrongnhngchimutranh
caccbncnglnhchnhtrny,thhincicvnglnlaovichngcanhndnl"gitotrcrinhTysau".
Nutrnmtchnhtr,ccvvuacmtchnhschkhnkhohnthCnggioLaMcdunhpvoVitNamvmayrachaha
thnhmtthCnggioVitNamnhtrnghpoPhtcchyhaingnnm.Lilmchnhtrcaccvvuany,scuktgiachnhquyn
PhpvGiohiLaMVaticanlcbygi,nhngthamvngmmangncChacahitruyngio,vtruynthngchngngoixmthhin
chnhngnhngkhngngmccadnta.lbnyutchnhchiphitrnghunglchslcbygivlmchoHiTruynGioHiNgoi
PhpqunichcnngraotruynctincaChatrongnhni,chcntinhnhnhimvcaoccamnhnhmttrnchinxmthcvn
ha.Sctnhphphnhqucachnhschcmochdatrnmtchnhtrmkhngtntrongbicnhnhnvncathiilcbygi,
lmtthithiutrchnhimvthiulngthincamtsnhvitsmuntrntrnhsthtmthi!
BygithlchschngminhmtcchqurrngvquyrngchnhcithamvngxmthcvnhacaHiTruynGioPhpl
nguynnhnchyuvlikhhuhiucachnhschxmlngqunschnhtrcaqucPhplcbygi.Trongtintrnhcuktny,nhng
khunmtcaAlexandredeRhodes,PigneaudeBhaine,Puginier,Pellerin,Taberdlnhngchnhtrgialoluynkhocotustinhnh
mtthonchnhtrcinnhtnhngcnghuhiunht:chiatr.Hchiadntathnhhaikhilnggiobtkhhavbtkhdung.
LchscaHiTruynGioHiNgoignlinmtcchchtchvilchsbnhtrngnhhngcaPhptingDng.Mttrongnhngsng
lp vin ca Hi, ng Pallu, ng vai tr lin lc gia hai triu nh Php v Hu. V gio s ni ting nht ca Hi, Gim mcAdran Pigneau de
Bhaine,chnhthcgiatngmiquanhny:ScanthipcacchivincaHiTruynGiovochnhtnhVitNamdnnhnhng
xmlcvlcutin(caPhp)7.
MtstrthcThinChagioVitNamnhccngNguynVnTrung,LChnhTrunghnmttrmnmsau,trongkhisuynghimvsbtc
nhnvncannvnminhTyphngvtrongninimkhhncamtngiVitNamlnn,cngnhnthyvnulnrsthtny:
TuynhinlchschothyrngtkhiGioHi(LaM)trthnh"QucGio"thcygmtinhthncathnhPhaoLlunlunbcmd
binthnhcygmthpthts.Ktdoy,mikhihoncnhchophp,GioHikhngngnngidngthlctiuditcctngiokhc,
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binthnhcygmthpthts.Ktdoy,mikhihoncnhchophp,GioHikhngngnngidngthlctiuditcctngiokhc,
pphccnth"Tthn",tschvngoio,vtlunbnngibxeml"Lco"nukhngchusasai8.
Cihoncnhkhngmaynvidntatthk16nthk20,dnVittrthnhitng,nnnhncaHiTruynGioHiNgoi
PhpvonqunxmlngPhp.ChonnngLChnhTrungmihbtvitmylitmhuytnhllithti:
Ngynay,mingiungrngviccmodiccnhvuatriuNguynlmthnhngbtnhnvsailm.Nhngnuchngtatt
mnhvoavccnhvuay,vocikhungcnhtmlthi,thclchngtakhcthlmkhchn9.
"Khcthlmkhchn"chlthi"tmvdntc"canhngngiCnggioVitNamkiuNguynVnTrung,LChnhTrung.Cnivi
anhemngDim,ivinhmCnggioCnLaothlithantrchcaLChnhTrungchlmchoanhthmmangti:citi"lco",citi"thn
Cng",citi"bnhvchnhngnhngkngoio".Maythay,LChnhTrungvtnhcnhtrthcCnggioEtienneVcHnhgintip
trngbybngcvcitithcdncaccgiosngoiqucvcitilmtaysaichokxmlngcagiodnVitNamdithk19.Trongtc
phmLaplaceduCatholicismedanslesrelationsentrelaFranceetleVietNamde18511870,davonhngtiliucamtstcgiPhpv
mtsgiosngoiquc,EtienneVcHnhvitnhsau:
SousTc,ungrandnombredecatholiquesVietnamienssontdintelligenceaveclesFrancais,certes,maiscettecollaborationestplusmaterielleque
formelle. Comment expliquer cet tat de fait sans ajouter aux raisons prcdentes les circonstances politiques la fois troubles et troublantes de
lpoque?
LesambitionsdesChaTrnhdanslengNgoi,desChaNguyndanslengTrongetcellesmomentanesdesfrresTySnneconnaissent
plusdelimites.Lepeuplequiensouffre,surtoutceluiduBcKalanostalgiedesroisLdontitgardeunsouvenirineffaceable.BienqueChaNguyn
Phc nh ait unifi lEmpire, la dynastie des Nguyn nest pas aime elle est jamais considre comme lengeance dinsurpateurs. La fidlit des
populationsappellelarsurrectiondesLetlarecherchedunrejetonroyal.CequiexpliquelesuccsduprtendantcatholiqueLDuyPhng.
Au jour de T c, chrtiens et non chrtiens linstigation des missionnaires, rsistent ici sourdement, l ouvertement au roi rgnant mieux la
dynastiedesNguynpourplusieursmotifs.LesNguynontvolletrnedesroisL.Leursdescendantsactuelsontmanqulemandatducielpour
avoirtraitaveclesenvahisseursetcdlennemiuneportionduterritoirenational.Uneseulediffrence:leschrtiensfontcausecommuneavecles
francais,lesnonchrtiens,lescombattent"10.
Tmdch:
DitriuTc,mtsngngiThinChagioVitNamqulmtnhbochoPhp,nhngscngtcychctnhcchthctinhnl
quythc.Lmsaocthgiithchctnhtrngynukhngthmchonhngnguyndoy,nhnghoncnhchnhtrrirmngphilou?
ThamvngcachaTrnhngNgoi,chaNguynngTrongvcanhemTySnuvgiihn.Tnhtrngylmchonhndnaukh,
nhtlnhndnBcKvnhoivngnhLmhcnhngknimkhxam.DchaNguynPhcnhthngnhtgiangsn,nhng
nhNguynkhngcthngmnvmimibcoilnhngkcpquyn.LngtrungthnhcadnchngihisphchinhLvtm
kimmthudu.LdogiithchchosthnhcngcaLDuyPhng,ktnhnlngihuduThinChagiocanhL.
DitriuiTc,theosxidccaccgiosngoiquc,ngiThinChagiovngikhngThinChagiokthchinumthm,
kthcngkhaichnglinhngnhvuaangtivhnlchnglinhNguynvnhiunguynnhn.NhNguyncpngivuanhL.
102/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
kthcngkhaichnglinhngnhvuaangtivhnlchnglinhNguynvnhiunguynnhn.NhNguyncpngivuanhL.
Nhngvuaniquynhintithkhngcnthinmnhkktviqunxmlngvnhngmtphnlnhthchokth.Chkhcnhaul:ngi
ThinChagiothhptcviPhptrongmtmctiuchung,cnngikhngThinChagiothchinuchngli.
GcmtbnvicEtienneVcHnhctnhxuyntclchsdntc,chngtathyrrngngtahnhoanvinhdanhhnhnglmtaysai
chothcdncangiCnggioVitNamdithk19.
VicitiphnquccagiosngoiqucvgiodnVitNamthlmsaovuachanhNguynlikhng"cmo,gito".
NichorrathtngyoChadunhpvoVitNamtgiathk16choniTcgn300nmtri,vuachanctavitruynthng
hiuhavbnchthiukhchbitbaophenmrngvngtaychogiosvgiodntdohnho.Khnni,ccco"ccng
chnlilnngu"trongmuthntnhVitNamchonnmictnhtrngcymunlngmgichngngng,ccvuachanhNguynphi
cmo,gito,sphuVitNamphiphtc"BnhTyStT".Nhnghnhngtuytncnhnglilnhngbinphpbtbuccu
nccudntrongtnhthquhnglcbygi,mtquhnglonlytangtcdochnhccgiosvgiodngyramnhtrthcCnggio
EtienneVcHnhlictnhcaovbnhvch.
VocuiivuaTc,tncttmtdnvtayngiPhp.Rinnm1884,vihipckktgiaidinPhplPatentrevidin
triunhAnNamlNguynVnTngvPhmTrngDut,thncVitNambchiathnhbak:Namkthucacquychnhmttnhht
caPhpqucdomtThngcPhpcaitr,BckBohdomtthngsPhpcaitr,vTrungkBohdomtkhmsPhpngu.ivi
xBohTrungktThanhHanPhanThit,Phpvngilinnqunchcvuavtriunhvichthquyn,hdanh.(Vvy,ty,k
vitxinginhNguyntthincnhbhlnhMtNguyn).
ThiMtNguyn,trvuangKhnhlmtngvuahinhunhngchngitrnngaivngccbanmricht,cnnhngvvuakhc,cng
thlvuacchmng,cngththucloivuabnhn.
Vcchmngthc:
VuaHmNghi(1884)bkinhthnhraTuynHa(QungBnh)lpchinkhu,phtcaongncCnVngchngPhp.Rivthncthyu,lib
mttnMng(TrngQuangNgc)phnbibtNgigiaochoPhpnnbPhpemyAlgrie.
VuaThnhThi(18881920),lnngikhimi10tui,lvvuathngminhuynbc,thmnhunttngcchmngTrungHoavNhtBn,mun
thchincngcuccicchqucgia,adntcnconngtntin.NhngttcviclmcangubngiPhpngntr,Vuatcgin
gicchinr,ngmngmxngxutathanhninrancngoicuhcdngvoicucsauny.Chnhnhvuacngmmuxutngoi
nhngskhngthnhnnnm1907,khiPhpdbitcvualinlcviPhongTrongDucuvinNhtBn,bnbtpvuathoivvy
quaoRunionnDng.
VuaDuyTn(trvt19071916)lconvuaThnhThi,cnnhtuimnhiuphenbclnicmththcdnPhp.Nhnmtbuibithuyn
cuccaTng(QungTr),nhvuaramtcuichothngthNguynHuBi,ngicaPhp,dxemlngdngnynhthno:
Ngitrnnckhnngncnc,
Trtbungculphiln.
103/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
pli,thngthNguynHuBikhuynnhvuannnhmmtchuthuathicuc:
Ngmvicimngnchoi,
Liunhmmttiuhay.
VuaDuyTnlinphn:"Thythhayliuthichkhngbaoginghcchnguvinghchcnh".Ttnhin,lmsaongNguynHuBi,con
caHiTruynGioHiNgoi,cthnguvithcdnPhpc.
Tuynhin,vuaDuyTnvnchbtkhutnnquyttmithiclmcchmngphchinnclpchotnc.Thchinthnhtxyra
lmtchittp,riligpcccngchyuncnhhaingTrnCaoVnvThiPhinhtlnghtr,nnNgibnquytnhpht
ckhingha.Chngmayqucvncngplctrunchuyn,vicinghacavuaDuyTnthtbi,NgibbtvbyquaoRunionlcmi
17tui.
TrongthchinthHai,hongtVnhSan(tclvuaDuyTn)cmtthigianmangcpbcThiutcaPhp.Ngy10thng6nm1945,Ngi
lntingtrniphtthanhBrazzavillethucPhp,ihhotondnVitNamnnnghetheotinggicatqucmnglnxydng
ncnh,nucaodanhdchogingni.
Ngy26thng12nm1945,NgibchttrongmttainnmybayxBanguithucTrungPhi.Theodlunhithcichtththmnyc
nhiuchititbn,cgithitchorngchnhthcdngynnchnngvnccamtnhiqucctondntnnhim11.
ThlnhMtNguyncbavvuayuncvctinhthncchmngbPhpbtiyChuPhi.Skinphnnotrctipnggpcho
quyttmutranhchngPhpcasphutrongncvtrthnhtigyxcngchonhiuvnnghsyunclcbygi.NhNhoPhan
QucQuang,hiulThngTnTh,quThaThin,cmxccnhchaconvuaThnhThivncvdnmbay,ngbnthclivvua
lmramibithnhanlKhuPhThnctruyntngtrongnhngianmvothiPhph,aiclncngkhngcmcncmt.
Bithnilnnilngcnlbngcamtngikhuphniqunhngymmimnichngtrngcon:
KhholgancynhNg,
yvigitlncsngHng.
Niauxtcamtnginbtrcthmcnhquhngdub,tbitsinhly,lmchosngniccy,vnlvtvtnhmcngphi"git
lyvi,cantrngkhho".
SaunhngvngvytuytvngcavuaDuyTn,ccvvuacnlicanhMtNguynchlnhngmlalelicamttriuiangnhisuy
tn,nhtllcchnhquynthcdnthigianvlclngcngcbmybohcah,cngnhlcqunchngthcc
nhimvnngngchthccamnhnglnthayvuamcunc.
ChonnhaivvuacnlilKhinhvBoichhnhxnhnhngvvuabnhn,hocciutunphclnhngiPhpnhvuaKhinh,
hoccnbungxuitheosmnhnhvuaBoimthi.
104/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Thtvy,vuaKhinh(trvt19161925)bsphulnnlVitgian,bnhn,khontrngvicncvotaythcdnPhp.CPhanChuTrinh
tnggivuaKhinhl"DnTc",vnm1922,khivuaKhinhsangPhpdcuctrinlmquct,cPhangimtlthtrchnhvuaby
iu:Tnbyqunquyn,Lmhnhthngpht,Thchchunghvn,Xaxqumc,Phcscllng,Chibiv,vHnhngmmui
trongvicbanggiaoviPhp.
CncNghNgcK,hiulTpXuyn,chbtboHuThanh,nm1924thlichmbimbngbithlnnKhinhnhsau:12
HIGIALONG
AivaphhiGiaLong,
Khinhthngnyphichung?
Mtlttunvuiltr,
Trmgiabachckhnhnng.
MiringoiBctailinn,
NmngoisangTyavicng.
Bohtraudinntngg,
Vuathicn,ncthikhng.
VuaBoi(19251945),vvuacuicngcanhNguyn,lcontraicnhtcavuaKhinh,nhngcbitdinmocngphonglikhc
hnvuacha.ngcntmtchin,ingnghimtrang,nninghong,dngiungbchngchc.RtnhiutiliuchothyngBo
ikhngphilconrutcavuaKhinh,vvuaKhinhmangbnhbtlckhngthgnginb.
VuaBoihylVnhThy,sinhnm1913(QuSu)tikinhthnhHu.Ngy28thng4nm1922,ngcvuachatnphonglmngCung
HongThiT,nghaltcvcamtthitscquynningivua.Ngy15thng5nm1922,khingmilnchntui,thcvuachav
chnhphBoHchoiPhpduhc.TrongthigianPhp,ngcvuaKhinhgigmchongCharles(mtvcukhmsTrungk)
gimhnhmtngichanuisnsctrngcoi.Nm1925,khivuaKhinhbngh,Boivncchutangvlmlngquangln
ngiHong.Sau,ngtrliPhptiptcvichcchonnm1932thvncvnhvin,vchnhthctcviukhintriunhAn
Nam.
NhndntatngybPhphvnlintckincngchinuchnglikthxmlng.NgaycditriuKhinhmvicnchunh
khontrngchothcdnPhpvchoHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpquangVHinNguynHuBi(nhtltrongkhongthigian19251932,
tkhivuaKhinhbnghchonngyngBoivncchpchnh),lacchmngvnhnghcchytronglngdntcVit.Ngnla
ctbnglnvcnuidngmnhnhnhhngcabnnthnhchsPhanBiChu.Lacchmngmnhlitnnitrccao
troutranhcatondnphnkhngbnnny,thcdnnhphihybnnvemCvqunthctikinhthnhHu(1925).Trongkhong
105/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
troutranhcatondnphnkhngbnnny,thcdnnhphihybnnvemCvqunthctikinhthnhHu(1925).Trongkhong
thigian,nhngphongtrocchmngvnhngbinngquantrnglintipxyra:ngTnVitCchMnggmaslnhngtrthc
trraitiHu,phongtroSVitnilnNghTnhvcucnilonmmucaVitNamQucDnngBcVitdoanhhngNguyn
ThiHccmu.LicnnhhngcaphongtroCngtihingoi,caPhongTrongKinhNghaThc,cacuctranhuidn
quyncachsPhanChuTrinhttclnhnghasnmchytronglngdntc.Vvy,trcchikhngcanhndnbyts
btmnivichbohvnhtlivitriunhmcntginua,ngiPhpbnlidngvicvuatrBoihiloantrtrunghatriu
nh,vhaschonhvuathchinmtscicchmongxoadulngdn,mvicutinlsathilpquanligicvhutrthayth
bngmtlpngitrtrunghn.
Nhngquanlilntuinychngnhngllpngilchukhnghpthitheokpvidntrmingymttinb,masnhngvquanny
lnhngnnhthnthamnhng,lmtaysaichoPhp.BithcaCNghNgcKdiynilncitcchcalpquanliomoxnh
xangmthtrachlnhngconbungxunglmgaimtmingi:
Culinhphnchraoai,
Chuynchnquenthichoi.
Qunchcbayvuitrcmt,
Dnquyntrngnhchnbntai.
Bi,Limgiohimkhoetitr
Hu,Ththngminhgibtti.
Cmhtcngmntinhil,
NgoiraTimmclngai.13
(Bi,Lim,Hu,ThltnbnvThngthmBitclngNguynHuBingiuchongDim,vHutclngThnTrngHu,ng
ngoicabNgnhNhu).
Tronglpquanliginua,nginitingnhtlngNguynHuBi.NitingvngltaysaiclcnhtcahaithlcThcDnlcby
gi.MtlhthngcaitrcaPhp,vmtlhiTruyngioHingoiPhp.ngcngnitingvvitcch,nglilvttngcmutriu
chnhtrongthigianvuaBoiduhctiPhp,quthtngNguynHuBilmtthvuakhngngai.Thibygi,sphnquanlittrn
xungdiunmtrongtayng,isngnhndncngnmtrongtayngquanhngchnhschngnghvichnhphBoH.
TheogiosNguynVnXunthngNguynHuBicn5ninchungquanhHu,cninrngnc1.000murung.Phbnhng
NguynHuBi,vgiosihcHuvit:
ivichngta,ngynaycthcngkchNguynHuBi,nggiacaNgnhKhivnggiahtcaNgnhDim,chorngchlmtth
"biTy"dngclitvohng"yvuakhngKh,omkhngBi",vnhngnhnin(nin)cangchtheophngthcbcltt
106/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"biTy"dngclitvohng"yvuakhngKh,omkhngBi",vnhngnhnin(nin)cangchtheophngthcbcltt
bnTyphngtnnhnvtrongsthtcngnggiltnchninququyt14.
Ngoiratrongtcphm"HongTVnhSang"casgiaVNgChiu(tr.113114)ctrchngmtlthcavuaThnhThitSaintDenisgi
vchov,tcoThngThNguynHuBitrongcucnidycavuaDuyTnlpkxidcvuaDuyTnbinirangoiHongthnh
Tybt.
Vimtthnhtchtaysaiclccahaiththcdnnhth,vvistchlytisnlnlaonhthmlitxnglngiclngyuncyu
vua,dm"yvuakhngKh,omkhngBi"thquthtlmtslivingichiubitvtmltnhbovllunchnhtr.CnngNg
nhKhthlilngitheoiVitgianNguynThncmqunnhphchinkhuPhannhPhng,omClnrilythucsngtrnvi
thihiCbnichomttch(tiliucatpchLnngsramt,Houston,trongphnphlcE).Ngoira,quabcthgichoTonquyn
Decoux,gimmcNgnhThc(xemphnphlc)xcnhnCNgnhKhvhaiconNgnhKhi,NgnhDimultaysaiclcca
thcdnPhp.
CntrnghpngNguynHuBikhngkgiyomvuacncphntchkcnghn.Theotcphm"HsVuaDuyTn"mcHong
TrngThc,mtnhnsngiHuvcnglmtnhvits,thNguynHuBilngimvuaDuyTnkhngamy,nhtllcngNguyn
HuBichoottmvngtrongini.Vuahi:
ininythucvairathy?
Tu:caVua.
Vyticboou?
Tu:vkhotathiutinvngiPhpangnhnhauvic.
NcPhpbxmlngchnctakhngbxmlngsao?
NguynHuBivngubiphc.Songvtnhth,uChacngkhnglmsaongncviclmcangiPhp.
tcmanivuaangvvuacnsng,mngNguynHuBidmchoolntmvngdngchoTy,thcu"yvuakhngKh,o
mkhngBi"ccnnghalcutruyntng"vinhdanh"chongNguynHuBinahaykhng?!
nhngnhShccthmtiliunghincuvtilmtaysaichothcdnPhpvchoHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpcangNguynHu
BivchaconngNgnhKh,tixinnghquvcthmcctcphmkhcnh"HChMinhConNgivHuynThoi"caChnho,
nh"HongTVnhSang"caVNgChiu,nh"VitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh"caChnhodonhxutbnVnHa(Houston,Texas,Hoa
K)phthnh.
Trongkhochtrtrunghatriunhny,vuaBoingtrngdnghainhnvtnitinglhaingNgnhDimvPhmQunh.ng
NgnhDimlmtvTunV32tuicamttnhnh(BnhThun),cVHinNguynHuBitincgichcThngthBLiutriu.
VngPhmQunhlmthcgichnhimboNamPhong,nhngngthicnglbnthncaMarty(GimcsChnhtrcaPhTon
quyn),ccgichcThngthBGiodckimNgtinvnphngcaHong.KhichpnhnhaivThngthny,rrngtrongs
107/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
quyn),ccgichcThngthBGiodckimNgtinvnphngcaHong.KhichpnhnhaivThngthny,rrngtrongs
chnlachnhtrcavuaBoi,yut"tr"khngphilyutquytnhnhtmchnhvvimtNgnhDimtrungqun,rngminh
Nguynsvngvngkhnglohuha,vvimtPhmQunhthnPhp,tngquanPhpVitsddnghncththchinnhngcit
cnthit.HaivithnsbtcchonhaugipchovuaBoivnhnhtriunhAnNamcththchinnhngcicchxhim
ngiPhphahnving.
Nhngbaonhiulihahncathcdnunhncchyquacu,dnbtrvnldnbtr,vuabnhnvnlvuabnhn.VuaBoibtlc
btayitbtmnnchnnn,ThngthNgnhDimxintquan,victriuchnhnmtrongtayngPhmQunhvngiPhp.Do,
trongthigianlmvua,ngBoichcnbitsnbnvththao,thngsngninQungTr,BchM,Lthnlgiammnhtrong
bnbctngthnhnicungvicmcruphong.Tkhichpchnhchonngy9thng3nm1945(ngyNhtBnochnh),ngcgim
thiucngtcngttmirngbucviPhptrongnhngchnhschthtnhntm.Cngviccangchlcngvictl,nhlNamGiao,cng
kcctinvng,banphtscbnghuychngchohngquanli,cnmiviccaitrnggithmtuitaiic.ThndnchbitngBoil
mtvvuabnhnmcaihiunitmsthmkncangu.
ngBoilmvuabnhnnhngnunhngaitngsngngthiving,chukhquanstcnhngcangtauphinhnrngnuta
voavcangthcngkhthlmgckhchn.VuaBoihontonbbaovykmkp,nhtcnhtngcangtaubthcdn
theodikimsotgtgao.HtquanhungiPhpbncnh,hlpchongmtilnhkhvng(NgLmQun)doviniyBondtrctip
chhuy,ngngaytrongHongthnhcanhchngnhnghnhngchngicanhvua.HtccvThngthtonltaychnthntnca
hngncnvuamuthchinnhngcuccicch,haynhngmmunilonnhccvuatintriu.ThmngiPhpvnchava
lng,hcntnhngvincvnngiPhpgilHilbncnhccvThngthkimsotccvny,vtriunhAnNamthihnhcho
ngnhngchthdoTonQuynvKhmSbanb.
Vakhngkhnngviukinnhntmcngnhiukinhotngphtkhimtcucutranh,vaphikhnkhohagiinhngp
lcchnhtrcthlmspvnhvintriuinhNguyn,vuaBoichcnhaichnla:hoclmmtvvuataysaimangtivilchs,hoc
lmmtvvuabnhnbtlcchohuthchci.Vngchnla.Huthchcthchcimkhngthktngtibnnchaytaysai.
HynhnvocuchnnhncangBoithychnhschcaitrthmcvchtchcathcdn,nhnthynhngkhochngdiv
nhngtoanliuklngcascuktgiachnhquynthcdnPhpvHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhp.
TrongnhngnmcuicngcaBoiPhpvolctuitrngthnh,hchomtnsinhtnlMarieThrseNguynThLan,conmtnh
phhtheoCnggiolngNguynHuHoNamK,iPhpduhc.TtnhincMarieThrsephilmttiuthdkhnghontonsc
nchngtrithvncccipkiudimicccthlmrungngtritimcamtnhvuatrangntuirorctnhyuila.
TrongthikngBoicnbnhchnh,hchachoitraitigiscgpnhau,minkhingxungtuvncchnhthccmutriu
nh,nkhingthymnhtrngthnhvctrchnhimviqucdnthhmitchcchoMarieThrseNguynThLangpngBoi.
BanuhchocLanlnlagnngmikhingngmtmnhtrnboongtunhnngmsngnctrngdng.Chonkhihaingivt
khigiaionkhchsosgiaothhbtutchcchoiuynngkhngkhtnhauhntrongnhngbuidhitrnchuyntuxuyni
dngbttn.
ChtinghipchobTCungThiHu,vtronglcconmnhnitkhchqungithblonghntnglaicadngh,nghnvic
tmbntrmnmchocon.TiHu,Bchodxtthnth,phmhnh,scpcabaonhiutiuthkhucc,connhngvithnBc
thlachnmtnngduchoHongtc,mtHongHutnglaichoncAnNam.Bchncmtnsinhconmtviquancscp
nghingncnghingthnhmbmcatiuthcngsngmoPhtnhB.(TiuthnysaulychnghPhm,giostrngQuc
hcHu).Bchiconmnhnggihiloanchnhthciukhinvicncllmlthnhhnchoila.CucicaBxutthntnidn
108/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hcHu).Bchiconmnhnggihiloanchnhthciukhinvicncllmlthnhhnchoila.CucicaBxutthntnidn
gi,phccchangyaBctincunglmHongHunnBchchichothnhngiiccchnvicung,ctraudichnhcho
thnhngivhindutho.Nhngchngmaychngmtsm,BlichcmtmncontrainnBthitthamongchocontrngthnhni
nghipvuachavniditngng.Vth,iviB,victmkimmtnngduchnhmibliuquantrngthityunht.Quantrngv
khngphichthngconmcnvdanhdtriuinhNguynna.
BkhngngrngtronglcBangsngnhnggiyphtrnrngcabtkmtngimnoanglochuyntrmnmchoconthngiPhp,
trongnhngvnphngcaccthlcgioquynvthquyn,cngmthmthchinmmuvtquynhnvgitgicmcaBciv
chovuaBoidavonhngtiuchunchnhtrcachnhschbohludi.
VuaBoivnccmtthigian,victriuchnhtmynthvchngngCharles,ngigimh,btulochuynthnhhnchong.Vo
khongcuinm1933,ngbCharlesrvuaBoiiLt,tikhchsnLangBianghuyhongtrngl,bCharlesdntiuthMarieThrse
chnhthcgiithiuvinhvuatrtuitrcschngkincaquanTonquynPierrePasquier.Ttnhinkhicphphpcachatthcdn
tingDngthcuchnnhnchnhtrgiavuaBoivcNguynThLannhtnhphithnh.Nphithnhtrnniaukhcayngca
BTCung,canhngvithntrongTnNhnPhvcacHonggia.llnutintronglchsncnh,triunhVitNamcmtv
HongHutheoCnggioLaMquassptcaccthlcphngTy.Sau400nm,cngtctruyngiotncaoimbngscmt
camtntntrongchnthmcungcatriunhVitNam.VcMarieThrsetnaycmangdanhhiulNamPhngHongHu.
LchsqucthcdnPhpchothyrngHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhplunlunchtrngCnggiohaVitNam,khngchlivi
ngiVitNamthuchngdndmchyulhngngiVitNamthucngcpcaonhtcatriunh.ThiNguynnh,PigneaudeBhaine
khuyndcHongTCnh,naynthivuaBoihtmthonghungiCnggiothttnhintrongtnglaivvuakvngBo
icngslmtngvuacratitlcmisinhratbicho"lafilleainedelEgliseenExtrmeOrient"(TrngncuGiohitiVin
ng)
ChngthmvidintaThnhngDng,cKhmMngDrapier,tnvinhcuchnnhnBoiNguynThLantrongcunLchs
oThinChaVitNam.Trongbitacunsch,saukhicangisbnhtrngcaoCnggioLaMtrnmnhtthucamum,
cKhmMngDrapierhunhhoangvit:
"VickracngitheomtthtvilchsthtcvisngcaCnggiolnviisngxhiVitNamtbntrmnmnay.Trong
khongthigiany,chaiviccchnhauhngtrmnmtrngCnggiobaogicng"trungthnhviqucVitNam"(sic).Viccgim
mcDAdrangipnhNguynvviccBoiphong(?)lnngiHongHumtthiundngdivngmnCnggiohiuchintranh15.
TuynhinylmtcuchnnhndgiotrivigiolutthibyginhngtisaoBoivncicNguynThLan.Thrathcdnc
khochsn.Theocun"VitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh"caChnho(tr.36,37)th:
Nm1934:LyNguynHuThLan,congimtiinchminNam.VThLancoKit,gynhiutrngi.NgnhThccclcchngi
vtheongphooKit,Boiphi"rati"rimicthnhhn.Sau,Phpdnxpchomtgiosngoiqucbmtlmlcitheo
phpo.NhthBoitrthnhvuaKitutintronglchsVitNam.
Cngtrongcunschny,cKhmMnglitrchmcnhngphnkhngcangiVitNammidinlgiisphunhos:"Npmnhsaubc
thnhchNho,ccnhcuhckhngthnhncTinLnhCuTh.Ccnhtnhcchunhhngmtnngiohathtcctnhkhng
109/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
munbitnolGiaT".16
LcnulnhaiskinlchscathiGiaLongvthiBoi,cngnhlcchbaigiisphuVN,cKhmMngDrapiermunchngtmt
cchcngkhairngqutrnhphttrincaCnggiotiVitNamlunlungnlinvigiaicptriunhqutcmccaonht,vcc"Th"
ln"Lc"mnhnhttrntncVitNamnymthhinrrngnht(caslintcny)lThngthutriuNguynHuBikhitchc
c(vcchpthun)mtvkhcthmnh,ngNgnhDim,mchaingi,ccngnhmi,ucnhnglinhchtchtrnchai
mtctinlnstunphcviHiTruynGioHiNgoi.
Nichong,tkhigpcMarieThrsetrnchuyntuhihngchontnkhilpthnhHongHu,ngBoikhngcmthybpbucv
tnhyuilahnphicsngthuncachaibn.Tuynhin,imngnhnmnhyltnhyuctcthnhtrongmtthon
chnhtrvthnssngsutcamtngithanhninangngplntrongtnhyu,nhLBchngyxangyngtnhyxungncmtrng
mkhngbitmnhsvithndidngsnglnh.
TrnghphnnhncavuaBoivcMarieThrsechlmttrongrtnhiuhnhthikimsot,vndng,khaithcmtvvuacaccth
lcthquynvgioquynPhp.TimunnulntrnghplchngminhrngngBoidcmuncngkhngthlmghnc,
dclcngmuncnhngcicch,nhngvnngcutriuinhNguynvcuchnhncVitNamcang.Trinitrongmthon
cnhnhth,sbtlcchnhtrbinsbtmnthnhramtschnnntmlvsinhl.ngchcnbitmnnhngthththaokhuy
khachophhpvithiquenphngkhongcacucsngParismngbiukinhatngyngduhcPhp.
Nm1945,saukhictipxcnhiulnvivuaBoi,hcgiTrnTrngKimcnhnxt:"VuaBoithngminh,amhiutnhhnh.Trong
thiBohcancPhp,hnhnhNgichnnnkhnglmgc,chsnbnvtpththao.Ngicvtrangnghimvninhngiurtng
n"17.HcgiTrnTrngKimquthtmtngtmscamtconngibtcdphilmvuabnhn,lmmtvvuakhngnilon
cvbkmkp,khnglmtaysaicvlngyuncnngnn,vnhtlkhngtxthnmngcvtrchnhimduytrdngdinh
Nguyn.
KhiNhtochnhPhpngy9thng3nm1945,ngBoibitlidngvnhimikhctdvngauthng,ngtuynbc
LpchoVitNam,xbmihipclinhvincPhp,chmdtnnhgntrnthk.Clscngichorngsngnvscmnh
caquniNhtBngipchongBoiclngyunc.Nithquthttinghipchongtabivngy16thng8nm1945,khiNht
BnsasonuhngngMinhvncPhpcaDeGaulleangsasonbtichimVitNam,ngvnccanmvsngsutgi
thngipchoTngthngTrumannhTngthngMgiliphnkhngnTngthngDeGaulle:
HongBoi
GiTngThngTruman
ctinChtchChnhphLmthiPhpsytkinCchgiiquyttnhthtnglaicangDng,QunhnxintinCchbitrngcc
ncngDngtuynbclpvququytgivngnnclpy.
RingvphndntcVitNam,chngtikhngcoikiudnPhplkth,litrngnhnmngvtisncah,nhngchngtiscclcphn
khngvicncPhplplinnthngtrcahtrntncVitNambtctheomtchno.
Chnhschthcdnnaykhnghpthina!MtdntcVitNamcbnngnnmlchsvmtdvngvvangkhngthchudiquyn
110/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Chnhschthcdnnaykhnghpthina!MtdntcVitNamcbnngnnmlchsvmtdvngvvangkhngthchudiquyn
mtdntckhc.
NcPhpnnciutheolcngbngy,mMquclmtnchohiptngcngkhaituynbvboviu.
NcPhpphivuilngthanhnchnltrnhkhitaivvchochintranhngxyratrntncchngti.Trongcucchintranh
vaktliu,dntcchngtituykhngthamchinmcngchubaonhiunikh,nnchngtichmongthamdvomtcuckinthitmi:
kinthitmtnnhabnhvicngltrntonthgii.
QunhnnhCchchuyntthnysangquchnhphcahaincAnhQucvTrungHoa.
Boi
ngthivibcthngipgichoTngThngTruman,vuaBoicnggichotngDeGaullemtbcthvililhtscnhnhnm
cngvcngcngrn.ngbochotngDeGaullebitlnuncPhpvnquyttilpnnthucatrntncVitNamth"dntcVit
Namkhngmunvcngkhngthchungmtcuchnona,milngslmtkhngchin,mingicngsccaPhpslmt
kth"18
NhnglituynbnngnntnhyuncvsbytthiquytlitiviPhpkhiquniPhpspsatixmchimVitNam,niln
quyttmcavuaBoinhtnhkhctqukh,dqukhycanbngnhngsidylinhgiangvncPhp.
NhngchngmaychovnnccnphichucnhnganghingnntondnlihngvcuckhngchincaVitMinh,vthmvongBo
ilikhngthamquyncv,khngluynticinngcngaivng,vuivtbngibutrnhchoqucdnmtcuchuynhtngtn.ng
tuynb:
HnhphccadnVitNam,
clpcancVitNam,
Muntcmcchy,Trmtuynbhysinhttcmiphngdinvcngvphngdiny,TrmmunshysinhcaTrmphibch
chotquc.
tronggiphtnghimtrngny,onktlsng,chiarlcht.
chonnmcduTrmhtscbingichonilmvua20nm,migngidncmythng,chalmcchligchoqucdnnhlng
Trmmongmun,Trmcngququytthoivnhngquyniukhinqucgiachomtchnhphdnchcngha.
cnvphnTrm,sau20nmngaivngbngcbitbaongmngnutcay,tnayTrmlylmvuiclmdnTDocamtncc
Lp,chTrmnhtquytkhngailidngdanhnghacaTrmhaycaHonggiamlunglcqucdnna
(trchmtontrongchiuthoivcavuaBoinhndptraobokim,ngctchongTrnHuyLiu,idinVitMinhtiluNgMnngy25
thng9nm1945)
111/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thng9nm1945)
ChnhtmlnghysinhcaoccavuaBoi,hysinhquynuytithng,hysinhbngcngaivng,hysinhcsnghipmytrmnmtrica
vuachanhNguynmlcbygivothiimqunPhpanglmletichimVitNam,qucdnqunhtcidvng20nmtrilmvua
bnhncavuaBoichthyningmtcngdnVnhThyylngyunc.
Nm1946,khiCuHongangthongdongviisngtdocamtcngdnthngHChMinh,vgpnhiukhkhnchngi,nnmun
nhngquynlichongnghngchunhnghuquenticatnhth.TuynhinngBoikhngthamquynthamdanhbmc
mu.ngkchuynnychongPhmVnBnhnghekhingBnhngpngmtbitthtingTrnHngo,HNi.(Lcbygi,ng
BnhanglcngsvincangNguynTngTamvanghotngchophongtroNgX,mtphongtrochngCngdobcsPhanQuang
ncmu).
CuHongmmciboti:
Tinhnhnnhngcngquyttchi.CHkhnngoanqumc.MtlCthlngticnhamchnhquynkhng,hailCmuntrtln
utinhngskhkhnhinti.
Cthysinhvin,thanhninvdnchngbiutnhiVitMinhtrlichnhquynchoti.ClmnhCdnchttbc.Cbitniccnocng
khngquanimtVitMinh,vmtkhiniccVnhThykhnglmcgchoqucdnngbo,thsinhvin,thanhninangnghtischn
nnvkhngcntnnhimtina.
Tithoivchngtdocamtngicngdn,chngltithammtchcThtnglmbnhnchoCHhaysao?19
VaitrCngSnquctcangHChMinhlnlnhinrnnlidngchuyniTrngKhnh,khitrv,vuaBoililunHngKng.
Sau,theolikugicangiQucgia,ngngrathngthuytviidincaPhp,ngBollaert,CaoycaPhptingDng.
Kvgiaionny,ngonThm,mtnhvnniting,mtcunglVnphngcaBPhTngThngVitNamCngHa,vit:
Ngy1551947vngy1091947tiHng,ngBallaertcdinvnhahnthanhntrnnguyntcsclptrongLinHipPhp.Ycng
bitrngnhngnhnvtcmirahptcumctingbmuachucnnkhngcngh,nnykugittconthccgianhtinhthn
(famillespirituelle).
Khnni,ccgianhylichiar,lcc,hocchacdpxumhptmnglichung.Nunichuynvitngnhthchthynhngthnh
kin,nhngnimcchp,nhngquynlitngphn.Vyphitmmtnhnvtnosnuytn,ctonqucbittntui,ngtrnccng
philinlc,quytccphenhmaphngrichnhthcmthoiviPhp.Ttnhinngiliphicthinha,cdvngngtin
cy,thclngthanhnchoPhpnhngquynliquantrngmPhpphihuyngtonlcduytr.
cciukinythaicngthychcCuHongBoiTiVitNam,boThiScanhmNghimXunThin,TrnTrungDungHNi
lmttrongnhngtboutinarakinthnhCuHongvnclnhoqucgiavchngCng.Rinhiucucbiutnhkhln
tipdinnhHungy1281947,HNingy191947,vcSiGnnghvyucuCuHongngracuvnthicuc
Trcsnghnngnhitcaqucdnvcamigiinhns,Boimilntingviphngvinngoiquc:"Nuquthtqucdncntn
112/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trcsnghnngnhitcaqucdnvcamigiinhns,Boimilntingviphngvinngoiquc:"Nuquthtqucdncntn
nhimthngsnsngmphnviPhp".K,ngnhnlimicaBollaerttigpCaoytivnhHLong(61247)traoikinrilitrv
HngCng
Saumtthigiantrgi,cucthngthuytngy5thng6nm1948inmtthathun:"BollaertnhndanhchnhphPhplongtrngtuynb
thanhnVitNamclptrongLinHipPhp".CuHongxcnhnchnhthchaviciunhviPhptrncnbnvchnhphtrung
nglmthicatngNguynVnXunrai20.
McduxcnhnchnhthcngrathngthuytviPhp,nhngvuaBoicngtbitnhngnhcimvuimcamnhchonn
ngtrartkhnngoancntrngtrongvicutranhchotnc.ngbitngiPhpcnngtalmngiithoi,nhngngcngbit
ngiPhpsnsngphnbiquayvthahipvilclngcangHChMinh.ngbitchngCngSnliutiquantrngcaphequc
gia,nhngngcngbitphilmthnothamnnguyntithiucaqucdn,chonnsauthacvnhHLong,ngtiptcroritu
tranhviPhpmtcchcanm(bravely)vkhnkho(skillfully)tocithngvngchcchongvchophequcgiachngCngsauny
nhButtingernir21.
DchnhphNguynVnXunrai(27548),vuaBoivnchachuvncmtiptckinnhnutranhtchobngchaimc
tiu:thnhtlthngnhtbakmcbitlstnhpNamKvocngngqucgia(liukinmlclnghuphicaPhpv"nhmly
khaiNamKquc"vnngoancchngi),vvicthhailncPhpphichnhthcthanhnnnthngnhtvclpcaVitNam.ngi
Phpvquabaonhiuvnngkhkhn,cuicng,mthipcchnhthcrai(kktngy831949)giangvTngthngPhpVincent
Auriol.Dvy,ngvnchichovicthngnhtbakthtshonthnhringy13649ngmichutrvncvchnhthcgichcquc
trng.
KhchquannhnlikhungcnhphctpcalchslcbygivihailclnguthnhtangtranhginhquynlmchncVitNammmt
bnlbmyvinchinhPhpcbinhhngtngmnh,cmttpontaysaibnxtrungthnh,cmtmuquctolnymtrvmtbn,
lclngkhngchinVitNamcngCngSnlnho,ciasqunchngsnlnghysinh,cthlcCngSnquctlmhuphng
lnth,trongcithgngkmnghitng,nukhngcvuaBoivithctrchnhim(dchathtstonvn),vikhnngngoigiao
(dchathtskhnkho)utranhvicPhplnVitMinhtomtthngchophequcgia,khaisinhlcvngbasc,thth
hisphnnhngngichngCngsivu?VobngthbCngSnvndng,dinhTthtrthnhVitgian,nhmmtbttailmkui
icthmangtihnnhtvilchstrongkhiVitMinhginhlymtchnhnghadntc,trongkhithcdnPhpangginhcquynchng
CngthchinchtrngtixmlngcaDeGaullenhlituynbcangtatrongbidinvnctiBrazzaville(Congo)nm1944.Cho
nnlcchngCngcavuaBoiphtln,chonnchnhquynVitNam(qucgia)mvuaBoilbiutng,nuchthcsphnnh
ngnmchaycnguynvvthcacclclngthtnht,tronggiaion,cngtnnmngvcngphnnhbin
cngchoshindincamtlclng"CngchngPhp"m,tnhttrnmtquct,ccccngqucvtathnhLaMVatican
cngnhn.
NuchorngkhngcngBoithcngscmtnhnvtkhcthotthaitlclngnyinvochtrngcalchs,thxinhinhn
vtlai?NhngchnhkhchthnPhp?Nhngchnhtrgiatrong"gianhtinhthn"ckhiThinChagioquctcngnhn?ng
onThmtrlirinhngyticngxinlitkthmmtsnhnvtmlptrngvtthcnhiutrinvngxemhcngcvai
trlchskhng?
lcclnhtcchmng,cclnhtngphilnltbsaliVitMinhhaybtlitchnhtr,khngcnmtphngthnotonimt
chlc,mthuthunnguvingHChMinhhocviPhp,hocvichai.CNguynHiThn,lnhtVitCch,ccngVHng
113/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chlc,mthuthunnguvingHChMinhhocviPhp,hocvichai.CNguynHiThn,lnhtVitCch,ccngVHng
Khanh,NguynTngTam,lnhtVitQuc,ubsangTukhikhngchngniVitMinhdcqunLHnymtr.LnhtiVitTrng
TAnhbVitMinhsthingaytiHNinm1946,lnhtDuyDnLngAcmqunkhngCngmtthigianngnrimttchlunvng
HaBnhBcVit.LnhtTQucT,ngTThuThu,bVitMinhmmusptchodnqunQungNgigittrnngvoNam.c
ThyHunhPhScalclngHaHotngtthinchhptcviVitMinhcngblavbgittrongchinkhuNamBnm1947.Lnht
Caoi,ngNguynVnSm,thbVitMinhgitngaykhihvacpchnhquynnm1945.CncHPhpPhmCngTc,giochCao
i,thbPhpyraoComorest1940,micthvnm1946vvnbPhpcanhchng.Nhngtrthcnhnscthlmlnhthng
nhthhoclchytheoVitMinhhoclgithitrmchn,cuan,chthi.NgaynhngNgnhNhucthmuviCngSnmcng
chtmngtrnvThanhHariquaLocuicngvsngannhnLt,vlmmtchnhkhchxalngithi.ngNgnhDim,
lnhtcapheCnggio,lngictntuithmsaukhicngHChMinhtrtdo,dcmithkhngitrichungvingHChMinh
vVitMinh,cngchbitvsngtiSiGn,Lt,trongvngPhpchimngchoncuinm1947miqualiHngKngytkinCu
HongmongchngCngbnggiiphpBoi.TheogiosButtinger,thchnhngNgnhDimlnutinngchungtrnmtmttrn
dongLVnHochthnhlpvonm1947,gmnhiunhnvtCaoi,HaHo,VitQuc,iVit,CnggiovmtsngiPhtgio
nghvuaBoi.ButtingerlicnchobitrngtrckhiCuHongBoithnhcngtrongvicxydngnhngcsphplvcciukin
chnhtrthunlichomtncVitNamquathacVnhHLongvothng5nm1948,ngphingNgnhDimvSiGnngy30
thng3nm1948thngthuyttrcviPhpmngDimkhnghonthnhnicngtcny.
NgoicclnhttrnycnphiknbcsPhanQuangnvcGimmcLHuT.
Trong nhng nm i (trc v sau nm t Du), bc s n cm u phong tro kht thc cu gip ng bo. Sau khi Vit Minh cp chnh
quyn,ngdmngangnhinthnhlpPhongTroNgXgnhTrcBchHNichnglilclngvtrangVitMinh.PhongTroNgX
khngtheoPhp,khngdavoquniTrungHoa,chlmtphongtronhndnchngCng.TboThitThccaPhongTrogyphn
khichonhiungiqucgia,phbinvotnminTrung.KhicucchingiaVitMinhvPhpxyravothngChpnm1946thPhong
Tromitanr.
CnGimmcLHuT,lculmCvnTngiochongHChMinhnhngsauvitthlunlulnnVitMinhlCngSn,rigi
vngPhtDimtrongthttrchonngyQuctrngBoivnccmquynnm1949,ngmixinstnhpvngPhtDimvocng
ngqucgiavtritnghQuctrng.
Nutntuivtrnghpttccclnhtra,nhtltrnghpngNgnhDim,ngisaunytrutphvuaBoi,lchngminhrng
ngBoiquthtlmtconc,nhnglmtconccnthitcnhtchogiaion19481954khngaithaythc.Chticrngconc
khngclclngqucgiasdngmtcchkhnkho.NukhngmunnirngngBoilvcutinhchophequcgiatronggiaion
vbicnhtnclcbygithtnhtngcngccnglmkltngchongiqucgiactngtiptccuchnhtrnhchng
Cngsau1954.VuaBoingngvaitrcnthitvbihngcangtrongmtgiaionlchskhkhnnvy.
McdmangtinglngithnPhp,nhngtrongthigianlmQuctrng,ngvntrphongcchvthimtlnhtqucgia.ngtrng
dngnhngphntcchmng,ccnhnscthnhtchyunc,ccnhntitrthc,ngkhngphnbitchiarngphi,khngkthtngio.
Gianhcangkhngmangtingthamnhngkhngkhipnhccchsaung.ngtrtthmtvQuctrngcamtqucgiac
lp,lmchochnhtngDeLattreDeTassignyvalCaoyvalTngTlnhquniPhp,tuyhtscbtmnnhngvnknhtrng.
Saunmnmlnhoqucgia,ngBoixydngcnhngg?TheongonThmthchBoilinhiuthnhqu,nhiu
nhchmgitrvncncccchsaumcnhinthanhn,nghalthahng,vduytrnh:
114/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
T1949,saukhicmtskhngcngquccngnhn,VitNammibcchnrachnhtrngngoigiaovtuychathvoLinHip
QucvsngntrcaNgaS,nhngcngcgianhpvo35cquanquct.
HoaKtphibvintrqunstngy6350vkhipctngtrviVitNamngy791951,ngthivintrkinhtvcutrcho
VitNam.
Quniqucgiacthnhlpvphttrinmaul:T5tiuon(1950)ln26tiuon(1951)vvonm1953gm167.000binhsvi3.500
phlcqun.CccpchhuycototicctrngVBLinQunLt,khaigingngy5111950,trngCaongVBthnhlpngy
2561950,trngQunYngy781950,trngKhngQunngy2461951,vHiQunngy111952.Cctchckhccngcthnhlp
nhTanQunS,BTngThammu,nhiulutlqunscngcbanhnhnh:Quychquni,chqundch,ththcstnhpcc
lclnggiophivoquniqucgia(1041954).
TchcTPhpvcctan.
Hnhchnhaphng.
Giodc,Vnha:TrngihcVnKhoa,SBoTnCTch,trngCaongSPhm,VnHaNguytSan.
Kinht,xhi:BLutLaong,BLutCiCchina.
Cctchcchuynmn:VinThngK,VitNamThngTnX,QucgiaKincCcvVsKinThitQucGia,SDuLchQucGia,Cng
tyHngKhngVitNam,trngtuinLcCuc,trngQucGiaHnhChnh.
QuychNghipon,ChBovquynphtminhvsngchcngngh,chPhimnhvQuayphim.
CcthitbvQuychquantrng:BoQucHunChng,AnhDngBiTinh,ngyPhNVitNam,QuyChCngChcQucGia,QuyCh
ccHipHi,QuyChThThao,ThanhNin,QuyChHngHi,ChThunhvquynluc.BLutthuTrcthuvGinthu.
ngonThmchorngngitavtnhhayhuthiphngnhngkhuytim,nhngthtbicangBoimtcchqung,mt
cucivsnghipcangBoimtcchllngmkhngnghnhoncnhkhkhncatncdithingBoi,sovihoncnh
ddnghncathingNgnhDim.ThmchngitaddnggnchoBoiltrylcdm,tronglcBoilyvhuchln
ntrnghachomtnginbtnggipngtrongkhingangbnbaHngKng.
TheongonThm,ngitachtrchvuaBoimqunicnglaotolncangta.Trcht,nukhngcvuaBoithngiQucgia
chachccnhindintrongcuctranhchpPhpCng,lina,tronglcu,tuyngchginhcmtnnclptrongLinHipPhp,
nhngtrckhiVitNambchiaibihipcGenve,ngcngquytichoVitNamchontonclpvbnhngvincPhp
quahaiHipcclp(TraitdIndpendence)vHipcLinkt(TraitdAssociation).NhhaihipcmngNgnhDimthahng
chquyntrnvntrnmtnatncsauny.
Nitmli,sau8nmutranhv5nmlnho,vuaBoitodngchophequcgia,phechngCngbathnhqucbntoln:(1)Mt
qucgiavithnghpphp,(2)Mtnnclpvthngnhttonvn,(3)Nhiucsvngoigiao,hnhchnh,kthut,vnhalmnn
tngcnthitchosinhhotqucgia.
115/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tngcnthitchosinhhotqucgia.
SosnhhaingBoivNgnhDim,ngonThmsaukhinivcngticavuaBoi,chtrchngDimnhiuiumiuquan
trngnhtlthiuocvtitrlmmtnhlnho.
Phphnnhngnhlnholmtviclmhtsctnhmnunhmlnthhuquskhngnhngnguyhimchomnhmcnchohuth
na.Munttmlngvtvtinhthnkhchquancamnh,saukhinulnnhngskinlchs,nhngdnchngrrng,ngonThm
aranhngphntrntrnhngnhn:"Songivikemtmthnhmtmhiuvicnc,thitngh"bnhtnhnhnxt"liukinutin
tignstht.Nntilnglkimimmtmnhcngcuccang(Boi)vcamtlpngi,tsoisngchoti.Vivibtc
nhnvtno,chnhthno,tikhngmunnghcvtnglm,hocnicvkhngbitr"22.
ngonThmlmtnhhnhchnhkinhnghimvcthcti,mtcngchccaocptnglmvicvinhiuchtthiPhpthuc,qua
chQuctrngBoi,nchTngthngNgnhDim.ngkhngthucmtngphinomchlmtcngchctntmvklut,
limchnhvcngtrc,ngtrnnhngmuthunphephighinhnccbinclchs.Nhngquantrnghnc,ngcnglmtnghsa
ti,cvnlnthlnhiha,vnlnhngchtliuhuncnnmttmhnlunluninghchvicigxuxa,btthin.Tikhngquenbit
nhiungonThmnhngvnctnhiuhiubitvngBoi,vngNgnhDimvtngsngvlmvicdichaich,nnti
nhnthytcphm"NhngNgyChaQun"sgipchrtnhiuchonhngaimunbitvgiaionlchs30nmVitNamchintranhQuc
Cng, vit bi mt ngi quc gia mang nhiu tm t c tm hiu lch s. ng khng c tnh bp mo lch s nh ng Cao Th Dung hay b
MargueritteHiggins,ngkhnglidngvithikxuyntcvbilngikhcnhLinhmcCaoVnLun,ngNhLang,ngNguynVn
Chc,ngNguynTrn
tmttlitrnghpcangBoi,vvuacuicngcatriuNguyn,cachqunchtiVitNam,thktlctcv(1932)chon
nmbtrutph(1955)l24nmchutrchnhimtrcqucdnvtrclchs,ngBoiquthtmangyvcdngcamtvnguyn
th quc gia vo lc mt vn, ngha l c y khuyt im ca mt v lnh o khng c thc quyn v khng c thc ti hon chuyn nh
mnh.Nhngngcngcynhngcnglaocamtnhnvtlchstronggiaiongiaothi,lxydngcschogiaionktipchkhng
pnhngnnmngcbngyxotrnchokthak.
KhicngdnVnhThyngdy,ngchngtclngyuncvthctrchnhimivicngngdntcvtintquc.Khitr
thnhkthtbi(dlthtbitrciththcdnPhphaycuthnNgnhDim)ngvngicciphongthilnhotrongcchhnh
xchngchccngnhtrongthiquntannhn.Giaionnothcnhnvt,chkhenvuaBoimkhngbitnticanghaych
chmkhngbitncngcangthquthcbtcng.Tikhngckhnngvcngkhngcnhphphnng,nhngchngquavmun
btchcngixa,nithngnhngiumnhbitnggpvosthtchonhngngilmcngvicvitssaunymthi.
Vthtra,clchnhngBoicngkhngmngnhngliphphnkhimhoncnhcangcngnhcatnclnhngthmtrng
ttcngcasaukh.
o0o
SongsongvinhnvtBoitrongthigianlnhnvtNgnhDim,ngittcchlmtthntcanhMtNguyn,vithithvn
lc,inhnhngquytlitnhtcamilinhvuatibngcchtrutphvHongcamnh.
DnghNgnhvnqulngXunDc,phQungNinh,tnhQungBnhvtheooCnggioLaMtthkth17.Tronggiaionqun
116/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
DnghNgnhvnqulngXunDc,phQungNinh,tnhQungBnhvtheooCnggioLaMtthkth17.Tronggiaionqun
PhpnhchimTrungKvBcK(khong1870),khiphongtroVnThnnilnchngPhpcuncvphtngchindchchngoth
dnghNgnhphiblngXunDcphQungNinhmdicvlngiPhongthuchuynLThycacngtnhQungBnh,nicnhiu
lngCnggiohntiQungNinh.
TheonhngbloQungBnhthnitcangDimthucvohngbndnkhnkh.KgiRobertShaplenxcnhrrnghnrngnit
cangDimsinhsngbngnghchili 23,chonithnphcangDimlngNgnhKh,nhqunPhpnhchimvbnhnh
ctnhQungBnh,nnlinhcviccvCocccgioschoihcchHnvchPhptimttrngdngPenang(MLai).
TrongmduhcsinhnycncngNguynHuBi,ngiCnggioquQungTr,mtnhnvtthonvccngmtcnhngthubn
hnnhcNgnhKh.
HaingKhvBisaukhihcxong,cngiPhpavncvcholmthngdchvintaKhmsHu.ThibygisngiVitniv
vitctingPhpcnrthimhoi,nhtlTrungK,hainglicHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpcbitnngnncccvin
chccaitrPhptrngdngvctriunhAnNamphongchctcvphmhmrtmau.
Nm1885,khiphongtroCnVngQungBnhnilnphvuaHmNghichngPhp,ngNgnhKhcqunPhpvtriunhAnNam
cgichcAnPhSvtnhnhlovicbnhnhvchiuandiquyniukhincaitPhpDuvilllier,yvinchnhphvngBcxTrung
K(CommissaireduGouvernementpourleNordAnnam)24.
ngThiVnKimchuynnghincuvphongthminTrungthucnhNguyn,nm1945,lcangQungBnh,thuthpcmttboco
vittaycangNgnhKhgichocngsPhpQungBnhtrnhbyktqucacucbnhnhtnhny.Nm1956,nhnlmvictiNhaVn
haBGiodc,ngvodinhcLptngtbocochoTngThngNgnhDim.Nhnthybttchcathnph,ngDimmnglm,ng
likhenngivcmn,ngDimcnnithm:"TrongvicbnhnhtnhQungBnh,thytikhngdngnqunsmchemtheogolnni
chiudnhngkchngivvichnhph".DbnhnhbngvlchaybngchiudthhnhngcangNgnhKhcngllmtaysai
choPhptrongvicnpPhongTroKhngChinchngthcdnxmlngcadntc.
Thtth,ngNgnhKhkhngphilmtaysaihngthngmlthtaysaicaocpcaThcdn.ngNgnhKhtnglmbtngcho
i Vit gian Nguyn Thn cm qun nh ph chin khu Phan nh Phng. Nm 1944, Gim mc Ng nh Thc cng vit th cho Ton quyn
DecouxklcnglaocachavcngginhanhhngPhannhPhnglgic.(XemthNgnhThcgichoTonquynDecouxphnPh
Lc).QuthtticcangNgnhKhiviDnTckhngbtnotht.
Nm 1888, vua ng Khnh bng h sau ba nm tr v ngn ngi, ngi Php thnh lp Lin Bang ng Dng (gm bn n v hnh chnh:
Cochinchine,Annam,Tonkin,vCambodge.VngqucLocstnhpsauvonm1893)thngnhtccccuhnhchnh,ngthi
plcvitriunhAnNamlpconcangDcclBuLnlnlmvua,hiulThnhThi.
VuaThnhThilnngikhimi10tuinntriunhchaivithnlNguynTrngHpvTrngQuangnglmPhChnh.RingcNg
nhKh,nhccngdpccccucnilonchngPhptnhQungBnhvHTnh,nhclinhchtchviccgiichcPhpcbn
chnhquynlnbnHiTruynGio,nnccvochcTngQunCmThnh(SuperintendentduPalais)cllLuKinhiThnvcnh
hngvivuaThnhThi,ngthingiPhpcngvnngcNguynHuBilmThngthBCng.Hainhnvtnydkhngxut
thntnikhoagipvkhngthngchctheohthngquantrngmvnmtbcnhyvtnmginhngchcvtiquantrngvinhng
phmhmcaocpnhtlvngiPhp,viscmnhtonquyntrongtay,muncnhngngithntnlcKhkimsotnhvuavcBi
kimsottriunh.
117/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
kimsottriunh.
Tuynhin,tronglcconngquantrngcangNguynHuBikodichonthigic(trn70tui),mchcvcuicnglThngth
utriuhmVHinihcs,thcngdanhcangNgnhKhlinangtgnh.TheoTngthngDimklichokgiShaplentrong
mtcucphngvndisutingnghtidinhGiaLongnm1962,ththnphcangmtchcvngiPhpnghingcKhclinhn
mtmmuchngPhp,vcKhchnglivicngiPhptrutphvyvuaThnhThi 25.Nhngtheobncativnhngvcu
quanli,nhngnhnvtthucNguynPhctckli,thvicngKhbmtchcthtralvlccnlmCnthn,ngtngdngmtngi
giongtrongHongthnhtrivibukhngkhvmuschontonTamgionicungcmcanhNguyn,vbtcnnhngliphni
caccvquankhcvHonggia.VthmnhnchivuaThnhThibtrutph,triunhhchtingNgnhKhkhinhmnHonggia,
gingngxungbacpvchovhunon.Thtrathvxyngigiongchlmtcic,ciccuicngvcthnhtcamtchuidi
nhngmuthunvxungkhccanhiuthlc.NguynKhmsTrungklcbygilLvque,thuchiTamim(FrancMacon),ckhuynh
hngchngsbnhtrngquynlccaHiThnhCnggioLaMvcngthngcthikhinhmnnhvuavtriunhAnNam.Vit
cchlKhmsTrungk,yctonquyntrctiphaygintipquytnhbnhim,thayihaycchchcccquanliAnNam 26.ngNgnh
KhhihaiyutchoLvquekhinhght:"quanli"v"Cnggio",likhngcccbnngliubnhvc,nnkhivuaThnhThibtrut
phngkhngcntcchglmCnthn,vHiTruynGiocngkhngscmnhcungkhibLvquevnngvimttriunh
snsnguingv.
Do,ngigiongtrongiNichlciccthtcuicng.Vcngdo,tingnrngv"yvuakhngKh"nnngNgnhKhb
mtchccngchltingncphngithmvrrngchnhcNguynHuBi,vakhngchukgiyomvua(omkhngBi),li
vacngkhaibnhvcKNgoiHuCng,mthongthnqucthchckhuynhhngvhnhngchngPhprrt,mvnthngquan
tinchcmaulvnmgigingmitriunhmychcnmtri.
(Tuynhin,phinithmrngquytnhnghKNgoiHuCngcangBilc,vcngDimcanhngnm40sauny,chphn
nhchinlcchnhtrcaHiTruynGioHiNgoimunphchichihcaHongTCnh,vhongtcGimmcPigneaudeBhaine
utheoCnggioLaMvbvuaMinhMngbimvtcgnthkritrc).
Nhng"tingn"loi"yVuakhngKh,omkhngBi"nycnphickimchngbngnhngtiliukhtnchkhngthmqungtin
theomtcchnhdc.CngnhtrnghpLinhmcTrnLcdithiPhpthuccvinhdanhl"NamTc,QucCng",l"Phctinh,
anhhngvangdanhbnb",licttnchomttrngTrunghcdithiICngHa.Chnsauny,nhtiliunhcun"Nhngtrn
nhPhp"cahcgiLngNhnPhngTtc,"ThpGivLiGm"caLinhmcTrnTamTnh,tamibitrTrnLclmttnVitgian
tngbcPhannhPhnglccnlmTriphYnKhnh,ncranhtiPhtDim.TrnLccngvi5.000giodnPhtDim,KS,
in H, B Xng gip qun Php nh ph chin khu Ba nh ca anh hng Cn Vng inh CngTrng (xin xem thm "Hi h ca ng bo
ThinChagio"cagiosToannhtrongphnPhLc).
TheocTrngVnHu,mtnhnslothnhCnggiotiPhCam,nigianhngNgnhKhtrng,thkhibgingchcrivhusm,
cKhthngmcnu,qunngcaongthp,chnigucgvthngnngitrcsnnhthPhCam,minglmbmchibich
danhccvquantitriu.Thihnhcmtcchsngsngviccvithnnyphnnhmttnhcmcmthvquynlimtmt,ng
tinthbbtchnl,vngll,mttnhcmkiuhnhvgitmlngtrungtrinhkhngchu...yivvuacamnh.
Khivhu,cNgnhKhtocmtnginhlutiPhCam,mtcnhvnkhrngvmymurungcnhngAnCugnthnhph
Hu.CKhcchnngicon:6traiv3gi.Contrailccng:NgnhKhi,NgnhThc,NgnhDim,NgnhNhu,NgnhCnv
NgnhLuyn.BangicongilccbNgThGiao,NgThHip,thnmucacchaNguynVnThun,vbNgThHong,nhcmu
118/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NgnhLuyn.BangicongilccbNgThGiao,NgThHip,thnmucacchaNguynVnThun,vbNgThHong,nhcmu
caBtrngBQucphngTrnTrungDung.
o0o
ngNgnhDimsinhtiHungy3thngGingnm1901(CanhT),raikhithnphcnlmquantitriu,nhnglitrngthnhkhigia
nhkhngcncsungtcvcKhngconmlivhusm.Lnln,ngDimvohctrngtthcCnggioPellerintiHu,bng
ThnhChungtclbngTrungHcNhtcpsauny,rithivotrngHuBditriuvuaKhinh,mtvvuanitingVitgian.
TrngHuBlhuthncatrngQucTGim,niotorangchthucquanphcvchoNamtriu.TthivuaDuyTntrvtrc,
trngQucTGimHucngictnhiutruynthngvthcchtgiaionmnhchnymicthitlplnutinvoivuaL
NhnTng(10721127)tikinhthnhThngLong.NghaltrngciukhinbimtvikhoagipmangchcTTu,vstcnglhng
ngit,khiratrngsl"dnchiphmu".Trili,dithivuaKhinh(19161925)ktnm1918,trngHuBdomtvinCng
SPhpctaKhmsynhimlmhiutrng,diquynvinCngsthcvThngthBHc(Namtriu),ThhinhcchnhTrung
K(ngiPhp)vHcchnhhil(ngiPhp)lcchivinlovicquntrvgiohuncanhtrng.Nicchkhc,trngHuBditriu
KhinhbTyhatrongtinhthnBoH,vkhngcncinhophongcaccthitintriumcdvncnmtsccngT,ngCHnhc
theoihonlquaconngtrngHuB.
MuncvotrngHuBthsinhchcnchclcngangcptiuhcnhngphictrnhcnbnvHnhc.Thigianhclbanmc
nghh,nghltheoninkhacacctrngphthng.Khiratrng,thsinhphictrnhngangvicpbngtrunghcnhtcp,ngoitr
cthmmnKinhNgha,thiphvmnlutbngHnvn.(Xemthm"VnHanguytsan"docchcgiNguynKhcKham,ThiVnKim,Bi
nhSan,NguynVnNinhbintp,hinlutrtithvinSorbonne,Paris).
ctrongTnbtcbithThiHuBTrtKVnpcaNguynKhcHiunivtrngHuBNamnhBc,mttrngoto
ngchquanlingthivitrngHuBHu,tascmtkhinimrrnghnvgitrcamtngquanthivuaKhinhnhthno:
HiPhpthuclptrngHuB,trngNamnhhcchqucng,chPhp,qualpdbthivolpchnhngch,hcbanmralmquan.
Nhngngimunphitltmic.Tntinsinhvkhngctinloltnnlmrabithsauy:
THIHUBTRTKVNP
MinmHuBmtkthi,
Nmngoinmxatcngi,
C,T,msinhvichck,
Ty,Ta,Qucngbnnmk.
a,nghin,lmc,babaosch,
Thck,inhgm,ngnvitch.
119/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Linoranlbckh,
Mnhi!Tabocthi.
RrngvuaKhinh,mtngvuanitingVitgian,cngvithcdnPhptrongbuigiaothiHnVitTyTalnln,ciitrngQucT
Gim,niotoquantrngtheotinhthn"Cn,Kim,Lim,Chnh"caolKhngMnhthnhratrngHuB,nikhaisinhmtlpngi
thahnhcaNamtriuphcvchobmycaitrcachbohPhp.Tthichonngytncathcdnvonm1945,victhng
quantinchccamtngquanAnNamtythucvobayut:ThnhtlphiclngtrungthnhtuytivimuqucPhp,lpcnhiu
cngtrngchochBoH.Thhailphiclinhthnthitvinhvuavccvithn.Thbalphictinloltchocptrn.Lchscn
chothyditriuvuaKhinhcnhiungquandngvdngcongichoquanTymaulnchc,maulmquanto.
Ldnhincngcnhngtrnghpcbitmmtvquan,dbcThngthhaychchmCuphm,thutcavcamnhkhng
nhbayutktrnmnhchnhthctivsngaythngcamnh.Tuynhin,bitlnyquththimhoi.
ngNgnhDimxutthnttrngHuBvcblmquanditriuKhinh.CTnThtToi,vThngthtrsbnvongninca
kvit,tnghotnghnghichoPhongTroCchMngQucGiaNhaTrangvlcuDnbiukhaIthiNhtCngHa,chobitrng
CvhaingNgnhKhivNgnhDimvnlbnchthncnghctrngPellerinvtrngHuB.Nhngkhihcxongthttcccs
tchcbvoccngchtps,ringmtmnhngDimlcbngayvochcTrihuynHngTrtnhThaThin.Trongngchquanli
thi,michcvphiquababncp,micpphictnhtbanmthmnin,thmngDimlithngquantinchcmaunhdiugpgi,
mtccchvtbckhngaictrnhngnhnvtlmquanttnhngPhmQunhchnghn.Nm23tui,ngDimlmtrihuynQung
in (ThaThin), ln tri ph Hi Lng (QungTr), ln Qun o NinhThun (tnh trng hng nh), lnTun V BnhThun (tnh trng hng
trung).Nm1933,lcngmi32tui,cthnglnThngthBLi,nghalchcvutriungtrnhthngquanliAnNam.Chtrong
vngminmmngDimvthtmincthanghonl,vicmnhngquanlikhcphimttnhtl30nmtri.ngDimchabaogira
HNihctrngLuthaytrngQucGiaHnhChnhnhvnphngbochphTngThngarahuynhocmtskgiVitNamv
ngoiquclmlnghivoschbocah.Tuynhin,ngDimlmtngquannitingcnmnthanhlim.
Thilmquanhuynquantnh,ngbnogminnchpeobing,milnihnhhtthngcingavcclngqu.ngvalquan
caitrvalquanTphp,valmnhimvcnhstgigntrttanninhchoaphngdongcmudisgimstcaquancngs
PhpvtheochnhschcachbohPhp.Nhimvcbitcangquanhuyntnhlcbygilcthcdnchngtrongvicnpthu
mvngicngngxtxccvkincocadntrongqunht.Thilmquan,ngDimcbitctikhmphnhiutCngSnhot
ngbmtnncchnhphBoHrttnnhim,dommi29tuingcthnglnchcTunVBnhThunvsaungthng
chcThngThBLinhnitrnkia.
NhngtronglcngDimlmtvquanlithanhlimthngianhrutlngNgnhKhilmTngctnhQungNam,mttnhlnthhaica
triunhAnNam,caxTrungK,lilmtvquanmangtingthamquanlivctcphongbbi.DluncnnirngngKhitngtuviv
conthuccp.DluncnnirngsdngKhithchnhil,kcnhngmntinrtnh,vngrtcntingichohaingiemnhc
Php.NhngdluntrnyvncncccbccaoninqutnhQungNamhinnayhingoiklimikhinhcnchuynxacniqu
nhngNgnhCn,thingDimchacmchnhquyncaitrminNam,cklichochngtingherngsaukhitchcThngThB
Li,ngDimthngvoQungNamchivingNgnhKhi,clnthytcchbtchnhcaanhmnhngginlm,bnibtHiAnra
Nng(40cys)lytuhavHurigithtrchmcanhmnhthiutcphongcamtbc"dnchiphmu".
VicthngquantinchcvtbccaanhemnhhNgnhlmchogiiquantrngvaganhtcvakhinhb.Hlmthchgiu"vy
120/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VicthngquantinchcvtbccaanhemnhhNgnhlmchogiiquantrngvaganhtcvakhinhb.Hlmthchgiu"vy
cnh"nhNgsdtinmautrnnglidanhlchnhththnvycnh:
LMQUANNAMTRIU
Lnhnhchicbchbuibao,
Cholixemchngkhbitbao.
Titmyngidnglhu,
Quanthymyknnghubao.
Chttrongbhonthmmnhna,
Theohtrng"Hn"bitkipnao.
VycnhNgnhghgmtht,
Mmlngdogichnglncao.
(ghich:"rngHn"lhthngphmtrt"HnLm"trongngchvngiaicaquanliNamtriu).27
NhngaitngchukhtheodikhngkhvkhungcnhquantrngthiMtNguynubitrngttccchngquanli,nhtlhngquan
caocptTunVtrln,khngmyaithnyuknhphcanhemnhhNgnh.Thibygi,nhngdnghcngilmquantonhh
Phm,hV,hThnTrng,Hc,TrngNh,NguynKhoa,TnThtucoianhemnhhNgnhnhngixal,nukhngmunni
lnhkth.SdctnhtrnglvdnghNgnhvatheooThinChavakhngxutthnthngkhoagip,khngctrnhhc
vncaomchdavothlccacccovccquancaitrPhpcthngthngmaul.th,vanhemhNglikhpkn,cao
ngo,nnrttnhinmgiiquanlingmngmchiarrahaiphe,phePhtgiovpheCnggio.
NutnghpskincKhbtriunhcchchcchovhusm,skincnhngbithphbintrongnhngianchgiu"phe"Ngnh,
viliphphncagiosNguynVnXunvtnhthmhimcacBi,vnhnnhcaThhinBcVitNguynHuTrvconngi"thm"
cangNgnhDim28tacthhnhdungracnpsngcchbitvillihnhxthiugiaocmcanhNgnh,cngnhtnhcmnghi
kvganhghtcaccbnngliulcbygi.
SdbcngcngdanhcaanhemngDimngKhithnhthangddngvthngtinmaullnhvocttrNguynHuBi,vttng
ngutriunhAnNam,ngicthcdnPhphunctngymiihctrngoPenangv,tthicnlthngngntaKhm
sHu.VHinNguynHuBilicnlnhcphcangNgnhKhivlngiuchongNgnhDim.Chcvquanutriuth
lcttnhnhNguynHuBi,nginmtonquyngingmitriunhAnNamtronglcvuaBoicnbnduhcPhp,micquyn
lchaphpchongDimmangihiabydmtrnconnghonl,chtrong10nmmtTriHuynlnnchcThngTh.Cngch
cNguynHuBimicuythtincngDimviBoilmThngThBLithaythmnhvhu,dngDimtuicnrttr,d
ngDimmichlTunVmttnhnh.CigtochongNguynHuBiuyquynvscmnhkhuynhlottriunhAnNamlcbygi?
121/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngDimmichlTunVmttnhnh.CigtochongNguynHuBiuyquynvscmnhkhuynhlottriunhAnNamlcbygi?
CigchophpngNguynHuBimtbcnhyvtlnlmThngThutriu,qunxuynmisinhhottriuchnhcthpmith
tcmnngnginylnhayngikhcxung,trongkhikhnngthcsvqutrnhnggpchotriunhcangkhngngk?Cutr
limnhiungibitgmhaiphn:PhnthnhtlcitrnghungchungcatncthiBoHmnhchcgil"triunh"chlmt
cquanbtlcvvquyn,aicscmnhththaotngc.VphnthhailchnhHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhptraochoNguynHuBi
ciscmnhvchcagioquynphihpvithquyncakchinthng,xuynqualbiny,tinhnhchnhschCnggiohaVit
Nam(gliaffaripublici).
LchsHiTruynGioHiNgoignlinvilchsbnhtrngcaPhpngDng.MtsnglpvincaHi,GiosPallu,lmgchni
giahaitriunhPhpVit.GiosPigneaudeBhainesauthtchtthmsidylinh:scanthipcanhngthnhvincaHian
cuccanthipqunscaPhptiVitNam.29
Nutthktht,lchsGioHiLaMcnhngvGiohongnhSilvestercuktviHongConstantinexydngGiohi(nm
314)30,cnhngGiohongnhLokhichtlimtchcth(nm461)rng"HiThnhCnggiothbtphnlyviqucLaMvkhi
ttcngnhkhixu,chnhlqucLaM"31thHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhp,tronggiaioncamtchnhquynPhpcnsngvinhng
otngvngsoncamtqucoaihngxaxa,cnghnhxviyuylctrnmnhtVitNamnghonnxaxmphihpcht
chchnhschthcdn(chnhtr)vichnhschtruyngio(tngio).
HycbnbococatonquynBeaugitrnhchochnhphPhpnhndptmngikvvuaThnhThiththythlccangNguyn
HuBi,dchlmtconcynhimbnx,nhngcngmnhnhthno:
Ngy3thng9nm1907,tinHuchngkinlthoivcavuaThnhThi.Vinchnhvnphngcatilinithmccquanithn
catriunhHudlachobitttngcahivithicuc.Ccvnyucngkchkchlitttcccnhnvtara,nhnghthntrng
khngnghmtaic,chcngthtcusong:"ChngtisngvhoannghnhbtkmtngvuanomchnhphBohtuynchn".
RingcNguynHuBi,CngbThngTh,cnincitnCngvtthithngthnngh.ngtalmtiluvngcoThin
Cha,kincangcthconththlcytnng32.
Nu"kincangcthcHiTruyngiotnng"thiuchcchnlkincaHiTruyngiocngscphnnhqualptrngv
hnhngcangNguynHuBi,mchnhquynbohPhpcnlutmn.
ThlcHiTruyngiomnhmnhthchotathyrvsaokhimngNguynHuBimunlcthxydngcuythchomtNg
nhDimtthingDimcnlmtsinhvintrngHuB,vsaovuaBoiphichpnhnchongNgnhDimlmThngThBLi,
vvsaoHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpkhimunlcthsptccmtbHongHutheoCnggio.
VtriugichcThngThBLi,ngDimihingiPhpphithchinnhngcicchxhinhhhavivuaBoi.Nhngci
cchxhiigmcnhngmcnh:
TriunhAnNamctonquynbbo,thngphttrongvnnhnscaNamtriu.
TriunhAnNamcngnschring,ctichnhring,tphpring.
122/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Mrngnngiodc.
ThitlpVinDnBiu.
NgiPhpphithcthingnHac1884,nghalHacvncnchoTriunhAnNam(Trungk)mttquynhnhnib,dHa
cvncngnhnnnBoHPhpliukinchnhyu.
iucnphinirlnhngdnhcicchtrnyldovuaBoiihikhingmivncvcngiPhphahn.Nhngdnh
cicchnycngcngPhmQunh,nguynchbtboNamPhong,nghtnm1931khivuaBoichahiloan.ngPhmQunh
cnixahnlihivicstnhpBckvTrungk,vnlhaixBohringbit,thnhmtvngqucchinphphnhi,nghalch
trngmtncVitNamtheochqunchlphinttrtrongmtLinBangngDngthucPhp33.
CnngDimthvntrungthnhvichnhschcangiPhptngynglmTriHuyncholnnchcTunVtnhBnhThun.Chonkhi
cvuaBoiclmThngThBLivcchnhcmu"yBanCiCch",ngmiihivicthihnhnhngcicchmngi
Phphavinhvua.
NhngngDimgpphiphnngquytlitcangPhmQunh,ngicaSChnhTrPhp(ServiceCivil).ngthtbitrongvictranhchp
vingQunhnnchlmThngthBLic4thngthphixintchc.
giithchstranhchpcvkhhiucahaivThngthcngcuvbovtmtngunthlclPhp,tacnphithyrbn
chtthtscascuktgiaHiTruynGioHiNgoivchnhquynthcdnPhp.Scuktdatrncnbnhtngquynlivqun
phn trch nhim: Thc dn Php phi np ng sau nhng chic o chng thm mi c c ci chnh ngha "nhim v khai ha" (mission
civilisatrice)cctusThinChagiophicchechbngsngncabmyxmlcmibnhnhccccucchngngoixmbnx
raotruynctincaChaKit.lquynlihtnggiaGiotruynvThquynmlchsGiohiLaMvqucLaMtinhnh
tthkth4vhinvncnlmiedalnchossinhtncaGiohi,vchnhcGioHongJohnPaulIIvonm1978philnting
cnhcorng"khilacaquSatantrnvoGiohi" 34.Tuynhin,trongtintrnhcuktny,vnqunphntrchnhimkhngphilc
nocngminhbchvctntrng,GiohiclcvthnchhnhxthquyncngnhccquccngclcuyhipGiohi
khuynhlotgioquyn.
NhngvachmdhiuchydisutqutrnhphttrincaGiohiLaMvccqucaTrungHi,vmtkchthcnhhnnhng
rrthn,thhinrrngtrongcucxmthcvnhachnhtrtrntnctatrongnhngtriuinhNguyn.Vdhinnhinnhtlchnh
schngudncaPhptmmicchduytrvkhuynkhchcctruynthngvhnhthictccadnta,trongkhiccvtruynolitm
micchphvbitrnhngtclctruyncavnhadntcddnglenligiolThinChagiovotnngngdnta.
ChnhGimmcPuginierchtrngtrong30nmphithchinchoxongcngcucCnggiohatonbBckbinminnythnhmt
tnhquncaPhpgmtonngiVittheooCnggio,trongkhithTonquynngDngLanessanlitmcchgycmtnhvingi
Vit,iivingiVittheolphpvphongtcaphng,nhiukhicnlongtrngndlkhnhthnhccchan,lngmiu.Chnhsch
caLanessanlmchoccgioones,vthgioonphivnngLanessanbmtchcvbtriuhivPhp.
VccvinchccaitrPhpngDngkhngthchungmisthaotngcaccvco,nnnhndptriunhAnNamchnhnnib
lcvuatrBoimivnc,hbntngPhmQunhlngithntncahvocntrnhngkhochcaHiTruyngiomng
123/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lcvuatrBoimivnc,hbntngPhmQunhlngithntncahvocntrnhngkhochcaHiTruyngiomng
NgnhDimlidin.Trongcuctranhchpny,SChnhTrkhngnhngchphiloiphvingNgnhDimmcnmunnmvng
bNamPhngHongHuvncnglconbicaHiTruynGio,hbntcnhbmtngithntnkhccahlmbth,lngNguyn
TinLng,mtngicatonquynRobin.Thtra,khngphichvkhngihicnhngcicchmngDimxintchcngay,chngcl
hnminmlmquanHuynquanTnh,ngvnthihnhchnhschcangiPhpmtcchynlng.vy,trongcccuctranhluncng
khai,ngDimlibnpvlluncngnhvngnngtrctihngbinvkinthcuynbccamtPhmQunhvalnhboval
hcgilikmphmhmhnng.TheodicucichnhtrcangDim,tathysmnganbichonglunlunnmginhngchcvch
huy,annhnhngvtrlnho.LmquantriuNguynhaiivua,ngkhnghginhngchcvthahnhccVinhayccBmchlm
TriHuyn,TriPh,Quno,TunVricuicngllmmtvThngThgiangsnmtci.Sauny,thlmThtngtonquynchomtv
vuabitxricuicngtrthnhmtvTngthngmkhngbTphpvLpphpphnquynhockimquyn.Quannimlnhocang
Dimllunlunichoctonquyndkhnngkhngcngng,dtnhhnhphctpkhkhnihimtstnquynvphn
quynhpl.
ThilmThtng(195455),ngDimiBoitraochongtonquynvthsbovlnhthtonvndsautrnnlngtngvtlit,
nhphibriBcVit.Trc,thilmThngThBLi(1933),ngcngitonquyncicchxhimkhngbitrngnhngci
cch,nuthchinc,chlmpthmvaitrthcdnvlmmnhthmvtrbohcangiPhptiVitNam.HungglngicaHi
TruynGioHiNgoiPhp,nglmsaoingclicchnhschthcdncaHi,lmsaolnnvtiutrcnhnghnhvipbcqu
khchcaccvcoivilngdn.
TrongVitNamPhpThucScagiosPhanKhoang,trongLchSNiChinVitNamcagiosTChiTrng,trongrtnhiulikugi
cacPhanBiChu,tabitrrngvyvicccvCodavobolccaqunivinchinhPhpbnhvcconchinmpbc
ngilng35.y,tixindnchngthmnhnnhcahcgioTrinhNhtkhiphphnnhngthidoccCogyra:
Thtth,ccngygingo,songnu"conchin"cchuyngkincovilngdn,tcthiccngmangb"odithm"vorithnhnh
lnquanPh,quanHuynkuni,vdantquanPh,quanHuynphixchoconchinckin.Nuquankhngbnhvctheomuncacc
ngthccnghmdalnniviquanCngstmcchmhi.Ccngcogidnndd,hanochutheoothlnhsung
bc.Nhngangataylytiniothcncrahngu.Lytinxongchngvlngdantanhemngbomnh:"Byliuhn,
chngtaoycTyu,nubydmchitao,gygvitaoltaonngxccabyvlyhtcacicaby".mti,chngnchm
latttiunhtranhvchntcachngrilalnggihavuoanchobnVnThn,bndnlng.Thlchngvalyctincanh
ncmbnlngdnkiathphitti36.
Vimttnhtrngxhi"quanthamabt"nhth,vimttriunhbcnhcthintnhth,thhingDimdcihithtsthlmsao
ngcththchinnhngcicchc.DithiCngHa,lmtTngthngtonquynmngcnchoccLinhmcvnhmCnLao
khngbpbclngdnthdithiPhpthuc,nglmsaocthchnglichnhschcaHiTruyngiovchnglicibnphntng
cang,khichnhnglmtvquantaysaicaPhp,taychncaGioHi.Chonnnm1933,dngiPhpcchongDimthchinnhng
cuccicchthngDimcngchlmccngvictvchochiclngphn,nncchocichurnglnhn,nhngdnVitNamvn
lthdncchuchimlng,thdnbrungthcdnPhpcngcvkodinnh.DithiqunNhtchimng(194145),Ton
quynDecouxvsdnngtheoNhtBnaranhiucicchrnglnnhmvin"NhnDnibiu",nhbnhnghanhiungchcng
chcPhpVit,ngchsquanPhpVit,nhmthmtrngihcThmchnhphBoHvnvngvng,dnVitNamvnldnthuca
chonkhiccuccchmngcachnhdnVitnilnthmithcscgiithotkhigngcm.
Nhvy,vicngDimtchcThngthrrngphnlnldoplccangiPhpvPhmQunh.RingBoi,khichothuhibngsc,
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nhvy,vicngDimtchcThngthrrngphnlnldoplccangiPhpvPhmQunh.RingBoi,khichothuhibngsc,
huychngcangDimchngquacngchnhngDim,nghalvplccathcdnmchnhvuaBoi,trongcngvicny,cngtrabt
mnvingiPhp,traluynticsraicamttrungthnmdnghbaikhungphnhNguyn,mthhanhemngDiml
thnttntyvitinvng.Thmsaukhitchc,ngDimliphCngvinhquniNhtBnltngaivngcaBoi.
TrcsphnbicangDim,vuaBoivnkhngthon,vnnhnkcuthn,hailnnhinvoSiGnmingDimvlpchnh
ph.KhngngngiNhtbrilbiCngvNgnhDim,vdokhngchutraointnlilmchocuctihpvuatikhngthnh
tu,vcngdomvuaBoiphimihcgiTrnTrngKimlmThTng.NhngriVitMinhcpchnhquyn,vuaBoitbngai
vngtrthnhmtcngdn,rilmTicaoCvnchongHChMinhtronglcngNgnhDimbVitMinhyiniminsncc,gn
bingiiHoaVit.
ChnhtrngltntungmunmtvcaingvicqunPhptrliVitNamligintipgiithotccchohaingBoilnNgnh
DimkhivngkmkpcangHChMinhBoiiHngKngvhainmsautrthnhithcangH,cnngNgnhDimtrv
SiGnmtlnnaquayvvivVuammnhhailnbiphn.
Nm19471948,khiPhpbgiiphpHChMinhquayvthngthuytviCuHongBoitrongmmusdngngvuabnhnchu
tilpnnthuca,thngDim,hnaiht,nhnbitcBoichnhlngicathicuc,chnhltimcnthitcholclngquc
giatrongbicnhtnclcbygi.Vvy,cngvimtschnhkhchthucnhiukhuynhhngvtchckhcnhau,ngDimquaHng
KnghikinvtholunvivuaBoitmmtgiiphpchngCngcunc.
KtqucanhngtholunnylsmuthunvmctiuutranhgiangDimvccchnhkhchkhc,dschlcutranhcachai
phahontongingnhau.Nghaltrongcithtamphnlclnglcbygi(VitMinhkhngchin,PhpbohvBoiqucgia),mlc
lngchnhtrchngCngcangiVitNamthkhngccmthuthunnhndnvmtscmnhvlcngk,thphngthcu
tranhcnliduynhtlnhngvnngngoigiao.Tuynhin,trongkhiccchnhkhchkhcchtrngvnngchomtncVitNamcLp
dndnthngDimchtrngvnngchomtVitNamclptheoquychDominion(tngtnhKhiThnhVngChungcaAnh).c
sngcavuaBoivcythcthihnhcngtcny,ngtrvSiGnvbtuvnngtheochiuhng.Nhngnghon
tonthtbitrongnlcnyvdo,quytnhliSiGntiptchotngchnhtrquaccphngtintruynthngvbochchng
livuaBoivPhp.
Nm1949,ngbotrchonhtboHoaLdomtnginghnglnginhXunTiu,tlThitMc,lmchnhimkimchbtmhai
cngsvinthntnnhtlHunhHoiLcvPhanXngtrongbanbintpvngHSKhulgimcchnhtr.ngDimchtrngthn
thinviThtngNguynVnXunvilpviccchnhkhchkhc.nthingTrnVnHugichcThHinNamPhn(194849),ng
inhXunTiubmst,nhtboHoaLtnhbnvnhvin.SongsongvinhtboHoaL,ngDimcncsymtrcatunboTinh
ThncanhmccbcsTrnVn,NguynTngNguyn,HunhKimHu.
TixinmmtdungocnithmrngtrscanhtboHoaLtnggiacangibitthlus152ngGnralDeGaulle,tcl
ngCngLsauny.TngtrndomtngiPhplmvicchoPhngNhPhpchimc,cntngdiththucvvnphngvgianhca
lutsNguynHuTh.LcbygivcngDimlnlutsNguynHuThulnhngnhnvtchnhtrchngPhpvchngnhngchnh
phngthichonnhaingilinhvinhaurttngc.Nhngnnm1954,1955,khingNguynHuThtrongPhongtroHaBnh,
anhemngDimbtngThqunthcTuyHa,tngThtrnnconngichoHNikhaithc.ThtraLutsNguynHuThcng
nhDcsTrnKimQuanvtinsuTrngThanh(hinPhp)khngphilCngSn,nuanhemngDimkhnkhohn,khngch
trngctimthchinmtchnhschcimhnvimithnhphnqucgiaththnngNguynHuThkhngtheoHNilmCh
tchMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamsauny.
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Licngphinithmrng,sauny,khingDimlmTngthngcmtthigian,haicngsvincangtrongbanbintpnhtboHoaL
lccngPhanXngvHunhHoiLccngtrthnhnhngphntbtmnvichnhngvchcang.CnnginhXunTiu,ngi
hysinhtnhmngmnhchongDim,cngichllutgiainhXunQungthcngtrthnhilpvingDimnnbbtgiammtthigian,
saunglicchntrongMtTrnDnChTDocabcsPhanQuangnnnbchngDimbtgiamvotthmmtlnthhaina.
Gianm1949,QuctrngBoivnclnhoqucgia,tvnphngtiLttrnhcinghnhngangcaCaoyPhpangngtr
tidinhNorodomSiGn.KhnglQuctrngmlidinhGiaLong,saocnththng?
NgingoikhngaibitcgiangBoivngNgnhDimclinlccngkhaihaybmtnokhng,nhngcmtiuchcchnl
ngbNgnhNhu(vnngHoaHngtiLt)vngiaoduviQuctrng,cbitlbNhu,mitunbabnln,ckhicbanm,
thngnBitinsMt,niQuctrngtrng,dyQuctrngndngcm.VicnythnhnvinvnphngcQuctrngvng
lmqunkhngmyaikhngbit.
MitrngvccthlcchnhtrlcbygitiVitNamquthtkhngthunlichonhngnlchotngcangDim.NgoikthCngSn
angiungkhngchin,cclclngchngCngkhcnhchnhquynPhpthkhngtintngng,chnhphVitNammthhinrrng
lthnhphnlnhothchngng,ccngphivgiophithnghingng,iasgiodnvgimmcLHuTcngkhngtkvng
haydnhthincmchong.TrinvngcangDimxydngmtthngchnhtrthotdytmttrnghungnhvytinlnplcvua
BoihucynhimlmThtngnmchnhquyn,trartmongmanh,nukhngmunnilvvng.
LnggingnhvychonnlithotcnlichongDimkhaithngbtcsnghipchnhtrcaimnhlnngdavongoilcp
ovsannhtnhhnhtrongnc.ivingDim,phngthcnykhngphilmim.Thih,ngdavoHiTruyngiovthcdn
PhplmquanthiNhtchimng,ngdavongiNhthotng,chonnbygi,trongbicnhcacucchintranhPhpVit,vi
mtchnhthquctrngBoikhngthunlichong,ngbn,dnhin,tmmtthlcquctkhcnhcy.Cuinm1950,ngxut
ngoimichonnm1954,nhthlccaTaThnhLaM,caHngYSpellman,caphongtroCngHaBnhDnThinChagioPhp
(MRP),vcbitlnhHoaKlmplcvichnhquynPhpcngBoi,vcngnhvnngngmcaNamPhngHongHu,cuicng
ngDimcQuctrngchnhlmThtng.
Bc s Phan Huy Qut, nguyn B trng trong ni cc ca ng Bu Lc, cho ti bit rng sau ngy Ni cc Bu Lc hp ln cht lu i
ThorencediquynchtacaQuctrngBoi,nhiuvBtrngtrabtmnvviccngDimlmThtng,nhngvuaBo
igti:
"TilVitgiancaPhp,NgnhDimlVitgiancaM.NaythicaPhphtmMthanglmlenhyvoVitNam,tisaotalikhng
giaochnhquynchoNgnhDimnhMbovVitNam".
llinichtnhthathitmunbovquhongtrcmttnhthkhkhncamtBoikhnghphivcchp,mngcli,lictinh
thntrchnhimcamtcplnhoqucgia.VuaBoitraotrnquynhnhchnhvqunschongNgnhDimmchilymtli
th,lithtrcCha,phibovquhng.LithnycnghmphitrungthnhviQuctrng,vtrcngDimcngc5vthtng
nhngkhngcmtvnobvuaBoibtthtrckhinhnchcvvquynhnhc(ngoitrltrnhdinchnhph).
Saulith"tntrungboquc"nm1954,ThtngNgnhDimlnngvncloliconthuynqucgiatrccnsnggi,trong
lcQuctrngBoicnliPhptheodicucHimGenvenhotsphntncvtranhuquytlitviPhpginhlitrn
126/611
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vnchquynqucgia37.
Nhvy,sau6nmtrixalnhQuctrngmtrongchn4nm"lgtniqungi",6nmxalnhtrongtthilpvicnhnvQuc
trngchkhngphivichcaQuctrng,cuicngngDimliquayvnhnchcThTngdochnhQuctrngbnhim.Ds
bnhimcdiplccaMthncngmangcngbnchtvinhngbnhimdiplccaPhpcabavthtngtinnhimlcc
ngNguynVnXun,TrnVnHu,NguynVnTm.VitcchThtng,ngDimkttcccvnkinchnhthcdidngch"Tha
lnhcQucTrng",ngngdingncvngbascdovuaBoikhaisinhchngCngSn,ngcngtrngcyhonton
voquniqucgiacavuaBoi,lclngmngtngchbail"lnhnhthuchoPhp",dpBnhXuynvccgiophihuxydng
vcngcquynlclnavchong.
Tuynhin,cuctihpgiaCuHongvvcuthnnhNguynchlmthqutmthicacuctranhchpchnhtrMPhp,nnchsaumy
thngphitanv.Hicuicngcatntungtrmnmhlnhngdinvintntnhmamaychovalngccodinnhiuphphp:Din
vinHChMinhkhocodntc,lnhocuckhngchindinvinBoingvaiqucgiabmvolclngngiPhpkhngCngv
dinvinNgnhDimdavothlcMtmcchthaythBoitrongcuctngtranhQucCng.Trnmtlchsvhinhintrongthc
t,lcucutranhquynlccanhngtaysaibnx,mdntc,aunthay,lilnnnhnbtlcbcunhtvo.Trongchiudica
cucutranhsngmiQucCng,nuphaCngSnchcmthuphnglnlkhiCngSnquct,mtcplnhoduynhtlng
CngSnVitNam,thngcli,phanhnglclnggilqucgia,vkhngtcchvkhnngvndngcsinhlccadntcnnlin
tcthaythyit.Trongnhngnmt1953n1956,mcaoimlcucTrngCuDnvongy23thng10nm1955,NgnhDimphi
thayBoichophhpvingthyPhpnhngquynchongchMtrnquhngta.
CucTrngCuDndochnhquynngnhimcangDimngratchcvcngdochnhquynngnhim(dihnhthcQucHi
LpHin)kimsot.Ngy23thng10nm1955,dnchngminNamVitNamnphngphiuchnlagiahaingBoivNgnh
DimtheokhuhiucchnhquynvPhongtroCchmngQucgiagiodctrc:"Xanhbgi,bb",hoc:
Phiutabvb
PhiuxanhBoitathvti.
KtquchnhthccucTrngCuDncngvocngbol5.721.735phiuchnhngDim(98.2%)v63.107phiuxanhchnhvua
Boi(1.1%).TiSiGn,tngsctril450.000ngimsphiubchongDimlnn650.000,nghalsphiugianlnl200.000.Gia
thSiGnctaimtquctmcngianlntrngtrnnth,thhiticctnh,tithnquthsgianlnnmcno?
BuncilsgianlnnybitCIALansdale,cvnMcangDim,ontrcthnocngsxyranncnhcongDim.Sau
khi gip ng Dim nh dp c Bnh Xuyn ri, Lansdale khuyn ng Dim phi t chc "Trng cu Dn " trut ph Bo i cho c chnh
ngha.TrcngylnngvMlnhmtcuc"TngTuynC",LansdalecndnngDim:"Tronglcivng,tikhngmunbngnhin
nhnctinngthng99.99phntrm,vbitlmmuspttrc"38.VngDimvnglichthng98.2phntrm!
LansdalebongDimnntracngbngvchcnthulmcmtasphiutngilttpri,khngnnthamlamqu.Nhngvi
bnchtmunchomnhcigcng"Nht",anhemngDimbntchcbucgianln.Khnni,vicgianlnqulliuxyrangaytithSi
Gnchongoigiaoonvbochquctbitc.
NichocngthnukhngtchcbucgianlnchachcngDimcthngvvang.Thtth,nhnvobicnhtncvomaThu
127/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NichocngthnukhngtchcbucgianlnchachcngDimcthngvvang.Thtth,nhnvobicnhtncvomaThu
1955,lclngnhndnhngvngBoivncnngo:Caoi,HaHo,iVit,VitQuc,DuyDn,NguynPhctc,khingi
minNamkhngangiminBc,khingiminNamcnnhnnhNguyn,khidntcthiuscaHongTriuCngTh,sngithn
Phpv.vcthlmlchcncn"TrngcuDn".Nhngquynlctrongtay,thongianlnvtinbccaMgipngDimnhngv
cuQuctrngcangmtcchddng.
Tuynhin,dgianlnthktqucucuphiu,ringivingDim,cnggipngtchaimctiumngnhmnltrnhdin
cmtbmtdnchvichnhquynlnQuchiHoaK,vnngcaouythcnhncanglnnmctnsngnhmtvcutinhanh
minhcadntc39.RingividntcVitNam,ngy23thng10nm1955cmtnghalchsquantrnghnhnnhngmctiuchnhtr
giaioncangDim.lngychmdttriuinhNguynvchqunchtiVitNamvtraoliquynquntrtncchngCng,
vquantrnghnc,xydngnnmngchoknguyndnchsauny.ChnhschvchngDim9nmsauclmchonnmng
thuichtvclmchoCngSnmnhthmlticangvgianhngphnbilinhnglphiutnnhimcanhndnVitNamthhin
trongngy23thng10lchsny.
Bnlcabincnychainhnnhticnghiliynhtingthdichnchngcanhnthvnthngvangvngtrongnhngnitri
calchs.NhnnhthnhtvngNgnhDimcaThhinBcVitNguynHuTrchmtnmtrcngytrngcudn:"ngDiml
ngiogc,limyithnhNguyn,chcchnltnqunbohongvhtlngviQuctrngBoi,ticnngDimthchaair
nhngtrungthnhviNgithticthtin"40.
VnhnnhthhaivngBoicakgiStanleyKarnowgnmtphntthksau:"KhicngDimlmThtng,Boicngu
chnhquytnhcamnhlilmthnhngtohuytchnvisnghipchnhtrcamnh"41.ThlngNgnhDimtchtrngcho
Vit Nam quy ch "qun ch lp hin" vi mt Bo i l nh vua, mt Ng nh Dim lTh tng, a min Nam Vit Nam n mt th ch
"CngHa"mnglvTngthngutin,cnvvuatngbnhimnglmThtng,tnaytrthnhkluvongbitx,ngmngnut
caynitkhchqungi.
o0o
Nm1955,vivthlcnbchnhtrtrungkincaThtngNgnhDim,vitcchlchtchphongtroCchMngQucgiacabntnh
duynhiminNamTrungphn,tihngsayhotngchochindchtrutphvuaBoimticholkhngcnkhnnglnhocuc
utranhchngCng,vkhngcnvcdngkhaimmtknguyndnchchotncna.
Thtrathdnangihivhngvmtcucthayigcrpngvibinimicathii.NhngnhngtiliudoBThngTin
SiGngiracngnhnhngchthmtcaPhongTroCchMngQucgiatHugivochotiuchyutptrungvoviclnnnhngti
licavuaBoivcvtiLnnkhngcha,chthcnbtphikhidylngcmthngBoitrongqunchngna!
CmtchindchbaotrmtCMunBnHidochnhquynymtrtrnchaimtnidunglnphngtin,hunghngvrmrtmcch
pBoixungbndcalchs.CnccvnngphnhBoinhlmthinthnxuxanhthncLChiuThngvL
Longnh.HaiiphtthanhSiGnvHu,phihpvibochtronggnmtthngtri,lintcmtstngBoivthcdcdnchngqut
roivtlanhnghnhnmBoi.ChindchtolncamtnhnvtqucgiachngCng(theoM)trutphmtnhnvtqucgiakhc
cngchngCng(nhngtheoTy)cntncvkhngkhiphnchindchhbBoicakthlCngSnVitMinhthi1948,1949,khi
giiphpBoimiraiiphvingHChMinh.
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Saubinc,nghalkhiktquchnhthcccngbvthhintngtrnglvicthuhichicduthuyncavuaBoivngibit
thmttngngCngLcabTCung,vCuHongmthmluivobngtikodicucsngthahng,cnbTCungthc
phptrvAnnhCungAnCungoiHongthnhHusngntchuingygilo.Trongthmcnhauthng,clmmb
ngmngingmcuthc,khcthngchomttriuisuytnnhtictriuinhNguyncaB:
Cungmiutriuxauvngngt,
Trngmkhckhoiquckuthu.
(ChuMnhTrinh)
Tronggnminmktbinc,chonkhingDimbltvgitchtnm1963,ringHChMinhtgicucivonm1969,qu
hngtriquabaothngtrmvdntcnhnchubitbaothngkh.Gnminmaytrongtangtcvbinhlambanhnvt
lchstnghnindutchcamnhtrongdngsnglchs,thnaymingimtng,mingimtsphn:HaingHChMinhvNgnh
Dimrangithinclirtnhiunnnoantrichodntc,cncuhongBoithkodicucsngthahngvvmngytrv
qucchcncthctronggicmngmthi.
Tikhngdmbtchctinnhnlmcngvic"ciquannhlun"vgiaiontrunchuynnycalchsncta,ticngkhngmunph
phnngHChMinhvcncubitcngticangta,mtichmunlngmnhlngxungtrongnhngngythngcnlicacuc
ibitx,ttmnhnvhainhnvtBoivNgnhDimbngcinhncangikhngnhngkinhquachaichtrongtthca
mtcnbutranh,mcnbngcinhnnghimkhccamtngidnkhnkhnhngvnlunlunlchnhncatnc.
Rtnhiutiliu,qunhiutiliu,bnggiytrngmcenhaybngnhngchngtchaunhctrnccthnthtnphvbtratnphphn
lnnngDimcngnhchcang:LchscasinhvinVitNam,lchscaccngphiVitNam,lchscaquniVitNam,lchs
cacctngiolnvnhtiVitNam,lchscavnhcVitNamnitmlilchsVitNamtrc,sau,vtrongchnnmngDimcm
quynlmxongcicngvicphnquyttihuvchungktri,nhngiukhngngncnninhngcgngtinghipcamtthius
cungtnvngoancvnmuntmcchnhtrolchsphchilivtr"cutinhdntc"v"lnhtanhminh"camtngDimnm
trongvngxchstcalchs.
nykhngthkhngnurahaiskinmnhnhsngthigianclttrnratrclchsnhndnitmtnimtinnchngi
ngDim.lyutThamNhngvyutDmcphenhmngDimsdnghnhcBoitrongchindchtrutphCuHong.
NhngkhingDimnmvngcchnhquynrithnnthamnhngcaanhemngtacnthigptrmlnthiBoi.Cncihuynthoi
"CNgkhngvkhngconhinthnchoicuc"trthnhcuchuyncirancmt.
BuxuBoinoldmnolvnconkiamchnhngNgnhDimlidnthnvonhngcuctnhbtchnh.
ngPhmVnNhu,bnthnngDimvlcuchtchQucHi,vittrnnhtboHaBnh(SiGn)rngthigianlmnhilpvich
Boi,chnhngNgnhDimdanduvimtgimeTy(xem"LmthnogitmtTngthng"caCaoThDung).Nhngtrc,
vonm1945,thiNhtchimng,cngchnhngNgnhDimlagtmtngiconginhdnmangthai.Nm1958,haimconn
SiGnxingpnhngbngDimtchinhtnhkhngthanhnacontraihuytthngcamnh,vcngkhngphcpchonginb
khnnnmtngxuccbcno.
129/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tiliuny(thvnh)dotngTrnVnnsutmctrongHsmtdinhGiaLongsaubinc1111963,vnm1989cnggiaocho
mtsbochngti.ChngticngtrchngvophnPhLccunschny.
VphnBoithcngcrtnhiu,nukhngmunnilqunhiutiliuvitvngdoccbphntuyntruyncachNgnhDim
xutbn.Sauthcnhncangcngnhvaitrchnhtrcanghontonbqunlng.Phphnvng,mtcchichngvmtcch
thunli,thcnhngcunMtCnGiBicahcgiTrnTrngKim,PhongTroNgXcaKgiPhmVnBnh,VitNamMuLacanh
cchmnglothnhNghimKT.CngmtcchthunlivirtnhiucmphclkinringtmtingheccaGimmcLHuT,linh
mcHongQunh,caccngNguynXunCh,TrnVnTuyn,NguynHuPhim,TrnQuangVinh,sgiaPhanKhoangv.vnhngnhnvt
tiubiuchoccngphi,tngio.
Vphaquct,dlunthnggnchoBoilngvuabnhn,chibitrylc.Nhngliphphnkhngphilsailmnuchnhnvo
cucsngbnngoicangBoimkhngchutmhiususctmtthmkncang,khngchuphntchnhnghoncnhkhkhnm
ngphichung.ChnghnnhdlunPhpthngchtrchvuaBoimkhngnhrngchnhngiPhpkhngchongtdo
hnhng,khngchongcmquyntheoring.HkhngccinhnvconngiBoinhhcgiTrnTrngKim,nhkgiPhmVn
Bnhtngtipxcvsnggngivingtrongnhnggiphtphctpkhkhn.TuynhinvncnhngngiMdycngnghincutnh
hnhVitNamnhnhvitsJosephButtingerhayThiutArchimedesL.Patti,tngthamdvonhngbinngtiVitNamvonhngnm
1945,1946nncnhngcinhnlchsvthn.
ThiutPattitngchhuymtnhmOSSnhydxungminVitBcvgipchongHChMinhthicnquniNhtBntingDng.
ngghichpchititnhngbincvthi,khivMngvntiptctheodisttnhhnhVitNamvbtuvitsch,nhngchonnm
1980,khimnhiubnlchsctitl,ngmichoxutbntcphmnhanl"WhyVietnam?"nilnnhngsthtmngbitc.
nghtsckhmphcngHChMinhvMtTrnVitMinh,nhngngvncangiBoilnhchnhtrloluyn,lmtngithnhtmyu
nc.
Pattititlrng:
Nm1947,MtTrnQucGiaLinHipcaphechngCng(dobcsLVnHochcmucsthamdcangNgnhDimnhgios
Buttingerk)xngragiiphpBoi.NgiPhpbnbchtrngthngthuytviVitMinhvmunsdnglbiBoimhcho
lmtngvua"Playboy"dsaikhin.HdnhchchoBoiginhlymtnnclpgihiuchoVitNamvhbitrngBoikhngth
bnhnhcxsmqunlcPhptingDngmingyphimtgiatng.
NgiPhpbnthcgicMtTrnQucGiaLinHipihiBoiphingrathnhlpmtchnhphqucgia,nhngBoitchivlng
khngmuncmumtchnhphdongiPhpbotr.HungchingliquannimrngMtTrnLinHipQucGiakhngtiubiuidin
choaic,tronglcMtTrnVitMinhmillclngchnhyu.BoichbnglngngrathngthuytviPhpnucsthahipno
caVitMinh.
Chonmahnm1947,khiBoibitchcchnhphPhpdongCngHaBnhDncmucngquytbhnvicmthoiviVit
Minh,BoimicngkhaituynbchngliVitMinh.DlunnrngvicBoiaralptrngchngCngrrtlckhuynkhchHoa
KgipBoichnglithamvngcaPhp,nhHoaKnhhngHaLangipNamDngclp.VichyvngvoHoaKkhngphi
lmtotngvsaumytunl,isMtiPhp,ngWilliamBullittuynbchintranhngDngcangiPhplth"chintranhbn
thunht".LituynbcaisBullitcmingiquannimnhlmtlihahncaHoaKsvintrchoBoi(saunykhiBoi
chnhthccmquyn,HoaKlincngnhnqucgiaVitNamvvintrchochnhphBoi).
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chnhthccmquyn,HoaKlincngnhnqucgiaVitNamvvintrchochnhphBoi).
VihyvngcHoaKgip,BoimichugpBollaert,CaoyPhptingDng.NhngkhigpBollaertri,Boinhnthyrngi
dinncPhpcharanhnglihahnmm,dongkhngchuchpnhnthngthuytviPhp.ngtrvHngKngrichthni
Phpthmdtnhhnh.TiPhpngcngnhnthyrngngiPhpvnngoanc,chmuntilpnnhnnngkhngmuntctmnh
vommucathcdn.
ThicngrncangbucBollaertphinhiulnndinkinviBoitiCannesvGenve,niBoitrng.Bollaertphiha
thamnnhngiukincangtrongnhngcucthngthuytspti,dohainhnvtnymigpnhaulnthhaivongy5thng6nm
1948tivnhHLong.LnnythPhplongtrngtuynbchoVitNamclpnhngngoigiaovqucphngvndoPhpkimsot.Tha
cHLonglmchocthcdnPhplnVitMinhcmtc.ThcdnthchorngPhpuhngBoi,tronglcVitMinhchiraPhp
(criedfoul)vtiHiNghFontainebleau,HChMinhthtbikhngginhcnhngiukinnhPhpthathunviBoi.
NhngdthacHLongrai,Boivnmunthacyphicchnhthcha,doBoiphiiPhpvkktviTngThng
Auriolhipcngy8thng3nm1949,thngcgilhipcElyses.Tuyvy,Boivnkhngchuvncvngmunphithchin
cho xong nn thng nht ba k. Thi cng rn ca ng lm cho thc dn tc gin la ln rng: "N bt u coi chng ta khng ra g" (ll
commencevraimentsefoutredenous).NhngtisaoBoilichukvomthipcmngtachathamn.Cbaldo:Mtlvsnu
khngk,ngiPhpstilpnnhhailsnhhngcaVitMinhslanrnglmchophechngCngmtchithitlpmtchnh
quynqucgiavbalnghyvngscHoaKvintrkinhtngthigipngchngPhp.42
Quanhngbinctrny,tathyrnhPattinhnnhrngngBoiqulmtnhiquc,mtchnhtrgiakhnngoan,sngsut,thm
trm,lng,vccucichnhtrcangchothyngkhngphilthngithamquyncv.KhcvivuachalKhinhcthcdn
yrasnkhulmbnhnthmamayquaycung,thamnviavbnhncamnh.TrilingBoidcyrasnkhulmbnhn,
nhngtrnsnkhu,ngchngchulmtrmchnglchoquabui,btcnlnhlccathytung.
VuaBoilbnhnnhnggianhhNglikhngcquyngiBoilbnhn.Minmlmquan,ngDimchnglthntcavua
Boisao?clmThTngchnglnmamccavuaBoisao?
Thtth,tuyngNgnhDimnhthlcThinChagioquctvMytrlichnhtrng,khnnimunclmThtngthngtabt
bucphiquacaiBoi,phithnphcvuaBoi.
Mahnm1953,ngDimtheolichdncaemlNgnhLuyn,riHoaKvParisvntinhngTnThtCn,mtngibconca
vuaBoi.Vy,dnhiulnvnngxinytkinQuctrngnhngQuctrngvnchachutip.NhndpclinhmcCaoVnLun
cngNgnhCnnhathmtvtinbcqua,anhemngDimbnnhngLunlytnhquenbitcnvnngvingNguyn,
nglvnphngcaBoi.ngNguynhasgipnhnglihavntrixui.Saunm1963,nhngbnctitldndnchobits
dvuaBoikhngchutipngDimvhaildo:mtlvuaBoithynm1953chaphilthicangNgnhDim,vldothhaim
lldochnhyu:ngBoivnlconngithmtrm,caongo,licngbitngDimlngicngunhiuphenquayqut,nnBo
icnphilmkhdngDimkhiquamt,khiphnbisauny(cngnhkhichnhthcclmThtng,BoibtngDimth).
Chonmahnm1954,nhngvnngcagianhhNg,canhngngithucNguynPhctcvnhtlcaccthlcquctgip
ngDimlmThtngchnminhngvuaBoivnkhnglaychuyn.ngchchongiM,kuchongDim,nnnnvuaBo
imivalng.Thtth,mtthngtrcngykkthipcGenve,tnhthqusinglmchoNgoitrngFosterDullesphixinyt
131/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
imivalng.Thtth,mtthngtrcngykkthipcGenve,tnhthqusinglmchoNgoitrngFosterDullesphixinyt
kinvuaBoivyucuvuacngDimlmThtng,lcbygi,ngmibnglng.iliviccngDimlmThtngthamn
ngiM,ngihiNgoitrngDullesphicamktgipphequcgiatiptcchngCng(gintipuiPhp)vvintrdidochoVitNam,
nghalvintrchochnhquynBoi.Ticrngnhngbntrny,ngBoikhngvitvohik,phichngvththngngoigiao
bucngmunnimkhngninnli.
ngBoilbnhnvythngNgnhDimlg?TahyngheThiutPattititltrongcunWhyVietnam?:
"SaukhiNgnhDimcMnnggipchocmquynthminNamrilon,bccgiophivngphichngi,tngCollinscs
caTngthngEisenhowerphnvnghelixigiccaPhp,phnvsBcVittncngtrckhichipcSEATO,nnmtthincmi
vingDim.NhngNgoitrngFosterDullesvncngquytnghngDim,thHngYSpellman,NghsMansfield,Kennedyuchngli
victhaythDim,nnCollinsphichutheolptrngcaNgoitrngHoaK.TnhhnhkhkhnvscngthnggiaHoaKvPhpbuc
NgoitrngMphiaralihmda:"HoaKsctbvintrnungDimkhngcncmquyn".giiquyttranhchp,tngCollinsi
MphivintrchoiqunvinchinhPhptiVitNam100triula,bygiCaoyElymichuchpthun".
lchaknhngthngtiptheo,ngiM,cbitlNgoitrngDulles,lmplcnngnviPhpngDimctiptccmquyn
nhtrnhbyontrc.
HaibinctrnynilnrrtnuBoilbnhncaPhpthNgnhDimlconnuicaMkhnghnkhngkm.Nuckhclvua
Boikhnngoan,sngsut,kinnhnutranhchophechngCngcmtqucgia,tronglcngNgnhDimlngichnhthlc
ngoibangmclncmquyn,thhngnhngktqudoBoili.
Nitmli,nhngskinlchstrnychothyngDimcuxinvuaBoiclmThtng,nhngchmtnmsaunhplcca
HoaKmngtngchovQuctrngcanghaichBNhnkhibtumchindchtrutphBoi.
ngBoilmtvvuabnhndocithlchstonntcmychcnmtrc,tthbnhnkhngchophptatngvovngho
quangvinhdcanhnganhhngxthndngnc.ngBoilmtvvuabtlcdocitnhtrngbtrcamttncbhcgn
trmnmtrc,khnngyukmlicngkhngchophptatngvoitngnimhuyhongcanhnghinnhnquntnggpv
xydngnnsnghipVitNam.Tacthphphncitcchbnhnvcikhnngyukmnhmtlilmlnkhngththathc
mtnhlnhoqucgia,nhngtacngphicngnhnciquyttmbotnsinhlcdntccangtrongmcchnuidngtnhkludi:
ThilmQuctrng,ngbitvcnhnghnhngbnhvcccthnhphnqucgiavachngCngvachngPhp,nngnhngnhnvt
cthnhtchyuncvtinhthncchmngdcbtngchnhkinving 43.Cngtrongnhtnhkludi,ngcnghinchoquc
gianhngnhchcbnlmcsnnmngchobtkmtchnochaykhngcngsaunycddngphttrin.iviccvin
chcidinchochnhquynPhp,ngkiuhnhgiththngvphongcamtvQuctrng,khngchohxemthngnhLansdale
ixvingDim.LucienBodard,mtkgingngmdanhtngPhplDeLattredeTassigny,chbaivkchvuaBoivngix
vivTonQuynCaoynynhmtvinchccpditrongcunLaGuerredIndochine.
NinhvykhngcnghalvuaBoitrnhcnhngtililchslnlaomngphignhchu.Nhngtili,trctanlngtmv
octihucaconngi,likhngphilnhngticnhcachNgnhDim.
Thtvy,sosnhvichNgnhDim,chBoiucctinmgihtmiquynlccaqucgia,ucgianhtr,uctiu
ditngphisthingiilp,ucdngnhtP42sthSiGn,triChnHmHutratngiamcmhocthtiungiqucgia.
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ditngphisthingiilp,ucdngnhtP42sthSiGn,triChnHmHutratngiamcmhocthtiungiqucgia.
ChBoiuckmkp,ngca,btboch,ucphnbibnb,nnhn.ngBoituyclytincaByVinnhnguc
bunthucphinlukinhkhngnhngNgnhNhu,ucbtnhngnhgiutratnnchtlmtinnhngNgnhCn.BTCung
vnsngkhimtnthanhmHu,khngvoconlmQuctrngmhimiquynth,muatcbnquan.BNamPhngHongHuvn
sngmthmcchbitngoiquc,bMngipvnkhngnhhngchngtrongviclnhoqucgianhbNgnhNhuSiGnvm
LuynHu,vnhtonthanhemngDimmingimtchcv,mtgiangsn,mttriunh,mtcquanmtv,mttchcthanhnin,
mtlclngcbit,mtcquankinhti.ChvuaBoillibingkhngithmdnmqunimilnTngthngNgnhDimikinhl,
dnphidyt4,5gisng,cmmcmbi,phinng7,8tingnghiTngthngnhoanh,quningNgnhDimngichm
chtrnthuynbtsquanyvlnhsphngdincmdnchonhvuachathiTrungC.ChonnthkhngithmdnnhngBo
icnhnlmilnngNgnhDimikinhlllmkhchoqundn.ngBoicngucxynhcaringtnhnmsuanhemng
Dimtodngkhngbitbaonhiulnin,rungt,khchsn,nhlu,hngxng,bitth.ngNgnhCncnbtccngbinh,cng
chnhxylngchomnhtnkmtrnhngtrmtriubccngqu.iutrtrultrongkhinhNgruraotuyntruynngBoidmtrylc
thchnhngNgnhCnlidmlonvlun 44.ngVVnHi,chnhvnphngcbitthntnnhtcangDimcngkhngngnngi
cngnhnvinhmlnhoNhyDtrongcucochnhngy11111960l"trongdinhcLpcmtbnim"45.
ngLNguynLong,mtchinscchmng,mtnhnsminTrung,mtchngnhnthii,snggialngdntctrn30nmtriquhng
khila,chngkinbaocucthayngiich,thmthavibaothsnhntnh,nghimkhclnnrng:
"ChacchqucgianotiVitNamtnbonhchNgnhDim,trchCngSn.NunichngngBoithaicngcquyn
chngtrNgnhDim,vchaanhngDimvcngDimnavnl"ticon"nhNguyn.ngBoitrnnguyntctnnhimngDim
vngDimphcmnh.TrcvsaukhitrutphBoi,ngDim,quaBthngtin,thubnbibt(huhtbochthiDim)mmt
chindchdihnkch,buxu,vuco,nhcmngBoihtsctnt.Thitnghngiclngtmtithiukhngainhnhxnhth,
NgnhDimlngiiphnphc"46.
Tuynhin,trongbincanhemngDimtrutphvuaBoi,ngicayngbbngnhtcllngTnThtCn,ngibnthnthitcagia
nhhNg,nginuingDimntiParis,nginongcxuivnngviQuctrngvbNamPhng,emtinhthnnh
NhocangDim,embaithntcadnghNgnh,emchcgimmccangNgnhThc,tonlnhngthcaotrngthing
lingbomtmlngtnquntrungthnhcaanhemnhNgKhngngQuctrngBoilibtrutphchongTnThtCn
mangtinglmhichocnhvualnnhNguyn.KhngringngTnThtCnmcanhrutcang,ngTnThtToi,mtbnthncang
Dimtthininthiu,cngmangtmsngcaycamtngiTnThtlphngDimmlmbunlngchoNguynPhctc,vicmtis
nintrongmtchngsau.
Nitmli,chaingBoivNgnhDimuctitrclchsvdntc.NhngciticaBoildociligyra,cnciticaNg
nhDimthdocicgyra.
Nm1969,mtnmsauttMuThn,khitnhhnhminNambtuivotuytlvTngthngJohnsonmtmviHNimmnchoHa
mBaLvcuvnnitnhmtncMangbrint,khichNguynVnThiuhontonbtlctrongviciungqundnmin
NamikhngviCngSnangcngngycnglnmnh,thtuyvhutrtnm1965vquytnhngngoimisinhhotchnhtr,ti
vntheodithicucvnhnthyrcithmhachnhvnhcatncbnbvcthm.th,cngtrongnm,ngHChMinhmcbnh
mquai,lichtnhctinhnngBoi,ngixydngmtthnghpphpvmtlclngcbnchongiqucgiachng
Cnglcvsauny.Vvy,tibnvitmtbithamlundingtrnnhtbocLpcakgiAnhQunmnidungnhmcnhgicchnh
giiVitNamvvintngngiMsrtkhiVitNamvihqulminNamcthrivotayCngSnHNi.ngthi,ticngnggp
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giiVitNamvvintngngiMsrtkhiVitNamvihqulminNamcthrivotayCngSnHNi.ngthi,ticngnggp
mtssliuvkhaitrinmtsnhnnhvcngvticangBoitrnglingvtrtronglchs,cngnhlylmnhngsuy
nghimchotnhhnhminNamlcbygi,vncnhiuimtngngcbnnhlcPhpgnrtkhiVitNam15nmvtrc.
TikhngngbibocatitrntcLplintayCuHongtiParisvbTCungtiHu.CuThtngBuLc,idinchoCu
Honggimttmthipnglicmntidmnilnmtssthtvnbngitachnvitnhiunmnay,vnhtiemlngvtvit
linhngtrangsthucvnhNguyn,vvCuHongBoivichngminhcngtirrng.ngthicTCungcngphicngAn,i
dinchoNguynPhctcvngTrnQuangVinhmtlnhtCaoi(ngicmthipcangBuLctPhpv),nnhtichuynlicmt
caB.RtnhiunhnvtthucdngdiNguynPhctiSiGnvnhiuaphngcngghnthmtittnhgiaoho(nhngVnhTh
hinHoaKchnghn).
T,ticminthamdnhngbuihihpcngkcThTvccvtintriutitrscaHiNguynPhctcngCngL,ti
ngibitthbngDimtchthuvnaycngThiutrli.Nhvy,ticdplngltmhiuthmvkimimlinhngbincchnhtrlin
hnhaingNgnhDimvBoimtrongnhngthigian,vcntrvvammchbitmtlnhtNgnhDim,tikhng
khnngoanvsngsutthycstht.
Bygi,vitlitheokcnhngktquccktt15nmtrc,trongsthiuthnmisliu,tinhchvitnhnggmnhcnnh
chcchnvchgiihnnhngnhnnhtrongtngquangiahainhnvtBoivNgnhDimmthi.Tuynhin,cmtimticnni
lnylitngthcytivitlichngnykhngcnlccthnhvincadnghNguynPhctcnammrngchothhthanh
ninhinti,trongcngnhngoinc,mongnggpcthmchohnhngsthtvnhngquanimtccpttrc.
KhisosnhngHChMinhvnhnglnhtqucgiatronggiaion,cHongVnChphphnrng:
"CuHongBoimngiPhptiphonglmQuctrngnm1949(vvincuquanliNgnhDim),nhngkmiquccuvinh,nolng
mct,nhngkbtchnhkhngtinochniHChMinh"47.
Liphphn,ngtrnquanimcchmngvpdngnhmtnguyntctinquytchocucutranhcuncktsauthmtrngma
Xunnm1975,thhontonng.Tuyting.
Nhngtnvobicnhca20nmt1945n1965,giaionmbanhnvtHChMinh,BoivNgnhDimnmginhngtrcvn
ngchnhcalchsncta,thtierngliphphncphnqukhtkhechotrnghpcavuaBoi.
T1945n1954,chngtacnhiunhcchmngutranhchngcPhplnCngnhngkhngmtailc,thvthivnng
ctondnkhiphtcuccchmngc.VtrccnbodcacucchintranhPhpCng,trongngbnnhcamttriunhllo
dichboh,ngBoitracngvunxicmtcnhsenmuvngbasclmtimchonhngthnhphnchngCng,
lmcnbnchominNamVitNamsaunyccstiptcchngliminBcCngSn.iubthnhththmnhtchodntclngitha
hngcnhsen,ngNgnhDim,liphongkinnhvuavctinhCngSnnnmi"khngtinochliHChMinh".
ChQucGiamchngtasdnghmnay,ngnCVngBaScmchngtacndnghmnayquthtthucvlchsvdntc.Nhng
nuncncduytrnhmtbiutnglchscnthittmthichocucutranhgiiphngtnchinti,thhnngoicigitrthii
khngchicican,tacngnnsuynghimmtcchlngthinvngnhnvcgitrcamtvvuamthmcayngmangtingb
nhnkhaisinhvnuidngntrongnhngthngngychpchngnonntutin.
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nhnkhaisinhvnuidngntrongnhngthngngychpchngnonntutin.
1 JosephButtinger,VietnamAPoliticalHistory,tr.408,409.
2 FrancisY.Corley,VietnamSinceGenevaTalk,trongnguytsanForeignAffairs(s131nm1958),tr.546.
3 EdwardLansdale,IntheMidstofWar,tr.307,308.
4 BnnguytsanVitNamHiNgoi(S164ngy1385),tr.87,88.
5 NguytsanThanhNinHnhng(s1ngy11085),tr.19.
6 PhmVnSn,VitSTnBin,tr.596.
7 CharlesMaybon,HistoireModerneduPaysdAnnam,(doThngTaThchNhtHnhtrchinlitrong"Vietnam:LotusInASeaOfFire",tr.16)
vvmtsliuxinxemthm"StayVnhaVitNam"(NXBVnHa,HNi),tr.135,137.
8 LChnhTrung,TnGiovDnTc,tr.74,75.
9 LChnhTrung,TnGiovDnTc,tr.78.
10 EtienneVcHnh,LaPlaceDuCatholicismeDansLesRelationsEntreLaFranceEtLeVietnamde18511870(TomeI),tr.260,261.
11 ThiVnKim,tVitTriNam,tr.540,542vschVuaDuyTncaHongTrngThc.
12 HongTrngThc,TinhThnTroPhngtrongThiCaXHu,tr.316.
14 NguynVnXun,PhongTroDuyTn,tr.23,24.
15 LchSoThinChaVitNam,tr.4.
16 LchSoThinChaVitNam,tr.5.
17 TrnTrngKim,MtCnGiBi,tr.49.
18 Boi,LeDragondAnnam,tr.114,115.
19 TrnTng,Binc11111960,tr.277.
21 JosephButtinger,Vietnam,APoliticalHistory,tr.304,305.
23 RobertShaplen,TheCultOfDiem,trongtunboTheNewYorker(sngy14572).
24 TliucangThiVnKimgichotcgingy441978vtheolikcanhiublohuynLThy,tnhQungBnh.
26 PhmVnSn,VitSTonTh,tr.684.
29 CharlesMaybon,HistoireModerneduPaysdAnnam.
30 MalachiMartin,TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanChurch,tr.26.
135/611
10/28/2016
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
MalachiMartin,TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanChurch,tr.57.
ThiVnKim,tVitTriNam,tr.489.
NguynThAnh,VitNamThiPhpH,tr.339342vschLeDragondAnnam,Boi,tr.58,59.
MalachiMartin,TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanChurch.
PhanKhoang,VitNamPhpThucS,tr.404(VittheoJeanChesneautrong"ContributionlHistoireduVietnam"vNotesdu1371887ca
cuTonquynLanessan"IndochineFrancaise",Paris1889,ArchivesduMinistredelaFrancedOutreMertronglunntinscaCaoHuy
Thun,ihcSorbonne,Paris).
oTrinhNht,PhannhPhng,trongbnnguytsanVitNamHiNgoi(s141),tr.109111.
Boi,LeDragondAnnam,vschNhngNgyChaQuncaonThm,tr.171,172.
MichaelMcClear,TheTenThousandDayWar,tr.62.
JosephButtinger,VietnamAPoliticalHistory,tr.414.
onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,tr.236.
StanleyKarnow,VietnamAHistory,tr.218.
ArchimedesL.Patti,WhyVietnam?tr.395,396,397.
Danhschnhngnhnvtchnhtr,cchmngtntuihptcviBoicktrongLeDragondAnnam.(Danhschnicc).
ThngHongngTiugichotcgi.
TrnTng,Binc11111960,tr.109.
LNguynLong,BtcDKhingTroTn,trongboKhaiPhng(s7),tr.38.
HongVnCh,TThcDnnCngSn,tr.58,59.
Chng7
Chgianhtr
KhicpnthnthvsnghipcachsPhannhPhng,ngitribaokhnkhcayngkhngPhptrckhittitcvinhdanh
trnbngvngbiacalchsncnh,hcgioTrinhNhtcgitmtttngcaMnhTnhnnhrng:"Nhngml
thngxanay,Trimunspgiaophmtviclnlaohtrngchoai,baogitrchtcnghnhhngiyphiikhtkhs,gpton
nhngbckhnnnguyhim,inuritrthtnonchchnshay.ThnthcPhantrongcnh".1
ChnlphtxuttnhnsinhquanngPhngvnhMnhvcichiuchtchviqutrnhlchscancta,manhhnglit
ntuytiaslnhngvxthnnmgainmmtbovsnhxtc.TrnghpngDimtngyciotquanvotuitrungnin,
cngtriquamtshonnn.KhithphitrntrongshinbinhNhtBn,khithbVitMinhqunthcnirngThiNguyn,vtrckhilm
ThtnglnhochnhquynminNamcnphilnhrancngignnmnmtri.Nhngttcnhnggiantrunchvaxy
dngchongciuytnvhuynthoichochnhquynMquytnhymtrngtrongchnnmbobtmthinutasosnhvinhnggian
truncaccanhhnglitnkhccadntcmtntuivhnhbngmimilnhngngnlaoaihngvtkhnggianvthigiasoisng
dngsVit,mmuxngthmthuvoquhngsnhgmvc.
136/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CcsgiaxemthnhcngcangDimlhquchnhtrttyucamuthunquynliPhpM.NgidnVitbnhthngthchorngng
Dimbcvovnsttnhhtcnbccnthithilai.RingngDimvmtthiuscngsvinCnggiolcbygi(nhtlsauvmu
sttiBanMThutnm1957)thlitinrngTri(dcgilChahayThngnhngvnthngdngcu"xinThngbanphc
lnhchochngta"cuimibidinvn)banphplnhchongvtraolichongvgianhngcismngtolnvthinglinglnho
minNamVitNam.NimtinvactnhcchhuynbtngiovachayquannimThinMnhqunchchomisuytvquytnh
chnhtrcangsutthiknglmTngthng.Vcngchnhnimtinthnbchcnchxydngnnnhngctnhtmlningvgia
nhngkhinchochsaubnhndngnchohaich"Ngtriu"xuxa.
Nimtin,ngaytnhngngythngutinngnmchnhquynchuncbngmtskinthinglingclinhngianhng.l
vicgiatcNgnhtmcxccachaconngNgnhKhimsauhnminmtritnnhiucngcatmkimvnkhngtckt
qu.Nguynnm1944,saukhingDimbPhpbthttrnvoSiGnthngianhrutcanganglmTngcQungNamlngNg
nhKhibngiPhpvThngthPhmQunhbtphivhu.KhiVitMinhcpchnhquyn,hktticngNgnhKhilnngPhm
QunhvohngiVitgianphnqucvbtemimttch.CngbbtvingKhicncngicontraicnhtlNgnhHuntnggi
chcThanhtraLaongcachbohPhp.NgnhHunbbtvtivalmtaysaichoPhpvalcngtcvinclcchoHinbinh
NhtBnthiquniThinHongchimngVitNam.CngitngthyVitMinhpgiichaconngKhivngQunhrigitinhng
khngbitchnnino.Nm1955,nhcchnhquyntrongtay,ngNgnhCnbnthitlpmththngcnbrnglnctrchitm
kimxcngithnvcuicngthtmctiaphnhuynPhongintnhThaThintrongmtcihchnchungvinhiungi,trong
ccxcngPhmQunh.Thtltrtru:ngQunhvngKhikhicnsnglhaikthkhngitrichungmkhichtththnxclicngvi
chungmth.XcngQunhcnhchctrchqunPhongintraolichothnnhnvcchnctmtcchkhimtnnhmtanghng
dnd.TronglcxcngNgnhKhi,nhcemanglmThtngnntanglcchnhvcngtrngthynghithcquctng:
ctonbnhnvincaocpchnhphthamd,cqunnhndnchothuynPhonginvnnghatranghNgtiPhCam(Hu),cquc
kphquanti,cqunibngsngtheohtngihaibnlinhcu,vcqunnhctribiquccavHnTS.ngVNhNguyn,mtcng
svincangNgnhDimvcnglmtngchcakvit,ccgichctrngnamcangNgnhKhi,cngimrm,mco
sgu,cmgytreitheolinhcu.(ngVNhNguynhinM)
ividntcvlchsthngNgnhKhichlmtcuquanlicachbohvtriunhmcnt,nhnganhemngDimlibtnhn
dncoianhrutmnhnhmtnhiquchysinhchotncnnchnhtanglchongKhinhlquctngcamtvanhhng.C
nhnTngthngvgiatcTngthngbngtrthnhmttrongquannimphongkin"mtngilmquan,chcnh",vgiatcTngthng
vqucgiadntcbngtrthnhmttrongquannimphndnch"lnholdoThinMnhtraoquyn".
ngNgnhKhituychlmtquanlithithcdnphongkinbVitMinhlnnphnqucvcngDimlmlquctng,thmanh
emngDimvnchahilngcnmuntnvinhanhmnhlnhngdanhnhnvicalchs.HlytncangKhitchoconnglnni
linthSiGnviphitrngquctTnSnNht.NgoiraanhemhcnmunitntrngtrunghcKhinhHuthnhtrngNgnh
Kh.Thtravicxabtn"Khinh"lmtviclmhulvngKhinhlmtvvuaVitgian,nhngxabtncavuaKhinhmlithay
votncangNgnhKh,mtvquanlicaPhp,thqulmtviclmkhinhthnhndn.Trongmcchtnvinhchamnh,anhemhNg
nhladiqucdnbngcchphaotinrngchnhchamnhlngisnglprangitrngtrunghc,nhngclvcnhiubctrng
thngvtrthccHubitrsthtlkhngngnhtuyntruynnnanhemngDimnhphibnhvriitntrngt
KhinhraQucHc.(XinlurngtrongcucmlunvikgiRobertShaplen,ngDimnirtnhiunsnghipvthnthcacNg
nhKhthmngkhnghcpnchuyncKhlngixydngtrngQucHcHucPhpttnltrngKhinh.Trili
theo"VitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh"caChnho(s..d.,tr.304)thngNgnhKhtheongNguynThninhphongtroVnThnca
cPhannhPhngvngHTnhNghAn.Nmsaukhihon,cclmPhgimctrngQucHc,trckhicthngchcTng
qunCmThnh).
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Sausvinhdanhchongianhtrngkhut,dnhinngDimbtulnngichonhngngicnsngtronggianh.
ngNgnhThc,ngianhtraithnh,tkhingKhicht,cgianhtnknhtheoquannim"quynhuynhthph".ngNgnhThcl
vGimmcthmnincahnggiophmanggichcTnggimmccaGiohiCnggioVitNam.Mcdkhnggimtchcvchnh
thcnotrongchnhquyn,nhngviavanhtrngtronggianh,viavTnggimmccaGiohi,licccem,nhtlTngthng
DimcungknhvvnglinnngThctrthnhmtthticaocvncach.TagimmcVnhLong,vsaunyTagimmcHu,ni
ngThccaiqunbngtrthnhmtthtriunhsiuvngqucviymiquynlclmchochnhngNhucngphithanphinvimt
linhmcthntnkhithyccvinchccaocpcacbangnhhnhphp,lpphpvtphpchmchncungknhcucnhcCha.Gim
mcNgnhThc,trongcngv,vvicungcchcanhngvinchctrongvngoichnhquynnhth,lttnhinnhiulntrnln
gioquynvthquynlmmtdnhdvonhngquytnhquantrngcasinhhotqucgiakhngkhcgGiohongBonifaceVIIIvongy
18111302sngsngtuynb"...chaiquynlcnyunmtrongtayvGiochLaM".2
NgaytitnhVnhLong,ngttnmnhchoillnnhtcathxnynningibnthncagianhlCHunhMinhcngphich
trch.3
ngNgnhNhulmtDnbiuQuchikhngbaogibitndnchngniaphngmnhrangc,khngbaogibcchnntanh
LpPhpthamdsinhhotnghtrngvlmtrchnhimdnc,mchngitidinhTngthngrachthchoQuchilmluttheoca
anhemngta.ThcquynnhthnhngngNgnhNhuvncncchcDnbiucllchiukhinvkimsotQuchichochnh
danh,nhngthtrachnhcichcv"CvnChnhtr"cangbncnhTngthngNgnhDimmithtslbnocach,nikhaisanh
viukhinttcmischlccaqucgia.Vicibngoikhnkho,tnhvkno,ngtraphctngngianhTngthng,nhngquyn
hnhthcslinmtrongtayCvnChnhtrNgnhNhu.iucbitcachCnghaNgnhDimlchcCvnChnhtrcang
NgnhNhulikhngphilmtchcvchnhthccachnhquynnhchccvnccngkhaihavquychhacaccvlnhocc
ncdnchtrnthgii.ngNhuvgianhngtatrongdinhTngthng,ngcvnphngring,nggipvicchoTngthngribngnhin
ngitrongdinhgingl"cvn".Lixnghlanrngrangoirinhndn,boch,ngingoiqucuginglcvn,mtcvnkhng
chnhdanhmlinmtrnquynhnhqucgiatrongtay.
BNgnhNhu,nhdanhlTrnthLXun,cnglmtDnbiuQuchi,bcncngitaxngtngl"nhtphunhn".Khngbit
danht"nhtphunhn"xuthintuvtkhino,mriboch,iphtthanh,phimthiscaccrpchpbngugibNhul"
nhtphunhn".Docncphigiblnhtphunhn,ddanhttrongtruynthngsdngngnngVitNamkhngcchnhxc
vngTngthnglngicthn.Tuyhilngvitchiunyvbchabaogitbtmnhayralnhcmon,nhngbNhuvncha
lythlmthamn.Danhxng"nhtPhunhn"cnbtribuctrongmtchv,trongtnglaixaxm,cncthcnhiunhtphu
nhnkhc,chonnbNhucnmunixahnvcaohncgil"BNg",nhlchstngvinhdanhccBTrng,BTriu.
TheongNguynThi,cuTnggimcVitTnX,clnbNhuralnhchongphighidanhxng"BNg"trnccbnthngtincac
quanVitTnXnhngngThitchivlmnhthtrnmtlunlscshiulmvcngtaihi.VothngSunm1961,khingbNg
nhNhuivingthmMaroc,thngcochnhthccaBNgoigiaogibNhul"BNg" 4.CngtheongNguynThithbNhulbmt
thenchtcachnhquyn(akeyfigureintheDiemregime).Khngcnphididng,cnhnvicbtaaraLutGianhbdlunvngayc
nhiuDnbiuphniquytlitmTngthngDimcngnhngNgnhNhuutntnhbnhvc,cngnilnuyquyntolncaB.Li
hynhnhailnidhinghLinhipNghsQuctRomevRiodeJaneiro,mcdkhngphiltrngphion,btavnginhlyquyn
nni.ngPhmvnNhuvalChtchQuchivalTrngphionnhchbitnginghe 5.UyquyntolncabNhucncbiul
rrthnvodplHaiBTrnghngnm.ycnglngylPhnVitNamvctchcvcnglongtrngticngtrngMLinhbn
138/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
rrthnvodplHaiBTrnghngnm.ycnglngylPhnVitNamvctchcvcnglongtrngticngtrngMLinhbn
Bchng,dobNgnhNhuchta.Chtalny,bNhucminghithctrngthnhtdnhchomtvnguynthqucgiatrongbuil
quckhnhdoTngthngDimchta,tr21phtibc,cngvthmdnchngmimamairngVitNamchaingyQucKhnh.6
ngNgnhCn,txngl"CvnLnhocconthChnhtrminTrungvminCaoNguyn".Trnthct,nglvchatchaimin
vngnmhtmiquynhnhnhtlquynbnhimnhns,cnccibiuchnhphvTnhtrngchlnhngvinchcthahnhmnh
lnhcangmthi.ngNgnhCncnhndnVitNamvschs,bochqucttngchohndanhl"LnhchaminTrung",iu
cngnilnciuyquynsinhstcangtari.
ngNgnhLuynlngiemtraicht,vonm1955,lmislungtiuChu.ThtralcbygingLuynVitNamnhiuhnu
ChuvngDimcnngtabncnhcngloiphvinhngkhkhncathicuc,nhngchngiqucnicatngNguynvnHinh,
Bnh Xuyn... Sau khi trut ph Bo i xong, phn v s bt ng chnh kin gia hai ng Nhu v Luyn, phn thTng thng Dim mun c mt
ngirutthtuChunnngLuynccgichcisVitNamtiAnhQuc.Vvy,trckhilymtquytnhngoigiaoquantrngi
vibtkmtqucgianouChuvBcPhi,ngDimcngthngthamkhokintrcvingLuyn.TngLuyntrthnhmtth
siuismccvisVitNamtiuChuvBcPhiphinsvvngli.
VtrnghpcangNgnhLuyn,HillaireduBerrieraranhsngmtbnlchsvonm1955nhsauy:
ThtrachcislungtiuChukhngcnthitkhimVitNamcmtngistvnphngtis47bisngKleberParis,ni
mislungNgnhLuyncngtvnphng.NhngngDimphitrachcislunguChu,tratronglctnhhnhSi
Gnvcngcngthng,lctkpthiphingLuynnytkinBoixinBoimtlituynbtnnhimngDimtrckhisbttn
nhimcacBoilnisCollinstiSiGnncBNgoigiaoHoaK.7
QungvilitrnhbycaBerriervsaukhivuaBoibtrutph,isCollinsbtriuhivM,chcislungtiuChucngc
bib,ngLuynccgichcisVitNamCngHatiAnhQucnhtitrnhbytrongontrn.
BNgthHongtclbCL,emgicaTngthngDimchlmtnhthukhonnhnglilmtthTrmthukhon.Nhnhhngvuy
quyncaanhem,ttcnhngvuthulnuvtaybta.NhngnhthuithmuncnhtranhccdchvuthutiminTrungub
ngNgnhCnkhngbgiamcmhocplcnntngngngu,dobCLcoinhcquyntrongmidchvuthuln.BC
LchcmtngicongitnlKimAnhcgchongTrnTrungDung,BtrngBQucphng,vthmcdubCLkhngcmtchc
tcnoccngvnclnngivalemTngthng,valnhcmucamtBtrngquynth.
ngNguynHuChulchngbTrnthLChi,chrutcabNgnhNhu.ngNguynHuChugichcBtrngBPhtngthngkim
BtrngBNiv.
ngTrnvnChng,luts,lnhcphcangNgnhNhugichcisVitNamCngHatiHoaKmvldolinhchtchvsinh
tcahaiqucgia,chcvisVitNamtiMlmtchcvquantrngvohngsiuis.CnbTrnvnChngthgichc"Quanst
vin"caVitNamCngHatiLinHipQuc.
NgoinhngnhnvtbconningoicagianhhNgtrnyginhngavthenchttronggungmylnhoqucgiainicngnh
ingoi,cncnhngnhnvttuyboch,schskhngmycpntntui,vtuyhkhngmangmtchctcnonhnghvnc
quynsinhstlmrunsnhiungi,kcnhngvinchccaocptrongchnhquynvquni.TiSiGnvNamPhnthclutsTrn
139/611
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quynsinhstlmrunsnhiungi,kcnhngvinchccaocptrongchnhquynvquni.TiSiGnvNamPhnthclutsTrn
vnKhim,emrutbNhu,mtcngtchibingimchuyndathchrutlmtinnhngthnggiagiuc 8.GiitrthcminNam
gingTrnvnKhiml"lutskhng"vtnhtnhbtthngvlihnhxnakhnnadicngnhtnhkhoekhoangphchliqucang
ta.TngthngDimrtghtngTrnvnKhimnhngvomaThunm1963,KhimcanhchlvchngNgnhNhucgichcGim
cNhaNghincuChnhtrthaythBcsTrnKimTuynbhtngcngtc,iilmTnglnhstiAiCptlitkhnngchngica
BcsTuyncthnguyhimchoch.
TiHuvminTrungcmLuyn,mtngibcontronghNgnh,lmgianhnhuhthnmuTngthngDimtthicntr.Mcduc
chngvba,bnngicon,nhngmLuynkhngringlicngchngvconchungvingNgnhCntrongnhtiPhCam.Tngyng
Dimcmquyn,ngitakhngcndmgiMLuynlMnamgilB.Dkhngcmtchcvnongoinhimvqungianhngnh
sngcnklnhchaNgnhCnm"B"tacquynsinhst,mttingnica"B"LuynvingCncnglmchonhiungilnvoi
xungch.VinchcchnhquyncngnhquniminTrungphicungknh,shi,nnhht,b"B"Luyncngcngmcnhivi
ngNgnhCn.DlundnchngHumamaigimLuynbngcihndanh"nhtphunhn"caminTrung.
NitmliVitNamlmtncCnghanhngquaHinphp(scphntchmtchngsau)vquathct,ngitathyngDimkhng
philmtTngthngdodnbucmungnhhnhphpmlmtvvuacathiphongkinvbconanhemngtaul"Hongthn
Qucthch",thHongthnQucthchcquynhnhnmhtrngmiqucgia.VthnhndnVitNamvbochquctnnglichtrch
chNgnhDimvgichylch"gianhtr",mtthhnhdungtsuscvmnhtmtrminginchcnnibating
ylngitabitngayninchno.
Nhngch"gianhtr"NgnhDimkhngphichngnglisvictonthbcon,anhem,dur,ningoi(vcmLuyn,mtngi
gipvicnh)nmtonquynlnhotnc,nmtrnquynsinhstnhndn,nmtrntinguynqucgiamchangcntbindn
trthnhmttriuivuachanhcctriuiinh,L,L,Trn,Nguyn...BivngoichuynqucgiahalBnMngTngthngDimm
ngonThm(trong"HaiMiNmQua")thiainghnhvy,chidnnvictchc"ybanNhndnlkhnhthlctun"
caTngthngDim,lutinctchcvongy28121960(8ngysaukhiMttrnGiiphngminNamrai).Hnna,thnghilvua
chacngkhngngnglichdnhringchongTngthngmngitacnixahnbngcchtchcl"CuTunKhnhTh"chob
NgnhKh,mcaTngthng(ngy1891961).Nhiuidincconth,nhiunhnvtcaocpcachnhquynphivHudngli
chcmngln"ThiT"tronglcBNivchnhthctchcLTntiVngCungThnhngtiSiGn.
Cnnghinggna:anhemngDimangsasonmtsnghithc,mtsdanht,sasondlunhonchuyntchCnghatr
thnhchqunchvchingyngDimtcvngquanglnngiHong.MnukhngthtnhtngDimcngtrthnhmtth
"Tng"nhngonThmmamai.
DsaothNgtriuanglmsnglinhnglnghicaNguyntriuchnghnnh"LKhnhThTTun"cavuaKhinh,anglmsngli
haiting"cT"dnhchomvuaBoimthigianchaluxanhatmtrnhngian.iungnilmvuaBoituycxng
tngl"cT"nhngBlikhngcconb(mtvQuctrng)vchnhphcaconBdnhchonhngvinhdqulnlaonh"ThiT"m
caanhemnhhNgnh.
*****
Tuynhintrongnhngnmutincach,khimthicucvachuyniquamtgiaionmivinimtinvotnglaimnglclhy
vngtondncngvichnhquynbttayvovicxydngtnc,thnhngcmnhncaqunchngvchnhsch"gianhtr"ddng
140/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vngtondncngvichnhquynbttayvovicxydngtnc,thnhngcmnhncaqunchngvchnhsch"gianhtr"ddng
cthathnhnhngthnhqungonmcmchthchinc:
Trchtlvicchuynchvnhcchohn860.000ngidictrongcgn700.000ngiCnggio.VicchuynchngidictBc
voNamckhochvsdngphngtinchuynchcaPhpvM,cnvicnhcthhontonchdotinvintrcaMith.Cng
cucnhcsdhonthnhmauchngvttplmtphnnhngDimdnhnhngvngtmumrnglnchodndic.Vdnhng
DimlytCiSnmumcpphtcho45.000nngdnlybbinBnhTuyvoPhQuc,nhngninitingnhiuhisnchodn
chililyLongKhnh,nhQun,GiaKim,HNaichodnkhaithclmsnvlmmc,lyBanMThutvCaoNguynvngtph
nhiuchodntrngtrthoamuxutcnglyvngNgBangT,TnBnh,GVpchungquanhSiGnchodnthngmivkngh...
NhtinbcdidocaM,nhchnhquyndnhchomisddng,nhTngthngDimchtmnng,chngbaolungidndicmin
BchinhpddngvocucsngcadnminNammtrchcoilvngtxal.Vcngchngbaolu,isngdndicitn
nhntrphcnhncdnaphng.Cngcucnhcmauchngvttpchohn700.000ngiCnggiodiclmchoccquc
giatrnthgiinhtlHoaKphikhmphc.MtbcstrcaHiqunM,ngTomDooley,mtnhnvtrtmoThinChatngthamgia
vovicchuynchngiBcdicvoNam,nhnthytinhthnchngCngcaocangiThinChagioVitNamtnhnguynlimin
Namthchinnhiucngcucnhno,vitschcangicngtrnhdicvnhclmchonhndnMcngthmknhphcTngthngNg
nhDim.
ylmtthnhcnglnvmtxhicachnhquynchtrmtiultrnmtchnhtr,vmtkhacnhno,schnlavoNamca
gnmttriungiminBcnglphiccoinhlmtschnlachnhtrcaqunchnggiatdovCngsnth,vsvngvtrong
chnhsch,trthnhmtslachnchcamtkhilngThinChagio,nghalgiahuthnvvthn.Do,nglbinccth
tonnnhiuuythdngmnhchochnhnghacaminNam,thnlibgiihnrtnhiuvomtbphnthiuscacngngdntc.l
chaninnhngtchichnhtrvnhnvngyradosvngvny.
Trongnhngnm195556,ngoicngcucnhcchodnCnggiominBc,nhiucicchxhicngnhnhngbincchnhtrttpkhc
cnglmtngthmuytncangDim:
Ngy15thng2nm1955,ngDimralnhngcasngbcKimChungiThGiicaByVin.
Ngy23thng10nm1955,ngDimtchcTrngcuDn,trutphvuaBoi.
Ngy1thng12nm1955,ngDimralnhngcaxmBnhKhang,nibunbnmidmcngkhaidongByVinli,ngthiralnh
cmhtvcmbunbnthucphinlnhmnhhanhndnminNam.Mtchindchtbnnhpdnvalmgngchodnchng
valmchongingoiqucknhnch.
Ngy4thng4nm1956,chnhphbtngngBoTon,TnggimcThngmiBKinhtvtibngochen(nhngsaunymi
bitylmtvdongNgnhCnbtngTonlmvttthn).
Ngy28thng4nm1956,qunivinchinhPhpxungtuvnc.
Ngy13thng7nm1956,xttngBaCt,mtvlnhtnghaqunHaHo,chmdttnhtrngmtnnhtiminTyNamphn.
Ngy20thng7nm1956,doskhuynkhchvhtrcaHoaK,TngthngDimbcbvictngtuynchaimintheoquynhcaHip
cGenve.
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cGenve.
Ngy21thng8nm1956,chnhphbtngVnhavngbnvtibinthmytriubccaNgnhngQucgia.
Ngy26thng10nm1956,ngDimtuynbthnhlpnnCngha.
Ttcnhngthnhcngtronghainmucachcxemnhlktqucanhngnlccamtchnhquyntuycnyukmvmtqun
trnhnglicmtsquyttmcngtccatondn.Tuynhinnhngnlcny,tnvnuchringn,cngchahonthnhvic
cngcminNamnukhngcsymtrtiavviukincaHoaKmcbitlcabangiMtnglinhchtchvingDimt
trc.lmtvHngy,mtgioscucxhigcngiovmtnhnvtcaocpCIA,banhnvt(tu)honcicquannim
caTngthngEisenhowervnmunbriVitNam 9.VHngylngSpellman,vgioslngButtingervnhnvinCIA,aicngbit,l
ngLansdale.
TrongbanhnvtthitLansdalengvaitrcvntrctipbncnhTngthngDim.ngtanitingnkhngmtnhvitsno
khininsnghipcangDimmkhngnhcnthnthvhotngcangta.itLansdalenngDngtnm1954,lmcvn
phndukchchoqunivinchinhPhp.VothngSunm1954,trctnhhnhkhntrngcaVitNam,LansdalecNgoitrngFoster
DullesphinBcVitiunghintnhhnhvtcngtcyaLansdaletrthnhbnthnvcvncangDim,gipngDimtr
thnhTngthngVitNamCngHa.Donhiuschs,bochMgiLansdalel"Ktonnnhngngvua"(TheKingsmaker).
LchsdntcVitchaithikmnhlnhoVitNamcngiuMtrctipvcngkhailmcvn,lmqunscbit,lthikcha
NguynnhngTrongvthikminNamviTngthngNgnhDim.
Thtvy,GimmcPigneaudeBhainengiPhptrongsutminmvichaNguynnhthcslmtThngthBBinhvBNgoi
giao,mngyquncckinh,lodchbinhth,logiaothipviPhpvccnclnbang,lochtrhinghccsquanPhpgiiquytvicqun
s,gipchaNguynnhgiivythnhQuyNhn.PigneaunggpchochaNguynnhphncnglaotolntrongvicbpcnh
NguynTySnsaunychaNguynnhthngnhtxs.10
MinNamVitNamvonhngnm1954,55,56trcnhngkhkhnvnguyhimmngDimtnglkhlngvtquac(nning
Dimchnnnnhbncraivocuinm1954)chnhnhngEdwardLansdalelmcvngiptntnh,ngDimchuynbithnh
thng.Khngcvnchnhtr,quns,xhinomkhngckincangLansdale.Hngngy,ngLansdalevodinhcLpgpgng
Dimtholunvnghkhoch,ngcngtnggingDiml"Papa",skinnynilnmithmtnhthmthitgiangLansdalev
ngDimcngnhxcnhvaitrticnthitvtiquantrngcangLansdaleivingDim.
KhngnhngchcnthitvquantrngmuythcaitLansdalecntolnnclncngkhaitotingchtrchngDim(lmthnh
ng"phmthng"nngnnulmtngiVitNamkhc)khingDimcnhnglilkhinhthngtngcchmngTrnhMinhTh.11
rtnhiulnngDimtraloutrcnhngquytnhcaHoaThnhncvmunchmdtsnghcaHoaKthchnhLansdale
nhinvBNgoigiaotrctipthmdvcanthipviNgoitrngFosterDulles.Khinmcmidkintchcctrongtay,Lansdale
lingpngDimbomrngchnhschcaHoaKkhngthayivkhchlngDimhycanmmtiptccmquyn.
TrongthigianngDimbccgiophi,BnhXuyn,vtngNguynvnHinhchngi,LansdalevtinbccaMlikocmts
tngtgiophivvingDimvgycschiartronghngngchngingDim,cngcavchongtavangtanthng
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tngtgiophivvingDimvgycschiartronghngngchngingDim,cngcavchongtavangtanthng
licuicng.ngthivivicnnhtnhhnhminNam,LansdalethitnhchongDimnhngkhochtrongvictipthuccvngBnh
nhvCMudoVitMinhli.LansdalegipngDimthnhlpcquanCngdnvgmthanhninoenvthnqugipngboti
toisngmi.ngtacnkhmphravgiithiuvingDimvtrngcquancyCngdnvlngKiuCngCung.Lansdalecng
gipchongDimtchchiCuChinBinhvnhphthnhThngNhtngDimcmthuthunvngchcgmnhngngitngcm
sng chng li Cng sn. Lansdale li cn a mt phi on Phi Lut Tn qua Vit Nam trong chng trnh y t gi l "chin dch huynh "
(OperationBrotherhood)...gipdnquVitNamhngvmtisngtinbhn.
NgoiLansdaleracncgiosButtinger,giosFishelvmtsngiMkhcgipngDimvnhngphngtinkinht,giodctosphn
thnhchominNam.HgipngDimbnhtrngVinihcSiGn,thitlpVinihcHu,mtrngQucgiaHnhchnh,trng
NngLmSc,trngKThutPhTh...mccnhmythanNngSn,nhmyximngHTin,nhmyngHipHa,cccskngh
bngvi,vechai...tocngnviclmchodnlaongmmangkinhtchominNam...
NgiMcnggipngDimtitolihthngngs,bitrnnmch,thitlpchngtrnhytnngthn,ogingchodnqu,vthnh
lpnhngixtthucDDTbitrnnstrt.
NuchngtakhngphnhncquyttmcatondnvcachnhquynnhmmauchngvvngvngxydngmtminNamhisinh
thchngtacngkhngthphnhncchnhngiM,trnttcmimt,ymtrchochngtahonthnhcnguyn.Nhn,ti,vt,
lcchyvominNamkhngngingh.Chnhsch,khoch,phngtin,tichnhvominNamkhnggiihn.
Vsau10nmtrichintranhlylon(19451955)trongkhungcnhhabnhanlnhvvimtvintngphnvinhtrcmt,dnminNam
cmthycucimnohnvtnglaitisnghn.
Cngtrongnhngnmucach,vmtingoi,ngDimgycnhiuuythtoln.Nhiuqucgiathuckhiphilinktcngnhn
VitNamCngHa,mchuynvingthmcangUNu(ThtngMinin)ngy11thng11nm1956lmtbnghngvcngqugicho
chngDim.CaoMinvncoiVitNamlkthtruynkipthmnayphikingnVitNamCngHa,cnLothktthnviVitNamlm
anhemdavonhautheocithmihrnglnh.
Trongbanmu,tntuingDimvanglngtrntrngquctnhnhngcuccngduthmvingccqucgianhn,ThiLan,TrungHoa
DnQuc,iHn.cbitngctaBchcmivingthmchnhthcncMngy4thng4nm1957.Ngclinhiuchnhkhchv
lnhtqucttntuinhNgoitrngDullesncM,NgoitrngCouvedeMurvillecaPhp,ngPinaycuThtngPhp,TngthngL
ThaVncaiHn,PhtngthngTrnThnhcaTrungHoaDnQuccngnvingthmVitNam.
ChonmaXunnm1959,mcdVitcnghotngmnhkhintnhhnhanninhnngthnbtunglonginhngdanhtingca
TngthngNgnhDimvncnsngchinhnhngquanhcbitviTathnhLaMVaticanvqucgian,mtncangcnhn
vinlmChtchyhiQuctKimsotnhchintiVitNam.Ngy16thng2nm1959,cHngyAgagianian,idincGiohongn
SiGnchtal300nmthnhlpGiohiCnggioVitNamvtnvinhnhthcBSiGnlnhngVngCungThnhng.Trong
nhngngycHngycmttiVitNamvinhngbuilngoitri,ccaTathnhchenlnvicqucgiatungbaytrccngvindinhc
LpvkhpmitnhthtonnmtkhungcnhnonhitrnrkhpminNam.Ngy18thng3nm1959,TngthngnlngPrasadving
thmVitNammlinSiGntrcriminHNisau,gythmvinhdvthochochNgnhDim.Ngy7thng8,conngxe
laxuynVitnilinngHviSiGnckhnhthnhtrngthcngtonncnhthanhbnhchotnc.
Nhvy,ktkhihipnhGenveraichiaitncringDimvchpchnh,tainghrngngDimcthvtthngcnhngkh
143/611
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Nhvy,ktkhihipnhGenveraichiaitncringDimvchpchnh,tainghrngngDimcthvtthngcnhngkh
khn,tainghrngchcthtntiludi.NhngminNamngvng,hisinh.VngDimduytrcchbclni
vinhquang.BochtrongvngoinccatngngDimlngihngcavngngNamvTngthngEisenhowergingDiml"ngi
caphpl"(themiracleman).
NhngbthnhthaychodntcVitNam!Bctranhmuscrcrtrnychnhcirnghngcamtchiutrinngquitrongbuitnthu,v
chungquanhrnghng,myenbtuvnvbohiumtcngingthihngspxyra.ChnhitLansdale,ngilcquannhtv
nmvngtnhhnhkhr,cngbtunhnthynhiuhintngbtnchoch.ngthysraicangCnLao,ngthycung
cchlnhoctn,cticaanhemngDim,ngngheninnhngcucibtngibanmcacnbngCnLao,chngkin
vicbtbthtiunhngngiqucgiailp...TrckhitgiVitNamvMvocuinm1956,ngLansdaleemtmtnhkhuynbo
TngthngDimnnnoigngTngthngWashingtonngtrnvngngoimitranhchptngiovngphicuncvtrthnh"v
chagidntc".Nhngthani!NhnglikhuynchtnhcangLansdaletheogimbayvM,lisaulngmtchngycngisu
votilimchnhngcngbanhemngDimphphngqunhtcngn...Cuinm1955,khimiedavmihimnghoquari,Thiu
tngTrnvnnkhngthyngLansdalengyngybncnhTngthngDimna,bnhildothcngDimtrli:"LansdaleCIAqu,
noqu.Trongchnhtr,khngcchchotnhcm"12.ThlsautngTrnhMinhThnitLansdalebqunn.
Chnhvquannim"trongchnhtrkhngcchchotnhcm"ny,nghalkhngmxanbnvconngitrongmttritlhnhngnhntr,
msauny,ktnhngnm60,chgianhtrcangDimivoconngbotrboqun.Nhnglchuynvsau,vtrongnhngnm
uchpchnh,khimmenquynlccnchalmsaysacplnho...thquthtlngdnuthtvongDimnimtintrnvn.Th
hinrrngnhtlchuynvingthmlnthnh4tnhminNamTrungVit,niaphngDuynHimtianglTlnhvothng9nm
1955.
*****
TrckhingDimriSiGn,ngVvnHigicnginchotithngboltrnhkinhlgmtrchtltnhPhYnkhnhthnhp
ngCam,saungsthmbatnhKhnhHa,NinhThun,vBnhThun.NgoiraHicngimtlthringnghtitchcthttrngth
vthtcnghachuynkinhlnyv"knyngCithmdncncNgoigiaoonvmtsngbochquctthptng".
Munbuiltrnn"trngthvcngha"ththeotikhngccchnohayhnlbiudngcnimtinmnhmcaqunchngvvlnh
tcamnh.VvytibnnhPhongtroCchmngQucgiahuyngthmnhndnhaiqunngoibincathnhphNhaTranglDin
KhnhvVnhXngthamdvocucnghnhnvnguynthqucgia.ChngtrnhthmvingNhaTrangdnhbtuvolc4gichiu,
khngngcuclkhnhthnhpngCambchmtrthnhrahn8gitingDimmitiphitrngNhaTrang.Dbtng,anhemqun
dncngkpthimuanalmtrnmingnciucphtchodnchngthpsngthmthnhph.
KhingDimnni,cmtrngngingchtdctheocciltphitrngvntrungtmthnhph,nic"chphintrinlmkinht"
dongTnhtrngNguynTrn(hinM)tchcnmngvnguynthqucgia.Tinghoanhvangdivnucsngchoangtng
bngrnrmtgctri.TingchungvingDimtrnchicxeJeepigiahaihngdnchng,thnhthongngquaynhntivivmtv
cnghoanh,minglunlunnncivhaitaydcaoplilitunghcadnchng.TrongcuckinhlnycnccngNgnhLuyni
theo.
mtimingDimvccvBtrnglnsnthngkhchsn"BeauRivage"xemonxehoa140chiccaqunidinhnhmng
quankhch.Trnbutrientilplnhnhsao,phicL19vphicDakotacaKhngqun(doThiutOnhhinMchhuy)baytheoi
144/611
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quankhch.Trnbutrientilplnhnhsao,phicL19vphicDakotacaKhngqun(doThiutOnhhinMchhuy)baytheoi
hnhvthhachumunmubintricaobinrngcaNhaTrangthnhmttmthmnmkimcnglnglnh.Cuctrnhdincaquni
kodit10gimn2gisng,ccBtrngdndntdumtmi,ringngDimvnvuitinginhnonxehoaiqua,thnhthong
ngngthngdydhaitaycaovychotkhenngivplitinghoanhcaquni.TinghrngtngythnhphNhaTrangc
thnhlpclchabaogidnchngcchngkinmtmhoangtngbngrnrpnhmngDimnvingthmvomaHnm
1955.Ticgngtomtcucnghnhnthtngo,huyhongchngtqunivnhndnangngngmnhlnhomcth
cnnhiunhnvtquctcnnghingluytnvnchathtsnsutronglngngiVitNam.
CuckinhlcangDimkoditrongnimhnhoancamingivtrongsccangDimchonkhinglnphicphitrngPhan
ThittrvSiGn.Trckhiphicctcnh,ngDimbttaytithtchtvnithtthittha:"Mugnglmvicnghe".Tibitkhng
philmtlichotmbit,licngkhngphillicmncamtcpchhuyvimtcnbtrungkinchngtquanhiulnquyttmphc
vchotncvchocnhnngtgn15nmnay,mrrnglmtliktcsuscmngthnguyn.Vcngcuni,titng
nghedndnhiulntrongnhnggiaiongiannancangDimvti,trongnhnggiphtvinhnhccathikutranhnguyhim.
TchccucnghnhnvcnglongtrngsaungyngDimltmtchphongkin,saungyngDimbclnivinhquangtt
nh,titchochmdtgiaionmucach,giaiongiithiunhlnhoviqucdnngbo.Tnaytichtmvocngvic
nggpphnnhmncamnhvocngcuckinthitvbovchphcvqucgia.Titrvvinhimvcangiqunnhn,loto
thanhvngrngninghingcnVitcngnnpvlovichunluynbinhs.Mttrongnhngcuchnhqunquymcmrativngrng
nigipgiibatnhBnhnh,PhYnvPleiku.BTngthammubitphiThiutNguynHuyLilmThammutrngchocuchnhqun
.NguynHuyLi(hinnayM)lmtsquantrtui,cti,ckinhnghim,giicvthammulntcchin.TibitLitngycnchin
uBcVit.MythngLilmvicNhaTranggiptikhmphthyLilvinsquantrtuithngminh,cthtrthnhmttnglnh
utcaqunisauny.Ticthay,cuinm1960,LithamgiatchcccucltchnhNgnhngkhngthnhnnphimaimt,ccc
mynmtriluvongtiCaoMin.
VphngdinhunluynbinhsthdiquyntictrngBbinhng,cchNhaTrang3cysltrungtmotohsquanlnnht
caquni.Mthm,ThiutLCm(doThiutHunhvnCao,ThammutrngBitbPhtngthng,t)chhuytrngHsquan,
mitivngTnhtrngNguynTrncngphionnhnsvhnhchnhNhaTrangnthmtrng.
Saukhithmxongcccsdoanhtri,Cmmichngtinchimngngmtngi"giong"tolnvkhangtrang.TikhenngiCmc
sngkintt,ngthicnghixemCmcthitlpmtngichanokhng.Cmtrli"cha".TininngngayvlaCm:"ychcvi
trmbinhstheoCnggiothanhlolmnhthngay,tronglcntrn3.000qunnhntheooPhtthanhkhngchulophnthing
lingcah,anhlmvybinhssngrngTngthngDimchtrngkthtngio,hnnaanhlcpchhuycoThinCha,anhs
mangtingbtcng.Linaviclmcaanhtraanhkhngtunlnhti.Rtnhiulntrongccbuihctp,tituynbTngthngDim
lnhlnhottquclntrntngio...khngbaogingcthikth,thinv,hphi...".KhngngnhnglitilamngThiutL
Cmemlihuqutaihichotilinngaysau.
Vokhongthng7nm1956,thnhlnhtinhnclnhbngiaoliPhnkhuDuynHichoTrungtNguynVnh(thngcbinhsgil
VnhHovnghaycmhonhvoubinhsmikhiclmli).TicthuynchuynvnvquntrSiGnilnhmi.Nhnc
lnh,tilinbmtvoSiGngpBtrngTrnTrungDungvnquenbitvititnm1953tiHNi,hiduyncvsaotibmtchc
mtcchvlvbthuynchuynnhmthnhpht.ngTrnTrungDungchobitvicldolnhtrctipcangcvnNgnhNhu,vtheo
ngNhuthtimanguccngthnvclilthtliviTngthng.MyngysauTrungt"VnhHo"chotibitngclnhmcuc
iutravngnqucaBthammuPhnkhuDuynHidotisdng.NhngvPhnkhuDuynHikhngcngnquringnncuciutra
khnganktquno.TipnlmtphionngCnLaogmcThiutCnggioVHngPhivmtcnbcaTngLinonLao
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khnganktquno.TipnlmtphionngCnLaogmcThiutCnggioVHngPhivmtcnbcaTngLinonLao
cng(mtiquntn)nNhaTrangtipxcvicccquanqundnchnhiutrativti"phCnggio".Nhnghintngtrnchoti
thymnhbtutrthnhitngchngphcanhmCnggiovCnLaomnguyndochvsmuthungiativngTnhtrng
NguynTrn,ngithucpheCnggioNhaTrang.
ngNguynTrnkhinghiplmtvquanliNamtriu,cntixutthntmtqunnhntrongmtquniboh.Nuthnclngdnm
cmmnhdngsngHngthcltivngNguynTrnkhngcchigpgnhlicachsPhanSoNam:"Vphngngi
bngphngc,anhhnghokitchnai!".NhngcucilikhngbngphngmichonntimigpngNguynTrnbk,kob,kt
ngctnhlmhiti.
TibitngNguynTrnlnutinvonm19491950khiticnlmvictiBThammuVitbinhonHu.ngTrnnnhtinhti
vnngviTrungtNguynNgcLchongtacgianhpVitbinhonvicpbc"Chuny".NhngngLtchivbitngTrnangb
mtlmvicchocnganPhptiHu(SuretFderale).TicngcgpngTrnvilntinhngNgnhCnPhCam.Nhngnhti
nichngtrc,ngTrnnvingCnchdlatnhhnh.ThtrangTrnkhinhngCndtnt,cnngCnthchngTrnlmtcu
quanlithamnhngthmtikhnghiuvldonongTrnlicclmTnhtrngKhnhHakhingDimvacBoiclmTh
tng.Mythngsau,ngTnThtToicnchotibitdvngkhngpcangTrnvngTrncthilmTrihuyndiquynngToi
khingToicnlmTunvPhYn.LccnlmTriphTnhGia(ThanhHa)ngTrnblinhvomtvbngvithikNhtchimng.
NhiungicnvngNguynTrnlmtthTrnMuTrinhthnh,vngnylmTrihuynHngKh(HTnh),nhnkhingKhmsPhpi
xeharaHNi,ngTrnMuTrinhbnchotrngchuidchaibnngrysutdchuynHngKhvbitvinKhmsthchtrngchui.
ngNguynTrnkhngtrngchuinhnglithchmchphin.nNhaTranghainm,ngmhaichphin:chphinKinhtnm1955vch
phinTrungthunm1956.VoMTho,ngtalimchphinlunmythngvbytrulvinhngcnbCngsnangbgiam.
ThigianNhaTrang,cmilntitchcbiutnhchngPhp,chngCngthngTrncngvicDnlntrnhvoPhanRanghay"icng
tctrongPhtngthng"vlcbygivncnngiPhp,NhaTrangvncntaidinPhp(DlgationFrancaise).Nhnghcucbiutnh
anktqummnthngtalikhoekhoangvidinhcLplmcdivngnhngnh,dnchngNhaTrangvntngbiutnh
chngPhp,chngCng,khoe"dncang"ctinhthnrtcao.
TibitrsdngTrnkvmuntirikhiaphngcangvcitnhcmghentcvvkrtthngbmrchttrongmtscp
quanlithiphongkin.TilcnbtinphongcachmngTrnthkhngtilngingusnggimutranhcnngthvoDinh
mkcng,chonn,iving,tilmtthgmDamoclestrnu.Ngoira,vtrctiphn,tilmtPhttchbitngDimlcpchhuy
duynhtcamnh,cnngTrnlilmttnCnggioanggpphnxydngmtphoiCnggiochungquanhnhngngianhemng
Dim.Tinghrngchnhimny,imthenchtny,lldocuicngvmnhmnhtlmchongTrntmcchvthnhcngtrongvic
thuynchuyntirakhiaphngmtixydng.
Tu,tikhngmuncmuthunvingtavdsaochngtiulcplnhoaphng,nutrmtrnghavcngkhaihathcth
mtuytncachvlmbunlngngDim.GpngTrntichthanphinmtscchthiuthnhthccangta,khngngngtavnm
chtmihnthiviti.ngdngnhmCnLaoCnggioaphng,cmubilinhmcNguynSvngVS,bocovngNhu
xuyntcti.
NgytichnhthctgiPhnkhuDuynHilnngvoSiGn,qundnchnhNhaTrangtchcmtcuctinavcngcmngv
trngth.QunnhnvonvinPhongtroCchmngQucgiatptrungycsngavyccngtrngTrnhMinhThvivscca
Phongtrovbiungmangkhuhiubiulnimnticsraicamtngianhun.Nhiubinhsmlytimkhcvimmtcp
chhuythchintnh"huynhchibinh"bngnhngchnhschcth.Trchmtirai,qundnchnhNhaTrangmmtbatictinhnh,
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chhuythchintnh"huynhchibinh"bngnhngchnhschcth.Trchmtirai,qundnchnhNhaTrangmmtbatictinhnh,
nhiungithayphinnhaulnmyvimnglichotinbit.Vnchakhoitrvithnhcng,ngTrnbnphtncuicng:ng
mnmtcuthcaThLmamaiti"ilchttronglngmtt".MtnhnvincatilTrungyNguynThinthuciiTruyntin,
khngthimlngcbnngdyxinphtbiukin.ThinmntchLimPhavLnTngNhmamaingTrnlkhngctinhthn
onkt,chbitdngthonhingihin.
Ngynay,ngTrnvtiulmthnkluvongbitx,nnhunixngi,cncsungsnghnhdingmklichuyntranhchp
xaxa,hnnangTrnvtiulngilogi,ugntxatri,chngquavkhngnhngtimunklimttchuyncaimnh,m
quantrnghnthna,ticnmuntrangtrikinhnghimichothhtnglainnmiphitrungthccpnchuyncangNguynTrn.
HungchitcchngNguynTrnnhthnothnhngcuquanlivcngchcminTrung,nhngnghngnivngngTrnubitr
(tpchThcTnhtiLosAngelescakgiTVncngchaiknulnmtttnhtitkhngpvngTrnri).Thnhthcmnithkhib
thuynchuynkhiNhaTrang,tikhngonhnngTrnlmmchngcnhinvthmtrchngNgnhNhu,lmmtnhlnhocaocpm
lichquan,thiusngsut.
SaucuctinathmthittnhngchcaqundnNhaTrang,dcchuyntuhaativoSiGn,mticnnnhnbaonhiucm
tnhnnghucaqundnvngduynhiNamTrungphn.MilntungnglitiBaNgi,ThpChm,PhanRvPhanThit,hngtrmchic
uc,hngngncnhtaycaqundnchnhnhngvngdcaolnhoanhmtngichinhucchmngtngdndthtrongcucu
tranhchngPhongThcCngquahnhainmtri.CcngTnhtrngNguynvnTch(NinhThun)vHcKhng(BnhThun),ccThiu
tTiukhutrngnhHNgha,PhanXunNhunvccdnbiuidinPhongtroCchmngQucgia(mhinnaycncbcsNguyn
TrngThinhinM)thaymtqundnchnhcctnhlinhnglitinati.Hbinginhclinhngthnhquthuhochctia
phngdoschochnhtrcati.cbittiBaNgi,LinhmcNguynvnDngkomytrmgianhngiCnggiodicQungBnh
ngaxelagpmtnginghng,ngchlncht.ChaDngmlytimkhcncnvChacngkhngngnngitotingtrch
mcngNgnhNhu"cmtmkhngcngi".Tikhngngcnhintrcthicanhtuhnhkhknh.nglngihtlngngh
chNgnhDim,nhngngkhngphilhnglinhmcCnLao,hnglinhmchayluiticangkcquyn,khngbaogivoradinhPh
CamhaydinhcLp,khngbaogikhmnmtrccaTriunhNgnhThcVnhLong.Saukhitiiri,ngNguynTrntmmicch
lmkhdaphncaChaDngHiTriu,thulihtsvkhmtiphtchoxmocacha.LinhmcNguynvnDnglmttusCng
gioctinhthncchmng,ctnhtnhcngrn,nhngtikhngngngquytlitncngviPhanXngthamgiavotchccchmng
chngnhNgcangNguynvnLcsauny.nhChaDngvngPhanXngsaunybmtthamgiavohotngcangNguynvn
Lclpmtchctilmaukhnhndn8,9nmtri,nhngbituvictibctchckhiNhaTrangmtcchbtcngl
mtyutnhutinnggpchociquytnhcthlmChamtmng.SaucucltngDim(nm1963)nhmCnLaocoitinhk
th,nhngcnhngphntCnggionhngPhmQucTrhaynhngNguynvnDt(hinLosAngeles)chnghn,quenthnviCha
Dng,htlngbnhvcti,hkhngngnngicngkhailnntponCnLaophhoichvlmsuyspminNam.
nSiGn,titmcchvogpngNhumimkhngc,bnithmmtsbnbtrongcngTnThtTrch(hinPhp)Tnggim
cBoan.ngTrchnguynlcuTrihuyn,theongDimtngyhickhong1949,1950.KhingDimmivnclmThtng,nhl
ngilimchnhngTnThtTrchcchngichcvtncnlnglVnphng.Nhngtnhtnhvncngrn,niphthiummdo,nn
ngTrchkhngcngDimathch,saungTrchbmtchcnglVnphngvcbnhimlmTnggimcBoan.
Tivothm,ngTrchmnglm,vnghviBtrngNivlngNguynHuChutigichcPhTnggimcBoan,phtcho
Trchvphnquns.NhngchhaitunlsauthTrchbngCvnNgnhNhukhintrchtisaolisdngti,vngthiralnhcho
tisasoninhnchcTyvinQunstiTaisVitNamPhp.
TinghbngvicchnhtiilmTyvinQunsthtrachlmtbinphpkhaitrnhngphnt"btho"bngcchchorancngoi(nh
147/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TinghbngvicchnhtiilmTyvinQunsthtrachlmtbinphpkhaitrnhngphnt"btho"bngcchchorancngoi(nh
trnghpccngBivnThinh,NguynnDuyn,TrnChnhThnh,LmLTrinh,TrnKimTuynsauny...),nhngiulmtingcnhinl
tisaolibnhimtiiPhpvtivnlphntcthnhtchchngPhpmcngDimvngNhuubitrtr.Vnnngtnhquhngv
thchsngnginnntikhngthchnhngkinhthnhhoal,nonhitvxaxinhParis,hnnalichnnntrcsbcicangNhu,ti
nhxintchc.NhngnghlithdsaocncngDimbitrcucimnh,bitrcnglaocamnh,bitrtmlngtrungcangnghakh
camnh,chonntrckhiquytnhtchc,timunbitrthicangDimnhthno.TixinytkinTngthng,trnhbymis
vicxyraNhaTrang,rixinngDimchoticliqunh.ngDimtrli:"KhnglchaSmcngnilovanhhaysao?Anhci
Phpi".ngDimkhngcvgindtilmnhngtivnthitisaonglikhngcmtquytnhsngsuthnvngnhng
mioanchongicnbtrungkin.Mtnglinhmcththngcthngtrongchuyno,nhngtrongchuyni,nhtlnhngmuthun
chnhtrctnhcchphephiphctp,thngChacthnhmlnlmch.ChmtngChaSNhaTrangmcplcnngnnhthth
saunynhnglinhmc,nhngTnggimmc,nhngHngy...cnsansquynlcvchiphichnhschnmcno!
Tiriquhngngy25thng10nm1956,mtngytrclQucKhnhutincaminNamVitNam.Ngymai,ngDimstuynb
thnhlpnnCnghavchnhthcbanhnhHinphp,schtalQucKhnhtrnilTrnHngohuyhongcqut.Ngymai,bnb
ti,ngchti,ngboti,vlnhtticngscmangchungnimvinhdln,cntithsau15nmgiantrunu
tranhchodntcvchotchcngDim,lilmkchnhgitquhnginmtphngtrixangi.Dntheoacontraitrngmi16
tuichoncitixngi,tibclnchicphicConstellation4ngccahngAirFrancembunngDimhiulmmnhthtnhng
ginngNhumiquasngmchtcuthnhiu.
TriPariscuithulnhlnh,sngtrnggingmcsutonngtphitrngOrlyvntrungtmthnhph.Haichaconchngticnhn
vinTaisnvtmtrtimtkhchsnkhuLatin.mutintrnxngithtldivsu.
McdcisPhmDuyKhimhtlngvnngnhngtivnkhngcchnhphPhpthanhnlnhnvinthucngoigiaoon.Ti
khngngcnhinvcngkhngctrchngiPhpvlmsaohcthcthincmvimtngicthnhtchhunghnchngliquynlica
qucgiah,vedatnhmngkiudncahtiVitNam.TrongbaticthtiisPhpJeanPayarttSiGnvcngcntiPariscs
thamdcahaingBiXunBovBuKnhvimcchtomttingdivBNgoigiaoPhp,isPhmDuyKhimgiithiutikhng
philmtconcphungdviisPayart,nhngchnhphPhpvncoitilphntnguyhim.Tuynhin,lcbygi,vchnhphPhpcha
muntoraquanhcngthnggiaPhpvVitNamnnhchotivocithkhngtrongquychngoigiaoonmcngkhngcoi
tilmtpersonnanongratatrcxutvnc.Cuinm1956,nhncccngTrnChnhThnhvNguynHuChuicngcnPhp,ti
nhhaingvtrnhliviTngthngDimchotichihng.TronglcchisgiiquytcachnhphSiGn,tiliphikodichui
ngyvvchnnncamtngimangtmtrngbvtchanhbv,mtngibphnbi,sngvtvngniqungimtmhuytnggp
chotncthvnscsitheongythng.
Paris vo tit trng ng sng tuyt lnh lng cng lm cho nim c n thm t ti, cn phng tr s 10 ng ClaudeTerrace gn Porte St.
Cloudlmtcaoctngthbyhngchucngilcbutgikhimv.Tithngngicmvibnhtrtuthumvtuykhngphilthi
s,nhngcmilntmsdtdothtnhthlichachanlailng.NhlicPhanThanhGinngyxacngclnissangPhpnnti
bnnhibithngcaCkthctmsmnh,tmsmtimunnhngichongDim:
Tlcquennhauktchng,
Lithhnvinonsng.
148/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TriTyringtsucqunh,
tVitmongaikhovyvng.
Chnrulinhoancnchacn,
Conthuynvinxxatrng.
Trngdngmundmdxacch,
Rngnhrngqun,lnghilng.
Tigibithvncchomtsbnbcchi,khngngsaunyngdnbiuVvnTrng,mtngchcati,lichongtrntunbo
"SinhLc"donglmchnhimvngibntrikcatilnhvnThivnKimligichothisinhHngcngmngatrnmcTaon
caiphtthanhSiGn.Tinghrngbnhutiubitlth"thkaki",nhngclvhthngmnvmunchiastmscatinn
miphbinbithcngcmthngvinibuncamtconngibbcimvncgitmlngctrung.
TrongthigiantiParis,tilitnhcmbitthmvtcchcavchngNgnhNhu,shiubitcnthitcamtcnbvcplnho
qucgiaangcmvnmngtnc.
ngbNgnhNhunPhpmttunltinginhringcangbtatiqun16cathParis.ngBiXunBo(hinnayPhp)va
lCvncaTais,valChtchcaPhongtroCchmngQucgiaHingoi,idinchongis,thngngpngNhutrnh
bycngvic.MthmticngivingBongpngNhutrnhbytrnghpkhxcativyucuchotihihng.GpngNhu,
ngBominicvilithngNgnhLuynn,chngtivntiptcnichuynvingNhutrongkhingLuynnichuynvibNhu
trongcngmtphngkhch.Dodkhngmuntivnnghecuchuyncah,trongngLuynkhnggibNhubngchmchgibng
tn"LXun"(vd"LXunnivylsai"hayl"LXunhaycibng"...).Cuchuyngiahaingilcucnmthm,dndninci
v,tuylilchanthlnhngbukhngkhcucnichuynnngnlmri.ngBovtiraduchonhaucotrav.
NgyngbNhulnngvnc,ngBovtilinchotmbitngNhuvtinnglnphitrngOrly.Vonh,chngtithyngNhu
angngirmtmnh,trongkhithchunginthoireovangthcgicngblnphitrnggpvgntigiphicctcnh,nhngb
Nhuvn"bitvmtn".Mtltlusau,thybNhuvtayxchtaymmygi.Thymtv,ngNhungbtdynhchiclxo,minglm
bm:"Mnhiutubayhithchoi...".ngNhunichadtcuthbNhunicnthnhn,nmmygixungsnnhlmtungte
mychail,tonltrangscnb,vtotingntlingNhu:"Mybanaybnrn,hmnaymirnhmuamttdngsaomnhno
quth,cgpthvtrci,tivsau".BNhuctiptclinhinhthngayctrcmtchngtitrongkhingNhumtxuxung,ngim
lng.ngBovtililmduchonhaubcrakhiphngngi.
TicngheknhiugiaithoivchuynbNhuntn,hnlovichngvtichngkinhnmtlncicungcch"vhnh"cabvo
nm1962nhnihpBQucphngSiGn,khitighthmngNhus8ngYpres.nnitithycngTnThtCn,mtbnthn
ca nh h Ng, ch tim "Table des Mandarins" Paris, ang ngi vi ng Nhu trong phng khch. Trong lc ng Nhu, ng Cn v ti ang ni
chuynthbngnhtrongnilntingbNhuqutthono.Nghetingv,ngNhualikhuyncan,nhngtingqutthocabNhucng
lccnglnhn,ngNhubnkongCnvtiramihinnginichuyn.Hmnay,tiParis,ngBovticchichngkincitcchyu
hncamtnhikhoabng,camtlnhtqucgia,chvquchiuchungngivtrmnhphimthtsdintrcnhngngil.T
khichngkinccnhngNhubvlmnhctrcmtkhch,saunytikhngngcnhinvvicbNhutrthnh"NHong"tidinhTng
149/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khichngkinccnhngNhubvlmnhctrcmtkhch,saunytikhngngcnhinvvicbNhutrthnh"NHong"tidinhTng
thng,dmlamngcngianhchnglmtvnguynthqucgia.
nglsinhrasaulytrelngningkhcchy,bnlyncng,thdbcunhtvontkiukcakinhnhsngParis,nhngnhln
lntrinikhpbamintncvrungngcvicnhtrxinhpcaquhngmntanthanhlngvotrongnimaukhcacngi
lncnhnniviti,dPariscdngsngSeinemm,cilChampsElysesdimo,ckhuLatinquynr...tivncmthylngvng
lng,hnxaxi.nglngibunthcnhcvuiubaogi!mangcitmtrngbbcivangbluythlusongctacakinh
hoal,lvngtrithmdichnnhngphotngtrngvnLuxembourg...ttcchlhnhtrongnimnhxtxavquhngruttht.
Nhiuln,nhnvicngNhukttiti"phCnggio,chngCnLao",tithygicmmptthuthiuthivmtqucgiadnch,mt
chonkt,mtchnhschhangdntcxydngcscmnhchngliCngsnminBcbngtanthnhmykhi.Mtcnb
trungkinnhtimcnbcpdixuyntcrilibcptrntinvomchtivcitigil"phCnggio"ththhinhngthnhphn
khc,qunchngcngnhngphi,ngngoichhocilpxydng,thsphncahsnhthno.Nimhyvngduynhtcnstli
tipmlautranh,simnhngngydivlnhlshiubitvtnhnghacaconnginhnhoningNgnhDim.
ngmtnmtriqua,vogiathng10nm1957,tinhncthcaitinhSnThung,GimcNhaNhnvinBQucphngvl
mtngibnrtthnviti.ThungchobitngDimralnhlmgiytgitihihngvitTrnvnTrung(saunylTrungtng
CctrngCcChintranhChnhtrvonm1975)squaPhpthayti.inhSnThunglmtcuchnhqunkhxanh,thikhngPhptuy
ThunglmsquanVitbinhonnhngvnbmthotngchoVitMinhtrongtchccanhmtrthcHuvibcsLKhcQuyn.Thung
bsmtthmPhpbtvilnnhngnhThhinPhanvnGiovngNguynNgcLhtlngcanthipnnkhibtit.Nguyntiving
ThunglbnlnggingticangBa(Hu)nnngyngythngcngnhautholuntnhhnhchintranhvtnglaitnc.Cuicngti
thuytphccngThungnghngDim.KhingDimvnc,tigiithiungThungvingNgnhCn,nhngcclmGim
cNhaNhnvinBQucphng.Thunglntuihnti,cmitcbcnhcc,licngcbngThnhChungnnngDimcvn
nang.TrongthngThunggiquaPhpchoticcu:"Cvnnhcnanh,cvnhthnganhlm".ngthivithcangThung,tili
nhncthcangVvnHibotikhivncnhmuacho"ngC"mttmelon,thtricymngDimathch.Vicnhnmuamelon,
tionkhngphildosngkincangVvnHimchnhlcangDim,nghvy,tirtmngvchorngtrongcivicnhnmuamelon
gighmrtnhiushitmcangDim.
TrongsutthigianmtnmParis,tichchithnvimtngibnhcvngchclanhNguynvnt.NgyriParis,tichchomt
mnhtbitvtthnhnhntinati.tlngiQungBnhcngquhngvingDimvti.tvnlbnhcviccngThi
vnKimvTrnvnDnhtrngKhinh.VonmqunNhtchimngngDng,tcnghotngthnNhtnhTrnvnDnhv
cngtrongphongtronghCng.TrongvicNhtBncuthotngDimnm1944,tthamdmtcchtchccnhtanglb
thcaPhtnglnhsIshidatiHu.Thithithay,ttheoVitMinh,chhuyCcQunboMttrnBnhTrThindisiukhinca
chutilDinh,ChnhtrvincaMttrn.Nm1952,khitianggichcThammutrngnhqunkhu,tbmtlinlcviv(hin
M)nhnhnvitilangbDinhnghingtheoPhp,muntrvvngqucgiatrnhhuha.Tilintchcbtrmttiuonhnhqun
DL(ThaThin)vphimttiutccngcuct.Nm1954,khitngNavarremcuchnhqunAtlante,dosgiithiucangi
bnlngNguynvnAnanggichcchhuyTrungNamtrn,tcngPhanvnGiocgichcTnhtrngPhYn.NhngkhingDim
mivlmThtngcba,bnthng,ngNguynvnAnbanhemngDimralnhsthitiQuiNhnnhtistrnhby,cnNguynvn
tbnhmCnggioPhYndolinhmcTnhSncmutcotlVitcng.(CcvTnhtrngPhYnsautuvnglinhmc
ny m k th xin t chc, k th b thuyn chuyn i ni khc nh qu c Hng D Chu, LT vThiu t DngThi ng hin c mt ti hi
ngoi).SdtbvukhnglVitcngchvlclmTnhtrng,tlinktvitchciVitTrngTAnhPhYn,mtonthcch
mngchngCng,mtchciVitvnhmCnggiolcbygililhailclngthnghchnhau.(TheoonThmtrong"HaiMiNm
Qua"thngy7thng10nm1958,nhmiVitTrngTAnhPhYnbraTanqunsNhaTrangvi54cannhnmchcmtlut
150/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Qua"thngy7thng10nm1958,nhmiVitTrngTAnhPhYnbraTanqunsNhaTrangvi54cannhnmchcmtlut
s).tbthuynchuynlnKontumcmttunlthclnhbtnntphiitrnvluvongquaPhp.
Khngngnm1956,tivtgplinhaunitkhchqungi,mtilkbbcicntlmttiluvong.Vthmitnhthahng
ngctrigiatvtilicngthmthit.Nhnggpnhauchabaoluthticgivnccntlilmkgiangh"rophongsng
nigctr",gmnhmmionhntnhibcbo.Khitintilnng,trngrngncmttngtitmnhvimyvnthghichtknim
caibntuykhchoncnhmcngtms:
"Gpnhaunixl
Titmhntit
Anhtlngvnvng
Gplianhgiang
Thuynvacpbntrngbunglnhlng"
Mynmsau,tvVitNamlmchnhimnhtboTinMi.NgyNhydochnh11111960,tvitbikchchNgnhDimnn
ngy13,tabocatbcnhstcngannpphtantnh,maychotkpthitrnthot,snglnltnhiunikhcnhautrongbanm
chonngychDimblt.DichNguynvnThiu,tuycnhiubnbcquynlcmitthamdniccnhngttchi
hotngtrongPhongtroQucgiaCptincagiosNguynNgcHuyvitcchlTngyvinTchc.
Nguynvntlngithngminh,mutr,cthcchnhtr,nhiukinhnghimtnhbo,tngtriutranh,lilcnbcvlnnhncang
Dim,thmchvCnLaothght,vanhemngDimthiusngsut,thiukhoandung,tmtngicthhuchchoqucgia,choch,
Nguynvntphitrthnhkthrinnnhncach.
TrliParisvduynchot,trlimtnmvtnhdngdcchoqukh,tihnhoantrvVitNamlngtnhthmrngcngvngvng
trntmmininchuynutranhchoquhng.
VSiGn,voytkinTngthngDimsauhnmtnmxacch,tithyngbvvmpmpramtcchrrng.ngvuicivcthi
cim,thngcmvihoncnhcatikhngcchnhphPhpchpthunlnhnvincangoigiaoon.Tuynhinngtrchis
PhmDuyKhimbtlcvborngKhimlmtnhtrthcthnPhp,tnglmthngngnchoPhptrongilnhth(OuvrierNonSpecialis)
thinhthchin,mkhngvnngnichotilmTyvinQuns.
ngDimbotivNhaTrangnghtngyrivonhnchc"TnggimcCngbinh".nggiithchshpnhtngnh"cngbinhtotc"v
"cngbinhchinu"lmmtchodchhuyvtncngqu.Tirtngcnhinvhpnhthaingnhcngbinhlmmtlmtsl,vcti
chhuyngnhcngbinhlicngvlhn.Tilphptchivticbitgvchuynmncngbinhu.NhngngDimbotingngivti
chlophnviuhnhchongchnhschvngschomtsksckhnngchuynmnvphtchoti,ringnitipmtcchgind:
"AnhsanguihtmythngBckichoti".(ngDimrtkhinhghtngiBc,trrathnhphnngiBcCnggiolngtintng).
Nichuynvinghnmtgi,tixintgintrnhdintiBQucphngvtrnhbylichongTrnTrungDungbitquytnhca
Tngthngvquanimcati.ngDungthngcmngayvtmcch"honbinhchik"khilmchongTngthngvnght"Bck"nigin.
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Tngthngvquanimcati.ngDungthngcmngayvtmcch"honbinhchik"khilmchongTngthngvnght"Bck"nigin.
ngDungbnvinglNguynnhThun(hinhingoi)ctiithanhtracngbinhrtkinhnghimtrckhinhmchcTnggimc
cngbinh.LmthvibathngthTngthngDimsqunivkhiskimmtsquanchuynmnthayvitngkimGimcCng
binhngiBcchoTngthngvalng.Cngmaychoti,nhcithanhtracngbinhmticdpthamquankhpccnongtncv
tipxcvikhnhiunvnnbitrcnilngqundnivichNgnhDimnhthnosauhnmtnmtrixax.
bathngsau,ticgigpvtrnhdinTngthng.anglouvcin"TnggimcCngbinh"thcTngthngchobitngquyt
nhbnhimtigichcGimcNhaAnninhQunithaytngMaiHuXunilmChhuytrngTrungtmHunluynQuangTrung.
TngyiPhpv,tivnkhngmungplingNgnhNhu,nhngtkhicTngthnggiaochonhimvchhuyngnhAnninhQuni,
xtthycnphinchongtanhnchthvdsaongnhAnninhQunicngchutnhiutrchnhimvstnvongcach,do,
caqucgia.Vncinhncaongovvmtlnhnhtin,ngNhutrnhbymtsquanimcangvnhimvcativcuicngchthcho
tilphiuihtbntaysaicaPhpvtaychncangMaiHuXunmicthbomtccngtcvhs.
NhaAnninhQunicbnnhimvchnhyulPhngin,chngBinhvn,chngPhnlonv"Bovtinhthnbinhs".Ttnhinttcnhim
vukhkhn,ihingichhuytrchtphicthcchnhtr,phiamhiuCngsn,phicthctnhbo,nhngiukhkhncati
liliu"bovtinhthnbinhs".Nhimvkhngnhngihiphiccngtmivitonthcccptrongqunimcnthhinscng
tmrabnghnhngcth.KhnniquniVitNamCngHackhaisinhtronghoncnhngangtri,phihpvivkthpbirt
nhiuthnhphnthucccgiophi,ngphivhongphivncrtnhiumuthunchnhtrvnonlchsvich.
Muthunvnonliphttrinvchngchtthmktkhichkhaisinhthmmtth"quni"songsongctngilCnLao.Mt
thqunikhngnmtrongnhch,khngxthnngoichintrngnhngccquynkimsot,iungvkhngchqunlc.Lmtlc
lngchmkhinkhihin,lichchumnhlnhvchutrchnhimvingNgnhNhultrungtmquynlccaohncvTngtlnhquni
(lTngthngDim)nntnhtrnglmquynvbphickhottinhthnbinhstokhkhncngnhnguyhimkhngcnthitchosquntr
viungqunlctrongicngtciuvilclngvtrangcakthCngsn.Balnquningraphtngvtchcbinhbin
lmlunglayvcuicngltchnhquynnilnscmphncathnhphnqunnhnivichDimNhu.
Chonntkhivnhmchc,tikhngthayimtsquannonhmuncangNhu,tichtngcngthmnhnvintheocitchung
caquni.Tikhngmuncsthayixotrntochiar,bphi,chgytaihichotinhthnquni.Vnhmchcchnmtnmti
chivinchnhvnphngliyTngTnSvngtancpcunbngghimcuciutramtvTrungtng.Cnsnhnvincxin
thmhuhtlngitheoCnggiodoccngNgnhCn,NguynvnChu,LQuangTungvccngvinCnLaogiithiu.Vchnhtr,
tichtrngiviCngsn,phicoihlithnguyhim,iviccsquanthucccgiophihayngphithphigytnhonkt,cn
vnhimv"bovtinhthnbinhs",tichtrngchnhsch"nnggiohamnhtrngpht".Tikhngthngharatannhngbinhs
chncpttmtn,vichcltxng,tronglccctngtvcanhemngDimlihtscthamnhng,bclt,dcngvit,himiquynth.
ChcvGimcAnninhQuniivitilmtchcvbcbo.Tivabccsquanthamnhng,vabccsquanthucccngphii
lpvichnhphcoilk"hungthn",l"taysaicach"tronglcthnhmCnLaocngcoitinhkthchvtikhinhbngNgnh
Cnramt,tibtphcngNgnhNhu,vtikhngbaogigpmt,khmnmchuhubCvnvGimmcNgnhThc.Ngayccdp
l,Tt,cngkcahNg,huhtnhnvincaocpcachnhphvnhiutngtraPhCamchuhu,ngoitrti.Tibtonthanhem
ngDimcoinhcigaiphinh,nhmCnLaoxemnhkthnnnhtcnhtngcatiuthngbCnLaobocolichongNhu.Nu
khngcngDimbnhvcvthngcmthcltivothaybmuhitluri.
Choncuinm1958vcnkodithmmtnmna,chNgnhDimquthtbcvogiaionccthnh.Dringcnhntic
152/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Choncuinm1958vcnkodithmmtnmna,chNgnhDimquthtbcvogiaionccthnh.Dringcnhntic
mtthigianbbci,dmmmngctibtuxuthin,dlclngCnLaotncmanhnhakhngchsinhhotchnhtr,vcui
cng,dnndnchticnthitxydngsinhlcludichoqucgiakhngcthcthi,nhngnhngthnhqucachtrnmtngoi
giao,kinhtvxhicnglnhngkhchllnchoqunchngtiptctintngngDim,tiptcnhmmtbquanhngtilimch
phmphi.
Nhngnhngcnbnhutrcanndnchnylicsctnphchikhclitsaunyvthnhphnlnhokhngxemnhnhngli
lmcnsachangay,trilianhemngDimlitintngmnhlitrngnpilp,khuynhlotquni,pbcchnhtr,trungngtp
quynvogianhvphenhmlnhngschlchiudngchngCngvbovqucgia.HkhngbitrngiuviCngsn,sch
lctrngkvbomnhtlphttrinvkhaidngsinhlccadntc,mtngunsinhlcchckhidybngmtsinhhotdnch,
bngonktdntc,nhtltrnmtchnhtrvcbittronggiaionquaphncatnc.
Mcymtr,CngsnHNiceda,ngCnLaoclbctngngcachthcngchabovchchngninbo
vminNam.Nukhngmunnirngchnhnhngyutliphntlclngqunchng,tomuthungiachnhquynvnhndn,gia
bphndntcnyvibphndntckhc.
Tnm1956n1958,saysavinhngthnhcngngonmc,lnghnhvtmlngqungicanhndn,ngDimvchgianhtrca
ngngtrcbvcthmcalchsmkhngbit,tvsautrthnhnhngkitilmvncchnhnghadntcvlmsuynhc
scmnhcaminNam.
1 oTrinhNht,PhannhPhng,trongtpch"VitNamHiNgoi"(s137),tr.115
3 ThcacHunhMinhgichotcgi.
4 NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?Tr.178.
7 HilaireDuBerrier,BackgroundtoBetrayal,tr.92.
9 MarvinE.Gettleman,VietnamHistory,DocumentsandOpinions,tr.242.
10 TChiTrng,LchSNiChinVitNam,v"STayVnHa"s..d.tr.138.
11 EdwardLansdale,InTheMidstofWar,tr.307.
12 Trnvnn,OurEndlessWar,tr.60.
Chng8
CHNGHANHNV
VNGCNLAO
153/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Mahnm1958,saukhinmvngtnhhnhnhngccutrungngcaNhaAnNinhQunibngcchphitrlihthngtchcchohpl
hn vi chc nng ca mt b phn an ninh v tnh bo thun qun s, cng nh pht ng mt s k hoch di hn nhm nng cao phm cht
chuynmncanhnvin,tibnbtuithanhtravnghincutichnhngnvthucquynkhptonquc.nvutindnhinl
SAnNinhQunithucqunkhuInmtiHu,mtnvcnhngcngtccbithnnhngSkhcvphmvitrchnhimtipgipviv
tuyn17.
Cngnhndpny,timuntrliHusauhainmxavngthmbnb,bconc,cngnhghthmngNgnhCntrongnginhPh
Camnmxa.Nginh,bygi,mticiphongcnhcmtihnglunim,mticivcknhyhuynthoitngquynrtm
hntingyno.Nginhluchnhkhngthayinhiu,chsasangchoquangngvsinhnghn.Vnhoaqumavnsthatrc
cngcthitklinhmtcnhvnNhtBnquymvinhiuloihoaquvchimchcthvt.
ThingDimchacmquynthcnhnhPhCammbc,dimitranhchcbCCvmLuynthuithiravo,cnnginhTng
trnchcngCnngymcqunh.Bygithkhngkhcatonbkhunvintrnntpnpoainghimnhdinhthchncngng.
ChhainmmlmthayisovinhngkintrcbtbincaxThnKinhtrmlng.
DinhNgnhCncbitphimttiuidoiyTnThtchhuygmtonsquanvhsquanlovicphcdchtrongnh,lmcngtc
vsinh,chmsccycnhchimchc,vcbitphtrchlunvicngngmamngchonhngmurungAnCuvmitccLng.Nh
cmtngianhlmthngstrongtiuiphcdchnymitPhngNgcTrngmicthchotibitrngmcdtinbcchubucht
chng,mcddinhthnhcatumirtnhiumngCnvngicitnhkeokitbnxnnhthicnhnvi.Tiuisquanvhsquan
,hngthngphinggpchungtinlimuachi,bngn,vinc,gch,dngclmvnvtrmthlinhtinhkhc...vclnh
xinngCnngnkhonbotrhngthng,bngmngchichomttrnvcnhmdauiranvtcchin.Ngoitiuiqunnhnc
sdngnhgian,ngCncncmtvnphngQunChnh(qunsvchnhtr)doiyMinh(Cnggiodic)lmchnhvnphnglo
vngiyt,thtnvlinlcvingingoidinh.
Nhngclnhngthayicacnhvtkhnglmtingcnhinbngnhngthayicaconngivskinpmnhvomtnhtlsthayi
tondinniconngicamLuyn.MLuynmtithngthytrckialmtmLuynlaml,qukch,onuqunen,chnitcn
mLuynmtigphmnaymtmysonphn,oqunlal,chniguchoa,mnhyntrangngnhvcmigiichcquyngibng
B.ScthngvinhquangcaginghNgnhquthtcthhinrrngnhtquasthaytnhihnhningiytgiquna
chngxunny.
XeJeepcaSAnNinhQunichtindinhthcaCnPhCamnglcmtvinchcidinchoTnhtrngQungNgicngvach
nmtbcspgqugidngchongCvnminTrung.Bcspgththimcvchgmmttmlinmbngangkhongmtthc
su,bdihnbathcvbdyphihnmttcty.TibcvocngnhlcngCnvmLuyncnngchtrxemxtvtrmtrkhen
ngibcspgqugi.
PhongcchcangNgnhCnvnkhngthayibaonhiu,vnbbbalatrng,vnnhaitrunhpnhp,chtrigucgcthay
bngigiyh,bngoitrnggingnhmtnhphhminqu.NiphthngCnvnnhno,vngmtngitathngugihbng
"thngnthngkia"dngitactuicaoctrnghaybtrng,tngt.Thimchvnhnvnlcibnhchungcattcanhemnh
hNg.Trongmtbuinichuynngnngi,thnhthongngCnlichogimtngivontnbiudngoaiquyntrcmtti.Ngii
thoichbitciu,mingvngdliala.NhngaichabitrconngicangCn,khinghehaychthynglmnhngmnkchcmnyth
shilm,nhngivingVNhNguynvti,vnbitngCnqur,thcitr"rungcynhtkh"lmdnglnhtchlmchngtibun
civkhinhthnghn.
154/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ThtraticngkhngcchuyngmbnvingCn,chnthmngtavnhnlinginhc,nimmnhcnhiuknimxemththi
thithayemlinhngthayig.NgyhmsauticiyNguynTinSung,ChnhsAnNinhQuniqunkhuI,trnhchotimt
tmthipcangHThcLuyn,tnhtrngThaThin,mitincmti.BaticthtraldongNgnhCnbyraitititahnh
chnh Tha Thin. Ti thy c i biu Chnh ph H c Khng, thiu tng T lnh qun khu I l L Vn Nghim, c on Nhng, ch tch
PhongtroCchmngQucgiatnhThaThin,v30quankhchthnhu.Trckhin,nghCnnngchnchcmngtimiixa(Php)
vvcangitil"nhcchmng","cnbtrungkin,tibanht"calnhtNgnhDimvcangCnLao.Hmyvvothiiy,qu
lmtvinhdlnlaochoti,vsutingCnccoiairagu,cbaogingingaiumhmnaylidnhchotimtstipnlong
trngvinhnglichctngcaoqu.Thtth,ngaycngLVnng(hinPhp),valBtrngCanhnngvalyvinTrungngng
CnLao,lithalnhTngthngikinhlTnhQungTr,mngCncnralnhchoTnhtrngNguynVnng(ngiPhCam)khngthm
ntipchvngngkhngloviccungcpcygchongCnynhngtalochogimmcNgnhThc.Batichmnaydo
chthnngCnchtalmtbinchnhuvcbit,lmnhiungingcnhin.Nhngttrongthmtmtibithnhngcang
chlmtthon.
ng Cn by ra tic tng, tn qu v cao ti tht ra ch v quyn li ca ng. ng Cn bitTng thng Dim c bit thng mn ti, v li ti
thngdmnithngnhngiumngikhcengikhngdmniln,chonnngmungycmtnhvititikhibocovingDim
nhngsailmtili.Ngoira,vdi,ngcnhyvngslikoctivpheng,vlcnyhaianhemCnvNhuingiaiontranhchp
khhngnc.ngCntnglmlticthtoththngbnggiangtavNhumcngsvinthntncangNhulbcsTrnKim
TuynlilngiCnrtthght.TrongDinhclp,ngCncngminhlngVVnHi,VinchnhvnphngcbitcangDimquyt
litchngivchngNgnhNhu,nhngngCnvnthychavngDimvnknhnngemkhoabnglunlunstcnhmnh.ng
DimlinnangnshibNhu,ngiemdulmmmlmmingsnsnggychuynthphicthlmmtuytncaChnhquyncang
ta,nnnhnglilchngivchngNgnhNhucangVVnHikhngnhhnggnnhkinccangDim.
LnraHu,mcdcngCvnminTrungNgnhCnncntipnvtvevnnhnglngtivabunruvalolng,vngsau
cihunhhoangtrtrnvcioaiquynhnghchlmtbctranhmmcachangcnghinrtiminTrung.
Nhngngchccati,nhngbnbccati,nhngcnbvchinhutngvotrakhm,hysinhgiankhchongDimvchotchc
ngyxa,chchaybanmmvngbngbittch,kthbhtngcngtcirancngoinhhaingNguynnDuynvTrnVn
Hng,kth"ciotquan"vibunnhngVNhNguyn,kthbmtchcnhccngNguynChvVThuTnh,kthtrnHuvo
NamnhngNguynVinh,kthxalnhchnhcTrngVnHu,kthbchgiamginhngTrnin...Nhngngi,ngyxa,
tngcngvititorabcthnhngchechchongDimlckhncng,tngcngvitikhngkhtlmthnhnhngcphnkintr
chochicxetchccangDimtrongnhnggiphtgiantrunnguyhimmbygicnhccnngixaucn.
BygichcnlinhngVuHn,BTrngkhttingnhHot,ng,Phong,Hiu(CngAn),nhngSqunonI,qunTr,qunThi,
nhtnhtrngNguynVnTt,NguynnhCn,NguynVnng...tonlloi"eothnhgimchpgioiuKit".btcdkincho
cuciutratrclcnhgich,tighthmcTrngVnHu,mtnhnsCnggioPhCam,bnthnlunmcanhNg,tngng
utrongbnkinnghlnQuctrngBoixincngDimlmThtng.Nhngnayclngibtmnvich.Cvvpnichuyn
nhtrtbtnilnguthncamnh:"itphinhnhNgthabnhnkhc,naycquynththkhc,trckiathnichuyncchmng,
oc,limchnh,naythchbitthamnhng,bclt,lmtin.itcnhnvovicxtvingTrnVnLvnngthngNguynCaoThng
lnhngdnbiuthr".Cdnging:"AnhemnhNglhngphnphc,hngnchobt,tisbHutii,ychngtaigaimtlm".
Trong"LThCngChnh"(s37thng10nm1986)ksTrnSHun,mtcngsvincacHuchobit:
155/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"Clngicngtrc,khphch,tngbttaiTy,chngNht,bVitCngmstht.KhingDimlncmquyn,cgichcTrngkhuCng
ChnhTrungphnnhngchsaubanm,cxintchcvbtngchnhkinvigianhhNgmclmtthnhphntrcttrongPhongtro
CchmngQucgiathiy".MynmsautinthmcHusngcntingNhaTrang.Clmuntraogitmschongibntr,
cni:"Nghchocng,thixaTnThyHongchnsng200trthccngphi.Thgnythmcntrvicnc.Ch(NgnhDim)
nykhngtnticluu.NiVngomlmBo.vongnbingha".Tithmnghchcngangcumangmtmiuhoino
vnglngikhngkhikhngchuxunnh,uai,nnbvy"logianchi".
Thtvy,tkhingDimcngccquynlc,tkhiccchinkhuVitqucviVitbnhtanvhaingybtlithn,thtiminTrung,
ngNgnhCnkhngcnailithna.ngtrthnhmtthlnhchaminTrungvminCaonguynvimttriunhring,uyquyn
ring,lclngring.ChmimyngyHumtingheninnhngvthamnhngkinhkhng,nhiuvbtbccnhgiutratnchon
chtlmtin.TicngngheninhnhngphhoiPhtgiorthcp.TicnngheningCnchoxynhmtCaThun,hngtun,
hngthngemngipnduhchibi.NgitacnkchotinghemilnonxengCntHuxungThunAnhayngclildn
chngphitrnhthtxa,phi"khuynhcihm"nhcccucvihnhcavuachathiphongkin.TicnghenibnCnLaobtbucdn
chngbongbtheooThinCha,nhngcnbcngchccpthpkhngtheoothsbthuynchuynnnhngvngxaxi...
ClvbitticcquyntrnhthngvingDim,ctcchcamtnhnvinanninhcaocp,lilmtngitheooPhtnnbcon,thn
hukchonghevsticcaNgnhCnvbnCnLao.Dnchngchbitnghinrngngmmingchungvkutrinocthu.Ngay
cPhtgiobchnhphSiGnbibngynghlPhtntrongchngtrnhnghlhngnmqunnhncngchckhngthicha,
kucavikhngbitbaonhiuntmvnkhngchimhunggdnenscyuthc.
CibiutnguyquynkhipmnhtcangNgnhCnvcnglcikhgiitncnhtCnxydngbolcvquynuyl"BanCng
tcminTrung"(tclBanMtvLung),mttchclybolcvalmcucnhvalmphngtin,mtcchnmnalngikhcckh
authmnhmikhoilc.BanCngtcminTrungnhmtonhungthnbamnglistxungisngcaQunDnchnhminTrungm
cuimngli,cintkhaoannghitltrigiamngictnl"TriChnHm",mttrigiamtuylliuhnnhnglikhngkhiphntriP42
sthSiGncangNgnhNhu.Sauny,khingNgnhCnbxt,triChnHm,trckhibphhy,trthnhmttrungtmthm
vingcadnThaThindnnhaughinhiiticcanhNg.NhnsHongTrngThc,ngiHu,klimtchngtchnhsau
vtri"ChnHm":
NgnhCncchoxychncihmditngoithnhphHunhttchnhtrvnhngkmCnnhlmtin.iHuyn,mtnsinh
ngKhnhHu,nnnhncaCn,trongkhibgiamChnHmsngtcbith:
Trcphongcnhhutnhaicbit,
Rngniyangctrngian,
Nichachpmtchbotn,
Vcnhylcungvnginngc.
Dukhchhi!Dngliynghetingkhc,
156/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Caoanhntschtauthng,
Nhngnmmvchsutmtrng,
Nhqunquitheotngcngibut!
Trnnmmkbotnucbit,
Baothnngichuircditanhhi,
Vnghehnkhckmikhngthi!1
NunhnglithankhcthmthitcadnHuvnchalmxcngvthctnhmtssgia"hoiNg"muncheysthtlchsth
xinhyctmscangVNhNguyn,mtcnbtrungkinvthityucangDim,mtchngnhnsngtronglngch.Nguyn
nm1977,trongkhiangtnntiPhpvtrongnihoinimvdvngqunh,ngNguyncvitmtlthdivinhiutnhtitctnhcchs
liuchobnlngHongngTiutiPortland(thuctiubangOregon,HoaK).Vcbachngtiulbnctrithnthitcanhaunnng
Tiucchuynlthlichotitynghisdng.TrongoncpnngNgnhCn,ngNguynvit:
"Nm1963,nhBcrhnaiht,tiratuynngntiHuvbCnbt.Mcdtrongkhi"TponCngDn"cangCnmnh,titchc
ngangxngTnhtrngBnhnh(1956)vemchhnggianhiquyylinchoCnthy.TitngphcangcangCnvonh,
tngnhpgianngCnngaytrcmtngtavborng:"Vonhnythmnhcnhvvoykhngphinggpthcsvic
nc".ngCnlphsBcvtilginipPhp,cDuynna,btthngQu(ngVVnQu,hinangCalifornia,HoaK)khaibnmnh
vthngnhgiungTrnHngolinlcvitiTy...ngCnbtgiamBcvchongimhiti...nhngtinithng"CulTo
Tho,tilDngTu,nhngCukhnghictiu"...2
CcngVNhNguyn,NguynnDuyn,HongngTiulnhngchinhustsonvxutscnhtcanhNgtthingDimcnhnvi,
cngpkhkhn.RingngVNhNguyncnlchinhucangDimtrongphongtronghCngtrcnm1945nnibPhp
btygiamvngnirngKonTum.Nm1945,khicthvngvntiptchotngchnhtrnghchongDim.AnhemngDimht
scqumnngVNhNguynnnnhngtanglmTrngnamtrongtanglngNgnhKhi.
Nm1955,ngDimcngNguynlmTnhtrngBnhnh,nhngnkhitnhhnhchnhtrminNamtihithunlichoviccngcavuy
quynthNgnhCnlitmmicchchngphngNguynvigychongNguynchnnntchchuttaychnmnhvochc
Tnhtrng.ngNguynbtmntchcrivnhibun.Mynmsau,nglmgiosHnhcchoihcHuvnm1963,ngkhng
thbtmtchetaitrcvicnpPhtgionncngvinhiugiostiihcHuratuynngnlnnch,dobNgnhCnbt
giam.Cn"TponCngDn"lmttchcchnhtrcamtslinhmcvgiodndogimmcPhmNgcChicmumngvinchton
lngiCnggio.NhngvanhemngDimchtrng"cng"nn"tpon"phitgiithnhpvongCnLao.Vnginip
PhpmngNguyn,ngDuynvngTiubNgnhCnvucosccpntrongmc"thamnhng"sauny.Tuynhinqualititl
trnycangNguyn,aicngthynhngngibCnralnhbtlmtinubbtoanthmngCaoThDung,trongcunschLmth
nogitmtTngthnglihtscbnhvcNgnhCn.
157/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngyiHuv,tnhtrngbithmcaminTrungdongNgnhCnvlclngCnLaogyralmchotithylolngvbiquanchoch
.TithngngDimbaonhiuthtilightngCnvnhmCnLaotiminTrungbynhiu.Tngy,tiquytkhngbaogigpng
navmichonnm1964,saukhichnhNgblttimitrliC.
TuySiGn,nhngnhbnghuvhthnganninhtiminTrungcaNha,tibitrtrngCnvnhmCnLaocngngycnglnghnh,
cng lao u vo h su ti li, dn chng minTrung v min Cao nguyn mi ngy mi thng kh thm v ni on hn ch Dim cng thm
chngcht.TithngtrnhbynhngtilisailmcangCn(vcacvchngNgnhNhu)chongDimbitnnCngintilm,nhn
nhelschongimstti(cngnhhmdaschmuhaingTrnChnhThnhvTrnKimTuyn).Nhnginotisbngian
him,btlng.CncngdanttithticnghnhcngbngmtchindchktiNgnhCnvibnghuvcccngsvincangta.
Thykhnglaychuyncthicati,ngCnbndngthoncuha.
MthmtiangnginichuynvihaingibnlitNguynDinhvPhngNgcTrng(hinPhp)tinhringthbngngksNguyn
XunThng,GimcCngChnhminDuynhi,vngDnbiuonnhDngnthm.HaithuchcaocpcaCnchotibith
clnhngcvnminTrungvomitiraHumtchuynngCvnvticngnhau"thngcm",gylihakhxa...Hminiti
ltininngngay.TibohvnivingCnrng"Tithskhngbaogigpmtngtanavngtachlthchnhtng,cnghoc
b,khngxngngtigpgnichuyn".TibohaikthntncangCnvnirchongtabitrngNgnhCnvnhmCnLao
angphhoichvangphnbiTngthngDim.TibohvnhnkvingCnrng"Muchahbitsai,ngcdadm,
ngcthonmungcng..."SlinlynmtngibnvncnnhiubcontiminTrungnnnintiraduchoitPhng
NgcTrngrav,timnhminghntrongvicktiNgnhCn.CngnhthkhnghianhPhngNgcTrngi!
o0o
DithiPhpthuc,trongmutiuditnntamgiotiVitNamcthddngtruyno,ccvcongoiqucthngdavoquyn
hnhvlutlcathcdnhaydavotinbcvthlccaChnhphbohmuachucgiibnhdnVitNamtheoCnggio,xigicht
btclphonghactruyncadntcnhhcgioTrinhNhtnirtrongcunPhannhPhng.Phngcchvthonkhngmang
liktqubaonhiuchothamvngcaccgiosTyphngnhhcgioDuyAnhtrnhby:
...TrongsnhngngitheoCcgio,mtphnrtlnlvlimtheochkhngphilvtnngngsuxa,chonntacthnirngnh
hngtinhthncaCcgioividntalicnthnnhngthnhtchthchinna.3
Minnm1944,CnggiomichoraicunLchsoThinChatiVitNamvihumunchngminhshinhucngungcca
giohiThinChagioVitNamtronglchsdntcVit.Trongbita,ckhmmngTaThnhDrapierthanphinchcdnngho,chc
giibnhdndtntminghetheotinmngcaChaKit,cngiichcthctnhkhngbitnolcaGiaT".NgayctrthcCnggio
nhngLChnhTrung,NguynVnTrungcngphinulnldo"btkhoandung"caThinChagiolmchoccdntcngbtmn,
khct.
Tinghrngsbtkhoandungnitrn(ngoinhngldokhc)khinchoGiohivachmnngnviccdntcngvkhngthnh
cngmmntrongvicraogingtinmngtivngny.Saubnthkgingovinhngphngtinhnghu,nhnghysinhlnlao,phinhn
rngsngingtheoolutthtlti,ngoitrxPhiLutTn.Giohixemccnnvnhanglvgitr,lsailm,tili,do
gnnhbtbucngingphichnlagiadntcvgiohi...vli,trnhoctrungbnhcangiThinChagiong
158/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khngcggil"cao"hnnhngngikhngThinChaGio.4
Nhvy,saugn400nmraogingtinmng,ktqucavictruynbThinChagiotiVitNamquthtlnhnhoikhimtn,mthhinr
rngnhtlGiohiThinChagioVitNam,tuyccsthngtngnhngvmtsugcrvoqungiqunchngthbkhctvbt
dirakhitmthccaikhidntcvtnhbtkhhavbtkhdungcan.Nm1945,visdunhpcachnghaMcXt(mcngkhail
HiNghincuChnghaMcXtHNi)vvihplccamtcuckhngchinchngthcdnTyphngdongCngsniung
vndngvkthptondn,nhtlthnhphntiutsntrthc,nncctuslnhogiohiCnggioVitNamthccminguyc
anglmsuyhikhnngtruynbcaGiohi(trnmtttngcngnhhnhng)nnphnngcngkhaivdtkhotikhngvi
scmhocvthncangCngsn.
TicnnhlthlunlucacgimmcPhtDimLHuTlnnCngsnvthn.TicnnhHunhiulinhmcnhchaThch,cha
Thnh...thngdinthuyttihiQungTricaothuytduylinhvtnvinhThng...Dndn,ccvlinhmcnhBuDng,NguynVn
Thch,LVnLpcngvingNgnhNhuinquytnhphichnhtrhaGiohimkhiulhnhthnhmtchthuytvatritlva
chnhtrgilchnghaNhnVdatheothuytPersonnalismecanhtrthcThinChagioPhp,ngEmmanuelMounier.Tikhngctham
vnggiithchthuytNhnVy,nhngvtngquanthNhnVlvthcaconngi,lyconngilmgiaoimtrongtrctngquanvi
ngloi,thinnhinvThng.Ngiltrungtmphcv,cuthhnccthcthkhcnhdntc,nhnloi,haynhucuvtcht.
Conngicphnxcvphnhn,mlinhhnccoilchyuhnvlinhthingbttvlngungccavnminh.Linhhnctnhthing
lingvdochnhThngtoravckhnngvnlncmthngviThng...Trnmttrithc,thuytnychlmttrinkhaichthng
nhngphmtrtngiomthi.VthnhphntrthcThinChagio,mchyulmtslinhmchcPhphocLaM,vngNhu,
thainghntrongvngbmtchominnm1951,khingNhuriLtxungSiGn(s8ngYpres)mibtuthmnimvCnLao
trongvthhaicalthuyt,vcngkhaiphbintrntunboXHidongchtrng.
Nhngvlthuytnykhngxutsinhtthctlchsvkhngphhpvihinthcxhicadntcmchlphsnchpvcamtgiol
tngiocngvimtslthuytxhitkhuynhTyPhngnncuicngkhngthnhhnhcmtSquannhtqunvndngvothct
utranhcancnh.NhngbinghincucngphutrntunboXhi(cngnhsaunytrntpchQuHngdithingDim)do
chlnhngmntrangsctrthcqugichomtthiusmthi.Tuyqugithtynhngchlmtthtrangsc,nghalvdngvvngha
chohintrngxhiVitNam.
Chonnm1953,nhnhngyutkhchquancaquct,mchyulsymtrchngcakhiThinChagioLaMvHoaKquath
cNgnhDim(chkhngphinhtcngcalthuytNhnVCnLao),ngNhumiquytnhnngnghalthuytcamnh.Mtmt
ngNhu(cngccngTrnVn,TrnChnhThnh,NguynTngNguyn,TrnTrungDung)xinphpThtngBuLcchoraimtlc
lngththuynlytnl"LinonLaoCng"(Laollaong,CngcbitnghalCnggio)datheomthclnhovtchccalc
lngththuynThinChagioPhp.
TheokgidanhtingNeilSheehanthchnhCIAchitincho"LclngththuynCnggioPhp"vncmcnivianhemnhNg.Saukhi
anhemngDulleskhngcnhyvngvomtBoicthchngniCngsnHChMinh,CIAbnymtrtichnhchoNgnhNhuquah
thng "Lc lng Th thuyn Cng gio Php" quy ph Bo i hu c th a Ng nh Dim v Vit Nam lm Th tng. (Xem "A Bright
ShinningLie",trang179).Mtkhc,hhnhthnhmthingh"ionkt"vothng9nm1953,ihihabnhchoVitNam,visthamd
cangNhuvcconthchnhtrgmluncByVinvccgiophi.
V i hi i on kt ny, c mt ng nhn lch s cn lm sng t. Mt s ngi cn c vo mt on vit ca Bo i trong cun Le Dragon
159/611
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dAnnam(tr.328)mthikmnhnghincusChnhophthinrngngichbinthtslmtsquancptngngiPhpch
khngphilBoichorngchnhngNhulngingvaitrchngcaphongtrony.
Theo ti, ng Nhu ch l ngi tham d th ng ch khng h trong cp lnh o ca Phong tro ny. CTrn Vn n,Tng th k ca chnh
PhongtronylitkynhngkhunmtlncaPhongtrotrongChtchongmccTrnTrngKim,chphpPhmCngTc,
ngLngTrngTng,LinhmcHongQunh(idincchaLHuT)vThngtaTLinnhngtuytnhinkhngnhcnhgntn
cangNgnhNhuc(xemtpchucTBis26,ngy1/5/87,California).
Khngnhngth,ngonThmlichorngngikintrcscaihinylichnhlThtngNguynVnTmlm"theostngli
caQucTrng":
iviPhp,ng(NguynVnTm)cnglmvocnhkhxnhngHuvaicngbitrngngcnggianhnguthttnhthnPhp.Tuy
nhin,avThtng,ngphitheostngliQucTrng,lntingithayiquychLinHipQuc(6653),TriutpmtQucdn
ihixtlitnhtrngbanggiaoVitPhpvayuschtrquynchoVitNam(10953).(NhngNgyChaQun,onThm,tr.196
197).
VicTrnVnn,Tngthknmtrongnibcaihi,vngonThm,nginitingkhtnvtnhthcvtmtheodichuyntng
ngy,thonHiknitrncavuaBoilmtnhmln(vtnhhayc?)cnsalichong.Nukhng,licngicncvomsuy
dinbyrngvuaBoicngNgnhDimlmThtnglnhthnhtchvuytncaanhemngtachkhngphivplccaMv
Phpnhsthtlchsdinra.
Songsongvihaicngtcni,ngNhubmthotngchoraing"CnLaoNhnVCchmng".Thtra,khngaibitcngCn
LaoNhnVkhaisinhnhthnovbaogingoitrngNhuvccngchcangNhunitrnkia,vcngkhngaithyccnglnh,
niquycangnhthnonghincumnghaychngi.NhngquamtsbibobiulttngcangNhutrntunboXHi,
vquanhngtigingdytiTrungTmNhnVVnhLongsauny,nhiungi,nhnhvnChuBngLnh,phichnnnnngliph
phnthuytNhnVcangNgnhNhulmtthphatrnuNgmnhS,chpvbngmtmttnghln,gpnhtmithmttt
giolThinChagionchnghaNhnVcaMounier,phathmthuytNhnicaKhngT,cngthmvintcaChnghaTbnlnln
viChnghaDuyLinhchngCng...PhichngvsphatrnquthamlamnnghchlmStanleyKarnownhnnhrng:
ThuytNhnVcaNgnhNhuchuhaistaihi.Thnhtlngaycgiitrthcmcnkhngthhiunithuytlghungchiqun
chng.ThhailngNgnhNhubngithakcangMounierlnn"gianln"trntboThinChagioEsprittiPhp5
ngNhucgngtnghpmtcchqugngpnhiuhthngttngvothuytNhnVcangtavtuychyumphngthuytNhnV
caMouniernhngnglimuncnhngthmbt,ithaychocvlsngtoclpringcamnh.th,ngNhutuylmtngiVittr
thcnhnglixutthnttrngTynnkhngvitchaykhngmunvitbibngqucngmchvitbngtingPhp,ricngidchra
tingVit.Dobndchkhnglthtcttngcangta.NguynbntingPhpkhcmckhhiuvkhkhndintthbndchVit
ngchcchnnhmtmchri.Chngtrch,ngaynginy,mtlthuytgianhnlchosinhmnhqucgiasutchnnmtrinhth
mkhnglicmttcphmnghincuno,licngkhnglimtvttchsuytnotrongtmthcdntc,ngoitrmtthius"hoi
Ng"chbithhthaichNhnVnhtnho.
ngNgnhNhu,chacathuytNhnVCnLao,sinhtiHuvongy7thng10nm1910,saukhicnhnVnchngtiPhp,ngvo
160/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trng "Quc gia CT Hc" (Ecole Nationale des Chartres, ngnhArchiviste Palographe), mt trng ni ting Paris m nu ti khng lm th
ngiVitNamduynhttrcchccPhanVK.RatrngvvVitNamnm1938,ngNhulmvicchoNhaVnKhTrungngng
DngtiHNitnm1938nnm1943.Tnm1943,nglmchsphngVnKhTaKhmSHu,vtrongthigiannyngcng
TrnVnL,nglNgTinVnphngcaNamtriu,migichcChtchHingChnhnChuBncaVnKhnhNguyn.Nm1945
saukhiNhtochnhPhp,ngcchnhphTrnTrngKimcgichcgimcVnKhTrungngtiHNi.Tuylmtnhtrthcxut
thntmtgianhquanlinhngngkhngchuvitbngtingVitmchvitbngtingPhp.Chngtlvmttcphmngchvitcnht
mtbokholun7,8trangmlivitbngtingPhpnhanl"LaFtedelOuvertureduPrintempsHanoisouslesLEPosterieurs" 6 v
dithinhtCngha,huhtdinvnquantrngcangDimudongNhuvitbngPhpvnringVVnHidchraqucng.Cn
phinirranhthgiithchvnhngbivitktnNgnhNhutrntunboXHivivvnkhcmckhhiu,nnlmchokgi
Karnownhnnhchnhxcrng"nhngngitrthccngkhnghiunithuytNhnVcaNgnhNhu".
HinphpVitNamCngHanm1956tuylsnggptrtucanhiunginhngcisnchnhvndongNhusonra.Cngnhbn
chungquytcaHinphptrckhibiuquyttiQucHiLpHintrthnhvnkincnbncaqucgialdongNhunhunnhvchung
quyt.BnHinphpny,ngoimtvitngmtrnmttngthanhcvNhnVhocclinhnthuytDuyLinhnh"gitrsiuvit","s
mng","nhnv","duylinh","toha",...cnnidungthtscankhngxindngcchtnoyutnhcnbnnuccathuytNhn
V.Chaildogiithchhintngny:ThnhtlvthuytNhnVhntpqunnkhngcnhngyutnhcthtorantco
ringbitchoHinphpvthhailnhucuquynlcchnhtrqulnnnngNhubtchpcinidungNhnVdcnmhchathnh
hnhavoHinphpnhngnguyntcchnhtrchpsinhhotdnchcaqucgiavquyntdocacngdntptrungquynhnh
vomtthiusthngtr.Nghalchxngtiatnhctitrongblutcnbnvcaocpnhtcaqucgia.
Munxemmthinphpldnchhaycti,tachcnnghincuhaiquannim:mtlquynlcqucgiaquahnhthitchcccuqucgia
thucvai,vhailquynhnhcacngdnccngnhnvquynhnhthno?
HinphpNhtCngHa,trongthin"iukhonCnbn",iu2,vitrng"Chquynthucvtondn"nhngon3,iu3thlixcnh
"Tngthnglnhoqucdn" 7nghaltchrihainim"chquyn"v"quynlc"rakhinhau.Lmsaonhndncthlmchcquc
giakhiTngthngchkhngphihlnhoqucdn?,d"qucdnynhimvhnhphpchoTngthngdncvnhimvlpphpcho
quchicngdodnc"(iu3,on1).M"y"theobndchPhpvnchnhthc 8licnghal"phong"(investir)tcltraotonquyn.Mt
cchthct,c5nm,ngidncmlphiu"phong"mtngTngthngcaitrmnhritrvkhngcnthamdgvoquynlcqucgia
na.NhtasthyrtrongbnHinphpccmcsaucngnhtrnthctca9nmcaitr,TngthngDimtptrungtrongtaynhngquyn
hnhhphintolnmQuchichlmtbphnphthuccdngluthaccquytnhchnhtrcahnhphpmthi.Cngdo,
nguyntcPhnquyncbncratrongHinphpchcnlchiubixotrnhbngchoch.
ChquynthucvtondnvTngthnglnhoqucdnnghekhngkhcgnglnho,nhndnlmch...caHinphpCngSnhin
naytiqunh.imkhcbitduynhtlCngSntptrungquynlcvomtchnhtrbnhiungicnhinphp1956thtptrungquynlc
vomtTngthngDim.Nguyntcchquynbchpnhth,nquannimtondnthlicngmhhnna.BndchtingPhp
ngtrncngbol"Chquynthucvtonthqucdn"vchqucdnnycncdngnhiulntrongHinphp.
Qucdn,theolthuytdnchTyphngmhinphp1956pdng,lmttpthtrutngkhngnhngbaogmthhhintimcnc
ccthhquavsaunyna,nlmt"phpnhntchrikhinhngcnhnhpthnhqucgia"9,vlutcthnnhnhngiukin
hnhxchcnng"qucdn"nhiu18quynhrng"quynbucvngcphitheoththcviukinlutnh"hoc"quynbuc
vngcphitheoththcviukinlutnh"hociu50xcnhrngphihi"cciukinkhcdliutrongluttuync".
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Vqucdn(nationalVietnamien)khngphilnhndn(peupleVietnamien)nnngayccichquynmngidnminNamcnmgimt
cchtrutngphnucaHinphpthtracngchlmtthchquynlthuyttrngiyt.
Nhvy,2nguynlcnbnnhtlmcschochohinphp1956lChquyncaaivAilnhonilnrtrcangNgnh
NhumuntptrungquynlcvomtcnhnTngthngcthcaitrmtcchcti,phndnch.Chonntakhnglylmngcnhinkhi
thyquynHnhphpcaTngthngchngnhnglntquyncaQuchimckhicnbaogmctnhLpphpna.
Tngthngbnhimvcchchcttccccngchcdnvquns(iu37)bnhimccsthn(iu35),ltngtlnhticaocaquni
(iu37)cquynnx,ngim,honcihnhpht,huynn(iu37)kkt,phchuncchipnhquct,thaymtqucgiatrongvicgiao
thipvingoiquc(iu35),tuynchinvkkthacvisthathuncachmtnatcsquchi(iu36)tuynbtnhtrngkhncp
bong,giinghim(iu44)tchctrngcudn(iu40).VvccvthmphnticaoudoTngthngbnhim(vcxemnhmt
cng chc c th b cch chc) nn trn thc tTng thng chng nhng trc tip nm gn ht mi c cu ca Hnh php t cp B trng,
Tnglnhchonnhnvinhtrc,anhbinhnhmcnckhnngkhuynhlotviungTphpna.QuynLpphptuynilthucv
Quchi(iu55)nhngtrnthctTngthngcngcquynlmlutnhngtrongkhiquynlmlutcaTngthngthbtkhxmphmngc
li,quynlmlutcaQucHicthbTngthngkhngch.Thtvy,ngoiciquynngnhincchuyndthoraQuchi(huht)
cphchunnhanhchng(iu56),hinphp1956cnchophpTngthng,vldokhncp,cquynbanhnhsclutgiahaikhahp
Quchi(iu41),hoctrong"tnhtrngkhncp,chintranh,nilon,khnghongkinhthoctichnh",TngthngcthcQuchiy
quynrasclutthngxuyn(iu41).iukhihilchcTngthngmicnhnnhvtuynbtrongtrnghpnothtnhtrngtr
thnhkhncp(iu44).
VngnschlscmnhhuytmchcachnnngNgnhNhuduytrchociu43caHinphpphngilpcthlmt
litchnhquyn.iu43vitrng"trongtrnghpngnschkhngcQuchichungquyttrongthihnnnhiu60thTngthngc
quynksclutngnschchotikhasau"v"nuvsauQuchicbcbhocsainhngiukhoncasclutngnschthQuchi
phigiiquytcchuqugynndovicbcbhocsai".Thtchacmthinphpnoclivnvacnhcovaedaqucdnnh
iu43ny!
Cngtronghinphpny,vththcbiuquytcaQuchi,"mtdnhocdtholutcQuchichpthunchcgitrnuhitcs
1/3tngsdnbiu"(iu69).Quynh"asphctngthius"phndnchnychcthgiithchbngchnhtrenticangNhu
munphngtrnghptngsdnbiugiancamnhbtrthnhthiustrongQuchi.NhngtrongkhiQuchi"ddi"viTngthng
nhththngclikhiTngthngphquytmtolutcalpphp,Quchiphihitcs3/4khkhnmictithngqua.M3/4ny
phi"minhdanhuphiu"(iu58)Tngthngimmtxemaidmchngliquynphquytcamnh!
NgoiraTngthngcquynnhchvicpdngmthocnhiuoluttrongnhngvngmTngthngtuynbtnhtrngkhncp(iu44).
MtvinBohinccquynhnghincuvquytnhxemcciukhoncbthphinkhng,nhngvinnygm9ngithvch
tchv4thmphnhaylutgiadoTngthngbnhimri(iu86).Cuicng,Tngthngcquynnghsaihinphp(iu90)vU
bansaihinphpphi"thamkhokin"khngnhngcaVinBohin(bnhn)rimcncacTngthngna(iu91).
Tmli,theoHinphp1956ny,ciHinphplmbnhphongdnchchochNgnhDimsut7nm,thTngthngcyquyn
lctrittiuhoclmtlitccolutnommnhkhngvacngnhbanhnhvthihnhccolutnoclichomnh.
NuTngthngkhngchquchinhvy,thngcliQuchicquyngiviTngthngkhng?Tngthngkhngbtbucphiiu
162/611
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trntrcQuchi,khngchutrchnhimtrcQuchivkhngthbQuchibttnnhimlt.TngthngtipxcviQuchi"bng
thngip"vnumun"cthdccphinhpcaQuchi",cngnhch"khithycn,TngthngthngbochoQuchibittnhhnhQuc
gia"(iu39).
Quanhngiuktrn,tathyrrngkhithitkraHinphpny,quthtngNhumunchoanhmnhtrthnhmtthvngphongkin
vinhnghnhthcvngnngcvdnchtdo...ChnhngNgnhDimcngcngkhaibytstnngnidungcabnHinphp
nytrongbiphngvncanhtboPhpLeFigarongy23v24thng3nm1959:"Cnphinhliqukhcachngti.Chchnhtr
VitNamthinocngvy,thnhlptrnnguyntciukhinvicnckhngphidonhngibiucaqucdnmdonhngngvuac
nhngttngsngsutpht...ChngtiphilpliVitNamhthnglunlnhngyxa"10.
ngNhunglv"ttngsngsut"mangvvuaNgnhDimphongkincathiiqunchvlmnguynthcancVitNamCng
hatheoTngthngch,xydngtdodnchchominNamchngCng!Trchgncchngmt!
QuannimthnhcaHinphp1956mtaphixtnlquynhnhcangidncquynhnhthnotrongchng"Quynlivnhim
vcangidn".ycnglchngnilnrrngnhtcikthutlabptinhvicangNgnhNhu,chacaHinphp1956,phtxutt
snhgisailmscmnhcamtchdnchtdo,vscmnhvchcaqunchngtrongcucchintranhchnglimtkthnh
Cngsn.
Phtxuttquannimcbnrngchcnmtchnhquynmnh(trongnghabolcqunshocbolcchnhtr)lchcthtntivng
bn,Hinphp1956nhndanhchnghachngCngkimsotvgiihntiamiquyntdovdnchcangidn.Quannimny
khngmxannhndnnhlscmnhtrctvtrngkcaminNamVitNam,cngnhkhngmxansinhhotdnchnhlv
khhuhiunhtikhngvikth.
Thtvy,saukhimuHinphpvimtmtngmaquitrongtritlDuylinhvsaukhibtbucphixcnhmtcchkhngthtrnh
cnhngnguynlcnbnmHinphpno(kcHinphpCngsn)cngphiranh"qucgiacngnhnvbomnhngquyncn
bncaconngi"(iu5),"mingidnucquynsinhsngtdovanton"(iu9),thnlcivotngchititcthcatngsinhhot
cangidn,miiuarachocvtdodnchubgiihnlingaybngmtiukhclin.
Hinphpxcnh"quyntdonghiponvquynnhcngccngnhn"nhngiu25ngaysaulinirngvicsdngccquynny
phi"theonhngththcviukinlutnh"(LutnhnhDs23vvicthnhlpNghiponbtphinpiulchnhquyncuxtv
quytnh,nhngDnylikhngnhramtgiihnnocvthigiancuxt).Hinphpcngxcnhcquynnhcngnhngcngngay
trongiu25th"quynnhcngkhngcthanhnivinhnvinvcngnhntrongccngnhhotnglinquannqucphng,an
ninhcngcnghocccnhucuthityucaisngtpth"nhnglikhngcmtvnkin"lutnh"nogiithchrrngccngnhcm
chdoTngthnghocchnhquynxcnhly.
Cng vy, ni rng tnh cch ring t ca th tn khng th b xm phm" nhng li thm "tr khi cn bo v an ninh cng cng hay duy tr trt t
chung"(iu12)chongidncquyn"tdoilivcng"rilithmngoitrtrnghp"lutphpngncnvduyncvsinhhayanninh
cngcng"xcnhngidncquyn"tdoxutngoi"nhngtr"trnghplutphphnchvldoanninh,qucphng,kinht,tichnh
haylichcngcng"(iu13)nirngcquyn"tdohihpvlphi"nhnggiihn"trongkhunkhlutnh"(iu15)Hinphpcngcng
nhnl"chcthbtgiamngikhiccuphiucacquancthmquyn"mlikhngxcnh"cquancthmquyn"lnhngcquanno
chonnsaunycrtnhiucquanmtvanninhchmnicangNhu,ngCn,khngnmtronghthngcaBTphpmvncquynbt
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ngidchockhngccuphiu.
Nichung,kimsotvbpnghtquyncangidn,Hinphp1956tungramtmgmDamoclstreotrnungidnvinhngt
ng m chnh quyn mun gii thch nh th no cng c nh "iu kin lut nh, l do quc phng, an ninh cng cng, an ton chung, trt t
chung,lichcngcng,olcngcng..."Vbomtiaskimsotny,Hinphpcnnngchtrngnylnthnhnguyntctng
quttrongiu28:"quyncamingiucxdngtheonhngththcviukinlutnh".iu28ququytnyngknmtcch
hontonvvnhvinttcmihyvngcangidnvmisinhhotdnchvantoncnhndich,ngthitraolimtcchhon
tonvvnhvinquynsinhstvotaymtthiusgianhhNgangnmquynlctrongtay.
NgoikgiShaplen(trongbiTheCultofDiem)nnglichtrchHinphp1956canhtCngha,nhiulutgiaVitNamtntuicng
nghimkhclnnHinphplcti,chkhnglinhgvithuytNhnVc.LutgiaonThmtrong"Nhngngychaqun"phi
bra11trang(kttrang23)phntchslinhgiathuytNhnVvHinphpNhtCngha,linhgiaHinphpvQuchi,gia
QuchivTngthng,cmtnhnxtnhsauy:
Tritlchnhtrcang(NgnhNhu)munara,ctmtttrongonmuvphncnbncaHinphp26101956,licnhn
mnh... thnh khu hiu chnh thc.Tuy nhin, nhng tng ny ch th hin ra hai thin u ca hin php 1956. Cn phn c cu chnh
quyn,nghalkhichuynsangphnngdng,vnuxtvlutcngphpthrtkhthytngquanggialthuytNhnVvccgungmy
qucgia.Bith,nm1956tikhnghoinghi,tuymtsngihilngvchollnutinchngtamikintoctrnmtcnbntritl
chnhtrvngvng.Trili,tighinhnplcrtmnhmcathct,canhnvtvthicuctrongvicxypmngnncach.
LutgiaNguynHuChu,giosihcLutkhoaParis,nguynBtrngBPhThtngVNCHnm1957,1958vclinhvichnhtnh
minNam,cnhngphnxtkhngttpgchoHinphpNhnV1956canhtCngha.TrongLunnCaohcLutkhoa(Mmoire
DES,1960)ngNguynHuChu(hinPhp)saukhiphntchtngchngtngmcktlunrng:
"XtnlchscccchvttngchnhtrcaVitNam,thtkhmkhngcngnhnrnghthngcaHinphpngy26101956qulmt
sthoihasovihthngchnhtrctruyn.TivHinphp26101956gilinhnggkmtinbnhtcachxac,ribtcbng
nhngskimchtntinnht.
Domcinimvlnho(leadership)ctrnhbytrongbndchchnhthccaHinphpVitNamCnghakhngccinghamcc
nhXhihcMtraogilcu.
(DanslhistoiredesinstitutionsetdesidespolitiquesduVietnam,ilseradifficiledenepasreconnaitrequelesystmedelaconstitutiondu26Octobre
1956constituauneregressionparrapportausystmepolitiquetraditionnel.Carilareprisdelanciensystmecequilalemoinsprogressistepourle
completerparlesmoyensdecontraintelesplusmodernes.AinsicettenotiondeLeadershipquifiguredanslatraductionofficielledelaConstitutionde
laRpubliqueduVietnamnapaslesensquelessociologuesAmricainsluidonnentoriginal).
CngiosNguynVnBng,ThcsCngPhp,VintrngVinQucgiaHnhchnhSiGnthtrongonktcagiotrnhnmthnhtC
nhnLutvmnLutHinphpvChnhtrhccaihcLutkhoaSiGn,vitrng:
Thtvy,ngayiukhonthba,chngtanhnthy"TngthngLnhoQucgia".Tngthngbnhimvcchchcccsthncngcng
chccaocpkhngcnkincaQuchi.Trivinguyntcphnnhimmiu3ghirl"nguyntcphnnhimgiahnhphpvlpphp
phirrt".Hinphp1956dnhchoTngthngquynksclutgiahaikhahpQuchi,quynksclnhtuynbtnhtrngkhncp,bo
164/611
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nghocgiinghim.
MtstptrungqumcquynhnhcngsthtiuilpvshindincamtchnhngduynhtachNgnhDimlnlni
nmtchquynhnhcnhnpdngnhngphngtinchuynchmtingsngngy1111963avodvng.
Ni dung ca Hin php 1956 l thoi ha v c ti nh th nhng c mt ngi c ngoan c v xun ng binh vc cho bng c. l ng
NguynVnChc,culuts,cuThngnghs,nguynChtchLinonCnggioVitNamtiM:
"VHinphpkhngchiulccnghnhthctvttnhintrnviciuhnhqucgiachonntkhingitadavoHinphpphbnh
mtch,mtchnhquyn.
ngMuvnhngkngsaudavoHinphpnhtCnghalnnchnhquynNgnhDim,ngthiphntchvphbnh
Hinphpnhmthcgi.Rttichkhngkhnngvvyphmnhngiusailmthbo".
Vitnhth,ngChcdidtttcomnhbaiu:
Thnhtlvanngcnvluthcvautrvchnhtrhc.HinphpchnhlvnkinLutphpcaonhttrongsinhhotcamtqucgia.T
cnbnvtrongkhunkh,mththngphplut"thctvttnhin"chnhthnhlmtrngtichomtxhidns.PhbnhHin
phpchnhlphbnhbnchtcach,cnphbnhccblutthmilphbnhhintngcach.HunggHinphp1956lilsn
phmutaycachNgnhDimchkhngphilthaktmtchkhc.Chonnphphnsnphmchnhlphphncncc
chnhtrvvnhacach.HiuHinphpkiungChcl,trnmtlchs,chochngngoiHinphphocchoHinphpclpvi
chnhngDimtngcaongotuynb"saulngHinphpcncti".
Thhailthiphndnchcamtnginhiuthonchnhtr.Hinphp,trnthctvnichocng,lmtkhcchnhtrgiangi
dnvchnhquynmthngquaccvdnc,ctholunvbiuquyttiQuchi(rinucn,cnphictuchnhchophhpvi
iukinsinhhotthctcaqucgia).Vythtnh"cnghnh"caHinphpctnhchnhtr(nhiuhnlLutphp)mylquynlc
chnhtr.(Vdiu3xcnh"TngthnglnhoQucgia"nhiu4caHinphp1992caHNixcnh"ngCngsnVitNam,...llc
lnglnhoNhncvxhi").Vy,phbnhchchnhtrcachnhquynNgnhDimthkhngthkhngemHinphprammx
c.NgoitrxemHinphplmtkhcmamchnhquynmunctixblcnocngc.
ThbalngayciuquinmngChcniracngchngnathtrongtpHik,ti(vnhng"kngsau"nomngChccl
bchtngtnglctht)khngchdavomiHinphpphbnhchNgnhDim.Hinphp1956,hiutheokiungChc
(nghalkhngphnnhbnchtcachcthquadnglmchunmcphphn)mcnlratnhctiphndnchnhth,th
trnthctchcntrotrhidnhincnmcno.
Vanngcnvutrvlutlnchnhtr,lithonphndnch,ngChccngoancbnhvcchNgnhDimnnphnngbiu
kinhavchlmthuicht,trtrtrcmthi.
Nitmli,Hinphplvnbncngkhaivlnntngquychiulutphpcaqucgiamngaytnhngngyucach,nhngngi
rancnavomtnidungctitrngtrnnhththtrnthct,mtthctcbngbtvcheybngmnglicnganmtv
dyc,ngidncnchuthngkhngnno,gitrvvthconngicncnghagtrcmtkcmquyn.Mtkcmquynangngo
nghvicithuyt"nhnv"trtrncamnh!
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VcithuytNhnvuNgmnhS,khngcmtgitrnitino,khngcmtscmnhlchsno,khngxutsinhtthctytng
cadntc,khngphhpvilngdnvthii,khngkttinhcthnhnhngnguyntcchosinhng,cuicngbhydittheoch
nhmtmntrangscthlbvisuxunghthigian.
o0o
TuyhptcvingNgnhDimtnm1942vitcchmtchinhu,mtcnbvohngkcunht,nhngquthtticngkhngnm
vngtintrnhthnhlpvphttrincangCnLao.TichbitrngvoumaThunm1955,nhnknimnmthnhtngychpchnh
cangDim,ticTaibiuChnhphTrungVitmiraHudinthuyttirpMorinvti"ChsNgnhDimvichnhnghaquc
gia",vsauticngNgnhCnminnhPhCamtuynthgianhpngCnLao.Mtbnthtquclmltuynth
cthitlptiphngkhchnginhchnhcaanhemngDim,ngaytrcbnthctngChaGisu,cngk,chndungngDim,mt
cygmvchiclhngngtrangtrchobnth.Vngk,tikhngcnnhhnhdng,musc,nhngticnnhmibalithgmc:
"TrungthnhviTquc,trungthnhvilnhtNgnhDim,vtrungthnhvingCnLaoNhnV".ngNgnhCnmcolngen,bt
khnngngcnhbnthidincholnhtgitaycaochpnhnlith.Trcvsaucngcrtngnhnvtcaocptrongvngoi
chnhquyntuynthvongtiyvudongCnidinlnhtchpnhnlith.TrongsccsquanvongCnLaotiHungheni
cTngLVnNghim,itTnThtnh,TnThtXng,NguynVinh,PhngNgcTrngv.v...
vithngsauthchnhngNhuraNhaTrangchtabuihpthnhlp"QunyCnLao"trongquninhtiktrongmtchngtrc.
Tilinghenivocuinm1955thTrungngngCnLaoNhnVcthnhlpdongNhugichcTngBthng.UvinTrungng
nggmcccngTrnTrungDung,LTrungDung,HcMinh,TrnQucBu,VNhNguyn,LVnng(haingNguynvnghinc
mttihingoi).
Vokhongunm1956,mtTrungTmNhnVcthitlptiVnhLong,vnlgiophncaGimmcNgnhThc,dochnhngtav
mtslinhmcphtrchqunlcngnhginghun.CngchcqunnhnphilnltithhunlpNhnVVnhLongny.
VonhngnmucachDim(khong1956,57)timinNam,iucngnghengitaninthuytNhnVnhngChuBngLnh
kli:
Chngtahnchaquncmtthikvngsoncathuyt"NhnV",thikvngchicachNgnhDim.Vothikny,nitithuyt
NhnVlnitimtci"mtchnhtr"cathii.Btkucngnitihaich"NhnV".NgitalmnhnukhnghiubitthuytNhnV
thkhngchngCng,cuncc.LinaVnhLong,nggimmcNgnhThcmramtTrungtmhunluyncnbsutlttcp
BtrngtrxungvNhnV.ChcnhngngicmnhbngNhnVyramiccmtnglnhnvcamnhtnaytmynnvi
cquanmtvcach.RinhngGimc,Chsnoihc"NhnV"VnhLongvulnmthnhdinc,raiutalcnb
gocicachri11.
ngnhngChuBngLnhvit,thuytNhnVvngCnLaoraicdlunbntnmamai,chtrchnomtthigianrithuyt
chmdnvobngtiqunlng,khngcnainhcnhnna,cnngCnLaoNhnVthbinthtrthnhng"CnLaoCnggio",gy
thngkhiulinhchonhndnminNam,vtomitrngthunlichoCngsnbnhtrng.
MttrongnhngldochnhyunhtkhinchothuytNhnVbchtrchmnhmltiTrungtmhunluynVnhLongcngnhtrongccbui
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thuyttrnhccaphng,ngitachcnghecclinhmcgingdygnnhhontonvgiolThinChagiomthi.Cchcvincm
thybch"la"emvVnhLongbthuytphctheoCnggio.lnhngduhiucngkhaiutincachDimtrongchnhschk
thtngiovtrongCnggiohaminNamVitNamsauny.
LdoquantrngkhckhinchongCnLaoNhnVbmamai,chtrchlvhuhtnhngkgianhpngukhngphitheouivsng
chtchomtltngcchmngmchvmuncimnhtheoscmnhcachcmauthngquantinchc,chvmunchng
nhngcquynclidochbanb.T,dlunmamaingCnLaolng"CaoLn"hayngCnLaoNhnVlng"Cncu
Ngnv".NhngiulmchonhndncmthuthnchvngCnLaohnclchtrngchpnhnvngidnmtcchch
thngcacplnhochnhquynvcaccngvinCnLao.PhbnhthuytNhnVcangNgnhNhu,giosButtingervit:
"CithuytgitoNhnVkhngbaogitrthnhcmtchnghachnhtrchnchnh,tdo,nhnbn.Chthuytnychcthcngi
tatheouimtcchtrungthnhnugiithanhnintrthcvttcccngphichngCngcthamdtdovoisngchnhtrcaquc
gia"12.
TuynhinvonhngnmucachDim,taihadongCnLaoNhnVgyrachonhndnminNamchankhngkhipvtrng
trnnhtkhingCnLaoNhnVbinththngng"CnLaoCnggio".Tixinmdungocyxcnhrrngrngtikhngch
quanvnhmmttngquthahintng,nghaltikhngnintonthngiCnggiotiminNaml"CnLaoCnggio"bivc
rtnhiungiCnggiotiminNamtngxthnchngihocngngoikhngnghchNgnhDim,hnnacncnhiungi
CnggiolilnnnhnauthngcachNgnhDimlkhc.Thtvy,trcht,asnhngngiCnggioNamphn(NamKc)(d
nhinngoitrmtsrthimhoicclinhmcvgiodntheoGimmcNgnhThc)quytnhkhngnghngDim.Vicnychnh
ChuBngLnh(trongtcphm"CnLaoNhnVng")vJeanLacouture(trongtcphm"LeVietnamentredeuxPaix",ParisVIe,1965)nir.
ThhailmtshnggiophmvnhnvtchnhtrCnggioTrung,Nam,BcchngihocbthptcvichNgnhDimvng
CnLaomtibitcnhcccchaLHuT,cchaNguynVnHin,cclinhmcQunh,Ca,Vui,Dng(lchakcclinhmc
trongnhmngSng),ccnhns,chnhkhchtntuinhccngLQuangLut,TrnVnL,NguynTnHon,Trnin,TrnTrngSanh,
TrngVnHu,NguynVnHuyn,NguynVnTrung,LChnhTrung,MaiNgcLiu...NgaychnhGimmcNguynVnBnh,trongsutthik
caiqungiophnSiGn,vnvthclpkhngchytheoqulych.lchakrtnhiungiCnggiobanutheongDim
nhngriphntnhtrthnhilpvichminhnhlngPhanXngvNguynThi,cuTngGimcVitTnx.ngNguynThil
mtnhtrthctrtuihotngclcchongDimthingDimcnM.ngThithucdngdihNguynHuBiclinhthntnh
vianhemngDim,thmphibchngDimluvongrancngoivitschphbincngthgiilnnch.(HinngNguyn
ThiCalifornia).NitmlichciasngiCnggiominBcvLinkhuTdicvngiCnggiominTrungltheochDim
trthnh"CnLaoCnggio".
Tisaolictnhtrngbintht"CnLaoNhnV"ra"CnLaoCnggio"?TheoditintrnhhnhthnhcangCnLao,tathygm3giai
on:
Giaionmtbtuvonm1953khingNgnhNhubmtkhaisinhrang"CnLaoNhnV"mascplnhotrungngul
nhngngikhngCnggionhccngTrnVn,HunhKimHu,TrnChnhThnh...CllcbygingNhuchcnhthnhlpmt
tchctheocngthcccng"DnchXhiThinChagio"uchu,nhngvimtchtrngktnpnhngngikhngCnggiovo
ngvngNhubitrnglchsGiohiVitNamvchnhCnggioVitNamtngbmangtinglmtaysaichoTy,cngnhbitrngtrong
khiCnggioVitNamkhngcnhngnhnvtchnhtrcchmngtntui.Mtyutkhquantrngkhcnallcbygi,ngNhuchtrng
lpngnghchomtNgnhDimsvlmThtngdichqunchinghcaQuctrngBoimthi,chchahc
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nghtrutphvuaBoi.NicchkhcngNhuchnghnhnhthcmtngDnchThinChagioutranhnghtrngcmquyn
kiuTycvilnhtnhAdenauerlmThtng.
Giaionhaiktnm1955,khingDimvchpchnhvcngccquynlcthhaingNhu,CnchnhthctchcngCnLaoNhn
VvichtrnglynhngtnCnggiolmchlcnngct,nhngvntiptcthunpvsansquynhnhkhngquantrngvinhng
ngikhctngiotrnhbymtbmtchnhtronkt,dlcbygismngcaQuctrngBoicnhotvccngphi
btiudit.SdlythnhphnCnggiolmchlclvsaucucdicnm1954,huhtngiCnggiominBcvminTrunglhu
thunvngchcchochDimri.VsdchaquytlitCnggiohatonbnglvchcngpnhiukhkhntrongcngcuckin
thitqucgiavgungmychnhquyncnyut,ihisnggpcanhiutrthc,nhiuchuynvin,nhtlnhiusquancaocptrong
qunimiasltncacctngiokhc.
Giaionbabtuvocuinm1957khianhemngDimtintngrngchcahthcsvngvngri,vhphicmtchlcthun
nhtst,hontontrungkininvic"Cnggioha"minNamlmcchtihucanhNgdomngCnLaoNhnVbin
thnhng"CnLaoCnggio",lytngionhyututinvcnhtlmcschomichnhsch,nhtlchnhschnhns,nnngvin
gmtonlnhngtusvgiodn.Cngt,nhngngvinCnLaoNhnVkhngCnggiobtubng,khngcnlinhgnanh
ccngVNhNguyn,TnThtXng,LVnNghim...vti.NhngnhnvttngcngtcvichDimvothikhkhnlcunhbcs
HunhKimHu,TrnVn,NguynTngNguyncngxalnhrichnginhNg(bcssaunygianhpnhmCaravelle,ratuynngn
chngichnhschcticachDim).
PhntchvqutrnhbagiaionphongtrocangCnLaoCnggionhnitrn,tathynibtln2imrtrrng:Thnhtlngay
tu,ngNgnhNhulytritlDuyLinhcaKitgiolmcttychochovchthuytcang,cngnhlyhnhthitchccamt
lclngchnhtrThinChagioTyphnglmkhunmutchc,mbphnngoivirrngnhtlTngLinonLaongCnggio
tronggiaionmt.imthhaithucvschlc,ltinnmcchtihu"CnggiohaVitNam",conngduynhtlnmchtvs
dngquynchnhnhmtvkhtruyngiogiaionba.
Thtra,thnhlpmtngchnhtrvimtchophtxuttmttritltngiokhngcglsailmvxuxa,nukhngmunnilmtiu
nnlmvtngiono,phntinhtynhtcan,cngtmcchgiithotvthnghoaconngic.Nhngnchtrnnchighgmkhi
ngchotngiocamnhngivctnbngphngschnphyditcctngiokhc(trnmtnhnvn)vctikhngchsinhhot
caqucgia(trnmtchnhtr).Viuchlmhyhoisinhlccadntc,tiuhykhnngphttrincaqucgiavkotqucrakhi
tinhacathiitrvthiqunchctiphongkinmthi.liuCngsnVitNamanglmvsthtbinhanhemDim,Nhu,
Cntngthtbi.
ngCnLaoNhnV,vthamvngctncan,binthnhng"CnLaoCnggio"vtraochomtschcsctronghnggiophm
nhngcquynchnhtrsiuchnhph.inhnhrrngnhtltrnghpcagimmcPhmNgcChivmtscclinhmckhc,chnh
chicochngen,bngtrthnhnhngvlnhcha,iungccngvinCnLaoCnggioempbc,khnhctrikhpminNamVit
Nam,mcbitltiminTrungvCaoNguynTrungphn.
GimmcPhmNgcChilai?ThitondnkhngPhp(19461954),nglmtgimmcacgiophnBiChulmcngcchoquni
vinchinhPhp(trihnvichtrngqucgiacagimmcLHuTPhtDim).KhiqunPhpriluibvngNamBcVit,PhmNgcChi
dn3linhmcnNamnhquxungtrcmtitVanuxemxinhlingbi.PhmNgcChituytheoTynhngcntheotinna
nncngbctngDeLattreDeTassigny(trongHistorias25)vBoi(trong"LeDragondAnnam")mtltaylmpphechuynnghip.
KhimidicvoNam,PhmNgcChimuthnhlp"TponCngdn"(mtngchnhtrgmtonngiCnggio)nhngbanhemng
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Dim,trongchtrng"cng",btbuc"TponCngdnphigiitnnntgimmcPhmNgcChigianhpngCnLaovc
NgnhCnchongchunglmngchtch.PhmNgcChitngiMtuyntruynchong"CnLaoCnggio"vcgiiThinCha
gioMgiptinbcrtnhiuvcngchnhgimmcPhmNgcChivnngthnhlptolnhsMtiHu.SaukhichDimblt
,ngisaoPhmNgcChiblummtthigiannhngricngtrliviavlnhchadichNguynVnThiunhWilliamJ.Lederer
mttrong"OurOwnWorstEnemy".
VonhngnmvngsoncachDim,tuynhndnsngdichhkhcctiri,nhngtkhing"CnLaoNhnV"binthnh
ng"CnLaoCnggio"thdnminNammithcssngtrongcnhangctrngiannhngLQun,mtgiosihcHu,vit:
SxydngmtchthuytchnhtrchngCngkhngphilmtiusai,trilinliucnthitnalngkhc.Tuynhinvnlch
thuytphicttrncnbnno.Mtchthuytkhngttrntinhthndntcmlikhngchtinhthnqucgiavisngchnhtrca
connginhththchtonnmt"gicmnghihng"chngninvicchngCng13.
LgicmnghihngvngCnLao(cngnhttccctchcchmkhccaanhemngDim)ubinthnhnhngtchckhngchv
kimsotnhndntheokiuCngsnnhStanleyKarnowni.Lgicmnghihngv"ninocnhhngcaCnLaothtinhthn
caqunivnhndnbsuyspvkhnngbtiutan" 14.Lgicmnghihngvlithstcangvin"CnLaoCnggio"khchn
vilithcangvin"CnLaoNhnV"l:(1)TiuditCngsnvthn,(2)Tiuditccngphiqucgia"phnlon",v(3)TiuditPht
gio"maqu"lmsngdanhChavnghlnhtNgnhDim15.
Trong8,9nmtringtrtrntncquhng,chNgnhDimvngCnLaoCnggioaranhiuchnhschhkhc,nhiu
binphpthtnhntmmnhiutiliucpnri.ytixincpmtphnchnhsch"Cnggioha"bmychnhquynsongsong
vischlc"Cnggiohanhndn".(Tiscpthmchnhsch"CnggiohaminNam"trongChngXV,"BincPhtgio1963").
Khimicmchnhquyn,vcngpnhiukhkhnchngi,vcnbngtrctnhthphctpcatnc,anhemngDimcnsdng
nhnskhngCnggiotrongccccuchnhquynvquni,nhngdndnkhichvngvng,hmibtutnhngngiCng
giovothchnhngngicatngiokhc,btutnhngcquanquantrngtrc.
VdnhtrongLclngcbit,htccsquanLQuangTung,LQuangTriu,TrnHuKnhtrongCngAn,hthaiphtlDng
VnHiuvNguynVnHay(diquynitNguynVnY).ChnhDngVnHiumilnhnvtctcntrongngnhcnganvyphtrch
Cngtccbit,nghalphtrchvictnhbo,phngin,btngi,gitngi,tiuditilp.TrongBQucphngthcchurlngTrn
TrungDungvTnggimcnhaHnhNgnkBQucphnglngNguynnhCn(BthCnLaoSiGn)phtrchlmkinhticho
nhNgNhaNhnvinthhtTrungtKQuangLimthayitinhSnThung.TrongQuchithchtchlunlunlmtnhnvtCng
gio,asdnbiuulngiCnggio.ngutchckinhtitrungngldnbiuNguynCaoThng,ngiCnggioPhCam,c
trchvngnhthucO.P.V.thaotngvicxutnhpcngthucTy.NgnhdnvthdoTrungtTrnThanhChiuchhuy,mtngiCnggio
QungNamphmlilmchinthutkhinchoson13bVitCngnhchothmbitiTyNinh.
Chonunm1963,ttcTnhtrng,ThtrngminTrungvminCaoNguynunmtrongtayngiCnggioBcvTrung,trTh
trngLtlngTrnVnPhc,TnhtrngThaThinlngNguynVnngvTnhtrngPhYnlthiutDngThing.
ThiutDngThing(hinM)dochnhticviTngthngDim.nglmtsquanut,ctrnhvnhacao,xutthnttrng
VbvtngtunghiptiM.ngckinhnghimchinuadintichintrngBcVittrc1954,vtngchhuyccnvPhobinh
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chin u min Nam. Khi ng i nhn chcTnh trng, ng ta c nh n cho ti.Ti khuyn ng phi gi ng phong cch "Cn, Kim,
Lim,Chnh"camtvTnhtrng.TichongbitPhYnchaithlcrtmnh,mtthlcnicachnhquynlnhmCnLaodolinh
mcTnhSnlnholmmalmgitnhny,vmtlclngbmtilpvichnhquynllclngiVitcacTrngBiHong.
Thmchminhnchcvithng,chaphmlilmg,ngbnhmCnLaoTnhSnvnngviTngthngDimvngNgnh
Cnhtngcngtcthuynchuyninikhc.ThaythnglTrungtNguynHoi.KinhnghimcaHoilTrngphngTichnhchoNha
TnggimcBoan,Hoichahtcchinvchcbngtiuhc,nhngvHoilngiCnggio,cemlmlinhmcnncCnLaonng
.
VchcTnhtrngThaThinvThtrngThnhphHu,clnngDimbnhimngNguynnhCngichcvquantrong.Tha
ThinvHulThvnhacaminTrung,cnhiunhns,trthc,khoabnglilnimdnschn90%theoPhtgiongCnlil
ngiCnggio,nguynchlmtthktaSthiPhpthuc,chonnphmmtslilmbdnchngHubthptc.Domchnh
quynnhphithaythngNguynnhCnbngmtTnhtrngtheooPhtlngNguynVnng.VvTnhtrnglngitheoo
PhtchonnnhNgmitmtPhTnhtrngNiAnlngSngicthnhtchchngPhtgiohunghntiQungTrlcycnlm
TrungontrngsonIdiquynitTnThtXng(hinCanada).BincPhtgiothng5nm1963xyra,ThiutNguynMu,
ngi Cng gio qu tnh Khnh Ha, cTng thng c thay thTnh trng Nguyn Vn ng n p Pht gio. Ni tm li, cho n nm
1963,trThtrngLtlngitheoPhtgio,ttcTnh,ThtrngtiminTrungvCaoNguynultnCnggio.
TiNamphn,vshindinphctpcanhiutngionhCaoi,HaHa,Phtgio,Phtgionguynthy...visngtnngngcmc
nngnnsinimtcchthnbcanhngoDa,oKhnTrng,BCha,ngng...chonnchnhquynNgnhDimcnddt
trongchnhschCnggiohabmycaitr.TuynhinngDimcngbnhimmtsTnhtrngCnggionhngtnh,qunnhGianh,
BnhTuy,nhTng,PhcLong,LongKhnh,KinHa,PhcThnh,VnhLongv.v...
TithnhSiGnChLn,vcngDimvbmyCnLaoCnggioTrungngnnkhnggpgpcmttrngCnggio.
TuynhinasnhngQuntrngcnhstulngiCnggiovvPhtrngkimthlnhThanhninCngHathnhlTrungt
NguynVnPhcthkhngnhnglmttnCnggiongoanomcnsinhtiThaThin.
VphaqunithkhingDimmichpchnh,chcmtmnhtngTrnvnMinhlngiCnggio,ngaycssquancpttheoCnggio
cngnhlmathu,chonnanhemngDimphithngcpthtmauvtnhngchcvquantrngvotaynhngsquanCnggionh
tngHunhVnCao,ccsquancptnhNguynBoTr,LmVnPht,TrnThanhChiu,Binhm,TrnVnTrung,TrnNgcHuyn,
NguynVnChu,KQuangLim,NguynNgcKhi,LQuangTrng,NguynThNh,HunhCngTnh,NguynVnThiu,NgDuv.v...nhng
squancccchthngthngmaunhttrongquniVitNamCngha,mmaunhtltngHunhVnCaovLQuangTung.Tng
NguynKhnhthilmThammutrngclnnghctchctlnhqunon4catngHunhVnCaovldothiukhnng,nhng
khngcvanhemngDimhtsctnnhimvchechchongHunhVnCao.TheotibitthanhemngDimmun"thi"HunhVnCao
lnthtmautrongtnglaiCaonmchcTngThammutrngqunithaytngLVnT.Hdmanhngsquanbtti,sutthi
giantingchatngchhuynvtiuongichcvsontrngnhtrnghpTrnThanhChiuvBinhmchnghn,thvic
angHunhVnCaogichcTngThammutrngqunlclvickhngthkhngxyra.Chaknhngyutkhc,chvichnhsch
CnggiohaQunimthigybtmnchohngngsquan,chonnnhngbinhbindochnhqunnhntchclintipxyrat
1960n1963.
Davothius10%Cnggiothaotngvpbcikhidntctcnbnlmtsailmtrmtrng,lmtchnhschthtnhntm
ckhcgCngsnngynaydavo1triungvinthngtrhn50triudnVitNam,ckhcgthithcdnchc5,7ngTymcaitr
tondnctnh.Hunggcithiuslilthiusnngucphephi,hphi,gioiuvmangrtnhiumccmtili,citililchs
170/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
theoTyphndnhinckhinchoccnhcchmngphikugitondnrng:
Sutranhthctincanigingtrnlchsmychcnmtricchngcstmu,phitrchochngta,ngisau,bitcigiannan,khn
kh,nhcnhn,snhc,thmhacasvtlnsngcnchungtrongmtlctngtngngvincatondnphnPhpxmlcvphnGia
T,phnVitgiantrnttccinhnnhpcmng,utccatondnvibinh,tonaviphng,tontividng16.
Rrngnhthnhngngoanckhngchuchpnhnvhici,cithiustrtttcnhngnctmltrnsinhmngngbobngthi
bnhhonquaccchnhschpbccti.
VthsutchnminmnhNgvngCnLaongtrtiminNam,ngoitrmtthiusthngtrvittccquyncli,cnthnhn
dnphisngkhnhcshikhngkhcgnhndnminBcphisngdichCngsncaHChMinh.
unm1971,trccuchisinhcanhngphntCnLaolngonchnhquynNguynVnThiu,ngChuBngLnhvittcphm"ng
CnLao"lnnchDim.ngChuBngLnhlkgikcu,ngiBcdic,lmtnhvn,nhbo,tngtheodihotngchnhtr,nm
vngtnhhnhVitNamngaytthiPhpthuc.LcngDimmivnccmquyn,phnvctrangbtinhthnchngCng,phnvtng
lmngDimlngichnthnhyuncnnngcngvimtnhmnhvn,nhbotntuinhTamLang,HiuChn,NhPhong,VKhc
Khoan...thnhlpnhmTDonghchongDimvlinhkhchtchvibcsTrnKimTuyn.KhngngcngngychDimv
ngCnLaocngisuvoconngtilinningaycnhngnhnvttrongnhmTDokthxalnhch,kthbbtgiam.
ChngtahynghemtliontrchCnLaocanhvnChuBngLnh:
Mtgiaionmmutiptheo!NhndanhCnLao,bitbaovtrth,troncthchin,baonhiusinhmngngidnvtib
chtoanvthmkhc.Vsaumtnmtritrit"tiuditphnlon"(ngphiqucgia),cccnblnhominTrunglibocolnngCn
"bnphnlonrtvonnpht,xinchthhnhng",vchthcaCncbanxungttrnchicspgtoln,trccitruangnhai
lmbm:"Tiuditchohtbnmaqu"(NgnhCnmchbnmaqulnhngngitheooPht)vgiaionmulictipdin,ln
nythmkhcvclitgpchclntrc.Lnnynhngvtnsttpthxyra,nhndanhCnLaodittrCngSnnmvng.
MithmthmulgiamtsngphiqucgiavtngiominTrungvichnhNgkhist.TronglcCnvnngichmchtrn
chicspgnhaitruvralnhchonhmtaychn,thdnminTrungcngthccrrtthnol"ngCnLao"v"ai"thcslnho
ttccccuctnstkhngkhipnhndanhngCuvnhndanhchngCng.
Gieogigtbo,ccvtnsthittMuThnvaquacngchls"trqu"cacuctnstnhndanhCnLaotrcy.NgitiDinhc
Lp,NgnhDimcnguemmnhnhndanhCnLaomnhngtayvomukhngkhipnth...17.
CigicmnghihngdongCnLaoCnggiocachNgnhDimgyrakhngchlmkinhkhipnhngngilngdnkhitnc
charivotayCngsnHNi,m20nmsauvncneoui,mnhminhngngiluvongnixngisau1975.Bitbaonhiungi
vitvthmhadntcdichDim,ytixinnhclimtontrong"bnn"kttichNgnhDimcachinscchmng
minTrunglngLNguynLong,mtchngnhncathii:
...Trongsut9nmngDimcmquyn,thigiannngthn,cquannocngcthbtngi.Cnganbtngi,Xtrngbtngi,
Quntrngbtngi,AnninhQunibtngi,vcPhongtroCchmngQucgia(raitnhNg)cngbtngirigiaochocngan
171/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trngtr.Nhngghgmnhtl"onmtvminTrung"doNgnhCnu.lonhungthntonquynsinhst.oncquyni
khpni,nuaphngphitiprcchuo.oncnbtaithgiaochocnganibt,btkmngy.Nunnnhnbtratnchtth
quntrngvcnganphilpbinbnhpthchascht.Vbbtkhngcnphicchngc,chcnbnghichngchnhphlbbt(ti
LongBeach,California,cnghngtngyvotMnnayvnnmbpnhvbnhctipht,huqustratntnccamtv
Dim).
CngSncquyniquc,aikhcmnhlphnng,Vitgian,thngDimcngcquynchngCng,aikhcmnhlCngsn,phigit!
bitbaongichngCng,tngbCngsngiamcm,nkhingDimcmquynthhscahlitrthnhlnhngngihotngcho
CngSn!BitbaongvinQucdnng,iVit,DuyDnmtsmmtchiuhscahbinthnhCngSn,dihichotimisaukhing
Dim.CngsncchthuytMcXt,giaicputranhthngDimcngrnnnracichthuytNhnVnhnghontonvv(vvvngoi
taychnngDimra,tondncaihoctmhiuthuytNhnVlgu?).Cthnirng,trchCngsnrachacmtchquc
gianoVitNamnp,thtiu,pst,btcc,tratn,cmthngvnngiqucgiacngnhtuscctngionhthiDim.TrCngsn
rachacchnothngtaynpilpcngcavnhchDim,chacmtchnophndnchvkhinhth,lidngnhn
dnlmcibungxungnhchDim...TtcnhngaichThhocccthnhphlnkhlngthyrchnhschgianc,hnhngbt
nhn,phndnhinccachDimmphiquanstccqun,tnh,nngthn(90%)lnhthtonqucmithyrtictaychnnhNg
mmtthicngini"TrcNamSnkhngthchphtti,ncmunsngkhngthrahtnh"...18.
Khaisinh,nuidngvthcymtlpnginhmmtchytheoquynuyvoconngtiliquangCnLaovnchaphilcitiln
nhtcachDim.Citilnnhtlvsctn,cti,kiungocamnhmlmsuynhcvdihisinhlccadntc,mtsinhlc
cththchvtruiluyntbaonhiuthhcatinnhn,mtsinhlcticnthitchogiaiontrcdinvikthCngsn.
SinhlcdntcbchnngnguyhimnhtquahaichnhschquytlitcachNgnhDimlgymuthuntngiovtiuditccng
phiqucgiambiuhinrrngnhtl"...huqusailmcachDimlmtxutngtlnnmquynchnhtrvcctngiothstpht
nhau..."19.
Gymuthuntngiolphhoiciscmnh"dungha,haha,"vnlscmnhtruynthnggipdntcvtthngmicucxm
lngvnhavnhnvncaccquc.Tiuditccngphiqucgialphhoiquyttmkhngvtimlcutranhcacclclng
dntcyunckhngCngsn.Chonn,vnmlycquyntngiovcquynchnhtr,nhNgkhinmxunglimthuqulu
divsusc,huqulmchominNamkitquchvscmnhnguviCngSn.SauchctiNgnhDimlch
qunphitNguynVnThiu,mtchDimkhngDim,vcnglidomts"CnLaoCnggio"clenlitrnhnnnutrongchnhquyn
vkhuynhlotscmnhQucgia.MinNamthuaCngsnnm1975cngchlktquttyucuicngcamtchuihqudychuynmu
mitchilsthnhhnhcamttchcmaquitnl"CnLaoNhnV".
Nhnlilchsvinhiuticnuivnhn,tathyrngnuanhemngDimchtrnghangmitngiovhptcccngphi,thchin
mtcucionktqucgianhthinhTrnthchcchnqunCngSnBcVitphichusphnnhqunMngCxakiari.Chonn
trongsticnuivnhn,timunkhilimttskinlchsvsphnccngtngccngviquhngdntcmbanhemng
Dimtiudit.
TtrckhianhemngDimnmchnhquynvonm1954,chngtacnhngngcchmngnhVitNamQucDnngcaanhhng
NguynThiHc,iVitQucDnngcanhcchmngTrngTAnh,iVitDuyDnngcathintitrithcLngA,VitNamDn
ChXhingcacThyHunhPhS,VitNamPhcQucngcaCaoiclnhobiccchinsPhmCngTc,NguynVn
172/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
SmvTrnQuangVinh,VitNamCchmngngMinhhicaChsNguynHiThn,iVitQucXngcalnhtNguynXunTiu,i
VitDnChnhcavnhoNhtLinhNguynTngTam...VtrongkhianhemngDimcnlmquan,lmcngchcchochbohPhp,cho
Namtriumcntvinhthnphgiathccngcchmngnitrnanhdngxthnchinuchngthcdnxmlng.Tnm194546,khi
anhemngDimnnu,trntrnhSiGn,Hu,Lt,vVnhLongtrongnhngvnganninhdoquniPhpchimng,hoctnm1950,
khianhemngDimirancngoicucnhngoibangnghchovnccmchnhquyn,thccngcchmngnitrnliphingu
thmvimtkthnalCngSn.BitbaonhiuchinscaccngcchmngbCngSntiudit,hysinhchochnhnghadntc:
LnhtLngAhysinhkhicncmqunchngliVitMinhtiHaBnh(BcVit),lnhtTrngTAnhbVitMinhsthingaytiHNi,
lnhtHunhPhSblagitngaytiminTyNamphn,lnhtNguynVnSmbthtiungaytiTyNinh,cclnhtNguynTngTam,
V Hng Khanh ca Vit Quc, c Nguyn Hi Thn, ng T Nguyn Minh ca Vit Cch v nhiu ng ch ca h phi lu vong qua Tu tm
phngthphcquc...Thmkhicquynlctrongtay,anhemngDimkhngnghnlngyunc,quyttmhysinh,snghiputranh
caoccanhngnhiquc,mliangtmnp,khngb,giamcm,sthinhngngch,ngvincah,angtmtiuditnhngt
chcangnitipsnghipcchmngtolncatinnhn.
VmqungvhphichchotponcamnhllclngchngCngduynht,chDimtiuditccngphi.Vctivctn,
khngmunsansquynlmchtncvibtcmtai,chDimtiuditccngphi.Vchbitnngdavongoibangmkhng
thmmxanscmnhsiuvitcanhndn,chDimtiuditccngphi.Vcuicng,vkhngnmvngtruynthngdngnc
vquylutginccachang,chDimtiuditccngphi.
Vkhngnhnnghavthiuclims,anhemngDimqunmtcithihphinngnhvvaymnuythcaccngphigytn
tuichomnhnhnm1946tiHinghonKtSiGn.AnhemngDimcngqunmtcnglaocaanhemVitQuc,tiubiubiccng
NguynCh,PhmnhNgh,LTrungChi...tiHuvNamNgichiasgianlaovihtronglccngpchngikhkhnvonhngnm
19541955.AnhemngDimcngkhngthmnhncingipcalnhtNguynXunTiuthingDimangcnlcchuchimlng,
aum,khstrongtayVitMinhlcbgiamcmtivngnirngVitBc.
Hlyldomtsgiophivngphichngihtiuditnhngonth!VythhingDuyDn,ngVitCchvnhiuon
th khc phm phi nhng li lm g m nh Ng cng giam cm cc lnh t v cn b ca ng Duy Dn. Hi ai l ngi quc gia yu nc,
chngCngmkhngaulngkhithyccngPhmThnhGiang,HThRuyt,TChDip,TVnvvsngvinQucgiabnhNgbt
giamchungtitricitoTamHip(BinHa),cngkhmvicnbCngSnvonm1956,mlicnbcnbCnLaodtntgiodcchnhtr
(haingRuytvTVnhinsngM).
Nugihnhngnilnnguynvngchthccaqunchnglchngi,nugiphphnccchnhschsailmcaChnhphlchngi,
nugiihichnhquynsinhhottdovdnchlchngi,nugichtrngmtschlcchngCngkhnggingvischlcca
Chnhphlchngi,nugilikugimtcuccchmngxhitrnhbtcngvtrongschhasinhhotqucgialchngithch
mthtocchnhtrcngnhchcnngquntr,vqucgianhimtvnri.
Tuyquinnhngctht,minNamtrong9nmcaitrcachNgnhDimginhnghotngchnhngvkhnthitl"chng
i"chonnqucgiamisuyvi.Vnhndnniring,ccngphinichung,chcn4chnla:hockhngsngsutthbyvphakth
CngSn,hocthiukintrthngmngnutcaytlittheochnhquyn,hocgiuquyttmthmthmchngi,hockhngdncphn
utththy.
Ngy7thng7nm1963,vnhomcnglchinscchmngNhtLinhNguynTngTamungthucctvnphnichcti
NgnhDim.Trckhithy,ngkhngqungililitrntriymulviqucdn,ngbo:
173/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"itilchsx.Tikhngchuaixc.VicemccngphiqucgiaxtrlviclmmtncvotayCngSn.Tithymnhcng
nhHathngQungctthiulcnhconhngaichpmithtdo".
GiosNguynNgcHuy,mtlnhtcangiVitc,trongmtcucphngvncaboNgiVitv"Nguynnhngynnssplm
mtVitNam"trlivNgnhDimtiudithtcclclngngphivgiophi20.
Hainhnnhtrny,mtcbnglntrongthctsibngvkhnthitcangixthnutranhvngaytrcgiphttrangtrng,
quytlitchmdtimnhmtcthnghoaquanhngthngtrmchnhtrgidncagn20nmsaumbygiangsuygmvthn
phnmtncutranhphcquc.Chai,tuymtthdphngvtnglaivmtthsuynghimvqukh,unilnmtsthc,vchai
ubinsthcthnhramtquylutchnhxclchnhchtrngcti,cng,tiudittngiovngphiqucgiacaanhemng
DimvcangCnLaoCnggiolnguynnhnsuxanhtvchnhyunhtlmchominNamVitNamtdosuynhcvcuicngri
votayCngSnvonm1975.
2 ThcangVNhNguyngingHongngTiu(xemtonblthtrongphnPhLc).
3 oDuyAnh,VitNamVnHaSCng,tr.224.
4 LChnhTrung,TnGiovDntc,tr.77.
6 B11EH,Tome4(1941),Fascicule1,2tr.7379.
7 iu89caHinPhptrongmctuchnhcnquynhrngkhngcxmphmhaytusaiu3ny.
8 CngboVitNamCngHa(s48ngy261056).Phlctrang2669.
9 Vedel,G.EtudesdesConstitutions,tr.130("Lanationestunepersonnejuridiquedistinctedesindividusquilescomposent").
10 BndchcanhtboTDongy4459.
11 ChuBngLnh,CnLaoCchMngng,tr.565.
13 LQun,NhngXuynTcvNgNhnvPhtgioVitNam,TpchKhaiPhng(s6),tr.46,47.
15 ChuBngLnh,CnLaoCchMngng,tr.322v408.
16 LngA,ChuTriLc,tr.109.
17 ChuBngLnh,CnLaoCchMngng,tr.314,315.
18 LNguynLong,BtcDKhingTroTn,tpchKhaiPhng(s7),tr.38,45.
19 oSPhu,bi:CiChtCaVitNamvCiNhnVTngLaiThGii,trongnguytsanNhnBn(s16),tr.8,9.
20 TunboNgiVit(s10/bmi).
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Chng9
NHNGCHNHSCHCTI
Ngy4thng3nm1956,QuchiLphinraivinhimvchnhyulsontho,biuquytvthngquaHinphpcannNhtCng
Ha.TuytiasccdnbiulthnhvincaPhongTroCchMngQucGia,vvdthoHinphpc"chungquyt"ttrctidinh
cLpnncccuctholuntitrscaQucHichlnhngcuctholunnngvhnhthcvchocvdnch.Cuicng,123dn
biuungthanhchpthunbnHinphpvcngDimbanhnhvongy26thng10nm1956.
Nhphbnhtrongchngtrc,nhngdanhthoamvnhiukhithnbtrongHinphpcngnhtrongnhngiukhoncnbnphic
camtHinphplchctchedumtcchvngvnhngiukhonphndnch,phnthii,vphndntccan.
khngthiunhnglutgialccngnhsaunyphthinratnhbtqunbngtrongnguyntcphnquyncngnhstptrungquynlc
quvovnguynthqucgiacabnHinphpny.kimsotvhnchhaitchilnlaony,ngita"tmthyrttiukhonbo
msngnnga,chnngmtchcti,cng" 1.Tuyiu98chchoTngthngcbitnmnhiuquynhnhtrongnhimklp
phputinmthibomsnnhvlintccasinhhotqucgia,nhngsaukhihtnhimkri,anhemDimNhuvn,theo,tip
tcaranhngchnhschvbinphpchpnhngiukhondnchhimhoicnlitrongHinphp."DimvNhuhontonkhngbit
nHinphp,chcaitrbngsclnhvbngkinringcamnh,hnna,thchcticahlicthchinntncpthnx"2.
MtquytnhsailmlnnhtcangDimlcbygilbibnhngcucbucthnxvnlnvhnhchnhcbnvthcdngcax
hiVitNam.Tthng6nm1956tri,ccvinchciuhnhcpxusdoTnhtrngchnhchkhngphilHingdonhndn
tronglngbulnna3.ChthnxVitNamvnctruynthngsinhhottheonguyntcngthunhahi,ccvinchcquntrdochnh
dnlngbnghnhthcnyhayhnhthckhctnnhimc,nhvythnlngtrthnhnhngphoixydngnnscmnhmnhlitv
vinmnkhngnhngchngthngccoqunxmlcmcnnhiukhichngi,khctccchnhschtnccacctriunhVit
Nam,vvym"phpvua(mi)thuallng".NhngdlcuquanliNamtriungDimvnctnhbcbnhngyutnhvnminhvtruyn
thngdntcnnnhngtchichinlcvsau,khiphiichivicucchintranhnhndndoCngSnchxng,cnkodichon
ngymtminNam4.
Bnthngsau,vothng10,ngDimlibanhnhD57achophpTnhtrngnhiucquynvanninhvphttrin.D57bchophpTnh
trngctrngtpnhndntrongnhngcngtccutxhibinmtsngnhngTnhtrng,Quntrng,vXtrngthnhra
mngliquynlcutincpaphngkhaisinhvnuidngnhngmmmngbtcng,thamnhngvpbctchonsauny.
TtcmnglituychngchtannhaunhngliquyvmtmitidinhcLp,nimTngthngDimtptrungttcmiquytnh,vi
phmminguyntchnhchnhcbn,canthiptrctipvmnhmvonhngsinhhotnomngmun,cpnomngthch.Ch
trngtrungngtpquyntuyti,mtlnnaphnnhcitmlcquynvctnlmttrongnhngntcthcaconnging
DimtnhngngyumilmquanNamtriu.(Chonnnhtitrnhbytrongmtchngtrc,vicngihingiPhpphicicchx
hithilmThngthBLichlmtcicthunlvkhnkhothhinthamvngnmhtvnmchtquynlctrongtaymthi.Vrrng
nhtltisaothilmThngthBLingihitdovchquynchongidnmbygi,nlclmTngthng,nglibibchdn
ctithnxtcotquyntdovquynlmchcangidn?)
175/611
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Songsongvinhngbinphphnhchnhthtnhntm,chliphmthmmtlilmkhc,ynhndnthmmtbcnavskhng
hongtnnhimdnngmumchommCngSnsinhsinynsauny.lchindchrmrvlbchcaovthnthnhhang
Dim.Tbi"SuytnNgTngthng"cralnhhtbtklcnocchocnnhngngyl"ThnhBnMng",tmtngyl"SongTht"
btchcmtcchvngvngylSongThpcaTrungHoanchndungNgTngthngxuthintrongccrpchiubng,rpcilng(n
nhiukhngiichonkhixongcitrhsuytnrihmichuvoxemphimchnh).KsTrnVnBch,nguynBtrngBCng
Chnh,khngchuh"NgThtngmunnm"trongccbuilsuytnnnbvucolclinhviBnhXuynnniphibmtchc,h
tngcngtc,nhnitrongchngIV.
Nhngbinphpcaitrmu,vnhngiukhonphndnchtrongHinphpchngtrngquthtanhemngDimkhngchunb
hockhngthitlpcmtkhochxydngqucgianotrongthigianmilnnmchnhquyn.Nhmtphpldontrnbanxung,nh
mtkchuynmnkomnbngbyrasnkhudintung,anhemngDimchongvngtrchoncnhvtrcmcqutolncavn
caitrtnc,nhtlvmungiihnquyncaitrtronggianhmnhthi.Chonnkschutinphilmlcngcquynlc,tptrung
quynlcvcchimquynlc.Kschcbiuhindibakhoch:
1.BinTngthngchdnchthnhmt"triuiqunch"vinhngcquyntuytivtolntrongtayvlnho.
2.XydngmtgiaicpthngtrdatrnthiusCnLaoCngGiodochnhanhemtronggianhkimsotviung.
3.Thitkmththngquynlctthngtngnhtngcschiphivnhhngmisinhhotqucgia.
KhochbatngchnhmmctiuCnggiohatonbnhndnminNamduytrquynlnhotncanhtruynemni.Phtxutt
nhngsailmcbnvnhnnhnhchcngiCnggiomichngCng,chcngiCnggiomitrungthnhvimnh,chcmtqucgia
theoCnggiomicquctngh.VcngphtxuttnhngtnhtonchquannhxydngcmtchthuytKitgiolcthvch
cmtsinhlchotquc,xydngcmtchlcThinChagiolcthiungctonkhidntc,chonnnnctiCnggio
manhemngDimchxngvthchinngaytu(vkodisut9nmcach)chlhquttnhincanhngconnginh
mthnnctrongtmchtvkhngbitnnhngquylutdngnctrnmtchnhtr.Vtrnnhngnhnnhsailmcbnlnhng
thithccungtnvqucanhngngitnhnmnhcsmngtng,cchcnngcahnggiophm,quytraoging(dphipt)
tngiommnhtintngchocdntc.
TisaokhichacmquynthkchBoictiphongkin,khihpHiNghionKt(1953)thhhodnchtdo,mlclnchp
chnhthlictn,ctichpchnhcidnchtdommnhtnglnmingihi?Tisaokhidphtcclclnggiophi,cc
ngphichnhtr,cctchcvcnhnchngivangcasqunchngnghxydngmtminNamthnhvngvhngcng
tronghabnh,thlitinhnhnhngchnhschkmkpbotr,btchpnguynvngchnhngcatondn?
Cphivyunckhnghaylvyutngiocamnhqu,yugianhmnhqu,yucnhnmnhqu!CphivchngCng
khnghaylvchngccthnhphndntckhc,chngcclclngchnhtrkhc,chngcckhunmtqucgiakhc?
Ligiipchonhngcuhinyhinhinrrngtrong9nmtricmquyncaanhemngDim.Chnnmngtngnqunauvdntcl
mtchilchshucthtitovnlntrvgiiphngtBc,chnnmmultinhcvdntcbcaitrbimtvvuathiTrungC
vo gia th k 20 m vn ha, chnh tr, tn gio, kinh t, thng mi, gio dc v k c chng Cng u khng cn l quyn ca nhn dn na,
nhnglitptrungmtcchchtchtrongtaymtgianh.
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TrongtpschnytichxinaravichnhschtiubiuthyrhnbmtctiCnggiotr.
Hybtubngchnhschngknht:TCng.TiuditCngSntiminNam,trcht,nglphilmtchtrngcatonthnhn
dnminNammtrongnlcchnhphintnhndn,phinbngchnhthcchngCng(cbit)cangidnqutithnx(lni
mtrong10nmkhngPhp,CngSnxydnghtngcs).NhngvchDimkhngnmvngnguynlnncchindch,thayv
lmtchindchchngCnglitrthnhmtchindch"TCng"cachnhquynnhcitngisailmcan.VthayvtCng,bmyCn
LaoCngGiotchnhnhngthnhphndntcyunc,lmdngtnhtrngkhntrnggitovsmtquynlmchtithnxca
dnqulmthuichtcimctiuchnhyucanlnhbtnhnggcrcscaCngSntiminNamVitNam.
Khngnhngth,nngtheotCnghunghncachnhquyn,nhngonthcca10nmmulakhngdnhlugn"theoCng"hay
"chngCng"cdpbnglnmangratnhaudichiubi"TCng"angcchnhquynbotrvkhuynkhch.Domchindch
TCngbtgiamvotricitot50.000n100.000tnhn,nhngchuaxtthay,astnhnnylikhngphilCngSn"5.
QucschditCngchnhngvcnthitbngtrthnhmtnguynnhngymuthuntronglclngnngdn,vtrthnhmtnhc
imchocnbCngSnlcvsaunykhaithctuyntruynchngphccchnhphqucgia.
KimimliqutrnhphttrinvnhngthnhtchmmucaCnLaominTrung,ccsgiavquanstvinvtuphicngnhntnh
cchstphtkhngkhipcalnhchaNgnhCn.ScnbVitCngbgitthchngbaonhiununhngkbcoilVitCngquhot
ngthcschoCngSn!MsngibgitvbphnloilVitCnghuhtlichldnen,hinlnh,ikh,btmnvichhtrala
ca"ngCu".SdcsngticxyralvtinhngvngtrnglnkhpgiiQungBnhvonPhYn,huhtnhnglngmc
utngbCngSncaitrmtthigiankhlu,trckhicqunlcVitNamCngHogiiphng.Vtrongthigiansngdich
CngSncachnhquynnhndnVitMinh,ngiaphngnumunsngynthnlmsaotrnhthamgiatnhiuvocccngtccaVit
Cng.NunaychnhquynCnbuctihlmVitCngmemgitithhcngnhchuchtoanchbitlmsaothanhminhchoc6.
T,tmlchngCngcanhndnminNamphtxuttsshichnhquynhnltthckhngvkhctCngSnmtcchsng
sutvtdo.ChngCng,vcngchngCngmtcchhnghitrnmthnhthc,bngtrthnhlbahmnhchomtqunchngyuui,
nhtlthnqu.Chnhcnbchnhquyncngbiukinhatrongkhnngthmnhlptrngchnhtrcaqunchng:caihhochng
Cnglnmingnhtlngtincy,lngiqucgia!
ngLNguynLong,mtnhnsminTrungvlchngnhncagiaioncngchothyviccnbngCnLaolidngvicchngCng
btb,giamcm,sthi,nhiungvincaVitQuc,DuyDnviVit,lnhngngvincchmngtngcmtlchsutranh
chngPhp,chngCng,vngktlunrng:
"Lc y (ng Dim mi cm quyn), minTrung c hng ngn cn b khng cn lm vic c lng nhiu, ch sao sng m bc hot ng
chngCnglhthach.BaonmkhausngtrongtmticaCngSn,naynhsngqucgiariv,hhngkhingdy,lachngCng
bngbng,khthCngSntnli.Nhngngaylc,ngDimvtaychncangtalodittrngiqucgiahnlCngSn.Mtthic
thunlinmdnngnhmtbitbaongichngCng,tngbCngSngiamcm,nkhingDimcmquynthhscah
trthnhlnhngngihotngchoCngSn!BitbaongvinQucDnng,iVit,DuyDnmtsmmtchiu,hscahbinthnh
Cngsn,dihichohminsaukhingDim"7.
NuchDimtrngdngnhngphntcqutrnhhotngchoVitMinhnhccngKiuCngCung(tnglSontrng,lDn
177/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
biuQucHi,lGimcvinPhtphtcaVitMinh)ccgichccyCngDnV,ngTrnChnhThnh(tnglChnhnLinKhu
TcaVitMinh)ctrngdnglmBtrng,PhmNgcTho(tngchhuytnhbocaocpcaVitMinh)cmangcpbcit,gichc
TnhtrngththhivsaongvinccngphiqucgiachngCngliblitvohngCngSnribtiudit.
Bthithcbibntnhbtnhnvbchobngnhngllunbttr,chDimdngbolcthayvchnhtr,dngkhngbthayvgiodc
trongcigiaionmnhntrchkhngphibotrlphngschduynhtvphhpnhtthuphcnhntm,xydngnimtinvsng
hcaqunchngminNam.Chnhvkhngxydngcnimtin,chnhvkhngxydngcsnghchonnkhiMtTrn
DnTcGiiPhngMinNamcaHNirai,hcsnmtikhithnqu(anglnnnhnbtmnvichnhquyn)chech,bovv
ymtr.KhngtiuditcttrongtrngncmmmngCngSntiminNammlicntrctipnggpchoslnmnhcachngchnh
ltilncachNgnhDim.Tnm1959,tnhhnhanninhcaminNambtusuysp,VitCngcngcvphttrinchtngc
scngccmtkhuantonccngCngSnbtumst,btcc,phhoi,tiuhynhngnhnvinvnlccachnhquyntihuht
vngthnqulnhngchngcrrngkhngchicic,mcaoimcassuyspnylsraica"MtTrnDnTcGiiPhngMin
Nam"vocuinm1960.
Chnhschctithhailchnhschkimsotvkhngchboch.CngnhCngSn,cheduticvnhngbinphpstmucach
,anhemngDimchtrngtiudittquyncanhndn.Hdngnhngbinphpkimduytgtgaoschbokmkpboch,pht
bnggiyduytrcquynclichochnhimccbotrungthnhvich,tptrungphthnhvonhTngPhtHnhThngNht,mt
cquandotaysaicachnmgichnngsphbincctbongnmhgil"phnng",vtcnbCnLaovohngng
bochlmmtvtheodi,imchccnhvn,kgiyuchungtdovdnchthts.Nhngtrngtrnvkhngkhiphnclnhng
binphpcngantrvcnhsttrbngcchchotaysainpphcctabo,khngbvtruytrataccchnhimnhngtpchckhuynh
hngilp.DlilpxydngtrongkhunkhhpphpvHinnh.
Ngy 13 thng 3 nm 1958, ch v bi bo Th gi ng Ngh m ng Nghim Xun Thin, ch nhim bo Thi Lun, b ta pht 10 thng t treo,
100.000ngphtv,vbrtgiyphpxutbnvitidanh"cmcchvtnhcchxcphmchnhquyn".Thtranidungbibochngcg
lviluthocvihinnukhngmunnilcnthitvnidungbibochihiccngDnbiuhnhxngnnhimvidinchodn,
nglmNghgt,nglmDnbiugian.Tuynhin,vtbolcakhiDnCh,mtkhiclpvichnhquyndoccngHongC
Thy,PhanQuangn,NghimXunThinchtrngnnnkhngcphphindintrongmtchctina.TinghipngNghim
XunThinvnlmtchinschngCngngaytnm1945,tboThiLuncangtngbPhpchonmlunlccnHNivnhng
luniuchngthcdn,chonnngaylcdicvoNamsaukhiblittccnghipminBc,ngThingpvnvibnbchotibnt
ThiLunmongnggptingnichngCngvitondn.KhngngthinchcangThinctrlibngbinphpcngan,cnhst
npphtabo,phttvphtmtstinvcngtolnivigiacnhcangvivithigingbclcbygi.iumamailkhi
cnBc,khicndichthcdn,tThiLuncaccngNghimXunThin,TrnTrungDung,vihitdodnchmbPhpcho
ngipph,nayvoNamcngvihidnchtdombchCngHaNhnVtrngpht,ngNghimXunThinphiratatronglc
ngTrnTrungDung(lchurcahNg)thliantontrongchcvPhtBtrngQucPhng.
Mtnnbochcthvnhmttmgng.Nuchdnchthcsthtmgngsgipchthyiuxusasaivthyiutt
khaitrin.Nhngnuchctithtmgngphibpvtanntchcthhilngviciotngxinhpcamnhvng
phnchiucithkchxuxacamnhchocnccngbit.
ChDimnglkhngthnhndanhanninhqucgiavqucschchngCngcamnhkhngchbochvnhvyltchttmnh
viikhidntccquynchngCng.Chlicngkhngthkhngchmttbockhuynhhngilpxydngkhichnhnhmch
trng"DnCh"chgmnhngthnhvinclptrngvqutrnhchngCngdtkhotvrrng.Vythchcthgiithchrngchnhs
178/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hindincanhmilp,catpchilpanglmphnghinquynlicaanhemhNgvnangcbmchtlydanhvngv
quynuymthi.
SautThiLunthnsphnngcaycanhtboTDo.TrnghptTDoltrnghphnhunilntntung"bihikch"vchnh
schbochchxyradinhngchchnhtrnhchNgnhDim.
TTDocraigiitaplccamtdlunquctanglnnvkchnngnchnhschkmkpbochgtgaocachDim.
VvyngNgnhNhuvbcsTrnKimTuyn,gimcsNghinCuChnhTr,bnchonhtboTDorai,ngytrangilpnhmci
chnhdluncaquctvngvaitrgiitancchoqunchngVitNam.
NhtbonydongPhmVitTuynlmchnhimvngKiuVnLnlmqunl.HaingnyulngiCnggiovlcangthttm
nghch.MtsccnhvnvkgitntuinhccngNhPhong,HiuChn,McThu,hasPhmTngcmivobanbintpnh
lchlccatbo.ngNhPhongphtrchvitquanimvthamlun,ngHiuChnphtrchmc"truynphim",ngPhmTng,mch
hachnhtrvthis.
VhoibomunxydngmtcuccchmngxhitiminNamvtintngvosngthuncachnhquyn,ccngNhPhongvHiu
Chn(vnlngvincaVitNamQucDnng)vitnhngbicnidungcxuchomtquanimchngCngkhnngoanvhiudng
hn,phhpvihinthccaxhiminNamlcbygingthiccngcngcngkhaichtrngnhphnhngbinphpctiphndn
chxydngscmnhcbnthtschominNam.
VodpTtCanhT(unm1960),nhmTDochorasXunvibchhacbittrangbalmsinidlunvemthchthlichoc
gicngnhemtaihalichonhmchtrng.Bctranhbacatbovsuconchuthun,nanhvutbnnhn,angthamlamtranhnhau
gmximttridahutrnbnminNamVitNam.Nhnbchha,aicngcththycthmcanhmchtrngvngihas
ctiphnnhtrungthctnhtrngtncangbsuanhemngDimcmquyntranhnhauckhottinguynqucgia.Chutlconvt
tng trng cho tuiT theo quan nim tng s hc, m tui ca ng Dim li l tui CanhT. Chut cng tng trng cho th th vt d bn,
thngikimnvbanm(btchnh),vthngmanglibnhttcholoinginnaicngghtmmungiti.Suconchuttrnbch
harrngmchsuanhemnhNg:NgnhThc,NgnhDim,NgnhNhuvv,NgnhLuyn,vNgnhCn.TboXunT
DobnchynhtmtivTtnm,mingigpnhau,cuchuynumilbchhachut.NhngtronglcdnminNamhhvibc
tranhchutcaboTDothnhngkchtrnglianggptaiha.
VomtngycuithngHainm,tiangthmnhmtsphctrnhvtnhtrngonggiatngcamtsnvminTythThiut
NguynThnhLong,ChnhsAnninhQuniBitkhuTh,xinvogp.Mithyti,Longvivxinlivphctrnhmtcngtcquan
trng:"Thait,12gimhmqua,iyQuyn(ngiCnggiominTrung)cnhsttrngqunNht,iyMinh(ngiCnggiodic)
chhuyHinBinhSiGnChLn,vem,idinNhaAnninhQuni,clnhtimtcangCvnnpphtaboTDovlngbt
nhngngichtrngtbo.TheoiyQuyn,nginhnlnhtrctiptngCvnvngichhuycuchnhqun,thcucbrpphi
ctuytigibmt,khngcchoitbitchonkhithihnhxongnhimv.Bygicngtchonthnh,emntrnhcngvicln
itr.Emxinliit".
Tlu,tiqubitthonthmccangNgnhNhu,qubitcngcchlmvic"hnquanhnqun"cachDimnnsaukhi
ngheThiutLongtrnhby,tichcivanivinsquanthuccp,vnngiCnggiominNamchnthnhngaythng.Longchobittheo
lnhcangNhuthphilngbtchoctnHiuChnNguynHotthngmnchuynxatchcchibngchigicccplnho
qucgiatrongmc"Nihayng",nhngngHiuChnliltli,chbtcccngNhPhong,PhmVitTuyn,vKiuVnLn(haing
179/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TuynvLnhinhingoi).CngtheolnhcangCvnthbangnyphicgiamgitiSAnninhQuniQunkhuTh.
Cngtlu,tikhngngcnhinvchuynbtbgiamgiboch,vnlviccaCngAnMtVthmNgnhNhuligiaovchonhaAnninh
Quninhnhiulndngthon"DihaGiangng"lmchotib"vymu"trongvicbtbngiqucgiailp.Nhngino
tilimcmuNgnhNhu,hungchichtrngcatillunlunbotonsinhlcqucgiabngchnhschonktvingiqucgiachng
Cng,dhlthnhphnilpvich,chonntivivnthmcccannhnangbgiamgitrongtrsAnninhQunicaThiut
Long.KhitinnithccngPhmVitTuyn,KiuVnLnvNhPhongangbnhttrongnhlaocaS.TiralnhchoLongdichuynba
ngvmtcnphngthoimi,chophpvconcaccngynthmvingvbixchbtklcno,vemschbo,ctngchoccng
giitr.TicngralnhchoLonglkhngciutrathmvngc,imttunrilmttrnhlnchotilbanhbonykhngctitnh
gctitoanliuxinviTngthngtrtdochoh.Nhngbavkginymichbgiba,bnngytisAnninhQuniBitkhuTh
thticlnhngNhuchuynhsquanhaCngAnCngAnthl.Thykhngdihacmlionranhcati,ngNhubnra
lnh chuyn ni v qua CngAn. Vn chn ngy nhng vic lm tht nhn tm ca anh em ng Dim, li bit ng Nhu phng nn ti
khngththeodisphncabanhbonhaCngAnna.ChonsaungychNgnhDimblttimicdpgpliccngPhm
VitTuyn,NhPhongvHiuChnkhiccngynthmtitinhringSiGncmtchttnhtring.CitaihadobctranhChut
gyrabngtrthnhcduynchoticthmbangibnmi,tuyhoncnhkhngchophpthmthitnhngthigianththchcs
keosn.
RingngHiuChnNguynHotthtrongmbbrpnhanhchntrnthotnntrtimtlngkinhVnhTgnbingiiMinVit,mi
chonsaungychNgnhDimbltmitrvliSiGnontgianh.Sau,khivithikkliontrngcannboch
VitNamdich"CchmngNhnV"Ngtriu,ngcnhclichuynnyvtrongcnhiuonkhenngissngsutvcanmcav
"GimcNhaAnninhQunithi".
Thnhthcmni,tronggiilngvnlngbonmxa,tirtqutrngnhiungimcbitlhaingHiuChnvNhPhongvnlnhng
ngitranhutrongngcchmngVitQuc.ChngnhnghlnhngngichinscchmngtinphongchngCng,yptnhtdntc
vhnhxphngkhongtdo,mhlicnckhnngdintlmkhchnglngngitheoconngchnhngha.Tisaymcbn
dchLiuTraiChDcangHiuChnvkhmphctinhthnonktcangquatcphmMtEmBnPhngTri(sauiralTrngNc
ngNai),mttcphmcaotinhthnonktgiangiNamvngiBccngnhauphngstnc.
VkhmphchaingNhPhongvHiuChnnnsaukhiltchDim,tinghviHingQunNhnCchMngmihaingvo
HingNhnS,mthingccoinhccuLpphptmthithaythQucHi.Sauny,khitnntiM,chikcangTVntrn
boThcTnh,timicbitHiuChntngvitnhiuvtivibaothmtnhtrik.Nhngthani,HiuChnvtiskhngbaogicngp
nhaucna,anhaukhsngmimnniqunh,cntinitkhchqungingyngyngmnhnmybayvtriTymngmnginh
thngcnhnnhcnhnkhaunicqun.(Lctibnschny1993thctinanhmt,tixinthpmtnnhnglngknhvinghng
hnanh).
TicngxintrchngmtonsauycahcgiNguynHinL(iVitVnCaTi,tr.99101)thyrchnhschnptdottng
vtdophtbiudichDim:
iumaythnhlmtchitttithchinmtimtrongchngtrnhmmangkinthcthanhnin.Tmynmtrctimuac
mycunHistoireUniversellecaWells,HistoiredelHumanitcaH.VanLooncrthpdn,titnhsdchhoctmtt.uninkha1954
55,trongchngtrnhTrunghcnhtcpcthmmnLchsThgiidytrong4nm.ngThinGianglcdyScclplc,ng.
Tibnvingsonchungbsthgiicngsmcngttchohcsinhcschhc,khiphichp"cua"(cours).ngng.Chngtiphn
180/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cng:tivitcunuvcuncuicholpthtvtngvithaicungiacholplcvng.Chngtibhtcngvickhc,vit
trong6thngxongtibvnrainnm1955inxongtrcktutrngthngchn.Bkhchy,sautinhngchonhKhaiTrtibn.
Mtchuynngghilvbmnm1956bmtcgiCnThmtstl"ucyrcri"chvchngtinhcquanthuytca
Darwinvngungcloingi.ChngcnniaicngbitcgilmttnCnggio.
Sau,mtlinhmcTrungyucubGiodccmbnvtchthuhtbvtrongcunIIvitvthiTrungC,chngticninsbbica
mtviGiohong.Bphimtvinbthcbngcpcnhntipxcviti.ngnynhnhn,khentivitscnhittm,chonnchp
dnnhcbsPhpcaMicheletrinhnrngschcaticbThngTinchophpin,linpbnri,thkhngclgtchthu,cmbn
c,chcthrathngcochocctrngngdngthichonnngtachyucutibienvihngtrnhaibnngtaemvnpb,b
strlilinhmcno,cnbnthticbn,khngngigc.Tichiulngngta.ngtalihilpmugiocaticphpcabcha.
Tip:nnpcnmri,giytc,tinhcSGiodcthnhph,mngitaclmthinh,khngchophpmcngkhngcm.ngta
chgtu.
HibLchsThgiicatichcnmtst.Tihiccnhphthnh,cbitclnhcmcctrngngoiTrungdngn,trongNamth
khng.Chtthngsau,bbnht.Tikhngtibn.Cnggiothilnchnnhvy.NghenimtngTnhtrngminTykhngdm
chohiPhtgioctchatrongthxvbo:"Cnggioctnhth,bygiPhtgiocngxinctcha,bccngimunknhviCnggioh?"
Mthm,blnggingcatichohay:"tlunaytithyngynocngcmthayhaingingiquncphbnkiangnhnvphanh
thyvnhti,nhrnhcig.Hmquamtngivonhhiti:ngLnhbnlcnyiumkhngthy?Tip:ngyau,nm
trongphng,chiu?Thycvmhi.Rihi."
Vylmtvrnhtimtikhngbit.VtilcngchcthiPhpmtncluqu,vlikhnghptcvichnhphDim,hayvbLchsTh
giimhtheodinhvy?Clvchai.
HnmtchcnmsaumtgiosHuvthmti,hi:"TisaohingkhnglmntrnhbyrngngdngschnovitvccGio
hongthiTrungCrixinchobscangcdngtrongcctrng?"Tip:"Khngkhinotilmvicxinx."Saungy30thng4
nm1975,gioslithmtina,bo:"Tiphctcchcangthi".
Vinhngbinphpkimduyt,btb,khngbkgi,truytchnhimratanhth,tnhtrngbochdichDimvativlng,va
nghonnvphm.SbohngngytiSiGnvcphnphichogntonminNamVitNamchvnvnt12n15t,htthyul
loithnchnhquynhocloivnnghvthngvpht.Rtnhiunhbotngcanmvkhnngoantnticquachkimduyt
cathcdnPhp,nhngdithingDimcngnhtnhbnnhngacontinhthnvtmchmdttquyncamnh,hocvkhng
munbcongngibtlmmtthbibttntnlngtm,hocvkhngchuniplccacccquanmtvcngan.
KgiVBng,tcgicanhnghikniting,tmttrtrrngkhungcnhsinhhotbochdichDimtrongtcphm"BnMi
NmNiLo"(tr.228)nhsau:
Ringtithyrnglmbodimtchnhthcticon,thdmunxoaysthno,bpbmthnocngvnkhngththotkhic
rangoiquocachvcuicngcgicngbitaingay,aigian.Bonomiraicnglathtghgmlm:nodmni,dmlm,dm
chinophcvnhndn,nghnvphailp,icngbngxhi,tranhuchongboccmnoomnoqutschthitha,nh
bn,dmlm,dmchtnhngrtcc,trongmtchnhthcti,nl,dnchngytonhchnhthnhNg,chngcmttbonothot
181/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
crangoiquocachNgnhDim.
CcngMcThu,HunhHoiLc,NamnhtngcacctNgiVitTDo,ChungMai,ThnChungchonvokhongthng12
nm1963,khichnhschkhngchbochcngtheochNgnhDimbnghinntdisphnutcatondn,vlctianglm
TngtrngThngTintrongtnchnhph,(saungy1111963)nhngtbonitrnmihisinhcthngngmtcngvitondnhnhx
quynnghevnistht.
ngHunhHoiLcvnlmtcyvitchlccatThiCucvonhngnm1948,1949,vhtlngnghngDim,nhngvphnnch
DimnnnhngcatChungMai,gcbtnmnhchusngindt.KgilothnhNamnh(ngibntrthnthitcanhbo
yunctinphongDipVnK)cngbtmnvichconkthcangDimnnquytnhnhbnvnhvintThnChung.Kgi
kcuvnhiuuytnTrnTnQuccngtginghipbo,thchusngthtnghipnhngtrongsch,chonkhi"cmi"vodinhcLp
vanghehmda,vanghephdngmirtthnhthongvitmtbiloivthngvpht.
RingkgiMcThu,dcmtthitrongnhmchtrngcatTDovlinhchtchvibcsTrnKimTuyn,nhngsauvkhngb
uXunCanhT,ngbtuchngichmtcchquytlit.SaunydibthiuChuBngLnh,ngvitlitrnnhtboThchmt
lotbinghincuvphphnngCnLaodichDim.Lotbitrthnhmtchngtchqugivcnhiunhnghincutn
thngnnngchointhnhschvitaCnLaoCchMngng(giyphpxutbns4114/BTT/PHNTngy3181971).Nhngkhiinxong
vspphthnhthmtsphntCnLaotmgptcgiimuahtsschinkmthmvilihmdalnukhngbnthsbthtiu,
kgiMcThunhchunhngb.
VvytcphmnghincungCnLaokhngcphbintiVitNam,vcngvvymnhngngibitchuynnykhmphthm
cniloscanhngcungvinCnLaonusthtvngnyliclttrnthmchohuthphphn.TuynhincquanvnhaM
tiSiGncngkpthimuacmtsschtchnhtcginnhinnaytcphmny,tnm1977,cphngnhvphbintihi
ngoi(ThvinQucHiHoaKhincngi5cuntrongthmc).
TicrnghicngpnhautiSiGn,tiqunkhnghikgiMcThutntuinhngphntnomuatonbmyngncunschca
ng,tuynhintinghrngtcgicngchomtsbnbvbconthnthchbitnhngdanhtnhnyphngtrnghpbhnhhungth
saracnglvcnglun.
Ngoibochdonhngkgilycngtmchcnghipvltngtdolmvkhutranhra,giinhvnnhbocnglitngcnphi
khngchcachnhschcticachNgnhDim.
TrongmtbuihithotiHiBtVit,ngLVnSiuphichonbnglntingsngbong:"Vschvbochthhitinchindithi
Phpthuc,vnnhnkgicnchngnhiutdodnchhndichnhthCngHangynay"
SauCchMng1111963,nhiunhvnnhbochnthnharanhngliphntnh,chnghnnhngNguynV,chnhimbnnguytsan
PhThnghaybBtTr,chnhimnhtboSignMi.
ngNguynVsaukhivitnhngdngcmncctnglnhtrongHingQunNhnCchMng"bnchtcilbchtrongdinhGiaLong"
(tcanhemngDimNhu)phingmngim"ghtmchomnh"khinhnlicngtrnhvitlchgnchcnmtri8.
182/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
BBtTrththanhminhrngmnh"lunlunbpbc,bkhngb.Hngngyphichutrmiutinhc,bbtbucphivitnhngdngch
ngclilngmnhhoanhnhngciiungoa,xotr,tnc,btnhn"9.
SauCchMng1111963,nhnhngkbgiamcmkmkptrongbngtibngcnhnnhbnhminh,nhiunhvnnhbocngkhait
kimtrnmtbocngnhnhiucybtquayratcolnnhaultaysaicach.Nhngskinnilnchnhschnptdongn
lun,tdottngcanhNgsut8,9nmtri.
RingnhvnkimnhboDonQucS,ngimuyvbtnngkhut,ngimnhngtcphmyptnhdntcvlacchmngv
ctchcnXQucTbotrnhmttnhnlngtmvonm1978,lcmidicvoNambytthitintngvochNg
nhDimxydngmtminNamvngmnhnhdnchvtdo,thchmynmsauthtvngaunvbtmncngccvich.
Vnngibtkhutvclims,ngcngkhaichtrchchnnangdyhcSiGnthbthuynchuynvKinGiang.
Khngphichtrongnhngnmutinsau1954msut9nmdichDim,thnhphnvnnghscanctalthnhphntrong
sng,cngtrcvtrnysinhlcdntc.NhtlthnhphnvnnghstngkinhquacucchinPhpVitvangmanghoiboxydng
minNamthnhmttimphtxutltngdntccchmnggiiphngtBcvthngnhtquhng.NhngchDim,vcbit
ngNgnhNhu,srngscmnhcamtqunchngdnchvtdocthlmsuygimuyquynvdanhvngcamnh,khngchc
sngto,nimtintng,quyttmnggpvquynyunccagiiny.th,chngDim,vcbitngNhu,litoranhngkhun
thcvnnpbtnhtsinhhotvnhagiodctrongmtcpmkhnngsngtochcnngnghavikhnngphcvchoch.
HquludicanlsaungytondnltchDim,asgiilmvnhavtruynthngchcnhaiphnng:hocbnglnmtcch
vkimsotvvtrchnhimgiitanhngncbnn,hockhcnkhpnpvokhunphpcachnhquynnhbiukinhat
chnnmqua.DithiThiuthicamtchDimkhngDimtuycngcmtskgivvnnghskhngbhqunychiphi,nhng
quthtlhimhoi!
iuctithbacachDimlchnhschxungtayhyditilp,lixviilpchnhtrnh(haynhiukhitnthn)ivikth
CngSn.Dtrnmtnhchvdanhxng,mtchcgilgichngnathc3duhiurtrrngvrtdnhnthyxcnhmt
chcctihaykhng:Thnhtlbochcbtcotquyntdongnlunkhng,thhailbuccgianlnkhng,vthbalilp
cbnpkhng.Nucutrlilcthchcchnchcti.ChDim,trongc3trnghpvquartnhiubngchngcth
trngtrotrliC.
QuchidichDimlmtthquchibnhn,mccdnbiuchlmcicngtchnhthcnhmthngquaccdlutdoPhTng
thnggiti.Nhngcucvnngtranhctrongqunicngnhngoinhndnllngvkchcmnhnhngtrhnhtnhochey
nhnggianlnvbpbm.Ccbuitranhlundluttinghtrngthchlnhngmndncnhkhoatrngmttrchidnchmoha.
Khnniodinthconmokpthgtg,nntanhQuchitrthnhmtnhhtrtincathnhph,cngdinnhiutrcnglm
bnmtqunchngvthgii.
Cmilnspsanngybucquchi,ngDim,ngThc,ngNhu,ngCn,bNhumingilpmtdanhschtaysai"gii"camnh.
Ttc5danhschctptrungvotayvchngNgnhNhulnggivlmbngtngktachongDimduytlilncui.Nuc
sbtngkingiaanhem,thDnbiuHNhChi(hinSanJose)mangchthcavchngNhunochyxungVnhLonghaychyra
HuxinsthngcmcachaThc,cuCn.NhngaicltvobndanhschchungquytlccoinhccDnbiuri,chcn
itr"SnngMiV"dinrakhpnihpthchaavcahnalnghnhngangivotanhhtlnvitcchcamtnhLp
PhpdnclmtrnnhimvDnbiugian.NhngcnhiutrnghpkhiNhuviCnbtngkinvmtngcvinnothtaiha
183/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
snchongcvinkia:ngtaslcigaicaNhunungtalngicaCnhayngcli,rikhngsmthmunbkthcachmnh
trym,ay.Nirra,DnbiudichDimlDnbiucbchkhngphiDnbiucbu.
TngychDimrai,nhimkquchinocngphidnhhainvchovchngNgnhNhu,chngthngcKhnhHatronglcv
ngcLongAn.Nhmtcpvchngnhgiulunluntsnhaivmtrphtdintunghthch,nhngdnchnghaitnhqutht
chabaogithymtmingiidincamnh,chabaogithyngcvinnnvvnngtranhc,nhngktquvnlunlunl
trn98%.TtctiliunivcccucbucdichDimuchngminhiu.VtrnghpbDnbiuNgnhNhu,itNguyn
ChnhThi,nguynTlnhNhyD,cnhnxtrrtkhingtaphigpvTlnhQunKhuThlTrungtngThiQuangHongtrnh
byvtrnghpngtabchnghing:
"NhngTrungtngnghsaovhintnhtnccachngta,vsbtlccachnhphvnhtlvhnhngbongccamNhu.Ming
tuynbvdnvnc,mtrongbngchatonmmuphndnhinc.Ngita(ngmunninhaingPhanKhcSuvPhanQuang
n)cdnbu,mnhlidngthongianmanhgtrariembntitkhnkipvotrongquchi.VngaycchnhmNhuna,mi
dinchoai?DncHa,cHucaibitmtmu,caiamu?"10.
(Xinlurng,khiccucbucnhimkhaingy208nm1959mitThicpnllcmtnhhnhtitnhLongAnmtanninhri,
vthvicbNhutrngc98%ticHa,cHu,vngmtanninhnhtcaLongAnlmchodlunbochquctchtrch).
Nm1959,giitaplcchnhtrcaHoaKihiphithcthidnch,iphvinhngmamaicaqunchngtithnquvnhtl
(theogiosButtinger)vchquantinrngmnhkimsotcqunchngtith,anhemngDimquytnhtrnhdinmtmnngon
mcbngcchchophphainhnvtPhanKhcSuvPhanQuangnratranhctiSiGn.
Vmcdchnhquynsdngnhngthongianlnnhdichuynnvqunivbphiu,trothngphiuhaingSuvnvn
ccvvang,dnuttcngcvincachnhquyntithnhSiGnChLn.Ringngnthccvi36.106phiu(63%tngs)
caqunNht,nvcdinhcLptalc.Thnglicahaingn,SubinssngscaanhemngDimthnhracnphnn,sngs
vkhngngqunchnglitnnhimkilpcamnhvphnnvthykthcthngngaytith,nnhlinralnhchoyBanHp
ThcHacucbuctuynbhaingSuvnlbthpl.
Skinchchaingiilptrongmtquchigmn123DnbiumanhemngDimvnkhngchpnhnchngtnhNgmunduytr
mtnnctituytinhthno,vcngchngthxemthngnhngnguyntcdnchcbnnno!Hainhnvt(Suvn)
cnhndntnnhimdnphiuchothlibthpl,hainhnvt(vchngNhu)khnghtipxcvinhndnthliccvi98%sphiu.
ChuaxtvmamaithaychodanhtNhnVvCngHa.
ThtrahaingPhanKhcSuvPhanQuangnkhngphilngixalivianhemngDim,licngkhngxalchtnoivihngng
nhngngiqucgiatranhuchodntc.ngPhanKhcSulmtnhnvtCaoi,occao,tinhthncchmngcaomdnminNam
coinhlmtnhnskhknh.ngSutngcngDimmigichcBtrngCanhNngutinkhingDimcnlThtng.
CnngnthtnggpgngDimthi1947,1948khichainHngKngcngviCuHongBoitholuntmgiiphpqucgia
ginhclpchoncnhvcchnhnghachngliVitMinhvngCngSn.KhiQuctrngBoinhnngrathngthuytvi
PhpvsauchnhphTrungngLmThirai,ngncmigichcBtrngThngTinTuynTruyn.ngarachtrng
"Dnchngtrthchavtrthcdnchngha"chngCngSn.NhngchlmBtrngbathng,nhnthyngiPhpchathttmtrao
184/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trclpchoVitNam,ngbntchc.SaungiHoaKvtheohclpchnhtrhctiihcHarvard,ngthitinhnhnhngvnng
viHoaKgipVitNamchngCng.TiHoaK,nggpngDimvcngvnngviccchnhkhchHoaKnghchongDim,v
th,nm1955,saukhingDimlncmquyn,ngnbntrvVitNamngaymongcngnggpcnglaovichqucgiatrongcng
cucchngCngcunc.ngcBGioDcmidytiihcYKhoaSiGnnhngrithychNgnhDimchtrngcti,c
tn,cng,nhnthynhndncngngycngbtmnvichvVitCngmingymtphttrinbnhtrng,ngbnthnhlpngDn
Chhotngilpvichtrongschlctranhthqunchngchodbtmnvichthhvnngtrongchintuynqucgiach
trngdnchtdo.Do,ngrangcDnbiuvicmongdngthhpphphphin,cmongdnghnhthcutranhdnchd
dnghotng,nghalnilntingniutranhchthccangiqucgia.
RangcDnbiu,ngcnhndnhtlngngh,ngcthngvvang,cchngu,bphttaychnnhNg,khngnganhem
ngDimbtchpdlunquct,btchpnguyncanhndn,cngkhaitrngtrnbcbktqucccangvcangibnngl
PhanKhcSu.
ChDimyngvobcngcngvchnhchcngcngngycngbcsuvohtilinnnhnccucochnhNhyD
ngy11111960,citNguynChnhThi,mtlnhtcapheochnh,mingthamdcucltchDim,nghnghithamgia,
lniphtthanhtcoticcanhNg.Cucochnhbtthnh,ngbbt,bngcitratn,bgiamhttrinyntrikhcmaukh
nhtltrigiambmttiSThSiGn,bsP42,mtnhgiamnguyhimnht,tnbonhtchdnhringgiamcmtrakhongiquc
giailpquantrngnhtriChnHmcaNgnhCnHu.
Ngitrongt,milnrnhrangvhiphccmtchttnlcsaunhnglnthmvnvtratn,ngthnglmthgitthgi.Chngtahy
nghelithtcnhngcP.42thychDimyangiqucgianhthno:
P.42STH
(Habith"tsngqun"cangTrnVnHng)
Danhnkhttingtngnghe,
P.42ngthitn!
int,bnhquaykuii,
Xbngnc,nutthethe,
Traitralikinhchah?
Khaitikhailuimtquh.
C,C,Cutr,Matrngn,
Thntdibalitrne.11
185/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
(Ghich:ClngDim,ClngNhu,CulngCn,trltrym,MatrngnlbnmtvCnLaotrtitratn)
Ngy11thng7nm1963,chnhquynNgnhDimemhngtrmnhns,chnhkhch,gios,sinhvinvmtsqunnhnratanqun
scbitvti"phnlon",trongccannhnPhanQuangn.
Trcta,ngnvngithihinngangbtkhut.Sulnngdmcngkchchnhquynvsulnngubchnhnchnli.ngn
cngnhnlniphtthanhnghHingCchMngvcngkchchnhquynvkhngcngnhnilp,bpnghtboch,bucgian
ln,npccchinstdodnch,thinvgianhngphi,lmthtnhntm,mngchoCngSnxmchinminNam.ngntrnh
byrng:"Tilmtngicchthcvn,cnggilgiaodurngri,vnliquenbitviTngthng(Dim)tlumcngpnhiuiuoanc
ngangtri,nhiuiubtcngtrngtrnnhvyththhingidnthpcbminghncncthbchpnnhthno?"Ringnli
aranhngdnchngonktcanctadithinhTrn,skinonktgiahaikthPhpvc,NhtvMtrchimhaNgaS
ihiTngthngDimnnchtrngonktvingiqucgiatrcnguycCngSn,nukhngthsmtncvtaykthHNi12.
CngcnnithmrngtrongthigianngnbgiamgichunbraTa,anhemngDimctitlchobochbitrngngncvitmt
lththngthitxinTngthngDimkhoandungvlongtrnghaskhnghotngvitthilpna.Nguntinnylmxcngvnn
chqunchngvmtsngichabitrngn.Mthm,tivodinhcLptrnhbyvktqumtscuciutravnhngmuthun
KinhThngcthcminCaoNguynTrungphnthngDimaramtlthchvitbngmctmrtpvniviti:"Anhxemthng
nhnmtkhngn,nvitthlylctixintha,thmcnghunhhoanglnhtlnhtic".TicrngngDimvaalthra,tichmithy
longthongvichthngvictngay.
VnycchnhnTanQunscbitnhclitrcTavihuchtrchngnvitthlylcTngthngDim.ngnphn
khngkchlitvthchthcvchnhnemlthratrctavtrcbochnhmttangchngxemcphilntchcanghaykhng.
Nhng,ldnhin,tancachDiminodmara,vcngldnhin,ngncbaogivitlthu.(Vnuquthtclth
hocngayccgimocmtlthnhvythchcchnanhemngDimkhaithctntnhbinlththnhmtbnnchnhtrv
ocdmngnxungtnbnnhchcngphitytratn).
KhngcnnithaicngbitrngdichNgnhDim,nginocttnghayhnhngilpthkhngbaogiantonutranh
hpphptrongkhunkhhinnh,chonndlluncangncvngvngvhplbaonhiu,cuicngngvnphibyraCno.Ti
y,ngncmingitbnt,cait,ntrngtri,ys,qunnhnknhmnvtnhhnhhohipcang,vtcchkhngkhica
ng.Trongcun"Binc11111960"cnhiubntcanginglmungicchmngtrungtrinh.ngPhanBCm,lnhtngDnCh
XHi,chtchhiNhnQuynutinVitNammccchnhkhchvlnhtngphikhngmyaikhngbit,vnlbntcangnti
SiGnvtiCno,vsaunylngchcatitrongLcLngDnTcVit,tlngmnphcngn.ngPhanBCmnivitirng
trcvlcuyquyn,roivttratncacnganmtvmgicphongkhphchnhngPhanQuangnkhngphild.
NhnnhvngPhanQuangn,DennisWarner,kgidanhtingngic,vitnhsau:
BcsnlnhnvtilpthnhcngnhtdichDim.LbmtcnhndnyuchungnhttrongcucbucDnbiutiSiGn,
nhngngnlibchDimthght.KhngaicthlnnngnlCngSnvsnghipcangtalsnghipcamtnhnvtchng
Cng.XutthntihcHarvard,cmigiicoilchnthnhnhttronggiichnhkhchVitNam.CngnhngDim,ngncnhiu
ctnhtt,nhtlxngnglmmtnhlnho.Trongphtchtcangybuc,Dimem8.000binhsvSiGnvichthlphib
186/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phiuchnglinnhngnvnthngc.DnccnhngngDimvngtnrakhiQuchi.McdccTaisMvAnh
phni,Dimvncngrn.DimsrngnsmdnkhngchoDimthchinchngtrnhcangta.ThghtilpnhngngDimli
tinrngnhndnchpnhncichthiukhnngcangta13.
CucivsnghipcangPhanQuangndsaocnglcucivsnghipcamtchinsxhibithamnhsngvivutranhcho
qunchngnghokhcamtchinsqucgiamangtnhiubnchtcchmngdnthnchinuchocngbngtdodnch.ngthnhhay
bichabitnhngchcchnlnghnrtnhiucctrthckhoabngnhng,chbittrmchn",unmnhtheochiugihaybCngSnla
gt.
Nm1948,trchimhaCngSn,ngn(cngnhngDim)quaHngKngtholunviCuHongBoimonghnhthnhmtgii
phpqucgia.Sau,chnhphqucgialmthirainhngtrcdtmcangiPhp,ngnchgichcBtrngbathngritchc.
LicngnhngDim,ngb"giiphpBoi"iHoaKvnngvichnhgiiHoaKgipVitNamchngCng.TiM,ngcngbitrng
ngkhngccthlcnhngDimnnngvnngnghchongDimvihyvngngDimstrthnhlnhtxngngcapha
qucgiahunguviHChMinh.
Tuynhin,giangnvanhemngDimlicnhiuimkhcbitrtnibt:ngnchabaogilmquanchoNamtriumcntnhhai
ngKhi,DimngnchabaogilmcngchccaocptaysaichoThcdnPhpnhhaingNhu,Luyn.Giatrnikhngkhipnmt
Du(1945),tronglcngnvtvthnhlponkhtthccutrngbokhnkhthanhemnhNglngcaobnghusngtrongnh
caocarng,quaylngvicichtcahngtriungbongho.Cngnm1945,dchlmtthanhnintrthcmivoi,ngntchc
vlnhoPhongTroNgXnguvilclngcangHChMinhtiHNimkhngngiCngAnbicangVNguynGip
angtaydaotaysng.TronglcthdcnmuviVitMinh,ngNgnhNhulibHNitrnvLtsngbnvpconxinh,annhn
trongvngTychimng.
ngnxthnutranhnnbav,rigianh,xaquhngtmphngcunc,cnngNhulithnhthilmmtchnhkhchxalng
giaSiGnynn,ngichsungrng,inhngngiMnhSpellman,Dulles,Wesley,Buttinger,Lansdale,Kennedy,Mansfield"bng"anh
mnhvnccmquyn.
Tbntnhconnginphongthihnhng,ngPhanQuangnvngNgnhNhukhcnhaumttrimtvcnhthmtrongcunLm
thnogitmtTngthng,CaoThDungmnlingNhupngnxungtnbndcalchs:
"ngPhanQuangnlhn,htchytheoPhpvBoi,khiquaMmcnicmytayThngNghSvmtvivinchcCIAthlitrv
theoM"
NgytohaymnlingNhuxuyntcsthtvbpmplchs,CaoThDunglrachntngCnLaoCngGiophidntccamnhqua
cunsch.VilihnhvnvngnttrotrkhngctrongKinhThnh,tinghipchoCaoThDung(cngnhnkgiHiggins)munnh
conbcbpchnhtrvlchs,mongbinticcachDimthnhravngsonhoagmcadntc.CaoThDungcnnhntmkhinunhng
nhnchngCnLaoCngGio(iyMinh,iyThch)xuyntccichtoancthmthngcanhthukhonNguyncPhngmc
thnhphubitlnnnhnaukhcalnhchaminTrung.BconrutthtcangPhngcnsnghingoi(KsNguyncHuyn
hinOrangeCounty)mCaoThDungdmdngngchuynbPhngmangthaibochachoticgitngicaPhanQuangng,Ng
nhCn.CngnhCaoThDungdmdngngvmtiyCIAtnScottlthphmvnmlunlmchtngitiiPhtthanhHu
187/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nm 1963 nhn bin c Pht gio. V mc d trong "LmTh No Git MtTngThng" CaoTh Dung nng li ch trch vn ho Nguyn
TngTam,lnhtVitNamQucDnng,vbibnngnynhngtihingoiCaoThDunglilpra"VitNamQucdnng/HiNgoi"
vtxngllnht.
LmtytlmmtbovinchobcsTuynthmsauvinmHingoi,CaoThDungdmtxnglGiosTinsxutthntihc
Columbiadbaonhiungicngkhaithchthcdanhxng.CaoThDunghunhhoangkhoclc,licnhmCngGioCnLaotng
bcnncngkhoclchuynhhoangthmchonkhicun"Ltmtnnhngconthlchnhtr"cangLTrngVnphthnhtconhng
hnhngmantrcaCaoThDungthtchntnggiandicaCaoThDungmibcl.(Nm1993,khicunVNMLQHTnysonsacho
tibnthCaoThDungangingyratatrlinhngvml,xuyntcmtsnhnvttrongcun"MtTrn,nhngsthtchahc
k").
TrongmtcucmnmvingLVnThi,LutsinhThchBchvmtvinginavocuinm1985tinhring,ngThichobitkhi
cunLmthnogitmtTngthngcrmrtibntihingoi,BcsTrnKimTuyntLunngiinthoiquachongThi
nhnhnliviCaoThDunghychmdtviclidngtntuicangtalmqungcochocunsch.ngThicnchobitBcsTuyn
chabaogilngtcgivingDungmchtrlingDungmtsthcmcctnhcchtintckhingDungbtuvitSiGnchonbn
lnu.
Trongncgicunschnyl"LmthnonuimtTngthng"(VnHaVnNghminNamdichMNgyTpI,trang279).Tht
CnLaoCngGiovCngSnVitNamchabaoginhpnhng"tngc"nhth.McngulcangCaoThDung!
Chnhschtchithtphtxuttchnghagianhtrnnquannimvicnclvicnh,xemqucgiavdntcnhlcaringgianh
mnh,munptlutl,munthihnhHinphpthnocngc.
Nm1959,chnhphNgnhDimchobanhnhLutGianhs1/59gm135iutrongciucmlyd,cmathvtrutphquynli
conngoihn.olutdobDnbiuNgnhNhudthovtrnhbytrcQucHingy13thng12nm1957.Ngy21thng12nm
1957,bNgnhNhubphnghpQucHiravvcviDnbiumunduytrmtsquynchongichngtronggianh.ycnglo
lutcaVitNamCngHabhuhtcckgi,nhvitsngoiqucdngnkchbNgnhNhuvolutingclitruynthng
sinhhotcagianhVitNamvkhngphhpvitnhhnhchnhtrxhilcbygi.
Cngbngmnithcmathlmtviclmhpltuychahptnhhpcnh,nhmbibmtctctngnxa.Chticrngviclmny
cha ng lc v tuy t nc tm thanh bnh nhng lng ngi cha nh, m dn chng th cn ngho i nn h trng ch v i hi nh cm
quynttrngtmvnlcvonhngbinphpcptcchovndnsinh,dnkhnlgyranhngxotrnxhi.Cnlutcmlyd(bt
nguntgiolutcaGiohiVatican)thlilmtolutvl,vnhno,gyrilonxhimngaycnhngnckhctrnthgii,dchu
nhhngvnminhngphnghayTyphng,dsinhhotxhicbchiphinhiuhaytbitngio,cngchamtncnodmpdng,
kciLi,mtncmtondnutheoCnggioLaM.DlunVitNamlcbygi,tthnhthnthnqu,tmigiaitngkhcnhau
trongxhi,ninocngnosinibntnchngivolutsnhhngtaihichohnhphccamigianh,micpvchng.Ngay
nhngDnbiuQuchi,thDnbiuchnh,thDnbiucdngilnghgt,mcngcngidmphnidlutgianhthbits
btmncadnminNamlncaonmcno.DnbiuNguynHuyChngkchkchlitdluncabNhumngchorng"bovgia
nhbnglutnylchngCngcmtchn,ltrilutthinnhin,khinvchngkinnhau,gynhiubtcngvxuirarilon"Ngy19thng
Gingnm1958,viDnbiuphiphnnvbNhuchtrchnhiuvmunphhoikhngbiuquytdlutgianh"chvmunlyvl"v
cthi"ththn".TheoccngDnbiuthnhvylxcphmQuchi,bNhuphixinlithQuchisbqua
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MyngysaubNhuchongbo,thanhminhrtdi,cichnhnhnglignchob.Bni"ththn"chkhngni"ththn"!
Vntraltisaoolutgianhingcvilngdn,bdlunchngisinimanhemngDimNhuvncbnhvcbNhu,vnc
plcbtQuchithngquabanhnhthnhlutchobngc.Chngtahynghemtchngnhncathicuc,mtcngsvinthntnca
ch,mtngihngngyvoradinhTngthng5,7lnvlngichutrchnhimphbintintcquctvqucnichocnclng
TnggimcVitTnXNguynThitrnhbysthtngsaumtsinhhotlpphpcaNhtCngHa:
VicchobanhnholutcabNhuchothychNgnhDimanginmtkhcquanhlmnibtbNhunhlmttrungtmquyn
lcquantrngnht.Violutgianh,lnutinbtachngtcngkhaiblngithtsnmquyntiminNam.olutcthngqua
nglcavcangBtrngNguynHuChublunglay.VitcchBtrngPhTngthngkimBtrngBNiv,ngChulnhn
vtquantrngnhtsauTngthngNgnhDim.NitinglmtlutsthnhcngnhttiSiGn,lilconchucamtiphgiatiG
Cng,ngNguynHuChuccoilmtBtrnglimkhitvtibacachDim.ivingiNamthnglouvnghingngiBc
dicl"kxmlc",NguynHuChulku,lBtrngcah.ivilptrthctrcach,ngChulngicptinhcth
trngcyningtatrongcngcuccitinxhi.ivingilnnchDimlmtchthamnhngthNguynHuChutbnghing
nhtvngChuqugiucnhvolitccavnphnglutsvnhthakmtgiatis.ivitngthngDimthngChulmt
cngsvintiba,clccthdintvphbincnhngkinlngtngmhcangDimthnhranhngnglittchochnhph.
ivingNgnhNhuthngChulngianhctchovngChulychrutbNhulbTrnThLChilmv.Vnlingtinng,c
cangChulbiutnglimchnhchochNgnhDim,nh,thnth,avngChutrichyttpmmchonkhidlutgia
nhcabNhurai.
TiSiGn,tnm1957,nhngaitngbittnhcmgianhringcangChuulouchosnghipchnhtrcangtasblunglayvu
nghingsthtsngcaTngthngDimivingChuclinhnolutgianhcabNhu.HborngkhinongChuquytnhk
giylydvngta,mtnginbangsngvitnhnhntiParis,tcllcngkbnnchnvisnghipchnhtrcamnh.Dnghay
khngthgiitrthcSiGnugiithchrnglutgianhcabNhulngncnngChulydv.Nhngiuquantrngtrongolutgia
nhlilnhngimnivtisncahaivchngkhixyralydnhtrnghpcangNguynHuChu.Nhngtisncacpvchnglyd
vnltisnchungchonkhicphnquytcatan,tisnsthucvngithngkin(ttnhintrongkhigianhngDimcncmquyn,
bNhuvncnlNHongthchb,lnginbngoitnhTrnThLChi,chcchnsthngkinvngChusmthtgiatisnghip).
VldochonnvnlydchaphilvntrmtrngcaxhiVitNammbngnhincaracmlyd
ChcnnghincuqualoavolutgianhcabNhucngthynhngiuquantrngcchcbitliu55n70,nhngiuniv
cmlyd,vnhngiu45n54liubovtisnchungchohaivchnglyd,tonlnhngiulinhvitrnghpcangNguyn
HuChu.Cnlinhngiukhcchliutha,chgiiquytmtsvnxhimbuncithaynlikhngxyratixhiVitNam,
hocchdnglmbnhphongcheynhngmcchchnh,vdnivtcathlmttptcctruyncaxhiKhngNhonququen
thucvingiVitNam,khngcnlmtttrngcaxhiVitNamna14.
NgoingNguynThira,ttcnhngaibitrhoncnhngNguynHuChucngubitLutGianhcabNhuchyunhmcntrng
talydngivhthnmtntvbommttisntolnchongichrutcabNhu.KgiStanleyKarnowcngnhngTrnVnn,
bnthncabNhu,cnguxcnhnnhth.
TheongPhanXng,mtthilcnbtrungkincangDim,tnglmthukhontiLtvnggpnghtichnhchongNg
nhThcvvchngngNgnhNhu,thbTrnThLChitlusngchungvimtngiPhptnlOgeryvnlchnhnmtgarage
189/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tiLt.DnchngLthtlinguynranginblnglon,thmbNhulilmdngquynhnh,btchpolnhntnh,bt
chpdlunqunchng,xungtaylmlutgianhmonghingianhr,hikhinti.
RingngNguynHuChu,vbitrngngiemvccnhamhimaLutGianhralctkhngchomnhlyd,vbitrngngiem
nghaolngNgnhNhuphnbi,vbitrngmnhbTngthngDimphphng,chonnnuliqunhththnocngbhm
hi,tnhmngcngskhantonmgiatisnghipcthbtchthu,chonnngy551958,ngnhphixintchcBtrngribmtvt
ngbtrnsangCaoMinsangPhptnn.Blisaulngquhngxs,blisaulngsnghipgiati,blisaulngbconthn
thuc,ngNguynHuChuemthnlmkluvongnitkhchqungichvmt"congmibtucttinggy".
Thlbtnguntmtchuynnibgianh,mnuginxptrongkhunkhgiihncanhngngsthchmnhsmtiphntisnbo
b,bNhubinnthnhchuyncaqucgia,ngytrangbngnhngllunhoammkhngbit,hockhngcnichiuvihinthccax
hiVitNam.Cithibtcnqunchng,cicungcchixvinhngvdncngvinnhthchcthgiithchbngsthiugiodc
octronggianhvssaymquynuynmqungmthi.
Ssaym,saukhioLutGianhbpmichngivbtchpsphnncaqunchngvncthngqua,bngtrthnhmt
sxcnhchcnchvscmnhquynhnhcthtcabNhu.thccvtrvvaitrcamnh,t,bNhubtucanthipmnhm
hnvobnocachnhquyn,tclgiatcNgnh.Vcngt,ninchlkhngthtchribNhu,cngnhninbNhulni
nbnchtcachvchnhbkhnkhopt,vndng,nhhng,cand,thithc,nggp,tholun,chiphi,iungmiquyt
nhcanhmanhemnhchngangnmgimiquynlclnhotnc.
Thtvy,cTnThtToichotibitrngquytnhngholutgianhnycangDimldonhhngcangiemdu.Nguync
ToithucmtgianhivngtcminTrungmthnphlmtvPhchnhithn,ngthiCcnglbnthncangKhi,ngDimt
thacnnh,tnghcchungvinhauPellerinvtrngHuBHu.TlccblmTrihuynchonngynmchcThngthtitriu,
ClunlungignvhnhxtrongmumcCnKimLimChnhcamtngicngbcgngmu.
TrongsutcucchintranhPhpVit19451954,dthucdngdiTnThtlinhviBoi,tonthanhemCusngndt,musinh
bngnhngnghlngthin,quytkhnghptcviPhpgitrnocvthanhdanhcagianh.Chonnm1953,anhemcToimi
thhinlptrngcamnhbngquytnhchnhtrnghngNgnhDim.ChnhemrutcacToilngTnThtCnPhpccng
rtlnvingDim,tngnuingDimntiParisvtnghtlngvnngvingBoivbNamPhngngDimcchnh
lmThtng.CnchnhcToithgianhpPhongTroCchMngQucGia,hotnghngsayxydngscmnhvuytnchongDim,
saucccvoQucHi,nvNhaTrang.
TidinnQucHi,cToilmttrongnhngDnbiukchlitchngilutgianh,vthmthmCnhnctmthipcangNgnh
Nhu,trnthipchcmych:"ngToiliuhn,hycmmmli".
VnngikhngkhichonnsaukhinhnclihmdacangNhu,cToibnvodinhcLpbclnibtbnh.GpngDim,c
Toinithng:"Thac,cvtilibntthithu,haigianhchngtathmtnhthnthittxanay,anhemchngtiuhtlngngh
cchmongcbovcminNamchngliCngSn.TrongtinhthntichngiliLutGianhcabNhu,mtolutarach
lmchotondnphnn.KhngngngNhuchnglemtcati,cngchlmtDnbiunhtimlinghelivbtchplngdn,vit
giyhmdati,chonntivoykugichyvdn,vnc,vtnglaichmralnhbibcidlutthtnhntmi".ng
Dimkhngcnsuyngh,vivtrli:"BNhuaoLutGianhralcmcchcitinxhi,bovhnhphcgianhchonhndn.c
vtiuginuacri,umangtmhnboth,vycynlngicholptrhckintinbmangraphcvchoxs".
190/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CToikhngngngDimlibnhvcviclmbtchnhcangiemdu,cngkhngtrchmcngiemruthnlovthiusngsutn
th,bntrli:"Thac,titngtivoytrnhbyshnthitlichqucgia,khngngclibnhvcngbNhuthnhnytixin
chotbitclun,khngcnbaogidmgpcna,vcngkhngbaogiihpQucHina.Ticngthacbit,nukhngvcthti
hpboalihmdacangNhurachoQucdnvquctbit".NhngskintrnyucngTnThtToithngbochomts
DnbiungvinvngiemrutngtalTnThtThit(hinngtiLosAngeles,California),GimcsNidchPhTngthngbit.
Lngicnghstnh,thchhtbivvnth,saukhitgichnhtrngcToiluivNhaTranggichcchtchhiKhnghcKhnhHav
chmloPhtstichaTnhHiNhaTrang.MilntivNhaTrang,cToivtithnggpnhaumovnhnglcixemhtbicaon
htBnhnhnitinglon"HipMinTrung",gpnhngtungnh"LBhiuThuyn"onVngTlpmugitcngTrc,
cnhtrngchumtcchthngkhoitrathvvknghchthnntividntcquhng.
NguynPhctclmtdnghlnnhtminTrung,crtnhiuthnhphntrthcnhns,tsaukhianhemngNgnhDimbtbTCung
ibphiutrutphngiconrutthtlQuctrngBoi,tchthutisncaCuHong,cabNamPhng,cangVnhCncuinm
1955,thhuhtngicadnghNguynPhctcuxalnhngDim.VicnhNgbtbgiamcmngBuBang(hinLosAngeles)v
vukhngchonglginipPhplmtin,vicnhNgnhhmhinhthukhontntuiTnThtCncnglmtincnglmchob
condnghNguynPhctccmththmanhemngDim.ChcnlihphicacThnThnlcnnghngDimthmnaynhNg
bcikhinhthngTnThtToi,hthingTnThtHi(nguynlibiuChnhphminCaonguyn),phnbingTnThtCn(vnln
nhnc)thNguynPhctckhngcnaicthgilngitiubiuccmtnhvianhemngDimna,ngoitrbanhnvtThinChagio
lngBuVu,ngTnThtTrch,linhmcBuDngvhainhnvtPhtgio:ngTnThtThincugimcphngbochphTngthng,
ngBuHimtnhbchcVitNamvathnCnglivathnvinhNg,htmnhnghnhNgtrongbincPhtgionm1963,dm
lSbDiuHuchnglinhNg.
QuytnhbnhvcbNhuthngquaLutGianhrrnglnhtancihuynthoi"KhngMnh"mgianhngDimvbmytuyn
truynchnhquyntv.MtchtthcvtruynthngnhoscnstliningDimthcngvhnhngbnhvcngiemduvhnh
nymtanthnhctbi.ngthi,vquynlicachbNhumphbngChutotinlchochnhschdngnhnsailmsauny,mt
chnhschtuynchnkhngttiuchuntrntmchtvkhnngmlttrnstrungthnhvkhnngbovquynligianhhNg.
TchitolnvnguyhimnhtcangDimvchcanglscthngvvangcabNhutrongvlutGianhcnibgianh
h Ng quan nim nh s th thch quyn hnh, t , bng dng ma qui ca hai v chng ng Nhu ngy cng ln ln, nng ln ch ,
khuynhlotquynlnhongllcavnguynthqucgia.NhngNguynThiphntchvonm1962,hnhaiminmsau,mtk
gingoiqucnhnnhthtchnhxc:
BNhuthngchctcngDimtrongringtvthnglmngtakhxtrccngcngvnhnglilykhiukhchcabta.Nhngng
Dimbquahtvbtatrungthnhvigianh.BtacngngycnglnlitronglcngDimcngthuknli(reclusive).Tuynhin,uyquyntt
nhcabtalilduhiucasmcnt,spcachgingnhtrongthicnicaTrungQucms"lnngi"cabTngGii
Thchthcymauchngssuytncachngb,vnhhngtolncabGiangThanhphnnhsxungdccaMaoTrchng.Bun
cithay,tlu,khingDimchalmTngthng,ngcvitrngncTunghingngasuyvildotayccbHongHuvbconthn
thuccah,thmngynayngDimlicngcmtHongHulbNhu15.
Ttrc,tivnkhngquenbitvingNguynHuChu,lnutintigpngvonm1956tiphTngthng,khinghngptititngnh
191/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
dinhcLpnichuynquantrng.ngchobitlsnghviTngthngphttrintnhBnhThun,nimTngthngtnglmTun
V,trthnhmttnhkiumucaminNamnhngoikiaCngSnangxydngtnhkiumuThanhHa.VlcbygitilTLnhPhn
KhuDuynHinnngChumitholunvitidnhvnhtigip.Tilylmphnkhivisngkincangvquatiscchi
nggptnhiuvomtcngcuckinthitquhngcthlmknimludichocucivsnghipcamnh.Nhngrimngcangv
mngcatiukhngthnh.Gianm1956,tibnhmCngGioCnLaohmhi,bngNhucchchckhiNhaTrangvmtnmsauthb
NhuchoraidlutGianh,ngChubtubedarithng5nm1958,ngphitchcvxalnhquhng.
TuycrtnhiungibitrinhngdusaokhiklichuynngChuy,chuyncamtnginngmhnhphcgianhbtanvv
mtngivlnglon,toarpvingiemgiquynth,vsphnbiphphngcamtcptrnmmnhhtlngphcv,quthtti
khilivtthnglngcangNguynHuChu.NhngtimomuinghrngvtthnglngcangChucthnhsovnmthng,v
vnghipbonvinhNg,vtthngkhngcnrayrtbngvtthngca15triungbobmtgianhgyraaunkhnkh
hnnhiunntiphivittrsthtvcholchs.MongngChuthngcmvthathchoti.
iutchithnmlChngTrnhCiCchina.Tnm1955,khiisCollinscnkimnhimvicphitrccchngtrnhymtrVit
NamtiSiGn,chnhquynHoaKkhuyncovcthnghnhngkhochtolnvingDim(ldnhinlckmthmngnkhon
vintr)nhmgprtthchinmtchngtrnhCiCchinathuphctnglpnngdn.HoaKcnbitphihnmtphionchuyn
vincanhnngcmubingWolfLadejius,ngithnhcngmmntrongcngtctngttiiLoanvNhtBn,giphaincnytr
thnhnhngqucgiacnngxutsnxutlagocaonhttiChulcbygi.VkhngnhngHoaKmchnhcPhp,vquynlicacc
kiudncahcnlungtiVitNam,cngthokhonnhngngnkhonkhlngipVitNamCngHa,trongtnglai,mualitai
rnglncacciinchphnphtchomtslngtinngo.
TrcvncbnvkhncpnhthmngDimcngpngngmichonhainmsaumiksclnhvCiCchinabtutin
hnhmtchngtrnhnngnghipmtcdngkinhttolncanchcchnkhnglnbngtcdngchnhtrrtquantrngvrtludi.
Nhngtaihithay,nhngnguyntcchomngaraiuhngchngtrnhnykhngnhngngclivicckhuyncocaHoa
Km,ymiliuaun,cnphnbinhngcnguyncanngdnvntraochongnimtinvkvngtnhngngyngcnphi
inuviccgiophivtrangtiSiGn.
Nhngnguyntcny,nhntonb,chnhmvevngiiiinchvncnhhngchnhtrtiSiGnvcctnhl,bngcchvnduytrcho
hcccquynclitrongvicshuvkhaithcccvngtrnglnhnlqunphnnguvtondincctinnghonnc
lmshuchmtmnhrungmhhngmc.Chplntrncvngnsnhngchnhngcaikhinngdnvncha,ng
Dimcnvnhngmctiuchnhtrthincnvcnhn,mnhndanhqucschchngCngmqungtrngphtccnngdntrongthi
khngPhpcVitMinhcpphtchotrungt.ngralnhtruthucctinhocbtngtinbithngnngncciinch,
nhngtinnohinangchimhunhngmnhtmngyxaVitMinhlycangigiuchiachongingho.
ChnhschbtcngbVitCnglidngtiaphntuyntruynvxuyntchuhiumtvithnhqunhnhoitimtviaphng
bitltngithnhcng.Tronggnbnnmphtngchnhsch,tnhnthng7nm1961,ngDimphnphtrungtcho109.438t
introngtngstrnmttriunngdnVitNam.Nhngvncnkhongtrnmttriu(nbncin700.000lvncnt)nngdnmhi
ncmtchomtthiusiinchngimtnbtvng 16.ChnhmtgianhiinchtiVitNamchorngchnhschnytrthnh
mihalnkhngnhngchotinmcncchochin,vkclinhttrongchnhschnychnhlVitCng17.
192/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tuy nhin, s tht bi , trn c hai mt nng nghip ln chnh tr, d c nng n n u vn cha phi l im ti mun nhn mnh n trong
chngschny.imquanyumtimunninltrongkhitinhnhchngtrnhcicchina,chtrngbtcngcangDim
ratinngthnmtungnhtnhnvnmilmhyhoisinhlcqucgiamtcchsuscvludi.Timunninbinphpcchtrngr
rngnhmnngmtcchqungnhngngiBcCnggiodictrongchngtrnhphnphtrungt.Chtrngtnkhngcgl
sailmnukhngmunnilcnthitnanhmgipnhngngitbquchattbtulimtisngmitiminNamtdo.
Nhngtvvmlmdngtcotvchpquynli(cngchnhng)canhngnginngdnminNamsinhra,lnlnv
khaithcvngtsnlamchngkhcamythhmtnnghaisngthcngphnvcmthbtbucphivngln.
CnhnmtkhuCiSnmngmnhvtrph,cnhntinca,dngc,nhnsvoxydngthnhmtvalacavalaminTy
th,mtcchdhiuvdthngcmnht,tacthcmnhnvchiasccitnhcmbtmncanngdnminNam.Ttnhcmbtmn
chntnhcmthghtngiBcchcnlmtsitcphncchnh,msvngvtctrchcacccnbthahnhmunlmhilngv
Tngthngmqung,mshnghiqungcaccChaxtrchnhimgiophn,bcquakhngngingng.Muthunaphng,vn
mtith,btugieovikhunchitinngthnt.
Muthunaphngnycngngycngtrmtrngvbchnhtrha,cngvimuthuntngiovnmtlu,rinbngtrongbinc
Phtgionm1963,lhaisnphmcthcachNgnhDim.Nmngnnmdngncmhaimuthunchinyvnkhngthm
thucvocthmVitNam,vnkhngxmnhpcvohnVitNam,thmchmtch9nmcaanhemhNg,chngtnph
khngkhipsinhlccadntcvkhngbitcndihinbaonhiuthhna!?
ChnhschtaihithsuphtxuttquannimsailmcangDimvmcch"khaisngvgioha"ngbominThng.
QuanhKinhThng,tlu,lmtvngaigccatnc.Nhngkhmphminhtvngnnghc,phongtchcvngnhkhoc
chiunhngnhsngkhimnhngutinvolchsxaxmcadntcxcnhslinihuytthngcahaidntcKinhThngchoph
hpvihuyns50contheomuClnnivnlngiMngvccdntcthius,tmbit50contheobLcLongrabintthii
hnghoangxaxacancta.Nhngnhngkhmphtimnnhiumcchquanvnchahagiiccmuthuntrmtrngpht
xuttnhngvachmvnha,vachmquynlivcvachmsngnlintcxyragiangiKinhvngiThngcthnmtthk
ny(minhnhlmttinnvonm1984ttrongncgirachobitngbothiuschaiminNamBcphihpvinhauthnhlp
mtqucgiamilytnl"QucgiaTyNguyn"utranhittrvichnhquynCngSnVitNam).
lmtvntiquantrng,lmtvnsinhtludichottcminhlnhoVitNam,QuccngnhCng,trongqukhcngnh
trongtnglai.Nhngtrongbicnhcanhngnmucach,ngDimkhngthccvnnnlchs,cngnhtrongkhunkh
chnhtrcathii,khngnmvngcnhngquylutchnhtrcatnhth.ngDimvngvvconcanthipmnhmvomi
quan h KinhThng trong tinh thn "khai ha" ca cc cha cTy phng i m mt cho ging man di mi r, trong cung cch ngang tng ca
nhngtaysngVinTyMimmangbci,vtronglihnhxbanb"nhchangita"(paternalism)canhngvquandnchiphmu.
ngDimchorngvcctctrngtuynthtrungthnhvingvquxungdichnngthngcthxemhnhaconngoanphc
ngcthchmschaylamngcngnhiucngtt,mngkhngbitrnghcngtngtuynthtrungthnhviBoi,viquanTy,vi
vinchcM(vsaunyviTrungCng,viCngSnVitNam).Thithcvthamntrongcimccmttn,ngthcychongi
ThngmauchngcnghavingiKinh.ngranhngchthhockhulnhchoccvinchcthahnhvnhngtiutitnhsai
tcchnmcnlilmvic,ttayvnhngkiuoqunchomaylinvphnphttich.ngtrchmcnhnvintisaolichongi
ThngtiptctrnvtmunbibtptccangiThngcbtuvchmdtnhngllcbngcchungrucn(Mcchb
nhngctclidnnvicCnggiohangiThng).
193/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Khngthnhcngtrongvictptrungnhiublckhcnhauthnhmtkhudinhinlnnnccchngtrnhyt,giodc,khaithclmsnca
ngutnkmrtnhiumktquchngbaonhiu.nglphictngbinphpringchotngscdn,ctngkhochringchotnga
phng,vctngloinhnsringchotngvntrnhxcngtmlqumnh,thnglihptpnngnymunchngthnhcngnn
"Kinhha"tonbtheomtmthccnht,gybtmntronglngngbothius.
th,chnhquynaphngvcnbthahnhthtctrch,thamnhng,hnghchnnlicnglmchongiThngbchmti,nhtlv
phngdinphongtcvtnngng.VicmnhngTrungTmDinhinnhcmtsgiodndicvmtsdndichuyntminTrung
lnbngcchchimtaicangiThng,chimnhngngcnuiscvtcahmtcchngangnhinmkhngthmhivicct
trng,yngiThngvothkthcangiKinh,caVitNamCngHavttnhinlthmmtchichoVitCngtranhthnhng
blcnytuyntruynthngli18.
CngvchnhschsailmcangDimvshngsayqucacclinhmcticctrungtmdinhinmcctngTnThtnh,riNguyn
Khnh(TLnhQunonII)vtiphinhiupheniphvinhngtnhtrngrtphctptrongquni.QunnhnngiThngtrong
ccsonvccnvBoAntittccctnhCaoNguyntnm1960nnm1963,hunhcminmmtlntchcutranhbtbo
ngchngchnhph.Hkhnglmg,chxinnpvkhlichocpchhuy,xinkhngihnhqunvkhnglmtpdchna.Chngtibit
nhngcucutranhudolclngFulrongmchxngvchhuy,nhngkhngcphngcchgiiquytnohnlhhbtuu
tranhthchngtilinphd,ani.TuycucutranhbtbongcalnhThngbngoikhnggythithibaonhiuchoqucgia,cho
quni,nhngvphngdinchnhtrthlitaihivcngvmilnbnhth,cccuchnhqunlibngngtrvVitCnglicdpxm
nhpvoccbn,ccthnThngtuyntruynphttrintinhthnbingiKinhvxydngccttnhbo.TinhthnbingiKinhsauny
cngiThngthhinrrtvkhngkhiptrongvVitCngtinchimDarlacunm1975,khitonthbinhsngiThngti
theoVitCnghtvbinthnhmtlclngtinphonggycucthmstkinhkhngchosquanvbinhsVitNamCngHa.
MuthunKinhThngnglphicxoaduvithigianvbnnngsinhtncanigingmdndnchagiihn.Nhngcccp
lnhocata,mngDimlngichutrchnhimnhtvcanthipthbovonpsngnhnvncah(khcviMvngThiusauny
chcanthipvoisngvtchtmthi),chlmchomuthunthmtrmtrng.Vkhimuthunbinthnhmtmithbtkhgii,
ngiKinhbinthnhmtkthbtkhdungthtnay,trongnhngbndncasncc,trongnhngchuynctchtnngngbnnhla
bpbng,trnnhngtnvtchmtrcablc,scdutchcamith,scnhndngcakththhtnglaicadntcphi
khnhctmcchtyxa.
DomlilmgymuthunKinhThngcangDimkhngphichtchichocucichnhtrcang,cngkhngphichochchn
nmcang,mcnkodichothhmaisauna.
Quasuchnhschtiubiutivaktrnymbtkaitnglinhvich,dtthnghhaychngiuthyr,tathybncht
cticanhnganhemngDimquthtvtxasctngtngcamingi.Bnchtctidnnviclnhosailmtaihi,m
ngchochivotl,mcacholclngCngSnddngtinchimminNamVitNamsauny.
3 TrnVnn,OurEndlessWar,tr.67.
194/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
4 NgaydithiPhpthuc,thimngDimtnglmquan,chBohcngthyctmquantrngnynnkhngdmcan
thipvoccsinhhotlngx.
5 NeilSheehan,ThePentagonPapers,tr.7.
6 ChuBngLnh,CnLaoCchMngng,tr.316,317.
7 LNguynLong,BtcDKhingTroTn,tpchKhaiPhng(s7),tr.38.
8 NguynV,TpchPhThng,(sngy11263).
9 BBtTr,NhtboSiGnMi(sngy41163).
10 TrnTng,Binc111160,tr.24,25.
12 TrnTng,Binc111160,tr.191193
13 DennisWarner,TheLastConfucian,tr.112.
14 NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?,tr.181184.
16 JosephButtinger,VietnamAPoliticalHistory,:"Butthey(DiemandhisAmericandefenders)neglectedtosaythatmorethanonemilliontenantshad
receivednolandwhatever".Xinxemthmchitittrang435v436.
18 TrnVnn,OurEndlessWar,tr.68,69.
Chng10
NHNGTHTBI
TIUBIUCACH
SkinolutGianhcthngquamanglimtstiphitrquantrngtrongcculnhoticaocagiatcNgnh,nghalcng
cach.Hnaiht,bNhunmcnghavgitrcathnglithenchtny,khngphithnglivplcchongianhrphib
ncraichochrutmnhlbTrnThLChitnaycthungdungsngcucivnggivingitnhmtxanhmil,mthngli
ctmvcchnhtrsusctiquchiviccbnngvin,vquantrnghncl,tnay,bcyuyquynthamdvonhngquyt
nhquantrngcabnoch.
ChonnsauoLutGianh,bNhubnxctinvicthnhlpPhongTroPhNLini.Ngy20thng5nm1958,tinghtrngQuchi,
bNhuchnhthckugionvincaLinonCngChc(mttchcdongNhuthnhlp)hychovcahthamgiaPhongTroPhN
Lini.
Tuynhngvnkinchnhthccaphongtrotrnmtlthuytcmtnidungtngitinb,nhngchnhstinbcngkhngphnnh
cthctrngVitNamlcbygi,lchaninchngtrnhhnhngcaPhongTrothlicngkhngphhpvinhngnhucucp
thitcaxstronggiaion.NhngimthtbilnnhtcaPhongTrokhngphichvtnhchtlthuytthiuthctmcbitv
ngikhaisinhran,tuylmtngicquynlclnlaonhnglikhngccvkhnnglnhothcychoPhongtrohotng.
195/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChonnPhongTroPhNLinicptrungngchgmphunhncaccvBtrng,DnbiuvTnggimcmkhngthystham
dcavccvgiosTrungihchocccnhlmvnha.VphaqunicngchthyvcatngNguynVnL,vcaitCao
VnVinvvcaitTXunThunmthi.TrongkhiphttrinphongtroraminTrung,bNhubngCncntrmnhmnnicui
cngchthnngDimphicanthipvcncamktssathibcsTrnKimTuynkhichcvGimcsNghincuChnhTrnhmtiu
kinthngtho,"ChCn"michuchoPhongtrothnhlpcstimtstnhminTrungnhNng,QuyNhn,NhaTrangmchtch
tnhb,dnhin,lilccbTnhtrngviybantrungnggmccbTrngty,ccbTiukhutrngvvmtvivthnggiagiuc.
Trnmtqunchng,rrngphongtronykhngchngngcanhndnvhnhbngbNhu,ngisnglpvlnhophongtro,
khnggycnimtinvsthngknhcangbo.lchaninbncht"chnhquyn"caphongtronytrnmtnhns,tthng
tngtrungngnhtngcs.Trongsnhngbthamdvophongtrony,tbthccngnnhimvxhivchnhtrcaon
thmnh,mashocvnghetheolichngbomsantonivcachng,vscnlithbmtheooailccabNhucchtdanh
gvithinh.
Trongnhimkthnhcaquchivothng8nm1959,tronglchaingPhanKhcSuvPhanQuangndcchngutiSiGn
mvntrngtrnbxatn,thPhongTroPhNLinilicti9bccDnbiu:CcbNgnhNhu,HThChi,NguynThMinh,
NguynKimAnh,NguynThXunLan,PhanThNguytMinh,NguynThVinh,HunhNgcNvNgThHoa(chnnDnbiutrongtngs123
Dnbiucamtqucgia15triudnquthtlqunhiuvnilnciplcnngncabNhukhitasosnhvich20nibiutrngn
500vdnccalngvinquchitrongmtqucgiadnch270triudnmphincgiiphngtianhtiHoaK).Trongmtphc
trnhtinhnctminTrung,cnbcanhaAnNinhQunibocovmtluniutuyntruynmicaVitCnggm4ch"mthnh
dngsuy"nhmnhvonimtinthnbcaqunchngthnquvsspttyucachkhiqunhiunbth"gmigy"trong
chnhquynvquchi.
NgitakhngthyPhongTroPhNLinicnhnghotngthitthcvludinonggpchocngcuccuncvdngnc
mchthynhnghotngtngtrng,nngphntrnhdin,cquayphimtuyntruynmtcchrtphntcdng.Thnhthongtalithy
ccbiphtgophttinsauccvhahon,khimccanhemtrongcconHngo,trongGianhPhtThocccbphnyt
khaiquangantonvschsccvkhau.VodpTt,ccblinQunYVinphtquchothngbnhbinh,nhngmamaivaun
thay,trongkhiilm"cngtcxhi"thccbvnndinsangtrng,imtranglnglybncnhccthnthququtvnhngthmtrng
nghitngcaccnnnhn.Tnhcnhmamaivauncanhngqunnhnthngphnybinthnhtnhcmuthnvhginhng
cngtc"tthin"nycaPhongTroPhNLinilcngtc"xoaducl".
NgoinhngcngtcphtrngphicnythnhimvtiquantrngcaccblphicmtngtiphngiSnhcaphTngthng,
trongcikhngkhmtritnhngmyiuhakhngkhln,nghebchtchNgnhNhucdinvnhaybanhuntvnhng"thnh
qucchmng"cachnhchtrngnamnbnhquyngiiphngphn,chtrngcngngngtincitindnsinh,vnhtl
cichnhdlunchtrchcnhnbniringvchNgnhDimnichung.NhngbuihihpnylnncaoimvongylHai
BTrng,khimtnhttrnmthnhthc,ccbchimngngbNhuphthuytiauyquyndanhvngcamnhtrongchicghbnhvngvi
lngxanhlng,cvngctmtrnkhnidanhd.
ThnhquthcscaPhongTroPhNLinidobNhutodnglmttpthvokhong100btronggn8triuphnVitNamtnh
khpcnc,mquyncngnhquuthucgiaitngthngluxhi,cchbithnvithnhphnphnhluvchemsinhvinhcsinh
vnchimtuytiastrongqunchngminNam.Licngcchbithnvinghchvigiaicpphnthnqu,vntrnglnghavc
tmtnhmcmc,nnphongtronychosuthmhchiargiachnhquynvqunchng,giathnhthvthnqu,giangigiuvk
nghotoiukinthuntinchocnbCngSntuyntruynxigicchng,cha,anh,emongtheoMtTrnhaylilmnituyntrong
196/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nghotoiukinthuntinchocnbCngSntuyntruynxigicchng,cha,anh,emongtheoMtTrnhaylilmnituyntrong
qunihoctrongbmycngquyn.
Cngphinhnrngcmtsrthimccbgianhpphongtronyhocvbbtbuchocvquthtmunnggpchoxhi.Nhngccu
tchccaphongtro,vtrchnhtrxhicaphongtrovhinthcxhiminNamlcbygikhngchophpphongtronyhindin,li
cngkhngdungthchophongtronyphttrin.Nhngngtrnnhngyut,nubNhubitgiphongcchdungvhacangiphn
VitNam,bitgilihnhxtitvnghacangiphnVitNam,vnhtlbitthngcm,chiasvitmtnhvnhimvchthccamt
phnVitNamlcbygi,thlmgcmtciquithainhphongtro,vtnhtothmmtnhcimlnchomtchangbihoi
isuvonhngtkhnghongspti.
SauPhongTroPhNLinimchcnngvhotngcanlunlunlmttimtiucaqunchng,bNhuthathngxngln
khaisinhhaitchcmi:onthThanhNCngHavlclngPhNBnQunS.
TheolituynbcabNhuthmcchcalclngnyl"stcnhchiashimnguygianlaoviccchinstrnchintrng",vchtiu
nhnsphitl1.500phncvtrangnhoNQunNhncavNmLatrckia.Nhnglituynb,nukhngphilnhngbc
phtchnhtrnngnilcuthcnglmtlingyngnmdnvvevngiiqunnhnvquthttngythnhlptchcny,chngta
chabaogithynhngonvinThanhNCngHaratintuynchiabisngtvianhembinhs.Cngmaylhkhngcgiranichin
avnuhnthnvnocchiucliphimtcngchiaqunbovchoh.lchaninviclmcngphnlclngNQun
nhn,bphnmthmnhnghiudngcaquniVitNamCngHa.
Trongsutmynmhindin,haitchcnychlmhailoicngtc:mcngphcdinhnhvonhngngylln,vtpcbnthaodin
hoctcxtivnngtrngHoaLhocvnchiThNgh.ChcvythinhnglcnocngcbNhucaonhlmtthnhquca
cucCchmngNhnvnhmgiiphngphn.Chiphcho"onqun"nychcchnldongnququcgiaith,vsvdngtrtrnca
n,lttnhin,chphignhchu.
iucbitltrongccbuithctptcxmcincangbNhulNgnhLThythamdththnoctacnglnhtthinx,v
thnochnitunsau,BThngTincachlichotrnhchiudungnhancacLThytrnkhpccmnnhchiubngcaThnh.Ti
khngtinrngchthamdnhngbuihunluynbacbakhngmLThylicthtrthnhthinx,nhngiunuccngkhngng
bunci.iubuncivllngltnhngsinhhotvchvhihcnhth,Bthngtincach(hnvphilmhilngngbCv
ngBcTngthng)chotrnhchiukhpnihnhnhkhimcncubitchcchnvrrngrngsaunhngbuitrnhdinnhth,c
LThyliihctrngmbngxeMercedesccnvhtng,vthnhthonglingaoduncngoichchngbaoginghnchuyn"st
cnhchiasnguyhimgianlaovichinstrnchintrng".
CngtngybNhuchtrngchuynbiudngcongicamnhthnhngtinnvthiknhkiucaLThytronglphc,tinLThythi
hngvotrngYKhoanningbCvnphilmplcvingKhoatrngctacthunhn,tinLThykhinhthngcontraiVit
Namclantruyntrongqunchngthvdnlmbo.Nhngtinnykhngbitxcthcnu,nhngsloantruyncaloitinny
nilnrtnhiucitnhcmqunchngivigianhhNg:tnhcmcngphnvkhinhbmtgianhnguqucgiamchnhththua
ngidndbnhthng.
Vquannimsailmvvicxydnguytnvquynlc,vxemthngcphphnvtruynthngocngPhngchonnnhngviclm
cabNhucngngycnglmchobbqunchngvchnhgiicmth.Khngphinhciohngc,cighbclavngclngche,cun
phimtrnhchiutrnmnnhhayccbidinvnynhnghuynthoammngitacthxydngcsknhtrngvcmphc,t
inshptcvthngmn.CngkhngphinhcithemduTngthng,nhtphunhn,Dnbiuquchi,haythlnhThanhN
197/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
inshptcvthngmn.CngkhngphinhcithemduTngthng,nhtphunhn,Dnbiuquchi,haythlnhThanhN
CngHamngitacthxydngcuytnvnimtin,tphtngnhngchtrngcamnh.Chnhvkhngbitnhth,chnhv
trchttbnchtngomnvhamdanhvng,risauvcnngniubinhnglitngbcnnhb,nnbNhutrthnhmtloic
phtrcmtnhndnVitNam,trthnhmtth"Rngci"(DragonLady)trcmtcnglunthgii.
Caitrctlynhntmlmu.NhtlcaitrchngCngSnthphilysthuphcnhntmlmqucsch,bNhuvcgianhhNgxem
thngquylutgiabonycalchscchmngVitnnbdntckhctlchuynsphixyra.
Ngoibatchcchnhtrnotrngrngnitrn,bNhucnthnhlpccknhivingipphngiconnhtronggilmvic.Cngnh
nhngchngtrnhkhc,chngtnhknhivincngivothtbivtothmmuthunviqunchngvtnhcchthiucnbncanvv
cicungcchhnhxcabNhu.
Trcht,VitNamcacuithpnin50chaphilmtncphttrinkinhtsungmnvndngmtkhinhnlckhnglnniphi
ngvinphnvolmcccsknghhaydchvthngmiticcth.TruynthnggianhVitNamvhoncnhxhiVitNam
cngkhuynkhchvchophpmtngimbnvicixa,dlirtxavlu,giconchongithncamnhhocbnnihocbnngoi
(trongcihthngkhngkhtcaigianhVitNam),chkhngbaogigiconchongil.Tnglmthgiconchohngxmquenthnch
cbaogitnhmutcamtphnngphnglibtonvvicgiconmrayrtsutcngyxacch.Tnhthkhngngmlli
cngsai,chonnccknhivincabNhubotrxyct,saunhngbuikhnhthnhquayphimno,trthnhvnhoangnhtrng,haykho
hngkhogocathnhphnucschannisuyspvthigianvsvdng.
Vkhnglymctiuphcvqunchnglchnhmchchunghnhthclmnhngvicmnhnidanh,chonncchngtrnhknhivin
chmnnglnmythngchothisnhcnhrisauivoqunlng.KiuohcdobNhuxngcnglmtvdinhnhca
quannimny.NghalcngbtnguntshodanhmkhngmxagnquannimthmmctnhoccatruynthngVitNam,vn
lysknolmntp,lysdudnglmscmnhquynrmxctnrrngnhtltrongnc,dchicokinhquanhiubinivn
gilicochevaichengc,vngoinc,otcnhiugiithngtrongcccucthitrnhdinthitrangqucttiNhtBn,TnGia
Ba,VngCcChonn"kiuobNhu",trmtvibtrongTrungngcaPhongTroPhNLini,mtscccgibnBar,cnthkhng
thyaimc.Chemphntychaykhngmckhngphichvmcnthbbnbxemlchytheo"modebNhu"vnchngphilmtlikhen
thng,mcnvtnhcchtrtrnthiuthmmcan.
TvicbinlHaiBTrngthnhramtlQucKhnhthnh,nvicxytngHaiBTrngcngtrngMLinhSiGnckhunmtging
mconmnh,nolutGianh,nvictchcPhNLini,ThanhNCngHa,PhNBnQunS,nvicthnhlpknhivin,n
vicxngkiuodihvaibNhuphnnhymttmhnTyphngnilonmbtnglcchmngtinb,hontonmt
bnchtdntcvsngcchbitvihinthccaquhng.
VtngHaiBTrng,tathychngnhngnhNgxcphmnhaivanhthlitnDnTcmcncaongomtcchvvnhanngy
phnnchotondn.
Do,sauny,ngy2111963khngphichsinhvinvthanhninchtcvhbbctnggimokoikhpSiGnhnhcmcon
NgnhNhunhtisnirmtchngsau,mthisngHvhcgiNguynHinLcngphilntingviclmphmthngcangi
nbmitThivTrungtnggil"thatrongdinhcLp".
TrongHik"iVitVnCaTi"(tr.200,201).HcgiNguynHinLtrongonphbnhththisngHvit:
198/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nhngtithchnhthaibithlut"TngAiuPhiTngBTrng"(trnboBtHoa,ngy141964):
I
TngaiuphitngbTrng
Tcunlngeokiullng
ngiliquangino
ChchimNamBcdngtungtng
Khuynhthnhmtycon,
iukhctayaikhocithng!
Chtvtngcaocngngnng
Cngygyctnganglng.
II
ymthnhxanhcncnon
Thayhaihnhmingthonvon
Mnhnilngxtlngeotht
Ngcxchingnngvntrn.
Tngnghinngangemvich
Haradudtmcngcon
DngsngBnNgh,dngsngHt
Luxluphngtingcn.
ChaibiucctvimngcahaimconnhNg.Haicplunhay:mtstnhNgvkiukhc:mtycon,tayaikhoci
thng(biI).HaitingdtduvicnhmconNgnhNhulcbvMhayu(biII).Haicuktcmxctrinmin.
Phongcchvhnhx,ngnngvtmtrng,hotngvchtrngcabNhulmtthpngnovcaongogiamttncangb
199/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Phongcchvhnhx,ngnngvtmtrng,hotngvchtrngcabNhulmtthpngnovcaongogiamttncangb
CngSnedavgiamtdntcchalnhvtauqukhthlibvtthngcahinti.Phphnvb,ngNguynThi,cuGimc
VitTnX,phithanlthiugcngtccpbchphilmcuchamtnginhangspmbNhulibyranhngtrhchoquyn
liringtvchothamnthamvngdngdanhlnhtcamnh!
TrongtrnghpcabNhu,quannimxhihc"honcnhtoraconngi"chngthontonng.BNhusinhtrngtrongmtgianh
trnggimngitronggianhchnitingPhpvinhau,mbmthgiaoduthnmtvihngthngluVit,Php,Nht,mmtbchc
chngdanhgithvncngkhaingoitnhvimtnginngngoiquc,mmtngiemtrai(TrnVnKhim)thngimchibi,vsau
1975quaM,niingitccham,nghalmtgianhTyhncTy.BNhulilmtnsinhtitcamttrngmHNi,ang
theohcgiaTrunghcthbngang(tiliucakgiStanleyKarnow)khilychngthlymtcumxutthntmtgianhphongkinquan
liu,lmcngchcngchPhp.Blicngkiucnglnghnhvchngblnhnbnhng14tui,mangmccmqunachngxunnnphi
htscnngniuchiuchungbkhimthnhphcgianh.th,gianhchngnh"thithtoanhhng",nmcquynlnho
qucgia,nngvchngblnthnhqucsvquphi(licangonThm),bcchikhuynhlottnc.cnnctmtgia
nhnhth,licquynhnhtuytitrongtayvolcthithlonly,chonntmhncabltmhncamtkcthvmuntndnguy
quyn,thlc,danhvngcamnhthamnnhngbnnngvnctmllunlunsptungn.Thtvy,cnhnbuisinhhotngy13
thngChpnm1957caQuchiththyr.KhitholunvlutGianh,DnbiuBiQuangtlyucublmsngtmtviiunhng
bkhngthmtntrngccnguyntctholunnghtrng,vmcdbcngchlmtDnbiunhnglilngingpongtngay:"Ti
khngnytrlingBiQuangt.Nhngiuluttrongdlutscquchitrli".Trongmtbuisinhhotkhc,ngy2751958,khi
Quchibplccaanhbvchngbbiuquytvthngquaolutxong,vicungcchvngnngcamtlnht,bNhutuynb:
TimunnhcnhchoccngDnbiubitrngcuccchmngchnhtr,xhi,kinhtcachngtahonthnhchtrongthigian3nm(sic).
lmtklcmchngtaphitho.Vthtiyucuccnghythathcclicngkchvlimscanhngkdtntninhnglibn
thu.1
Hnhngngomn,cchkhiukhch,ngnngtrchthngnhthmkhngnhngchchngbcangivkhuynkhchmchnhngDim
cngbnhvcchob,tiptaygythmphnuttrongqunchng.TheongonThmthTngthngDimthngni:"BNhuclmgum
thinhchaydmphanixub".
Ngoinhngthnhtchlylngnhngtchitrny,bNhucnaranhngolutmcunglVnphngBphTngthngvcckgi
ngoiqucgilnhngolut"khtting"bovlunl,bovthunphongmtc.Bthcgic,pbucQuchiphibiuquytgprt
olutchtrongvnghaitunl.lmtolutnhmtiuditcctoanxhitlubmgcvoxhita.Nidungcaolutny
khngphilhontonsaituycnhngiuquinnhcmtraigicmtaynhauingoing,cmngathaibngnhngbinphpkhngt
nhin(nhhngcagiolutVatican),cmthiscp,cmuvnicngcng,cmgvonhngdpTtv.vmbtcaiviphmsb
trngphtrtnngn.iungniltnhcchquytlitvthcbchcanthayingaylinhuhtnhngsinhhotthngthngcangi
dntchngngnnmnaymkhngcmtkhochchunbchuovtimtintrc.Nhtlolutkhngtnngvngiohanh
mtcchthcisamlittrngphtnhlphngphpchatr.Nghaldngbolcphptrchkhngphidnggiodcnhntr.
NhtlbolcvhthngphptrlicgiaochomtbmycngquynmtponCnLaoangthaotngthchgyralmdng
quynthhhipngidnmthi.
NhngolutvhiuvvdnglithtnhntmnhthmngianhchnglmTngthngvngichnglmCvnchnhtrchoTngthng
khngdmlntingngncn 2chonngiitrthcvqunchngSiGnchorngchnhnhngolutchngtoanxhinycabNhu
200/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"chlmnibtthmlncitcchocgicabtamthi"3.
VcitcchocgicabNhumitNguynChnhThi,TrungtVngVnng(hailnhtcacucochnhngy11111960)
migibtal"phndnhinc",l"imtrongdinhcLp",nhnglituynbcVVnHi,ChnhvnphngTngthngDim,xc
nhnkhirathngthovipheochnh.TiticrngVVnHichtnnthiumtmtnhnchngbitrnhiuchuynthmcungbsca
bNhu.TibitrngVVnHikchonhiungitrongdinhcLpnhbcsBiKinTnchnghn,bitvicbNhugiaoduthnmtvi
vinisntrongyHiQucTKimSotnhChinngaydivnphngcangNhu.HicngccxpnhcabNhutibitinv
tibbinNhaTrangvbbinHnChngchpvchngngiMGregoryvmtngiMbnthncabdodnchngNhaTranglnchp
cvgichoHi(mongbcsBiKinTnngvnhngngingngchnhtrhocvtnhcmmkhngnilnstht,vchnhbcstnglo
bunchoTngthngDimmikhinhnthynhngtmnhitryny.NubcsTnvmtldonomkhngmunlmsngtnhngs
kinlchstrnthxinchiCuHongBoihayngTrnVnnthbitrcioccabNhunhthno).isBaLan,ngManeli,
trongtcphmWarofTheVanquishedcngghinhndlunSiGnchorngbNhulmtthLucretiaBorgiangNam,clinhthnmtvi
isn.
VtronglcbNhuplcQuchithngquaoluttrongschhaxhinythmamaithaychochvaunthaychodntc,emtrai
cablngTrnVnKhimvnchibitrctngvlmtinccthnggia,emchnglngNgnhLuynmilntLunnvSiGnvn
mmruchnhcctuvintrongdinhcLpubit(xemhikTh)thchnhchngmnhlngNgnhNhuvnkhngnhnght
thucphinhngngymsaunycnlmgiunhbunbnthucphinna!
Nhnhnghotngnngphntrnhdinchnhtrmthiuhnnidungxhivkhngcnghincumtcchnghimtc,olutBoV
ThunPhongMTccabNhuchlmchoxhitmmticibngoixuxanhngbntrongthcctoanliphttrinmnhmhnv
tinhvihn.Cchnhthccbc,htsch,dmanktlithnhnhnghthngchtchvchmmnhiuaphngcncnhnvinchnh
quynthamd,cchnhthcmuadmvbndmkhngcncngkhainavbtuphttrinmtcchctchcv"thnglu"hn,cbit
nndunggiatngmtcchngsnningDimcngphiloutmn.
Thtth,dTngthnghhotrongschhaxhi,dbNhuaralutBoVLunL,cmnhymmnnmuadmbndmvntrn
ngp,chngclm1811959,haingnnamnthanhninbbttrongThnhvtimidm(xem"HaiMiNmQua"caonThmtrang
246).
Cuinm1960,trcsbnhtrngngngicanndungcpbc,TngthngDimchothnhlpmtHingLinbgiiquytt
trngny.HingLinbgmcccngNguynQuangTrnh(Giodc),HunhHuNgha(Laong),TrnChnhThnh(Thngtin),NguynS
(Tphp),TrnTrungDung(Qucphng)vbacquananninhltngNguynVnL(Cngan),LNguynPhu(Hinbinh)vti(Anninhqun
i)disiuhpcaBtrngNivlngLmLTrinh(huhtccvtrnyucmttihingoihinnay,trbangTrnTrungDung,
NguynS,TrnChnhThnh).Nhiukincaratholunvcuicnginktqusdngnhngbinphpmnh:lngbtvnht
(nhngkhngtruyt)thanhnindungvocclaox.Ticnnhtrongbuihplinb,ngTrnChnhThnhcmtliphtbiullng.
Trongphnphntchccnguynnhn,ngchorngsdcnnthanhnindungllitichnhquyn,litingiln,nungilngng
muththanhthiuninsnoitheo.Lc,tiqunhingtabitcphingmunmchbNhuvccthnhvintronggiatcNgnh
khng?
NhngdlutBoVLunLcabNhucthihnhviccbinphpvccphngtinchtidoHingLinbhtr,vdvisquan
tmcaTngthngDim,nndungvttrngxhimingymtgiatng(nningaysaungycchmng11163thnhcng,tngMai
HuXun,vitcchtrngSiGnChLn,phinghemmyngnthanhnindungxungtricitoThc,mtskhcchuyn
201/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
HuXun,vitcchtrngSiGnChLn,phinghemmyngnthanhnindungxungtricitoThc,mtskhcchuyn
votrungtmhunluynQuangTrung.Cnmtsthn100tndunghngnngthucloibtkhtrthbyraCno).Cngtmah
nm1963,lnutintronglchsgiodcncnh,ccthiTrunghcvTticmttchcembnchoccthsinhmuchotnn
titlvbunbnthikodichondithiThiu.
Nnmidmlnlt,nndunglnghnh,phongtrobunbnthilnhngtoanphtxutttnglpthanhthiuninmnguyndochyu
lvolutBoVThunPhongMTccabNhukhngiunghinkcng,vphnpdngkhngphhpvithctVitNamlcby
gi.Nhngmtldokhckhngkmphnquantrngnallmsaothanhthiunincthchungkhngphnkhng,khimngimra
olut,vnhngngC,ngCu,nhngonvincangCnLaolilnhngngiutindmntlnolut.
Thngbtminh,Htclon,clliumngTrnChnhThnhmunnitrongbuihplinbutin,buihpgiiquytnhngh
qutchicamtnginbcngtchikhngkm.
ngTrnVnL,ngitnglbnthnvngchcanhNg,chotibitrngnm1943,khingNgnhKhivngNgnhThci
HNicicTrnThLXunchongNhuthvonngHuHNiquxannhphingngxevnghlimtiHTnh,trongdinh
TunVcangL.Trongdpny,vsngLchcinnhaingKhivThcphitmsphntrnvingLnhsau:"Gianhchngtino
cmunrc"ngaci"vnhphhoigiaphong,hungchiCtingyxaviccngTrnVnThng,ThnTrngHuvnchnginhau
thlmsaocthktlmthnggiac.NhngvchNhuqumcongingTrnVnChngnnchngtinhphichukhtmmchiu
lngchy"(ghich:ngTrnVnThnglmtvTngc,ngnicabNhu,cnngThnTrngHungngoicabNhu,lmtThngth
NamtriucngthivicNgnhKh).CllcmicibNhu,gianhkhngannngDimclcnmcigttnvongibtanh
nhiungibit.
VitvbNhu,ngonThmcmtonphntchsuscnhsau:
"Khngnhngbyctinrngbphilmnukhngthchngailmmtsvicmbcoilticn:nhhuyngphnvocngvicchung.
Nhnghphnnn:thicablmhichnhschgithbddi,nhnnhngmmdothmayracngctintheophnno,trakhng
bghenghtlm.Nhngbniqumnh,cvcoithnghtminginndhnhngcuimgchngnacngkhngthingcchiu
cnglun.
Nguyndosuxanhtvchthcnhtcaniccmchungcasmuthungialisinhhotcabvnimthmthitvscpcanhiu
nginngncVit:ngipmmunkhevhchnathqulmkhngchuni.Nndphihaytri,nginbVitNammunsng
theo gng n b tin phong (avantgarde) uM, tt cha th c yn thn trn mt t nc m nhiu ngi cn gh s nhng V Hu v
nhngTHi"4.
L mt nh lut hc, l mt nh lm vn ha, li va l mt chng nhn ca thi i, ng onThm chng nhng ch ng Dim l quan liu
phongkin,bttibnhhon,chnglmquanNamtriu,chnglmTngthanhtra,ngcnlnnbNhulmtthTHi,VHu,thm
gingvncangvnrtlinhhotnhnhng.Phntivnlqunnhn,nnxinnithngrngnugianhhNgkhngrc"ngaci"hay"rng
ci"vnh,hocnubNhukhimcungchnhvkhngthamquynhodanhtrongthigianngDimcmquynthmayrangDimcnsng
stvonm1963hNgkhibdanhmuni.VticngtinrngnukhngcbNhukhuynhlottrongdinhcLp,khnglmNht
phunhnthclminNamVitNamkhngnnirilonanthngliddngchoMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.KhnnibNhulil
"munghithinh"nnthmhamixynchonhndnminNamnhbcsDngTnTimntingcichuachttrchonb
Nhu:
202/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nhu:
DitriuiNgnhDim,ngitactndnglituyntruyntrnhbymtgianhnhlngtiubiuchocmtdntc.Tuycsm
bocabinglut,chphtvngtrnbngsnenbnglongnhngnoaiducshgiquchnchng.Cngnhemmtngi
nbthiuchnhsngcaphnVitNamlnchcmunghithinhthcgmamaihn5.
NgoiranhiungingoiquccnlnnvchngNgnhNhumtcchquytlithn.ngmtquanimvinhngkgidanhtingnh
MalcolmBrownvSergliano,giosButtinger,ngibncangDimvitrng:
iviqunchngVitNamnichungvgiitrthcniringthnhngcgngkimsotnnolcngcngvcnhncadnchnglm
tngthmmtcchgaygtiumthvbNhuvnccoinhlngithiuchnh.TiminNamVitNam,vchngNhulhainhnvt
bdnchngonghtnht.KhngciugmvchngNhukhngdmlm:rnhrpcngsvin,btbmtcchconnhngngitnh
nghililp,vukhngvxuyntchtrngtrn.TtnhinkhmthulmcnhngbngchngthamnhngcavchngNhunhngaiai
cngbithbcltnhngstinvcngtolncathnggiaHoaKiuvVitNam,nhngkxinmnbixutnhpcng,xinuthucho
chnhph.Lmdngquynhnh,himiquynth,dcngvit,thamnhng,khinhmitthuccpvbtchpnhucucanhndn,nhNg
lmgngchoBtrng,Dnbiu,Tnglnh,Tnhtrng,XtrngnhngkmnhNgsdngnhcngc.ngvinhngviclmxu
xa,nhngtaysaicanhNgcngmualyskhinhbvacacquanthyvacacnhndn6.
mangbnchtconngihn,bmsinhlthnbLucretiaBorgia,smhthnmtnttthicnlhcsinhtrngtrunghcAlbert
SarrautnhkgiKarnowmtmsinhvinHThnhthibyginhiungibitr,thTrnThLXuntcNhtPhuNhnthiNht
CngHalmsaocthtrthnhnginbchnhc.
Thtth,saukhiNgtriublt,bNgnhNhusngimtsngphmthmvcntingoithnhphLaMnhngvnbrtnhiu
nhvn,nhbotntuikhngbungthachobcitidmlonvthamquynanvicspminNamvcichtcabaanhemNgnh.
NhngnhvnnhbocngkhngqunnhcnnhngthoncabNhumhocngianhTngthngcthnmv"mmingmc
quai",ngTngthngnhchongiemdutilithahlngquyn,thaotngchnhtnhvxhiminNam.
Diylnhngtiliumiraitihingoivitbinhngnhnchngvnhvntntui:
Cun"nhtphunhn"cahcgiHongTrngMin,tcgicun"Vnhctonth".
Cun"NhngbnlchsdichNgnhDim"cangLTrngVnvnlcvcangNgnhNhu.
Bibo"yngibitthmahcabNhutiLt"cliphphnchDimvbNhucahainhvnhclnlhcgiNguynHinL
vthisngH(tpchTiaSng,Houston,s26thng8nm1988).
Bibo"TrngnhCtvHNhChi"caTrungtngNguynChnhThi(tpch"nhSngDnTc"Fresnos1thng5nm1989).
(XinxemthmhaibibophnPhLc)
o0o
203/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
HotngcabNhucnnhiuloithtnhntmlmhichochvlmlichoCngSnvnctiptcvlnncaoimtrongchuyn
cngdugiicnhnbincPhtgiomtiscpsauny.BygixinnivngNgnhNhu,ngicxemnhlbccach,v
nukhngcngy11163thslkthakngnhinchcvTngthngcannNhtCngHa.
Quthttkhiquenbitngvonhngngyucathpnin40,chonthikngoaidanhttnhnhngnmuthpnin60,tichabao
giccscmmnvtnphcconngicangNhu.DclcngntnnginhnghonncatiticangBa(Hu)khen
tng,dtrongqutrnhhn20nmhotngvingDimcnhiudpchongvtichiasnhngthnhcngvthtbichungnhngcha
baogi,vkhngbaogi,ngNhutocnitimtntngttcamtcplnhohutihuc.BochdichDimvsaunymt
vitbohingoithucphnthoiNgtrongphongtrogilPhchngtinhthnNgnhDimchxng,huynthoihaconnging
Nhuvtvchongnhngkchthckhngbaogictht.Clvbitngqur,vbittthingcnlmtcngchccaPhp,nnti
khngbchcvvbngcpcangmhoctunhmtsngikhc.Dotithyningmtloi"chnhkhchxalng"rttiubiu:
khichacquynthvevnvnngutranhchpv,khinngtheosthnhcngavcangianhmbcvonmquynhnhthcng
litiptccikthutmnscngikhccngcscmnhmnhphmilclngilp.lloichnhtrvndngthiucbnv
thiuchiusutnhchuynludi,chtngNhu,tikhngthyngthnhcngtrongvicxydngmtchlcchochnhmnhlmrng
ctchoch,vtinhnhcuccchmngxhicnthitchominNamlcbygi.Tithyrrngtritlutranhcangltmcchhy
ditchmkhngttrngtmvovicxydngscmnhcatatrongkhinglphitinhnhchainhimvmtcchsonghnh.
ChonnngnhMbovchngPhpmnmchnhquyn,riliphnMhptcviPhp,vcuicngvonm1963,nhPhp
thngthoviCngSnHNi.Trongncthngthngtaynpthtiuilp,cncigilchlcngCnLaoCngGiothchkhaisinh
chocrihocvbtti,hocvkhngcchnnchontrthnhmtthquivtxngchungcnphcnhndnlnch.
ChnghaNhnV,ngCnLaovHinPhpVNCHcxemnhlnhngtcphmchnhyucangthnhticptrongnhngchng
trc,chlnhngsnphmtrthcbnhhon,chpvtnhiulthuytTyphngkhcnhauvtnhiutinllchskhcnhau.Sdcs
chpvchnhtrutrlvngNhuquannimcncmtthchcti,mtchtrngcaitrcti,vtptrungquynlcvomtgiaicp
lnhoctntrclchngCngvsaulchotntuicadnghNgnhvobngvngbiacalchs.
Nhngtcbn,chtrngchngCngvxydngtncbngcti(nhtlctikiuThinChagioTrungC)vctn(loictn
qunchphongkin)lnhngquannimchinlcsailmlniuvichintranhnhndncaCngSnvitmsymtrciu
kincanhngncTyphnglydnchtdolmnguynlchoqucgia.Quantrnghnc,ctnvctilingcvixuththi
ivcvngcadntasauctrmnmdingoithuc.Dntcxthnvtnchnmtthkkhngphicuicnglichuivochuk
nlentic.
Vvy,batcphmcangNhuvakhngnhtqungianidungvhnhthc,vakhnghiudngtrongthct,vvagytchichosinh
lcqucgia.Chonndntcdngdckhctvcuicngquytlittrngpht.TntuicadnghNgnhcivolchsthtnhng
ibngngsauvcghitiptheovodanhschcanhngphnthn,bochaLLongnh,TrnchTc,Khinh,v.v
Cchnhquyntrongtay,cngCngGioCnLaolmchlc,cHinphpvQucHilmmtthchiubibom,cMvVaticanym
trlicCngSnHNibinminhchohnhng,choncnhchmtincaqucgiabochacholilm,thmngNhulmc
gchoquhngtnctrongsut9nmcmquyn,hayngcli,tiuditscmnhcadntcvchnhnghacaqucgiaymin
Namnnhanhhnvgnhnbvcthmcangy30thng4nm1975?TixinlymtscngtccovcnhmsgiahoiNgt
hophntchvgitrchthccangNhu.
204/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChmtthigianngnsaukhingDimlmTngthng,ngNhubtutchcnhnglclngngoivictnhqunchngymtrchochnh
quyn.ylmtcngthccinvutranhcccngCngSnNgavngQucXcthitkiungvlnhoqun
chng.bomshiudngcacngthcny,iukintinquytlcctchcnyphidomtbphncangchlc(haylngcm
quyn)bmtphtngvkimsotmickhnngtocschtrngritrnmitnglpqunchng,vnkhicnthitcthphtkhi
nhngcaotronhndn.
HaitchcLinonCngChcCchMngQucGiavThanhNinCngHadongNhumangnngau,tuycgngbtchcmthc
ny,nhngvquthkchvvngvnntrthnhtrhchnhtrchoqunchngvgnhnngtichnhchoqucgia.Thtvy,trchtlvmt
cnccchnhtrcacctchcny,aicngbitlcachnhquynchkhngdonhndntpht,vngCnLaocangNhuchcgiao
chonhimvkhngbtranhotquynlithayvtinhnhnhngtchccnbntrongnhndn.Vlcachnhquynchkhngphica
ngthciyutthhailbmtiungvkimsotcngkhngcnna.Lliunctrongcidanhxngcatchcl"CngChcCch
Mng"nntrngimthhaicatchclnidungchnhtrcancngtrthnhrngtuch.TahynghengVPhin,mtnhvndntcph
phnnhsau:
Thtlllng:Cngchcvcchmnglhaithiccmuthun,mtbnthchpnhncimnhtheoklut,mtbnthmunphtungnhngcu
thc,nhngcick.Nhththlmsaocngchcvicchmngcthiivinhaucmlithnhlp"LinonCngChcCchMng
QucGia"7.
CngvylclngThanhNinCngHamcplnhottrungngntncccstnhquntonlngicachnhquyn,hocllng
thnchnh,khngthuhtcthnhphnthanhnintrcnhittmvctinhthncnghavinhngcvnghinthnchotdovdnch
thts.Chonn,bntrongnhngbngphcxanhcanhngcngchc"smvcitivcv",takhngtmcnhngngnlabngbng
lngyunccatuitrVitNamtrungngngingngihc,tcngtrngxngthnnirngxanh.Ngclitachtmthy
rtnhiuvginuathli,ntcamchuphctngcanhngngimangthnphnlmchohtchuynquangy.
iuththmlbccachlitrtnhiukvngvtintngvonhngbphnutranhnhthbovchCngHavxydng
CchMngNhnV:
NhngngNhutinvtinthtvonhngbngphcmuxanh.Blikhngcphplbinngchshayngithkthnhmt
phntutranh.Btmcthmc,xphngthxphng,gitaythgitay.Ngityphicativacirvathayvatmtmxinphp"i
thanhnin",rimtlcsauvlitrtvthanhnin,liagiyvmcachokhch,htthucvcbo:anhtacngchngbitmnhcchmng
chno.NhngcvnNgnhNhu,hcgikimchnhtrgia,tvhilngvsthnhcngcamnhkhingnhndinhnhhngngnb
xanh.Tchccangcgipcchtnochochcngvnghaykhng?8.
Xutphttchnhquyn,mctiuchnhtrlbovch,itngktnplthnhphnngoanngonphctng,chonnhotngcacct
chcngoivinykhngcngkhchnlidinhnh,ihoanho,mkhngcmtxctnchnhtrnovnnCngHavvcuccch
mng.MkhngccnglphivnnCngHamhanguoixydngcphilnnCngHachnthcucuccchmngmlnht
cahangchxngcphilmtcuccchmngvhvchohu.
Cngvvymngy15thng8nm1963,khivTngthlnhNgnhNhukugionvinThanhNinCngHa"lmrngtchnhsch"bng
cchphnngquytlitvilclngsinhvinvPhtttrongbincnpPhtgiothiasonvinchngnhngkhngcphnng
ghtmcnrngngvphalclngbnpangutranh.Phiichonngy1111963,khitingsngcchmngptinggi
205/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ghtmcnrngngvphalclngbnpangutranh.Phiichonngy1111963,khitingsngcchmngptinggi
canhndnnln,nmnhvodinhGiaLongthngithanhningil"ThanhNinCngHa"mihnhxthcsmtcchCngHakhih
dngdckhctlikucukhncpcangTnggimcThanhninCaoXunVvTrungtTrnVnPhc,thlnhThanhNinCngHa
Thnh,angnuiovngtchcmtlclngphnochnh.Thtvy,yutnhcamtnnCngHalgnukhngphildnch,l
quynlmchtnccangidnquaccnhchdnc.Trongbngphcmuxanhtmynmqua,hchlmtbphntitchc
ngynoctdochnla,tdonilncnguyncamnhu!Vngy11163chohchidngdcnilntingniphnnhc
nguyncah.Chonnchnhtrongngylchshmithtscngvithanhnincnctrthnhnhngthanhnincnghatrnchai
mttmthclnhnhng.
SthtbitrongvictchcLinonCngChcCchMngQucGiavlclngThanhNinCngHa,haicnhtaynidicach,i
voqunchngdovcvnTngthngtchcviuhnh,nilnrtkinthcvkhnngcangNhuvmtutranhchnhtr.l
cikinthcvkhnnglmnhngcngtcbiudngbnngoimkhngcmtthcchtsuscbntrong.Mngaycnhimvbiudng
cngmangtnhchthihcchkhngctcdngnoivinhndnVitNam,ivingminhHoaK,vnhtlivikthCngSn
HNinukhngmunnilcphntcdngnguyhichochnhchvy.
lnivsthtbicahaitchcchucach.Cnthcsikhngvikthtrnmttrnqunschnhtr,ngNgnhNhu
chthniukhinvicthchinchngtrnhpChinLc,mtchngtrnhcnnglnhngqucsch.
Nichong,quannimchinlcnhmthitknhngnvhnhchnhcvtrangtithnqutbovvchunluynchnhtrt
anvonhauthnhmthngrovaphngngvatncnglsngkincangRobertThompson,mtchuynvinchngdukchngiAnh.
SngkinnycthchinhuhiutiMLaivchnngcngnhtiuditqunphinlonMCng,chonnchnhquynKennedy
xemnhmtschlcquantrngkhdcthcngphcloichintranhdukchcaCngSntichintrngVitNam.
Vcngnichothtngth"pChinLc"khngphilmtphtminhmimllnggivinhndnVitNam.Trongqutrnhdngncv
ginccadntcta,nhndnvtriunhcanctabitrolng,lpontuncanh,csythclngxiphvigiccp,vi
qunxmlngvvicshkhccathinnhinna.Lytregaigcvrmrplnhngchinlythintovngchc,ontuncanhsing
nnglnhngcnbqunsminhmnvnhittnhhilng,lnh,tthnlnhngsinhhotvnhachnhtrnuidngthcvkh
nngkhngcaxmlngVitNam.TrongcucchinPhpVit(19451954),VitMinhthitlptiBcVitnhnglngchinuchnng
nhngchindchcnqutcaqunicgiiPhpvnhiukhigytnthtnngnchoonqunthcdnvinchinh.DichvuaBoi,
ccThhinPhanVnGiovTrnVnLcngxydngmththngphngthtiminTrungbngcclngHngVbomanninh
chovngnngthnTrungVit.
ChonnnirngngNhul"cha"cachnhschpChinLcnhbmytuyntruyncachvnthngrurao,lmtsbpbmutr
vytrophng.Ngaycchnhschny,lccHoaKngh,cngtngbngNhukchkchlit9.Michonkhitnhhnhanninhti
nngthntrnntithnvnhtlkhiHoaKchuthokhonmtngnqulnlao,ngNhumichpthunthchinchnhschnyvthm
vomtmnim"tamtc,tamgic"choqucschpChinLccvcmttritlchnhtrring,tramnhcngcmtlthuytchng
lichintranhnhndncaCngSn.
VimtchthuytcholaicngnaMnaVitnhth,chonnkhibinthnhhnhngcthivothctVitNam,"qucsch"pchin
lctrthnhmtmihachonhndn,vtrthnh(mtlnna)nhcimlncachchokthkhaithcnhph.
Haiyutlnlmthuichtqucschny,nhthngl,vnlthnht,cchquannnglthuytcangNgnhNhu,vthhailbmy
206/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Haiyutlnlmthuichtqucschny,nhthngl,vnlthnht,cchquannnglthuytcangNgnhNhu,vthhailbmy
nhnsthchinqucschnylichunghnhthc,thamlilcvannhhtvnlctnhchucaCnLaoCngGio.
Trcht,trnmtalnhnvn,rungngminNamrngmnhmng,cbaythngcnhnngiackhngquntlithnhthnxmkhng
khtnhnngthnminBc,doitnhnynnhnnhiukhicchxabnnmcys,haibaconknh.taiminNamliphnhiumu
mnnngidnlmnthth,tmhnphngkhongvtnhtnhbctrchghtscuthctrnchaimttmllnvtl,hthchsng
phngkhongtrongcnhtricaotrngpvmtxtheogingvngclnbngxungtrmVvytptrunghtrongmtpxaxic
ro,cho,ccmchng,cvnggclmtiuphntml,likimsotgtgaogiyt,kimsotthigivhotngnngtccahth
quthtlthtnhntm.Hunggbthribnichnrauctrn,mmchang,khungcnhquenthucmhlnlnthkhngkhcgtc
otmtciphnhnqugicah.
th,mcd"chngtrnhpChinLc"cmtngnqudidodongnschvintrMith,chnhquynaphngvnbucdnchng
phigpnpvtliunhtranhtre,myna,phinggpmyngycngmtthngptcmchngmkhngctrmtchttinnhno
c.ngNgnhNhulihlnhchothuccpphihuyngtiatilccaqunchngnngthntchocchtiulthuytvlmp
nhngconsthngkcathnhtchchnhph,nnccTnhtrng,Quntrnglicchichnhthcvhpphplmgiutrnniut
hncangbo.
Htchcccdchvbunbn,cccslmn,ccngdykimsotvvttinbccanhngnngdnbxungcngvocngtc"p
chinlc".inhnhlQunThi,quntrngquninBnvcnglmtcnbCnLaoCngGionitinghungthntitnhQungNam
(QunThihinsngtiHoaK).Ylmch5lgchgntnhlQungNamnnbtdnchngnlmvickhngcngtilgchtrongkhun
khxydngpchinlc.Sgchsnxutracyembnlichochnhquynvigicaochiasvicptrnhuycthtiptcdchv
bobny.
Vriccpchinlccngcxyxongtrnscngphncangbo,vrinngdncngphiciunghnngotbnginhthnthit
dnvocngtrongvngrokmgai.thaicachngtrnhlchnhtrhavvtrangccnvhnhchnhmongnbinthnh
nhngphoichngdukchVitCng.Tuynhinvbcthnhtpvobnthbcthhaichlmlnsuthmssalycacchnh
sch.CnbginghunchnhtrthkhngcghnngoinhngluniuchngCnghmhthiuichiuvinhngthctkhchquan,v
nhnghahnxytrngxybnhxmkhngbaogicthy,cthuc.Hnnatcphongchnhquyncahchlmchohxacchqun
chngangmthmsosnhvitcphongcanhngcnbCngSnnmvnggngmulchanintrongsut10nmkhngPhp,
qunchngnngthnNambkhngthiugbconquynthucthamgiakhngchin,bygibthphilnnanhem,vchng,chaconl
"CngSnkhtmucn"thlmsaohtinc,htheoc.
Nhngbihcchnhtr,nhngluniutuyntruynnucphnnothuytphccqunchngtsnththlitrnnvhiuquvphn
tuyntruyntrctmhnbnhdvnhnsinhquanmcmcchnhtrccaqunchngnngthn.Vvytrnmttmlchin,"qucschp
ChinLc"thtbingayttronglngdnrichonn"mikhiVitCngntncng(pchinlc),chngcngminhngaytrongp"10.
nkhochvtrangchopthlicngquidvnhontonphnliminguyntcsngnhtcakhoahcchintranhvquylutvanninh
phngng.Xydngmtcngsphngthcnhmlikhngtrangbyhalcbovn:Haitiuiaphngquntrongpvi
sngcarbinelithivmttlunloinmtaythlmsaocmcludivichinthutlynhiunhtcaVitCngcthiquncu
vin.th,vtrccpkhngcthitktheotiuchunbphngtrnacthphitrcungnhaumcnphitythucvocciu
kincanhtc,chonnchinthutcngnvincaVitCngmtthickhaithctiavvncnhiudng.Cngnhchinthuttrc
thngvn,haythitvnM113,chsaumtthigianiunghinvthmd,hthngpChinLctrthnhnhngconmingonchoVitCng
207/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thngvn,haythitvnM113,chsaumtthigianiunghinvthmd,hthngpChinLctrthnhnhngconmingonchoVitCng
trnchaiphngdintuyntruyndnvncngnhtiuhaolclngquniqucgia.
NguytsanThcTnhs42nm1980xutbntiLosAngeles,HoaK(domtvincuQuntrngqunngXun,tnhPhYnlmchnhim)
cngcngnhnchngtrnhpchinlclmtthtbichinlcnngncachnhphDim,nhngliquylichocnbhtngmkhng
phphnnhngsailmvnghnglnhovkhochthittrcangNgnhNhu.TronglcthngRufusPhillip,cvnctrchv
pChinLc,lixcquytrng"chngtrnhpChinLchontonthtbitivngchuthsngMKngmchyulvlnhosai,k
hochkm"11.
Chsngvbitrngnhngconsthngkvnhngbocomtai,(minhnhlvicbanthngcnguchoTrungtKhnh,ngiThin
ChagioPhCamHu,honthnhvtchtiucngtcxydngpChinLctiNinhThunnhtiktrongmtchngtrc),ng
NgnhNhurrngchlmtnhcaitrkhngctrvkhngctinhnglicrtnhiungomnvrtnhiuconm"ttcnhnchng
uchothymusNgnhNhusngbitlptrongthpng,xarithctnngthnmcinhninhrngchngtrnhpChinLclmt
thnhcnglnvnhngsquannnhht,nhngcngchckhipnhchngthngbocochongtanhth"12.NgaycisBaLanManeli
cngchbaivicthchinchngtrnhpChinLccangNhu.
GeorgesChaffard,saukhichtrchNgnhNhulnhctithitlpchngtrnhpChinLclmchodnchngcmthch,cncho
bittrongmtchuynthamquanccpChinLcdochnhphtchcchomtsisngoiquctiSiGndoGiosBuHihngdn,
isBaLan,ngMieczyslawManeli
...dngvaithscchungcahngrochechpChinLcriquayliphamtvinchcVitNammhi:"Nhthmngtintngc
th chn ng c Vit Cng hay sao?". Bng tay khng, Maneli nh mt ci cc ri nm vo chn ngi cng chc chnh ph ang ngn ng.
(Maneliprouvedelpaulelasoliditdelapalissadeprotgeantunhameau,puissetournantversleresponsibleVietnamien:"Estceaveccelque
vouscroyezarrterlesVietcongs?"Apleinemain,ilarracheunpieuetlejetteauxpiedsdufonctionnairemdus).LesDeuxGuerresduVietnam,tr.
296297.
CuTnhtrngNguynTrn,mttnThinChagio,livnlbconcanhNg,cngkttirtnngnchnhsch"pChinLc"
trongcunhik"CngvTi"cangta:
Bdnchngchngimnhkhpni,TngthngngngviclmccKhuTrmtsaukhilpxong26khuthaythbngchnhschp
ChinLc.Dnchngtrntonqucbbtbucphinptrevidncngxyhngroxungquanhpvohobnngoikhngcho
CngSntuyntruynchodnvdnkhitiptchoCngSn.
TiminTrung,theotiliuchnhthc,NgnhCnbtdnchnggpmingit1000ngti1500ngmuatre,kmgaividncngt
10ti15ngylmhngro,oho,gingkmgai.
TiminNam,vi80%xthnbCngSnkimsot,ccQuntrngphimnhngcuchnhqunbtdnphcdchvvconphiem
cmncchoh.
Chnhschhontonthtbitrnnguyntccngnhtrnthct.Trnnguyntc,khngccchnophnbitgiangidnthngvi
CngSn.GomdnvobntrongpChinLctclgomccnbCngSnvovihvmitrnghotngcaCngSnldn.Chng
khngtuyntruynCngSncngkhai,mkhaithcscngphncadnchngchngKhuTrmtvpChinLcbtdnchngphiphc
208/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khngtuyntruynCngSncngkhai,mkhaithcscngphncadnchngchngKhuTrmtvpChinLcbtdnchngphiphc
dchkhnkh.
CngbchdnchngphhoimamnglpKhuTrmtvitnhnngnyphilcaTngthngDimnhtrnghptnhCnThchlm
chodnchngthghtngnhthmtTnThyHong.("CngvTi",tr.332333).
ngNguynTrncnvitthm:
Sch"ADeathinNovember"caTinsEllenHammervitythincmviTngthngDimnhsaunytistnhby,tngthutrngmt
ngy Xun 1963, ba y vin trong y Hi Kim Sot nh Chin l Gordon Cox ngi Gia N i, Ramchundur Goburdhum, ngi n v
MieczyslawManeli,ngiBaLan,iviisBuHithmmtpChinLcCaoNguyn.
Maneliitrnunhncccyhngrocap,lytaylcxemcchckhng."Khngcchclm!"Manelivacivani,"thngconnhcati
Warsawcthxng.Chnhphcchctinsdnghngronyngncndukchkhng?"("CngvTi",sd,tr.333334).
TonbchngtrnhpChinLcchlmtnhaocngququcgiavtothmgnhnngchoqunimhaimctiuchnhvnhonton
khngtc:mctiubovanninhvbidngchnhtrchodnthchlmchodnthmloubtmnmctiuclpcnbCngSnra
khidnthchlmchocnbVitCnglenlivocsngtrongpddnglmnituynvchvn(sauny,dithiNguynVnThiu,
phinhncmtchindchPhngHongdongiMiukhinmiphnnophthinvtiuditcsxmnhpqusunycacnb
VitCngtinngthntthiDim).
Lyhaithtbicacngtcxydnglclngqunchngngoivi(LinonCngChcCchMngQucGiavLcLngThanhNinCng
Ha)vqucschpChinLcphntch,tichmunnhlichonggitrcangNgnhNhu.Haicngtctiubiuchochcnng
vkhnngcamtnhlnhotronggiaionnglphivnlncatnc.Nhngvkhnngththpkmmvntcaoti,chc
nngthkhngnmvngmvnhnghchcquyn,nntacthktlunrngchnhsthtbicangNhusoilngcinnmngscmnh
caqucgiavdntc,sauny,nhngchtiptheocxydngcgthcngspmthi.
Chngtrnhpchinlclmkhdnnhth,lmlichoCngSnnhth,thmsaukhiltchDim,Tnglnhchophhylyli
lngdnlibCnLaoCngGiokttilphhoi,gipVitCngphttrin.
o0o
Trnmtingoivonhngnmucach,nhcbotrbicydngoigiaocaHoaKnnnhimvcachnhquynchcnl
khaidngnhnglinhttpviccqucgiatrongvngnhhngcaMtipnhnccvintrphttrinmthi.Nhngngvmtan
ninhqucgiathscanthipdtkhotcaMtiminNamVitNamlmtbomvngchcchossngcnvlnmnhcaqucgia.
NhngsvngchcchmdtkhithlinktchinlcvihaiqucgiatrongbnongDnglLovCaoMinbvmnguynnhn
suxa(mtlnna)lilsyukmthcchnhtrvtnhngomncaanhemhNg.
NguynngNorodomSihanouk,QuctrngCaoMin,vnlmtnhnvthothng,quynbin,nhiuthonvkhngthnthinviVitNam
v nhng mu thun lch s trong qu kh gia hai nc, nhng lp trng cn bn ca ng Sihanouk vn l lp trng chng Cng v thnTy
phng.
NgaysaukhiHipcGenve1954thnhhnh,ngSihanoukvnthngihisailibingiiMinVitdnhlimtstaimccVua
209/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NgaysaukhiHipcGenve1954thnhhnh,ngSihanoukvnthngihisailibingiiMinVitdnhlimtstaimccVua
nhNguynchimotcaCaoMin.ngSihanoukthngchoquniquyphvngbingiinnnm1956,ngNhuphisangPhnom
PenhvingthmthnhungSihanoukmonggiiha.
HaibnthathunsthitlpmtmigiaohottpgiahaincvmcnhincngnhnthacDupr,dovTngcPhptiNamKv
MinhongNorodomknm1873vbingiiVitMin.CaoMinkhngthanhnchnhquynBcVitnnkhngcquanhngoigiaoviH
NivtntrnghipcGenve1954,CaoMinchthitlpbanggiaoviVitNamCngHacpbccsmthi(ministreplnipotentiaire).
NusaunhngthathunngoigiaomchDimbitkhaithcmigiaohoxydngmtthlinminhchnhtrquns"mihrng
lnh" vi Cao Min, hoc ngay c nu bit dng nhng th on phi ngoi giao (nh mua chuc) duy tr mi thn hu vi c nhn ng hong
SihanoukthclminNamsaunykhngiungvccmtkhuvenbincaVitCng.
Nhngvkhngcctmnhnchinlcludi,khngcthccthcsmuthuntrmtrngctnhlchscahaidntc,licaongo
xemthngCaoMintrongcungcchcamtiqucphongkin,nnanhemngDimlmchongSihanouktrthnhkthcach,v
t,cacminNamVitNam.
KhnghongngoigiaobtudoquytnhcangNhucvingDimchongNgTrngHiulmiscaVitNamCngHatiCao
Min.Ngaysaukhitrnhynhimth,vtnisbntrnhtrngnchimbinthTrngMinhGinglvithnnhNguyntngmang
qunsangtnchimvhCaoMinbngbntaysttrongsutbynm,t1835n184113.
Dchohnhngcphtxuttlngknhtrngtinnhnthcs(?)haytngudtvlchsinathcngkhngthbinminhcchos
vngvngoigiaovnhngthithichinlcsauny.Trnhdinchuynchimbinthtinnhnmlmnguyhitqucthtrnhdinlmg,
hunghnuquthtcyuncthvicchimbivncthlmmthmmkhngcaihaybit.Chnhhnhngphnngoigiaoutin
nycangNgTrngHiulmchongSihanoukbtmnvichnhphSiGnvdnchngCaoMintngthmccmvidntcta.
Mythngsau,khingSihanoukplimicachnhphSiGnquathmvingthnhuVitNam,trongbuihikintidinhcLp,ng
Dimlicthitrnhthngtrongcchix,vtvlnhlngvingSihanouklmchmtivHongtnhiuthamvngny.Lnguynth
camtvngqucmthquynvgioquynnhhnhvibng,ngSihanoukctondnCaoMinngngmvknhtrngnhmtv
Thn, th m li b ngi ln bang khinh thng, chng trch sau ny ng Sihanouk xung tay h c th Vit Nam Cng Ha bng cch dung
dngchoVitCnglpmtkhuanton.
CHongVnCh,trongtcphm"DuyVnSQuan"(tr.96),cngphphnnngnthtbingoigiaonhsau:
Cmtcuhicncnuln:TisaongDimlihchiviSihanouk,trongkhingDimchlmtcuquanlivSihanouklmtcuquc
vng?Xinthaltichaildo:
ngDimlquanli,xutthntrongmtgianhbailmquan,mquanlithngtcoimnhl"dnchiphmu",thngcthihchdch
ivibtcai.Vbitnhvynnnm1945,NhtkhngdmcnglmThtng,mcdungroritvnng.
Hailngcmccmttn,khinhmitttcnhngchngtckhc,kcngiMinvnhngthiustrongncvhkhngcvnhaHn
tc,khngphilconchungThnNngbntu.
210/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Mangcibnh"mchvnhn"ttrongbncht,ngDimtuygilmnNhohcmvnkhngnhchtrngcaKhngMinhnghaTn
QuynBcphtToTho.clischxa,tathyktitrnhKhngMinhmvnphinhnkciemcaTnQuynchoLuBcu
hamongctmynphngnghuiphviphngBc.CnngNhuxutthntTyhcmkhnghccbihccatngDe
Gaulle,caNhthongHirohito.TngthngDeGaulle,vanhhngcuquccaPhp,saukhitrlichnhquynvonm1958bittiquc
gia,ticnhnquamtbn,chthnsangcbttayhahiuviklnggingcuthvngbitsnhnnhngclichoquhng
dntcng.CngnhNhthongHirohitokhituynbuhngngMinhvothng8nm1945,thngthitkuginhndnhyvtnglai
xsmicmhnthnhnhnnhc,ctmnnhndigtgiystcakchinthnglMacArthurmthmxydngtnc.
Tchomnhlkmnhncln,anhemngDimkhinhbcvQuctrngCaoMinmkhngnhchuynngngnutrvconchutnhtc
thcucmngsngchasnlmsali,chuynconkincthlmaunchvoikhngl.
Tngthngvisthvngvtrongvicgiaot,ngNhulicnnuidng,gipnhngkthcangSihanouklSamSaryvSnNgc
Thnhtrongmmultchnhphngnhim.SamSaryvSnNgcThnhlhainhnvtkhngcuytn,khngcthclc,likhngckh
nngutranhchnhtr,thmngNhulimqungtintngvohainhnvtnnnhuttnhkludi.ngNhutintngnnt
xutqumtymtrmkhngiunghinklng,khngckhochkhoahc,khngcnhnsgiithihnhnnchngbaoluSamSaryb
ngSihanoukbtvthmst,cnSnNgcThnhthsngvnggitiSiGn,khnggyctingvangno.
SyukmcangNhuvkhnngphntchchnhtrcngnhvkhnngtchckhngnhnglmphphmngnququcgiamtrnmt
chnhtrquctcngythmmtkngllbnthlitrthnhththinthu.
Thtth,vocuinm1964,nhntngNguynKhnhlcbygilThtngchnhphchnhtiiThiLanquansttchckhngchin
chngngSihanoukcaSnNgcThnh,ticbitruytnvthclccaSnNgcThnhivingSihanoukchnhtrngchivi,
khngcmttrinvngnolmchongSihanoukphiquantmnhlchschngminh.SyukmcaSnNgcThnhcngnibtkhingta
lmThtngmythngdichLonNol.
TiBangkok,trongccdptholunviThtngThiLanThanonKiitikachon,cngnhtrongccbuihpvicquanTnhboTrungngThi,
tirtthtvngkhichnhphThichobitrngSnNgcThnhchngcthclcg.LclngvtrangcaSnNgcThnhchgmhaitrung
ingtrnmtvngtantonbingiiThiMinvhotngchgmvicgipcnhstThitrongcccngtcbinphng.
Sau,SnNgcThnhmitinthmBthammucangta.lmtnginhcvntcrmrpngoiBangkok,mlctinthc
sunhnvinanglmvicbpncvsinh.Khovkhckhongmikhusngc,vcctiliutnhbovhnhqunthkhngcgngoi
mtbnngDngtreotrntngvmtradionh.HchinthoilinlcvigiichctnhboThimkhngcmytruyntinvinlin
linlcviccnvhnhqun,khngccxeckhicncthdichuyn.
SnNgcThnhchobitlTngHnhDinhcangta,nimNgnhNhulinlcymtrmongnhbiquniCaoMin,lt
Sihanouk!
Tuynhin,vSnNgcThnhvSamSary,dtnhaotinbcvthigirtnhiu,vnchaphilthtbilnnhtcangNhuv,nhtini,
hailclngnyquyukm,ngSihanoukkhngbntmlm.Thtbilnnhtcnglimchngtsbtti,bttrnhtcangNhutrong
mttrnngoigiaoMinVitlvpChun,vannhngvtondintronglinhMinVitmuchonhngthnglichnhtr
caCngSnHNitiqucgiachinlcny.
211/611
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Nm1959,pChunlTnhtrngtnhSiemReap,caitrtnhnynhmtlnhchaqunphitckhuynhhngchnhtrcchuvctham
vngltngSihanouk.TuybitrvnhngmmunynhngngSihanoukchacchithanhtonknithvchacchngcc
th.Chbitnhthmchachuiunghinkcng,ngNhulinlcvtngmttrmkvngnhpChunltngSihanouk.Nhng
bao nhiu m mu ca Vit Nam Cng Ha v p Chun u b ng Sihanouk theo di cht ch cho nn khi p Chun khi s o chnh, ng
SihanoukbnemquntncngSiemReap,btvxbnpChuntich,haisquantruyntinVNCHcngNhubmtphinlmvic
chopChunlinlcviSiGnubxt.Sau,ngSihanoukbnhpbochqucttrngbybngclnnVNCHvM,mcd
HoaK,theohikcacuGimcCIAWilliamColby,khuynngNhukhngnnchnhngphiulunguyhimiviCaoMin.
CngcnnithmrngtrckhixyravpChun,HNivBcKinhchacidinngoigiaotiCaoMintronglcVNCHcTais.
NhngsauvochnhhtnycapChun,isNgTrngHiubtrcxutv,tuyhaiqucgiachahontonongiaonhnghaitai
sPhnomPenhvSiGnphingnghotng,tochithuntinchocnbtnhbovdnvncaVitCngxmnhpvkimsot
cngngVitkiungotixChaThp.Vcngt,ngSihanoukbtuchnhthccnhnglinhthnhuviHNivBcKinhm
ktqucthutinlmcchoVitCnglpkhuhucnantontrntMin,vlytMinlmbnptncngVNCH,tochoqun
iVNCHmtmttrngaygotvngBaBinGiintnHTin.
Trongbincny,cbaldothtbirtutrmngNhuvcngsvinvchquan,mqungnnkhngchunghincuvnhgingn.
Thnhtltrnmttngquanlclngquns,pChunnphngchquanphnlonmkhngtothlinktviccnvquni
thucccbinhchngkhcvcctnhkhcLmtphntqunphitcchu,pChunchnghngiiphpochnhqunsmkhng
mxankhacnhchnhtrquantrngcan,vngayctrnmtthuntyqunsnythmtlclngcatnhSiemReaplmsaocth
ngucvilclngcathPhnomPenhchngnincacnc.Lclngphnlonchaxutphtrakhitnhbtiudit
ngaylvth.
ThhailtrnmtanninhvtnhbomthivlptrngcapChuntlubinngtathnhmtitngbtheodivcanhchng
chtchbicquanTnhboTrungngCaoMin.lchaninCaoMinvnlmttrongnhngngtginipquctvinhngmng
litnhbodyccaNgaSvTrungCng,PhpvBcVitvnlnhngkthcaVitNamCngHa.ChonnchnhNgaSvPhp
thngboychongSihanoukbitmimmuvhotngcachnhphDimtrongvpChuntothlygingiahaiqucgiang
llngminhchinlcny.Do,trckhimmuochnhbtu,ngSihanoukhuyngccclclngqunivbaovychun
bdplontingoiSiemReaplvth.
Thbaltrnmtchnhtr,ngSihanoukangclngdnvccchnhschkhnkhovchnhtr,tngiovkinhtcangta,khnkhokim
sotliccclclngchnhtrilptrongnccngnhtocmtthngvngchivthnhutrnmtquct.Domikhoch
khuynhongSihanouktrchtphibtubngcchnhtancithnhndnvquctmitocnhngymtrcnthitkhiphtng
cucochnh.Khngtnngyutchnhtrnhyutttyu,pChuntrnnhontonclptrc,trong,vsaucucochnhnni
bbtmkhngmtaicanthip,nnibgitvVitNamCngHabtcomkhngphnngcmtlino.
BaldominhnhinnhthmngNhuvBthammucangkhngthyciph,lichlout100kvngvchnhschngoigiao
caVitNamCngHavomtphnthudngvmuthchcthktlunrngucNgnhNhuchquan,lthuyt,vthcchnhtr.
Cngnhndpny,ticnmunnithmrngvicanhemngDimccngNgTrngHiulmistiCaoMinvhptcvipChun
trongmmultngSihanouklmtlilmvcngtaihi.ngNgTrngHiuvnldnPhp(tnthtlPaulusHiu,sauithnhhNg
chohpthi)vcrtnhiulinhmtthitvinhiubnbngiVitthnPhp.DvthithvvlidanhngHiuhtsctrungthnhvi
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chohpthi)vcrtnhiulinhmtthitvinhiubnbngiVitthnPhp.DvthithvvlidanhngHiuhtsctrungthnhvi
anhemngDim,nhnglmsaongcthgiknomtvibmtchnhtrtrcccbnbmngvntnghkhngcnlmvicchongi
Phpna.RingtrongcngtchtrpChunltngSihanouk,dngaicngcnhngkhngbaoginndngngNgTrngHiulmi
stiCaoMinvgiaochongtaiukhinmthotngnngphnginiptrnmtkhuvcmtnhboginipcaPhphotngrtc
lc.TngNguynChnhThi,TrungtVngVnngvccnhnvtngphitngluvongtrntCaoMin,tngthyrtrnhnghot
ngtnhboginipquct,cbitlcaPhp,thchcsngvitivtrnghpcaNgTrngHiu.Hnna,vldnPhpcmnay
canhemngDimtrngdngnnngHiuphicntra"BoHonghnVua",phitntylpcngchonnngcnhnghnhngthiu
khnngoanrtphntcdng.NgoicivngvichimbinthTrngMinhGingnhnitrn,ngHiucncngkhaigiaoduvip
Chun,isnbnvipChun,nghalng"lyngtibiny".ChiumthilmchongSihanouknghingvchoip
vinqucttheodi.GiosNguynNgcHuytrongtcphmTmhiusgiaothipgiaVitNamvCampuchiacngchobitchnhngiPhp
bitckhochochnhcapChunvVNCHnnbocochongSihanouk.
Nhnnhtnhhnhthiuthcchnhtrsusc,phtngcngtcvimtkhochcuth,vsdngnhnskhngtheotiuchunanninh
lbayutnibtnhtniconngiNgnhNhu.VkhngphichringvpChunmtnayCaoMintrthnhmtkthdungdngcho
VitCngedasnphaTycaVitNamCngHa,mtkthgipnhmFulrolnhongiThngkhuyphminCaoNguyn,vn
LomtistrnhbysauylithmmtlnnachngtskmcichnhtrcangNgnhNhulyutgipHNicngcngmn
HChMinhsauny.
TkhiHipnhGenve1954raiphnnhVitNamthnhhaiminvibincngalchnhtrrrng,vnhtlktnm1956,khicuc
tngtuyncquynhtrongHipcthngnhttnckhngthnhhnhthHNiquytnhphimmthnhlangchuynvnquns
vkhgiivominNamchunbcucchinunguvichnhquynNgnhDim.
Hnhlanggmbahthng:xmnhpbngngbin,xmnhpbngcchbngvtuyn17thngluphaTysngBnHivxmnhp
bngcchmenvovngbingiiLoVitvtTrngSnvoNam.TrongbahthngthngbingiiLoVitlddngnht,anton
nhtvlulngvnchuynlnnht.VvyngaytkhichkcharomctrnbnHipc,HNiphihpkhochvilclngCng
SnPathetLochunbicngtcchinlcny.
TrongkhichnhphHonggiaLovVNCHthitlpnhngbanggiaohunghvkktnhnghipchptcludithHNibtugicnb
lnLo,phtngmtcucutranhchnhtrnibtronglngPathetLochiphivlnholclngny.Hthcylclngnytthi
cngrntrongmicucthngthuytviphehuphiLophhoittcmilinminhchnhtrcamtchnhphlinhip.Tnm1958,khi
huphiLobtutthichngCngmtcchrrtthHNicngtngphinhnglclngvtranghnghulnLoymtr,nni
vothngGingnm1959,chnhphHonggiaLophiavnraLinHipQucyucuHNirtqunv.
Thng5nm1959,minlctmkimmtgiiphpchnhtrchonitnhncLohontontlit,vtrcscngthngcamtchnhbinc
vlc,phePathetLoquytnhrtvornglpchinkhu.NhngcucchmsngkhngthtrnhctrongcucrtqunnygipHNi
thmcictungqungiivyPathetLo,angbquniHonggiatruykch.THNibtuhontonchiphiPathetLo.Cccnb
CngSnlaiLo,hocbittingLo,hocchinutiLotrongcucchintranhPhpVit(19451954)ciunggiquaLonm
nhngchcvchnhtrvqunsthenchttronglclngPathetLo,vbinnthnhmtbphncangCngSnVitNam.Khngnhng
th,HNicndichuynnhngnvqunithuntyVitNamvotrongniacaLovenbingii,lyclnhngcuchnhqunthaodt
binphng.
Thng8nm1960,khiiyKhongLetchcvphtnglclngtrunglplmcucochnh,cnbHNicngtmcchxmnhp
cvoclclngnykhuynhlotvtoranhngcucxungttibingiicngphquniHonggiaLovcclclngngiMo
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cvoclclngnykhuynhlotvtoranhngcucxungttibingiicngphquniHonggiaLovcclclngngiMo
doMhunluynvvtrang.
TrongkhiHNiphtngmtchnhschlmlngontnhhnhncLocuicngtcnhngnnmngchnhtr,qunstiyth
chnhquynSiGnlmcnhngg?
T 1954 n thng 7 nm 1962, VNCH ch t trng tm vo cng tc pht trin tnh hu ngh LoVit trong cc lnh vc kinh t, kiu c v tha
thunvvtrngbingii.TaisVitNamtiLoxinmcnhiulnhsqunvvnngngoigiaoolutcachnhphLocm
ngingoiquclmmtsngh(thng81960)cbitkhngpdngchokiudnVitNamNitmlichlnhnghotngngoigiaothng
thngcahaiqucgiabanggiaovinhautrongthibnh.
Cuinm1962,hinghGenvevLohnhthnh,chnhphlinhipLodoHongthnSouvanaPhoumalnhonhnnhnvthitlplinh
ngoigiaovincVitNamDnChCngHacaCngSnHNi,ngNhubnnghvingDimchotriuhiisVNCHlngKQuan
Thnvnc,ngcataisphnivicLothanhnminBcVitNam14.
DavothchnhtrqunsvcngthunlilivngmtVNCH,tHNinhvochkhngngi,toplccnthitlmtlitscmnh
caqucgianhbny,vbtutinhnhviccngcngmnHChMinhymtrchoMtTrnDnTcGiiPhngMinNamcngva
raitiminNamVitNam.Hnhng"ly"nychtmthmchotnhcchphongkinvmqungcaanhemnhNgmkhngthynhng
tchichnhtrchoqucgiamnh.
XtlitonbtnhhnhncLoktnm1954,tathybtuPathetLochlmtlclngphinlonbthpphpvrtnhyukhisosnh
vilclngchnhtrqunshngmnhhncachnhphhonggiaLo,thmBcVitbitnmlyviukhinbinnthnhlclng
camnh,sdngnnhmtvkhhiudngvachnglichnhphthinhuLo,vakhuyphminNam.TronglcthtuyVNCHvo
thrtthunlihntrntLongaytumkhngnhnthycnhngbinchuyntnglaidoPathetLovHNigyra,khngbit
ymtrngcchvnglcchochnhphHonggiaLogivngthlclmthdc,mchgiaothipviLobngnhnghotngthi
bnhvbngnhngphngthchnhchnhngoigiaothngthng.khngcnim"tinliuvdphng"likhngcmtschlckhn
ngoannhhngchnhphthinhuLohugiphchiunnghntrongcngcucchngCngchung,ngCnvngNhulichacn
bcamnhvohotngtrntLomuathucphinsng,bunthucphinlu,vicmtisnirtrongmc"ThamNhng"sauny.
TaihihnnalsaukhiHongthnSouvannaPhouma,ThtngchnhphlinhipLo,cngnhnchBcVit,anhemngDimlilymt
quytnhsailmlbibtaisVNCHtiVnTng,chmdtmihotngtrntLovlmmtkhnngtheoditnhthmtvngt
ticnthitchocngcuciphviHNivphngdinqunsvtnhbo.Chonnt,HNiqunlcvkhvominNambng
ngmnHChMinh.CnnhmttnglnhPhptthicnhngDngtngni:"QuitientBoloven,tiendralIndochine"(Aichim
cHLolchimcngDng)thysinhmngminNamVitNamlinhmtthitviLonhthno.AnhemngDim,cbitl
"chinlcgia"NgnhNhunhlitngbcsosnhngtaviTrngLngcamtnhmbibtdichICngHavnthngxng
tngrrngkhngcmtthcchnhtrtngqutvtnhhnhngDng,lithincntrongkhnngnhnnhtnhhnhnnlynhng
quytnhchnhtrsailm,yVNCHvocith"mihrnglnh"nguyhim.ChonnVitNamCngHakhngphibchtvongy30thng
4nm1975,cngkhngphitngychNguynVnThiubinthamnhngthnhqucsch,mphitnhtngyngicnbinhCngSnH
NicucmingtutinkhaimngmnHChMinh,huthnca"nggiyngC"cthitlptnm1956.
Ltcucnglkhngcc,khngbaogicc,nungNgnhNhukhngchquan,caongovbitrngchuynannguytnc
lchuyncamingichkhngphilchuyncamtgianh.NhtlgianhhNg!
214/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lchuyncamingichkhngphilchuyncamtgianh.NhtlgianhhNg!
CngnhnhnglnghnhvphnlunlcabNhu,nhngsailmvticcangNhucnhndnghibngmulvonhngtrangs
i.Nhngtrangsmultistiptcghithmvotpschnycihuynthoimcc"sgiahoiNg"angcxypphiblttrn,
tanr.
HuynthoivmtNgnhNhusngsut,mtNgnhNhumulcquthtchinhutrongtmhncamtsphntCnLaoCngGio,
nhngkhngphivkhnngcthc.NuNgnhNhuquthtcsngsut,cmulcvcckkhcdngramthuynthoithl
hontonnhvosbnhhontmthnramtthcbongvmtkhnngpbcthtthngmhngtriunnnhntnglnhn
chnghngchu.Thtvy:
NgnhNhuchccithctiltchcmnglidothmnhngtcnbcangtatrongqunivtrongcquanchnhquynrnhm,
theodi,boconhngkcchngich,vthngthngchonhngktrungthnhvimnh.Hthngchcnhimvbovchvi
mtmcchquhphi,vthchNgnhDimmtisnghcanhndn15.
Chctilmmtthmcnganmlicngtrongcngvlnhoqucgia,trchgsinhlcqucgiakhngtiutnvsinhmnhtquc
khngnghingng?
ngNgnhNhulcttrctrutvkhnkhtmngDimtincydavokinthclnkhnngcangiemhuhnhxnhimv
Tngthngmcaitrtnc.MilnngNhuivngkhidinhcLplngDimbnkhonkhngantm,milnngNhuginhnbiCao
NguynsnbnctunllngDimthpthmlou.Hunhmichnhsch,mibuihpHingNiCc,mibidinvn,milituynb
ngDimutholunvhitrcvingNhurimilyquytnh.VaitrvnhhngcangNhubaotrmnhththtilnhotrnc
cangDimnhthno?
Suthn20nmtrilmvicving,trccngnhsaukhinmchnhquyn,tronghonnncngnhlcthnhcng,tinhnthyimnibt
niconngingDimlbunhittmtrongcngvic,nhngcinhittmcemlithnhqugkhngthlilmtvnhontonkhc.
TikhngcnnhvonmnokhimilnlmTngthng,ngthcsgyxcngsuxatronglngtikhingralnhchophicca
KhngqunthdraukhoaixungchodnhaitnhKinPhong,KinTnghtrngtrtlisautrnlcuntrihthoamu,nngphmca
aphng.Dslngrauthdxungbbmdphhaognht,vdraukhoaikhngphilnngphmthityunhtgiiquytnhng
thiuhtthcphmcahaitnhnylcbygi,nhngthithctvquynbinphtxutttmthnhlmchotinhlinhngknim
banu,ngytimigpngtrongnginhcnuhiutiPhCamHu,khimQuyn,Lc,Danh,Liuchabaovyvtching.
ngDimlngictiukgiimkhngcimuhay,asoimivotiutitmtcchqunnitrthnhlmcm.th,nglikhng
ckhnngdintbnglicngnhbngchchonnninnglngtng,phntchvnmtcchkhngchthng,vthchnidi,nidai
khngchongiithoigphayngayctrlinhngcuhidochnhngtra.
TrnongDimkhngquenlhisgtrutngvtngqut.ngchaviccthmnghnhdungcrmichulcn,ngxtnhv
tngtrnghpvtngcngtcdhnlvtondinvn.ngcthchlmcmttngthanhtratnmn,scsonhvinksBigorne
thiPhpthuc:GinglmtngthanhtranhBigornekhngchnglmcvichnmtTngthng16.
HmtngTngthngcnhmngiCnggioCnLaocoinhthnhthnxunghngtngthanhtracha,onThmcnphbnhng
Dim:
215/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Dim:
Lthngicucbnhhon,mtonthnlmtkhivngchcnngn,ychtnnkhcim,cotrnvchmlngvotrongthdhnl
phibyrngrirangoi17.
ngonThmchorngngDimvquenlmquanlunm,quenkhngkhtriunhquanliunnchctilmquanNamtriuhnllmTng
thngmtncCngHakiudnchTyphng.
CnngHSKhu,mtcngsvinvnhngvnchinlcqucgiachongDimkhongthigianuthpnin50,trongtcphm"HCh
Minh,NgnhDimvMtTrnGiiPhng"nhnxtvngDimnhsau:DngtngiochngCng(trang152)phongkin(trang157),
qugiao(trang160),ckth(trang163),bnhhngmnhcanganh(trang168),chactmvclnhtqucgia,cngkhngctmvc
lnhtquctkhngnhnngccvnchnhyucatnc(trang262).Nhnsinhquanhphikhngdmtinaikhcvthngngvc
mingi(trang262),bnchtquanlikhnggtschcquanliugianh(trang263),mccmkngiNamK(trang264),cM
bngln(trang275),khngcphongbclngng(trang279),cnhsttrgianhtr(trang329).
VconngicangDim,trnmtctnhcngnhtrtu,nutnghplittcnhngmtvphbnhkhcnhaucanhngcngsvin
tnglmvicving,canhngchnhkhchVitcngngoiquctngtipxcving,canhngkgivtcgitngnghincuvng,
tonThmnJosephButtinger,tBoinRobertShaplen,tThnBernardFall,tNguynThinFrancesFitzgerald,tTrnVn
nnCabotLodgethttcucnhngcinhndinhngkhacnhkhcnhau,nhngcmtimmttcungmngvinhaul
minNamquthtbthnhvblnhobimtnhnvtmtitrlconskhngtrcngHChMinh.NgaynuVitNamtrongthi
thanhbnh,ngDimcngkhngngnivaitrcamtnhcaitrhunggtqucangbedatrongcnhlmnguydusilabng.
TikhnglythnhbilunanhhngvtmthcvoccangDimkhngthucloianhhng,mtichmunlyktqucamtss
vicmnglmolngtinngcang.lkhutrmt,khochniCaoNguynvingBng,vngxelaxuynVitv.v
ChngtrnhKhuTrMtcthnhlpnhmymtrkhochCiCchinamnhtitrnhbytrongchngtrc,mtkhochch
thnhcngtrngiytvchomtthiusivtrunginchtiminNam,cntiuachvnhtliastinnngdnthphnutv
khnglmchcmtmnhrungringcamnhnncnhiutrnghpmcthuhochcnkmhncthiTythuca.
Trnlthuyt,KhuTrMtcxemnhlnhngnvhnhchnhnngnghipnhmquytnngdnthnhtngkhubov,ymtrvpht
trin.Trnmtxhi,KhuTrMtcnlgchnigiathnhthvthnqumquaccsinhhotvphttrintinbcathsvnng
thn.
Nhttcmisnphmlthuytcach,phnkhochvnhngbiuhinhnhthcbaogicngbturtpvquynr.Nhngtrnthc
t,dchngtrnhnydochnhvTngthngiungvtheodikimsottngchititmt,ktquvntrnnbithm.Sthtbibithmca
n,ngoinhngldodhiulkhngnghincukcngistvithct,lchunghnhthcnngvlnghnlvphm,lcnbtha
hnhlohihtrngcyhmnayngymaiTngthngikinhlkhenthnghnlthcsphttrinchmnhngchcCncmtldokhc
lscanthipqucangDim,ngichthniukhinchngtrnhmtcchconmlikhnghockhnglutmnnhngkin
thcchuynmncnthitchomtchngtrnhbaogmcbnlnhvcnngnghip,xhi,qucphngvnhntm.
avicnylnhngtrngtmcngtc,ngDimbtngngxyctcccxcngchc,dnhtinxschocckhu.ngikinhlngma
th,tmvtrcpngnkhonvimtvhngsaytintngkhinnhchctrchaphng,vnninhycm,vithiua"lpKhumctlp
216/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
th,tmvtrcpngnkhonvimtvhngsaytintngkhinnhchctrchaphng,vnninhycm,vithiua"lpKhumctlp
cng".Nntigianm1959c25Khuthnhlp.25thtrnhonthnhtrongthigianklcchayhainm,ccoinhmtktqukhng
ng.
NhngngTngthngcngkhngngnhngphnngtrongdngian.Litathnvnkhiunitingmingymtnhiu:bedannphi
rinh,bthiuthnvmimt,thayvctrcp,cngnhubbinth,kinhphbphngi,tisnbxmphm
ngchoiutra:sontrchkhngphilvcnc,nhiukhucdnglnquhptp,dnchngchahiurthinchcachnhquyn,s
gipkhngnbccthithivvnquantrngnhtlsinhkchacgiiphpthchng:nhnngkhngthtiptccngvichngngy
khirungvnxakhumi.ngphiralnhtmnh.NhngrichngtrnhKhuTrMtcnglmtnkhngbitbaonhiucngquvlm
khschodngian18.
Thtbilnnhtkhinhchkhochnylsgiaongtrongqunchng.Sinhhotnngnghipvnctnhnhk,theothitit,theogingla,
vtheoloit,chonntngnxa,chnhnhnghotngcanhtcquinhnhngsinhhotnhnvnkhccathnxnhhih,nhm,
cihi,llc,Chcnlmxotrnchuksinhhotnyllmxotrnlunnpsngcangidn,trnchaimtnghnghipcngnhphong
cch.
XinlytrnghpinhnhcamtKhuTrMtthnhcngnhtthycilicamtKhuTrMtkhngbliccihitolnvdychuyn
canhnghqugyra:
Khititign,KhuTrMtVThanh(nimTngthngDimchokhnhthnhrmr)trngthtlrngri,skhisosnhvicclngmc
dcng.VinchhuychngtrnhKhuTrMtaphng,ThiutTrnCuThin,giithiunoltrnghc,nhthng,trinain
vchonngdnlnutintrongih.ngtacngchotibitlnngdnscnhiulitc.ngtakhoekhoanglhonthnhKhuTrMt
chtrongvngcnmmingytheolnhcaTngthngDim,vKhuTrMtlmtkintrcgngmulmvuilngnhngnhlpphpHoa
KnvingthmVitNam.Nhngtrongthctlilmtiha.
ihalvnngdnbbtbucphiblngmcc,bcmmchang,bctptcctruyntptrungvKhu.TaihihnnalThiut
ThinphitheolnhTngthnghuyng20ngnngixydngmtKhuchcho6ngnngi.S14ngnngikiaphibcng
vicngnglmvicmkhngctrtincng.Thinborngbthlmcngkhngtrtinltpchohlmbnphncngdn(sic).
Trili,ivinngdnthnhngcngtccngngnhthlhnhthc"cngbchlaong"nndlchchatheoVitCnghcng
trabtmnvichDim19.
Thtvy,thtbivphttrinnngnghipcachngtrnhnykhngphiltchilnnht,chnhtchisumvludilickchthc
chnhtr,inicngnhingoi.inilxcnhviqunchngnngthnsbtlccachnhquyntrcmtlnhvcquantrngchomin
Namlvnphttrinnngnghip,vyciqunchnglnlaovphakthVitCngingoillmmtstnnhimcachnhquynv
nhndnHoaKvkhnngtcuvtcngcaVitNamCngHa.
MtphnttMkimminmiviHoaKthchngthmthavounhngvinmnmucachDim,tinvintrcaMtrang
trikhngnhng100%chiphqunsv80%chiphdnscachnhphSiGn,mcntrnthiuhtvngoithng178triuMkim.
HoaKlcuhyvngrngsnngoithngsdndntrht,khngngncmingymtgiatngvphitrthmtnphcangiM.V
mcdlagolngunliqucgiatolnnht,nm1959,VNvnphinhpcng20triuMkimthcphmtrongchngtrnhthcphmchoHa
Bnh.
217/611
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Bnh.
DichDim,trchngtrnhnhcchongiCngGiodictBcvo,ttccccngtckhcnhkhuTrMt,nhdinhin,nhhp
tcxnngnghiputhtbinngn20.
Khngcdnchngymtr,bngiMkhmphnhngthtthotvhlmcngqunnkimsotgtgaovicchithunngxutkhngt
cchtiu,lmvngbnthmkhnngtcchincaquninncuicng,tonbchngtrnhkhuTrMtbsp,vcckhugilTr
MtbrravtanlongvosmnhmngcarungngminNam.
ChngtrnhkhuTrMtchyunhmvominNamvnlvalacancta.RingtiminTrung,nhtltPhYntrra,nngnghipkhng
philkhuvckinhtchnhtrongkschphttrinqucgia.HisncaminDuynHivlmsncavngCaoNguyncncphihpvi
nhautronghthngluthngtrnchaimtsnphmlntint.Do,mtkhochchnhtrangvtnlpcctrcgiaothngnilinhaimin
adcatnccthitk.VvminTrungcmtvthcbit,cmtdntnhcngcbitkhngkmtrongcucchinPhpVitm
nhng mt khu ngy xa ca Vit Minh vn cha c khm ph ra v tiu hy, m nhng t cn b Cng Sn nm vng bt u khuy ng
mnhnnkhochnyphnlndoqunimtrch.
CngtcutinlxydngtrclKontumQungNam.CngtcnycynhimchoiyTrnVnKha(saunylitvhinnayang
California,HoaK)phtrchvichcvchhuytrngcngtrng.Nhngmcduhtsccgngvclnphctrnhviukinanninh
khngthuntin,ngKhacngkhngthnohonttnicngtcny.Mtiicngbinhvinhngtrangbdngchinichovicxydng
kiulvhaiiiBoancnhimvbovcngtrngbVitCngtncnggythithinngn,nhtlvmtnhnlc.Cuicng,cngtc
phibbibvcngtrngthbbhoangchomanngtnph.
Khochlnnhm"niCaoNguynviDuynHi"bgychvtnhchquanphindintrongllunvvphngphplmviccquynrt
lum thum ca ng Dim. Tht vy, ng KontumQung Nam l mt trc l gai gc, chy song song vi sn pha ng rt him tr ca dy
TrngSnvmchovhngngBcxuynquaccnitrckhivoaphntnhQungNam,ttckodign200cys.Nung
Dimchoiunghincnthntonbcngtcnytrckhibtuthsthyrngtnhhnhanninhtihaitnhnykhngttpchtno,dn
tnhcngnhcciukinkinhtkhngthuntinvkhnnggiihncacngbinhcngnhcacclclngbovchucaaphngs
khngscduytrnhimvxydngvbovmttrclvaclpvadbph,vadinhth.
Nhng vTng thng mun lTri mun, vTng thng mun lTng thng lm lin khng cn lng dn, khng cn tnh th, khng cn phng
tinchonnktqumithmhi.
RingngxelaXuynVitthquytnhcangDimdnhmtngnkhonqulnviungmtlclngnhnsqunhiuutinti
thittonbhthngbnhiungingncnvsskhbovtrcngstqudimtkhichintranhtipht.NgaytronghinghLin
B(1960)mticptrongchngtrc(khitholunvvnbitrnndung),trongdptrnhbytngquttnhhnhanninh,tilu
hingh(gintipnhhgiptithuytphcngDimvmcphhoicnglccnggiatngcaVitCngmmilntitrnhbythng
ligtivcholtibithmhavn)vkhnngvcaVitCngmuncttngxelanilinhaiminTrungvNam.
phnngh,mtschuynvinctrnhbyvingDimvvicsdngngnkhonlnlaochohaidn:hoclphttrinmththng
thngthuynvaanninhhnvavnchuyncnhiuhnhocltithitqucls1chytQungTrnTyNinhkhuynkhchngnh
vntibngxe21.
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChaidnnyulyyutanninhlmchnhvthctVitNamlmtncanglmchinvimtkthmphhoi,tkchlstrngs
mt.ChaidnnycnguttnhkhthilmiukintinquytkhdduytrcmchsngkinhtchochaiminTrungvNam.
NhngngDimukhngngvgtbi.KhingcchlmngxelaXuynVitv(tronggiaionth)ddnghnvchng
hontthn,thchtrthnhmtmnhthithc,scnhphmillunhplvkhthinht,dlluncllluntnghp
canhngchuynvinvanninh,vkinht,vgiaothng,bitnhiuvnmvngtnhhnhthcthnng.
ngxelaSiGnngHcngDimkhnhthnhtrngthtiQuyNhnngy7thng8nm1959.Nhngchgnhainmsau,gianm
1961,ngxelaXuynVitbchtranhiukhcvnhngcuctncng,tmn,phhoingrycadukchVitCng.
VictithitngxelatSiGnnngHlmthithinngnvctichnhlnnhnmng.Hngngy,trnmichuyntu,mttiu
onthitvn"bovhaxa"cphitheohtngccontu.itNguynVnT(hinnayM),lcbygilThiutchhuycngtc
bovnghaxa,thngnphnnnvitivnhimvkhkhn,thiuphngtinvnhnsnhticanthipvicptrntmbinphp
iph.Nhngcngnhbaonhiuchnhsch,khoch,chngtrnh,cngtckhccangDim,khngcnbinphpnocitinnhngtht
bictnhcchcbnkhingchquanchomnhlng,ngoiphngphpchungnhngthithichonkhithigianbtnphitlit
hocthy.
TionngDimmuntrthnhmtNguynCngTrtngkhaiphvngKimSn,TinHi(NinhBnh)nhngticthaynglikhngctmhn
vtinngcaNguynCngTr:
Ngaytnhngngyu,chnhcnhncaTngthngDimvquannimchnhtrcanglmgimthiuhiunngcachnhquyn.
LsnphmcamtgianhvacungtntheoThinChagiovamangnngtnhphongkincagiaicpquanlithngtr,ngDimlmt
ngiconcchp,thlianghivcunvphngdinlunl.TinhthncangDimcmtnhtinhthncacclnhchaYPha
NhothiTrungC(SpanishInquisitor).
BmychnhtrcangDimnglmtnhchgianhtr,ctchccngngcvcctnhtrungngtpquynqu.
TheobnglnggicatnhboMthtnhhnhcmtnhsau:"TngthngDimvntiptclnhcaitrkhngthchiciccamin
Nam,ttcnhngvntrngivnhngvnthyuudochnhngtaquytnh."
McdcvmtchnhphdnchvinghnhngngDimtinrngngiVitNamcngtinrngngphicaitrmtcchcngrn,tnhtl
tronggiaionanninhqucgiabeda.
ngcngtinrngtncchathcilpchnhtrnusilpnylmcntrvtiuhaonhngnlccachnhphtrongvicthitlpmt
nncaitrvngchc.ngvnlmtkhunmtcphnnokhtkhevxacchivihuhtngiVit,dokhngkhidycsnngnhit
rngrinotronglngqunchng.
ChDimphnnhquannimcangta:Bmtchnhphinghvncduytrnhngtrnthct,chnhphcaitrmtcchhonton
con.
Quynlpphpcaquchibgiihnchtch,quyntphpkhngcphttrinvlthucvohnhphp.Thnhphnnhnscahnh
phplikhngaikhchnlnhngthuchcangDim.
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phplikhngaikhchnlnhngthuchcangDim.
Trmtrnghnna,ccchngtrnhcangDimnhmgiatnganninhnngthncthchinmtcchtitnnithayvtocs
phncchgiaqunphinlonvnngdnthngcli,litorasphncchgianngdnvchnhquyn,huqulanninhnglcgia
tngthlibsuygim.
ChngtrnhDnSVcquannimnhtodngmicmthnggiachnhphSiGnvdnqukhngtcmctiukhing
DimatonngiBcdicvtnThinChagiovthnp.ividnqu,cconDnSVylnhngkngoicuc.
ChngtrnhCiCchinathayvphnphitchonginghochungcucthchlylinhnggmnngdncVitMinhcppht
emtrlichoinch.Nm1960,15%dnsvncnchimhu75%tai.
ngDimgiitncchingdnctheotruynthngthnxvsCngSnnmquynhnh.Ringthaythccunhndn
bngnhngkngoicuccchnh,lnhngngiBcdicvcctnCnggiotrungthnhvingta.
TrongchindchgilTCngbtutmaHnm1955,t50.000ngin100.000ngibnhtvotritptrung,trongsnhngkbgiam
cmrtnhiungikhngclinhgnCngSn.
TngthngDimcngbanhnhnhngchngtrnhticdnchnggiatnganninh,nhngnhngthlichcphnngbtlimthi.
NgiThngthiusbbtbucriquchattCaoNguynTrungphnnnhcticcvngncvanninhhn,ligianhpvo
qunicaVitCngdnqubdikhihngpcattinxycclngmitheochngtrnhdinhin,trnncmthchnhphSi
Gn.
Dnillolngvanninh,ngDimkhnglmgctngcngcnhstvtnhbonngthn.Lclngbnquns,dnvvboanth
khngctrangb,khngchunluyny,vvmtchhuythrttit.
Sbotn,cpbcvvklutcanhnvinchnhquynthcydnlnghngngmtcchcngkhaicccucchngichnhph.
Bngphngcchbpnghttdongnlunvbtnhngthnhphnchngi,ngDimlmtlitthnhphntrthc,bngcchthng
thngsquantrncnbntrungthnhvigianhngta,thayvtheotiuchunkhnng,ngDimlmtlitaphnqunlc22.
TrcnhngthtbingymtgiatngcachnhphDim,vothngGingnm1960,TaisMtrong"bnTngtrnhcbitvtnhhnh
nianVitNam"inktlun:
Tnhhnhcthtmlctrongnhnnhsauy:Chnhphinchiividnchngbngconmtnghik,npilysth,
thngvonghtcaqunchng.
thcvlinigiachnhquynvnhndnlyutcbnthkhngcnna.Nhndnkhngcnnghabnchtcamnhvbn
chtcachnhquyn.23
BnTngtrnhnurrngsthvbtmnngymtgiatngtrongdnqulnguynnhnchnhcasnilontiminNam.
220/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Phntrchdntrnylnhngnhnnhdavothctkhchquancanm1960bngcinhnchthngcamtngiMnghincuvvn
VitNamhunggpvochnhschcaMtincta,mtchnhschvncnthunlichominNamnichungvngDimniring,d
tnhhnhcnhiuduhiubiquan.
TuycinhnmtngvcktcnhngthtbicngnhtnglaienticachDimnhngcngchatruytmctngcr
nhngldothtscaccthtbi.LdothtslgnukhngphixutphtttcchvkhnnglnhocasuanhemnhNg.
Honcnhxhi,tmthctngio,giodcgianhcktthnhsunhnvtchbitbmchtlyquynlcctn,ctikhuynhlot
qucgia,sunhnvtttraochomnhcinhimvdndtdntcVitmkhngthmmxanlngdnthnc.
ngtrnquanimlchsTyphng,tacthgiithchbngsvnngttyucalchsvskhnghonglnhocatnctronggiai
onny.Nhngngtrnsquanngphngthtachthylcduynnhnqucavnnctrongstunhonbindchcavtrv
nhnsinh,mcngnhqutrnhbinthinlchscaccqucgiakhc,phicnhngtriuibocraitrckhiquhngvdntcbc
vochuktisngmicatnglai.TaphicchNgnhDimthmicngy30thng4nm1975choCngSncchiqutsch,
quthtnhngrcrmtndlchscaccchngoithucktngyPhpnhvNngchonngyCngSnthngnhtVitNam.V
taphicngy30thng4nm1975bmtlithivbtlccaCngSnHNildinthdntcmicchivnglnvittrangsmisau
ny.
Misuthtbichnhtr,ngoigiao,kinht,xhicachDimcticptronghaichngvaqua,tuykhngnotingsngnh
trnchina,nhngchnhchnglilnhngyutmngchoccthtbiqunsmuxngriktnm1960mtiscptrong
chngtiptheo.Thtvy,vchnhtriungmcvbnchtcachins,nnnhngthtbichnhtrcachdnhinkotheonhng
thmbivqunstrongmtcucchinmithCngSnbitphihpchaiyutnymtcchtinhkhnvhuhiu.
1 NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?,tr.185,186.
2 MalcolmBrowne,TheNewFaceofWar,tr.70.
4 onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,tr.109,110.
5 DngTnTi,Ci,NguynNhnvThcCht,tr.333.
6 JosephButtinger,VietnamAPoliticalHistory,tr.447,448.
7 VPhin,tNcQuHng,tr.116.
8 onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,tr.119,120.
10 JosephButtinger,Vietnam,APoliticalHistory,tr.463vDavidHalberstam,TheMakingofaQuagmire,tr.172.
11 DavidHalberstam,TheMakingofaQuagmire,tr.172.
12 GeorgeChaffard,LesDeuxGuerresduVietnam,tr.310.
13 NguynNgcHuy,TmHiuMiBangGiaoGiaVitNamviTrungHoa,CamBtvLo,tr.78.
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14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
NguynNgcHuy,TmHiuMiBangGiaoGiaVitNamviTrungHoa,CamBtvLo,tr.53,54.
StanleyKarnow,Vietnam,AHistory,tr.265.
StanleyKarnow,Vietnam,AHistory,tr.231.
FrancesFitzgerald,FireintheLake,tr.101104.
DithiIICngHa,ngnhhivncngnhngnhxeuckhaithctrthnhnhngsinhhothuytmchluthnghngha
mtcchantonvhuhiu.
22 NeilSheehan,ThePentagonPapers,tr.70,72.
Chng11
Nm1960,btucassp
Vokhonguxunnm1958,nhnitrongmtchngtrc,ticchnhithanhtraccnvCngbinhtrongkhichimtnhim
vthngtrchnsauthigianmtnmPhp.Tuycngtcctnhcchtmthivtuykhngcmtkinthcnovngnhchuynmnny
nhngnhdp,vbngnhngthmnhthuntyanninhqucphngxuynquangnhCngbinh,ticikhpminNamvnghincu
mtcchkhchnhxcvtnhhnhtnc.
TicnnhvothngBanm,ticmuphionthanhtraxungSacnhthmTrungtNguynBoTrangchhuymtsontiy
nhngTrivng,ThiutTrnThanhChiu,ThammutrngSon,tipti.Chiucntrtui,chabaogichhuynvtcchin,nhng
nhgianhCnggioclinhnhiuvingNgnhKhinncanhemngDimhtscthngyu,tnnhim,nng.Chiuhamc
sch,thchllunvchnhtrvqunsngviphongcchtnhtnhcangidnvngquhngNamNgi.
Chiu cho ti bit ch mi u nm 1958, ngha l cha y 4 nm sau hip nh Genve m Vit cng thc hin xong giai on gio dc qun
chngvtchchtngcschonntnhhnhnngthntuybngoicvanbnhnhngbsuthtscnhngtsngngmchuyn
ng.TheoChiuthdnchngvngHuGiang,trnhnglngHaHo,utheoVitcnghtnhngchnhquynaphngthvnchquan
vvnbocoloviTngthngltnhhnhanninhttp.Chiuthnhkhnniviti:"EmbititrttrungthnhviTngthng,itnn
nirchongbitsthtkongCbccTnhtrnglabphoi".
TitinChiukhngphngitnhhnhbivngaygiaSiGnvothng10nmngoi(1957),trongmtngymVitcngdmthaiqumn,
mttingTrnHngo,mttichAnnglmntungmtchicxechMkiuvlmspmtgcKhchsncsquanMtrng.V
vothng11nm1957,trongcuchnhqunMn(CnTh),bntabtcn12lnhVitcngvtchthucnhiuvkhkhhin
i.VSiGn,titrnhbytnhhnhanninhchung,klinhngliTrnThanhChiunichoTngthngDimnghenhngtibng"ttngay
mtgonclnhlnu"nhngthnglaryTrungtNguynvnChu,GimcNhaChintranhTmllhaybiquan:"Anhchnghe
thngChiunitmby".
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Thtvy,tronglcanhemngDimthotmnvnhnglicangicamtschnhkhchtnglnhM,vlcquanvnhngbuintip
ngocadnchngmilnngikinhl,thtnhhnhanninhcaminNamthtsnhinglongi.
Ktnm1956,saukhingDimcHoaKkhuynkhchtchitchcTngtuynchaimintheoquynhcahipcGenve,thgiilnh
oBcVitmtmtchoiphtthanhHNisutngytcosvphmtrngtrnnyvkuginhndnminNamnidy,mtkhctinhnh
vickhaithngvchnhtrangliconnggiaolinvvnchuyntBcvoNam,gil"nggiyngC"(saunybinthnhngmn
HChMinh).ScnbbmtkhngtpktraBccngvndngvtchclinhngthnhphnkhngchinchngPhpcnngyc
nhiuthnhqungk.
Trongbanmt1957n1959,Vitcngvatchchtngcstinngthn,vabtumrngphmvinhhngbngcchotngbt
ccvmstcnbpxcachnhquyn,mchniringnm1957mthi,scnbchnhquynbthtiulnn472ngi.Consny
tnggpivonm1958vnnm1960thtrungbnhcmitunlcn15cnbnngthn,vinchcxpbVitcnggit.1
NhnlitonbmikhacnhcacucchinVitNam,khngaicthtngtngcrngsauHipnhGenve1954,trongkhiCngsnBc
VitbkitquvmimtvtronglcminNamVitNamcnhtcngqucHoaKymtrtntnhvdidomchnmnmsau(1960)
tnhtrnganninhminNambthuichthtngvbscmnhcngphcakthnngthncngnhccvngvenbinth.Ngy26
thnggingnm1960,mttrungonthucson13ngTrngSp,cchtnhlTyNinhkhong12cys,bVitcngtncnggythithi
nngncvnhnmnglnvkh.
Ngoitcdngqunsdnhincan,thmbicason13cnchngtthmhaiimrtrrngtrongchnhschcaitrcangDim:l
chnhschsdngnhnsquaviclachnTrungtTrnThanhChiu,mttaychn"CnLaoCnggio"thntn,gichcTlnhSonD.
Chiukhngckinhnghimchintrng(chtrongnmnmChiucthngcptTrungylnTrungtvogiaionmtnhtrngccchv
tnhhnhchinschannisibngnhvonhngnm1970sauny)vdqunilcbygikhngthiusquancpttnglnln
trongcucchintranhngDnglnthnht.
ThhailthmbinycngchngtrtrcihquttyucachnhschkthvnptngioCaoicachnhphDim.Caoilmtt
chcyuncchngPhptnglhuthuncaKNgoiHuCng.GiochPhmCngTctngbthcdnPhpluyComresmy
nmtrng.
GiohiCaoivncoiVitcnglkthkhngitrichungvsaukhivacpcchnhquynnm1945,VitMinhtiudittpthnhiu
lngCaoiQungNgi,khngbsthitnCaoikhpni,vcbitbtgiamvsthinhiulnhtCaoinhngTrn
QuangVinhhocngNguynvnSm,KhmsaicachnhphTrnTrngKimchnghn.DichcaQuctrngBoi,lclngvtrang
CaoichinusinhtchngVitMinhvgivnganninhchonhnglngmc(nhtlminngNamphn),nictnCaoisinhsng.
Nhngktngy5thng10nm1955,khianhemngDimmuachucctngCaoiNguynThnhPhng,rimtmtchotncngvo
ThnhthtTyNinh,tckhgii300hvquncaGiochPhmCngTc,mtmtchobochviphtthanhSiGnarachindchbi
nhGiochCaoinoldm,thamnhng,Vitgian,thGiochPhmCngTc,tngLvnTtvmtstntrnquaCaoMin.T
CaoibchtrngchngCngquayquachngchnhquynNgnhDim.TheogiosDouglasPikethsaukhiGiochPhmCngTclu
vongquaCaoMin,trongs11hphiCaoic10hphitheoVitcng,chcnmthphinghchDimmmcchchlbo
vlyThnhthtCaoichonkhichDimblt,tonthlclngCaoilitrvhptcvinhngchsauDim.2
Tuynhin,dcmthphiCaoinghchDimnhngchlsnghbnngoimthibivhkhnghptcvison13,khng
thngbonhnghotngcaVitcngtrongvnghsinhsngchoSon,doSonmibtncngbtng,bthithihtscnngn,
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thngbonhnghotngcaVitcngtrongvnghsinhsngchoSon,doSonmibtncngbtng,bthithihtscnngn,
mttonbvkhcacmtTrungon.ChnhTrungtTrnThanhChiu,TlnhSon13cngnhnthithiuthnthincaCaoi
khitinTyNinhchthniutravthtbiqunsny.
NgoitrntncngvoSon13lmchomigiiVitMbnghong,trongnm1960,nhnghotngcaVitcngcngxyrartnhiu
nichotathylclngqunscngnhchnhtrcaVitcngquthttrngthnhvgiatngmauchng.QuniVitNamCngHa
chmtrnviVitcngvngUMinhH(CMau),ThiLai(PhongDinh),BuRm(LongAn),PhongPh(KinTng),cHu(Long
An),GiRai(BcLiu),CaiLy(nhTng),PhngTnvBuSen(TyNinh),CaoLnh(KinPhong),...vrtnhiunikhc.Vitcng
cndmtncngvoquncHagnthSiGnvongy28thng5nm1960.CnhiuniVitcnghnhqunvicptiuonnh
trnnhngy22thng6nm1960CcRinh(cHu,LongAn),BitngqunphikchlitchngcviTiuon506caVitcng.Ngy
21thng10nm1960,ccnDakpek,Daksout,DakseKontumbVitcngtncngtvbtrnngp,chnhphphigimytiuonNhy
dncuvin.Thmngy28thng10,nghal6ngysau,VitcnglitncngvocngtrnglmngKontumQungNgi,lmcho
iiCngbinh,iiBoanbovcngtrngnyvmtsnBoanlncnbnhtanr,xec,dngccngbinhbphhy,vcng
trng b bi b (ti c ni n cng trng ny vo chng trc), Vit cng cn to bo hn na khi dm tn cng cn c qun s Hip c
QungNamngtrnmtngnivongy20thng8nm1960.Vitcngnhtaniqunbphng,thuottonbvkh,chimngcn
cmytingnghvchquntipvinntncngtheochinthut"Cngnvin".3
Rrngminm1960,nghalsunmsaukhingDimlncmquyn,bnnmsaukhiHNiquytnhphtngcucutranhgiiphng,
mbctranhminNammmvlclngdukchcaVitcngdmcngkhaithchthciuvilclngchnhquycaVitNam.4
VntraltisaoquniVitNamCngHavlclngvtrangBoangmphnngnhngtngtbinhsctinhthnchngCngrt
cao,ckinhnghimchinusutsu,bynmtridichQuctrngBoi(vncgilquniqucgia),mtqunitrng
thnhtrongkhilamngynaydingncclphonton,thmcshtrcamtngminhmnhnhtthgii,likhngthngc
lclngdukchcaVitcngtiminNamdsaocngmibtuthla.
GcngoinhngsailmchatrmtrngvcchtchcvhunluyntheokiuMvnkhngphhpchomtcucchintranhnhndn,chin
tranhcchmng,vnhngsailmchanhhngnkhnngtcchincaquniVitNamCngHalcbygi,nutaxtthunvsc
mnhqunsthlclngchnhphnmrtnhiuuth:uthvhunluyn,vvkhtrangb,vqunyqunnhuqunc,vtnhding
bngcgii,vymtrcaphobinhvkhngqun,vhthngtruyntinvlinlc,vnhtlvmthuphngdidonhn,vt,tilc,...vy
mvnkhngkhaidngcnhnguimnniminm1960mbtubluivothphngngbng.Nhvy,rrngstrtrv
yukmcaqunichcthgiithchbngchnhschlnhosailmcagianhngDim,chmuntptrungquynhnhiungqunlc
vomtthius,vkhngchqunlcbngmththngbnhimbtcnglmchoqunnhncccpmthntinhthnchinuvqunitr
thnhmtkkhnglkhngtimkhngc,ququngtrongchicbysptinhvicakth,mtkthvastrngvdukchchinvacthn
dnnhittnhngh.
Thtvy,quniVitNamCngHayukmtrchtvtnhchquankhinhchcaanhemngDim,nhngngichutrchnhimtrctin
vviclnhochintranh,vvicchonglichinlc.VchquankhinhchnnanhemngDimkhngnmvngtnhhnhlicn
munchegiustht,ngytrangthnhnhngthnhqusaysavicclitnvinh.
HynghelicangicanhngngibnngoiquccangDimththyrcichquanvlcangta.ChnghnnhgiosWesleyFishel,
ngiMutinccngtouythchongDimtrnchnhtrngHoaK,vothng8nm1958vit:"MinNamVitNamclitvohng
qucgiahabnh,vngchinhtng".CvncicchinacangDim,ngWolfLadejinskycngvit:"CucnidytiminNamVit
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qucgiahabnh,vngchinhtng".CvncicchinacangDim,ngWolfLadejinskycngvit:"CucnidytiminNamVit
NamchlhotngrirccacnbVitcngnhngvngxaxiholnhmthi"5.NgaycmtnhnvtkhknhngiAnh,giosHoney,
mcngtuynbrng:"Vonm1959,TngthngDimcngcvngchcavcangtavvhiuhahtnhnglclngchngi" 6.
Huqucatnhchquankhinhchlsmqung,mqungthkhngbitchtnh,khngbitphngthciphvichthnhcnhn
dytngnxamvnlunlunng.Bitngibitta,trmtrntrmthng.ngDimvngiMkhngbityv"ta",licngkhng
bitghtv"ngi"ththtbillngnhin.Nhngtrnhtvquantrngnhtlvnlngdn,yutquytnhsthngbi,thdnli
cngngycnghngvVitcngtrongkhingDimvngiMlicchorngnhndnminNamvnnghngDimvchcangta.
iviqunithquyttmhysinhcabinhslyutcnbnchomtcucchinuludithngiMlculichorngscmnhtinhthn
khngbngscmnhcavkh.CnngDimthlikhnglnhoqunitheotinhthnhysinhchoTqucnhtruynthngvbinhthuyt
dngnccalchsncta,mlixydngqunitheochnhschbovngivchongvphcvquynlibtchnhcagianhvphe
nhmcang.
Saukhinhtanccnhmvtrangcagiophi,nhiungichorngtnayquniscthngnht,nhngbthnhthay,anhemngDim
lixydngmtth"qunigiophi"mi:giophi"CnggioCnLao".T,nibhngngsquantrongqunichiarahaiphe:mtphe
CnLaovmtphekhngCnLao.PhekhngCnLaogmrtngsquanngicaccngphinhDuyDn,iVit,VitQuc,VitCch
vccgiophiCaoi,HaHo,hayngicaNguynPhctc.SsquanngonycoichDimlkthvngphicahb
nphocbtiudit.
QunicchnsonbbinhthcnbysondosquanCnggionmchcTlnh,mcdssquankhngCnggiovnchim
as.NhngsquanCnggiolBiDinh,NgDu,NguynvnThiu,LmvnPht,Binhm,LQuangTrng,NguynBoTr(lcha
kTrnThanhChiu,HunhvnCaovNguynThNhcngutnglTlnhSon).
Qunithiugsquanchuynmnhoccototccngnhchuynmntrongnchocxutthntcctrngngoiqucv,ckinh
nghimlunmtrongngnh,thmanhemngDimlitngLvnSmgichcGimcNhaQunc.QuytnhnythtschvngSm
lyemgiBcsLKhcQuynlmv,mbcsQuynlilthythucringcathnmungDim.ngSmnguynchlmtthmytu
chytrnsngngiminLctnh.SaucngNguynNgcL,lcangchhuyVitbinhon,emvHuchoiukhinbabnchic
thuynmy,chonkhingDimvnc,ngSmgianhpngCnLaovphcvclcchoquynlicangNgnhCnminTrung
nncCnvnngvingDimchovoSiGnchhuyngnhQunClmkinhtichonhNg.
Qucgiathiugnhnti,thiugnhngnhnvtxutthntccihcvmnkinht,tichnh,thngmi,lutphpgichcTnggimc
NhaHnhngnkthucBQucphng,mtchcvvcngquantrngctrchnhimquntriuhnhmtngnschlnnhtcaqucgia
nuidngtipliuchomtquniangtrongthikchintranh.ThmanhemngDimligiaochcvkhkhnvquantrongchong
NguynnhCn,nguynchlmtthktasthiPhpthuc,trnhvnhachcbngThnhchung,nghalbngTrunghcnhtcp.
SdngCncgichcvvnglngiCnggioQungTr,"BthngCnLaotiSiGn",lmkinhtichonhNg.
TicharavidnchngcthvnitingchothyanhemngDimchtrng"CnLaoha"qunisongsongvivic"Cnggioha"
cccpcngan,Tnhtrngmtinitrongmctrc.
Vchtrng"CnLaoha"cachDimchonnhuhtccsquankhngcntinhthnphcvna,khngthybinhnghipnhmtphng
thnggptchccvcnghachotncna.Hthinhgicchotondnhaychomtgianh,hysinhtnhmngchoqucgiahaycho
mtphenhm?
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mtphenhm?
KhngnhngtinhthnqunibsuynhcmcclclngbnqunscngmticikhthchngCngvhiunngtcchinchngli
lclngvtrangcaCngsn:
...SaungDimchotchccciNhndnTvnngthndoBQucphngbotrviscngtccangiM.Dnlngchun
luynqunsvccpphtvkhbovthnpdisiukhincasquanqunichnhquycamivng.Lcu,nhngiHng
VthtstiubiuxngngchomtonqunoenmngDimdtrxydngthnh"lclngnhndnchngCng",vtinhthnca
hthtngcangi.NhngkhinhhngcaCnLaoxenlnvo,khikhuynhhngchnhtr"tonb"cachbthayithtinhthnca
qunicngnhcanhndntanbinht,dohiunngcacciNhndnTvsplun.7
ThngphtnghimminhlyutbotontinhthnvklutcaquninhnganhemngDimliixviqunnhnnhtit,dngvic
thngthngbanphtnhuchonhnggiantrungthnhvimnhvngCnLaoCnggio.
Nhnvhnhthcthvicnghthngthnghngnmcvcngbngcntrnglm,nhngktqumikthngthnglmmthtngha
cacpbcvlmnibtsbtcng,nibtskhinhthnghthngqungiai.Milndanhschthngthngccngblmilntng
thmsbtmnvchngicasquanvhsquan.
Minm,NhaNhnvinBqucphngthnhlpmtHingThngthngdomtvtnglmChtchvbnsquancptlmhivinlo
victhngthngchocpittrxung(cncpTngthchnhTngthngDimvngNhuquytnhly).Bnsquancptgmcmtl
GimcNhaNhnvincnhimvtrnhbyhscnhncamisquanctiuchuncnghthngthng:ttrnhvnha,
xut thn t trng V B no, tu nghip nhng lp hun luyn no, thm nin qun v, thm nin cp bc, kh nng ch huy, chin cng, huy
chng,bngtnglc,sngybpht,liphimcacpchhuytrctiphailGimcNhaAnninhQunicnhimvtrnhbyvllch
anninh,ttngchnhtrvtinhthnphcvcamitrnghpbalTlnhqunbinhchnghaynvtrctipchhuycangs,hivin
nycnhimvsoisngHingvngtabitrthuccpcamnh,shindincuhivinnycngnhhivintht,mtsquanclp
cnlchnngsthiuvt,nuc,cavGimcNhaNhnvinvcaNhaAnninhQuni.Saumitrnghpctrnhby,cn
nhc,thmnh,Hingbphiuknlyktqu.DanhschlpxongckmtheobinbncaHingtrnhlnTngthng(saocho
BQucphngvBTngthammu).
Hnhthcnghthngthngtngihplvvt,nhngkhinghnhthngthngcbanracchkcaTngthngththngli
khngnkhpvibnnghcaHing,bthmbtrtnhiu.LdolvngoibnnghthngthngchnhthccaBQucphngcnc
nhngdanhschcaGimmcNgnhThc,cangNhu,ngCncnmtsthtgigmcartnhiulinhmckhpni.Vthngita
mithyhngnmtyphicangNhu,nginuiheochongCu,ngigcnhchocCha,...uthngcpvv,ulnlonTrungy,i
ydhchacmtthnhtchbinhnghip,chamtgitmhinotrnthaotrngcngnhmtgitmunochintrng.Nhnhiu
ngibitr,dichDim,ssquanvqunnhncbitphiphcvchoanhemngDim,chonhngtchcchnhtrkinhdoanh
ringtrtnhiu,chonnnhuphictrangtriranhiungi,mssquancthngcphngnmthlichntheobngcpsqui
nh.Do,ssquantiuchunccnvngcthngcpbgimthiuxungnhngchchoccsquangian.Clyvicng
Nhuphithinchoccsquanthuchthngbunluthucphincangta,vicngCnlybinhsxylngchongtacngthysthng
thngbtcngri.
TrongsutthigiancannnhtCngha,ccqunnhnccgichcvquantrngnhTlnhvng,TlnhSon,Tnhtrng,
Quntrng,v.v...udoNhaNhnvinBQucphngtrnhlnTngthng,vtiptheoTngthngchthchoNhaAnninhQuniiutrav
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Quntrng,v.v...udoNhaNhnvinBQucphngtrnhlnTngthng,vtiptheoTngthngchthchoNhaAnninhQuniiutrav
phtbiukin.
Thigianny,tingicnhimvlpphiutrnhlnTngthngxuynquaktquiutrathuthpc.TheochthcaTngthngthphiu
trnhcaNhaAnninhQuniphighirvgchtbngbthaimc.ltngiovaphngrrt.Nhngcnhiuskinxcthcnht
nhviccThiutngHunhvnCao,TlnhvngIVchinthut,itBiDinh,TlnhSon9Bbinh,itBinhm,TlnhS
on 7 B binh, v mt s s quan khc, mc d NhaAn ninh Qun i pht biu kin cc s quan cn thiu kinh nghim ch huy cc i n v,
nhngtrnphiutrnhPhtngthngtrv,tingicnnhbtphcaTngthngDimnh:"Myanhnyrtngoano.Thuntheonghca
NhaNhnvinBQucphng.("ThngtaThchTrQuang,QucgiahayCngsn",tiliucacuThiutCcAnninhQuniTrnNgc
GiangPhNDinn,s112,thng5/1993).
VchthngthngnhthchonnitLinhQuangVin,khingDimmivncthlitri,tnggichcTlnhmtqunkhu
rimsauminmitvnclit,tronglcThiutTrnNgcTm,taychnthntncaNgnhThcvnguynTnhtrngVnh
Long,thtnm1954nunm1958,cthngbacplnnThiutng.CnnhccngVnhLc,HunhvnTnvhngtrms
quankhc,khingDimmivncmangcpThiutmsaugnminmqunvchlncmtcpmthi,likhngchogichcch
huynvchinu.NgaynhtiNhaAnninhQunidochnhtitrchnhim,nm1958khitivchhuythThiutTrnvnKnhkhthm
ninmnunm1963micthngTrungt.iyThngmtrongngnhtnhbophngin,AnninhQunikhngmyaikhngbitl
mtngickhnngxutscvphngin,gichcchnhsmtqunkhu,ccngkhmphvtiuhyrtnhiucsbinhvncaVitcng,
lmtiythmnintthiquniqucgia,thmminmdichDim,iyThngchcthnglncmtcp.Tronglcths
quanCnLaokhpnithngquantinchclnnhdiu,minhnhlbangHunhvnCao,NguynvnChuvLQuangTung.KhingDim
mivncvothng7nm1954,Tungmiratrngkha14TrB,thmunm1963lnnit:tmnmlnsucp,mcdTung
chabaogithamgiatrnmcmlunlunHuvSiGn.
VanhemngDimxemvicthngphtsquannhcquyncnhnnhmbanphtnhuchogiannnbinhthng,danhdvqunk
caqunikhngcnna,chtoratnhtrngbtcngvganhghttrongquni,chonnngaytngDngvnMinh,ktnm1960tra
btmn.Ticnnhnm1960hay1961,khilmChtchHingThngthng,ngkhngstaivchmchrngkhituynbthnglcmi
bttayvovic:"CptrnchnhtilmChtchthtiphilm,nhngtibitrHingnychlmttrh.Dsaoticngyucuanhem
trongHingphilmtheolngtm,phihtscvtvviclmcachngta,chkcachngtavnmiminmtronghsluchiuca
quni".
PhphnvquniVitNamCngHa,giossgiaButtinger,ngitngymtrtiachongDim,cngnhphivit:
"KhngcnphilmtchuynvinqunscngthycrngQuniVitNamCngHachunluynsaibinhphpcacucchin
tranhngthi.ctchctheophngphpM,QuniVitNamCngHakhngpngcnhucukthutchomtcucchinni
dy.Saunm1960,mtscplnho(M)mihiurngchintranhdukchphiciphtheophngthcringcan,ritnhinnhiu
ngibnnscnthitphitchcnhngnvphndukch.Nhngngitachnglmcgnhiutrccungcchlnhochintranh
thiukhnngvvgitr.
LdochnhcasthtbitrongvicnguviVitcnglnhngiukinchnhtrcntrscitincaqunichochiunng.Crt
nhiuchngcchothyrngsquancngnhbinhlnhkhngaimunchtchocucchin.lhuqucavicngDimihiquniphi
trungthnhvingtamtcchmqung...Huhtnhngbnhimsquanlvldochnhtrmkhngmxagntnhtnhhaycthngminh
caccngs.NgaycnhngsquancaocptngtratrungthnhlunmvingTngthngcngcthchucvomnhsthtsng.Nu
htrangaythngvclngbinhsthchngnhnghschucvomnhsnguyhimmcnskhngcynthnnuhhngsay
227/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
htrangaythngvclngbinhsthchngnhnghschucvomnhsnguyhimmcnskhngcynthnnuhhngsay
nhgicvchpnhnnhngthithikhinhuiqunchbchy.Dinhngiukinthdnhngiqunthinchinnhtcng
khngcnlngdngcm,khngmunlpchincngna.Songvcngngomkhngc,tinhthnbinhsxungthpkhngth
tngtngcvsquanththiukhnngvthamnhng,binhsthkhngcchmscnnthnghayncpthcphm.
MtkhacchkhccacucchinlstratntnboiviVitcnghaynhngkchbtnhnghilVitcng.Stratntnhnhaylnhng
ngithngdnchmibnghingtngchoVitcngtrn,vshsttnhnlchuynxyrahngngynhngdtratnhaygitchc
cngkhngnhbicVitcng.NgayckhichchothitlpKhuTrMthaypChinLccngkhnggiithotcnngthnkhitay
Vitcng.VicxydngKhuTrMt,nhngthtritptrungtoln,phismbbibvkhngthchinni,nhngtrckhibibthchtrng
thtnhntmydnchngkhinichnnhauctrnlmchodnchngcmthchnhNgri.8
NhnnhcagiosButtingertuymtkhythctrngtiucccaquninhngvnchaisuvochnhnhngnguynnhntc
hiththmlnscmnhcaqunlc,nhngnguynnhnphtxuttuchphi,tnhtnhngomnvchnhschxemqunvdnmin
NamnhdngcmTrivChatraovotaymnhcaanhemnhNg.ChonnmulthmbicaSon13,vtrctrongsut
nm1960,quniVitNamCngHalintcnhnchunhngthtbikhctrnchintrng,luivthphngngccthvqunlmc
nngthncholclngqunschnhtrcaVitcngthaotng.
NhngthtbiqunsrrnglmttrongnhngyutlnyminNamVitNambcquamtkhcquanhmi,kotheonhngbinlon
muchossuytncachmkhngnhngchphnngcanhndnbchinrrngmcnlimTridtinhaykhngcng
bohiuvonm1960.
mGiaothaTtCanhTtritbngnicnum,mttrnmalnxungThSiGnvkodichongnsutsngmngMt.l
mthintngthinnhinllngmtheoccblothmychcnmquakhngbaogic.ThritrongkhianhemngDimhnhoann
nhnnhnglichctngcavnvnhthntrongdinhcLpthninhngxmnhlnghonn,dnchngbntnnciimTri.Hbo
nmnay"TrikhcvongymngMtTt"limkhnglnhsnviminNam.
TinhaykhngtinlmtchuynnhngivingidnVitNamthnhng"gitl"caTririxungngvongyNguynNhthnhnhlim
chnglnhbohiunhngbinctrngisxynsauny,lmbtgcnnmngchcangDimtrongnmCanhT(1960),nmtuica
vnguynthqucgia.BincchnhtrutinlbntuynngncanhmCaravellengy26thng4nm1960,bincthhailcucochnh
caNhydvongy11111960,bincthbalsraicaMttrnGiiphngminNamngy20thng12nm1960.Nhngmuttc
chuibinclcuctncngcaVitcngvoSon13,ngy26thng1nm1960.
Thtvy,vminNamtdocn,vkthphngBccnvtrctnhtrngsinhtcaquhngmchDimthlibttibtlc,bt
cngbtminhnnnhngphntutcaqucgia,dnscngnhqunsthcbnphnlnting,phichnhngphni.
Phacclnhtdns,vthclcbtanr,cnbngvincahbngDimvhiuhahtnnchcnkhnngphnngtiuccl
ginglntingchungcnhcovbong.HhihptikhchsnCaravellengy26thng4nm1960ratuynngncnhcongDimvi
ngDimphithchintdodnch,chmdtchgianhtr.Tuynhngihicahcvkhimtnnhnglilbntuynngnkhng
thiuphndngmnh.BnTuynngnbtubngnhnglichtrchngDimkhngemlichodnchngmtcucsngttp,tdo.H
mamaibnHinphpchlmttgiyln,Quchichlcngccachnhph,bucchltrbpbm,vttclmtsbtchckhunrp
theonncticaCngsn 9.Ttcgm18nhnvttntuitiubiuchomikhuynhhngchnhtrminNamnhccngLNgcChn,
TrnvnVn,Trnvn,TrnvnTuyn,TrnvnL,TrnvnHng,NguynLuVin,HunhKimHu,PhanHuyQut,NguynTngNguyn,
228/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrnvnVn,Trnvn,TrnvnTuyn,TrnvnL,TrnvnHng,NguynLuVin,HunhKimHu,PhanHuyQut,NguynTngNguyn,
NguynTinH,LQuangLut,PhmHuChng,TChngPhng,TrnLCht,LngTrngTngvlinhmcHvnVui.iucngha
quantrngltrongs18nhnvtktrncn10ngilcunnhn,ngch,bnthnvnhngBtrngtnghptcvingDim
thingchacquynhnhhaythingangcngpnhngkhkhnvitngHinhvBnhXuyn.VhnhmhptikhchsnCaravelle
tholunvtuyncbntuynngnchobochquctnnbngNhumamail"NhmCaravelle".SdhnhmhptiCaravellelanninh
hcbomkhibcnganmtvkhngbtrckhibntuynngnchnhthnhvphbinrngri.
Ttnhin,vichnhchcangDim,livngngccathnhnhncngkhnglmucngoanccaanhemhNgxcngthbn
tuynngncamtschnhkhchthtth(mNgnhNhuchbailchnhkhchsalng)lmsaocthlaychuynninhngconngic
on.Chonntsaukhibntuynngnrai,nhngthnhvincanmcanhmCaravellelnltbbtb,giamcm,tratn.
CnhndyrngQucgiahngvongthtphuhutrchchonndnhngnhnvttrongnhmCaravellekhnglmcgthvicarabn
tuynngnphnimtchcticnglmthnhngcakshutrchiviquhngdntcri.
Mcdtiquenbitkhnhiungitrongs18nhnvtCaravellenhngvicbangTrnvnL,TChngPhngvLQuangLutbkhngb
thtslmchotmhntixaoxuyn.Trongbanhnvt,ngTrnvnLlbcthycati,ngTChngPhnglmtngchnanh,
ngLQuangLutlmtngibnrtthn,vbanhnvtlilnhngnnhntnggipchongDimrtnhiutrnbcngs
nghipcangta,cbitlngLvngPhnggiptntnhchoanhemngDimthingDimcntngngholnn.
Vphnlnhochintranhvxydngquni,bntuynngncanhmCaravellecnhngnhnnhxcngvsngsut:
...Qunilcttrbovqucgiacnhimvchngxmlngvtrnilon.Qunilphcvchoxschkhngthphcvcho
quynlicabtkmtphenhmno.Qunicnphicloitrcbphivtngcngscmnhtinhthn.Sthngthngphiccn
cvothnhtchchinu,volngdngcmvtinhthnphcv.Phihunluynbinhsbitknhtrngsquanvsquanphibitthngyu
binhs...
VbochdichDimhocbmuachuchocbkmkpgtgaonnbntuynngncanhmCaravellekhngcphbinchodnchng
bit,nhngttcnhngTaisngoiquctiSiGncngnhkgiquctunhncbntuynngnvbtucbmtph
bintrongqunchngVitNam.DaingoancmunbnhvcchDimththctchothybntuynngnCaravellenhnhnglitintri
botrcsspcachDim.
VmcdanhemngDimbtbgiamcmnhmCaravelle,vukhngchohlxuyntcchnhngbacucbinhbinlintipxyratcui
nm1960ncuinm1963chothynhmCaravellevnhndnxcnhntrclchssbtmntondincaQundnminNamivi
chDimri.
Vphnti,vitcchmtcnbtrungkincangDim,vitcchchhuymtcquancnhimvtheodivbovtinhthnQuni,th
tnhhnhchDimnm1960lmchotivcnglou.Ngoinngthnthtnhhnhanninhungthi,trongQunithtrnngpbukhng
khchiarhnthvisongmingymtgiatng,scnbbinhvncaVitcngmingymtlnghnhtobohn.Tronglcthanh
emngDimmingymtthamnhng,cnbCnLaocnghnhngthtnhntmhn,cnngDimthvntiptcbnhvcanhembcon,
vncnghelimtslinhmcthintvhphi.Nm1960quthttncangtrnsuyvong,changtrnsp.Chonnsaukhi
bntuynngncanhmCaravellerai,ticmthynhcthcyphicmthnhngquytlitnhthccnmmuicangNg
nhDim,vTngthngmtivnknhmn,trungthnh.
229/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tinhlihainmvtrc,nm1958,trongmtchuynngNgnhLuyntPhpvthmnh,ngmimtsanhemmngcholtm
huyttrungthnhnhtvingDimnhTrungtngNguynNgcL,ThiutngLvnNghim,ccngUngHiTh,VvnHi,BiKinTn
v.v....vtivoChLnncmtrongmtcnphngknongtms.Ticnnhmilinithathit,chntnhtuythlcang:"Nuqu
anhemcnclngthngyu"ngC"thtithnhkhnyucuanhemhynmxung"limchn"ngCnhthngCao.ThngCaon"lim
chn"lnkimdanhli,cnanhem"limchn"ngClnithttnhhnhenticachchongnghemaychingmmtra".Nhli
nithlnhngchnthnhcangLuyn,tibnquytnhmimtsanhemtmhuytcngchhngnhLinhmcNguynvnThnh,ccng
NguynNgcL,TnThtTrch,BiKinTn,VvnHi,NguynVinh,UngHiTh...ttc10nginncmvhptinhtingTn
Hng,ChLn.Titrnhbymtcchchititvyvtnhhnhbithmcatnc,tnhhnhxungdccach,vkugilngtrung
nghacanhngcnbivilnht,ringhviChaThnhvccanhemlmmtbniutrnghinhngsailmkhuytimcach,mi
ngisktnricngvodinhcLpchthnbniutrnntntayngDim.Bniutrncngsghirngnusaumtthigiannht
nhnomTngthngkhngchusasaithanhemsbtchcthicangtangyxal"ciotquan"vkhct,xalnhkhngcoi
ngllnhtna.Mingiuhoannghnhkincativhntronglngplispti,mingimangtheomtdthoghilinhngngh
camnhtnghplmbniutrnchnhthc.
Nhnghaitunsau,ChaThnhntnnhchotibitrngcngvicbil,ngNhubithtvChaThnhbngNhugivovnphng
cnhco.TheoChaThnhthngNhutrartthghtti,ngimngcholhaysinhs,ngimngmuntrngphtnngnnhngcha
thihnhcckchvticngDimhtlngbnhvc.Sau,timmtcuciutraringthtmrarngsddnhlmbniutrn
bbilvmtsanhemquhngsayembnchuynbniutrnvimtsbnbtrongmcchlythmchk.Do,chuynntaing
NgnhNhu.ThrimtChnhtn,vokhongmigisng,saugilmlcagianhngDim,ticsquantyvinmivodinh
gpTngthng.Vonni,tithyhaianhemngDim,Nhuangnginichuyntrongphngring.Thyti,ngDimngngulnhilin:
"Nghenianhsinhvitng,tvithnphikhng?"TitnghxanayngDimvitinhiumrnhrangthytrthngmochuyni
khngquncpnchuynlsmngrtthchthvtintng.Nhohcngcaothmhntinhiu,ngcKinhDchchonnmilnhai
thytrbnnngy,phongth,dchllrttngc.Nhnglc,ngthnggigin,ngiyttrungthnh,emrulhaycph
haithytrcngungvbnbcchuynthsnhntnh.KhitngHvnTcht,nggiithchrtnhiuvbnhThngmphongnhct
chotibitrngngcngthnhthochuynphngthe,nhngringktlundsaothchuynchtsngcngudosmnh.Thmhmnay,
nglicmamaitivchuynTvi.Tuynhinthyngvanivammci,tionthmrngngkhngctrchmcmthtrachvng
Nhuxidc.TibntngktukchoNgnhNhumtbihcvlschovuinntrlivingDim:"Thac,clvanhem(timunni
nnhmCnLao)nghemythytviniscatils"sinhvitngtvithn"rihvbocochocvngCvnbitchtiudmngh
tichuynTngviThn".TilicnhnngNgnhNhuvnithm:"Thac,TngviThnlphinhTitNhnQuing.Mcd
xutthnlkbnhnhlunhngTitNhnQugpcvhtlngkhunphminhqunchncha,sngnglmnguynsoi,chtngtr
thnhvThnthingling.CntixutthnchlmmtanhikhxanhtheoClmcchmngchngTy,rinhnhauviCngsnmimy
nmtri,naylmnittitchollnlmri,cnunghnchuynThnviTng".ngNhubygimiboti:"Nhnganhkhngnn
innhthybibmhoc".
TiravvasuynghvathngngDimchvnngiemTyhcmtdilngmnh.LicithmchonhtrthcNgnhNhu,bngy
chnghanhnguckinthcthbgiamhmvotniuThinChagioTyphngthlmsaohiuccnnguyncanhngnno
hc ng phng. Ng nh Nhu lm g hiu c thuyt phc c ca o Nho, thuyt nhn qu ca o Pht, chi phi ton b ha phc con
ngi.khnghiu,ngNhulicnkhinhthngcchthngttngcanhngitritgiangphngcaosiuthmdiut25thktrc
msovikhoahcngynayvnlngnucrcrcmlnnhchnltrongkhikhoahchycnmmmtrnngdntichnly.Ng
nhNhuchmnhdtnt,mtn,doan,biton,cbiturngmnhrtghtbitonmchthchnghincuTvi,mnkhoahckdiuca
hc giTrn on iTng m n nay chng gii th c, nhng truy tm cn nguyn th cha c ai thng hiu ni. Ng nh Nhu c bit u
nghincuTvilmtthchitaonhvsuscbittabitngi,bitnhntnhththi.TronglcNgnhNhuchoTvilmtn,doanth
230/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nghincuTvilmtthchitaonhvsuscbittabitngi,bitnhntnhththi.TronglcNgnhNhuchoTvilmtn,doanth
tiVitNambitbaonhiuchnhkhch,lnht,trthcthucmitngio,mikhuynhhngvnnnhccthyTvitmhiutnglai,s
nghip.XutthnttrngChartres,lihcvngnhvnkhoaTyvnnngnvllunhcnnchbitkhaithcnhngphngphpnhquan
st,phntch,thnghim,quynp,dindch,thngk,tngtrnhtheokiuvnminhTyphng,lmsaoNgnhNhuhiucquannim"thi
vn"cals:"Cithiikhi,cigiicngvti".NgnhNhuqunrngnganhrutcamnhcticngumkhithivntivnclm
Tngthng,ngemmnhdtntqumamkhithivntivnlmlnhchaminTrungvminCaoNguyn...
Smng,thivncanhngnhlnhoqucgia,canhngvtngquclinhhaichiuvigingsinhmnhcatnc.ngNhucbit
uanhemngtanlchtthi,angtrnmtvn...
NmCanhT(1960),nhiubinctrngidndpxyranhbctranhchutcanhtboTdochdiusuanhemngDimthamnhng,c
khotnhbntuynngnCaravellecanhmnhns,chnhkhchilplnnnncticaanhemngDimnhcucthmbicaSon
13tiTyNinhvvicraicaMttrnGiiphngminNamlnhngthtbihthpuytncaNgtriutrcqucdnvquct.Chonnkhi
bntuynngnCaravellexuthin,nchnhlbncotrngttyuxcnhthmnhngcngcalchsangvnchuynbtunghin
ntnhngchngngixuxacadngtinha.
NhngnpvkhngbsaubincCaravellecngnhnhngbinphpchnhtrvcnganconhncpdngsau,chlmchosinh
hotchnhtrcaVitNamthmngtngt,sinhlccaqucgiathmsuyyu.ChDimtrnmtnituycvvngchc,nhngttronggcr,
mmmngbtmnbinthnhhnhngchngi,kcchngibngbolc.
Bagisngngy11thng11nm1960,tiangnhringtiChLnthchunginthoireovang.ukiainthoi,iyBng,ngis
quancnvtrungtnnhtcaTngthngDim,hthongni:"Chiitnvnoochnh?"Titrli:"Tichar,tiiutra,ris
trnhCsau".
KhibitclclngNhydtocucbinhbin,tibngivoDinhthukiadychnhTngthngDimcmngnghe.Tini:"ThaC,ti
chabitychititnhngbitchcNhydllclngchlccacucochnh.DsaothxinCcralnhchoiPhngvPhtng
thngliuchtgivngdinhcLpritisckhochcuvin".ngDimhi:"Anhckhochg?"Titrli:"XinCchogingayLclng
cbitcaLQuangTungv,phntisgingiemliyNhLunemTiuon1Truyntincngvtngcngchoqunphngth
dinhcLp.TicngsgiTrungonThitgipGVpvtngvinthqunochnhkhmxmnhpcvoDinh.Giaion2thxin
CchogiHunhvnCaovson7BinHavgiivythnh,cntisgiTiuon1ThyqunLcchindochutilNguynB
LinangchhuycuchnhqunKinHavphlcthm".Ticnnithm:"ThaC,cubinhnhcuha,Tmthinhvyristnh
sau".ngDimimlngmtchtridcti:"cri,anhvongayy".
hn6gisngthemtiNhLunvchurtiliyChuvnTrungkoTiuon1TruyntinvmtphncaLclngcbitvb
trsutdccnhtridinhcLpsongsongvingHngThpT.(SdLuncthmLclngcbitlvTiuon1truyntinvLc
lngcbitcngchungmtvtrsaulngBTngthammu,chcchnhaumthngrokmgaiLunrtthnviTungmTungthvng
mt).CnTrungonThitgipGVpdoThiutThmNghaBichhuy,khinghelnhti,lintctcanvlnng.KhnniBib
TrungtVngvnng,lnhtcucochnhcngvitngLvnTchthnncnccaTrungonkhuyndBitheopheochnh,
haibndngco,civlmchoBimtrtnhiuthgi.thkhionxecaBiingangnhTrungtngThiQuangHongtrnngNg
nhKhicnbnvNhydngy(bttngHong)cntr,lmchoTrungonthitgipmiti9gisngmivotikhunvin
dinhcLp.DsaothbinhsphngvPhtngthngcngchnngcttncngutincamttiuonNhydri,vgiphtny
cthmlclnghnghucaThitgip,ngDimthyvngtmhnrtnhiu.
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tiphiniryrngvphngdinquns,vicbovthdoTrungtngThiQuangHong(hinM)TlnhBitkhuThph
trch.DiquyniungcangchcmtTrungonBbinhlTrungon135.NhngTrungonnycnphilocanhgcnhiunivng
cngkhngcmtlclngtrbnoc.ThyqunLcchinvNhyd,nhnglclngmtrungtngHongcthiungckhith
cbin,thThyqunLcchinbnhnhqunxa,cnNhydthliangllclng"phnlon"!
TrnkianivtinhthnqunithqunnhnhuhtubtmnvichDimvsnsngphtnghocthamdochnhbtclc
no,chonnngaytunm1960,tixinviTngthngDimphitNguynXunVinhvKhcMai(hinhingoi)chhuyKhngqun
vThmNghaBichhuyTrungonThitgipnmgilylclng"canthip"(forcedefrappe)phngkhicochnhhocbinlondo
Vit cng gy ra. Nguyn Xun Vinh, Khc Mai vThm Ngha Bi l nhng cng s vin, nhng ng ch thn thit ca ti t thi cn Nha
Trang.Nhngsngngy11111960,BithiungcTrungonvcuvin,cnVinh,TlnhKhngQun,thbnhmlnhtochnh
btvpheochnh.Sngngy12thng11nm1960VinhmitrncxungcncKhngqunBinHaiungphicphngphoym
trchonhngnvBbinhgiicuSiGn.
ClnhtnhhnhtmthilngduvbitrcchnhtiarakhochchngochnhnnngNgnhNhugiinthoichotihi
thmtintcribotivoDinhngay.Tinghthmgn5nmri,nayNhumicnhnglimduvimnh.Phichngtrccnnguybincon
ngimithyclmnhyuuikhngphilthnhthng,nhcpdcmclimithyctcchnnhncaconchutangcnt
mnglichomnh.TitrlingNhutichogichutilNguynBLinvlinlcvitngLvnNghim,chhuytrngtrngVbTh
c,risvoDinhngay.
Saukhilinlcvdndkkhochvimini,tibnlnxevoDinh.Nhngtrnngvodinh,vmunquansttnhhnhNhaCngan,tib
ltvomtntchncaNhydngThnhThi,gntrngPtrusK,vbbtgiamtiimgctrccngtdinhtngNguynvnL,
TnggimcCnganCnhst.Tibgit9gisngngy11chontrahmsaumicmttonquncmtcaNhaAnninhQuni
datheotinquncaBbinhngiithot.
3gichiungy12thng11nm1960,tivodinhcLpvnanTngthngDim.TithychungquanhngcngNhu,Phtngthng
NguynNgcTh,tngDngvnMinh,vmtsBtrngnhTrnLQuang,NguynnhThun,HunhHuNgha,NgTrngHiu,...ngoi
racncbcsTrnvnThmcotreillisngimtgcphng.Khithuclvnhngtingnicinotrnngpccnphngcmyiu
hakhngkh.TngthngDimbotiklicuchuynbNhydbtchongngheringNhugiithiuchotibcsTh,khoerngbcsTh
khngnnguyhimlmlinlcvingiadinhcLpviitTrnThinKhimPhLm.(CnglaobcsThchlnhthmmiba
ngysau,14111960,ngccgichcTnggimcNhaThngtinTuyntruyn).TronglcnhngnhlnhoQucgiavuicitrccn
cthngthnhmlnhtochnhlnphicDakotadoiyPhanPhngTinli,trcchPhnomPenhxintnnchnhtr,bttheoctng
ThiQuangHonglmcontin.
ThmTngthngDimxong,tixungtngdiththytngNguynKhnhangloviciungbtrccnvbovThphng
Vitcngtha"nccbungcu"tkchSiGn.
Cngvotingy12thng11nm1960,Quchihpphinhpbtthng"thokhochanninhdnglnTngthng",vsnghmsau,
mtybanNhndnChngoChnhraitphpmtscngchcvdnbiukondinhcLphoanhchomngTngthngDim
nh"Thngbanphclnhmnnkhitaiqua" 10.iuquinlmcdngNhuralnhchongLvnThi,phtcabcsTrnKim
Tuyn(hinSanDiego),mitithamdvoybanchngochnhbtiquytlittchi,thmvnctntitrongdanhschcayban.
232/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CucochnhcaNhyd,theolituynbcaitNguynChnhThi,lqutngmtchthintcagianhhNgmtluqun
ivnxemlthnghchmkhngdmhmi.Cucochnhcnglmtchittpmqunivnmongchtrtnicmhncamnh,
trthchoccchinhuhysinhvranhcchoqucdn.Cucochnhcngnhdumtduchmhtchotrangsnhccanh
Ng.CngtheoitThituynbth"MNhulngiphndnhinc,chnhngbongcchlmri".CnTrungtVngvnng
ihiTngthngDimphi"Tuynbuhng,giitnChnhphvthnhlpmtChnhphQunNhn".Vngvnngcnnhnmnh
thm"KhngthmtbnimtrongdinhcLpc".11
Trongcucochnhngy11thng11nm1960,ngoiqunilchlcdonhngsquantrxutscnhVngvnng,NguynTriuHng,
PhanTrngChinh,PhmvnLiu,NguynHuyLi,...cncnhngtchcdnsnhLinminhDnch,MttrnQucgiaonkt,Lclng
NghiponcangBiLngvnhiunhnvtthucccngphichnhtrkhcnhccngLVinh(ngDuyDn),PhanBCm,Nguyn
BoTon(HaHo),VHngKhanh,XunTng(VitQuc),...cmu,"MttrnQucdnonkt"dovnhoNhtLinhNguynTngTamv
ccngPhanKhcSu(Caoi),NguynThnhVinh,TrngBoSn(VitQuc)lnho...Ttcchngtrmnhnvtchnhtrdnsidin
cho cc ng phi trc tip hay gin tip tham d cc cuc o chnh ca Nhy d. "Mt trn Quc gia on kt" ca vn ho Nht Linh Nguyn
TngTamcnlinlcvicchaT,cchaHin,cclinhmcnhChaOnh,ChaVui,ChaLc,ChaPhin,..."MttrnQucdnonkt"
chthcholclngcaMttrnsnsngnidycpchnhquynccaphngmtkhitiSiGnlclngquniltcch
Dim.
TiQungNam,MtcnbcpcaocaVitQuclngDuyNghalmsnbiHchkhicpcChnhquynthstungrakugiton
dnnglncunc,nhngchngmaycucochnhbtthnh,biHchbchnvitrongbngticabmtchominsaungy1111963,
biHchmicphbin.TicmtngchcangDuyNghalngLNguynLong(hinsngtiHoaK)traolichomtbnsaocabi
hchny,xinghiliynhmtsliulutruyn:
Hyngln,nglnnhvbo,
Rngnghinrng,taynmcht,vungtrn,
Mtlongln,hngkhngpkhnggian,
ChoinglnhththamtnCn,Dim.
Vncnhtaygiycngtutkim,
lelnChnhnghacanonsng,
lelntnhonktnhitnng,
MunmuscqucgianonncVit.
Hinhngai,nhngconngikhtit,
233/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
angtrongthayaukhtrmchn,
Haykhutthnsngtmbnhcnhn,
Hyngdygivinhquanglmtrn!
Nhthc,mangun,chpsm,
Nhoinmtvtrhmnay,
Hpmennngcchmngmucungsay:
Xa"Stt"ngynayta"Stch".
Himuntimlngnghelitruynhch:
NcditvongvCngsnbotn,
NcnguyvongvlDimthamgian,
Gynghingngactuynamnh.
Muntim,muntimcngnhaustcnh,
pphngphngchngngilsilang,
cngnhautrongcchmnghuyhong,
Cngxydngmtchnhquyn"VDntc",
Mt"ChnhquynCngbc"
Vi"Tdo,Dnch"cnucao.
NgoicclclngnitrncncbcsPhanQuann,lnhtkhiTdoDnchcitNguynChnhThimitrctipthamdcuco
chnh.CngnhitThi,BcsnlniphtthanhSiGncbncotrnglnnnngnchtrngctiphndnchcach
NgnhDim.
TuylngdnchnmivltchDimlmtviclmsngtchnhngha,nhngsmngvthivncangDimchatihichungcuc
chonncucochnhbtthnh.
Thtra,sthtbicanhmThingkhngphivcSon7,Son21,TiuonThyqunLcchin,TrungonThitgip,Tiuon
Truyntin,hayTrngTrbThc...kovcunguychongDim.Biv,ngnhtngTrnvnntrong"OurEndlessWar"nhnnh,
234/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Truyntin,hayTrngTrbThc...kovcunguychongDim.Biv,ngnhtngTrnvnntrong"OurEndlessWar"nhnnh,
lclngochnhvnddnglmcdinhcLpviphobinhvthitgipcah,ngoirahcncthsdngkhngqunnuhmun,v
trongKhngqun,ngoiNguynCaoKracnhiusquanbtmnvichDim.Nhngphnvtronglctinhnhcucochnhcs
chiarnibgiaThivng,phnkhc,vlphnquantrngnht,vlnhtochnhthiucngquytvkhngckhochhuyngqun
chnglmhuthunchnhtr.Ngoira,imquantrnghncphikn"khnhck"cangDim,cngnhskinmtnhnvinCIAlng
Miller(hinSanJose)thuytphcngnntmngngcuctncngingDimthngthuyt,nhvyngDimcthgigiquncu
vinvSiGnvlmnnlngnhngiqunochnh.
CucochnhcaNhydlmtvbinhbinxyrabtngchocanhemngDimlncngiM,nhngngNhuthliquytonmtcch
cngkhairngchnhHoaKchxngcuctophn.(TuynhincngphighinhnrngisHoaK,ngDurbrow,vTlnhphibvin
trM,itngMcGarr,cmthybinc11111960khngphivchvhhyvngrngncthginglntingchungcnhtnhngDim).
NhngtisaongNhulicquytchongiMlthphmchmngicucochnh?Thmibanmsau,nm1963,timihiucth
oncavchngNgnhNhumtisnitimtchngsau.
CucochnhNhydnm1960cnhiusschghichp,cbitlcunBinC111160donhiunhnchngthamgiavonhiubin
cnyngghili(cluchiutinhiuThvinHoaK).y,timunghithmmtsgiaithoihaybnmtithulmc,vitramongc
thsbchchonhngnhvitssauny:
ThnhtlcuchuynvitTrnThinKhim,TlnhSon21,angngMThovcngDimgivcugp.ngKhimem
qunvnPhLm,cangcathnh,vokhong6gichiungy11ridngli.TheomtssquanthucngiVitdiquyn
ngKhimklithngkhngthtlngmuncungDim.ngKhimvnngitni,tnhtnhthmtrmvtlucthibtmnvich
CnLaomcdngvnctrngdng.
ChonnkhivnPhLm,ngKhimcntrnglngnhtnhhnh,thyqunochnhkhngbitthchinkhoch"tcchintcthng"
vcuctncngbkhngli,tclNhydnmphnthtbiri,ngbnivngvphengDim.Nhngsaucucochnh1111
1960,ngKhimcanhemngDimcoinh"nginh",thnglntngvgiaochochcvquantrnglThammutrngQunidi
quyntngLvnTkimsotvnmgiquni.Nhngdcmuachuc,thmtmngKhimvnkhngbaogithnphcnhNg.
tlungKhimlngithntnbmtcaM.
VicthhailtrnghptngHunhvnCao.Caolmtsquankhngckhnnggngoitikholonnhb.NhlngiCnggiomli
lthCnggioPhCam,thngmndanhcMmhocanhemngDimnncngDimcoinhconchuruttht,btngCao
lnthtmaucthgichcTngthammutrngqunithayitngLvnTtrongchnhsch"Trngngi",chnhschCnggioha
nhn dn v qun i min Nam. Khi ng Dim mi v nc, ng Cao ch mi mang cp i y tm thi ri nhThi Quang Hong lp chin khu
ng,saingCaoilinlcvidinhcLp,tngnndanhnnphn.VoSiGn,vngLuynauchnnnngCaoyxelnchongta
idomtvphcvchonhngLuynnhmtgiabc,nncthngThiutvgichcThammutrngBitbPhtngthngthayth
choitang.avny,ngCaoymtcnbtrungkintngnggptinbcvnhiuphensngchtchongDimthiphongtro
CngvthingDimgpkhkhnviBnhXuynlThiutNguynVinhrakhiTiuonDanhD.ngCaomnviccitTiuon
DanhDthnhraLonLinbinhPhngvPhtngthngnghabconlTrungtNguynThNh,ngiCnggioPhCam,vthay
chcaVinh,dvkhnngquns,cNhlnVinhuxutthnliKhthiPhpthucnhnhau.NhngNguynThNhmichhuy
Lonc3,4thngthbbinhsLontcolthamnhngvtcphongbbinnbctchc.SaunyTrungtNguynNgcKhi,ngi
CnggioQungTr,vgichcTlnhLonPhngvPhtngthng(NguynThNhvNguynNgcKhihinangcmttihingoi).
CnngNguynVinhnhnthyngDimlngivtchanhbv,tkhngbaogigplingDimna.(Nhngnhnvthingoihinnay
nhngVNhNguyn,TnThtTrch,itPhngNgcTrng,ngTrnvnHngvbcsBiKinTnubitrcnglaovsnghipca
235/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhngVNhNguyn,TnThtTrch,itPhngNgcTrng,ngTrnvnHngvbcsBiKinTnubitrcnglaovsnghipca
NguynVinhthingDimcnhnvisacthtth).
Vtrnhvnha,ngCaochcbngtiuhc,cnvqunsthchabaogichhuymtnvdchlmtTrungi.Chonnm1954,v
thiusquannnngCaocitTrngvnXngchochhuymtTiuonKhinhqunangthhuntiNinhHa(KhnhHa).Mcdtiu
onngngaygiathnhphnhngngCaochoTiuonbVitcngtpkchthnhlnhlmtanntcTiuon,vvyngbtngHinh
arata.NhngnhcThiutHongPhcHiNhaTrang,mtthuchthntncatngHinhcanthipnnngcmintvchbct
chcmthi.
ngCaolngictilenlitrongccngngchcathithchonnngyNhydochnhngDim,mcdangchhuySon7ng
BinHachcchSiGn30cys,mminsngngy12,nhtngNghimthcgiclmvkhithyNhydyuth,ngCaomitinqun
vth.Lclngochnhthtbi,ngCaotrnnanhhnggiiphngth.TinghiphaingDimNhu,3nmsaungytonqun,ton
dnthtsltchhaingvncntintngvoa"connuiHunhvnCao"anglTlnhQunkhuIV.Hcngurngnam1
111963,ngCaouhngcchmngdngvncnhaisonditrng,cnccmtgiangsnrnglnnumuncthdnglm
"tBaThc"choanhemngDimnngthnhutubinhmimingytrli"trungnguyn".Titr,cngnghipcangHunhvnCaonh
thmnhm"CnLaoCnggio"cangingCaonhmtthinti...
VicthbaltrnghpcaThiutCnggioLNhHng(hinsngCalifornia).KhixyracucbinhbinNhyd,HnganggichcTnh
trngKinHa.KinHalcncavngchccaCngsnnitingtnm1940khiXyNambCngsnngdngkhinghachng
chThcdnPhp.VKinHabtan,nguykchnnTiuon1ThyqunLcchindochuvtilNguynBLincbitphivKin
Hahnhqun.
TngthngDimbitrthnphLinlngNguynBMuvcnghotngtrongphongtroCng,chonnLinrttrungthnhviTng
thngDim.Khinhnclikugicati,NguynBLinvitphpTiuonvSiGncungDim.NhngLinbTnhtrngLNh
Hngcntrkhngchoquaphquasng,khngchoqunxasdng.Haibncicxxtnhbnnhau.Cuicng,vkhngcs
dngphngtinquni,LinbnthuthuynvxednsdichuynTiuonvSiGn.VscntrcaHngchonnmin2gi
sngngy12thng11,Tiuon1caLinmicmttiBnBchng.
KhingDimlmThtngvbtngNguynvnHinhchngithHnglngvinng"Con"cangHinhanggichcTlnhThy
qunLcchin.TngHinhrai,ngDimctchcHngvHngbtheodimtthigian.Nhngtlusau,ttcngvin"Con"coCng
gionhHnguc"phchidanhd",ctrngdngvthngcpmauchng(chnghnnhBiDinh,taychnthntncatngHinh,
tnglniphtthanhquninm1954cngkhaimtstThtngNgnhDim,thmDinhvncthngcprtmauvcngDim
giaochochhuymtsonvBiDinhlngiCnggioPhCam).
ClLNhHngcngkhngcphnbingDimkhicntrNguynBLin,chngquaHngsvngTiuonThyqunLcchinthKin
Hasbnguykch.NhngHngqunrngvibicnhngy11thng11nm1960thdTnhKinHacmtvotayVitcngcngcnhnTh
SiGn,avTngthngcangDimvchCnLaorivotaybn"phnlonNhyd".Chonndvtnhhayc,viccntrNguyn
BLinmangqunvSiGnlmchoLNhHng,trcmtngDim,mangtiphnlon,tiptayqunochnh.PhngthsaukhiNhy
dthtbi,timangtmahnmtnhbnCnLaotcohnhngphnbicaHngvingDimthHngbngDimyraCno
nhsphncacclnhtvBinhbinri.NhngchngnhngHngkhngbtrngphtmquahthngCnLao,HngcncTngthng
DimthuynchuynvSiGn,thngcpTrungtvgiaochochcvcnthnlThammutrngBitbPhtngthng.
VicthtltrnghpcabNgnhNhu.Ngy12thng11,saukhitivnanTngthngDimxongnhnitrnkia,bnxungtngdi
236/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VicthtltrnghpcabNgnhNhu.Ngy12thng11,saukhitivnanTngthngDimxongnhnitrnkia,bnxungtngdi
ghthmtngNguynKhnhangloiungbtrnhngnvquniphngVitcnglidngcnhrilonmtpkchSiGn.Va
nni,tithybNhuvtngKhnhangtotingcinhauno.TichcnnhlitngKhnhnivibNhu:"ytichhuychkhng
phib,bhyichkhctilmvic".NixongtngKhnhgchaichnlnbntvkhinhbbNhuramt.TithybNhumttcgin,
quayngithtnhanhriblnlu,vaimingvalmbmnhnggkhngr.Ttnhin"RngCi"(dchchDragonLadycakgingoiquc
gnchobNhu)phiginlmbivlnutintrongcuciuyquynttnhcab,bbmt"anhkaki"khinhmittrcmtrtngbinhs
vnhnvindnchnh.CchcatngKhnhlmchoticmphcvhilngvtheotibittrongtriunhnhNg,ngoitrPhtngthng
NguynNgcThthngtvlnhm,cnBtrng,dnbiu,trthc,linhmcclinhviNgTriuukhpnp,cimnhtrcnht
phunhn.Ngaycchngvnganhchnglvnguynthqucgiamcnphichulybnhtivstrnhbythm,thmk"Vbin"
NguynKhnhlidmsngsxuauibichkhc.
SaukhibNhulnlurithbThiQuangHong(hinM)vodinhcLpihichnhphbngmicchemchngbtPhnomPenh
vliVitNam.BHonglam,trchchnhphvqunikhngbovnichngbbnhmlnhtochnhbttheolmcontin.C
lvnghetngdinotingnb,bNhulitrxung"snkhu",thlmtmnukhuxyragiahaimnhphmcnhnthnggil
th"phnhnnanha",thnb"dcmytay".TikhngcnnhnguynvnlibNhuntbHong,nhngiltisaolidmhuynno
trongdinh.BHongbnxngtitrcmtbNhumhi"Nuchngbbbtnhchngtithbclohonglnkhng?",bHongcnnitip
"Nuchngticmnhhgthtilmlonlnchobxem".BNhukhngngligpphichthkhngvannliblnlu,vaimingli
valmbmnhnggkhngaingher,nhngchclangtnhktrngtrnhngkthuccpdmcoithngb.
TngThiQuangHongthicnlThiut(1954)ccngulpchinkhungPhanRangchngtngNguynvnHinhnghTh
tngNgnhDimnncnhNgcoinh"Khaiquccngthn".TngHonglintipchhuyQunkhuI,QunkhuII,riQunkhuTh
vinhimvcbitlbovthnhtrTngthngDim.ChngmayNhyd"lmlon",avngDimchlunglay,lithmbvmngnhic
bNhuchonnsaukhithnhyncnbot,tngHongbthtsng,bilnLtgichcvchhuytrngTrngihcquns,mt
chcvngichixincchonngychDimsuyvong.
TngThiQuangHonglngitninhngkhphchvcantrng.ngcmtctnhhimhoilkhngbaoginixuaivicptrn.Thi
quntnhiukhivlcaThiQuangHonglmchotngLvnTphibcmnh...
TiquenbitThiQuangHongtngychngticnliy,HonglmtrngphngBa,tilmthammuphchoVitbinhon.Lcbygi
ticmphcHongrivtrnnibntngcvngtadmsvmtTrungtngiPhpanggichctrngphibquns,cvn
choTrungtNguynNgcL.KhihaytinngDimcQuctrngBoiclmThtng,tianghclptrungontrngHNi,bit
ngDimsgpnhiukhkhnvitngHinhnntigithvPhanRangchoHongyucunghngDim.Hongtrlichoti:"Sn
sng".Sauny,khingDimbtngNguynvnHinhchngi,tinghviitNguynNgcLlpchinkhuchngliPhpvtng
Hinhnhnitrckia.LvHonghontonng,riHongkoqunlnnilp"Chinkhung"...T,L,Hongvtitrnnnhng
ngchthitcthtlngnghngDimmcdLvHongkhnggianhpngCnLao,cntilmtngvinkcunhngbngt
nm1956khibnhmlinhmcNguynSPhanRangbocovingNhutiphhoiCnggio.
TngyHongvgichcTlnhQunkhuTh,vcchungbnphnbovthnhtrch,bovngDim,chngtithnggpgnhau
nhiuhntraoitintc,tholuncckhochgignanninhchothnhtrnphngdinquns.Nhngchcngngycngsavoh
tilinnnhiukhichngtigpnhaumchcnbitnhnnhauthanth,cmthytmlngsonstcamnhivingDimkhngscchng
chinivimtchangsuytnmnguynnhnchnhliltngDimvnhmCnggioCnLaocah.
CuchuynthnmlvVvnHi,ngiChnhVnphngcbitcangDim.HitheongDimthicnrttr.Hicmtngiemrut
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CuchuynthnmlvVvnHi,ngiChnhVnphngcbitcangDim.HitheongDimthicnrttr.Hicmtngiemrut
lVLng(hinsngPhp)cnghotngchongDimbncnhngNgnhLuyntthingDimcnPhp.HaianhemHi,Lnglcon
cacnV,mclbnthncangDimtthilmquanchoNamtriu.Tuynhin,trongthigianngDimcmquyn,cnVngngoi
chnhtrng,xalnhchnhtrsngndttiLt,chloluitichnthinmn.
TronghngngnhngngitheongDim,cthniHilngitrungthnhnht,knhyungDimnhcharutcamnh.Tuynhin,Hicm
thramtGimmcNgnhThc,haivchngNgnhNhu,NgnhCn,vnhmCnLaoCnggiomHichochnhlthphmphhoi
chvlmhithanhdanhcangDim.
Ngy111160,trccuctncngcaNhyd,tronglcnhngkthngkhuamikhoekhoangltrungnghauchytrnhtthHikhngngi
giannguy,mangthnnc"vohanghmgpchoccp".HigpVngvnngvNguynChnhThi,nhnglnhtcacuco
chnhvimcchthathitxincumngchovlnhtcamnh.Gpng,Hithngthuyt:
"TingviclmcaTrungt,dinhcLpkhngthchomtbnimc.Nhngtronghoncnhhinti,kodicucchinuch
clichoCngsn.TixinlmtrunggiangiangDimvTrungt,tmgiiphpnthacthtrnhcslidngcaCngsnvng
thipngcihicaphenidy.GiiphpnycthltmthigingDimlilmidinqucgia,khngquynhnhphp,gtb
gianhNhuvCnrakhichnhtrngVitNamvcitchnhph".12
Hilnginmvngvnmknhngbmtqucgia,nhngbmtthmknnhtcaanhemgianhhNg,nhngbmtkhninhtca
nhiutriuthnnhNg,nhiutaychnctcntrongngCnlaoCnggio,chonnHithyrtrbmtxuxa,dbncach,vthnn
Hithngtraut,bunphin,gindi.
BcsBiKinTn(hinLosAngeles)vtilsngchthitcthimhoicaHicnstli,chonnmilntivodinhcLp,saukhigp
Tng thng thng gh qua phng ca Hi v cng vi bc s Bi KinTn ba anh em to nh th thm bn chuyn d hay ca ch . Hi cho
chngtibitnhiuchuynbicangThc,cabNhuvcanhiunhnvttaitomtlnkhc.Himthmlphscanhngngilmhi
ch,nhiuhstimtckmcbnghnhtangchng,chnhticngkhngngHichongitheostbNhunth.Cltmlngtrung
cannghakhcaHiivingDimtochoHicch,ctilmthmt.Hikhngcmtnhugkhcngoinglnghngthng,
lithngbngDimlarygtgngnhngkhngbaogiHibunphin,trilitrcsauvnmtlngthngyucungknhngDim.
SaucucochnhNhyd,gpnhngbnthnnhBiKinTn,nhti,Hilobunni:"Phplkhngnhailn.Nucnochnhthnht
nhtinmnhkhngvodinhcLpna.SmnhngTngthngcoinhanbiri,chnykhnglmsaocncthcuvnc
na".Higingliha.Ngycchmng11163,mcdTngthngchogiHinhiulnnhngHibytquytlitthicamnhbng
cchnhtnhkhngvoDinh,khnggpTngthngDimna.CllcbygiTngthngDimnghingHiphnbi,ngcbiturng
Hinmnhkhcsutmyngylin.CphithkhngBcsBiKinTn?.
Mynmsau,Hitrlihotngchnhtr,rangcDnbiuqun3trongnhimkhaicaQuchinhCngha.HilychndungngDim
lmbiutngchocuctranhcnhngthtbi,chthulmcchn5%phiu,tronglcnhngktngchngingDimnhTrnvn
Tuyn,LQuChungv.v...lithngcvvang.Hichquantngrngnhndnvncnluyntic"ngC"quavicnhmCnLaocngkno
(mHikhngbaogithamd),cnivilngngiminNamthhnhnh,snghip"ngC"phaim,chcnlicuchuyn"mtthivang
bng".BygiHitnhmng,bncngvibNguynPhci,ngLQuangLut,ngThiLngNghim,nhngnhnvtchnhtrtntuica
SiGn,vhptcvitngDngvnMinhvinhchngliNguynvnThiuvtponCnLaoangnhThiumtisinhmamay
quaycunglmchlchuthunchoThiu.
238/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
quaycunglmchlchuthunchoThiu.
TigpVvnHinm1945tiChLn,tinginhs2ngArmandRousseau,ningDimvngLuyntrngkhiticngNgnh
KhivccngchHugivoSiGntheongDimvlinhmcNguynSngHuntipKNgoiHuCnghihng.Nhng
vnncnitri,KNgoiHukhngv,ngDimbVitMinhbtcmt,thytranhemtnlonmingimingtngkhngbaogicnc
ngyting.Nhngricaingchngtilivncnchitrngphng.Quhngsaubaolnthayngiich,ngDimtrlichnhquynlnh
oqucgia,chngtimngthmnghrngltngtccdpphngstncquhng,khngngngDimthi"Tngthnguy
quyn"khchnvingDimthi"chslaoao".
Baonhiumngpcachngtiutantnh,riminNamrivotayCngsn.SaungyCngsnchimminNam,Hittinmnhlngiyu
nclisngchtviquhng,khngchurailmkluvongbitx.KhitivitnhngdngHiknythHibbnhchtqunh.
AitnglngchviHi,trikviHilikhngganborutthttrccnhngngcaycamtngitrungcangnghakh,tnggpc
minhqunainglirivotaymtgianhbocha,tiangkhcVvnHiyngbngiBiKinTncatii!
CuchuynthsunivchnhTngthngDim.Ngy111160,quasvnngcaVvnHi,catngKhnhvvistnngcatng
L vnT, ng Dim ng viTrung t Vng vn ng l s gii tn chnh ph hin hu thnh lp mt chnh ph "Lin hip qun dn".
NhnglicamktcangDimclongtrngtuynbtrniphtthanhkmtheonhtlnhcatngT.Nhngkhisnggiquarithng
Dimlinutnhngliha.Nucucochnhlmchongmtrtnhiuuytnththithiuthnhtncanglicnglmchodanhd
cangspthm,trongqunicngnhngoinhndnvtrcquctkhincckgingoiquccnhclimi.
Tkhicmquynngthngarakhuhiu"thnhtn"nhmtbomchcnchchoquannim"ctr"cangtrongviclnhoqucdn.
ngcntquchuyltittrctmh,lycytrclmbiutngtramnhlngichnhnhnqunt,thmhmnayngcngkhaiv
rngrituynbcngngborichnhnglithttnkhnggiliha,chonnkhngkVitcngvnhngkilpchnhtrvingcchi
phntuyntruynmchnhqunivnhndn,sau,cngmamainglmtkocgi,bttn,btngha.Phbnhthithiu"thnh
tn"cangDim,ngNguynThi,mtcucngthnnhNgvit:
"...PhngthngDimctaralihachvphingtrcshmdacaqun"phinlon"risaukhiynnsnutlihathhnhng
cngnguyhimchohnhnhmtNgnhDim,"ngihngkhngbits,ngitonho".Bivtrongtiuscangtavtheotonbcng
cuctuyntruyncachnhphthngnhnmnhrngngDiml"ngikhngbaogibits".TheovnphngbochcaPhtngthnga
rathkhilmtnhncaHChMinhbhmdabicicht,ngDimvntracngnh,khngsbtkcig.ngDimnivihH
"Hynhnmtti,tikhngphilngibits".13
(ngThichorngnhnglingDimthchthcngHChMinhnm1946lnhnglibattuyntruynmthi,khngphilstht).
GandnhthsaohmnayngDimlicthikhipnhctrclclngphnloncanhmThing.CngtheongNguynThith...
TrongcucochnhNhyd,chngnhngngDimnutlimngcnphnliligiohuncacKhngTmngthngcatng,thuyt
ging.Nhthtclc"thnhtn"mngthngkhuyndnVitNamnntnthkhngcchnhngayningta.14
SbttncangDimcngchcgiNguynHinLnngliphphn:
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"...khitithycucTrngCuDnltBoictnhcchrrnglgianln:SiGnChLnchnghn,c605.025ngibuchong
tatrongkhisctrighitnchc450.000ngivktqulngtathngvits98.2%thunv1.1%nghchthtimngn.Bpbmtrng
trnnhththkhngphilthngminhc.NhtlkhihaytinngtatrckhinhnchcThtngqutrcmtBoi,HonghuNam
Phngvvingichngkin,thsmtmctrungthnhviBoi"duytrngaivngchoHongtBoLong"mbygililtBoinh
vy,thtingcnhinkhnghiutisaocngikhennglctcchcao,nhimsuoKhng.Tinghbng"conngivsbtvi".Qu
nhinsauny,trongvochnhhtthng11nm1960,ngliththavlnggtpheochnhvqucdnlnna.Ngy12thng,ng
longtrngtuynbsgiitnnicc,thnhlpmtchnhthchuyntipmrngniccchocctngvccnhcchmngclphptc
"QucdncbnhtnhvtinlngiqucvthngdnvcngcaTngthng",nhngkhioquntrungthnhcangvkpSiGn,nh
btpheochnhthngnutliha,khngthayiniccmnpddinhngngingythtinng..."("ConngThinL",Nguyn
HinL,VnNgh,HoaK,tr.201203).
VicngDimthiuthnhtnvaktrn,ivinhngngihiuranhemngthkhngailylmngcnhin,vtrongqukhngnhiuln
chnhngphnbimtrnghpivicNguynXunTiusauycngnibtthmcibnchtbibccangDim.
NguyncNguynXunTiullnhtngiVitQucXvinhiuthnhtchchinuchngcThcdnlnCngsn.VquenthnngDim
nnnm1945,khingDimcnbVitMinhcmttiThiNguyn,cTiukhngnginguyhimtmcchgipthucmentinbcvhng
ngycntiptnthuclchongDimtronglaot.KhingDimcVitMinhtrtdovsngtiHNi,cTiuvntiptcthmving,
giptichnhvlolunchiphchongDimvoNam.
LinhtnhcmgiacTiuvngDimlcbygitronggiingphichnhtrngoiBckhngaikhngbit,vcngkhngaikhngcmphc
tmchtcacTiu.ThmtkhingDimxacTiu,ngkhngcnnhnnginnhnc.Michonkhingngitrnngicaotuytnh
cacichcTngthngcncTiuthbCngannghingthamgiacucochnhcaNhydngy11111960nnbbtgiamvbcsTrn
KimTuynnhcntncchlcbygingDimminhnvborng:"Khinogphnbohnlcnornhrivoychi"(xemLmth
nogitmtTngthngcaCaoThDung).
CchhohipvthacacTiuivingDimtronglcsacthtthnilncitnhnghasumcatnhbnghuthmthit,nhtlkhic
TiuangbVitMinhnghingvciqutrnhchngCngcaC,thmngDimkhngnhngbinghavongnmcnhnxcgicl
"hn".CungcchcxcangDimivinnhnmcnglmtnhcchmnglothnhnhthmngCaoThDung,trongcunschkli
linihnxcbtnghatrn,lihtlngcangingDimlthychung,nhophongvlngha.
ChngtrchngCaoThDunggichcyvinTrungngtrongcigil"PhongtroPhchiTinhthnNgnhDim"caCnLaoCnggio
tihingoi!
Victhbylviccati.Nhnitrnkia,9gisngngy11111960tibmtnvNhydchnbtkhiiquanstNhaCngantrckhi
vodinhcLp.bbtmvitcchGimcNhaAnninhQuni,mtcquanbbinhscoinhtaysaicach,thtichcnigi
"nti".Nhngnhphcccnvngnntithotcht.Thtth,saucucltchDim,nm1963,ThiutNguynHuyLi(hinM),
nguynlmtlnhtcucochnhcaNhydvaluvongtCaoMinv,cnthmvchotibit:"HmbtcThiutngtrcNha
Cngan,iyTha,chhuyTiuonchimnghm,nhaThiutngrabngiachBnThnhthoainhngticnli,boi
btcTrnKimTuynrisbnluncThiQuangHongvMu,nhthmThiutngsngst".NgheLini,tivicmnLinhng
nghthmrngThcdn,CngsnnhiulngitmtivncnsngnhthngthnhngNguynvnHinh,TrnnhLan,DngQuPhan,
NguynvnTha,LQuangTung,DngvnHiu,NgnhCn,NgnhNhuscmymngthcnhnvtmangchnmnh"sinhvi
tng,tvithn".
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tng,tvithn".
NgyNhydochnh,ttcnhngnhnvtcmucquanAnninhMtvcbnphnutinbovsinhmngvchTngthngDim
ubvhiuhahtmchringtilchotngcugipngDim,ticmthyhnhnhgiangDimvti,trongnhnggiphtnghit
ngcanm1960,vncncsigiythinglingrngbuctnhnghathytr.
Tht l lng: trong lc bin c xy ra, bc sTrn KimTuyn, Gim c Nha Nghin cu Chnh tr, tng Nguyn vn L,Tng gim c Cng an,
TrungtLQuangTung,chhuytrngLclngcbit,ulnhngnhnvtcquynuyhnti,cngNhutnnhimhnti,thmkhi
tingsng"phnlon"bngnthukhngcmthoclntrnhht 15,tronglcthtilinggpctnhiutrongvicbovsinhmng
ngDimcanton.Ngaytronglctibgiamcm,tivnlinlccvinhnvinthucquyncaNha,chohnhngkhochcnthit
hlmtrnnhimvtrongvicchnglicucochnh.Nhnvincati,kthxungThc,BinHalinlcvitngNghim,viitCao,
kthhngdnccnvanghnhquntrongthnh,kthlothulmvcungcptintcchoPhtngthngvchoccnvchngo
chnh.Sauochnh,chnhvnphngcati,iyTrnHu,ngithaytiiukhinmicngtcciyBng,cnvcaTng
thngDim,trnhbycnkchoTngthngcnglaocavcTngthngDimhtlikhenngirisaucthngThiut.l
chakvicngaytphtutinbinc,tihuyngnhngngchvthnthuccatiaqunvdinhcLpngDimvngNhu
givngtinhthn.
Sauochnh,nghalsaukhiminguyhimquari,lcbygibquanvnvcaNgtriu,nhtlnhmCnLao,bytrtunghkhoe
khoanglngtrungthnhtrongkhichngtilimthmluivvibnphnmtqunnhn.MinTtTnSu(unm1961),chngtimili
dngngythinglingcadntc,theocungcchnghiltruynthngcattin,ndinhcLpchomngngDimvchngtitcoing
nh l v thy. Chng ti gm 10 anh em nh tng Nguyn Ngc L, tng Tn Tht nh, i t inh Sn Thung, H Tn Quyn, Trung t
NguynvnChu,NguynNgcKhivti,v.v...nvnphngringcangDimchiamngvingta.NoigngngxakiancungDin
ThbiytcTCungkhingtacQuctrngBoiclmThtngnm1954,chngtictmngnghimtrangchptayxbax,ri
tngLthaymtanhemnglimngngtaiquannkhisaumtnmtrigpqunhiusnggi,vchcnggpnhiumaymntrongnm
mi.Chngtinghrngsaumtnmtringgpqunhiuhonnn,nhtlcucochnhcaNhyd,tinhthncanggiaonglmri,
nhnngyTtthinglingchngtiphicmtcchkhimcung,anitinhthngipnglylinimtin:"Cncnhngqunnhnvntrung
thnhvicy"qualicangLthavingDim.
Victhtm,timuncpncigil"ybanNhndnChngPhinCng"dongTrngCngCulmChtch,ngNgTrngHiulm
Phchtch,vTrungtNguynvnChulmTngthk.
Saukhisnggiquari,nhmlnhtochnhthotthnantonquaCaoMin,ccnvNhyd,Bitngquntrvtrinpmnhtheok
lut,thti12111960,Quchinhmphinhpbtthng(nhbochtngthut)"thokhochanninhdnglnTngthng"(sic).Sng
hmsau,vishngdnvtchccaTrungtChu(GimcNhaChintranhTml),Quchithamdcucbiutnhtrongkhunvindinh
cLphoanhchomngTngthng"nhntrnbanphplnh"nntaiquannkhi.NhngtheoDnbiuHunhThnhVthtihm
Quchinhmhpkhngtholunghtmthtschchmtimtn,tconhaulhnnht,ltrntrnh,lphnbi(saunydithi
nhCngha,ngHunhThnhVnhnngbibophngvnti,cnhclivtkhtrnkiatrongnhtbongNaicang).
Ngoira"ybanNhndnChngoChnh"cngbdlunmamailnnhhtkhngratrv"ochnh"tanrithybancnchngai!
thybanmnhdanhl"ybanNhndn"mthnhphntrongybanccngbtrnbochvtrniphtthanhchthytonltntuicc
vBtrng,Dnbiu,Tngt,vnhnvincccquancngan,mtv.Vth,"ybanNhndnChngoChnh"cTrungtChucp
tcithnh"ybanNhndnChngPhinCng"chohpthihn.
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tcithnh"ybanNhndnChngPhinCng"chohpthihn.
TheoNguytsanMinhTncaHiKhnghcthtrongphinhpca"ybanNhndnChngPhinCng"ngy13thng11nm1960,ngCh
tchTrngCngCuaramtlituynbctnhcchthtinhsau:
ybanstrnhbynhngkhochthityugipchnhphemlianninhthcsvtrngcuchotondn,cnthitchoisngvtcht
cngnhtinhthncanhndnucthamnphinCngkhngththactuyntruynkhuyphcna.16
CngtheoNguytsanMinhTnthsaulituynblongtrngcangChtchTrngCngCu,mttrngvtayhoannghnhnilnringCu
tuynbbmc.Khngbitsauybanctrnhbyckhochnokhng,vnucthkhochccngNhuhayngDimmxa
nkhng,nhngsaunhnglituynbcangCu,ngitathyhaiskinxyra:thnhtlnm1962,dinhcLplibdibom,vthhai
lngTrngCngCu,nhtrthcCnggioquQungNam,saucbnhimlmBtrngcnhimVnhavXhi.Ngoihais
kincth,tnhhnhanninhcanhngnmsaucngngycngtrnntithnvisngtinhthncngnhvtchtcanhndncngtr
nnkhkhnhnmthi.
VicthchnlvngDimkucuMemqunvominNam,chimngsnbayTnSnNhtcumngvcuch.
Ngy11111960ngDimnhLinhmcngiBDeJeaghertraochoTaisMtiSiGnmtbnvnkugichnhphHoaKemThy
qunLcchinvoSiGnchimngsnbayTnSnNht.
BninvnTaisMSiGnnhvHoaThnhnmangs218ngy11111960doTrungtngNguynChnhThisutmctrong
cunNhtkcaBNgoigiaoHoaK(nm1960)ritraolichotibtcchocunVitNammulaquhngtikhictibn(xinxem
phnPhLc).
VicngDimkugiqunMvoSiGncumngchongtanhnbincochnh11111960,cngnhsauny,nhnphionTaylor
nSiGn(nm1961)ngDimkugiMemqunvominNamnhtistrnhbyrchngXVI(TngMinhviMnThahipvi
Cng)lnhngchngcnhtanluniucaCnggioCnLaothnghunhhoangrngngDimkhngchpnhnchoquniMvomin
Nam.
Cucbinhbin11111960nhlmtxchcuicngcamtchuidinhngkhnghongchnhtrvqunsmchDimphiiphvirt
nhiuvngvvthiuchunb.
unm1960ltrnTrngSpchoSon13thaymtquninhnlythmbiqunsutintrckth,vcuinm1960lbinhbin
tiThchoBinhchngNhyd,cngthaymtquni,nilntingniqunsphnkhngch.Nhngdchaykhngchaibinc
nytrongnm1960,bincngninhtlslnmnhcakthCngsntrnchaimtqunslnchnhtrmcaoimlsraicaMt
trnDntcGiiphngminNamvongy20thng12nm1960.
SraicaMttrn,tuynmtrongtintrnhttyucaschlcgiiphngminNamcaHNi,nhngkhngththnhhnhvlnmnh
nhmtthcthchnhtrdmthchthctnhcchidincachnhquynSiGnnuchcangDimvnhngchnhschthtnhntm
cangtakhnglmsuynhcscmnhcaqucgiasaugnhainmnglmThtngvtrn4nmnglmTngthng.
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1 PeterMartin,WhenRedsAreTryingToGrabAnotherCountry,trongtunbo"USNewsandWordReport"(sngy251982).
2 DouglasPike,Vietcong,tr.68.
3 Trnvnn,OurEndlessWar,tr.76.
4 MaiKimnh,VnChintranhvHabnhtiVitNam,trongtpsanQucphng(s23).
5 Vietnam,TheFirstFiveYears,TheReportUSA(sthng121964).
6 TheCommissioninNorthVietnam,TheMITPress,1963.
8 JosephButtinger,Vietnam,APoliticalHistory,tr.461462.
9 BernardFall,TheTwoVietnams,AppendixII,tr.443444.
10 Nguytsan"MinhTn"(s76/bmingy15111960).
13 NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?tr.160,161.
14 NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?tr.160,161.
15 TngNguynvnL,TnggimcCnganitrn,BcsTrnKimTuyn,GimcSNghincuChnhtrtra12111960miramtv
vodinhcLpcnLQuangTung,TlnhLclngcbitvNguynvnChu,GimcNhaChintranhTml,hailnhtQuny
ngCnLao,thtrnvonhthDngchaCuthngKngchonchiu11111960,khicqunitTrnThinKhimkovo
SiGn,midmramt.
16 Nguytsan"MinhTn"(s76/bmingy15111960).
Chng12
19611962hainmkhncng
Sausunmcaitr(19541960),gianhngDimvchCnLaoCnggioaminNamnkhcquanhnghitngmchcnvint
chmph,kgiBernardC.Naltycngphchacbctranhenti:
...NgnhDimkhngthiugkth.ChtrngchngCngcangtaltiuditccngphivbtbgiamcmttcnhngaililpvi
ngta,kcnhngngichngCng.ngtacaitrvicungcchcngnhccamtngimlikhngcciphongcaHChMinh."BcH"
bithamnhvidnchngvlunlunlmnhmunthamnnguynvngcanhndn.TronglcngDimlixariqunchng,baovybi
nhngngianhemtronggianhvnthamlamvchk,vngtachuyncaitrbngsclut.Ngaycyphccangtacngtcongtari:
tronglcHChMinhmcoquntheokiudnquthNgnhDimlimcuphctrngtheokiuccquancaitrthcdnc.
Dimkhngthtintngvoqunicangta.Thng11nm1960,lclngNhydbaovydinhcLpbucngtahaphicitchnh
ph,thchnhphgmhuhtlCnLaovbconcangta.TronglcaralihathDimlibmtkugimquntrungthnhvSiGn
baovylimqunochnh.Dimkhnggilihacithinch.
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SausunmtrilmmtthQuctrngkhngailaychuynni,Dimvnbtan.Snghcanhndnphailt,qunikhngthchinu
theolichintranhcchmngcaVitcng,cnkinhtqucgiahuhthontonphthucvovintrM1.
VimngDimxariqunchngmBernardC.Naltycptrnythkhngthiunhngskinchngminh.ytimunarahai
hnhnhinhnhctnhcchhihcllnglmchngtaigaimtdnchnglmdnchng.
VicthnhtcchngtrnhVietnam:ATelevisionHistorycakgiKarnowtrnhchiutrnitruynhnhPBSHoaKnm1984chothyng
HChMinhdichuynthlibgiabnly,hayibtrongrngrm,cnngDimthchmchngitrnghbnhmtmnhtrnchicthuync
squancptcaqunilinchhcy,tronglcmttonlnhngmmnhdincbngsngdnchotheokiuvuachaphongkinthi
xa.
VicthhaillcngDimikinhlLt,khitrvSiGnphinphitrngLinKhnglnphic,chngmayphicntrnnqucl
20bchnli,xecktcngnccyslmchodnchngphiuxehaibnlngchilucmytingngh.Khngngtrongm
dnchnglicvnhoNhtLinhNguynTngTam,gianhngvmtsthnhu.ngNguynTngTambnniaviconchung
ta:"NutrongsymaisaucailnlmTngthng,thhynhncingyhmnay,phichibcmnhnhthnynh"2.
ChnhschcaitrthtcvbtticaanhemngDimmnhmvtrctipgythanhthvthclcchoCngsnhcthmauchng
thnhlpc"MttrnDntcGiiphngminNam"vongy20thng12nm1960,nghalchsunmsaukhingDimnmchnhquyn.T
nay,trcngbominNamvtrcquct,qucgiagilVitNamCngHabcoingangvthvi"MttrnDntcGiiphngminNam"
mcdMttrnchlsnphmchnhtrcaHNimthi.SraicaMttrnlmtnchnhtrvcngxutsccaBChnhtrBcVit.S
raimangmtnghatuyntruyncchmngrngchnhlclngnhndnminNamvcmthchtaysaicaMnnnidy
chnglimtaysaivngchcachnglqucthcdnmi.SraicaMttrnkhngnhngmhocvlicuncmtstrthc,
sinhvin,thanhninminNamm,quantrnghnc,lngvinctnglpnngdnvlaongcaminNam,vnbtmnvich
DimmhcholchcangiBcxmlcminNambngchnhschnngcbitchongiCnggiominBcdicvbngchnh
schkthtngioquach"Cnggiotr".Visraica"MttrnDntcGiiphngminNam",HNicncuthngngoivng
tranhchpcanhngngisngphaNamvtuyn17,khngxenvonibminNam,dotocchnhnghakhngchinchoMttrnm
HNikhimangtingl"kxmlng".Trnmtquct,HNitocuytnvcmtnhvimiqucgia,cbiclvinhngqucgiatrong
khitamvnchathccchinlcvchtrngcaCngsn.Khuhiu"MDim"mHNitungramhocngiMinNamv
quctquthclmtthontuyntruynvcnglihi.Chonnnhnlitonbcucchinthktkhi"MttrnDntcGiiphngminNam"
raivocuinm1960,sthtbichnhtrcaVitNamCngHacoinhbtu.
TrcthonchnhtrchiarngiminNamvichDimcnctrnnhngthctchnhtrvxhirtrrng,vtrccnlmnguyca
tnc,nglsausunmthtbi,anhemngDimphithayichnhsch,phithchinmtcuccchmngxhi,thchinionkt
dntcmithnhphnqucgia,mitngio,ngphicngcchichunglovicchngCngcunc,thbthnhthay,anhemngDim
licngngoanchn,ctihntrongviccngcav,trongcquynchngCng.Hlidngv"TuynngnCaravelle",vochnhca
NhyDtinhnhmtchnhschnpkhngbmibngnhngcuclngbtbrpnhngngiqucgiailp.Chtrngbtbgiam
cmcaanhemngDimlmchohngngqucgia,nhtlnhngphntcuytnviqucdnphitanr:kthbvot,kthphitm
phngntrnh,kthtrnrangoiquc,kthgithitrmchntmsbnhyn.Huqucastanrnylchnhnghavscmnhchng
Cngbkitqu,Cngsnbnlidngtuyntruynkhiqunchngbtmnthiumtlpngiqucgiailpnglcthhngdncho
hvachngDimvachngcCngsn.
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KhngcnphididngmchcnclionhikvbithtrongtcangTrnvnHng(thucnhmCaravelle)cngthychindch
btb,giamcmcanhNgsaubinc111160nhthnori3:
Ngythby121160,li11gi(nghalngayctrckhicclnhtochnhcharai,tnhhnhSiGnchatrliynn)tibNhaCnh
stvCnganQucgiainricululuncuxtvtibtnhnghiclinquantrongvbinc111160.Quangysauvnhngngyk
tip,mtsanhemtrongnhm18ngicakhiTdoTinbmngitathnggilnhmCaravellelnltbivbculu.Nhnanhem,
tichtnhbithNgiTrngcangHcLcnnmnvnth(ch,l,t,ph,v)lmbisauy:
Ngitmtl
Nyanh,nyc,nylch,
Lcccvoyngimtl,
Nhngtngbunnhchmtnh,
Nongvuiqubnxmt,
Thnnyduvngchnlaolung,
Niyvnghitrongphph,
Xungchlnvoilmchuyni,
Xanaydinbitbaonhimv.
ngTrnvnHnglmtnhgiomphm,lthyhccartngthnhphntrthccaminNamngthi.nglmtnhnstiubiu
cholpsphutinbinhChiu,ThKhoaNgha,ThKhoaHun,PhanvnTrcaminNamlunluncnhndnminNamhtsctrng
vng.ngtngltrngSiGnChLnthingDimmichpchnh,nitingnhtnhtnhcngtrclinchnh.ngthngilmbng
xepvkhngxdngcngxa.KhithyranhemngDimcti,kthaphngvkthtngio,ngxintchcngayrivnhsngcuc
inghonnthanhbch.Nhngtmhnksningkhngchophpngimhilngtingtrcmtchcngngycnggythmnhiutili,
ngbnthamgianhm"TDoTinB"hpbotiCaravelleratuynngnphnichDim.
VicnhNgbtgiamngkhngnhnglmtticividntcmcnlmthnhngchpthovticadnminNam,vtondn
minNam,btknhngaicchthchnhcchthiubitthith,ucoingHngnhmttmgngsngtrongcchxth,mtbcthy
trongtrngi.GiamcmngTrnvnHng(cngnhngPhanKhcSuvKsTrnvnBch)nhNg,mtlnna,ytrthcnhns
minNamvovngchngi,ylaongnngdnminNamchytheoVitcng.
*****
TronglcCngan,CnhstvMtvcaLQuangTungvDngvnHiumchindchlngbtviutrathnhphndnsilpthNha
245/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TronglcCngan,CnhstvMtvcaLQuangTungvDngvnHiumchindchlngbtviutrathnhphndnsilpthNha
AnninhQuniphtrchviciutrathnhphnqunnhn.
Ngy14thng11nm1960,ticTngthngDimgivodinhcLpngchonhngchthcnthit.Mithyti,nghingay:"Anhc
bitmylunaynhngthngCIAMnothnggpgthngThi?".KhititrlikhngbitthngnitipichorngchnhngiMxidc
NguynChnhThitchcochnhltchnhphcang.SaungralnhphitmchoratntuinhngnhnvinTaisMthng
tipxclinlcviitThi,nhngngiMnohayluitiviccsquanNhyd.
ThyngDimlmitThilngichxngcucochnhdosxidccaM,tibnni:"Thac,NguynChnhThilmtsquanc
thnhtchnghcngaytu,khiccngpnhngkhkhnvonhngnm1954,1955,docctnnhimgiaochochhuyLonNhy
dthayCaoTr.Thilmtngicngtrc,cbinhsNhydknhmnvtuybylunayThictthibtmnvingbCvn,vi
ngCu,nhngivic,Thikhnghngn".cngcthmlplun,titrnhbythm:"Thac,vokhong4gisngngy1111
1960,saukhitingsng"phnlon"nvcanhBngchobitlqunNhydangtncngdinhcLp,tigiinthoingayvnhThith
cmttrungsNhydtrlirngvokhongnam,itThiangngnhthbTrungtVngvnngv4,5squanNhydn
mii,mivithinip,btbuc.TheotithnhmVngvnngmilkxngxutcucochnh,nhnghthyitThithngt
thibtmnvichnhphnnhlidnguytnvavTlnhcaitThitonthbinhsNhydtunphcnhmochnhvhng
hithamd".ngDimvnkhngtin,nili:"NhngmngCvncnhngtintcchobitchnhCIAMchngcucochnhny".Khi
ngDimadanhnghangNhurathtibitkhngcngtranhlunna,nhngcngcgngnithm:"Thac,khngbitngCvn
davoumnivy,nhngtheoti,trongvochnhvari,nucbntaycangingoiqucthchcthlbntaycaPhpchkhng
thlcaM,vtrilichnhMcuc".ngDimmtomtnhnti,tinitip:"Thactilunnhthvcmyyutcncphntch,
thnhtltkhiccmquyn,ngiPhpcthichngicclnngiMthhaiVngvnng,NguynTriuHngvBtrngTrn
LQuangulrcacuTrungtHun(qunlkhchsnCaravellecaNgnhThc)lmtngithnPhp,thnvitngNguynvnHinh
yutthbalassquanthucthhtrc,thh"quniqucgia",trongcnhmVngvnnguctinhthnbiM,inhnhnh
LvnKim,CaoTr,LamSn...vncttngvhnhngchngMmCbitrvvnthnglary(trnghpCaoTrvLam
Sn).CnyutthtlchnhngMillerthucTaisM,ntrcdinhcLpkhuynVngvnngtmnhcuctncngtrc
shindincatngKhnh".TuytiaranhngphntchnhthnhngngDim,vnbnhhngnngncangNhu,nnvncni
thm:"NhngtrongvochnhnycthngPhanQuangnvthngHongCThyltaysaicaCIA".(Sauny,ticbitsaukhithtbi,
ngHongCThynhCIAMlixechonglnphitrngxutngoinhngngThykhngphilngicaCIA).
TrcnhkinchcnchnhthcangDimticnbitnigthm,chthcmcthivsaongNhulicchongPhanQuangntrong
khibitchchaingThivnkhngphilngitchccucochnh.ngThichcnhmochnhVngvnngmithamd,cn
ngnthlidongThimihptcviqunochnhvobuitrangy11111960.Lmtthuccp,tichbittunlnhnhnglngringvn
thcmctisaongNhu,"itrmmtv"cach,licnhngnhnnhphnkhoahc,phntnhbonhth.Banmsautimibitrth
oncangta.
TibtumcuciutravochnhthbngnhncvnthcaPhtBtrngQucphngNguynnhThun(hinhingoi)chth
rngtheolnhngCvnthThiutNguynHuKnh(Cnggiodic),PhtcaLQuangTung,vbaiythuclclngcbitc
bitphinNhaAnninhQuni,tdiquyntictrchcuciutravochnhcaThivng.
Theotinhthncabcvnththtivnchutrchnhimcuciutravphikgiytlinhncuciutra,nhngngitrctipiuhnh
cngtclilnhmsquanLclngcbit.Bngphngthcny,ngNhuchngnhngcngkhaitrakhngtintngtimcnctnh
lmmtuytncatiivinhnvinthucquyn.TicthcmcthitisaongNhukhnggiaohnviciutrav"phnlon"chocquan
caLQuangTungthltitrnhcmtcngtctnh.Tnhvsdngxcalngtm,vmtmttiphilmbnphntrungthnhvi
246/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
caLQuangTungthltitrnhcmtcngtctnh.Tnhvsdngxcalngtm,vmtmttiphilmbnphntrungthnhvi
chmchnhticngbtmn,vmtkhctiphitrngtrnhmngi"phnlon"mtrongthmtmtirtcmphc.th,thiutKnhv
nhm s quan ca L QuangTung li thng qua mt ti trong vic bt b giam cm nhng s quan v binh s cc n v khc ch v cc n v
trngmunlpcngvdonhmCnLaolmimch.Cngyhbtvhngtrmbinhs,hngtrmnbconntthucgianhnhngqun
nhn"phnlon",tonntnhtrnghnlonchoNhati,vnhtltoshiulmnimtsqunnhniviringcnhnti.Nhmsquanbit
phicnglidngdanhnghacaAnninhQunikhngblmtingiiHoaKiuChLn,lmchotimangting,cngnhtrckianhm
CnLaoMtvcangCnHulydanhnghacaAnninhQunikhngbngHThcKvnhiungvinngiVitlmtinsau
vBaLng.Timunnhclinhngchuynnytrnhbymtlnchoxongviccbnqunnhnhinhingoivntnglmvicdiquyn
tithiNgnhDim,anhemthyrnilngcayngcatilcbygikhngthcngkhainilnc.
Su,bynmtrianhemcngtcviti,thyrtinhthncngminhlimchnhcati,thychtrng"onktdntc"cati,thy
ngli"huynhchibinh"mtichxngtngycnPhnKhuDuynHi,thychnhsch"nnggioha,nhtrngtr"cati...nhng
vvnnctrunchuynv,ninhkgiRobertShaplen,"ucnhhngCnLaoxenvolsinhrarilon",chonndcgnght
sc,Nhacachngtacnhnglcbhiulm,hocbctnhbibnmangtaiting.Bygi,giaionlchsquarivtrongtrnghung
camtngisngthahng,hitnglinhngnmiukhinNha,tivnthyhnhdinvthovcphmlnchtcaNha,nntithy
cnphinilnchoSthtkhngbchem.ClanhemcnnhvDngvnHiu(hinM)btChunyLHuThygiubittch
khngthngbochoti,riaraminTrungchongNgnhCnxdngmcdThylngiCnggionhnglilmtngvincaocp
caCngsnnmvng.ClanhemvncnnhvemrutbNhulTrnvnKhim,lcspnhnchcGimcNhaNghincuChnhtr,
btgivilmtinhainhnvinTyAnninhQuniAnGiang.VnychngnhngngNhukhnglaryngiemvlicnnnglichtrch
khitintrnhbynivvingta.ClanhemcnnhvTrungtNguynHunhcngNhuvnhmCnLaotlmphtchotim
khngthmhikinti.MivNhachacbaonhiungy,HunhlmtinHoaKiumttriubctrongvuthuphthiquni
mcdhnnmnmtri,NhaAnninhQunituymangtinglMtv,ltaysaicachCnLaomvnctinglimkhit.NguynHunh,
ngiCnggiobconviTnhtrngNguynTrnquQungNam,lclmTnhtrngLongKhnh,Hunhthamnhngcmychctriu
bcchegiumytrmtriuthucaTyninthingBivnLnglmBtrngBNiv.Hunhchiachcchoai,Tyninbitht
thmngNhuliemyvmnhimchcvshaicacquancnhimv"bovtinhthnquni"!v.v...
Timunklinhngvnhnhtnhngtiubiutrnvlcbygicnhiusquancatinthanphinvbytscngphntrctcch
hnghch,lnghnhcanhmCnLaomtichkhuynhnnnnhn.
Tuynhin,sauvithng,khngchunislmquyncaThiutKnhna,tigiKnhlnvnphngvchobitrngtnayanhtaphihonton
chumnhlnhcati,tistrctipnmlycuciutra.
Bttayvovic,tilintrtdochonhmphnvtremvnhmqunnhnkhnglinhtrctipnvochnhnhngchbtcolc
cmtnhvinhmphnlon,chnghnnh"nixuTngthng,mtstngCn,bNhu,cnhnglilchtrchch,nixungi
Cnggio,travuimngkhinghetingsngochnhn,cangiPhanQuangnvNguynChnhThi..."
Tinghrngnhngsquanthamdochnh,nhngsquanbtmnvichcngcngmangmttmsnhmnh.Nutikhngptnh
cmchungthyvingDim,citnhcmkeosnthmthitgn20nmtri,bituginyticngngvohngng"phnlon".Tili
nghrngtocucbinhbinlddngmualycichtmhdmhysinhchvlngyunccah,chvhsqucgiarivotayCngsn,
nhvythhucphnTqucngbomtrilihchmunpmtchbtlcthithaanglmchotncsuyvong.Hungchi
iticngtnhiuvotrativchngThc,Phong,Cng,hvcich"CnLaoCnggio"nymlmtanrquni,mingclilng
dnsao?Chonnmcdchngngnsquanvbinhstrctiphaygintiplinhncucochnh,tichnghemratac19ngiv
phtqunk30ngi.TicncnthnemdanhschnhngcanphmratrcmtHingcpTnghptiBTngThammuHi
247/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phtqunk30ngi.TicncnthnemdanhschnhngcanphmratrcmtHingcpTnghptiBTngThammuHi
ngnhotlysphnnhngngimtinghphtqunk,nghumaihutikhimangtingdathTngthngDimgyoankhinau
khchonhiungi,nhiugianh.NgaycnhngtngtnhLvnKim,PhmXunChiu,NguynCaoK,HongCaoTiu...cchngc
rrnglinhnnhmochnh,ticngcchegiuchohhngnvtthngqunitrcmtkthCngsnngycnghiuchin,v
chomttpthbinhschuqunhiuthngvong.Tivnkhcghitronglnglidndcangianhcquni,itngLvnT,khitr
liTrungtVngvnng:"Tigiri,ccanhmunlmgthlmnuthylphi,minngquniphitanr".TitnghtngT,mt
lnhgixutthntmtgianhcaii,xutthntmtThiusinhqunthiPhpthuc,tribaochchnhtr,chngkinbaonithngtrmca
quhngtnc,nnngccinhnsuscvnhnbnhnvvaitrcanhngch,vquni,vtnglaixs.Vthngnhcli
vitilingnivingVngvnngnhthmnhnnhtinglmchoqunitannt.CphithkhngthisCaoTiu?(Lcbygi
ngHongCaoTiuliyChnhVnphngchoitngLvnT).
TrongnhmlnhtochnhthitNguynChnhThilngibntrikcati,vsquangand,ngaythng,cnghclpTrungon
trngvititiHNivctituyntruynnghchongDimkhingDimmivnc.Tilmsaocththhnngichinsm
baophenxngphatrnmc,tilmsaoqunctnhbnthmthitkhicngihnhqunvimtLinonLungbnbsngBchng
haianhemcdpvodnghngtrcbnthcTrnHngo.TilmsaoqunccchthitthacaThikhisutmyngytibau
strt,ThimanghbalhaynhyxungaobtcnuchochotintrongcuchnhqungiacnhnglyligiaminqutnhHiDng
BcVit.TilmsaoquncthihohipcaThikhiataycnmisngcaTrnnhLan,mtthTycon,angnhmvoutitrong
nhTrnvnn,khitiphnilibhcangHinhhhoochnhngDim.
Thilmtngichnthnhyunc,dycngchinuchngCng,tnghtlngnghngDim,nayvinghamphiluvongniqu
ngichonntrckhitrtdochonhmphnvtrcon,tichomivThilnvnphngcmyliani.TikhuynvThivnhlolm
n,nuiconchchng,ingyThi"ogmvlng",ingygianhont.TiavThi2.000ngbcvhncmithngngpti,ti
xutmtphacho1.000ng.NhngvThikhngbaogitrlichoncuinm1963,saukhichngtiltchDim,ThitNamVang
trv(nhttcsquan,chnhkhchtluvong,haybtyngoiCno)nhnhngchinshnganhccngchngichDim.
NhngkhiThitrvqucthhii,cnhnhThitrmgybnhri,lnhphmtng!
Thithoin,quhngnghingnga,chCnLaotnbovsphnnghitnglmThitanntccilng.NhngriThitnng
"vicditthcunc",gcmisuring,nhnlnhlnngchhuySonIBbinhnituynuQungTr.
NgoiThira,trongnhmlnhtochnh,tlutivnchvcmmnnhngsquantrtuinhPhmvnLiu,PhanTrngChinhvPhan
LcTuyn,mcdtichahtipxcvih.LiulngviniVittnghctrngVBYnBidoNhtBntchcnm1945,tng
hot ng cch mng v trn sangTu. Chinh l con mt nh cch mng thuc Vit Nam Quc Dn ng, tng chin u chng c Php ln Vit
Minh.CnPhanLcTuyn,vinsquantrtuinylmchotikhmphcvnhngbithamlunhocquanimcaanhtrncctboca
NhaChintranhTml,nhngbibovinidungsuscvvntyhokhcamtqunnhnnngtnhtviquhngdntc,lngtrong
chstchngCngcunc.Cbalnhngsquancngtrc,limchnh,nhngPhanLcTuynthtrnlnvngCaoitheoVitcng.
QuytnhtheoVitcngcaTuyntuynngninhngtikhngngcnhin,vvimtchphndntcvphncchmngnhchNg
nhDimlcbygithconngiyptinhthndntcvtmchtcchmngnhTuynlmsaokhngtheo"giiphng"c!Ticng
chthnmangtqubnhntrigiamLvnDuyttngnhngsquanangbchnhtigiamgiti,tigpmtvcmylithmhi
PhanTrngChinhnhngtikhngdmchuyntrludiviChinhvchnhticngstaimtCnLao,tuylGimcNhaAnninhQuni(Thiu
tngPhanTrngChinhhinM).
Trongcucbinhbinngy11111960,nhm"phnlon"vtituyhaipheinghchnhngkhinghetinThiutNguynTriuHngcht,tikhng
khixcngngmngibivHnglichotimtknimkhqunkhitigpcnhlaolungtrnbcngbinhnghip.Nm1953,khiti
248/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khixcngngmngibivHnglichotimtknimkhqunkhitigpcnhlaolungtrnbcngbinhnghip.Nm1953,khiti
btngCognyvTrungtDngQuPhanpht60ngytrngcmvbthuynchuynvLinonLungs3caThiutPhmvnng
anghnhquntiNinhBnh,ngytitgiHngYnraivivvbnconnhdisutui,TrungtPhanchchotimtchicxeDoge4vi
mtHslixechotilnHNi.ConngtnhltHngYnnBnYnNhn,cnhqucls5,di38cyslmtconngtthnlun
bphhoivphckchmmitunchcKhuchinthnglmtlntiptlinlc.Chnhticlnchhuynhngcucmngm
milnlphisdngcTiuon4caiyngvnSnvimtiiThitgip,mtiiBoancatnhvphicphobinhsnsng
ymtr.ThmDngQuPhanbttiphiriHngYnngaykhngcinngymng.TuyonrngDngQuPhanmunmn
tayVitMinhgitmnhnhngtivnrai,vkhnglticngkhaibytlptrngchngPhp,khinhbPhanramtmbygiphixin
xmtchtnhu,dlhpl,cay.TiraitrcsngmngicaTrungyNguynvnThiuvCaovnVin,haingibncngtichia
vuisbunmythngticiKhuchinhontonbbaovybiVitMinhgnchainmtriny.
Chicxechgianhtiimicysthgpmtnlnh(mnutinhkhnglmthdanhhiucanlLThanh)viqunshnmt
trmbinhsdoTrungyNguynTriuHngchhuy.Tivonvconnghngichcltvhithmtnhhnhannguycaonngdicn
li.Thyti"nthngcm"trnltrnhynguyhim,Hnglhnvbnkhon:
ngshtscbtan,haibndnlngulVitMinhmiydmliunhthsao?
Tiudmliu,nhngBchhuyralnhphiingaynntiphiianhHng.
Thiiyvgianhhyliyviem,ihaingynacmngrihyi.
Cmnanhnhngnbconntbttinlm,vliingymngthngCogny,ngPhanlihnhhtithm.
HaylemchoiymttrungitheohtngchonBchhuytiuonhaignqucls5.
Tinghbng,mttrungithnnhmgkhigpVitMinh.VlinuchngmaycngthnotrungicngbthithivHngsbpht
nng,nnticmtlnghohipcaHngritchisgipcaanhta.Hngcninnhngtivnlnngtrcvmtingicangi
bntr,phmcthnthgianhmnhchosphnrimay.Ltht!Clnhphccvncndyvnln,nncgianhtic"thunbum
xuigi"trnconnghainmquanitinglkinhhong.
Thigiantriquavibitbaovtisaodi,khngngbynmsauNguynTriuHng,mtchngtraitunkitcatVittriNamkhngchtv
taykthCngsnmlichtoankhinvvinncangiqucgia!Cithmtrngvlcacuci,soiomchnhtryoankhin
btuvcnuidngtdichNgnhDim,ricnkodichonkhithnthcalclngqucgiakitlcvnhngnht
chmsaulngchonngyminNamsp.
unm1961,tronglctiSiGntiangtinhnhcuciutravv"phnlon"thtiNamVang,nhmlnhtngy11111960vchnhkin
btngnnmuthunvinhaurichiarahainhm:nhmVngvnngvnhmNguynChnhThi.NhmcaThichcPhmvnLiuv
saunythmphicngNguynvnC.TictinngNguynChnhThivngimitnhccuivititronglcVngvnngththght
ti.Sdtibitcngghttivnhphngphngintrnhchotitbo"RealitsCambodgiennes"cbicaVngvnngkch
nngnchNgnhDim,nhnnhrngchkhngthchinthngniCngsnmrismmuncngblt.Ringti,ngt
chomthndanhl"LeTigreNoir"(cpen)cach.
Nhngtikhngvthmbunphinthithiuhiubitcang,bivdginathtiangtrongtthcamtthtrmmtvcach
249/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nhngtikhngvthmbunphinthithiuhiubitcang,bivdginathtiangtrongtthcamtthtrmmtvcach
Dimnnlmsaoticthcngkhaitrangtrinilngcamnhchothinhbitmnhngaygian.Hunggtmlqunchngthngkhnga
CnganCnhst,vtmlbinhsthngkhngaAnninhQunivQuncnh.
Quaccphctrnhiutratnghp,ticbittrckhitchcochnh,TrungtVngvnngcdpgpngNhutidinhcLp
trnhbytnhhnhnguyngpcatncvtnhtrngsastcaqunicvtinhthnlnhiunng.Vngvnnglmtsquantrtui,
thngminh,cngngh,cthcchnhtrcao,vcngnhPhmvnLiu,timtnggingmucchmng,trnynhithuyt,chngCngc
thcvdmsngchtcholtngcamnh.Chaiucchln,cthamvnglmlnhtnhnghnhnhsmngcahcanbi,hh
hc"muavchongitaxemht",hhc"chngchonaii",cnringhthchhng,cnguynclkhngbaogithnh.
QuniVitNamCngHachonnm1962,trnhngvtnggithucthhnanh,trnhngsquantrmangsaori,chnghnnh
NguynKhnh,Dngvnc,thnhngNguyncThng,PhanTrngChinh,PhmvnLiu,Vngvnng,NguynBLin,TrnvnNht,
NguynHuyLi,v.v...(vcnnhiungikhcnamtikhngnhtn)quthtlnhngsquanutnhtcaquni,xngngmimtv
vnhavchnhtrcngnhkhnngqunsvtcphong.Nhngsquannychatrthnhdanhtngnhngchcchnkhnngqunsca
hkhngthuakmnhngsquancaccqucgiatintin.Nhngttcbmaimtvcduynontrngcavnncmtphn,vphn
khcvqucgiakhngcklnhosngsutbittrngdnghinti.Hnglnhngkmunlmchuynivtrinhnglisinhbtphng
thi.
Vphnti,trongkhongthigiantigpnhiunghchcnhvuibunlnln.MtknimmmlmchotinhmiltronglctibVng
vnngkttil"Cpen"cachDimthmtvicbtngnhngrtphnkhixynchoti.hnmttunlsaukhitrtdochonhm
nbconntvconccsquan"phnlon"thmthm,haimconbiyPhanPhngTin(nginhnlnhNguynCaoKlimybay
chonhmlnht"phnlon"quaNamVang)nthmtitinhring.BCthnmu(haynhcmu)cabTinni:"Thait,ngoithin
hnitltaychnthntncaCTngthng,itcquynsinhstghgmlmthmvconccsquanbgiamcmvucangii
tochinlnh.Chngnhngitlolngnchohchuo,ixttvihmitcngiklutnghimminhchonbcongi
gicthanhdanhtrongcnsacthtth.Vth,tixinnytlicmnit".TinghebCnivtxtmnhchnglmggiln
nghangoicibnphnttnhincamtsquanvcchcxtnhincamtngibnhthng,thmsaohainginbnyliccch
tuythnknhnhnglingtnhth.TinhnbiyTinththybtalmtphnthymoantrangvchttmrarngnhngbm
hinVitNamthngutchocongi,nhtlcongixachngmliphisavonimhtngl"hanghmrn",nhngrithyconmnh
cdanhtitbotonsaucnhonnnnnbvuimngnthmvnglitn.Cuchuynquthtkhngcgngninhngchnhvlng
yuthnglolngchocongicamtbmVitNamhinhachtphc,chnhvnhnglinichnthnhcabC,mtbgikhngpheng,
khng"chnhchchnhem"mticmnhncrrngnhndnvqunsangcoichDimlmtangctrngian,coinhngtaysaica
ch,trongcti,lnhnghungthncqu.LibCnhcmnhlckhuynkhchti,nhnnhtilunlunphigimnh,khngnhng
lunlunphinhnvvicphi,hngviulnh,mcnphihnhxtrongocvchnhtrc(gianhtngPhanPhngTinhinM).
*****
Nm1960,nhtrnhby,nulnmmuchosbnghoitngcrcachDimvinmbinclsthmbicaSon13,bc
tranhchutckhotqudahuminNamcaboTDo,bntuyncocanhmCaravelle,cucbinhbin1111dobinhchngNhydkhi
xng,vsraiythchcaMttrnDntcGiiphngminNam,thnm1961,Vitcngphtngnhngtrnnhln,nngmc
hyditcachintranhlnmttngcaohnphttrinmnglichnhtrnngthn,xydnghtngcs,tuyntruyntconhngtic
cachphthuychnhnghavthanhththmchoMttrn.
TnhtrngmtanninhcaminNamcngnhvintnghyditcachnhchrrngvkhncpnnithnhphnrngcttrungkin
250/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TnhtrngmtanninhcaminNamcngnhvintnghyditcachnhchrrngvkhncpnnithnhphnrngcttrungkin
nhtcachlcbygicngphihthonglolng.NguynvnChu,GimcNhaChintranhTml,ChtchQunyngCnLao,Lvn
Thi(hinSanDiego),PhtGimcNhaNghincuChnhtrcaTrnKimTuynvbcsLTrungDung,yvinTrungngngCnLao,
bnvnngvingNgnhNhuvmtschnhkhchnhnsilpnhathnhlpHinghionktTondnchngCngtrongmc
chcithinchvlmgimbtnicmthcaqunchngivichngDim.Cucvnngbtut18thngGingmmin
mnghaithngBynm1961mithnhhnh,vmitriutpcmtbuihpchnhthctitgiacabcsPhanHuyQutvisthamdca
mtschnhkhchccbcsngvnSung(hinM)vdischtacangNgnhNhu.Ngibntrcati,anhTChDip(chu
rutcacTChngPhng,mtcungchcangDim)vamntravcihiclmthuyttrnhvin.Saukhitrnhbythctrng
nguyngpcatnc,nhnghimharrngcaCngsn,ihiaraquytnghgmccim:"cngkhaihahotngcaccchnh
ng,lpmtdinnchnhtr,xtlivnchnhtrphm(vngiqucgiachngCngbbtbgiamcmqunhiu,nhtlthnqu),lpmt
hingchnhtrcnhimvphbnhvchtvnchnhquyn,vcmtybanvnngionktgm11ngithchinnghquyt".
Rrngnghquytlmtgiiphpchnhtrnhavthctcunc,mtphngthcdnchgylitinhthnonkt,xabhnth.
NhngngNhukhngnhngbcbngayhtminghcaihimcnnnglichtrchccchnhkhch,ngphi,vlnnhphhoi
ch,khngchochnhquyncangtarnhtayloiphviCngsn.Saulngpg,ngNhukhngbaogiihpnavihicng
tanlun.TinghipchomyvchnhkhchnhitthnhvmyngCnLaostsnghkhngbitkinhnghimchothyrngivianhemnh
Ngthcncchbitciutunphc.Nhngthinch,nhngsngkin,dcgitrvxutxngtngithntn,mhngnti
caanhemnhNgthchlnhnggicmkhngbaogithnhstht.Nhiukhikarathinch,arasngkincnmualytaihanh
trnghpTChDipvquhngsaytrongviccuncmmualycichtsauny.
Sauihionktbtthnh,Dipbbtvbthtiulun.ctinDipbCngansthi,BcsTuynvtivcngbnghong.Chngtigp
nhauthanthkhngngnhmNguynvnY,DngvnHiutncnth,khngngchmmnhangphcvlibtnhnnth.
KhngaicthchicicthichnhtrcaTChDipcngnhnhngnghcaanhtatrongHinghonKtlnhngnghxydng
mongculyminNam,thmDipchtvcichtrngilpxydng.HungchiDiplilchurutcacCTChngPhng,
mtngchsonstcangDimtrongphongtroCng,tnghysinhthnth,snghip,tincachongDim,tngbmtthmPhptra
tnnnigycrngvicctai.
DipchtilimtngBcgn70tuinghonnvcn,vimtbmgitrn90tuiginuabnhtt.Trccnhthngtm,chcn
CHunhMinhvBcsBiKinTngipcTmtphnnomthi.(XemthmthcaCHunhMinhtrongphnphlc).
CichtcaTChDipcngnhcichtcaNguynTnQu,VTamAnh,NguynBoTonv.v...vhngtrmngnngidnvtithnqu
nmtrongchnhschtiuditngiqucgiailpcachDim.Aicngbitrngcichtoankhincahngtrmngndnqunhiukhil
dohnhnglmquyncacccnbCnLaoCnggio,nhngcnvicsthinhngnhnvtchnhtrtntuitiSiGnlphiclnhca
ccngDim,Nhu,Cn.ThmsaukhichDimblt,trcTanCchmng,itNguynvnYkhairngngtaralnhgitnhng
nhnvtqucgiakiachv"nghekhngrlnhcaTngthng".lmtlikhaigiandituycbnhvcTngthngDimnhngngthicng
tcoTngthngDimlinhvoccvgitngi.Dsaothmtchchtrngsthi,thtiunhngngiqucgiailplmtch
tnbokiuCngsnvNazicQucx.CnmtchmngTnggimccmungnhCngan,Cnhstv"nghekhngrlnhca
ngTngthng"memnhngnhnvtqucgiachnchnhitrnncchocht(xemlitcocabcThtrongphnphlc)nhtrnnc
mtconchdithchlchg?ngtrchnhngnhvnHiuChn,ChuT,TChungbuctichDimlth"Chphicm,phi
th"(xemlituynbcabanhvnnytrongphnphlc).
Trnghpyutcaihionktnulinhngxtxavphntnhtronglngmtsngithncngxcnhnthmcichntng
251/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trnghpyutcaihionktnulinhngxtxavphntnhtronglngmtsngithncngxcnhnthmcichntng
chnhtrcaNgnhNhu,mtchntngccnnbngtmathmcchquanvcthamquyncv.Nm1953,khicntouythcho
anhmnhnmchnhquyn,NgnhNhuchtrngchnhschionktviccngphinniNgnhNhukhngngingichung
vcngtcvinhngkmNhuchol"ncp"nhNmLa,ByVinthmkhinmgicquynhnhri,Nhulibcbphngthci
onktcunc,chiuhnhsinhhotqucgiabngnhnglutlctiphndnch,khinhthqucdn,chtrchmtstccngphi
mcdtncangrchntauthngdochnhtaygianhngtagyra.
khngchuthchincngcucionkt,liuthuccuicngvhplnhtcngnhaunguvikthchunglCngsn,nhNg
cnngoancbcbminghdnchhachcangiM,minghonktcaqucdn,cnkhinhthngthicaquniv
nhndnnhiuphenthathitbiulnguynvngxinchnhquynnirngbntaykmkp.Thonthnhlpchnhphmidiycngt
rthingoancvkhinhthngkincangiMvnguyncanhndnVitNam.
SaukhilmltuynthchcTngthngnhimkIItrcQuchivongy2851961,anhemngDimthnhlpmtchnhphmi,vtuytuyn
bccittrongthnhphnnhnsnhngthtscngchlnhngngithntnc.Nucvingimithcngchlthngichbitun
mnhtheoch.Cngnhminhnthcvcmtstiphitrvnhimvnhmtsdanhtmi,nhngnhngdanhtnythtrachct
nhlnconen,khngladicaimlicngbytrrngthmnhngthonchnhtrutr.Chnhphmicbabcnhimgmc
PhtngthngNguynNgcThkimBtrngcnhimPhihpPhttrinKinht,ngNguynnhThun,lmBtrngtiPhtngthng
kimBtrngPhtQucphngvBtrngcnhimphihpAnninh,vngTrngCngCu,vnlDnbiuvChtch"ybanChng
PhinCng",gichcBtrngcnhimVnhaXhi.Lctrababcnhim,anhemngDimmunchngtangthchinchnhsch
tnquynnhngthinhcnlgthoncahNg,vtronglcarababcnhimdochnhcngsvinthntnnmgithngthinh
Ngcnglibanhnhnhiusclutcbitnmlyquynhnh,nhngsclutmtiscpvoonsaucachngny.
NgoibavBtrngcnhimtrnycncccng:VvnMu,BNgoigiaoBivnLng,BNivNguynvnLng,BTphp
NguynQuangTrnh,BGiodcNgTrngHiu,BCngdnvHongKhcThnh,BKinhtNguynLng,BTichnhTrnLQuang,
BCitinNngthnTrnnh,BYtHunhHuNgha,BLaongNguynvnDinh,BGiaothngCngchnh(asccvtrny
ucmttihingoi).NgoimtsBtrngcdluncoinhnhntihaylimchnhnhccngTrnLQuang,VvnMu,Trnnh
,NguynvnLng...mtskhccnhng"huynthoi"ring,tuynhinchainhnvtcbitcdlunbntnrtnhiulccngHunh
HuNghavNgTrngHiu.
ngHunhHuNgha(hinPhp)tuyrttrtuivkhngcmtbngcpvnhanonhngngtal"chinhu"catngTrnhMinhTh
citCIALansdalethuytphckoquntchinkhuBenvhptcvianhemngDimtthi5455.ThnphcangNghalmt
nhnhoctinhthncchmng.Nuchcththclkhngcdlunbntn,nhngtkhiciocchmngmangocnghuthngNgha
cnhiuthnhtchmhngcngthncanhNgnhiungikhngcc.Giibochvdnchngthchorngnglovicbnncho
ng Nhu ti Si Gn cng nh mt ngTh trng lo bn n cho ng Nhu ti Lt mi khi ng Nhu i sn bn. D lun khng bit c ng
khng,nhngtheongNguynnhThunklichonhiungiMbitthngNhulnginghinthucphin 4.ngNhuccpmixmen
nhthngthyninhngngihtschnghinngp,thngnchivthngncmtinhngNgha.Vticnglmtbnquencang
BtrnghHunhnnthnhthongcminncmvingNhu,ngThuny.Nhngchuynmccchnhkhchvccvnnghs
SiGnbntnnhiulvonm1956,ngNghachoraimtthiphmtal"VitNamNgyNay"catngTngthngDimnhmt"v
nhngiai,kttinhtrivhnsngni"trongphnktluntcgichimngngthntngdomnhtonnbngcch"Ciuly
trcCaody,cngnhauklnhngngysauxa".ThiphmquinnyvviclobnnchongNhuchcchnnggpvochcvB
trngBLaongmngNghanmchonngytncachNgtriu.ngNghaviticngcchtgiaotnhnntibitnglngi
hinhu,xuxakhnglmhiai,khnggynonviai,nhngtpth"VitNamNgyNay"cangvvicnglobnnchongNhulm
252/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hinhu,xuxakhnglmhiai,khnggynonviai,nhngtpth"VitNamNgyNay"cangvvicnglobnnchongNhulm
chodlunbntnnhiuvbnchtannhbcaanhemngDim.
NgitachnngNgTrngHiu(hinM)vngHiulmBtrngchochnhph"CchmngNhnV"VitNamCngHamgcgcli
khngphilngiVitNam.MnglngiVitnhngcthnphcanglilngiPhiLutTncquctchPhp,vtuyngsinhTh
DuMtnhnglitheoquctchcha.ngtnghclutPhpvvlngiPhp,nnngcchnhphBoHcgichcTrngtyNgn
kh(dithiPhpthucchcngiPhpmicgichcny).ThiPhpthuc,chcTrngtyNgnkhcgil"Percepteur".ngHiu
tngl"Percepteur"LaoKay,HngYntrc1945.NgyNhtBnochnh9345,ngHiubNhtbtchungvimiPhpkiuthibygi.
TytrliVitNam,ngHiulicgichcTrngtyNgnkhtnhAnGiangdiquynTnhtrngNguynNgcTh,nguynlBthca
tonquynDecoux.TchtrigiaochonnkhingThlmPhtngthngchongibnthnlngNgnhDimthngHiucngTh
cvingDimgichcPhtnggimcrilnTnggimcNhaNgnkhTrungng.ConngcngdanhcangHiutmrng
thnhthangtlnhvcchuynmnngbcqualnhvcchnhtr.ngcngThgiithiuvianhemngDimchoilmisVit
NamPhnomPenhlnimhthngginipquct(nhtlginipPhpvCngsnHNi)dngdynhli.Nhngnhngthtbingoi
giaocangCaoMinanvicngSihanoukthinhnvCngsnHNivTrungCng,anvicQuctrngCaoMinquytlit
hntrongvicchngiVitNamCngHavdungtngchoCngsnngquntibingiiMinVitlmxutphtimtncngminNam.
Buncithay,nhngthtbitrongnhimvislilmchongtrthnhBtrngCngdnvchonngychDimsp.Ticnnh
ngyngHiuspcclmistiPhnomPenh,tigpngngichngoiphngitivnphngchnhtrcabcsTuyn.Khing
Tuyntintirakhivnphng,tikhngkhinhncikhithycnhngNgTrngHiu,mtngitolnphpphpphikhomlngcimnh
trcmtngTuynnhthhinlnh.Nhngrithigiantrii,ngTuyn,mttrungthncanhNg,mtbnthntnggipngNhutrn
thotCngsntiThanhHathi1945,dndnbthtsngcuicngphichucimnhh"clmvuathualmTnglnhs"AiCp,th
ngHiulinhdiugpgi,cnhNghtsctnnhimvcnhimchcBtrngCngdnv.TrndanhnghathBnycnthuakm
quynhnhcanhiubkhcnhccBNgoigiao,Niv,Qucphngchnghn,nhngtrnthct,nhtlvocithibuinhiunhnglon
lylcbygithBCngdnvchutrchnhimvvniungnhnlcvthamgiavovicxydngccschlcqucgia.
Thtvy,skinngHiuchhuyccngnhthngtin,tuyntruyn,Cngdnv,skinngHiuphtrchvqucschpchinlc,rilic
trchgiaothipvicctngionhtlviPhtgiotrongbinc1963,nilnciav,quynhnhtolncangta,cngnilnstn
nhimgnnhtuyticaanhemngDimivingta.
Mttiliu(mtiquntn)tiSiGnchobitngHiulemrutcangPhmvnTi,cnglmtngicPhptch,chmtnhschlnti
SiGn(thichintranhPhpVit19451954).ThiHChMinhmicpchnhquyn,ngNgTrngHiucitnhtPaulHiuraHTrng
Hiu,nhngkhiPhptrli,ngvitrvvitnPaulHiu,lcngNgnhDimbtnhngngicquctchPhpphiithnhquctchVit
Nam,ngPaulHiuitnlnnathnhNgTrngHiu.KhitingsngcchmngngiaSiGnnm1963,ngHiutrnvoTaisPhi
LutTnvsauny,dichNguynvnThiu,mtchDimkhngDim,ngHiuccDnbiunvcnhiugiodndictiHNai
nhlngtrungthnhcangivichc,ivianhemngDimngyxa.ngLQuangLutcngrangcticngnvHNainhng
bthtcmcdngLutccngrtlntrongvictchcnhngngiCnggiodicvoNamnm19541955.TheongLut,ngthtc
lvkhngctinthamnccvchactiHNaivnhtlvngtngchngiquytlitanhemngDim.Tngybthtc,dlmt
tnCnggio,ngLutthngthngtrchccvlinhmc,chornghchbitquynlimkhnghbitnntnh.
ngHiuthngcatngngNgnhNhulTrngLnginay.TrngLngctinhnglibitsaukhi"cngthnhththnthoi",trnh
cnn"vtchanhbv"caLHu,tronglcngNgnhNhuchngnhngvtimcnthamquyncvcuicngphichtbtck
t.
DlunchorngvicnhNgtrngdngngNgTrngHiulmtthikhinhthqunchng,coiqucgiahtnhntinnmidng"con
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
DlunchorngvicnhNgtrngdngngNgTrngHiulmtthikhinhthqunchng,coiqucgiahtnhntinnmidng"con
Ty"lmBtrng.HainhnvtNgTrngHiuvHunhHuNghatrongtnnicccangDimvonhimkTngthngthnhbiulmt
cchchnhxcnhtbnchtchDimchlchtrungngtpquynvphongkinquanli,chtindngnhngbtinnhthn.Cnvict
rabaB"cnhim"chochnhthctnquynchlthonutrkhngladicai,chmuathmschnnncangbo,cangminh
HoaKvdlunquctmthi.
*****
VMinNamthcssuyyu,chDimthcslunglayngaytnm1960khinhngbincchnhtrvqunsdndpxyn,nnkhi
mibcchnvotaBchcvounm1961,miuthngucaTngthngKenendylvnVitNam.ngcptclynhngbinphp
cnthitvquantrngxydngliuytnchoTngthngNgnhDimvcuvnminNam.
TngthngKennedyvivphiPhtngthngJohnsonquaSiGnquanstvnghincutnhhnhtich.Trckhirai,Kennedynivi
Johnsonrng:"minNamVitNamangrirm,tacnphigiphmchnhhcngphitgiphna".Qullinibaohmnhiungha
chnhtr,TngthngKennedycngnhPhtngthngJohnsontraochoTngthngNgnhDimmtbcthnghtngqunvinvkinhvin,
c bit l ngh tng qun s ca qun i Vit Nam Cng Ha thm 20.000 ngi, tng lc lng giang thuyn v cn duyn, tng cng sc
mnhchoBoan5...
Cucvingthmbangy11,12,13thng5nm1961canhnvtthhaitrongchnhquynHoaKkhngnhngchchocplnhoticaoM
cmtcinhnchnhxchnvtnhhnhNamVitNam,mcncmcchchngtchoHNivchodnchngminNambitrngMvntip
tcnghmnhmVitNamCngHadislnhocaTngthngNgnhDim.toliuytnchoTngthngNgnhDimvnb
stmqunhiu,khinSiGn,PhtngthngJohnsonaralicangingoigiaollngltnvinhngDimnhmt"WinstonChurchill
ng".NhnglitntngngDimcaPhtngthngJohnsonlmchokgithmthcmcvnhndnVitNamthmbbnguthn.
Thng11nm1961,TngthngKennedylicitngTaylor,cvnquns,vngRostow,cvnanninh,quaSiGncngvichnhph
VitNamCngHathitlpdnnhngnhucuvintradin,cbitlvphngdinquns.HainhchctrchcaocpMkhitrliHoa
ThnhnbocoviTngthngKennedyrngtnhhnhquthtnguykchnhngvncncthchinthngcCngsn,viiukinlM
phicptctolitinhthnlcquanvquytchinchominNamVitNam.Ttrnhnirng:"VintrdidovrnglngcaMcvtilc,
nhnlcchomingnhthucccccudns,quns,cthanktqulchDimcthccitinhcchquytchin"6.
Trongnhngnm61v62,tuychnhquynKennedycthtsutvymtrchominNamVitNamnhngticthay,chnhschymtr
chcngcthmuytnvavringcangDimangblclngchlccatnclqunichngi.ChnhquynKennedykhng
dmquytlitihingDimphithchinmtcuccicchsurngtrongschhavhngmnhhachmchnghnhngcicch
phindinnanhemngDimcngkhnglutmn.Trongphntucanhimk,tuyvnVitNamtimnnhngyutphctpv
nghimtrngnhngTngthngKennedyvnchalyccbinphpctmquantrngthchngvvnhyvngminNamnichung,vch
Dimniring,dcsailmsuynhcnhngvncncthsasaitcngc.
RingivinhndnVitNam,vitrnbynmcmquyncaanhemngDim,ngiqucgiaminNamkinhquanhiukinhnghimxng
muvichnnhontonthtvng,khngcntintngnilinivviclmcangtana.RrngnhtlanhemngDimvnkhnghc
c mt bi hc no sau mt nm 1960 y sng gi, khng chu cnh tnh trc s cng phn cng khai v quyt lit ca qun nhn vn c
ngoanctiptctcphongkhinhthqucdnvtiptcchnhschquntrtncmtcchhphinguxun.Chngcrrnglnhngvlng
bt,giamcm,sthingiqucgiailp,vntiptcvtiptcquytlithn.ChngcrrnglvNgnhNhukhinhthvmtstngi
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
bt,giamcm,sthingiqucgiailp,vntiptcvtiptcquytlithn.ChngcrrnglvNgnhNhukhinhthvmtstngi
qucgiailptrongHinghionkt.Chngcrrnglvicthnhlpmtchnhphmigmhuhtnhngtaychnthntn,khngc
thnhtchvthccchmng.
Tronglc,Vitcnglikhnkhokhaithcnhngchinthngcanm1960tungranhngttincnghunghnhntrongnm1961v
nhngnmtiptheo.Mivonm1961mVitcnglmchtnhhnhnhiuni,lintiptncnghtqunlnynqunlkhc,sthi
nhiuQuntrng,Dnbiu,PhtnhtrngvdmtncngvotnhlKinHa(ngy141961).ccngVitcngcnglintipkhngb,
tbom,nmlunngaygiathnhSiGn,ChLn,dmxua2.500dncctnhlnSiGnbiutnhphricucbucTngthng
(ngy941961).VitcngcngdmtncngcngtrngaNhim,mtkhuvcnitingantonchthuaThSiGn,btvhstcQun
trng n Dng. Ngy 2861961, trong cuc hnh qun ca qun i Vit Nam Cng Ha vo chin khuT Hp (bin gii tnh NinhThun v
KhnhHa),qunlctaphinguvimtlclng1.500Vitcng,cngnilnscmnhctnhcchquymcaVitcngcahai
tnhthngccoilanninhnhtminTrung.Ngy1671961,Tiuon502caVitcngdmcngkhaicnghmmtTiuonNhydgia
ban ngy ti M Qu (Kin Phong). Ngy 1891961, Vit cng tn cng, chim ng, t ph tnh l Phc Thnh lm cho Thiu t Tnh trng
NguynMinhMn,Phtnhtrngvnhiuvinchcdns,qunsbsthi.Ngy1101961,itHongThyNam,TrngphionVit
NamlinlcviyhiQuctKimsotnhchinlnthmtriringtiThc,khuvcccoilantongnThSiGn,bVitcngbt
ccvgitcht.VicnylmchoTngthngDimphivitthbongviTngthngKennedyvchtrngxmlngcaHNi...Tichk
quamtthotngcaVitcng,nhngnhnvobnminNamnm1961thnhngvtgiihnbanuttlantakhpminNam,t
tuynuQungTrvonCMauheoht,tDuynHitrphlnnCaoNguynmumri.
Trchoncnhbit,ngiqucgiakhngthcnginhnanhemngDimvch"CnLaoCnggio"btlcvthintkiabmlya
vvxdnbndVitNamchorchntthm.HnhnnhrngnuchDimtntithhskhngcmtcmaynosinhtnvh
vaphichnggicngoivadpthtrong,nnngiqucgiaminNamhtlpnynlpkhc,knybbtbgitthkkhclivngln.
Biuhinrrngnhtlmtbincvounm1962,tngtiuditctrnhNgnh.
*****
Sngngy2721962,khong7gi,tiangchunbnvnphngthbngnghenhngtingnddi,rimtvngkhiennghtcuncunt
phadinhcLptalncao,tronglctrnbutriqun1vqun2thnhph,haichicchinucangbaylntheoihnhtcchin.Khng
cn phi kim chng ti cng bit c dinh c Lp b nm bom nh ch cch y 2 nm, ngy 1031960, dinh Tng thng Sukarno Nam
Dngcngbphicbnph.
TibnlnxechyngayvodinhcLpnhngnniththycavodinhngkn,qunphngvPhtngthngbtrtrongtthtc
chincbnmt.TigptngNguynKhnhdcngnnhaichngtibntrlitheophacngngNguynDumvo.Nhnthycnhtri
dinhcLpbsp,tinghrngvchngNgnhNhubtrngbomri,khngngkhinmtcnphngnhhpngaydicuthang
chnhcaphngisnh,nixyctvngchcnht,ththyTngthngDim,gianhngNgnhNhuvtnhcliccGimmcNgnh
Thcna,angngichenchctrn.Mingiimthintht,mtmyxanhnhtulchui.Trccnhtng,tngKhnhvtivichorilui
ra.Khongmtgisau,mtsquancaNhaAnninhQuninbochotibitHiQunbnhmtchicchinuccaKhngquntrn
sngNhB,cchHiquncngxngchvicys,vbitcvinphicnglTrungyPhmPhQuc,cnchicmybaythhaith
mtdng.Tivo"hm"trnhbytschongDimbit,bygimingimilctcira.VcngchonlcmicmtnhnvincaPh
bochobitngaytrnvtrtrncnmtqubomkhngn.NhvymcgianhngDimucbnhanchtrbNhubthngnhv
gchvngtrngvongi.Miquanstquaquangcnhtibitnhcanhmphicng"phnlon"vnkhngchstngDimmch
mungitvchngNgnhNhumthi.
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Saumygi,ngDimralnhdiPhtngthngvdinhGiaLongtckhc,chlimtscquanphthuctinhngnginhnhtrong
Dinh.
Sovibinc11111960,vnmbomkhngxyratuntcthlpngDimcthgiiph.Tingnlongtrilt(nglnh"tri
ging"xungdinhcLp)nmtcchbtthn,khngnhnglmspcikintrcbiutngchouyquyncangmcnlmspch
trongmygiphtngnngi,cinimtinthinmnhthnbtlubmchtlytmlcang.
Chvokhongvitingnghsautingstchnhtr,ngDimgitiitheongvnginhTrngbitlpgcngNguynDuCng
LtrongvngrocaDinh.Trcyvipht,giamng,ngcgngbnhtnhgiththngcamtnhlnhoganlkhngxao
xuyntrcmiththch,nhngkhinngitrongcnnhvnglngchchaithytr,khunmtcanglhnvbunphin.Ngiimlngn
hn5phtngmihiti:"MucbitthngQuckhng?"TibitngmunhiTrungyPhmPhQucnhngvchanmvngtnhhnhnn
tichtrli:"Thac,nunilPhmPhQucthylngiQungNamthucgingdicPhmPhTh".NghetinincitnPhmPh
Th,ngDimlinchaumy.Hnaiht,ngbitrtinbiPhmPhThtnglmquanNamTriu,tnglmTunVBnhThunnimng
cthitrnnhm,ngcngbitclngiQungNamnianhrutngtnglmTngc.CPhmPhThlmtnhnhotuyralmquan
vothiTybtuhxTrungKnhngClunlunhnhxmtcchthanhlim,cngtrcvtngtthibtkhutivingiPhp
nncgiisphuvnhndnminTrunghtlngngngm.ngDimlngimangnhiuti,tnhtnhlicaongo,ngtchomnhcng
lnhnvttntui,tingtmkhngthuagPhmtinbimsaoconchudnghPhmlidmnmbomdinhcLp.onbitttngca
ng,tinghthmclngDimangutclm.Cichaumybtthnhlnhhmchamtstcgincaovbsnhc.ngchhicngn
rilingiim,lmlbunb,cpmtmchiurachiusuynghlunglm.Timunphtanbukhngkhimlngnngnrtkhchuchoti
tronggiphtphiidinvivnguynthqucgiaangbunbcvmtcnhngvalgiabinvalqucbinmchnhtitnhiucliv
khngchutonctrchnhimkhmphnhngmmuphnlontrongquni.gintipaningvcngcphntrnving,tini:
"Thac,quaphngphpvmctiucavnmbomthhnhnhbn"phnlon"chmuntcchintcthnggitngbCvnmthi,h
khngmunlmhic.Hnna,qubomtrnlucuthangkhngn,tclsmngcaccnvngvnglm".Nimyli,ticmun
nhckhochongDimbitrngqunnhnchthghtvchngNgnhNhumthi.Nicchkhctichmunnhcchongbitchnhanh
em,bconcangmilnhngnguynnhnchnhgytaihachong,vquang,hgytaihachotnc.
TiontluringDimbitrngNhukhngati,nhngvnmbomdinhcLpmchlgitngbNhu,nhthmmtbng
chngnilnvicqucdnthonngbNhunttchongDimthyrngngNhughttilmtthisailm,thiusngsut.Clv
thmsauvnmbomngy2721962,ngDimcngngycngtvthngmntihn.ThicndinhcLp,thngthngvithngmt
lnngmigitivDinhbanmnichuynths,nhngtngysonvdinhGiaLong,cvitunlnglichogitivonichuyni
ckhin2,3gisngmichmdt,lmchosquantyvinvnggin,ngiyttrungthnhcang,phithcmchuchc(hinnayti
hingoicChuvnLclsquantyvinvothi).ClngianhticgianhmtbnPhpcvnchoPhtngthnglngMourer
mincmtitinhring,nhngvonggibtuncm,ngDimchogitivoDinhlmchochngtiphiinnammibtu
baticdtronglcnginichuynving,tivilnnhckhochuyngianhtiangitinhngbMourer(ngMourersaukhivPhp
lmCvnHnhchnhchoTngthngGeorgesPompidouvhinsngParis).Nhium,haithytrangsaysavuichuynnhngkhinghe
tingdpcangNhuitithngDimvinhnhboti:"ThianhvikongNhuti".Chnhcchcxthntnhlicnglmchoti
thngmnngnhiuhnmcdtikhngcntmthyningmtngicvcdngxngnglnhoqucgiana.Mithmtnhthm
thitkodichonkhibincPhtgioxyra,rivngDimqubbncngvic,qubiribunbc,giangvtikhngcnnhnglntm
tnhvobanmnhtrcna.
TinginhTrng,ngDimvtiangngiimlngmingimangringmttms,vcpmtchaithytrnhmunaltrcmtbinc
htschihngthbngnhintngNguynKhnhbcvo.TngKhnhtvbngrrtkhithychcngDimvti,nhngngDimvi
256/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
htschihngthbngnhintngNguynKhnhbcvo.TngKhnhtvbngrrtkhithychcngDimvti,nhngngDimvi
vlylibnhtnhriboti:"ThiMuvloviciutrai".
KhitivnNhathAnninhHiqunbtcTrungyPhmPhQucvAnninhKhngqunbtcTrungyNguynvnnh,anh
rutcaTrungyphicngNguynvnCri.Ti,chngtingheciphtthanhNamVangthngbovicchnhphCaoMinbtc
NguynvnCvchicphicqunscaVitNamCngHadoCli.
TixungphngiutracaiySinh(TrungtSinhhinM),thyhaisquanvabbtmtmythmtm,sngvtrngrtngthng.Ti
ralnhngngngaycuchicungvchodnQucvnhvphnggiamtmcaNha.Bahmsau,bmcaPhmPhQuc(hinM)t
Nngvoxingpticphpthmcon.Lutphpcngnhthnglkhngchophpaicthmvingmtitiphmvamibbt,nhng
lngtmringliboticchobccgpcontrongcnhonnn.ChnhtichthndnbcvophnggiamthmQucvkhiva
thyQuc,bcvngivbnhtnhlicnmmmicirihicon:"Vsaomtconsngcylnnhth?"Quctrli:"Tham,khimybayrt
xungnc,mtconngvothnphic".Tibitrngntmtbnhtnhvncitrnmibcchlthignggobnngoichegiu
lngdanghohoncab.CngnhvicQuckhngnilnsthtbtratncngchlchegiumcyntm.Tikhmphcm
QucnhmtbMnhMu,ticmphcQuclngidngs,titnghhthtxngnglducon,chuchtcagianhPhmPhtinsinh,
niquhngcaTrnQuCp,PhanChuTrinh,TrnCaoVn,...Tilinthavibc:"ThaBc,anhQucmungiuBc,chnhnhnvin
iutracatitrakhoanhtannimangthngtchnngn.TixinliBcvxinBccyntm,tnayskhngcnhngvhnhh
viQucnau".Cchkhimtncatiivimtgiainhcanphmcnbxngngvminmsau,Qucanhdngnn
nctrongmtphivnmbomBcVit,chvmuncubnmanhphivnhbitquhngtnctivngCmXuyn,HTnh.
VnmbomdinhcLpdongNguynvnLctchcvlnho.ngLclngiminBc,mtngvinkcucaVitNamQucDn
ngvcngtngquenbitnhiuvingNgnhNhu.ngLcltcgibn"TuynngnConngi"rtnitingtronggiichnhtrSiGn.
ngphngiihthngmdngNghnhtrongKinhdchngphngarathuyt"Nhnch"chngliquannimvtrvnhnsinhca
CcMccngnhcaccgioltniucaThinChagio,chtrngtnthmtngChatvnnng.TheongLcthmunchngCng
cunc,phithchinchnhnchdatheothuytmdngNghnh...
ngNguynvnLclthngicngngh,mlcnnngtadmcnhnghnhngtobo,tcchintcthng.ngllunmtcchtuy
nginnhngrthplrngivimtgianhcon,mchvnhnmlingoancnhgianhhNgthchchaicchix:mtl
uhnghkimmingnhchungchocnhnmnh,hailpchontuhcplychnhquynmchngCngcunc.Cnthinch
xydng,hagiihayonktthchcchnkhngcmhachmnhiukhicnrchavothn.
Do,vosng27262,khiTrungyNguynvnC(contraingNguynvnLc)vngchlTrungyPhmPhQucclnhthchinphi
vhnhquntiQunkhuT,khivactcnhkhiphiocacncKhngqunBinHa,haiphicnglinihngbayvSiGnthc
hincucnmbomvogiphtmvchngNgnhNhuangsaysagicip.TronglcthTrungyNguynvnnh(anhrutcaNguyn
vnC,mtsquanKhngqunthuccncTnSnNht)cnhimvgilinlcgiaBchhuyochnhvhaiphicng"phnlon"theo
ngkhochnh.
SaunyngLcchotibitnucucnmbomthnhcng,tiuditcvchngNgnhNhuthmttronghaitrnghpcthxyra:Mtl
ngDimsvmtemrut,bcchnhtrmngvnphinngda,nnbunphinrittbavhailngtascngiMkhuyn
cotiptclnhoqucgiatrongtthlmthichonngymt"Qucdnihi"baogmcctngio,ngphi,cctchcqunchng
khcvqunicthnhhnhnhntrchnhimlnhotnc.ngLccngchotibitldongkhngmungitngDimlvng
khngmunlmchoHoaK,vnangmnhmnghngDim,phixcngdnnnhngphnngbtlihocnhnghqutiucccho
minNam.
257/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
minNam.
Saukhithtbi,ngLctrnvBinHa,xungtcvbnonusngsngnhmtnhtuhnhnnptchanyquachakhc,thnhthong
ngvthmnhvlinlcviccngchcatchc.
TchccangLc,theoktquiutracaNhati,chgmcgianhngta,mtsngvinVitQucnhnhbotntuiVNgcCc,
giosNguynMu,TrungyKhngqunPhanNg,vmtsngikhc.NgoiracncngNguynXunK(hinM),trngnamcabcs
NguynXunCh,linhmcNguynvnDngBaNgivngPhanXngLt.LinhmcNguynvnDngvngPhanXnglnhngngi
tnghtlngnghngDimtrongnhngnmukhingDimmicmquyn.RingvphaQuni,ngLctchcnhngtiuttrong
ccnvnhnghchcnhimvsnsngicucnmbomthnhcnglphtngphongtrobinhsnidyhngngcuccchmng
vndngqunlcymtrchotchc.
Saungynmbommttunl,vphadns,nhnvincaNhatichmibtgiosNguynMu,ngNguynXunKvvinginath
ticlnhcangNhuphibttonthgianhcangLcvgiamgilmcontinhucthlmplcbtchnhphm.Tibnphii
btbLc,vconTrungyC,Trungynh,giamgitiNhaAnninhQuninhngkhngbtiyNguynvnNngvtiugianhanhta,v
tictnhchogianhngLccncngithntdongoilolngvicgianhtronglctongiabnmtrongvnglaol.(iyNngl
contraitrngcangLclcbygiphcvtiBTngthammu,hinsngtiTexas,HoaK)SauCchmng11163,gianhngLctrv
ont,iyNngthnglmngilinlcgiangLcvtilcbygitrnnibntrik.
Mythngtriqua,tikhngbtthmainangoitrnhngngik,chngnhngthticntrtdochogiosNguynXunK(anhrut
TrungtNguynXunPhthinSanJos)vkhinghincuhsthyngltrngnamnhcchmngNguynXunChmtirtknhtrng.
TimiringngKlnvnphngvaanivatlngkhmphcchhngcang,nhngchuynlithmhicatilnthnphng
ritrtdochongvnh.TicngtrtdochoTrungyKhngqunPhanNgsaukhibitcNglcontraicasgiaPhanKhoang,mt
nhnsQuangNamkhknhmtiquenbithn10nmtrc(gianhanhPhanNghinsngtiSanJos,HoaK).
ClnhnghnhngcatintaingNgnhNhuchonnticlnhVnphngCvnChnhtrphichuynnivquaNhaCng
anthl,tichgilihaisquanKhngqunlTrungyPhmPhQucvTrungyNguynvnnh.
BincnmbomdinhcLpnhmtv"triging"lmxcngnngntmtanhemngDimchonnngDimnghingnhiungibit
trcvnmbomtrongccngonThm.
KhixyravnmbomdinhcLp,BtrngQucphngNguynnhThunvitNguynXunVinh,TlnhKhngqun,cncngduti
iLoan,haingvitrvncngaysaungyxyrathmha.VnSiGn,hvivvovnanTngthnglinbngDimhingay:"C
phiccngbittrcvnmbomnnbirancngoiphikhng?".TtnhincBtrngvTlnhKhngqunulosvngcnhin.
TngyxyravnmbomdinhcLp,clTngthngDimkhngcntnnhimitVinhnavngbiulrrtthillvivTlnh
Khngqun.NguynnhnchnhlmchongTngthnggimbtlngtinviitVinhkhngphivVinhclimvnhnglidmphacamt
sngitrongdinhTngthng,nhngngiccmtnhviTrungtHunhHuHin,vinphicngcTngthnghtscthngmn.
TigpNguynXunVinhtngyhaichngticnNhaTrang(nm1955)lcticngichcTlnhPhnkhuDuynHi,cnVinhlmtThiu
yphicngcncNhaTrangngthicnglgiostontitrngtrunghcVTnh.Lcbygitithngnghenhiuphhuynhhcsinhv
mtsgioscangiVinh,nntihithmvngmiutravconngicaNguynXunVinhhutchcngtavoPhongtrocchmng
Qucgia.
258/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Qucgia.
SaukhibitVinhtngbnhmsquancatngNguynvnHinhchnpganhght,bitVinhcbngCnhnTon,bitphongcchnghong
caVinh,bitVinhrtthngminhvcchln,tithmnghphitincVinhvingDimmtnhnticaqunikhibmaimt.
NhngritibmtchcTlnhPhnKhuDuynHi,biiPhp,VinhcngiPhpctraudithmkthutngnhKhngqun.
Nm1958,khitivchhuyngnhAnninhQuni,VinhphcvticncTnSnNht,tibnemhscaVinhtrnhbyvingDimv
btVinhlmThammutrngBTlnhKhngqun.TicnmangthamvngbtVinhlngichcTlnhKhngqunvinmsauna.
Trckhi"y"Vinhlnnmgiquynchhuybinhchngtrngyucaquni,timun"sotxt"conngicaVinhmtlncht,tibnrVinh
ixemtvi.ThyquccngTrnQuCp,saukhinivgiathcaVinh,thithucaVinh,tnhtnhcaVinh,bnktlun:
"Tuinyhinnaylmtsquancaocp,nhngriysgimtavrtln,avchhuyquantrng.Tuynhinvonm(tikhngcnnhnm
no)tuinysbngvcchtiptchchnhvstrthnhmttins,mtgiosihcnitingtrntrngquct".
Quththainmsau,mcdkhngcnmangcpbcTrungt,VinhcngDimcgichcTlnhKhngqun,lngtirnlnnimsung
sng.Mthmchnht,hnhnhsaubincochnhcaNhyd,ticnngiungtrvinhtitinhringthbngVinhtiviqunphc
trng.Vinhchobitvanhncnghnhthngcpit,vrttrongtiracpcphiucbahoamaitrngrini:
"Tngyquenbitit,bititlngiccpmtxanh,bititlochoisqucgiaitinhmthins.HmnaynhncNghnh
thngcpit,tinynhitchthngncp"lon"itlnvaiticnchtntring".Sauhaichngtichpchungmt
tmhnhknim.
BitrngVinhrtcnmt,khngmunaibitcungcchxthkhnngoantnhivimtngitrik,nhngmylinicaVinhlmchov
chngtivcngcmkch,timchonglyVinhtlicmnvkhenngi.
Vinhrav,tingicmnhlicuchuynTrngLngtnggiithiuHnTnviLuBang,mngchoTngthngDimcmtTrungthnvn
vtonti.
Nhngrihoncnhtnc,bnchtcachDimayitNguynXunVinhkhngitheobcchncaHnTnlmkngutrung,
khiphichtoankhinnhTgiVnghHn.
ThinghingcangDimsauvnmbomdinhcLpvchthtnhntmcaCnggioCnlaobucconngikhphch,cchln
nhNguynXunVinhtgibinhnghip,tgiavcaosangtiptcconngvnhc.BitTngthngDimkhngcntintngmnhna,
NguynXunVinhxintchc,xingiingvxinihcHoaK.ngtrthnhmtkhoahcgiatntuiemvvanglichotncquhng
ngnhlitinoncathytviSiGnnmn.iviti,tngyVinhrikhiquhng,giahaichngtikhngcnlinlcgnachon
nm1976timinhncthVinhtMichigangilithm,khiVinhbitticngtiSacramento,HoaK.
NguynXunVinhkhngchlmtcuTlnhKhngqunVitnam,khngchlmtkhoahcgia(cchntrongHnLmVinKhoahcPhp),
mcnlmtnhvn.AnhtngvitcuniPhiCngvibthiuTonPhong,nilntmtnhvchhngcamtchngtraithilon,mtchin
syunctungmyltgichothachbnhsanh.Schcaanhcgiinamnthanhnincathpnin60htscngngm."iPhiCng"
cgiinhtnghngvitcphm"ThnThpRa"cagiosVKhcKhoantronggithngvnchngtonqucnm1960,ctrin
259/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cgiinhtnghngvitcphm"ThnThpRa"cagiosVKhcKhoantronggithngvnchngtonqucnm1960,ctrin
lmtiphngKhnhtitthnhSiGn,ngy641961.
QuthtcucivsnghipNguynXunVinhnglmchongiisuygm,nglmgngchothhthanhnin.Tmthnsminqu
BcVit,lnlnthnhlpgianhviincamtvithnNamTriu,hchnhtqungmricngthnhtiritrthnhmtnhnvtvnv
tontichticVinhsinhbtphngthi,khnggpcnhlnhoqucgiaanhminhlilcVinhphcvchoxsquhngtrongthily
lon.
SaungyltchDim,cuinm1963,ttcmichnhtrphmqucgiaucthotcnhngct,gianhont.
ngNguynvnLcvtitrckiahaichintuyninghch,nhngsaukhichDimblt,ngLcvtitrthnhibntmgiao,
thngluitinhnhauhnhuyntms.
ngLcnthmtinglicmnixttvigianhvnhngngchcang.ngchobittkhigianhngbchuynquaNha
Cngan,hbhnhhtratndmandhchlnbcontr.
VocuithiNguynvnThiu,tronggiaionhotngcaocaPhongtroChngThamNhng,ngdnmtngibnnnhtivgii
thiullinhmcNguynHcHiu(hinPhp),bcchnhtrcalinhmcTrnHuThanhanglChtchPhongtro.ngLcchobitcha
ThanhnhchaHiunmingthamgiaPhongtronhngngtrlilphicThiutngMucngthamgiathngtaminhn,vthchaHiu
nnhti.ChaHiuchotibitngidinchochaThanhnmitithamdPhongtroChngThamNhng,nhngtiltchingay.Ti
nhchaHiuthalivichaThanhrngtixincmttmtnhtrikcaNgi,cbitlNgivitbixphngticngvi12"tngsch"khc
trnnhtboHaBnh,nhngtikhngththamgiavoPhongtrocaNgivnhiuldomldoutinlasngiCnggiothghttiv
tithamdcuccchmng111nm1963,trongkhiPhongtrotrnmttchclinngmuscCnggiovihuthuncamtshoti
SiGnvPhCam.KhngbitcphivtitchilimicachaThanhmsaunykhngthytncangNguynvnLctronghngng
cplnhocaPhongtrona.
*****
QuytnhcatikhitrtdochongNguynXunK,TrungyPhanNghockhngbtlinhmcNguynvnDngvccngPhanXng,V
NgcCc...nmtronghngbovnhngchinsqucgiavnlscmnhthcschngCng.Nutibtlitvlinhvimttriu
nhmcntanglmchoCngsnsinhsinynmauchngtiminNam,mmitrngviukinchnhtrcngnhhoncnhcnhnca
tilcbygikhnggiptiquytlitlynhnghnhngtrongschhach,thtisaolingncnngbotihocnhngchinskhclm
vic.hngnycthchinvcthnghiunnchsunmsau,tichnhnhthamdvothnhphnlnhocamtlc
lngchnhtrcqunchngngotiminNammngayckgiquctcnghtscch.
Vomtbuisngmahnm1967,tiangngiungchntrmaitrongphngkhchnhringtingGiaLongSiGnthbngthymtlo
trngmcqucphc,uikhnnhiuTamGianglnvnh,mnhmcolamununht,chnigiyh,dngiukhoanthaiivonh,theo
saucmttrungninbnuphcentchnh.Thylotrngcv"tinphongoct",tuithttun,tivirathmnmilotrngvo
nh.ngCnmtnciritxng:"TilNguynXunChy,cnngnylngLVinh,mtngvinDuyDnvltrngnamcalo
thisNamTrnTunKhi".
Saukhichkhchanta,tilintrnhbynhnghiubitcamnhvtingtmcaCnhrvtrtntrngcaCtrongbuitngkins
khi:"ThaC,cngheClmtnhnstBcHtrc1945,hotngcchmngtrongphongtroCng,bPhplngbtCphi
260/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khi:"ThaC,cngheClmtnhnstBcHtrc1945,hotngcchmngtrongphongtroCng,bPhplngbtCphi
trnvoSiGncngnhngDim.CtnggichcPhkhmsaiBcVitchochnhphTrnTrngKim,dmralnhcholnhBoanbn
voVitMinhkhihncpchnhquynBcBPhvonm1945trongkhichaconKhmsaiPhanKToithlihotngchoVitMinh.Trong
nhngnmchintranhPhpVit,bitPhpkhngthctnhgiaotrclpchoVitNam,Cthnhlp"ThanhNiniQucon"tranhu.C
NguynXunChcngviccngNgnhDim,VnhDy,LTon,VvnAntrong"ybanKinquc"nghKNgoiHuCng
thiquniNhtBnchimngngDng.(Xemthm"VitNamNinBiuNhnVtChi"tr.63).KhingDimcQuctrngBoic
lmThtngmiCgichcPhthtng,nhngCkhngchuhptcvingtavCbitrconngihphicangtavtcluiv
vinghysmthmlnhotinhthnchonhngngphiangbmthotng.ThmtichacdpytkinCcCdyd,hm
nayClichthnnnhmttnlnhgidtnt,nhrngnnhtm,quthtlmtihnhchoti".CChnmtnciritipliti:
"KrachonhmnaytiminthmThiutnglqumunri,rtkhngphiphpiviThiutng,nhngxinThiutnghiu
cho,nutinthmlcThiutngcncquynhnh,nciubttinchoti.Hmnaynytrchtltlnghohipvinnhnv
ThiutngtrtdochocontraitilNguynXunKvkhoandungchonhiungvinccngphidhcitivichngDim.
PhcvchochngDimmThiutnglibnhvcchechngiqucgiailp,cungcchcxcaThiutngththimhoickhcg
"cnhsentrongbn"bnngoihuhtnhnganhemngphi,anhemcchmngcangiThiutnglm.Cngvthmmtsanhemnhti
hmnaynmiThiutnggianhpLclngDntcVitgmnhiuhphicacctngiovngphidotiuvnnglmmt
cigchovic"cunguydntc".
SaukhicucCchmngbdangdvocuinm1963,tithychnchngvinhntnhththi,unm1965,dchaphilgi,tib
cc"tngtr"btphigiing.Nm196566,libcctngKhnh,Thiu,KbtiantrtiKomtumvNhaTrang.Hnna,trccnhxotrn
catnc,lngtitrnnnguilnh,khngcnnhittmhotngchnhtrcchmngna.TinhtchilimicacNguyn
XunChnhngringhnCdamitcbcmcnutchovnmnhtnc,licnchthnntnnhkugi,hmnhlikhngbit
cu"thtphuhutrch"haysaonntinhnlithamgia"LclngDntcVit".
Tilinghrngtrongthigiantrcnm1945,tuytichotngcchmngchngPhptrongPhongtroCngdongDimlmlnhtti
minTrung,nhngciphongtrocangDimchphnnhtnhtnhvcungcchlmviccangnnlmtonthlumthum,khngct
chc,hunluyn,klut,quycght,naygianhpvomtlclngcnhiulnhtngphicthnhtchutranhcchmng,ckinhnghim
hotng,ckinhnghimtchc,ucnglmtchichomnhhchithm.
"LclngDntcVit"docNguynXunChvanhPhanBCm,mtlnhtHaHo,ChtchHiNhnQuynVitNamkhixng.Ngoira
cncnhngnhnvtkhcnhccngXunTngDngNhThunidinchongiVit,PhmThnhGiangidinchongDuyDn,
TNguynMinh,ngingchsmtcaCNguynHiThn,idinchoCchMngngMinhHi,linhmcHongQunhvngTrnvnL
idinchoThinChagio,ngTrnQuangVinhidinchoCaoi,ThngtaPhpTriidinchoPhtgio,BiLng,idinchocc
nghipontdo,vrtngnhngnhns,chnhkhchkhc.cbitlicnhiucC,cTNhohccnstlinhCTChngPhng
chnghn.CngiosTrnNgcNinh,hcgiNguyncQunh,ngTrnvnTuyn,ThiLngNghim,NguynvnLc,PhmVK,Nguyn
NgcHuy,Trnvnn...nhngnginytuykhnggianhpLclngnhngccmtnhviLclng,thnhthongghlitrstrungng
caLclngngHngThpTnggpthmnhiukin,...ChocaLclngllthuyt"Nhnch"vchtrngcaLclng
lthchinmt"xhinhnbn"cnglinktviccnctamchmtin,xydngmtthgiihabnhvthnhvng,mttrttkinht
bnhsnvcngbng.BntuynngncaLclnglmttcphmchnhtrcnhiugiitrthctrongvngoisinhhotchnhtrtiSi
Gnngngm(anhHThRuytvmtsonvinLclng,khivtbinraitmtdovonm1975,cmangtheobntuynngnnyv
ccanhPhmQucTr,LvnHonhv.v...phbintrnnguytsanThcTnhxutbntiLosAngeles,HoaK).
Mtlclngchnhtrthanhth,thclcnhvymtilicclmnhtPhchtchtronglcnhngnhcchmngnhccngXun
TngDngNhThun,nhTNguynMinhsutihinthnchotnc,haynhngTrnvnLvthyccati,mtvcuTngcni
261/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngDngNhThun,nhTNguynMinhsutihinthnchotnc,haynhngTrnvnLvthyccati,mtvcuTngcni
tingoc,limchnhlichulmnhPhchtchhaygichcyvinTrungngkhintikhngdmnhnli.Tivinranhiuldot
chomnhkhngxngngnhnlnhavthhaicaLclngtchi,nhngmingiungthanh"pbuc"nntiphivngli.Hl
lunrng,tuytikhngcthnhtchutranhvxthnhysinhnhnhiunhnvtcchmngtrongLclng,nhngchmtvicti"trongbn
mchnghitanhmibn",chmtvictihysinhdanhli,tnhngharingtchochnhnghachungtchccucltnhNghugiithot
chonhndnvngphi,tngiokhitaichcaNgtriu,ththivhnhngcnglmtthnhtchtolnri.
TuyLclngDntcVit(vngaycbntngioln)khngtocsnghipcunckhinnCngsntrongmtgiaionmdntcgp
qunhiukhkhnphctp,liphinguviqunhiukthgiamtquhngngptrnkhilachtchc,nhngchonbygi,nhn
lisutccuci,tivnchorngscmtcatitrongLclngstcnhviccngchtrongnlcculygiangsnvdntcl
mtvinhdlnlaonhttrongcucihotngchnhtrcamnh.
Raidimitranhngho,mcichamttmb,lnlngiacnhncngbnly,dangdvichchnh,xutthnlilmtanhikh
xanh,tikhngnghrngscngycChsNgnhDimktnplmchinhutrongPhongtroCngchngTyginhclp,c
ngycmtdanhstBcHlCNguynXunChchthnnnhtn,cngyclinhmcTrnHuThanh,ChtchPhongtro
ChngThamNhngvitbocangil"Tngsch",licnhngnhlmvnhatingtmnhongV,ThivnKim,TrnNgcNinh,
PhngTtc,NguyncQunh,LvnSiu,MaiNgcLiu,HongTrngMin,NghimXunHng,NguynNgcHuy,Vvni,HiuChn,...
xemnhbnbtrik.Nhngtmcmiviti,mtkxutthntcnhnghnvithndlmtvinhhnhlmri,nhngtivnchovic
gianhpLclngDntcVitliuvinhdlnlaonht.cchiasutvsinhhotchungvinhngthnhphnqucgiachnchnh,nhng
nhnvtmpltngDntc,Nhnch,msutichxngphautranhchoclp,dnch,tdocatnc.Nhngnhnvtttitbn
phngtricaquhngyuduthucmitngiovngphichungloviccunguydntc,nhthbotikhngthosaoc.Ngi
conxcxtuykhngcucmhinVitNamquacntrngbnhnhngnhngsuyt,dnvt,thnthcngymcngcthchngtlng
hiuthocangiconri.
aunthay,LclngDntcVitangtrntchc,phongtro,hunluyn,thngichacaLclng,vlnhotinhthnyuytnl
cNguynXunChlivnhvinrai.CChrai,LclngDntcVitmtimtngichosngsut,ringtimtimtngitrik,mt
ngibnvongnin.Ngychnhtangl,ticcconthchnhtrchnhkhingquanticngvibynhnvtkhclccngTrnNgc
Ninh,PhanBCm,HongCThy,HongCBnh,PhmBiuTm(vhainginamtiquntn).TinghatrangBcVit,trchngvn
ngi,giosPhmBiuTmciuvntinabchuynhtrng,bcthyvciPht,giasthngticcahngngnnhnschnh
khchminNam.
KhicChmtritimibitcangvitddangthinhik,mtikhngngclidnhchotimtvinhdlnlao:Cdnhhnmtonba
tranggiycpnciduynknggiagianhcvti.VsaukhictthrithngNguynXunKtheophongcchcamtgianh
nhophongnnp,cmidpTtmlchlinnhtithaymtBcthnmuchcmngnmmivmnngythinglingcadntc
nglicmtchttnhtringngyxa.
Sauthngtnm1975,trongsnhnglnhtLclngDntcVit,tikhngbitcbaonhiuvthotcrancngoi,tintcdndpcho
bitnhnglnhtcaLclngDntcVitnhPhanBCm,PhmThnhGiang,TrnQuangVinh,BiLng,TNguynMinh,v.v...ubt
ysthi,khngngmthmtinhncthcaanhXunTng,vnhPhchtchcaLclng:
Houston,Nov.,1977
KnhanhMu,
262/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
KnhanhMu,
Cchytluticgianhmtlth,khngbitanhnhnccha?cboVitNamHiNgois11thyqungcothinhik"MtCn
DuB",titinlthinhikcaanh.
Cngvicchngtivntinhnhuvthulmctnhiuktqu.NhnghintnhvbitonngDngcnchanhiuns,phigp
nhaumimxcmitnhtitvcngviccngnhnhns.Tihyvngmtngygnscdpgplianh.
xoadumtphnnonimuthncamtchinsbitngibitvicmnhmangmihnvkhnggpthi,xintnganhbiththhai.
XunTng
TinhncthcaanhXunTunghnmtthngthvomtbuisng,anhPhmQucTrvtngNguynvnChcdnanhXunTngi
cngvianhTrnhXunHnthmtitiSacramento.AnhchobitdnhsaukhiikhpHoaK,Canadagpgliccngchvthnhu
ristrligpticngnhautmphngthctilpLclngDntcVittiHiNgoi,hutlpkhochgingivngNamtm
cchbtlinlcvinhnganhemtiqunh.Khngngcuchikinhmlilbuigpgcuicngtanhvtingnthuvnhbit,anh
mangtheocmtcucilaol,mtchgangthpvmtgicmngkhngthnhvcihv.
AnhXunTngtngticchoti"bitngibitvicmnhmangmihnvkhnggpthi",nhngchnhanhmithtslmtchinscch
mngsutibnbattiysnggimchngbaogigpcthi.Khinghetinanhquai,ltlichngthc,titmcbithanhgi
tngtinnxinchpraythankhcnhthnganh...
Giigicvniy
Xingidmnhaulymtli
Trngthsoitlngchungthy
nhhncngnhaukiplaisinh!
(ghich:BithdicaXunTngtngtichaingchVitNamQucDnngcaanhlcTrnTrngSanhvcCungTrmVnM
phha).
Thani!Gicmnglnchathnh,cucchinucndangdmanhnhbihnvinonsngtrongmtkipkhc.Lithcaanhngl
litrntri,litbitmimirai.Anhnhgigilinhnviquhng,nhtrngsoitlngchungthy,nhngccuciutranhcaanh
rrngltmgngthychungvngstsonvidntcquhngri.
NhlitsaucuccchmngTnHicaTunm1911,nhngttngdnch,dnquyndndncdunhpvoVitNam.Nnvnminh
Typhngcngnhhngntnhtrngxhi,kinhtnctannccnhcchmngcathiitrongcngcucutranhgiiphngxs
tchconthkhoahchn,nulnnhngmctiurrthnvcgiithanhninthamgiangohn.Trongscconthcch
mnglcbygithVitNamQucDnnglngcchmngutintrongncctchcquymhnc.Thnhhnhvonm1927tiBc
Vit,ngphttrinmauchngvoTrungvNamnhnglibthcdnPhpkhngbdmannhtchonnnm1930,vvmstngiTym
phuninlBazinmngbPhpkhngbnnignnhbtanr.NhnglnhtcanglNguynThiHc,NguynKhcNhubnthc
263/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phuninlBazinmngbPhpkhngbnnignnhbtanr.NhnglnhtcanglNguynThiHc,NguynKhcNhubnthc
hinmtcucbongTngkhinghatonhtBcKcpchnhquyn.Nhngmustinhnmthnhstithin,cuckhinghathtbi,
ngtrngNguynThiHcv12vanhhnglnonuinnnc,rtngngchcangbTygiamcm,sthi.Trongsnhng
ngibluyraCnonycanhXunTng.
SaumynmtrikhsainhcnhnniCno,anhctrtdovtrvlngc.Nhngchvnkhngsnvlngkhngbaoginn,nnanh
licngvinhiungchkhccngclitchcngtiptccucutranhgiiphng,riquaTulinlcgpglnhtccngphiquc
gia.Nm1945,cclnhtcabangqucgialiVitQucDnngcangTrngTAnh,iVitDnChnhngcangNguynTng
TamvVitNamQucDnngbnhpnhtlivthnhlp"QucDnng"cngviVitNamCchMngngMinhHicaCNguynHi
ThnchinuchngVitMinh.ngTrngTAnhccgichcChtch,ngVHngKhanhgichcBthtrng,ngNguynTngTam
phtrchngbtrungngcnXunTngvnhngnhnvttntuinhNguynTngLong,PhmKhiHon,ChuBPhng,NghimKT,
NguynTngBch,NguynTinHv.v...trthnhyvinTrungngng.NhngvngHChMinhangnmquynlctrongtayvvqun
chngkhngthccVitMinhdoCngsnkhngchnnbmhocvichiubi"TDo,HnhPhc,cLp",lithmnhmTuphLHn
vTiuVnphnbi,nnQucDnngnhphichuthtbitrongcuctranhchpQucCngnydhysinhrtnhiuxngmu.Thahip
mng6thng3nm1946,kktgiaPhpvVitMinh,dnncuckhngchintonqucdoVitMinhlnhoxyravothngChpnm
nnnhnglnhtphequcgiaphilnhquaTu.MichonkhigiiphpBoirai,XunTngvmtsnhnvtngphimitrv
VitNam.
TuyvliVitNamnhngvnthmnhunchnghacchmngTamDnnnXunTngnhtnhkhngchuhptcviccchnhphtBoi
nNgnhDimmanhcholnhngnhnvtquanliuphongkin,khngthnopngcnguynvngtdodnchcanhndnv
chinthngcCngsn,doanhchlocngclibmyngvnbphnha,bstmvthicuc.ChNgnhDimlilch
ctiCnLaoCnggio,khngb,npcctngio,ngphichonncuinm1960,cngvinhiunhnvtngphikhc,anhthamgia
cucochnhNhydngtrongLinminhDnchcaLutsHongCThy.Cucochnhthtbi,nhngngiqucgiailpbkhng
bnhnitrckia,anhXunTngmaymnthotcrancngoi,luvongCaoMinchonkhichDimbltanhmitrv
quhng.
Ttui20chonlcvgi,anhXunTngchbitxthnutranhchoclp,tdo,dnch.Sut45nmtriquhngnghingnga,anh
khngchungiynhngmtphtnhnhthnhthino.
Nhngaitnglngchcaanh,tngbittnhcnh"chaginhkh"caanhXunTng,nnginhtnvchvnxiuvotrongxm
nghoGianh,bitanhXunTngngyngyibtGianhquatrngTrunghcPhanSoNamSiGn,trungtmbmtotocnb
cchmng,yVitVnvSamithysnghokh,lnghysinhcaanh.
Nm1975,mcdtuicaovscyuvbnhhon,nhngranncngoianhXunTungvnthychungviltngutranh,vnlng
sondstvitncngbo.
NhcliLclngDntcVitcngnhghilinhngknimvcNguynXunCh,vingNguynvnLc,anhXunTngy,tichmun
ninstngphnvmuthunsuscvrrtgiachnhquynngDimvicclclngilpkhc.Tngphnvmuthunkhng
nhngvtcphong,nhncchvsnghipcnhnmcncvltng,chtrngvchhngna.Trongkhungcnhchnhtrvxhica
nhngnmutrongthpnin60timinNamVitNam,nhngtngphnvmuthunnhtnhphivrrngbngnlnthnhnhng
hnhngquytlitmTuynngnphnkhngcanhmCaravelle,vbinhbin11111960,vnmbom2721962cngnhcucvnngcch
mngcaPhtgio,binc1111963saunylnhngchngtchlchsrrng.ChDimchcchningclngdn,phnlithi
ichonn,chcthigianbanmmdndpxyrasulnchngiquantrngvmmu.Vlnnocngckhixngbinhng
264/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ichonn,chcthigianbanmmdndpxyrasulnchngiquantrngvmmu.Vlnnocngckhixngbinhng
ngiVitNamtrongtrngnht,nhithuytnht,bngccphngthcquytlitnht,hngtrngnht.Nhngchngihontonclpvi
chnhschcangiMivichnhquynDim,hontonclpviquyttmcaVitcngmunCngsnhaminNam,chonnbncht
canhngchnginyrrngctnhdntcvcchtcchmng.
Cngcnthmrngtrongnm1962,chNgnhDimkhngchbvnmbomdinhcLpcahaiphicngQucvCbiuhinmicm
thcaqunnhnmlicnbbcsPhmHuyC,mtchnhkhchtntuicngkhaikchchnhschctigianhtr.BcsCthnhlp
HingCchmngQucgiarithuytphcHoaKngngnghTngthngDim.nglplunrngnnctigianhtrcachDimch
lmlichoCngsnHNivMttrnGiiphng.Nhngngbbtgiam.
*****
SaucucvingthmminNamcaPhtngthngJohnsonvcahaingTaylorvRostowtrongnm1961,quanm1962,vintrhnghuca
HoaKvmimttunvominNamsaukhingDimhascicchchcangta.
Vquns,HoaKtngcngthmchominNam400chuynvin.Vqunc,HoaKtrangbthmchoqunlcVitNamCngHathit
vnxaM113,trcthngchinuCH21,phictrinhst,phngphoc,chinhmvnhiuvkh,dngctntincitinquniVitNam
CngHavmimt,thunluynntipliu,ttcchinnvntivtruyntin.unm1962,VitMthathunthnhlpBTlnhQun
iMtiSiGn,thngcgilMACV(MilitaryAssistanceCommand,Vietnam),iuhnhvphihpchnhschvintrvhnhqunti
NamVitNam.HoaKcnggipVitNamCngHathitlpmththngtipliuquym,citinphngphpsutm,khaithcvtnhbo.Vo
thng9nm1962,ttcmiccuchnhyucaquniVitNamCngHakhptonqucucHoaKgipthittrmththngtruyntin
vcngtitntiuchunhavphihphaviclinlcgiaccnvqunivicctrungtmhnhquntitrungnglnaphng.
NhsgipcaHoaKmlnutinquniVitNamCngHamixmnhpsuvonhngcncbtkhxmphmcaVitcngnh
chinkhuD,nhrnggiUMinh.NhphngtinhinimquniVitNamCngHadingmtcchtinlimauchnghn,cth
baovyqunch,nhtphuqunchddngnhanhchngvlmchoVitcngthithinngn...NgoiraHoaKcngiptngcngLc
lngcbitvcnhnslnphngtinhotngtiBcVitvLo,gipVitNamCngHathchinchngtrnhpChinlc,bra
mtngnqu55triulamuaphnbn,giykmgai,...HoaKcngvnngviChnhphcgiphionqunsgiphunluyndu
kchmchtrongtuvothng8nm1962c30squancnVitNam7.
ChngnhngchnhquynKennedyymtrdidovmtvtchtchoVitNamCngHamcnhtrluncvmtchnhtr.cithinmi
banggiaoVitMchothttip,KennedybnhimisNolting,mtnhngoigiaochuynnghip,mmdo,tnhquaSiGnthaythi
sDurbrowvncthibtmnvichDim,vihyvngngDimcthtinhnhnhngcicchmnghahn.ngthi,BNgoi
giaoMlmplcmnhmviccnctiChuccncnynlcnhiuhntrongvicymtrVitNamCngHagianhpccnhch
quctvcthlvicgiatnggiaothngviVitNamCngHa,lmkchthchttrongcngcucphttrinkinhtcaminNamVitNam.
Nhnligiaion,tacthnirngtuychNgnhDimdoTngthngEisenhowervNgoitrngFosterDulleskhaisinh,nhngvicnui
dng,bobc,snsc,nungchiutntmchuoldoTngthngKennedyvchnhquyncangta.
Tuynhin,mcdvintrHoaKgiatngdido,tnhhnhMinNamvnnhcnbnhtrmkhakhngcithincphnnotrilicngngy
cngthmtrmtrng.Trongnm1962,chngnhngVitcngtncngcccncquns,ccqunl,tnhl,ccpchinlckhpnimcn
tpkchvocconxecayhiQuct,vonhngoncngvoalncaVitNamCngHagythithinngnchobinhsVitNamvM.
Ngy27thng5nm1962,khnglcVitNamCngHaphixuttrnn60phiv,nm100tnbomxungmtcsLinkhuVranhgii
265/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy27thng5nm1962,khnglcVitNamCngHaphixuttrnn60phiv,nm100tnbomxungmtcsLinkhuVranhgii
batnhQungNam,QungNgi,Kontum.NgaygiaThSiGn,ccngVitcnglintipgichtn,tmngythithingkchoccc
sMvVitNamCngHa,tncngbnglunvockhutrinlmchinliphmcaqunitrcTachnh,niccanhphngv
cngcnmt 8.Cngtrongnm1962,mcdVitcngbbtngtrcchinthuttrcthngvncaquniVitNamCngHavisymtr
cathitvnxaM113,thmtingbngsngCuLong,Vitcngvndmmcccuctncngnhphnhnglclnghnghucaqun
i.Chnhschngoigiaobtlc,vngvcaanhemngDimiviLovCaoMinligytnhtrngmihrnglnhchominNam,tothm
scmnhchoVitcng.
Trongnm1962,tnhhnhminNambtannniphibibnhiucskinhtnhngvngxiunhcskhaithcncsuiVnhHo
PhanR,cskhaithctmLongHi,vphixdngcmtTiuonBbinhbovcngtrngmthanNngSnQungNgimkhu
cngtrngvnbtan.MaThunm1962,ngDimcngnhphibibconnghaxaXuynVitmngmikhnhthnhnm1959,dn
chngphigiaothngbngnghngkhng,quniphidichuynbngCngVoahochngkhngquns.NgaycthanCMaumuna
lnSiGnmcngphicchuynchbngngthyvvichinhmcahiqunhtng...Nm1962,Vitcngcoinhlmchtnh
hnhnngthnnnitrongmtbitngthut,giosdanhtingRobertSciglianophithan:"Vonm1962,Vitcngchimc80%
nngthncaVitNamCngHa"9.
MinNamVitNamnhldubtmgmnhmdnchoncuinm1962thtnhhnhbitnTngthngDimphicnhngbinphpht
scquytlitiphviCngsn.Dtnm1957,ccTnhtngctonquynbtb,giamcmvnm1959thmmtolut(10/59)
vi21iukhonquynhtithnhchonhngaiclinhviVitcng,mtolutmccnhvitstntuicaHoaKuphinhcn10,
nhngvnkhngngncscbnhtrngcaVitcng,nnngDimphilythmnhngbinphpsauy:
Ngy10thng10nm1961,ngDimbanbtnhtrngkhncptrntonlnhthVitNamCngHa(sclnh209TTP).
Ngy29thng10nm1961,QuchiyquyncbitchoTngthngbanhnhccscluttrongtnhtrngkhncp(luts13/61).
Ngy25thng11nm1961,QuchiliyquynchoTngthngvngnschanninhvccbinphptichnh(luts15/61).
Ngy7thng12nm1961,TngthngDimgithchoTngthngKennedyxintngthmvintr.TrongthngtrnhbychoTngthngM
vsnguyngpcaVitNamCngHacngvislnmnhcaVitcng,vbongvicBcVitchoqunxmnhpvominNam.ngDim
cngnulnvicVitcngbtccitHongThyNamringthng10cn1.200vkhngbvi2.000thngvongchoVitNamCng
Ha.ngDimktlunlthvililvcungbithit:"Nitmli,VitNamCngHahinnayangphiiuvimtthmhalnnhttrong
lchs".BcthcangDimcTngthngKennedyphcpngy14thng12nm1961,hasgipVitNamCngHachngli
Cngsn,bovclpchominNam.11
Ngy31thng3nm1962,ngDimgithngipcho92qucgiatrnthgiiyucunghVitNamCngHachngxmlngCngsn,t
coBcVitgitdyCngsnminNam.
Ngy27thng10nm1962,cquynTngthngbanhnhsclutvtnhtrngkhncpcQuchigiahnkt19thng10nm1962
(scluts18/62).
Nhngbinphpvnhngthngipkucutrnychothyminm1962mtnhhnhVitNamCngHanguyngpnhthnori.
266/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
McdungDimbanb"tnhtrngkhncp"caitrbngsclut,nmhtvotrongtaytonbquynhnh,vmcdvintrMgia
tngdido,cbitldnhmtngnkhonlngipthchinqucschpchinlc(mtchngtrnhmcMlnanhemngDimtht
hyvngcthtiuditchtngcsch,tiuditlclngdukchch)thmtnhtrngminNamvncmingymtthmbit,nguy
kch.ThrithngGingnm1963,thmbipBclixyrachngnhngminhchngrrngsyukmcvkhnnglntinhthnchinu
caqunlcVitNamCngHamcnbohiuskhnghongchnhtrththmcaminNamVitNam.
pBclmtlngcchnhquyncoilanninhvkcntnhlMTho,cbovbinhngpChinLcvchcchSiGn50cys
ngchimbay.ThngChpnm1962,tnhboVitNamCngHactinmtiidukchVitcnganghotngti.itBinh
m,TlnhSon7,vtngHunhvnCao,TlnhQunkhu4,quytnhmcuchnhqun.MtlclngmnhmcaqunlcVit
NamCngHagmnhiutiuonBbinh,Bitngqun,trcthngCH21,thitvnxaM113,Phobinh,BoantnhnhTngv51cvnM
thamdtrnnh.Khngngkhichmsng,lclngcatabthithinngnvkhmphrarngtipBckhngphichcmtiidu
kchmlTiuon514caVitcngctrn400ngi,chonnkhibthithiqunngn,BchhuyhnhqunbngimtTiuonDn
cuvin.ThayvnhyxungphangchnnhchthTiuonDlinhyvphaTynnVitcnglidngtritirtluianton.Ktqu
vphatac5trcthngbphhy,11chicbhhinng,65binhsVitNamCngHav3cvnMbchtvvsbthng 12.Trnp
Bc,mtthmbinhcnhcaquniVitNamCngHam3nguyndochnhlsbtlccacpchhuy,tinhthnbcnhccaqunsv
sclngsailmcatnhbo.Ngcli,thmbicngchngtrrtstrngthnhvlclngvtinhthnquytchincaVitcngti
MinNam.
BithmhnnalcplnhoVitMkhngchulypBclmbihcqugichoqunisasai,khngchutrngphtnhngcpch
huybtlcgynncucthmbichoqunkcnghimminhmngcli,tngDim,bNhuntngHarkins,isNoltinglivvi
cangitrnpBclmtchinthngcaVitNamCngHa.Tronglcthtrongnibquni,chnhitngLvnTphichthn
ntichiutravkhintrchHunhvnCao(riCaolilichoBinhm)vttccccvnMtitrnauphctrnhtrn
nhnynhmtthmbiqunslncaVitNamCngHa.itngTngThammutrngquniVitNamCngHaphikmhm
lngtihimtcvnM:"itVann,tisaoqunichngtichinutitnth?"Sdcmuthuntrongvictuynbktqutrn
nhlvngDimmunchegiukhnnglnhoyukmcamnh,nhtlvphngdinbnhimccsquan,cnngiMcaocpthche
giusthttrnmtchnhthccngkhaikhilmphtlngngDim.NhngbochM,vkhngbrngbucbinhngthonchnhtr
nnniginvphanhphuisthtranhsng,tonnlungdluncngphnchnglingDimvchnglichnhphM.NhiunhboMln
nchnhphcahbra400triuMkim,hysinh50qunnhnMmkhngthulmcgngoistchicangDimtrongviccitin
ch,mcdchnhngtahacitincnhnvintrM.BochMlicnphanhphuirngtronglcVitcngchimhtnngthn
thsquanVitNamCngHalingingngkhngchuthttmchinu,domtsbnhlungiaMichnhphcahphinmlyton
quynlnhochintranhVitNam.
PhntchvthmbipBccngnhvnhngthtbicaqunlcVitNamCngHatrntonlnhthvogiaion,tathyrngyutk
thutvkhnngtcchinchlhquttnhincachnhschchnlavsdngnhnlcsailmcadinhcLp.Chnhschny,vbncht
"CnLaoCnggio"can,khngchnlasquantheotiuchunnohnlCnggiovCnLao!Chonnqunikhngcntinhthnchin
u,khngcnmunxngvolanhysinh.Hhysinhchoaivchtlmg,khihkhngcphcvchoTQucmchphcvcho
mtthiusthngtrvnthhngchnchlicnchtrngkth,npttcccthnhphnkhccadntc,nhtltngiovng
phi.
HunhvnCao,Binhmlnhngsquanbtti,nhngchvlngiCnggiolictinnhht,bchonnanhemngDimtraovo
tayhcmtvngttrchnhimrngln,mtsdnngovmtlclngqunslnlao.
267/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tayhcmtvngttrchnhimrngln,mtsdnngovmtlclngqunslnlao.
Khicnchhuyson7vounm1962,nhtrcthngchinuvthitvnxaM113micdunhpvominNamlmchoVitcngb
nglcu,Caothuhochcmtstchinthng,mcdmilnVitcngrtlui,Caokhngdmxuaquntruykch.Saumicuchnhqun,
CaovivtchclTncMtinhthrivngaySiGnkhoevingDimldochinthnglnhcMchdychoCaohnhqunni
no,bybinhbtrnrasao?CaobitgivochngacangDimmikhiCaodngcMmhocngta.Nhng"chinthng"nhc
M,nhnglTnCaotrngtrnghivotpHik"LngiQuc"khoekhoang.
cMbitLansdale"btdic"voNamnm1954,libCao"btinhgic"vonhngnm19621963,bygirahingoi,vitbo
ca"CnLao"libtcMlmthybikhihngtincMhinranhthFatimacuBnhTriuchchogiodnbitnnm1980
1981thCngsnsbtiuditht,vminNamsthanhbnh!
TronglcCaobytracMramhocngDimvcclinhmcaphngvisdngccvnynhmththngtuyntruyn
ntaianhemngDim,bytrtchcmngchinthngvnghvingDimchokoqundinhnhticcngphSiGnkhoe
khoangcngtrng,thBinhmlikhngphilthngisinhracmquntcchinvmchbitnghkton,mchctivngli
HunhvnCao,vtheokgiHalberstam,lcngitrongmybayihnhqun,mchbitnhmmtlmrmcunguyncMphhchom
canlnhmthi13.
QuniVitNamCngHanhtnhkhngphilqunibcnhc,quniVitNamCngHacnhngNguynKhoaNam,NguynHu
Thanh,LvnHng,PhmPhQuc,TrnvnHai,NguynBLinvvsanhhngkhc.QuniVitNamCngHanucaotntuini
"QungTrvngln",ni"BnhLonganhdng",ni"Kontumkiuhng"vvschincngkhc,quniVitNamCngHalylngvi"Ma
hLa",vi"TtMuThn"v.v...nhngcngchnhqunivonm1963khutthnchuthmbipBcvbnhngcnbCnLao
chhuy,bmtngTngthngkhngbitchnngitraovic,vvbmtchCnggiotrnp,chnplmchotondncmth.
VitvHunhvnCao,tngWestmorelandchobit:
CaonivitirngCaokhngtinmtngiVitNamnocngoivy.CaovitchotixinxcvodnMhaygianhpbinhchngThyqun
LcchinhayBbinhchngCngbtkutrnthgii14.
MtktnglmmtthmchoPhngNhPhptingHi,lmtaysaichonemtngHinhlcKhnhHa,mtkchuynnnhhtM,rili
xinlmlnhnhthungingoiquc,thmnhmCnggioCnLaotnvinhvohngThntng,anhemngDimlialnnchcT
lnhQunonnmsinhmngqundncvngTinGiangvHuGiangthchDimnglvauivaic.Tikhng,ckhng,can
trngcngkhng,kinthccngkhng,ucchmumlmVitgianphnqucvinhthnphgia,thmquanthinhCngha,
CnggioCnLaovnaCaolnlmNghs,lmchnhtrgia,tiubiuchogiilnhoqucgiathminNamrivotayCngsnlngqu
ricng?
NhnlicucchinutuXun1963,tnhhnhminNamquthcivotuytl,mcdlcbygiqunicgiatnghnghuv
vintrMvnotvo.BernardFallchobitrngvounm1963,dichDim,conschnhxccaquniVitNamCngHagm
c225.000binhschnhquy,100.000Boan,90.000aphngqun,85.000Dnv...ttcl500.000ngi15.
Vimtnatriuqun,chak100.000nhnvinCngan,Cnhst,Cnhstdchin,nhnvinAnninhx,p,chakshindinca16.000
binhsM,oncvnngic,thmvilclnghnghutnhhnhminNamvphngcuchanukhngcquningminh
268/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
binhsM,oncvnngic,thmvilclnghnghutnhhnhminNamvphngcuchanukhngcquningminh
nhpcucsauny.DennisWarner,mtkgitingtmngicckgiHoaK,ngaycBernerFallcngphiknhtrng,nirng:"Nm
1963,tnglnhMgpkhkhnvtnhhnhchinstingbngsngCuLongcnggingnhnm19511952,tnglnhPhpgpkhkhn
vtnhhnhchinstingbngsngHngH".Nm19511952,tnhhnhchinsBcVitnguykchnchnhphPhpphicdanhtng
smtcahquacmqunngDng.VtuydanhtngDeLattreDeTassignycthulmcvichinthnglcunhvchnng
quncatngVNguynGiptiVnhPhcYnchnghn,nhngsautnhhnhtrnntitnniDeLattrephithuqunvcthsau
dychinlykhutamgicnhhpminTrungchumvngvnmingymtungthithm.LivvoncaDennisWarnerchothytonthlnh
thminNamvonm1963chnmtrongtayVitcngngoitrnhngthvnhngtnhl.Vngayctrongnhngkhuantonny,cn
bnithnhcaVitcngcnglnghnh,phhoihocxmnhplmnituynnmvngtrongcccscachnhquyn.
th,umah1963,chDimlibrivomtcuckhnghongchnhtrvbincPhtgio,mtbincdochtrngkthtngioca
chnhanhemngDimgyra,lmchoquni(NhydvThyqunLcchin),CnganCnhst,AnninhQunibhuyngvovicbaovy
ccchachin,vovicnpccphongtronidycasinhvinvPhtt.Bmycaitrlcbygichchtmvoviciphvitnhhnh
chnhtrnibtoranhiushanninhchoCngsnlidnggiatnghotng,xmnhpthmngi,thmvkhvominNam.Chonn
saukhichDimbltthvonhngnm19641965,chintranhminNamdnhinphitrnnsinghnvlclngCngsnc
giatngnhiuhntnhngnmtrc.(ytichacpnnhngyutkhcnhnhngxotrnchnhtr,nhngmmucaCnLaosau
khingDimblt).
TnhhnhminNamt1961n1963trmtrngnngDimphikugi92ncngh,phinhthmphionqunscngip
,phibocoviTngthngKennedyl"VitNamCngHaangphiiuvithmhalnnhttronglchs",thmsaukhingDim
blt,nhmCnLaolichorngnungDimcncmquynthminNamchinthngcCngsnri.TicthaytrongnhmCnLaoa
raluniu,aranhnglibucticucochnh1111963liccmtngibnc,mtnginghngcngtnh,cngphviti,
lcuTrungtNguynvnChu(hinPhp).
TrungtChutheongDimtnm1946,llnhtQunyngCnLao,GimcNhaChintranhTmltnm1957,TngthkMttrn
NhndnChngPhinCngsauvochnhcaNhydcuinm1960.Vittcthnhtchcamt"icngthn"nhth,licttccc
anhemngDimthngyutincy,thmChulivnngbnc,bchcvrai,trongkhiChuangngitrnquynuyvtinbc.Li
na,vonm1962,nhngkhkhn,rirm,himnguycaqucgiavchangcnshindincamtthnhphntrungkin,hnghihot
ngnhChubncnhcclnhtvngCnggioCnLaothayvilmTyvinqunstiHoaK,mtnhimskhngphhpvikh
nngcaChu.
Sthtthsaubaonhiubincbtlilintipxyrachotncvch,ChucmnhncchangtrnsuyvongmChuc
gngcngviccngLTrungDung,LvnThitmphngcuchabng"HiNghonkt"nhnglibngNhukhinhthngbcb.Chu
thtvnghonton,nhnthycnbnhtrmkhacachvphngcucha.Hnaiht,ChubitthnochcngbltmChus
lcibiautinchoCchmngnhmbn,Chuphirai,phixaquhngtrnhmtcuctrth.TmsnyChubcbchvitivo
thng4nm1963,khitigpChutiHoaThnhn.
Skinunm1963ChucvnngxinilmTyvinQunstiHoaKlnhxaquhng,lnhxachnilntnhthch
Dimchnhvnhnhngnlvngchchmtcginhlaynglrngxung.
NuchcththcngcthkhenChulkhnngoan,thcthinhngiucnphinilnlmsngtlchslsaukhichDimblt,
ChulicangichmChuchytrn,licnchtrchnhngngiltn.
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Srainychcnhginhmthnhngongkhich,khininngtabtulunglay,khchnvitrnghpcacng
thnNguynThi,GimcVitTnX,cngraivmuncnhcomtchangingclngdn.
NgclivingNguynvnChu,chnhVvnHicngnmvngtnhhnhqucgia,tnhhnhchDim,cngbittrc"phplkhngxy
rahailn"chochDimsaubincNhydnm1960,nhngHikhngraivsaukhichDimblt,Hikhngbaogithamdnhng
buicngkdoCnLaotchctinghatrangMcnhChi.HichmthmnhthngngDimvtnhnghathytrgn20nmtri,nhngHi
khngbaogilnncucltngDimngy1111963vHibittrccvicphinsn.TriliHicnnghDngvnMinh,ngi
tngcmucucochnhngDim.
Cngcnphinithmrngthng10nm1963,saucuctncngchachinm20thng8,ChutngrnganhemngDimlmchc
tnhhnhnnChuxinvncthamquanmtchuyn,khngngCchmng1111963xyra,ChubHingTnglnhnhtvokhmCh
Ha.SaumttunltimicanthipctrtdovgipChutrliHoaK.(ngthiticngcanthiptrtdochoTrungtNguynNgc
Khi,cuTlnhLonPhngvvTrungtPhmThung,BthcangNgnhNhu).
TrliHoaK,ChubcchchctyvinqunsvbttunlnhhihngcachnhphVitNamCngHa.ChubntrnquaPhptrnh
lnhdncaChnhphHoaK.QuaPhp,ChutrcchytheoCngsnVitNamtiPhp.BitchnhtungphnbicacuTrungt
NguynvnChu,nhnmtchuynduhnhtiuChu,khivM,tngNguynChnhThibnchophbinmtbcthlunlucnhgic
anhemcuqunnhntiHiNgoi.Tuyvy,cngngyChucnglnsuvoconngphnbiqucgiavtrungthnhvichHNi.Mt
mtChuvitlicun"BnDngLchS"caLinhmcCaovnLunvirtnhiuontngbcCngsnvHChMinh.MtkhcChuvitcun
"NlchabnhdangdcaTngthngNgnhDim"lnntnglnhochnhlmchocucbttayviHNicaccngDim,Nhubt
thnh.ThmCnggioCnLaovnckbnhvcNguynvnChuvkhenngicunschthnCngcaChu!
NutrnghpcangNguynvnChuray,tichmundnchngthmrng,dichDimtnhhnhminNamcanm1963tuyt
vnghonton(nnimttrungthnnhNguynvnChumcngphiothottmngsng)vkhingDimchti,limthuqu
nguykchvthichonhngchktip.
Trnmtanninhqucgia,haymtcchcthhn,trnmtqucphng,hainm1961v1962lhainmkhnnchoch,nhngkha
cnhcngchachominNamsaunyhontonkitquvbungsnguhngvomaXun1975.
Phicnhngyutkhcsuschn,trmtrnghnlmhyhoisinhlccadntc,lmtiuhyminlctinghipcanhndnmin
NamtrongcucchinuchngCngsn.
NhngyutlsbnghoixhidohthngthamnhngckhochvcchocavchngNgnhNhu,NgnhThc,Ngnh
CnvchnhschkthtngiocchtrngvcschlccadnghNgnhmtistrnhbytrongccchngtip.Vhaiyutc
tnhcchvnhannbaotrmmisinhhotcaxhivtcdnglnmikchthcsinhsngcangidn,chonnchnhhaiyutnyl
nhngloicdcgpphntiuhychtrongcpk,vchmrimchcchnnhgcqucgiatrongludi.
1 BernardC.Nalty,RivalIdeologiesinDividedNations(VietnamWar),tr.62.
2 NguynTngThit,NhtLinhChaTi,trongtunbongNai(s110ngy2771985)
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TrnTng,BinC11111960,tr.584.
GeorgeChaffard,LesDeuxGuerresduVietnam,tr.313.
LyndonB.Johnson,TheVantagePoint,tr.5253.
WilliamHammond,USInterventionAndTheFallOfDiem(VietnamWar),tr.64.
NguynKhcNg,NhngngyCuiCngcaVitNamCngHa,tr.383.
WilliamHammond,USInterventionAndTheFallOfDiem(VietnamWar),tr.65,66.
RobertScigliano,Vietnam,ACountryAtWar.
MarvinE,Gettleman,VietnamHistory,DocumentsandOpinions,tr.256260.
MarvinE,Gettleman,VietnamHistory,DocumentsandOpinions,tr.206209.
bittonbchitittrnpBc,xem"TheMakingofaQuagmire"caDavidHalberstam,tr.147162.Ngoira,cthc"TheBrightShining
Lie"caNeilSheihancdchraVitngdinhan"SLaDiHoNhong".
13 DavidHalberstam,TheMakingOfAQuagmire,tr.147162.
14 WilliamWestmoreland,ASoldierReporttr.173.
15 BernardFall,VietnamWitness,tr.307.
Chng13
TTRNGTHAMNHNG
DichbohPhp,nhhNgnhcbangilmquancaocpchotriunhAnNam.NgoitrTngcNgnhKhilmangting
thamnhng,cncNgnhKhvngNgnhDimthvngicctnh"Cn,Kim,Lim,Chnh".Trongbuihonghncatriuinh
Nguynmogmbing,dckhichlktqucanhngdchvmuaquanbnchc,vntiubiuchoigiavngtcthnhngngThng,
ngPhntaysaichoPhp,vncgiltrthcthnglu,vhthngquanlicaNamtriucngnhhthngcngchccabmyBoh
huhtuxydngsvinhthnphgiabngnhnghotngthamnhng,thmngDimvngiclimchnhquliuhimhoi.Hnh
ngtchcThngthcangDim,dvbtcmtldono,cnglmtthingcangi.
Di ch QucTrng Bo i v k t khi cuc chin PhpVit bng n, tt c anh em ng Dim u gi thi trm chn hay i lp. H
thngcngkhaichtrchvlnnnhngchnhphthiylthamnhng.Htuynbnucchnhquyntrongtaythvicutinlphityu
bmycngquynvtrongschhathnhphnnhnsthamncvngcanhndn.
Nhqutrnhcgil"thanhbch"vmtchtrngcngrnnhthnnkhingDimtquanrihotngchophongtroCng,mts
cngchc,qunnhnminTrungmihnghisngchttheongta.Cngnhvymngylncmquynnm1954,ngcqundnng
hvtnhngkhkhntngkhngvtquani,ngcthngvvangtrthnhTngthngncVitNamCngHa.
Tuynhinkhinmcchnhquyn,anhemngDimphingtrcmtthctrngkhkhnvvnnhns,lmthnothayngic
bngngimihutrongschhachnhquyn.
Khimilncmquyn,ngNgnhDimcngnhccThtngtrc,tngayvnnhns:bai,dngai,vtmurangikhc.
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ngDimvmtsthntncangyntrlttcbmycvinhngconngicbmcnthtvcnthngtayqutsch.Thng7nm
1954,cuhiutinnuchoThhinNguynHuTrlngDimlmthnoloitrthamnhngvnhngphntxu?
Nhngsaukhinhnxtthctrnglpngicachc(ChQuctrngBoi)ngNgnhNhuchurngchcth,khngdngth
chngbitbiurahinti:"Chngtachcnhngconngimlchschota".Ringnhktlun:"Thithchngcthpttmnhnhtst
vnmxi.Chnhschmnhtheolrcuprationdeferrailles.anoctithanrata.Cnthcoilcthsa,tthayxucntymnh.
Mnhttthhphitt.VitMinhnlnnlicramnchon,cbtmncnhnlbtmnngidngniby.cvicththi.Mnhcha
chimunthayi,nhngmnhlmccgcngicho.Mngibnhbcavytheomnh,mnhphinuichgtrasao?Ainhk
chylidnntinnbc..."
TritlbiquancaCcnghetheo.Khngccngchcnobmtvicngay.BoChnhon,VitBinhon,vaphngQunthnhraBo
Anon.Saunhiulnbcb,ngThtngcholpbancbittitrngHnhchnhthudngvhunluyncccuQuntrngBcVit
m ng d tnh loi b khi chnh quyn. V mi ln c hi thng khnh tit, biu tnh,... li thy gn mt cc nhn vin ca cc cuTon
QuynThngs,ThngcBrvi,Catroux,Decoux,Helewyn,Hoeffel,Gauthier...caHChMinh,Gip,Gim,Giu,Liu19451946,cacccu
ThtngvThhinKim,Thinh,Hoch,Xun,Long,Hu,Tm,Lc,Gio,Tr,Vinh,Thnh,Hoi...thtlvuinhchTt1.
Nhnhngvnngchnhtrmnmcchnhquynnnchngnhngkhngchunbcmtingcnbhnhchnhvnhnhb
mycngquyn,mkhigpkhkhn,ngNhucngtheocinnnpchnhtrclthahipvikhkhn.Nghalcdng"stvnmxi"d
cingclivinhngchtrnglnhmnhhaxhivtrongschhachnhquynmngtngcngkhaihhovxemnhmtlikh
vndngqunchngtheomnhutranh.
Tuynhin,trcrtnhiuvnkhkhncatnchnhquyn,qunchngminNamvnthngcmcvinhngbinphpphntinbnhth
trongsbaodungnhnnhchyvngkhitnhhnhnnhthchnhquynNgnhDimsthcthinhnglihamhlongtrngtuynb
trckia,thicnlmkilpchanmchnhquyn.
Nhngbinphplnhmnhhaxhiutinthtngonmcvemsphnkhilichotondn.ThngGingnm1955,chnhphng
casngbciThgiithngChpnm1955,ngcanhmidmBnhKhang,nhngtchcticcaBnhXuyn.Thngtnm1956,
ChnhphbtgiamTnggimcKinhTngBoTonvtibnchenhngngntngothng8nm1956,btVnha,mtcngchc
caocptiNgnhngQucgiavtibinthhngtriubc...Cngtunm1956,ngDimbanhnhnhiuscluttrngphtnngnti
thamnhng,bunlu,cbc,himiquynth,dcngvit,cbitllutcmhtvmuabnthucphin,ngcattctimbunthucphin
vbnn.Thucphinlttrngnguyhinhtchoxhi,lmbnghoiscmnhcadntc,lmbcnhcnnglccaconnginnchnh
phDimmunbitrtrit.Chnhquynmmtchindchrmrbngschbo,kchth,iphtthanhgiodcdnchngvtchi
camn"thucc"dothcdnvBaTuli.ChnhphchotchcnhngbuitbnntpthtiSiGnvccthvaeda
vakhuynrnnhngknghinngp...
NhngsinhhotlnhmnhhaxhitrnycinthnhmttpschnhanNgnhDimofVitNamvonm1957vcgiikhp
ccqucgiatdotrnthgiiqungb"thnhtchcchmng"caTngthngDim.Nhiuchnhtrgia,tnglnhMkhngticlicangi
vTngthngVitNamCngHatrcnhngviclmttpcangta.T,ccgiichnhtrMlitintngnhiuhnvolnhtNgnh
DimcaminNamlngixngngnguvilnhtHChMinhcaminBc.
Nhngtrongkhichnhschbitrthamnhng,bitrtoanxhiangnhmtlungsinhphongthikhptriNamthmttingstddinra
272/611
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Nhngtrongkhichnhschbitrthamnhng,bitrtoanxhiangnhmtlungsinhphongthikhptriNamthmttingstddinra
tCHunm1956lmchnngnimtinmmingiangtnichcachsNgnhDim:lvbunluhngngntngora
BcVitdochnhhaingiemcaTngthnglbCLvngNgnhCnchtrng.VtiptgochoBcVitngytrangdihnhthc
bunlunybTaisMphtgicvthngbochongDimnnngkhngthdunhmc,vnhphianivrata.Nhngthayv
haingiemcangDimphihontonchutrchnhimtrcphplutthhkhnkhobtmtthuchthntncahlngBiQuang
Sn,PhTnhtrngQungNam,ralmvttthn.VMbitrnivvvngDimmicmquynchonnngDimralnhphithngtay
trongvicxtx,TaktnngBiQuangSn12nmkhsai.TiHu,ngNgnhCnkhngngngSnbnqunnglmmtluncs
nghip,lisvvymngSncthutckhairachnhphmnnngCnvivnnnnganhTngthng.Trcplccangiemvdn
lnhchnhthcthnhvn,ngDimcngbtTaphixli.Nh,tcinkhsai12nm,ngBiQuangSnchcnbsuthngttreo.
ChtinghipchongTrnVnMobmtchcBtrngKinhtvngngBoTonbyraCnochoncchmng1111963thnh
cngmictrtdo.
VylicnliutnccaanhemngDim.SlsaukhingBiQuangSnbTanphtmi12nmkhsai,cuvtthuchmnh,
ngNgnhCnbnnivingDimlchnhngngBoTon,TnggimcNhaKinht,milthphm.ngCntrotrbngcchdng
nhngbaogotrngcaBKinhtmangnhnhiuE.N.(EconomieNationale)chngminhrngchnhngTonbngochoVitCngtronglc
ngTonlngiminNamvnxalviminTrung,vnkhngclinhnhnsnotiminTrungcthmmulmnhngvicphiphp.
ThhilmsaongToncthbngochoVitCngtiminTrungctronglcngNgnhCnnmtonquynsinhstcnhnvinthuc
h,cngvinCnLaotaimtkhpnitthnhthnthnqu.Vhmgonykhngchdnchng,ngphiminTrungbitrrngmcn
chainhnvtlngTrnNgcLin(hinPhp)TrngtyKinhtminTrungcvnphngttiNnglcbygi,vngLmLTrinh(hin
M)lidinBTPhpnHuxinNgnhCnchth.Tuylnhngnhnchngtrongcuc,bitrvicgianmanhcanivnhngng
LinvngTrinhlmsaocthlmtrilnhchaNgnhCnnnnhphiimlngchongBoTonvngTrnVnMophichuoan
khin,mangthntti.Tuynhin,danhemngDimdngquynlclmiuthtcnhngvicthamnhngvtnboutinnyem
nhuqutaihichohNg.ividnchngminTrungthcihuynthoi"ThgiaVngtc"cahNgbtuspngayt.Cni
vitrthcminNamkc,cmthngnioankhinvthngkhcangTrnVnMovngngBoTon,hainhnvtnghngvih,h
thyrbmttrotrvkthcanhNgnntdndnxalnhchDimvccmtnhvinhngngikhngchin.
VbunlugochoCngSnlmrngngnhntmminNamvlmspuytncangDimngaytnm1956,khnninhngngiM
thnvingDim,nhngkgihoiNgnhkiuMargueriteHiggins,nhkiuPhmKimVinh,cbaogicpnnhngticcaanhemnh
Ngu.
Vmytriubcmsnsnggiaothngvich,lichpngnhTPhpitrngthayennlnhlmqunchng,cbitltimin
Trung,niccthphmvnungdunghh,cmthynimtinvochbtulunglay.VicngDimkhngchvxdnglutphpqucgia
nhmtdngcringbnhvcgianh,lcngchmilncmquyn,lmchonimhyvngcaqunchngvmtminNamdnch,t
do,cngbngbtutanthnhmykhi.
DnminTrungbntnghinhmibincthamnhngutinnynnimtthiuphmthibygihycnlmtnsinhnhtuica
trngngKhnhHusaukhiminNamrivotayCngSn,chyrancngoi,vnkhngqunnhclinncnglquincachNg
nhDimchbitbnhvcquynligianhbtchpquynliqucgia:
Ngyxa,dithiNhtCngHa,ngCngLthimtchiu,ngTDothcmxexchl,xep,cncngchnhTanthngkn,
thngdnphiicngbn,nnthiccutruyntngrng:
CngLmtchiu
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CngLmtchiu
TDohnch
Tanicnghu
chcicti,btcng,vsuytncathi2.
Khngcti,btcng,suytnsaockhimmtmtngDimkDs61ngy1thng10nm1955"phtthnhnhngkuc"hu
kimsotnhndn,nhngmtkhcnglibnhvc,baobcanhemnguc,tchtr,giaothngviCngSnminhnhnhvngNg
nhCn,bCLbunbngoviminBc,nhvngNgnhThcnpthuchoVitCnglmg.
CutruyntngctnhdngianchthnhhnhthcsvcphbintrongqunchngktkhivnbunlugotiminTrungxyravi
ttccinhnhpvbtcngcan.Vchnhvocidpbnchtcachbtuhinnguynhnhquavn,tinhthntrophngbtdit
cadntcmtchtrongbacungnngimthnhliktnchnmuni.
TronglcvbunlugoviVitCnganglmchodnminTrung,ni"mangthiuo,Hthithiun"cngphnthtiSiGn,dlunli
xn xao v nhng hot ng tham nhng ca v chng Ng nh Nhu. Xn xao n ni v chng Nhu phi ng bo ci chnh ngy 2281957:
"Khnghchuynngnrangoiquc,khngthamgiavothngmi,kngh,tichnhVitNamcngnhncngoi,khngbaoginhn
lcanthipchoai,chacnghlmnhngvicbthpphp..."3.
Khnni,licichnhcavchngNgnhNhuchl"cithngkhngchenimingvoi",vsthtnhchickimtrongtiomingymilira
ngoi.TrchtlvintrMtiVitNambckhot,bthmthng,bsdngtrivinhucu,ngthivisxuthincanhnghintng
thamnhngchotingy3thng8nm1959,kgiColegrovecahngthngtnScriptsHowardphnitnhbthiudngcavintr,vtco
nhnglmdngquvintrcaVitNamCngHalmchoQuchiHoaKphisini.Ngy14thng8nm1959,HNghvinMsaukhigi
nhnchngthucccgiikhcnhauraiutrnvvicsdngvintrMtiVitNam,bnbiuquytychoNghsMansfieldcngmtphi
onquaVitNamiutra.isMDurbrowvGimcUSOMGardinerphivMphctrnh4.
Nhiukgi,hcgiMnhnTinsFrancesFitzgeraldchobitrngchDimlidngchnhschngoithng(nhtlchngtrnhnhp
cng)vchngtrnhvintrMbtivchuynngnrancngoi:
"QuachngtrnhnhpcnghnghaM,nhngnhnhpcngVitNamnhnhngtHoaKmhngHoaKphitrbnglaily
tinVitNamchochnhphSiGnxdng,nhngchnhphvnhngnhnhpcngVitNamlituntinbcvothnhthvvotica
nhngnhnvtchnhquynvthnggiaVitNammthi.Vth,nglvintrMchutonychongnschqucgiaVitNamvthanh
toncsthiuht178triungncangoithngtrongnmnm,thsncmingymitngln,ngchnvinimhyvngcangi
HoaK"5.
VnnthamnhngquachngtrnhvintrMtnphngnququnnngVVnThi(hinM)phichnnn,tchcTnggimc
NgnschvNgoivinribncrai.ngThilmtchuyngiakinhtvtichnhlilctngcTngthngDimqumnvthng
carakhoevingiMnhmtnhnti,mtchuyngiaxutsccaVitNamCngHa.Nhngvkhngchuninnthamnhngvs
274/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
carakhoevingiMnhmtnhnti,mtchuyngiaxutsccaVitNamCngHa.Nhngvkhngchuninnthamnhngvs
chplutlcachnhnhngnhnvtlnhoch,nhngnhnvtbngoicvlngthinnhngbntrongthanglngonbmy
KinhtTichnhcaqucgia,ngThibntchcvnHoaKtrng.Ngy24111961,trlicucphngvncanhtboWashingtonPost,
ngThichobitsdngtchcv:
CngngyticngbngitaxdngtoraciotngrngchnhphVitNamangcmtnglithngsut(nhvyth)tikhngcn
cthlmvichuhiuc.(Moreandmore,IwasusedtogivetheillusionthattheVietNamgovernmenthasarticulatedthinking(while)Icouldbe
ofnomoreeffectiveservice).
ChnhphDimimlngtrcsraicangThichonhaitunsaubiphngvncatWashingtonPost,thphnngbngnhngbibnh
lunktnngThilphntrcvbinth,trnhaitbodoChnhphkimsot:SiGnvDnNguyn6.
TnhtvthamnhngutinbphanhphuilvbngochoVitCngvonm1956chonlcngVVnThibtmnchvonm1961
l6nmtri.Trong6nm,chnhanhemngDimchkhngaikhcbinthamnhngthnhthctclcathiphongkinlithnhmt
ttrnghinichthng.Thamnhng,tnlmtttrngxhixuxamminNamtdonglphidittrchoschthngcli,ch
NgnhDimlivuntrngnthmmumnranhnggainhnchilmhyditmitimlccamtxhimihisinhsaugicngb
trenti.ChnhquynNguynVnThiuthahngtrnvnnhngct,libthiinhiunhngthmphnbn,vintrMtithm
ncnncythamnhngnrvtrthnhmttrongnhngnguynnhnchnhlmmtminNam.
Chonnhngnmuthpnin60,cthninnthamnhngdichDimthucloikinhkhngnhttronglchsnctamchnhnhng
ngianhemrutthtvbconngDimlnhngngitorathixhi.Hnna,vcstranhchpgianhngngianhemrutthtca
ngDim(nhngngicquynhnhnhtnc)trongvicvvttinguynqucgia,bcltngbochonnthikialicngphttrinhn,to
bohnvquymhn.TixinlnlttrnhbythnhtchthamnhngcaccngNgnhThc,vchngNgnhNhu,vngNgnhCn
thyhphnbilinhngmt,nhnglituynbcchmngxhicahnmcno.
o0o
ngDimvatuynbkhaisanhnnCngHathvocuinm1956,ngNgnhThcchoxycttithxVnhLong(gntaGimmcca
ngta)mtTrungtmHunluynNhnV.Khilphunluynutinbtukhaiging,ngNgnhThcbnchoxyctthmnhngqunn,
qungiikhtgntrngkhasinhnung,giilao,huthuli.
Rit,ngThcbtTnhtrnglyt,lyvtliu,lycngqucaTnhnyxy50cnnh,micnchothu2.000ngmtthnghayl
bntvigi50.000ng.VcchmuttrcnnngNgnhThcspxpchonhngnhcacaTrungtmNhnV,ccqunnv
50cnnhmixythnhmttrungtmthngmimitiVnhLongthuhtthnggiaccnivmuahtcccnphmixy.Nhvy,ng
NgnhThckimhnhaitriuringbcmtcchddngmhunhkhngbrabaonhiutrongvnut.
lpphelmtincngkhaiutincaTnggimmcNgnhThcmktquchothylkhnngbunbnvucltierngcnxut
schnckhnngvuclochogiophn.Sthnhcngbanunhnhngkhchlkimtinkhc,saunysckhuchiratm
mcqucgiavnhiulnhvcrnglnhn.
ngNgnhThcngytrangconngichnhtrcangtabngmtconnginnglngvinngiodcThinChagiongddng
nhndanhtngiovvnhaxngxovoviclmtin,vonhnghnhngthamnhng.ngNguynThi,mttrthcCnggio,chobitrng
275/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhndanhtngiovvnhaxngxovoviclmtin,vonhnghnhngthamnhng.ngNguynThi,mttrthcCnggio,chobitrng
theonguyntcthttchnggimmcVitNamucquynthamdvovicquntrtrngihcLt,nhngtrnthct,ngThcgi
lycquyniukhinnhtrngvmtgiodclntichnh 7.KhngringtrngihcLtmngayckhchsnCaravelle,khchsn
lnnhtgiaTrungtmSiGn,thicngdongThcmtmnhnmgilyvicquntrtichnhchonsaungyltchDimmi
cgiaolichoGioHidocchaBnhlmchtchHingQuntr.
TiSiGn,TnggimmcNgnhThccthngxTaxngNguynHu,mttrungtmthngminitingnhtthiNgnhDim,nh
schXunThusngTDo,mtcxchothungTrnHngo,vmtngibitthsangtrngbnkiabsngThNghi
dinviSTh.Bitthnycvnrng,htmsangtrng,bnuchothuyntrtnc,vcycnhtrongvnthctchctrngtrtnh
mtcngvin.DichNguynVnThiu,nginhnychoccTaisngoiqucthu,vth,mthmngbTrnVn,ngbHunh
NgcAnh(hinHingoi),mtsnhnvtngoigiaoonvticNhtThamVTaiscmincmtingibitthnycang
NgnhThc,nntimibittnhcchxaxvhoangphcangibitthnguynlcamtnhtuhnh.
TrongviclmtincaTnggimmcNgnhThc,clviccquynkhaithcgLongKhnhvnhngkhurngdcngSiGnLt
ldchvlnlaonht.NgiVitNamtaccuni"rngvngbbc"chcingunlitolnvlmsnvhisncatnc,chonnTng
gimmcThcvvchngNhunmlyquynkhaithccygtiaphngnitingnhtvgqu.Cngtcbovanninhchothrng
doqunivchnhquynaphngphtrchmichonnm1961,vVitCnggiatnghotngvtnchimnhngkhurngnynnchnh
quynaphngkhngbomnianninh,vthnnanhemngDimbnchophpnhmkhaithccygcngthuchoVitCngvic
lmnctrichy.ViclmgiuphiphpnycaanhemngDimciyTh,squantyvincaTngthngDimtrnhby:
...T,cngvickhaithclmgLongKhnh,nhQun,cChakhngnhvqunigianninhna.Tronggiaionnytnhhnhchin
tranhsisclmri.
BnngiccChagiaovickhaithcgtrlngiuc.ChngnnirngchnggpVitCnghngngy,vuivlmkhngvicgnglov
ngthurtsngphng.Tuynhin,tikhnghiungthunhthno,baonhiu.Sgchvnhiulm,xexckhngngynodngbnh
nghngi.
Trongthigian,nhngngichuynsngvnghgrtingcnhin.HcChnhphchokhaithcnhngvngrngkhnglygp,g
ttlit,bVitCngquynhiunncngiphigiinghvphingthunng.
ThmcChaThcvbhvnnghngngy,lptringaytrongrng,cscngngycngln,khivlrathbnngdicacCha
tipxcviVitCngrtthnvngthuvimtstinvtmcchohngngnmtg.
ncuinm1962,TngthngDimbtubcmnhvcngvickhaithcgcacCha.TngthngDimclnxincChadnglicho
dnchnglm.cChaginTngthng,khngninnggcbvVnhLongrirathngHu.cChaginchuynnylmnnnilivicu
Cn,vthcuCnlolngmngysTngthngbtthnkhngchocuCncquynkhaithcquQungNgithbcmnhlm8.
VicngNgnhThcvvchngNgnhNhucquynkhaithcgtrongNamlmchoBtrngCanhNngLVnng(hinPhp)b
ngNgnhCnthghtramtmcdngnglyvinTrungngngCnLao.ngCnchorngngngchlophcvquynli"nng
lmsc"chongThcvngNhumkhngmxanngCnnnngphibiulthibtmncamnhchongbit.Mthm,ngng
cTngthngDimphiraQungTrquanstvnghincutnhhnh"nnglmsc"catnhny.ctin,ngNgnhCnralnhcho
TnhtrngNguynVnng(CnggioPhCam)phihnhcBtrngngbngcchkhngthmtipnngta.KhngcTnhtrngtip
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TnhtrngNguynVnng(CnggioPhCam)phihnhcBtrngngbngcchkhngthmtipnngta.KhngcTnhtrngtip
ntrnhbyvtholuncngvic,TrngsNngLmSclikhngdmchuynquyn,nnBTrngnglithilnmybaytrvSi
Gnmangtheomihnnhc.TivnkhngquenbitngngnhngvldocngvnncgpngvilntivnphngBtrngtdn
dntrnnquenbit.NhiulnBtrngngtmsvitivnibtmnchnchngcangtrcsthintcaanhemngDim,v
trcslnghnhcanhm"CnggioCnLao".
VanhemngDimdngxngmubinhsvngthuchoVitCnglmgiuvaktrnykhngcngCaoThDung,nhtrthc
CnggiocpntrongtcphmLmthnogitmtTngthng.Trili,tonbcunschchcmcchcaooccatonth
anhemnhNgvchtrchPhtgio,ngphivmtstcctnglnhltchDim.Phiminnm1984,tihingoi,dimc
Nhngbihcxngmuvhachiarphnha,CaoThDungmichunulnticcaanhemnhhNg:
TheongschlccaLnint1955,CngSnchunbgychintiminNam.Vicutinlchngxmnhpvohngngqucgia.Th
nhtlquangquynlcvthamnhngcachnhquyn.Thng11nm1959,LonNhyDdoitNguynChnhThiltlnhhnhqun
vochinkhuDnimTrungon10caSon7trcbCngqungytnthtnng.Trnnghnhqunvonicmanhchinkhu
D,LonDngcnhinthyxechgvthncivnlmntnhinnhnithanhbnh.AnninhLonlylml,btbnxebevth
rng iu tra, sau c bit y l h thng n cy lm n bt chnh do SuT ng u nhng li hn hp vi ngi anh em caTng
thng,hthnglmnc2TrungiBitkchgianninh.ylthiBCanhNngVitNamCngHadiquynLVnngnitingvccv
nrnglmcy.tlusauAnninhTnhbobtTKimin,TrngtyCngchnhBnhTuy(1959).innmtronghthngkinhtitnhboca
CngSntitnhThiBnhtnm1945,dicvThnhcanhvlTnhtrngNamnhctnhctmtanh"c"cthngcnscng
chnh.Nm1954dicvoNam,ingianhpngCnLaoquangngCn,incbnhimTrngtyCngchnhBnhTuyltnhTnLp,
mttnhchinlclicthnglnhngKsngha.VicutincainlloingaynhngnhnvincttngchngCngvcbit
dnBcdic.AnhvcainanglmGimcXsKinthit,tcngN.V.Ph(cuTnhtrngNamnh).
ychlmtthdrtnhtronghngngnthdvvicVitCngcingivochnhquyn.ChNhtCngHakhngangphicch
mngnhVitNamQucDnng,iVitQucDnngcngmtphnlndoCngSngitdy,thiNhCngHacnththmhn...9.
ngnhngCaoThDungni,chlmtthdrtnhtronghngngnthdvvicCngSncingivothamnhngvchnhquyn
mtnglnhbitrtr,vcngnhhbitchqunhiu,hutchoqucgiaqunhiuhmiphinglnltTngthngNgnh
Dim.ChticchongCaoThDungbitvanhemngDimlidngxngmubinhslmgiu,ngthuvbttayviVitCnglmgiu
qumun,nukhngthclngCaoThDungkhngbaogivitcun"LmthnogitmtTngthng"hubnhvcNgtriuvkhng
ngoancmtcchtinghipchotibntpschnynhiulntihingoi.
DsaothchmcnhnkhngvsthtauthngcadntcdichngDimcngcngCaoThDungnira.Chticrngngni
rachahtlivchahtstht.TimunnirngkhngphiSuTlngicmuvicncylmrng,ychlngiidinchongNg
nhThcvvchngNgnhNhu.BivchcTngGimMcNgnhThccmuhthngncylmrngthBtrngCanhNngmi
phihtlngphcv,thqunimibitphibinhsgignanninhchothrng,cnSuTcmuthscmymchnhquynvquni
phiymtr.LicnphinithmlcchhnhvncangCaoThDunglmchongicccmtngchnhSuTvBtrngLVn
nglnhngkctinhngsthtthhainhnvtnychlnnnhncachcngnhccngphicchmngcngDungnural
nnnhntrongchtrngphnhavchiarcachchkhngphido"CngSngitdy"nhngCaoThDungangtmcchbinh.
TngGimMcNgnhThckhngtbmthnhngbntinnotrongviclmtin.ngtanhTngthngDimralnhchoitPhng
NgcTrng(hinPhp),angchhuyngnhQunNhuQunkhuI,phimuancmmthicaccb"s"PhanThit,thncmmlu
277/611
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NgcTrng(hinPhp),angchhuyngnhQunNhuQunkhuI,phimuancmmthicaccb"s"PhanThit,thncmmlu
ngykhngbnc,bhthibnlichogianhbinhs.TtnhinitTrngphithihnhlnhtrnrichulysnguynracavcon
binhs.NgnhThccnbtthnphTngTrnVnn,lisVitNamtiiLi,phingtnchoccchngmcticcngnhng
ngoiqucdmThc,nhngngisnhtnhtchi,khngchulmtaysaichomtnhtuhnhbtlng.ngDimkhngnhngbitcs
tchinymcnbitcthikhinhbcangisnnnmngysau,ralnhctchcismcdhaigianhtngquennhaulungy
10.NhngnungishTrnkhngchulmtaysaichongNgnhThctrongvicchuyntinvoNgnhngngoiqucthcnhiu
ngikhcsnsnglo,trongcccclinhmcngiiLi.Nm1965,bochvPhplmnolnvvmtlinhmcngi
cpcangNgnhThc98ngnlatrongchngmcdolinhmcnyngtnlmtbngchngrrtvchuynngThcchuyn
tinrancngoi.TtnhinngNgnhThcphicnhiuchngmckhcnhautinhiuqucgiakhcnhau,vdonhiungikhcnhau
ngtnnhtrnghpvchngNgnhNhumtiscpnsauny.
VtubnhthLaVangtuylmtcngtcchotngiocngtrthnhmtchichoTnggimmcNgnhThclmtin.TpsancM
LaVangsphthnhnm1962trnhbymtdanhschditntuinhng"nnhn"cngtinchovickinthitnhth.TPhTngthng
NguynNgcThtrxung,dCnggiohaykhng(nghalchaykhngclinhnnhthLaVang)uctntrongbngdanhsch.
ngNgnhThclicntchcxsTombolarigiaochocnhstlidngccvxecphmluting,ptixphimuavTombola
cangThctchcthayvnptinphtchoChnhph.TrongvicnhthLaVangny,chngnhngngnschqucgiamtistinphtxe
licnmtcstinvxehavnhnngylkhnhthnh"TrungtmcMLaVang",TnggimmcNgnhThccanthipnhaHaXa
hgimtnavxekhuynkhchdnchngidltiLaVangchong 11.RrngchngnhngngThclunlundavouyquynca
ngiemlmTngthnghimiquynth,mcnlidngdanhnghatngiocangta,lidngccMlmtin,khngkhcgng
HunhVnCaolidngcMcngDimchothngquantinchc.ivinhngtngiogianthcMchlmtchiubicho
chngbunbn.
Nm1963,khitrnhimtigiophnHu,TnggimmcNgnhThcdnhlykhuCnHnvkhuNgVintiGiaHixyctcstn
giovnhring,nhngvicangtinhnhthbinc111xyralmvtancithamvngmunbinCHuthnhcncacangThc.
Thtvy,dnHubiulstcginmilnThcvihnhnhaivngnyquanst,ocvchovha.NhtlmilnngThcdi
chuynthkhngkhcgcungcchcamtvnguynthQucgia,cngtinhhung,cngconxemthtng,xecnhsttrcsauh
cidpng,trongkhithdnchngphidtrahaibnngynkhilmmtciuynghicanhtuhnhnitingbclt,thamnhngvk
thtngiony.
Btchpnicccvphnutcanhndn,btchpsinhmnhcatncangbCngSneda,lngthamvycaTngGimMcNg
nhThccdavochmtrthnhtolnhnvvlimshn.ngThcchbittin,tinvtin.Tuynhin,nhngvktrnvnchang
kkhisosnhvivNgnKhnhxyravonhngngydaongcuicngcach.
Ngy29thng6nm1963,ngNgnhThctchclNgnKhnhknim25nmthphongGimmccangta.Thayvtchctrongphmvi
tngiovgianh,TngGimMcNgnhThc,trongmcchlmtinmtvthtln,binlNgnKhnhcamnhthnhmtqucl.Ti
Th Si Gn, Tng Gim Mc Ng nh Thc giao cho ng Trng Vnh L, Ch tch Quc hi, thnh lp "y Ban Trung ng Mng l Ngn
Khnh"mLlchtchvttcmiyban,miccucanhchgilQucHiuthamdvovicnggptinbcnhtiBGiodc,
B trng Nguyn QuangTrnh (hin M) lm trng tiu ban cho B v cho cc trng i hc.Ti ccTnh hay th x thTnh trng hay th
trnglmtrngyban.CcTiuban,yban...phinhnmtsphiudticmngtrgi5.000ngchonhngngikhgi,caocp,v2.500
ngchocngchcnhChs,Trngphnghaysquancpy.Ttnhinhngngicngchc,squanvnkhngdd,vcaimunmttin
chomthnhngthamnhngu,nhngriplctrctiphaygintipttrnxungqunngn,nncngnhphibpbngbra2.500
ngnhcngchncynthn.
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ngnhcngchncynthn.
Tuykhngaibitci"ppheNgnKhnh"TngGimmcNgnhThcthuhochcbaonhiunhngclyconsccBtrng,Tnggim
c,Gimc,squancpTng,T,Dnbiu,Tnhtrng,Phtnhtrng,gioscctrngihcHu,SiGn,Lt,ccChnhsv,
Chs,Trngty...cathnhSiGnv43tnh,thcaminNamthtacngcthhnhdungcstintolnnhthno.lchani
nTngGimMcNgnhThccnbnvbaticnychothnggia,knghgia,chngnhng,chxnghipSiGn,ChLnv43tnh,
thtiminNamna,mlpnginykhngnhngchmuavbaticmthi,hcncngthmrtnhiuclngcCha.Tikhngnhai
chotibittrongmtbatictiChLngmtonnhngBangtrngviphgiaHoaKiu,ngThckhngngingngtuynb:"Hm
naytimun"bclt"quv...ticstinlovicvnha,xhi...".CutuynbnaanathtcavTnggimmcNintrnggiohi
CnggioVitNam,lilanhrutcaTngthngVitNamCngHa,phicccphgiaHoaKiunghlngimunmnhdchubaong
gptbctriutrln.BitbinlNgnKhnhcamnhthnhmtlchungchocnctinhnhkhochlmtiniquymnhth,hn
TngGimmcNgnhThcthucbctvchcchnngThcxngngcgilthngikinhdoanhcucltismtkhng
nhngtrongGioHimcnctrongtonminNamna.
TuyvyiuquantrngnhtcaLNgnKhnhchaphilsbctmngThcthulmc,iuquantrngtronglinhnsinhmng
cachlTngGimmcThctchclNgnKhnhcangtanhmtquclngaytronglccucutranhcaPhtgionhisi
ng,tochocucutranhcaPhtgiothmchnhngha,thmhohng,thmcasnhndnngh.
VyTngGimmcNgnhThc,nginggpmttayychxungvcsucalchs,lai?
SaucichtcangianhtrnglngNgnhKhivonm1945,ngNgnhThctrthnhngianhlnnhtcadnghNgnh,vth
nhhng"quynhuynhthph"cangtatrnccngiemthttoln.VothingDimlmTngthng,ngThcgichcTngGimmc,
nghalnguhnggiophmVitNam.Nm1933,saukhingDimtchcThngthBLi,chnhnhngThcbomvchechm
ngDimcynthnvingiPhpchonkhicbngchngngDimhotngchoquniNht,ngiPhpvPhmQunhmibt
ngta.Nm19491950,khilmGimmcVnhLong,ngThcvnngngDimcxutngoiidlNmThnhtiVaticannhng
thtsliHoaKgpHngYSpellman,ngibnngkhaviThcthicnhctiVatican.NhstincvgigmmSpellmanmi
giithiungDimvichnhgiiHoaK.NhmtsschsM,Phpnura,ngNgnhThcnmvngckthutvnngvkhuynh
lotchnhtrmkhngcnphinmchnhquyn,nhngibnSpellmancangtavnrtcnhhngvichnhtrngHoaKnhngbngoi
thvntrachquantmntngiomthi.TrnthctthdichNgtriu,TngGimmcNgnhThclngicnhhngnhtti
minNam.QuytnhcangtaltingnicuicngcagianhvkhngnhngcnhnngDimphinghelingThcmngThclibitli
kovchngNgnhNhungThcthmvythmcnh.Vtuykhngthamdtrctipvochnhquyn,tigiophnVnhLongtrckiacng
nhtiHunm1963,tdinhcaTngGimmcNgnhThcvnltrungtmquynlctolnhngngyngThctipnhngnhnvtquan
trngkhngkhcgngDimtipquckhchtidinhcLphaydinhGiaLong.
ngNgnhThccTngthngDimknhnvvnglinhngkhnnichnhlngthamlamtinbccangta,thamvnglmHngYca
ngtavtinhthnkthTngioqunngncangtalnhngyutaychNgtriunsp,vantnhtrngvongmng
canhngngiemngnhnhnxtcangisquantyvinthntnnhtcangDim:
cChaThc,mttrongnhngngitrongdnghquynquNgnh,lmchocncnthinlchtngio,lmchonhngnginghxaln
ch.NunimtcchphphngthTngthngDimlngincChaThcqumc,cChaThcgpphnvovicaTngthng
Dimnniannghcuicng...12.
279/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
XtvtrnghpcangNgnhThc,tathyrrngngtiubiumtcchtrnvnnhtchostnghpcanhngtoanmThcdnv
Phongkinlitrnphonghancta:ToanhimiquynthquahthngngcpphongkincatriunhnhNguynlcmtvn,v
toandcngvitquachnhschbnrttinguyncathcdnBohlcxuaqunxmchimncta.Vthahnggiativotntrong
timcchonnkhiemlnlmTngthnglanhphitndngquynthbincachungtncthnhcaringmnh.iungbunlchic
otusvnhngnmdihcgiolThinChagiokhngscmnhnhbtcnhnggcrcacctoanbmsuvotm
thccaNgnhThc,conchincaGioHiVitNamvGiohiLaM.
ngNgnhThckhngphichthamtinmcnthamquynhnhvav.unm1956,saukhingDimtrutphBoibclnngiv
Tngthngri,GioHongPieXIIbnthngcChaNguynVnHinlnchcTngGimmcSiGn.QuytnghcacThnhchalmcho
anhemngDimhtscphnutvGioHongkhngchpthunngvinmngDimihilngianhNgnhThcanglGimmc
GiophnVnhLong.
MicmginiviGioHongangDimlynhngbinphpquytlit:
ThngbochoTaThnhLaMltnayttcccgiosngoiqucnhnhotiVitNamphituynthtrungthnhvingDimbng
khngsccoinhlthnhphnthnCng.
BtgiGimmcSieltzcaHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhp,nhbtngtanhngVaticancanthipkpthi.
RalnhchoskimduytphikimsotnhngthtnVatican,mnhngvnkincaTaThnhthngboviccChaHincthng
chc,lmphbnnhngvnkiny,gilimtthigiantrongkhiGimmcNgnhThcbaysangRomexinGioHongphithayiquyt
nh.
DvynhiuGimmc,nhiulinhmcVitNamcngbitcvicGioHongthngchcchocChaHinnnraogingchoccho,
cncChaHinthlntingbuctingDimngphibdtphpthngcng13.
Tuynhin,nhnhiungivothiubitrngcChaHinchgichcvTngGimmcSiGncvithngribthuynchuynln
LtsngmthmgmnhmmitnhibcenchonkhiNgitth.CnLinhmcthncnvicChanhChaOnh,ChaThing,Cha
CaubanhemngDimvukhngthti,cvbaraTan(chaCahinnaylmtGimmcsngtiHoaK).
TrnhbyvgianhhNg,HilaireduBerriervittheoGeorgeMenant(trongtunboParisMatchngy23111963)nhsau:
NnGianhtrcanhNgnhhuquchothylchnhquynthNgnhDim,cnhstcnganthNgnhNhucnvngtaththam
nhngpphe,ngoigiaothNgnhLuyn,bunlulagothNgnhCn.LnhvctngiothucvNgnhThc,mtnhtuhnhmlm
chvstai,vtdinhngtathctrsngphngkhng.NhngcimHngYchaphilthamvngcuicngcangtamphilngiv
GioHongphilmtGioHongkhngthkmhn.
TheotruynthngcaVatican,munchnmtGioHongcmuGioHiLaMthvHngYcbulnphixutthntccqucgiam
ngiCngGiophilias.CngvvymchnhquynngDimchophthnhnhngbngthngknirngtiVitNamc70%dns
theoThinChagio,20%theooPhtv10%thucccolinhtinhkhc.nglnhngbngthngkththvnctiptccngbnu
khngcmtphionidinTaThnhnVitNamnhnthyrngcPhtgiotungbaykhpni,cons70%lPhttchkhngphil
280/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khngcmtphionidinTaThnhnVitNamnhnthyrngcPhtgiotungbaykhpni,cons70%lPhttchkhngphil
giodn.ngDimginlmnnmiclnhcmtreocPhtgiovibmynpkhnglaychuynni,anvictthiucngkhaivy
xcngcaccnhs...14.
NhngskintrnykhngchlmnibtlngdThamSnSivcaanhemnhNgmcnchothyhlunlunlhngngiphn
phc.MilnquynlicnhncahkhngcthamnlhphnbingaydkbphnbilmtvGioHong.HphnbinhNguyn,
CuHongBoi,ngiPhp,saunyhphnbingiM,phnbiqundnminNam,vcnnhn,bnghu,ngch,thuccptng
nghhocphcvchoh.ThikhnhoYPhaNho,ngNgnhThchailn"phnlon"tranhchcGioHong,bTaThnhtrng
phtnngncngchothybnchtphnbivnnmsuthmtrongtmcancaanhemnhNg 15.Mtconngi,mtTngGimmcnh
thmtrongcunsch"LmthnogitmtTngThng"ngCaoThDungcangiloc,lkhngdnhvochnhtr!
o0o
TuyTngGimMcNgnhThclmtthsumtckhotqucgianhthnhngchtrngthamnhngcangNgnhNhulicngh
gmhn,vlmhichotnckhngkhiphn.
ngNgnhNhulmtnhkhoabng,mtnhchnhtrtrngbngoicvkhckh.TrongnhngnmdithichintranhPhpVit(1945
1954),vchngngtaphisngmtcucsngcnkim,khngvnggilm.DichDim,lngDnbiucahaivchngmithng
khong5,6chcngn,ngDimlixuttinmtphchomithngmttriung.CcvinchctrongphTngthng,cngnhtcphm"Nhng
NgyChaQun"caonThm,chobitvonhngnmucach,ngNhusngthanhbch,khngccmtvnphngringlmvic.
Vinhngskinbanu,lcbygiaicngcngNgnhNhusaunylitrthnhtayithamnhngvsau8,9nmcmquyn,
trthnhtph,cachmcaniydyttrongncranngoinc.ThranhkhoabngNgnhNhuchlkocgi.
TiSiGn,vchngNgnhNhuchaibitthln,mtgcngPasteurvHinVngvmtngPhngKhcKhoan.Ngibitth
lugcHinVngPasteurlcucngNgnhNhudnglmtrstrungngngCnLao,nhngmynmsau,vngkhnghp
hnhgnannngchosasanglirtpvgiaochonginhtrngcoimthi.NgibitthlutingPhngKhcKhoanccimihin
lnlpbngngingrtmthut,trngbngoiththykhnglnlmnhnglilngibitthvcngsvrtsangtrngvngmhaidy
nhlucchnhaugiabngmtsnrtrng,trngnhiuhoaqu.SaukhichDimblt,nhngnhcangNhuutrthnhcngsn,
dodithiNguynVnThiu,ngibitthtingPhngKhcKhoanccpchotngTrCao,TlnhqunonIII,lmtdinh.
TuyhaibitthlutiSiGnlnhngnginhpnhtnhTh,nhngsosnhvingibitthmahcavchngNhutiLtth
chngthmvouvcmtslnlngly.BitthmaHtiLtphicsosnhvinhngluicaccbccnghu,btcca
ccxuChuvncbaobcbnghailptngthnh:nithnhbclybitthchnhvsnc,cnngoithnhthbclymtvnhoa
rnglnkinthitcngphu.HikOurEndlessWarcaTrnVnnchobitrng:
"BNhuxymtbitthlnglygmtangangludctiLtlmbitthmaH.Bitthlmtluitnghpvisntennis,hbivnhiu
kintrclnglyxyctmynmtrngmkhichDimbltvocuinm1963vnchahonthnh,dccmtikintrcs,ha
s,nhthuxyctlmvicmythngtrcsdmngcacthgii.SbiulkhoekhoangkhnggipchchovchngNgnhNhu
mchmualylichbaicadncnc"16.
TngnvbNhulibnchthntnm1948,tngnbitrsnghipvcucibNhunhngngiluicabtatiLt,tng
nqunkcivnhoarnglncthcgilvnhoabtngttrongsntrclui,quncrngthngtrnngnitrongsnsauca
281/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nqunkcivnhoarnglncthcgilvnhoabtngttrongsntrclui,quncrngthngtrnngnitrongsnsauca
lui,csptvvunximtcchcngphu,qunkcihsenhnhaVitNammbNhumiksNhtBnnVitNamhailn
thitkvxyctcihcbit.NgiluicavchngNhunitingnsaukhichDimblt,dukhchxvLttm
xem(XincbivitcakgiHowardSochurektrongtpchNationalGeographicsthng9/1964cnglitrongphnPhLc).
TisntrongnccavchngNgnhNhucncrngcyhaitrmmutinhQun,trngtonthgttdngchtobngsngxut
cngvnhnitrn,haivchngNhucngcngvingNgnhThckhaithccygtiLongKhnhvdctheongSiGnLt
nhhikThghichprrng.NgoiravchngNhucncphnhntrongcccskhaithcncsuiVnhHo,lngvtChLn,phn
chimoHongSa,thanQuBngvthanCMu,csnhpcngvchtothucTyO.P.V.doDnbiuNguynCaoThngchhuy,muiC
N,thanNngSn,cttrngCamRanh,v.v...
McdvchngNhuctodngtisntrongnc,nhngnhludivthmknthvnlchuyntinrancngoi,todngvnlingti
Php,,vThyS(clphngkhingbcVitNambmtgi,vchunbkhihusphitrnrangoiquc).
MtvithdcthvtisndovchngNhutodngtiuChutnm1957:nginhqun16,vngcnhiunhcapvtginht
thParis,rpchiubngEdenilChampsElyses,ngibitthtingoiLaM,thcav.v...VicvchngNgnhNhuchuyn
ngnvmuatisntingoiquccFrancesFitzgeraldtitlrng:
"BNhubitloxakhitchlytisnvmauchnglmchochngcgitrnthtrnguChu.Trongsnhiubtngsn,bNhulm
chmtnhhtlntiiLChampsElysesParis"17.
Tronglc,WilliamJ.Ledererchobit"theoccmtbovinngiThySvTrungHoacatiboco,khong18tMkimcmtstnhn
ngiVitgivoccngnhngngoiqucktnm1956.Migny,quamthptcvin"kn"(silentpartner),bNhumuatngnhng
tlnthnhtiParis.Muatrhtbngtinmt" 18.TuyLedererkhngnitrngranhngvs18tMkimnitrn,tacthsuydinmkhng
snhmlnrnganhemngDimlchnhncaaphnstinkchs,vhcaitrminNamngn10nmtrivngytoc
vs"chi"thuntinthugpcacicng,t,hinkim,hinvt,khuchtrngvkhaithckngh,thngmi(trctipvngynqua
trunggian)gomgpcmtgiatikhngl.
NgoistinbthpphpkchsmvchngNgnhNhugirangoiquc,vngoinhngngunkinhtikhcnhau,tacnphikns
tinlibnvskinthitdonhngcucxsmitunmtk.NhiungiVitPhpchobitrngsaungychDimblt,giabNhu
vnguynBtrngPhTngthngNguynnhThun,mtcngsvinthntncavchngNhu,cnhngcuctranhciddivstin
lixskinthitngoiquc.BNhungmngnutcaychoThunlyhtstintolnkiavchngmcchuynngnlikhngng
tncabta,mlingtnngiynhimcangNguynnhThun.
Ngoira,trongnm1965,saukhibochuChuphtgicvTngGimmcNgnhThcbmtlinhmcngilaltmt98ngnla,bo
chPhplicnngtithmvbNhubmttrmgn300ngnla,stinmtkhnggitingnhng.Nhngsviccngchngminh
thmchuynanhemngDimchuyntinrancngoi.Nhngnuchuynchuynngn,muasmbtngsnncngoichngtmc
giucvmcviphmlutlhioicaqucgiathcitiplnxcchtcaqundnvinhthnphgia,cititiuhymtstbnln
caqucgiautngoiquctronglcqundnnghoi,chtchcmithtltrngtivtnhcchlaongbocan.
Thtvy,tronglchNghhochngCng,hhonhndnhysinhxngmuthchnhhlisonsachunbchomtcucraisng
vngnixngi.VnkhngchngnglimcntthmcuhitisaongNgnhNhukhnggitinvtodngtisnHoaK
282/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vngnixngi.VnkhngchngnglimcntthmcuhitisaongNgnhNhukhnggitinvtodngtisnHoaK
mlictgiutiPhpvuChu?
Nm1963,timihiucthoncavchngNgnhNhuvvnnynhngNhuquaylithnthinvingiPhp,nhngkmmt
thiNhucoilthchnguyhimnht.Skinmtisnirmtchngsau.
PhphnnnthamnhngcavchngNgnhNhu,ngHunhSanhThng,mttrthcVitNamvkhngchungnichctiNgnh
DimnhphibncraivhinlmvictiihcYale,vitrng:
"iumamailtiminNamVitNam,dichcamtngTngthngghtnb,ngtaliphongchomtphncquynhntuyti!B
NgnhNhu,emducaNgTngthng,nhtPhunhn.ChaivchngNgnhNhuulcvnchnhtrvchinlc,btanmtrn
quynkinhtqucgiatrongtay,btalngiccoinhltrungtmcanhngvthamnhngkinhkhngnht"19.
Lmgiukhngphilmtciti,nukhngmunnilnhnghotngkinhdoanhhuchlmphttrinkinhtncnh,mcnngc
khuynkhch.NhngtrnghpcangNgnhNhullmgiumtcchbthpphp,lmgiubngcchlidngquynthlnhocamnh,
vlmgiuchoringmnh,mkhngnggpgchonnngoithngqucgiathquthtlchngchtbalntili.Nhnghqucahnh
ngnhnglmnykhngphichvmtkinhtmthimcnvcmtchnhtrnavngNgnhNhuanghnhxnhnhnvtshaica
ch,angcthctondnhysinhkhamkhchomtcuc"cchmngxhicnlao".Ngnngvchtrngthmtng,hnhngv
nhthmtno,ngNgnhNhukhngnhngmangtinhlanhndnlmchohkhngtnnhimchnamcntonhcimcho
CngSntuyntruynnhphchnhnghacaminNam,bibncucutranhchngCngcadnNam.Citichnhtrmithtsli
ti.
VchngNgnhNhukhngnhngthliquachngtrnhvintrM,quacccskinhdoanh,quaccdchvthngmi,quacctchc
kinhticaChnhphv.v...hcnchxngvdnhdvonhngtickhngngtinhtchccbcvbunluthucphin,nhngticc
tchcquim(organizedcrimes)mchnhngNgnhNhungyxalnnByVinbngdanht"tncpBnhXuyn".
Thtvy,saukhingcasngbciThGiicaBnhXuynvbanhnhlutcmcbcthchnhngNhulichotchcmtsngbcquim
tinhhngiLaThincamtngiTuChLn.SngbcnyctchcrtknovccanhgibinhngnhnvinchmcaS
Nghincuchnhtr.NgiVitNamtaibitcshinhucasngbcnyvsngbcchdnhringchoHoaKiuChLnvnhngngi
TutSingaporehoctHngKngnstphtnhaumthi.Sngbctuykhngs,bthnhKimChung,iThGiicaByVinngy
xa,nhngslitcthuvothvcngtolnvtaychitonlnhngkiphthng,iknghgiangiTu.
KhngthvindnldokinhtichongCnLaohayPhTngthng,haychoNgnkhVitNammbochachohnhvi"chcha"nycang
NgnhNhu,vctinvintrM,cngnququcgiavnhtlkhngthnhndanhmtcuccchmngxhirtcnthitchomin
Namlcbygimbinminhchohnhnglmtinbivphncchmngny.Vythchcnmtldothi:lcungngvthamntitham
khngycavchngNgnhNhu.ChonnngoisngbciLaThinra,ngNhucntchcmththngmuabn,phnphithucphin
luvcngkinhkhngmchcchntronglchsVitNamchacmththngcquynbunbnthucphinnotinhvivtolnnhvy.Alfred
W.McCoy,mtchuynvinbitrbunluqucttnglcvntiNhaTnggimccnhstCnganVitNam,krvbunluthuc
phintronglunntinscangta,nhanl:ThePoliticsofHeroineinSouthEastAsianhsau:
NgaysaukhibncpBnhXuynvabnhuirakhiSiGn,thng5nm1955,TngthngDim,mtngiCnggiomo,bnquytlit
bitrnnthucphinbngmtchindchtbnnrthpdn.Ttctimbunthucphinubngca,thucphinrtkhmuavSi
283/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
bitrnnthucphinbngmtchindchtbnnrthpdn.Ttctimbunthucphinubngca,thucphinrtkhmuavSi
Gnkhngcnlnigiaodchviquctvthucphinna.Thmchbanmsau,bngnhinChnhphDimbcichtrnglnhmnhx
hiivlmsnglivicgiaothngbthpphpvbunbnthucphinlu.NgnhNhulyldothiutinbcchiphchocngcuc
tnhbongtabunbnthucphinlumcdtrongbanmqua,vintrMvCIAbtinrtdidochocngcuctnhbocangta.
NhuithmvintrMchocngtcnynhngvnhiuldoMtchi.Nhunhtnhtinhnhvquytnhlmsnglivicbunbnthuc
phinlu,dcctimhtbcmtbanmtrc.NgnhNhulinlcviccBangtrngHoaKiutiChLnchomliccbnn,cc
timbunthucphinvthitlpmththngbunlu.Chtrongvngvithng,hngtrmtimbunthucphincmli,vtheophngvin
t"LifeTime"clngthch5nmsau,chaingnritimbunthucphinlutiChLnvSiGn(chak43tnhthkhckhpmin
Nam).
tiptchocctimbun,NhummtngdychuynthucphintLovNamVit.Phngtinchuynchchnhlchicphicca
hngHngKhngDnSLo,iukhinbitngianghngiCorselFrancisci,tnglbnviByVin,tnglmnviByVin.Mcduct
nhtbnnghngkhngnhcangiCorsebunluthucphingiaLovNamVitNam,nhngchcFranciscibtutnm1958
trongvicbunluthucphintLovri.SaukhicNhubomsantontrongvicchuynch,phiicaFranciscigmnhngphichai
myBeechcraftsbtuchthucphinluvominNamtheonhphngngy.
NhucntngcngvictiptthucphinvominNambngcchrinhnvintnhbokhpncLomuathucphinsngvdngphic
qunsVitNamchuynchtheocungcchconthoi,chngiirichthucphinv.
TronglcNhulogiaothiptrctipviFrancisci,thbcsTuyn,mtthytuxut,GimcSNghincuChnhtr,loviciukhinhthngtnh
botiLo.McdNgnhNhulngithon,ququyt(machiavelli)cachDimnhngnhiungicngchoTuynlkamutck.
DvihthngbunluthucphinvnhiuhnhthcthamnhngkhctochoNgnhNhumttisnvi,nhngchDimvnkhngth
tnticnungiMtrmtchnglich.nhiunmqua,ngiMrtbcmnhvngDimkhngchubitr,trngtrthamnhng.
Thng3nm1961,cquantnhboHoaKlmbnphctrnhchoTngthngKennedyvphphnngDimnhsau:
"NhiunginhnthyngDimkhngthchngniCngSnbivscaitrcnhnconcangta,bivsdungdngthamnhngca
ngtangaycvinhngngithncnnhtvstchidpbchkmkpcangta"20.
Hotngbunbnvphnphithucphinmtcchquym,chthnglnlaocangNgnhNhurinhngchicmtnkhckh,
mtncchmng,mtnoc,mtnthgiavngtccangicgilchachthuytnhnvduylinh,ngitnngoanoCng
gioThinCha,ngicvncbitcaTngthngDim.
ngNgnhNhumncthiutinnnphibunluthucphinchiphchohthngtnhbo,nhngthtschlidngdanhnghalm
giuchocnhnvhthngnyctitrbivintrM,cphcaCIAvmtphcaTngthngDim,thhinungNhuthuc
mtstinkinhkhngtrong6,7nmtriquahthngbunluchiphchocngtctnhbothtisaotnhhnhquns,anninhmingymt
suysptronglcvchngNgnhNhulichuyntinrancngoi,muabtngsnvcnhngnhngttingoiquc?
Vocgi,anhemngDimtnglnnByVinltncpvovlun,ralnhcmhtthucphin,cmbunbnthucphinlu,
mchindchtbnn,vytisaongNgnhNhunutlibincmingmmnhnhilmngvlmhnnhnggByVin
lm.HnhngcangNhuchngnhnglhnhngcakcpmcnmangtiladiqucdnlmgiumtcchbtchnhvtrilut.
NucnphisosnhthtcchcangNgnhNhucnthuactngcpByVinbivByVindmcngkhainirmnhbunthucphin
284/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NucnphisosnhthtcchcangNgnhNhucnthuactngcpByVinbivByVindmcngkhainirmnhbunthucphin
lu,trongkhingNgnhNhuthchtrngcmonbmtcquynbunluthucphin,vtuynbcngkhaivibochmnhkhngbao
gidnhdngnnhngviclmphiphpvtinbcbtkdihnhthcnonhnitrnkia.
V phn bi ging ni dn tc th r rng khng nhng ch ring trng hp c bit ca nc ta m mi quc gia tin b, mi nh lnh o chn
chnh,ulychtrnglmqucdncngthnhlutinhngu:Dncgiuncmimnh,dncmnhncmigiu.Trili,vich
NgnhDim,anhemnhhNgvchtrnglmgiuringtnnbunbnthucphinlu,mcacctimhtydnvocnh
tngthiu,lmchodnsovairtc,tinhthnbcnhc,gytaihaludichogingnivanhndnvocnhyuhntrongkhiqucdnli
cnphicngtrngnguvimtkthhiuchin,daidng,chungnhCngSn.
Mtngiphncchmng,phnoc,vphndntcnhthmlilmcvnchovnguynthqucgiaviuhnhnhngchnhschpht
trin,nhngqucschchngCngthchngtrchchcnglccngu,tnccnglccngsuykit,dntccnglccngbcnhcv
CngSncngngycngmnh.
VticcangNgnhNhuvchNgnhDimkinhkhngnhthchonnMcCoymigil"Ng triu v bng cp Ng nh Nhu"
(DiemsdynastyandNhubandits).NtinsFrancesFitzgeraldcngphphnrng:"NhuhnhngnhkthccaNhulByVin,cng
cpbin(waterfrontpiracy),cnglaocpbc(extorsionracket),bunluthucphinvgianmanhtrongvicingoitchuynngnra
ncngoi"21.
TithamnhngcangNhunhthmvokhongunm1963,trongcucphngvncakgiStanleyKarnow,ngNgnhNhuvnclp
limlicnmitthnhndnkhiKarnowhingNhuchobitkinvtinangcphbinkhpSiGnlnnvchngNhuthamnhng.ng
Nhutrli:"Vickhngngstht,chngtikhngcght.ngcthxemxtchngmccachngti,chngtirtngho".
KgiKarnowvnhitip:"Nhngmnhndnnghrngnglkbtchnh".ngNhuxcxctrli:"Tibtcnnhndnnghg"22.
ngNhubtcnnhndnnghgnhngnhndnthnghxongri,vnicngnhlmlintrongnm1963,nghaltrngphtch
ngkticatnc.
Tuynhin,dTngGimMcNgnhThcvvchngNgnhNhuthamnhngbcltnhngcnmndanhnghanydanhnghakhcc
chelptic,trilingNgnhCnbclt,thamnhngtrngtrnkhngbitkingnaikcviccpcagitngicngkhai.
KhngnhTngGimmcNgnhThcvvchngNgnhNhu,vncTyhclinmnhiulinhvingoinhnnnthamnhngmt
cchtinhvivbitcchtutntisnrangoiquc,ngNgnhCnqumavcccnnnmihotngthamnhngutrngtrnxyrav
nmtrongphmviVitNam.VcngvctnhnhthnnngNgnhCnkhngnhngbcltpbc,himiquynth,dcngvitmcn
khngngingngnhngtayvonhngticcpcagitngina.
Mt trong nhng hnh ng tham nhng u tin ca ng Cn l khng b dc s Nguyn Cao Thng ly 200.000 ng bc vo nm 1955.
NguynsaukhitngNguynVnHinhvPhpvtaychnthntncaHinhHulitTrngVnXng,TlnhQunkhuIIphitrnvo
SiGn,ngNgnhCnbnchothuchnmlunvotimthucTrngTincangNguynCaoThngtingTrnHngo,Hu,
nhnitrongchngIIItrckia.
ngCnchonmlunvonhthucTrngTinkhngphivtrmithcmvkhngblmtin.
285/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngCnchonmlunvonhthucTrngTinkhngphivtrmithcmvkhngblmtin.
Bkhngb,ngThngsquvivnhngonNhng,chtchPhongtroCchmngQucgiaThaThinvngNguynVnBu,mtbn
thncangThng,mtnhthulnngiCnggioPhCamvcbconvingNgnhCn,dnngThngtiytkinngCnxinquy
hng v xin t ti. L ra mt l 200.000 ng (hai trm ngn ng thi 1955 c th ng gi hai trm triu thi Nguyn VnThiu). ng thi ng
ThngtnhnguynlovickinhtichongCnchuccitidmvlvingCntrckia.Mtlnna,ngThngmmulmkbunvua,
mtthLBtVibnTuxakia,danhhiummtsngitngchongNguynCaoThng.
Ty"LnhchaminTrung"v"LBtVi"trthnhngchnh"kcp,bgi"gpnhau.ngCnkhaithctilmtincangThng,cn
ngThngkhaithcquynuycangCncav,ththnvcnglmgiuring.
Saubuilramtnitrn,nhthuc"TrngTin"cangThngHudomttaychncangCnlovicqunl,cnngThngthvoSi
GnthngxuynravodinhcLp,tipxcvivchngNgnhNhu.ngThngchhuyngnhxutnhpcngthucTy,nhbochO.P.V.
phtrchngnhkinhtichoanhemhNgvtrthnhmtDnbiugianclc.
Thltmtk"dm,vlun,Vitgianv.v..."dcsNguynCaoThng,bnthnca"ThhinVitgian"PhanVnGio,nginemtrungtn
caThtngtaysaiPhp"NguynVnTm,trthnhicngthnclccachCnghaNhnvdoTngthngNgnhDimlnho.
Tronglcthngibnthn,ngingch,nginnhnccaTngthngNgnhDim,cagianhhNglngTrnVnLcngb
nmlunnhngNguynCaoThng,litrthnhnnnhncanhhNg,phidndtvconvontrtiSiGntrongcnhnghonn
tngthiu,licnbnhNgbtbgiamcmsauv"TuynngnCaravelle"nm1960.
HnhngthamnhngtiptheolvicbungoviVitCngcangNgnhCnvbchrutlbCL(NhcmucaBtrngBQuc
phngTrnTrungDung)xyravounm1956nhtitrnhbytrongonucachngny.
ngianm1956vsauhaivthamnhng,ngCncmtsvntolnvkhvngvng.Hnna,viciquynhnhmingymt
vngchc,licngvin"CnLaoCnggio"khpni,c"onCngtccbitMinTrung"doDngVnHiucmuvinhngnhnvin
cngan,mtvtncnhPhanQuangng,LD,LHot,TrnVnHng,...nhngkmchminghenintnldnminTrungs
khipvanhngheninhungthncqu,ngNgnhCntrthnhmtbochatrnchaimttmchtcngnhhnhx.TngCn
coinhndnnhvttthn,ngnlabotntcygmthamnhngcangCntarakhpnimlutlqucgiavuyquyncanganh
Tngthngcngkhngcntrni.ngCnnmtrnvnnnkinhtqucgiatrongtaytrntonblnhthminTrungvvngCaoNguynri
nhngvnthychanncnvndicnhtayntnSiGn.ngCngiaochonhngtaychnthntnnhnhbunTrnDuynkhaithc
qutivngrngniTrMy,TrBng,tiQungNginmlycquynbngoibichodnminTrungkhaithcynsotiKhnhHa.ng
CngiaochonhthuTTnDngphtrchuthuxyctnhngkhchsnln.Nhngthnhphcnhiudukhchvcngchcluitinh
Hu,Nng,QuyNhn,NhaTrang,SiGn,Lt,BanMThut,...uckhchsnlncangCn.HuckhchsnThunHa,tiNha
TrangckhchsnNhaTrangtrn300phngvtiBanMThutckhchsnHngGiangdodnbiutaychnNguynVnBnhqunl...ng
CntomirtnhiunhcaHuvNng,nhiutrungAnCu,AnHavvnglngtmdoTnhtrngHThcLuyn,thnggiaTrn
Duynvnhiutaychnngtn.TiSiGn,ngCnchngknghbngvilnnhtnclVinaxicogiaochoDnbiutaysailLmT
Bngiukhin,ngCncnhbochthucTydcngCchMngdoQucThunqunl,vtingHaiBTrng,ngCncmtta
Building6tnglulmvnphnggiaodchthngmichomconMLuynngtn.Cncncmtihithuynvnhiuninnhkgi
Warnernintrongtcphm"TheLastConfucian"lmchongTrnVnKhimemrutbNhuphiiutra.
ngCncngbunthucphinluvvngltLovminTrung,chuynvnbngxechytrnngqucls9.
286/611
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LcutikhngbitngCnbunluthucphinvvngltLovchonkhingTrnVnHng(hinCalifornia)mtbnthncati
anggichcthamvTaisVitNamtiVnTng(Lo)vSiGncngtc,tmgptithanphinvtcphongvklutcaTrungt
NguynQuangThng(mtCnggioCnLao)tyvinqunscaTais.ChmtthngsauThngmtchc,btrvquni,bnngp
tiphntrn.CuicngThngththtchvanhtacchuynchttvngluvthucphintLovSiGnmbngNgnhCnganhtc
rilmplcviTaisVitNamtiLovBQucphngctchcThng.Nhvtranhnny,tibitcngdyvhthngbun
luvngvthucphincangNgnhCntVientiane,Attopeu,Scheponev.v...vminTrung.
TiemvicnytrnhTngthngDim,ngtrli:"!xemli",nhngricngnhbaonhiuvthamnhngkhccangNgnhCnc
theothigianmtrii,hachngnchchtchathmcmthvkhinhbtronglngngidnminNammthi.
unm1963,trckhixyrabincPhtgio,iyTrnThch,chnhsAnNinhQuniHu,btcmtchicxePeugoet404dohaib
strVitNamlitchnoHiVnchyvhngNng,trnxechydcphm,cbitlthuctrsinh.Ctvnhaibsthcbit
xethuclca"ngCu"vcabcsLKhcQuyn(giosYKhoaiHcHuvalbcsringcaCthnmungDim)nhchn
chomttnhntiNngmAnNinhQunitnhnghilchuynlnmtkhuchoVitCng.TicngemnivtrnhlnchongDim,
lnnyngDimralnhiutranhngribincPhtgioxyra,cuciutrabbd.
ivingNgnhCnvbhcangtathtthngvngnhcm,btkthgclilhxenvo,dnhlylmtin.Cngvthm
itmQuangYu,mtsquanngiBc,canmcngkhaingvohngngPhttHuutranhnm1965chnglidngCn
LaodithiThiuK.NguyndithicangCn,ThiutmQuangYuchhuymtTrungonBBinhhotngtiQungNgi,nhnv
thythnhphnCnLaoaphngqulnghnhtrongvicpbucdnqumuarb,rilyxequnilivNngbn,ngYubn
quytlitcntrviclmthtnhntmcachng.ChngnhngbnCnLaoaphngkhngbtrngtr(vvinTnhtrngQungNgil
ngicangNgnhCn)mThiutYucnbtcolphnngvphricngcuctrancachnhquynaphng.ngYubAnNinh
QuniHu,ThiutSung,(mtcnbCnLao)btgiamemraTanQuns.Vny,nutikhngsngsutthcucibinhnghipdy
cngchinuchngCngtiBcVittrckiacamQuangYutanntvthnmngcangYucnphivngvovnglaol.Ti
bucThiutSungchuynnivvoSiGnchotixtxvchthnralnhtrtdochoThiutmQuangYu(titinrngThiutng
HongVnLcvnhiubnbthntncaYuhinngoiquccnnhrvny).
Lcmicmquyn,ngCncnbngvvnmanguccamtnhphhminqunnchlotchtrbcgiy500ng.Nhndpsalingi
nhnhtinitrongmtmctrc,ngCnbnchoxytrongphngngcangCn(cnhphngmLuyn)mtcihmchabc.Hmc
kchthcbngbmtcigingcangCnnmnghal1m60v2mt,vbsuquungi,munxunghmphidngthang.Gim
cBoanTrungphnlcbygilitNguynVinhkchotingherngclnibiuTrungVitHcKhng,TnhtrngHThcLuyn
vcngVinhcCnhuyngvophngringmbcvctthnhtngb.TihingVinhtisaongCnlibtnhnvincaocpn
mbcnhvythngVinhchobitvngCntinrngnhngngicchcquynkhimbckhngncp,khngthudu.
DndnngCntravnminhhn,vligiybcqunhiunnhmtuyrngmvnchakhng,nnngCnbnmuavng,htxon,kim
cng,lalutrvbtucnimchuyntinrancngoiphngxa.TheohikcatngTrnVnnchobit,ngCngi
crangoiquc7triulavonm1961.Vothng10nm1963,hnhnhngCncmthyctnhhnhcthnguyngpchoch
vchogianhnnngCnchochuynvonhthdngChaCuthHu14thngvng(thngnquni),ringngCnthchgilimt
hphtxon,kimcngbnmnh.Trangy1111963,khitingsngCchmngbtuntiSiGn,tngCaoTr,lcbygilTlnh
QunonIvlthuchthntncaTngthngDim,bnralnhchoitNguynVnM(tiukhutrngThaThin)vThiutngHin
(ChnhvnphngcaTr)emmtTrunginbtrquanhdinhthcaCn,sngcharangoi"bovanninhchongCvn".Nhngsng
mnghai,khinghetinngDimuhngvxinhingtnglnhxutngoi,trungibovanninhchongCnliclnhquay
287/611
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mnghai,khinghetinngDimuhngvxinhingtnglnhxutngoi,trungibovanninhchongCnliclnhquay
sngvodinhthcangCn.SauvltchDim,tivqubnbcngvicchngheklirnghphtxon,kimcngcangCnc
ymtmstnhbinh,vttclqugitrongdinhcangCnuvtaytngTr.TngCaoTrcnglylic7thngvng
trongs14thngsaumyngythnglnggaygoviccbtrnDngChaCuTh.
TronghthngthamnhngbcltcangNgnhCnvbh,ngoivicccTnhtrng,Quntrng,TrngtyCnganpbctchthuv
muarnhnghinvtqugi,xaccalngdndotinnhncahli,thclvicbtb,giamcmtrakhonhngnhgiutiHuv
Nnglnhnghnhngtnc,vnhnonht.
TiHu,ngCnchobtmtsnhgiurignchohtilm"ginipchoPhp"ngCnlmtin.Trongsnhngnhgiuhinti
M,ccVVnQuhinGlendale,vcBuBangLosAngelestnglnnnhnnaucangCn.Minnnhnthngbgiamcm,
tratnngn3nmtri,phichumthttisnrimictrtdo.ngNguynVnYn,chnhhngMorin,mtnhhngvkhchsnln
nhtcHumngmualicangiPhp,bbtvtratngnchtchonkhingYndnghttisnvbvphingymnvanvi
lylcngCn,ngYnmictrtdo.Nhngchmythngsaukhicvnh,khngchuninhngbinchngcavtthngtrongkhib
trakho,ngYnbthhuytmchtdlcbygingtavnchan40tui.ngNguyncPhng,mtnhthugiucnhtnhmin
Trung,cngbbtbvtrakhoncht,vvchngngnitingcngu,khngchudngtisnchongCn.Khingchtri,cngankhng
nhnglmkhdvictngtngtheonghithcPhtgiomcnlpbinbnborngngNguyncPhngnhylutt(!!).Saungych
Dimblt,bPhnganivratanSiGnmongcnglcchmngcimmioankhinchochngvtcoticanhem
nhNg.Taxbthngkin,nhngdthngkinthnhngkthuakinnhNgnhCn,PhanQuangng,...ntiviqucdnng
borinnbPhngchcnbitngcngTavtrcshindincangoboch,khclcvnguynranhNgmongthac
vonglinhngichngchtauthngvnnthamnhngcach"nhnvNgtriu".
KhngringtiHumtiNng,haianhemTrngCngHuynhsaukhimthttisnmicthrav,nhngdcthvthming
cangTrngCngCngcngbmtchaihmrng,miditrhnxungvmthbkolchquamtbn,lmchomtconmtcngb
lchxungtrngrttinghip.ngTrngCngCngchaingicontraihinangtihingoilanhTrngCngn,cusquanquni,
hinangtiHouston,HoaK,vanhTrngCngTr,iduhccttrc1975.Cnnhiunnnhnkhcnav"vnginipmin
Trung"mtikhngkray.
VnmccnnnhnlcQu,cBuBang,ngNguynVnYn,ngNguyncPhng,anhemTrngCngHuynh,cgil"Vn
ginipminTrung"mbygimilnnhclilngidnhaitnhThaThinvQungNamukhngkhinghinrngcaumy.
Vn"ginipminTrung"tngtheothigianchnvivoqunlng,khngngvonm1963,khiTngGimmcNgnhThchon
chuynraHu,vnlicsoisngtrli.Ticrngnckhidyqutrnnchnhmtmvangrinsaungycchmng1111963
micbPhngvbochvitvolchs.unm1963,nhngnnnhncavn,nhndpanhemNgnhCnvNgnhThcang
muthunnhauvtranhlinnhlidngthyucangCntrcuyquyncangThc,vlidngngThccngltaythamlamv,bn
khilinioanctnglmtanntgianhhvnhmtlinhmctnK(vnlcngsvinthntncangThc)vnngvingThcnh
giioan.ngNgnhThctctcralnhchoiyTrnThch,chnhsAnninhQunitiHuthlniv.Vlvntnh,Thchbnbay
voSiGnxinchthcati.
SaukhingheThchtrnhbytonbchititcaniv,tibnvogpngDimvihyvnglnnycthdngmtvinnbnbaconchim:va
ltmtnngNgnhCn,vacngkhaihamuthungiangThcvngCn,vquantrngnhtlchngminhchongDimthmmt
lnnavnhngtoandoanhemcanggyrachodnchng.TivodinhGiaLongtrnhvingDimviccCharalnhiutravn
"ginipminTrung"mkhngcpntncangNgnhCn.ngDimvangheclnhcacChavini:"Philmchoral".Tic
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"ginipminTrung"mkhngcpntncangNgnhCn.ngDimvangheclnhcacChavini:"Philmchoral".Tic
thaycinhcatimungychopheThcvpheCntranhchpmuthunnhauchainuthmingysaungDimboti:"Thi
viccri,hyxpi"mkhngcmtligiithch.TionngNgnhCnnnnvngDimchuxpbvn,nnchcnbittun
lnhngDimnhinraHuchoThch.CngldithinhNgkhngthvtquacnhngtranhchpquynlicaanhemnhNg.
(Ticthaytrongcun"LmthnogitmtTngthng"nhtrthcThinChagioCaoThDungvitngclittcsthtxyrali
cncchnhcbNguyncPhng).
Sauvn"GinipminTrung".vonm1958,tponNgnhCnlibyravn"Cngsnnmvng".ngCnvbhcngchobtmt
snhgiuvcngdngphngphpvukhng,khngb,giamcmtratnlmtin.CcnhthulncaminTrungnhccngTnTht
Cn,haianhemngLTrnhvLHnhulnnnhncangNgnhCn.SdlcbygingNgnhCnchobtnhiunhthuln
khngphichthunlmtinm,thonhn,cnlmgimthiuconsnhthucthcnhtranhcviTTnDng,nhthuring
caCnDngccquynuthunhngdchvxyctlnnhlmngx,xykhon,xycctrungtmhunluyn,ccphitrng
choqunivcccsM.
ngTnThtCn,(ngCnnykhcvingCnemrutngTnThtToi)nhkinhnghimvn"ginipminTrung"linhctngLVn
Nghimbomnnchbbtmyngyricvconloltchocngannnctrtdo.SaukhirakhinhgiamcnganThaThin,ngTn
ThtCnvivtbnichnnhauctrnditonbgianhvSiGn(ngHunhThcKhng),mhngxutnhpcngvtiptclm
nghthukhon.CnhaingLTrnhvLHnh(ngHnhhinSacramento,Californiavigianh)nghmnhkhngtitnhgnnlra,khng
chuloltnnbngNgnhCngiamsutbanmtritinhgiamMangC.CngnhnhiunnnhncangCnrakhichnlaot,ngL
HnhbitrngcnHulvncntrongbntaystcalnhchaminTrung,bn"cngthit"voSiGntrng.
Ngoinhngnnnhntrny,ngNgnhCnvbhlPhanQuangngcnbtgiam,tratn,sthi67thnggia,thukhonlmtin.
CngvvymngCnvngbTancchmngxthnh.RttickhiCnggioCnLaochtrchtnglnhvcichtcangNgnh
Cn,hkhngcpnsvicngNgnhCnsthinhngnhthuvnhngnnnhncangCntiminTrung.(Xinxemthm
phngnhBnnthnhngNgnhCntrongphnphlc).
VonhngnmutrongcucsngluvongtiM,tithngichaSacramentonnthnhthongcgpngbLHnhvcng
chobitgianhthotcrancngoikhispmtnc(1975),cnanhcanglngLTrnhktlinnvncnbVitCnggiamcm.
Nhnnlichuynqukh,ngcnchobittronglcbgiamtiMangC,ngnmcngphngviThiutLnhthucngVitQuc,vcho
nkhingctrtdo,Thiutnhvncntronglao,khngbitsngchtnhthno.NgoirangcngchobitmtvcangCncn
btcmtthanhnintnlNguynnggiivolaoMangCgiamchungving.Nhngtms,ngLHnhbitcngvnltay
chncanhNgcngNhuralnhthtiuTnhtrngBnhnhNguynTnQu,mtngchcatimtikrtrongmtchong
trc.Mthm,mtvvolaobtngaivkhngthyngtrvna.Phichngngbemithtiubtmingmtnhnchng
quan trng v v phn bi st hi ng NguynTn Qu nm 1954. ng L Hnh vn l nh thu khon ln, c hc, li tng tri vic i, v ngh
nghipngphigiaothipvihngngitththuyn,laong,cngnhnnnhnvinchnhquyn,cccslmn,ccqunnhnmi
cp.ngliphiirtnhiuninnthulmcnhiutintcvnghengngnhiulungdlunkhcnhau.Trongcuchuynmoviti,
ngaramtnhnnhvqukh:"NukhngccucltchNgnhDimcuinm1963thvonm1964,mtsngnong
dy,nhngngiqucgiasthycCngsntungbaykhpminNamri".LinhnnhcangLHnhtiThaThinkhngkhcglinhn
nhcaccngLNguynLongtiNamNgi,vngTrngGiangtiPhYn(xemPhlcvphntrchdnnhkmtheoschny)chothy
rngminNamVitNamnnm1963chbVitCngthaotngvcycvotngcrcccsVitNamCngHari,tronglcth
tongiaNgnhvnctiptcungdungbcltthamnhng.
Vitisnkchssaubaonmvvtcangidnhinlnhcth,ngCnbtuthchingicmnhungla.Thtvy,vnmangbntnh
289/611
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Vitisnkchssaubaonmvvtcangidnhinlnhcth,ngCnbtuthchingicmnhungla.Thtvy,vnmangbntnh
qukchcamtvinchnhtngthihPhp,sutthithuvtrungninchquanhquntrongnginhcknhkhnghtrctipcstvi
xhibnngoi,naynhthlcvuyquyncaccnganhmcquynstphtnhmtlnhcha,tinbctunvonhnhncphsa,ng
NgnhCnbnthchincucsngVng.Micmquyn,ngCnvixynginhmtthtkiucchticaThunAnhngtunng
cngnhiungipnduh.Vonhngnmchtcach,ngCnchoxylngvxykhuAnDngtiChulniphongcnhhu
tnhcatCnmvphaTythnhphHu,bnkiadcNamGiao,gndngtuThinncaThinChagio.Vngtrnghnmychc
munybngCncngchimnguynthucshucamtngiminNamlyvHuvthchnghsnbn,saungCntchthulunc
nincangtavbtTiuonCngbinhHuxydnglngtmchomnh.
TheohikcasquantyvinTh,TngthngDimcnthmlngtmvkhuAnDngnycangCn.Thycngtrnhxyctqu
stnkmnctrmtriubcmvnchahonthnh,ngDimcvbcmnhvtrchngCn:"Lmchngcri,ssithi,khitiht
lmTngthngstnhtonna.Chxycttolndndingh.Quningymlolngnon".NhngngCnvinilyngay:"Ccanhsng
quchotihngtxu,lcMkhngcntrniny,tikhngcnchinamlo".ThyngCnemmralmbavtvgin,Tngthng
DimimlngnhncutCnnhphmcchemmunlmgthlm..."23.
Khnni,ccbcQunVngitrcnhncichtbngimtcanhhintrittheothuyt"snggithcv",coiphquvinhhoachlmng
o,coidanhvnguyquynchlphdu,chbitlochohnhphccabtnhmundnmmnhchumnhTrichndt.Chonnkhimilnngi
ltheotptc"tcvtrquan"vnghcichtquantrnghncngaivnginngc.CnngNgnhCnlinoigngloibotnKitTrxy
nhmtcaThunAn,khuAnDngvngChulmuntidincnhBLcimbiuhinrrngnhtlcungCntrliving
Dim"ccanhsnglmri"ththynhngngianhemtrongdnghNgnhgiusangvquynuynmcno!Vcngqualitrch
"chotihngtxu",talicngthyrhncctmaghenght,soo,hamquynhamlicangNgnhCn,vbochaminTrungcti
thamkhngbaogiy.
DithinhCngha,nhvniyPhanNhtNamkhihnhquntrongvngnirnglngtmHu,nhniquavnhnthylngngNg
nhCn,anhnnglimamai:
"Nhngngycuithng9nglngNgnhCn,thtlmtthamvngtinghipcamttrcnonyu,ngtabtchcnhngcivica
lngtmvuachanhNguyn,xyphnmmnhtheokchthccanhvua.Nhngsbtchcnghonn,kintrccxybngnhngvt
liutnthi,licvmunxacknh,shahpkhngc,trnntnmn,vnvt,quma,knhcmnhmtlonngphudinuphc"24.
CllcPhanNhtNamdngqunnilngngNgnhCnthnhngvtliuqugitrangtrchongilngcangCnbtutnhtri,v
theonhiunhnchng,trongcitPhngNgcTrng(hinPhp)kli,thngoinhngkintrcnhaosen,hbnnguyt,consuinhn
torcrchchyquanhlng,caTamQuantrcng,hngisngiaithng...nhngcngtrnhdoCngbinhkintotimchocnhtrca
ngilngthmmlthcncnhngkhtcaccnhchanhchingtrng,btbu,honhphi,hngnsnsonthpvngctaychn
cangCndnghintimlngtmmnhthmtrngltnnghim,chongvicungcchlngtmcaccbcvngthitrc.Theo
itTrngthtingilngcangCnccitrngnh,cichungchabknhhnhaithc,caohncungi,thtlnhngbovtth
cnghimhoicadntcVitbaoili.Nhngclkhthingsngni,anhlinhtrit,thnhthnkhngchokbotnhngthchonn
cngcuckintrclngtmchaxongthngNgnhCnphintixbn.SaungyltchDim,dnchngHuvThaThinl
ltvChuxemlngcangCnthytnmtchngtchcanhngtickhngbaogiqun.Tuynhin,saukhiNgTriusp,nhm
"CnLaoCnggio"vitsch,ngbotuyntruynrngbNhu,ngCnchngctitnhg,chngquadlun"ctxtranhiu"vuoancho
nhngngi"ccngvitnc".HkhngbitrnganhemnhNglnhngk"btcnnhntnh"tnbovittcmingi,kcnhngtay
chnthntn,minlhcli,nhtrnghpsauy.
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10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chnthntn,minlhcli,nhtrnghpsauy.
itPhngNgcTrngcngnhitLKhng,thiPhpthuctheohclphsquanHudotilmhunluynvin.Nm19481949,ti
giithiuhaivnyvingNgnhCnttheonghngDim.Khngvnnginiphnhanhnhulictinnhbnnnm1955,
canhemngDimclmTnhtrngQungNamvinhimvtiuditchinkhucaVitnamQucDnng,saucavSiGn
gichcTngGimcBoAn.TronglcthngPhngNgcTrng,thucmtgianhgiagio,ocvquyttmtheongDimvittc
tmlngthnh,vicnguynngDimtrthnhmtnhcuquc.ThingDimthtthcnsngM,ngTrngnggprtnhiutin
bcgipanhemngDimhotngchnhtr.KhingDimvnccmquyn,mtngiemtraicangTrngliyPhngNgcBangc
gingayvoSiGnlmsquantyvin,mtngianhkhccangTrnglmtthngsctrongtiuiphcvchodinhPhCam,cn
ngTrngcgiaochochcGimcQunNhuQunKhuI.CbaanhemuphmtChavittctmlnghysinhtnty.ThmngNg
nhCnchvlngthamkhngychomtvtibaovynhngPhngNgcTrngngHngB(Hu),cpcangTrngbtrngk
xachmtrcnxcqugivmycichuxa,chcmngTrngdnhdmtinmuasmlmcagiabo.Cngnhthkhng,
hiccanhPhngNgcTrng,VNhNguyn?Btcnnhntnhnthlcng!
HthngvkhuvclmtincangCnkhngphichgiihnminTrungmcnvndivoSiGn,khuynhlottnnhngcquanu
nocaquni.Vitrnghpinhnhmtixinkrasauynilncimnglithamnhngghgm:
Cuchuynthnht:Vokhongnm1959,mthmtiixemchiubngrpMajestic(gcngTDovBchng)thtnhcgpDnbiu
LTrngQut,mtthuchthntncangNgnhCn,ngQut(hinPhp)ngnchotirini:"ngCvnminTrungbotinnh
thmitnhdngquynAnNinhchnngvuthuphitrngNngcaTnThtCn".Tirtbngvhibcmnhvthis
sngcangQutnhngvnbnhtnhtrli:"Tisnsng,nhngxinngDnbiuniviCugichotimttmthipthtisgipCungay".
Thtra,ticngnichocchuynchbittrcrngngNgnhCndigvitgiybttchlichoti.
Khngngmthm,nghaigirichiu,tianglmvictrongvnphngNhathchunginthoi(thinthoicbitchnilingia
nhngnhnvtquantrngviTngthng)reovang.TikhngbitcgquantrngmTngthnggiinvoginy.Vanhcinthoiln
thukiatingngDimquttho:"AnhntincathngCngSnTnThtCnphikhng?"TibngkhngbitthngcngsnnolTn
ThtCnvvsaomngDimlikhintrchmnhntin,bnthali:"Bmc,TnThtCnno?".ngDimnilin""ThngTnThtCn
anguthusnbayNngdoMvintr".TibnnhphntrnthngDimlibo:"Anhquayngay",ricpmy.Lcbygitiminh
livDnbiuLTrngQutcanthipcchygnvitun,bnginhnvinahsnhthuTnThtCnlnnghincutrckhivoyt
kinTngthng.ThrakhngphingTnThtCnchtimn"TablesdesMandarins",trcParis,tnglnnhncangNgnhDim,m
bygiangsngcucibtcdchvsvongnbinghacanhNg,mlilmtTnThtCnkhcngHunhThcKhng,Si
Gn.
TivoDinhthymtngDimcnhmhm.Tngygpnglnuvonm1942nnaymychcnmri,yllnutinngtthi
gindivitinhvy.Thngthmikhivovnphng,ngchghchotingingay,nhnghmnaynglmthinhnntiphingtrnh
bycngvic.TivagitaychoxongthngDimlplicunitronginthoi:"TisaoanhlichotnVitCngTnThtCnuthusn
bayNng,anhntincancphikhng?".TibnlthsrachtngtiliuchongxemngayllchcangTnThtCn.Hsllchghi
rngngTnThtCnintruynnchongiVitHunm19541955mgitrchlB2.Tibnni:"ThaC,TnThtCnkhngc
chngtchglCngSnc,mchbtnhnghiliVit.Hnna,trckhiythucphitrngNngdoMvintr,thcngthuc
vicxyctVbLt200triuri.Nayyhonthnhcngtcphitrngvigi360triu,chcnli40triutinngcng,hngrovmts
nhtnphthuc...Khnglhscay"trng"nhthmtilibcbhaysao.ThaC,tichxthsvmtanninhmthichcicha
hbitnhthuTnThtCnlai".Tinin,mtngDimttbt,ngdangirasaucvthoimirini:"Nhnganhnngip
chongCu,choonthhctinhotng".Tilinthali:"BmClbnphncatinhngtrangCucngphichotibitkhi
291/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chongCu,choonthhctinhotng".Tilinthali:"BmClbnphncatinhngtrangCucngphichotibitkhi
noCumung,chcnCubinchotimychlxongchckhkhngu".
RakhiDinhcLp,tiviquaBQucphnggpBtrngTrnTrungDungphntrnhuchnngtrctrnghpngNgnhCnc
thxuyntctrongtnglai.ngTrnTrungDungkhentiribo:"itcngaythngnhthmlm,cvicgticho".
Sauny,khivhu,ticngqundnnhngchuyncnhchuynuthucangTnThtCn,hachngnhiumnmsuytngheting
chtlicanhngconthnlnrinhnThc,Nhu,CnmthngchoskipThchSng...,chtrinhngcnticcannsutmtrng
canhvngmvncnkhckhoikuthan.Minmsau,cuchuynoankhincangTnThtCntngnhivodvngkhngngc
khingtrlilmmlngtitrongmtkhungcnhhuyhongnhcuchuynLiuTrai.
Vokhongnm1970,mthmtinhnctmthipcaHingNguynPhctcdoBcsBuDu(ChtchHing)gimithamdlk
cThtCaohongnhNguyntiGianh,vsaudluncmchiu.yllnutinticHingHongTcminncmthyng
ngng,dtrckiathilmThamMutrngVitBinhonHu,ticngcdpvocungDinThdticdocTkhoniv,cngtrong
mtvidp,chngkinnhngnghilcngkccbcTinvngniThMiu,ngyQuctrngBoimivncchpchnhnm1949.Do
,mikhiTtnxunv,vnvbquannictvThHintrxunguccTchomivoCmThnhBthitimtbacm
thnmtuXun,gilchtnmamccabmQuctrngbanchonhngngiangphcvdichcaconb.Nhngtivncho
hnhngcabTCunglthnglxgiaohnhthc.Cnnaykhchn,naytichlmtngilnhgivhu,tntuitheothigianmlu
mtrcmtxhiangsingvcnhthnhntranhginhdanhli.Thmvitcch,tilicNguynPhctcmithamdlcng
ngTinvngkhaisinhtriuinhNguynthngnhtsnh,ththnphixutphttmtthichntnhhnlxgiao.Nghthnnti
quytnhidlkhynhtvuaGiaLong.
TrsNguynPhctclmtbitthvcnglngly,nhngangludc,vnrngsnto,ccycth,choabnma,caosenhc,trong
nhchngbytonxacaqu.TithyngoirtngbconHongtccncnhiuvquanlicvnhiunhnvttntui.CBuDu,Ch
tchHingNguynPhctcdntingiithiuvicTangngitrnmtchiccmn,chungquanhcccbogmkhnvngmt
thilnhngmnhphphunhnchuhu.cTnglicmntivbibotrntcLpmtivitnhncichtcangHChMinh
lmsngtcngnghipcaCuHongBoinglnthngthuytviPhp,ginhchongiQucgiacithnghpphpvvngt
dachnchinuchngCngSn.
Saubuiltheonghithcctruyndntc,chngticmirasndtic.Tingicngbnvivivithnc,vingVnhTh,cuis
VitNamtiNht,vvitngTnThtnh...ThtlmtknimllngkhquntrongitivtrongngyllnnycadnghNguynKim,
NguynHong,dnghccngmmangbcincVitNamntnChuc,HTin,hnhnhquankhchtonlngiHongPhi,ton
lHng,ng,Bu,Vnh,TnThtmchcmtmnhtihkhngthucHongphi,lilconmtvnhosinhbtphngthicavngsng
LinhniHonhngchuancmn.
Trckhibaticbtu,mtnhnvtmtichahquenbitncmtaytikoigiithiuvinhiungi:"ylThiutngMu,ngi
ccngltchctiNgnhDimvlnnhncaringti".ThrangilngTnThtCn,nhthukhontingtmcngi
bitthlnglytiymNguynPhctcangmntmlmtrstiSiGn,saukhitnmiuniCvbincMuThnmhngtn
khilnh.VbtngkhngnhchuyncnntihingCnvsaogitil"nnhn"thcnggiithch:"Cngtyuthucatigmc
ccngBtrngTrnTrungDung,linhmcCaoVnLun,ThiutngLVnNghim,bCngtycaNgnhCn,TTnDng,LTrngQut
ganhghtphhoivnhlmhicnhntichotistnghip,khngngThiutngvtnncuchngtithotnn".Tihithmtisao
ngtabitrticuthngCnchobitngTrnTrungDungnili.Titnghmnh"thinbtcubo",caingmtchtntnh,dl
mthnhxtnhin,nhiukhicngcthlmthaybcingimtingihaycthgyonithayths.
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
mthnhxtnhin,nhiukhicngcthlmthaybcingimtingihaycthgyonithayths.
TsaubancmtinhngTnThtCntiGianh,hngnm,cnngyhynhtcThtCaoHongnhNguyn,tilictip
tcmithamd.Nhngtnm1972,nhngcuchihpcaNguynPhctccchuynvngibitthmttngcabTCungting
CngLSiGn,nginhbngDimtchthuvcngThiutrli.cTlyngibitthlmtrsthngtrctiSiGnchoHi
ngnhNguyn.Nhngcngtnm,saucuccngtTinVng,cuchihpnungbinthnhcuchihpchnhtrcsthamdrt
ngcachnhgii,nhnsSiGn.Nm1972,ticnnhcdpngignthibNamTrnTunKhicnghecnichuynvnth,vvi
NghsPhmNamSchticdpkhennginhtrthctrtuidmcngkhailnntngCaoVnVinthamnhngtinghtrngDinHng
khingcnlmnghs.
Cuchuynthhai:DichDim,tivngASao,ALi(HngHa,QungTr)gipvibingiiLo,cmtcncqunsdohaitiuon
BBinhtrngi.Mthm,tonthqunnhntsquannbinhscachaitiuonubitiuchybangymlin.TngTrnVnn,
lcbygilTlnhQunonI,bnchomcuciutrathbitcbinhsbtrngcvthcphm.ngbnlpmtHingQunykhm
nghimvphnchthptiptchohaitiuon.LcbygichachpcaMmchchpcaBQucphnguthutipt
chonhngnvngnhngnixaxiholnh.
SaukhinhncbinbncaHingQunY,titctcnNhaHnhNgnKBQucPhnggpngTngGimcNguynnhCnv
trnhbychongtabittnhtrnghpbnhimc,vchongbittisbttnBaTuPhLmAnh,chthucungcphpiutra.
NhngngCnkhuyntikhngnnbtPhLmAnhvylmkinhtichoPhongtrovngCnLao.TivnnhgithpngNguynnhCn
vnm1954,khicnlmvictiTahnhchnhtnhQungTr,ngtakhngdmktnvobnkinnghlnQuctrngBoithnh
nguynNgicngNgnhDimlmThtng.ThmkhingDimcquynhnhri,chnhcithCnggiovtib,ngtalic
nhNgtrngdngnhmtbccngthn.Hnna,thicnlmTnhtrngtnhNinhThun,ngNguynnhCncnhiuhnhngtham
nhngvkthtngio,lmchonhndnNinhThunhtsccmth.Vth,khinghengtaa"Phongtro"va"CnLao"rada,tilinni:
"Phongtrophongtr,CnLaocnlgticngcchobttnPhLmAnh".VnbittnhticngrnvtngcngkhaichnglingNgnh
CnnnngtabnembNhura"rungcynhtkh":"itkhngnnngtiPhLmAnhvychuchobCvn7triungbchi
tiuchoPhongtroLiniPhn,doyccungcphptrongbanm".NghentnbNhu,tilicngmunniin:"BNhubNh
gticngkhngthaPhLmAnhvtngianthngphmtilmchobinhsnitintuynbaumltibt".ngNguynnhCncvtc
bcnhngkhngdmnigthm.
Rav,tinghthmrngvnyclkhngphicabNhuvbCvnthphi"n"nhngmingvatovabo.Tionvthamnhngnyl
cangNgnhThchaycangNgnhCn,nhngkmbtkmingmilnnhnocngn.Nhngdcaaithticngvnphilm
bnphn.TrckhitrnhbysviclnTngthng,tichonhnvinvoChLnchphnhcslmhpcaPhLmAnh,nhcpmtt
hptichvphncht,vbmtdhimtvicngnhniutravthtcmuacthtvphngphpnghp.Saukhicbngcvi
phmri,tiralnhchobtPhLmAnhthtngianthngnytrnmt.TinBQucPhngchongCnbitts.Vimtthicao
ngo,ngtatrli:"itclmgthcngchnginu,PhLmAnhiHngKngri...".
Chonginyticngkhngbitailthphmchnhcavhpbnhimc.TngphmthchcchnctnPhLmAnhvNguynnh
Cnri,nhngchnhphmthkhngbitngCnhayngThchaybNhu,mcdcmtsbnboanquytngNguynnhCnlthphm
nhngdaithcngquanhquntrongdnghvbhNgnhmthi.Ngnhbnnihaybnngoi,bnbconhaybnthnggia,trong
"phongtro"haytrong"ng"caCu,caChahaycaBthcngchvmunnchnmtstinmkhngthmmxagnsinhmnggn
haingnqunnhnangngnioheohtgibovqucgia!
Cuchuynthba:Nm1954,khingDimmivnc,ngLVnSmvnlemrbcsLKhcQuynvangmangcpbciy,chhuy
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Cuchuynthba:Nm1954,khingDimmivnc,ngLVnSmvnlemrbcsLKhcQuynvangmangcpbciy,chhuy
ngnhQunCtiminTrung.AnhemngDim,vcbitlngNgnhCn,"thi"Smlnthtmau,thnglnitvchovoSiGngi
chcGimcngnhQuncTrungngcaquniVitNamCnghavokhongnm19571958.
Cngvokhongthigian,BtrngQucphngTrnTrungDungthitlpmtnhmyquymlmnsngtrngvluntiCtLi,nn
ralnhchoSmiNhtBnmua12cimyvdngc,gitintrnmttrmtriung.Nhngthitksaumynmrimnhmychngsn
xutcg,bnbocotnhtrngchobitmymcthngbh,ccilihontonkhngsdngcna.Lcbygi,tngPhmXun
Chiu(hinM)lThamMutrngquni,bngingSmnvnphngchtvn.VlthuchnhNg,ngSmtrakhinhthng
tngChiu.TngChiubnralnhchotimcuciutra.ThrangSmvhngsnxutmylmntiNhtBnthngngvinhau
salimtsmymcphthicaquniNhtbnlichoquniVitNamCngha,nhngtrnhanthvnghilmymi.Stin
gianlnkhcbithnphihtsctoln.VhnhngphmphpcangLVnSm,ticniutraiutrathmclngSmthng
ngvingNgnhCnbnchoccncngNam25.000khusngccaPhplivslnstthpvnchianhau.TngChiu
manghslndinhcLptrnhbychoTngthngDim,xinemitSmraTavtithamnhng.
NhngktqulngSmchbthuynchuynrakhiNhaQuncmkhngbmthnhphtchtihocmtbnnnoc.Trongkhithv
muntrngtrngLVnSmtrongschhaquni,tngChiubgimphatmtcngthntrthnhmtkthcangDim.
NgyngDimvnc,ngChiumanglonTrungt,gichcThamMutrngQunKhuI(githeodanhtc)diquynitTrnVnMinh,
TlnhQunKhu.ngMinhlngiThinChagiominNam,mangPhptch,vnlbnthnvitngNguynVnHinhvcucthn
Php.ThingDimvtngHinhchnginhau,ngTrnVnMinhtuybngoigithitrunglpnhngbtrongvnkhngccmtnhvi
ngDim,tronglcthngPhmXunChiuliramtnghngDim.ChnhnhavThamMutrngQunKhuImngChiugip
tngDngVnMinhiungqunitncngdptanqunBnhXuynsauny.Lcbygi,vanhemngDimmicmquyncntbth
ch,libngtrongviclnhoqucgia,vnhtlllngtrctchcquninnkhicnhngngithnhtmnghnhngPhm
XunChiuthanhemngDimqumnlm,doxemngChiunhmtkhaiquccngthn.Thng12nm1956,ngDimkhngngn
ngicngChiugichcTnggimcCngAnCnhStthaythtngNguynNgcL.Nhngrivqunivnlxngsngcach,
manhemngDimvngiMlimuncitqunigpchonnthng4nm1958,ngDimthngngChiulncpThiutng,cgi
chcTham Mu trng di quyn tng L VnT,Tng tham mu trng qun i. Vn c ting l mt s quan c tinh thn quc gia chn
chnh, ng Chiu khng nhng lim khit m cn c thnh tch cch mng, nn vic hin i ha v trong sch ha qun i tht l ng vi mi
trngcangta.Hngtun,ckhihngngy,ngChiugpngDimtrnhbycngvic,stintrintrongviccitquni,ngthi
bocotnhhnhchinsvdintincccuchnhqun.
LinhgiangDimvtngChiuangcimvthntnhnhththxyravthamnhngcaLVnSmmngChiunhtnhmunng
TngthngtrngtrSmlmgngchobinhs.Khngngktngy,hgpngChiulngDimcauc,khintrchngnchong
ChiulbtlcrictchcThammutrng,btngChiu"ngichixinc"vemtngNguynKhnh,ngimngChiucholtaygian
hngvthaythngta.ThyngDimbtcng,btminhbnhvcnginhthamnhngthintlibttitrongvicnguviCngSn,
tngChiuvcngsvinthntncangtalThiutonBiTrnthamdvocucochnhcaNhyDnm1960,vcngvicc
tnglnhnglnltchNgnhDimvouthng11nm1963.
NnthamnhngcangNgnhCnlmchobchdulbNhucngphinigin(dbcnglmttaythamnhngghgm)inch
chemcnxnhau.StranhchpgiabNhuvngCnckgiDenisWarnerklinhsau:
NhiungivntrungthnhvingDim,bygixalnhtbchcang,ngaycgiaanhemnhhNgnhcngcnhiubtngkin
vntrntrmtrng.Btbnhvbtaitingthamnhng,mngayngiemrutcablTrnVnKhimcngcngkchchsutmynmtri,
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vntrntrmtrng.Btbnhvbtaitingthamnhng,mngayngiemrutcablTrnVnKhimcngcngkchchsutmynmtri,
bNhunhKhimthaybmcuciutra.Haichembtuiutra"chCn",vlnhchacaitrminTrungvittcchnhschtnbo,ch
nhncmtithngthuynvnhiunin.DavonguntiliuthucvnnthamnhngcaCn,haichemrutliquayquaBTiChnh
iutra,bNhuralnhchomtvcaBphitmchoraithngthuyncaCn.LcubNhuchorngKhimxuyntcnhngngi
trongsch,nhngbNhucKhimtrli:"Chutrnhconnt",riachschobNhuxemvnitip:"Nnthamnhngcachnh
nkinvt".
NhngdbNhubithaykhngcnbitthbmtthamnhngchnhcachlilchngb,ngNgnhNhu25.
thamnhngmlicntncnachonntrongtpthTinhthntrophngtrongthicaxHucanhnsHongTrngThclicnccbi
thcamtnsnotngchongNgnhCndinhanVnhChungCp,lunimchohuthcoichung,mtixintrchliyhaicu:
MtkiptnhungHmXm,
Mundnghrncnny!26
ngNgnhCnbTanCchmngtuynnthnhngy22thng4nm1964.LnhchaminTrungntivinhndnnhngcicht
caCnvnvangmchonngynayvinhiulungdlunthuncnghchc.
DlunbnhvcthchorngTanCchMngbplccaPhtgio,hocvtngNguynKhnhmunthtiunhnchngvvbcvngm
KhnhtchthucaCn.LicdlunchtrchtnglnhochnhgithaingDimNhumlikhngchongNgnhCnsngst.
DlunsaulcanhmCnggioCnLaohaycathuchccanhNg.
Trili,ngidnminTrungvnhngnnnhncanhNg,cbitlnnnhntrctipcalnhchaNgnhCnvcanhnghungthn
PhanQuangng,DngVnHiuthchorngbnnthnhiviCn,ngcnqunh.Phicnhnghnhphttngxnghnivitic
tytricaCnvng.HbotisaoanhhngLQuangVinhbnhNgxt,thnxcbbmratngmnhriemichndukhngchov
connhnvantngmngCnthcchnctnghong.
CngicmhnngCnnkhiditnrancngoisaubincthngtnm1975cnctnhmangtheonhngtsaobnnthnhng
NgnhCnlulichoconchuchngtchnivthmhacachangphichudichcanhngkhungtn.Bnncghitnh
nhngnnnhncangCn,nhiutbohingoingti,nhTpchNgyNayKansashaynhTpchTiaSngs21,ngy25thng10
nm1987,phthnhtiHouston.
CnginhcVVnTrim(thnphcabcsVVnTnghinCalifornia)vitthchobnbdihnhthchikklticcang
NgnhCnvtaihamnggnhchumtcchoankhindithitrvcalnhcha.
CTrimnguynlGimcNhaTichnhTrungphnvonhngnmucachDim.VchnglilnhckhotcngqucangNg
nhCnnnbthihi.VnukhngcThtrngNguynVnngkpthixinngCnthamngchocthcbthtiuri.
SaukhingNgnhCnbbt,cbnvHughthm"Lngtm"cangCnvtrigiamChnHm.
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VlngtmcaCn,cTrimchobitdomtnvCngbinhxyctmynmrimvnchaxong.Nvcnghuyhongvsv"phong
cnhkhngthchcvchckhngucnhvy".CnvtrigiamChnHm,cTrimmtnhsau:
"...sniniNgBnh,gnNamGiao,nidyniitrc,qunPhpcochncihmdngdtrdngcvndcdngvovic
tpquns.CuCnchosachaChnHmnylithnhchgiamtnhn.
Ticnxemmttrongchncihmny.Tithychnicxymtcinhciciheophangoisnni.Cicinylmbnghaibc
thnhcaokhongbathc,phatrclmtbcthnhvcaravo,phatrnlsongsttobcngangqua.Cicirngkhongmtthcvdi
khongmtthcri,tsnirakhngcmilp.Ticngtrnsongstyngxungphatrongciciththyncmangdbn
lm.Khngththytronghmnnkhngbitrnghpbaonhiu.
HuainghenibgiamChnHmllmbnvitthn.
Khingtrncihm,tirngmnhvsutbbtgiamngy6thnggingnm1959nukhngnhngNguynVnng,Thtrng
Nng,lyciucangtamcamoanvingCnltikhngthnolmginipchoPhp,yucungCngchtntitrongdanhsch
nhngngiaCnganbt,nukhngthticngchucisphncaanhVCn,ChnhvnphngcangngQuyNhn,mngng
khngcucnnbtratnncht.("CngvTi",sd,tr.483487).
MHuuphichcmtnhgiamChnHm.ClngTyKimCchacmtchnommtthnhphchckhongmttrm
ngndnlicnsunht:LaoThaPh,trigiamCanhNngcaAnNinhQuni,trigiamMangC,trigiamTaKhm,nhtLongTh,
trigiamChnHm.iucnnithmlhaitrigiamLongThvChnHmlichnhtngiqucgia:ngviniVit,VitQuc,DuyDn,
haylsinhvin,Phtt.Bitbaonhiunnnhnchttronghaitrigiamny.
DibntaystcangNgnhCnkhngchc5,6chcnginhgiubbt,btratn,bsthighitrnbnnthnhmcnchngtrm
ngnngichtoannhChuBngLnh(tcnhvnMcThu)nitrongcun"CnLaoNhnVCchMngng".Trongbi"cHik
Mu"(TiaSngs16)cuThiutTrncVit(Houston)chobit"vonhngnm1955,1956,1957,v1958,QungNamkhngthngnol
khngcxcchttritrnsngTamK".
ngCnxydngsnghipgiativcngs(xemthmHik"VitNamNhnChng"caTrnVnntrang159,160)trnmuxng,
tangtccahngtriungbo.ClvthnnngaymtthuchthntncanhNgnichungvcaCnniringlcuTnhtrngTha
ThinNguynVnng,drtctrngdngvtnnhim,thmunm1961cngvimtsngimmuochnhnhtitlca
tngTrnVnn.("VitNamNhnChng",tr.165166).
Vinhngtictrikhngdung,ngikhngthanhthchonnngNgnhCnphichunthnh.Hunggqucgiagpthitaolon,lut
phpkcnglicngphihtscnghimminh.ngNguynKhnhlytincangNgnhCnmtcchphiphpthphihitingNguyn
Khnh.CnngNgnhCnmangtiviqucdnthphintiviqucdn.ngvucphephi,cmtnhringtmbnhvcchoci
chtcangNgnhCn.
o0o
AnhemngDimlidngquynhnhtrongtay,sdngnhngphngphpvlunvphiphplmgiuring,lmbnghoixhi,u
ctinhthnvthxcnhndn,ydnchytheoCngSnmchnhgiaanhemnhNglistphtnhauvginhgitquynhnh,vganht
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ctinhthnvthxcnhndn,ydnchytheoCngSnmchnhgiaanhemnhNglistphtnhauvginhgitquynhnh,vganht
lilc,chonnntinsFrancesFitzgeraldmilnnnngnnnthamnhngcaanhemngDimnhsau:
"ChngnhnglanhemngNhuCncanhchngngunlicanhau,thhnnhau,mnhngtaysaianhemhcngsthinhauvquhngsay
trungthnhvich"27.
Anhem,bconngDimthamnhng,thint,hhanhvy,cnngDimthnhthno?Sutchnnmlmnguynthqucgia,ngDim
khngbdlunlnnlthamnhng,nhngnhngngitaychnthntncangtanhngVVnHi,nhccsquantyvinvtichng
hn,ubitngDimtuykhngthamnhngnhnglictnhchedunngchobconanhemngtathamnhngnhThvcckgi
qucttrnhby.
chngminhvicngDimbtchplutlqucgia,btchplngdn,ctnhchedunngchobconanhemngta,tixintrchngvo
phnPhlc"BcthnggingHaHonh"(mttnCnggio,giosSa,trngVBLt)cangTrnNgcLngtrntpch
TiaSng,Houston,s22thng10nm1987.BcthchtrchTngthngDimdcngvit,lytinqucgiagipTngGimmcNgnhThc
xyctcccschoGiohiCnggiotiVnhLong.
SaungyltchNgnhDim,ngy2thng11nm1963,chutilThiutNguynBLin,TlnhLonThyqunLcchin,ngi
chhuytncngdinhGiaLongtrnhchotimtxpnhtctulinhnnhngnhnviniutracaLinHipQuctrongvPhtgiotrnbn
giycangNgnhNhu,mtcunhikcaNgnhLThytrongphngbNhu(mtitraolichoboSngcaChuTngti),vmt
cunsnhtkchitiutinbccangDimtrongphngngVVnHi.
QuacunNhtkchitiutinbccangDimdongVVnHinmgi,ticbitngDimcminm98triutinmtphchnhtr.Sosnh
mtphchnhtrcangNguynVnThiuvonm1974l450triungthstincangDim(1963)vnlnhnrtnhiu,mcdtnhhnh
chnhtrvchintranhthiThiunngnphctphnthiDim,vmcdgilachoncuithiDimchc100ngbcVitNamtronglc
thiThiugingn1.000ng.CunnhtkchothymithngngDimxutramttriungchongNgnhNhu,mingnngchocu
itPhpParislngMingant(mtbovincangDimtiPhp),nmngnngchomtngictnlPhanCngChnh,mtchinhu
ccangDimtrcnm1945mngVNhNguynbitr,mtstinlnkhcchomtlinhmcngiCanadachuynngnrancngoi
vnhngmnchitiultvtnhmuamyhnhphimnh,thucty,nhngmntinbiuxntrongcccucikinhl.cbittrongnhtkchitiu
nm1963,cstinnatriu,xutrachongTnThtThit,gimcsNidchPhTngthng(ngThithinLosAngeles)tranghong
thittrkhchsnHngGiangtiHunmucupmNgnhCnmuachongDim.Ngoistinmtphchnhtrhngnml
98triungvkhchsnHngGiang,tisnngDimcncmymutGianhmngttnl"PhngHong",doTnhtrngNguyn
cXch(ngiCnggioCnLao)trngnomtrngtrt.Ngoira,hngnmngDimcnnhncmtslitcdohngtmLongHicung
cp.HngtmLongHinydongNguynVnBu,mtngibconcangPhCamlmqunl.
NhngtisncaccngThc,Nhu,CnvcangDimmtitrnhbytrongchngnychltisndochnhtikhmphhocdo"yban
iutraTisnnhNg"saucchmng1111963tmti,hocdonhngtiliulchsnulnnhngnhngcachmcanikhcnhbtng
sn,cccphn,ccchngmc,...cahthkhngthbithtc.
TrongvtrcamtTngthng,nutisnchcbynhiuthithngDimcngcthkhiblitvoloihngthamnhng.Nhngiungtic
vngtrchlngDimlithngtchomnhlmnKhngMnh,lconchinngoano,lngicdvnglmquanlimchnh,lngi
thngnhcnhhaich"ThnhTn"lmphngchmcho,limanglcgmvcthuch"TittrcTmh",thmlibhplccang
tinlmchnhnhngtm,chnhnkhchsnvnhtldungtng,nngchoanhem,bconlnghnhthamnhngv!
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tinlmchnhnhngtm,chnhnkhchsnvnhtldungtng,nngchoanhem,bconlnghnhthamnhngv!
ngticvngtrchvngDimkhngnoigngKimC,khngbtchcphongthinhngvnguynthngthivingta,nhng
nhnvtlmchothgiikhmphcnhThtngMacMillanncAnh,ThtngUNuncMininchnghn.
ThtngMacMillan,ngittrungkinca"StChurchill",saukhithilmThtngvnhsngcucithanhbch.ngdichuynbng
xebut,chenchcgiamthngdn,cnglmuiixebutnigcng,uph.CnThtngUNuvnlmtPhttthunthnh
vtbitmnhqunha,khnglnhocqucgiatrchimhaCngSnMinin,chonnthng9nm1959ngnhngchclicho
tngNWinngnycththchincmtchnhschchngCnghuhiuhn.ThtngUNukhivodinhcLp(Min)chmangtheo
mtchicvalimyvimybqunocvigiybkhirav,giaticangcngchigiyvibvichicvalimy.TchcThtngv
nh,nglitheouivictuhnh,smhmvicukinhtingk.ThinhLnhonhthchtrchMinin,dlmttiuqucclpgia
vngrngnicaonguyn,listTrungCng,dmchngliMaoTrchngvchinthngcCngSnMin,vngivngnnclpv
trunglptsaunhthchinchonngynay.
ngDimcngkhngchunhncigngtylipcaTngthngLThaVncanciHn,ngitngthmvingVitNam.Ltinsinhl
mtnhcchmngsutihinthnchocngcucchinuchngqucNhtginhclpchoquhng.Sauthchinthhai,iHn
cclpvngcbulmTngthng.Rinhskhnngoansngsutcang,nhMvqunngMinhthamchin,nglnhoquc
giavgivngcNamHntrccuctncngcaBcHnvTrungCng.VthmnhndniHntnvinhnglQucphcaxsh.
HaingbLThaVnnitingthanhlimtrongschnhngrivbcontaychncang,nhBtrngNiv,nhPhTngthngLeeKiPong
thamnhng,thintnnbnhndnnidychngi,khinhaitaytmphccangkthbt,kthtvn.TngthngLThaVnnhnlnh
trchnhimtrcngboritchcngayvxinxutngoicynlngdn.Saumynmluvong,nglicnhndniHnmitr
vquc.
Khngchunhnnhngtmgngtrongsngsoimnh,ngDimliiconngcanhnglnhchaThinChagioTrung,NamMnhTng
thngBatistaxCuBahayTngthngSomozaxNicaraguasaunyqucgiaphirivotayCngSn.
cpnnhngnhnvtChugngmu,tikhngthkhngnhtihikTmnmTngthngcaTngthngEisenhower,trongv
tnganhhngnyklimtbuigpgcbitviGioHongJohnXXIII.Hnhnhvonm1958hay1959,saukhiGioHongJohnXXIII
ngquangtcv,TngthngEisenhowerchthnnLaMthmvingcThnhCha.Trcnivuimngcgpnhlnhothgiitdo,
GioHonggichuyn:"TrongnhThchin,NgilTngtlnhquningminh,cntilmtTrungs,khngngngynayNgylTng
thngicngqucHoaKcntilGioHongcmuGioHiLaM".CunituyhicvkhoatrngcamtGioHongvncting
thnhthin,nhnglilmtcunihmchamttritlnhnsinh,citritlvnhnhcachThi,chMnh.Nghthmthnghichoanhem
nhNgthngtnhnlgianhkhoabngtrthcnhnglikhngbitcnhngthngtrmttyucakipnhnsinh,mphqulidanhc
khcnomytrincchy.Hungchinhngbctincacicxydngbngconngbtlng,phingha,xydngtrnxngmu,trn
xcchtcabaonhiungithlmsaotntivngbnchoc.Ntcngnhiunphitncngmau,nhncthytriusnglnlchiu
phirtxung.
Trongquannimvquakinhnghimcacuci,khigianhhNgtngiabisn,nhvnlothnhLngNhnPhngTtcmivvonanh
emngDimlHongSo:
NGTRO
Triquamtcucbdu,
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Triquamtcucbdu,
Trngvicqunbitulnh?
Khooangia,caphgia,
Nylemrutnylemdu!
Canhdtnhvsau,
NghnnmaickhenuHongSo!28
2 TnNK.C.,ByGiThngMy,trongbnnguytsanVitNamHiNgoi(s23ngy151978),tr.43.
3 onThm,HaiMiNmQua,tr.220.
5 FrancesFitzgerald,FireintheLake,tr.102,103.
6 NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?tr.292.
7 NguynThi,IsSouthVNViable?tr.220v221
8 LTHng,NhtKTh,tr.74,75.
9 NguytsancLp(sthng101984),tr.15.
11 ThchNhtHnh,LotusInASeaOfFire,tr.27.
13 HilaireDuBerrier,BackgroundtoBetrayal,tr.127.
14 HilaireDuBerrier,BackgroundtoBetrayal,tr.243v244.
15 NhtboSacramentoBee,ngy8thng4nm1983.
17 FrancesFitzgerald,FireintheLake,tr.126.
18 WilliamLederer,OurOwnWorstEnemy,tr.139.
19 HunhSanhThng,TheGreatestLittleManInAsia,trongboTheNation(sngy1821961),tr.141.
20 AlfredMcCoy,ThePoliticsOfHeroinInSoutheastAsia,tr.159161.
22 StanleyKarnow,Vietnam:AHistory,tr.267.
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24 PhanNhtNam,DuBinhLa,tr.181.
25 DennisWarner,TheLastConfucian,tr.222,223.
26 HongTrngThc,TinhThnTroPhngtrongThiCaXHu,
tr.274.
28 LngNhnPhngTtc,ChiCh,tr.73.
Chng14
KTHTNGIO
Mttrongnhngthhinconhtcavnhonctalisngtnngngrtnngnnvrtluicadntc.Cnhnsnchanh
miutrongmilngmitnh,vsauny,snhthtrongminvhnhchnhaphngthctholngcsinhhottnngngcadn
tamnhmbitchngno.Cemslngnhngngycngkringtcatnggianhvnhnglntlchungcatondntcthbitcibn
chthngnicanginctasuscbitlbaonhiu.
Kbnni,kbnngoi,lChpm,titThanhminh,cngcTrn,lChaHng,Phtn,GingSinh,cThy,TtNguynn,cngC
Hn,lncynu,thThnTo,chayn,cusiu,bM,HB,ThnhHong,ThnhGing,...thtkhngcmtdntcnolinhchtchvi
qukhvhngvisngtmlinhhuynbsumnhvy.
DomhunhngiVitNamnocngco,cngltncamttngio.Nuokhngcmtvgioch,nhnggiolthnhvn,
hocmtgiohithtnhtngiVitNamcngchungchungtheoothttinngbtrongcitnghppkhngmuthuncann
TamgiongNguyn.
Saukhicucdicnm1954hontt,dnstonqucl38triumtrong15triungisinhsngtiminNamtdo.Trnphngdintn
gio, 15 triu ngi c phn chia nh sau: Tin Lnh ra i ti Vit Nam t nm 1921 c 200.000 tn , Ho Ho (t nm 1939) c
1.500.000tn,Caoi(tnm1925)c1.500.000tn,vngoihaitngiocnliloPhtvCnggiothhunhmingiutheo
ogiatin.
oPhtcdunhpvoVitNamtthkthhaisauTylchvihaictnhHOvHOcannnkhngnhnghocvodntc
mtcchddngmcnhothnhmtthoPhtcthVitNam,phnbithnviPhtgionhocTrungHoa,nggpvovic
dngncvginctrnmimtvnho,qucphng,hcthut,kthut,...Saunm1954,sPhtttiminNamVitNamcclng
vokhong4.500.000.
Nm1553giathk16,ThinChagiocdunhpvoVitNamdithivuaLTrangTn.Sau400nmtruyngio,tvtuyn17trvo,
sgiodntptrungngocctnhQungTr,QuyNhn,KonTum,...cnticcaphngkhcthsngthathtthnhtnghochng
baonhiu.Cucdicnm1954nngtngstiminNamlnhn1triut,gnbngstncaCaoi,nhngnhhngchnhtrcng
nhkinht,xhicngnhgiodcthlivthncctngiobnvlantrnkhngnhngtrongqunchngmcntrongbmycngquyn
cngnhtrnchnhschqucgia.Trongs860.026ngiBcdicvoNam,c676.384(tc78,64%)ngiCnggio(tclhnmtnasGio
dnminBc)vi5gimmc,hn700linhmc(2/3tngslinhmcminBc).1
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TheonghincucaJeanLacouturetrong"LesDeuxVietnam"mtiscpnmtcchchitithnsauny,thtrongtngshnmttriut
,vonm1963,nhngngiCnggioNamktralnhnhtvthngbtmnvichDimvyutkthaphngCnggioBc,
CnggioNamcagianhhNg.
PhinirranhththyrngchchnmttriungiCnggiogmCnggiodictminBcvo,vasgiodnminTrunglng
hngDim,tothnhmtchlchuthunstthpchongsut9,10nmngtrvtiminNamVitNam.
VimttriungiCnggiovanhitthnhvtngio,vanhittnhnghngDim,vichnghaNhnVDuyLinh,viquynhnhtuyti
trongtay,viphngtindidocaHoak,anhemngDimciukinthchinthamvngcahl"lmsngdanhCha",cngvn
lnhimvcaotrngvtithitmnhNgnghrnghcThnggiaoph.Nirhn,ivianhemngDimthviclmsngdanh
Chal"cucnh",cntquc,dntc,kinthitqucgia,chngCngchl"phngtin"Chaanbihtccucnhmthi.
CnhnlitintrnhdunhpcaThinChagiovoVitnam,nhnlilchsdnghNgnhvbngiLngkhngbphiblngXunDc
n ng c lng i Phong, nhn li vic ng Ng nh Kh c c o ngoi quc nui cho n hc ri v nc lm quan theo Php dp qun
KhngchinCnVng,cnhnvicngNguynHuBiringNgnhDimulmThngThutriuvucringtrongvicng
hKNgoiHuCng,tasthyranhemngDimchuncnhthnochmtmtthmangnnghnthvingibnLng
vmtkhcthhtlnglmnhimvmmangncChatheothamvngcaHiThnhLaM.
MCha,HiThnhlg?TahyngheTnggimmcDrapier,KhmmngToThnhtiHunir:
"HiThnhlmtcquanhngiti.HiThnhthitlpulsng,msngtclcbnhtrngmidomtscmnhkchphttbn
trong.MmsngcaoCnggiochnhlmtthmennngkhngthchunmyn,khngdidch.Bntnhnllmchosini,chontvgii
hnbnngoi.Misngntr,ngcikhngthkhinnnhtililmchonthmphnkhi"2.
Mtlinituyvnvmhmhiuchinvkiucng.
CithamvnglmvThnhTngth13cagianhnhhNgkhnginsaunymiphthinmcvunxithianhemng
Dimcnninthiu.HlpchngaytthivalnkhnchogianhphicmtNgnhThcivoGiohinguhnggiophm,
phicmtNgnhDimivohonllmquannThngThBLivsaunylmnguynthqucgiamavnocngihicho
cquynhnhtuyti,vcmtNgnhNhuivonghcvnlmchamtchnghaNhnVDuyLinhThinChagio.Gianh
hNglmmicchcmtnhlmhotngio,mtvnguynthqucgia,vmtlthuytgiachnhtrvithamvngbinncVitNam
thnh"ngicongiulng"caHiThnhLaMtingNam(LaFilleAinedeL'EgliseRomainedel'ExtrmeOrient).
Nhnlilchsncnh,tngyThinChagiodunhpvoVitNam,nhngcongoiquc,cbitlccgiosngiPhptrong"Hi
TruynGioHiNgoi"nhAlexandredeRhodes,PigneaudeBhaine,Puginier,Pellerin,...vtngiomnhmtmmicchtiuditnnvnho
vtruynthngdntcVit,huthchinvicCnggiohotondnVitNam.NhnghkhnglmniviasngiVitNamlngtrn
tnhtdntcuchohlm.
Cucochnh9345caNhtBnltvchmdtnnhPhprisaunnclpcancnhcngHChMinhtuynbngy2
945tngchmdtctrangsentignmttrmnmquaquhngcthtsthucvdntc.Nhngthmtrnglixyravl
csaovngcaVitMinhchlbiutngchomtnnclpgimoctvbiTamQucTvcscngnhngiaioncathc
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csaovngcaVitMinhchlbiutngchomtnnclpgimoctvbiTamQucTvcscngnhngiaioncathc
dnPhptrongmuntrlingdngtilpnnthucac.DomcucchintranhPhpVitt1945n1954phixyravi
ktqultncbchiai,lygingsngBnHilmranhgiichohaiminNamBc.Cithmtrngchodntckhngphichlvcucchin
tranhxyragiaCngSnVitvThcDnPhpmlauthnghnna,ncnvPhpmuntidinlivicdngngiCnggiolmhu
thunnhthitrcchnglingiLngmvicdngvinCaoyutin,cThierrydArgenlieu,vnlmtCo,rrngnilnci
mmuthmhimcangiPhp.
cd'Argenlieu,CaouPhputintingDng(1946)tnglBtrnxoLouisdelaTrinitthucdngCarmen,bngvintrong
thiNhthchinvtheoDeGaullekhngchinchngc.ccgichcCaouPhptingDng,cd'Argenlieuvntrongtnh
trngcamttusThinChagio.Mibuisng,trongmtcnphngringtidinhNorodomtiSign,ngtatmnhlml.ngtachngli
chnhschhoduiviVitNamcatngLeclercvchtrngthnhlpncNamKttr 3.D'Argenlieumuntidintr"NamKthuc
a"trmnmtrctdndnnhchimBcvTrungphn.Tuynhin,lchschintranh19451954chothychcasngiCnggio
nhittnhnghngiPhpcniaslclngdntcVit,bngphngthcnyhayphngthckhc,chnglimmucathcdnnh
nitrongnhngchngtrccatphikny.
TheongVnThanhtrong"L'AutodfensedesVillages"thvonm1952tiBcVit,ngitacngkhaithanphinvicdnvCnggioc
Php v trang y v dng v kh ng l chng Cng Sn th li lm cng vic "cp bc cha chin, tn ph miu mo v p buc ngi
Lngtheoo"4.
Chonnkhicquynlctrongtay,chnhschcaitrminNamcahNgchiathnhhaivrrt:vthnhtlchngCng,vvthhai
lCnggiohotonbminNam.NilchiahaivnhngthtrachnglinhhtngkhngkhtvinhauvtiuditCngSnvthnv"T
thnngoio"(mchcctngiokhctiminNam),theoanhemngDim,llmtrncnhimvCnggioho,mcthnhtl
nngCnggiolnhngqucgioctncaTngGimMcNgnhThc.Cngvy,khiymnhchnhschuivchtincnsdng
ngunnhnsCnggiotrongchnhquynvquni,tronglnhvckinhtvxhi,thanhemngDimcngchorngnhthlsc
mnhnhCngSn.HaivnhthinlaavngchpxungunhndnminNam,nhtrothnythnhthn,munkttiaithc
gingilCngSn,aimunccquynclithctheoCnggio...lmthnhmtthtrnhnmqutngccnhngsc
mnhctruynthngluinhccngphi,cctngiovcctnhtvnhosusctngminmanqunqutdntccngnnmnay.
Tuynhin,chaithlclnkhngngqu:CngSnlidngchnhschthtnhntmkhnkhovnln,vPhttngvng
trntmthc"BTt"mdodaichung.
Thtvy,saukhivtquacnhngkhkhncahainmu19541955,vsaukhitlithoccngphiqucgia,vhiuhohaigio
phiHaHovCaoi,chnhquynNgnhDim,dangphiiphvinhiuvncpbch,vnbtuphtngkhochcngphlc
lngPhtgioniring,vngiLngtheoongbnichung.
RingPhtgioVitNam,mcucchinPhpVit4554tiuhuvlmkitqukhnhiulclngtngs,tncngnhcccscha
chin,kinhschvkhngchuthamdvoquynthcahaiphelmchin,xavnnghokhnaylicngnghokhthm.Hobnhtrli,
PhtgioVitNamkhngmongmunghnlanhovthibnhcduytrmimihctchclitytngnt,nhngcsvt
thkhimnhng,ctrngtulihthngtuhctngningin,phthuyctinhthn"chovuicukh"trongqunchnghunggpcho
icucxydngminNam.
NhngthikhnngoanvcmchnhngvnkhnglmchoPhtgiotrnhcnhngthonkchphtrongchnhschkthtngio
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NhngthikhnngoanvcmchnhngvnkhnglmchoPhtgiotrnhcnhngthonkchphtrongchnhschkthtngio
cagianhvchNgnhDim.
Hnhngkthutinghinhncvonm1956khimtvlinhmcctnlVng,gingscatrungtmNhnVVnhLong,ithuyttrnhti
cctnhvkhinNng,ngchocmThpTGilnniNgHnhSn,nicchaNonNclchsmdnchngtlutnvinhl
nhtthngcnhqucgia,phncchaHngtiminBc.BuncilmingykhichaVngchocmThpTGilnthsnghmsauli
thycyThptbchtvtbtrnsni.Saubangynhth,linhmcVngniginvquytichoPhttctnhphhoinnkhiraHu,
ngngpHothngTrTh,TngtrsPhtgiominTrung,iHoThngphibotoncyThnhgiNgHnhSn!HathngTr
Thtrli:"Chnhquyntrongtayccngi,ccngimunlmgthlm,chngticgimcntrccngiu".Sauny,nhcuciutraca
chnhquynmibitcsthtlchnhdnchiSnTr,vmtnscyThnhgicmtrnuncchacthlmmttnhthinglingca
ngicha,hichonghibin,nnhchtvtvnmxungsnni.
Nm19561957tiHu,cngnngylPhtnthdnchnglithycuTrngTinbngngangsngHngctranghongbngnhng
KhiHonMnctreoc...TaThnhvnhtngcM.TtnhinmrcPhttchaTmquachaDiukhngthibdi
nhngnhtngquacuTrngTinmphiquasngHngbng.Trongvny,mmuthmccaCngGioCnLaolgy
khkhn,vnhtllmnhcPhtgio:numrccibquacuthtngnhcacPht,cPhtphichuidinhtngcac
M,mnuquasngthphitnti,phinh,mtthgivphihuynghngngnchic.Vimutcchtngtnhtltrongkhingbo
PhttkhkhnduytrcucrcPhttrongnhngiukinhnlonnhththnhmCngGioCnLaolicchphnh,vitphctrnhv
hnhngkthcachnggivchocCha,ngCu.HnhngkthldnhinnuxyratiHuthnhiunithnqu,cctnhkhc
licngtrmtrngvthngxuynhn.TngTnThtXng(hinCanada)lccnlmTlnhSonI,chotibittiQungTrchnh
ngS,mtTrungontrngcangta,cngdngnhngthontrnbucmrcPhtphibngquanhngngrungtrnhcon
ngtichabcvnhtngcacMdnglnchnngang.
Lngnhctngiolmtiungphnhri,nhnghnhcmttngio,pnxungbnmmcchlchotngiomnhcctn
thquththocchlmtngygio,hoccctnchlmtthphngiomthi!
Nhngthonnycnkodiminnm1959,saukhingNgnhCnnhncnhiubocochobitnhngb,nhngm,nhngch
bunthngbnmtchngBa,chCng,chAnCu,...nhngdnlaong,nhngbcxchl,nhngemhcsinhcctrngtiuhc
cngkhaivrngrichibinhNgvnhmCnLaoCngGiothmt,ngCnmiralnhchmdt.
DsaothnhngthnhngthonvaktrnchlnhnghnhngccbvthtrachnhthivccbinphpcaccTnhtrng,Qun
trng,CnganCnLaoCngGiominguyhimhn.Hlmdngthtcthngthng,chti,bt,thuynchuynplcthuccpphi
cio,aikhngbnglngciothkhngcnghthngthng,bsathihaybinnhngaimholnhxaxi.
Hnthna,lnticpchnhsch,CnLaoCngGiocntnchnkhichnglidngphongtro"TCng"khngbdnlnhbuchphi
bothngbvoCngGio.DnchngvnsngminmdichVitMinhlmsaokhicngtcvlinhtnhiuvibmy
hnhchnhc,bitvynnnhmCnLaoCngGiodavonhngthnhtchcpbcdnlnhtheoo,nukhngthsbbtb,ty.
Nhngskinpbcnycnhiutcgicpn5.Oancvtinghipnhtlnhngngvintrongnhngngphiqucgianhi
Vit,VitQuc,vnlkthcaVitMinh,bVitCngnmvngdichDimlidngchnhschTCngtngcli,lmnhngngi
qucgiabinthnhCngSn,ritrthnhnnnhnaukhnhtcaCnLao.Trili,cngnhchnhschciomVitCnglenliddng
cvochnhquyn,vthmminm1959,VitCngtchtngcstinngthnminNam.
303/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
DinhinlmttrongnhngchngtrnhngDimthonhttrongnhngnmchpchnh.Nhngnuchtrnmtkinhtvchgiihntrong
mtviaphngncemlithnhcng,thtrnmtchnhtrvnhnvnmiumiliuquantrngtrongmtcucchintranhnhn
dnnthtsthtbimktqurrngvbitnhtlliontrchmamaitruyntngrngritrongqunchng:"theoocgomn".
ChngtrnhdinhinlchnhschadnminTrung,ningingthp,lnvngCaoNguynlpnghip.lmtchtrngxhi,
kinhthpltrongcngcuckinthitqucgianhng,nhRobertShaplenni,btcchnhschnomhcnhhngcaCnLaoCng
Gioxenvothuthtbiht.
lachndnidinhin,nhngTnhtrng,QuntrngCnLaovnglnhngNhutchcccbuiBnhNgh(mtbttrcthbokthut
caCngSntrongchindchCiCchRungt).Chngtphpdnchngli,ribncnbxptaytrongtrnhbytrnghpcamingi
dn(mchngbttheoo)nghgnnhcngpghitnhvodanhsch"c"idinhin.Nunhngngidnthuntheooth
cnh,ngclithphiiCaoNguyn.Binphpnydngchnhschcaqucgianhmtbinphpchtivemtngiocand
mnhmvosinhhotkinhtcaqucgia.NhnglnCaoNguynmnoccynthn,didncnbtaihakhngtheookhngcgom
nkhnkhhn.Trungtmtrngdinhinlccvlinhmc"Bckdic",lnhngngvuaconcquynsinhst.Nudidntheoothc
ccngphtgo,mui,ckh,dngcvcygingcholmnsinhsng,nukhngthchngnhngkhngcphtn,dngc,mbnth,
lhng,tngPhtcnbnmvtrang...aikhngcthcclinhmccholnh,dnv,boantinp.Mtsdndinhintrncv
lngboconhnghnhngkthpbcchocctngsPhtgionnHathngTrThbnginvhslnchnhphvQuchixin
canthip.ngin5,7lnvnhnhngnhnvtPhtgiothnvingNhu,ngDimnhThtrngLtTrnvnPhc(hinCanada),
cnVVngtrnhby,vnng,ngDimmibnglngthnhlpmtubaniutracuxtvkthtngioccdinhin.
UbaniutragmcChtchquchiTrnvnLm(hinc)lmchtchviccuvinltngTnThtnh,TlnhqunonII,cMai
ThTruyn,chuynvinPhTngThng,HothngTrTh,idinTngHiPhtgio,vThngtaMnGic,chnhidinPhtgioCao
Nguyn.UbanntngtrungtmdinhinbntnhCaoNguynthstiutravxcnhnnhngskinkthkhngb,lpbinbnctt
cccchkcaccuvin.TtrnhcaUbancgilnchoTngthngDimvcsaorachoQuchi,Qunon,ibiuchnhph
TrungphnvCaonguyn,vccuvin.Nhngthigianctriquamchnhphvnkhngcmtxtxno,khngcmtbinphpno
chmdtslnghnhcacclinhmc.th,cngvcuciutramdidnbtrthnngnhnnntrngnhtvquc.Domk
hochdinhinchthnhcngnhngtrungtmdogiodnkhaithc,cnnhngvngdohaimingndidntminTrunglnthuthtbi
vtrthnhhoangphht.
KhngthiugschstrnhbychnhschkthtngiocachDimtrongchngtrnhKhuTrMt,trongqucschpChinLc,trong
khochDinhinvinhiutnhtitauthngymul.ytichtrchlionvncanvnsFrancesFitzgeraldnivchtrng"theo
ocgomn"cachDim:
Trongsutnhngnmcmquyn,NgnhDimchcmtngminhtrongnclkhingiCnggio,nhtlCnggiominBcdic.Ngay
tkhiu,ngDimttrimnhmtcchchtchvokhiCnggiovchnngcclngCnggiohnmithnhphndnchng
cnli.NhngchcquyncachDimhptcchtchvicclinhmctrongcclngCnggioclnhvintrM.Nhngchcquyn
chongiCnggiolmgtirngcmcaqucgiavcquynthulitcmamngdoMvintrkthut.
"Theoocgomn"lkhuhiuxactthihPhp.DichDim,lngdnminNamcngchuscngch,cbitl
dnminTrung.Hngngndnchng,nhiukhiclng,phitheooCnggiotrnhkhicctpdchnngn,haytrnhkhivicrilngvo
nirngthingncc.TtnhinlcilichogiiCnggio.NuisngngiCnggiobngshysinhcalngdn,chnhphDimc
304/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
mtnglichnhtrthincnmngDimkhngcmtslachnnokhchn,ngiMcngkhnghinchongtamtkhochno6.
ngnhnhngnhnxtcaFrancesFitzgerald,nhiunidnclngbbtbucphiciotrnhnnrilng,vthBntinCngGioQuc
t,phthnhtiParisngy15thng3nm1963,mihnhoanthngbothnhqucaphongtrociotiminNamdichDim.Vd
lngPhHotiBnhnhvonm1958chc692giodn,thmnm1959,constheooCnggiolnn2000ngi.Nghaltrong
mtnmtnggn300%.GimmcNgnhThccngchobitltiaphnVnhLongcrtnhiulng"xin"cciotpthnnithiuc
kchnchin.TheoNgnhThcthtiVinng,ngoiPhiLutTnra,VitNamlqucgiasinviccnctheoo7.
Trnylmtstcctrnghpinhnh.Thtravi9,10nmdichDim,ngidnthpcbmingnngthn,nhtlnngthn
minTrung,phichungmtchnhschkthkhngkhipmthnhphntrthcvnhngnginsungmcsngththnhmyaibit
cnikhcalngdn.th,nhngnhlnhoPhtgiolicngchmthmchungtaihodothlcCnggioCnLaogyram
khngcmtphnngno.Chonnm1963,bdyxoquphivnglnutranh,giohimigilnchotchcNhnQuyncaLin
HipQuctiNewYorknhngtphsdycmnivticcachDim8.
VsaukhichDimblt,vonm1964,tusTuSmidmchoxutbncunVitNamPhtGioTranhuSdonhxutbnHoa
NghimngTrnBnhTrngphthnhnutntuinnnhncachnhschkthtngiodichDim(cunschcaTuShinc
trongccthvinlntiHoaK).
Nunhnghnhngkthtngioctnhcchccbaphngldocclinhmcvchnhquynaphngthchin,thchnhschkthquy
mctnhcchqucgiatondinvthmchnlidochnhanhemngDimtiukhinly.
Nm1957,chnhphDimbiblPhtntronglchtrnhngynghlhngnmcaqucgia.Thonnyllmchocngchcqunnhn,
hcsinh,sinhvin,ththuyntheooPhtkhngcnghlichamngPhtn.Trcthonthmc,Phttphnnglibng
cchtchcPhtntolnhn,longtrnghnnhngnmtrcnnlikocdlunnilncngphnchngi.Vthchnhphmichu
"sasai"choghilingynghlhngnmcaqucgia9.
Vanmcchnhquyn,anhemngDimvinghngaynvictrngtunhthLaVangrinnglnhngVngCungThnhng.Vo
ngy931960,nginhthnycToThnhVaticantngmtcysp.Ngy1781961,NgnhThctchcmtil"dnghincM
hinracchy160nm",ciincconthvhngvngiodnthamd.imcaynglbanudnchngchtnganhemngDim
tnvinhmtngigiongcatngiomnhmthi,ainghcnmunbinnhthLaVangthnhmttrungtmphthuytinhthncaquc
giachotondntonquc.ChngnhngtrongvictrngtunhthLaVangtinbcnggplcangidnLngmngudanhschl
dnghinnylPhTngthngVitNamCngHo,mtPhtt.NgnhThccnchodngmttmbnglnbngximngctstvihngch
"PhoiTinhThncaQucGia"(TheSpiritualBastionofTheCountry)15triudnminNam,diasltncacctngiokhc,phi
mcnhincngnhnmtnginhthcaThinChagionhlbiutngchnhtrvvnhocaqucgia,nhlthnhtrtinhthncadntc.
HnhngkiucngvthchcavgiophmcaocpcaHiThnhCngGioVitNamnilnrtrrngxmlngtngio,cng
nhnhnthcchnhtrchochorngchcCnggiomichngCngcaGioHiny.VicbinnhthLaVangQungTrthnhmtth
nthQucT(phigilQucMuthnghn!)dmlmthngaytiSiGn,vicbinToSnhcaththnhmtaimtngio
mngCharaikhngphilchuynchDimngingngna.TiSiGncrtnhiunhthlntrncckhutkhangtrang,cqu
nhiunalkhc.Ngaytitrungtmth,qunnhtsangtrngcagiaoimhaingTDovThngNhtcVngCungThnhng
s,thmhngnmcvodplGingSinh,csqucgialToSnhilNguynHuvncbtrngdngtreonkthoamng
Chaxungtrn.
305/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Chaxungtrn.
ThihnnalbitlynhthcMLaVanglm"phoitinhthncaqucgia",bitlyToSnhvinhdanhThinCha,nhnganh
emngDimlikhngchuxynthQucT,licngkhngknimgitHngVngduytrtruynthngdntcvthomnnguynvng
canhndn.CidanhhiuHngVngchcttnchomtconngxaxitrongvngChLncangiTu,trongkhiilthnhthang
nilintrungtmthnhphviphicngquctTnSnNhtthlitrangtrngttnchongianhlngNgnhKhi.ThVitNamCng
HokhngccmtVnMiu,khngccmtbctngT,trongkhinhngbctngngcaccnhnvtThinChagiothvnc
duytrchmscnhdithiPhpthuc!
DinhcLpxyctchomnhvgianhmnhthto,mnthQucTthkhngc,cnnthvanhhngkhaiquclcTQuntri
quahaitriuTngthngvnkhngcaohnthmdinhcLp10.
TicnnhnhvnChuTcklitrongtunboiSiGncuchuyncamtgiosihcnnglngviQucTHngVng,
ngh ng Dim xy n th QucT th b ng Dim tr mt nt ln: "T anh chT ti !" Cn nh vn V Phin trong tc phm "t Nc Qu
Hng"cchobitmisaukhichDimkhngcnna,nhndncctnhhngsaytngxynthQucT.TiSiGn,nhiuonth
thanhnin,sinhvinphtngphongtro"vngun",thnhlpHiVitVosaukhichDimblt,hngnmtchclknimT
HngVngcngviccthnhphnkhccadnchngvnngxynthQucT.LngdnhngvQucTnhthmanhemng
DimlikhngcoiVuaHnglginghVittckhaimtncmchlotnvinhccgiong.
Trili,CngSnVitNamnmvngctmlnhndnvndngchonhngmctiucah,bitnhngvongtnhcmthing
lingnhncthngnivcibnscvnhochimctngictngcangbotonqucbngcchchtrngcngkhaiviquym
mtchngtrnhtrngtunthQucT11.Ngaytnm1976,saukhichimcminNam,CngSnbittchcmtcuctrinlmknim
vuaHngrttrngitiBTiChnhcSiGnvichrttcunicangHChMinh"HngVngdngnc,chngtaginc"v
thuhtcrtngngbonxem 12.CngSncnbitbytrnhthlylngdn,cnchDimthchbitctncitngioca
mnhkhiukhchdn,trchgncchngmt!
VkhngxynthQucTnnngDimdnhxy"iKNimQucGia"stiBinHotrnniChuThi.HadoKintrcsNg
VitThv,vctnhchitiumttrmtriungbcVitNam(dnnycngtrnboSngDiMinNamdokintrcsVc
Dinlmchnhim).Ninvicxydngmtiknimqucgiaknimcngnghiptinnhnvtodngchoquhngmtthngcnhth
ailikhnghoannghnhsngkin.Nhng,nhttcchnhschqucgiacangDimmcucnhchphcvchogianhvtngiocang
ta,dnnycngkhngthotkhi.Vxydngiknimqucgia,taithiugmphichnngayaimgnmtngichating
tmcaPhtgiotrnniChuThitrithngichai.Trnngnnicao65thcnycchaHiSnctrngtuvouthkth19
docngccanhsKhiLong,vnchngnhnglnithPhtmcnlmtthngcnhcadnchngngNaitlui.Thithibnh,thp
phngtccvngBinHo,CtLi,Thc...kovchaHiSnquanhnmcngkinngnhngyhi,domigil"HiSn".Cuca
dao"BaogicnlchngNai.NghingchaChuThimiphailinguyn"ctruyntnginyquaikhcnilncitmnguyn
thinglingvcitnhcmthmthitcadnngNaiquyttnsngvbovchaHiSnnhthno.Bitcgitrlchsvnhhng
vnhocachaHiSn,ngDimbnchoxymtcncqunstrnniChuThignchaHiSnchobinhsphphchlmmtvtn
nghimcachavchophpcngbinhcngnhccnhthukhaithcvlmchungquanhchachochnniChuThimingymtlra.
VtrniChuThibthuhp,chamtvtnnghim,cnhtrbtiuhu,Phtttichakhkhnnnccvstrtrcngphiriinikhc.
NhngringDimcngkhngxyciknimqucgiavchincucgiatngvvnhiubincchnhtrxyralintiplmchongkhng
cnmunxctindnna.NhngdsaothchaHiSncngtrthnhhoangph,vchnhiunythamnchongri.
306/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngycnqunh,ticmtstiliucnivlchsnhthLaVangtiQungTrvnhthcBtiSiGn.Theotiliunythngyxa,
thiPhpchahVitNam,ccvtrlaimcanhngngicha,nhngkhiqunPhpxmlngVitNamvothkth18,ccgios
ngoiquccngchimvphhuccngichaixynhth,AnhemngDimmtlnnalidmlnconngcathcdnvHi
TruynGioHiNgoiPhptiuditchachin,nmiuVitNamnhnhvnSnNamcklitrongtcphm"VnMinhMitVn".Cng
trongvicphchadichDim,kgiBernardFall,kmtcuchuynvHoThngSnVangngiVitgcMinnhsau:
Thng7nm1961,quniVNCHhnhquntnhVnhBnhvkhirtilihngngndnqukhnkh,nhschnhidintnhkuca
chnglivicqunibnphchachinvgiamcmmtsssinhngvnkhngcxtx.Mythngsau,tncaHaThngSn
VangxuthintrongdanhschlnhoMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam13.
VicnhsMintiVnhBnhctntrongdanhschnycchDimvnhngknglovichnhschkthtngionhMarguerite
HigginsthilnlnvxuyntcrngPhtgiolCngSnvichngcrrng14.
VsaonhsSnVanglitheoMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam?NuchDimkhngchtrngkthtngio,phhuchachin,nps
sithliunhscbchavobngchoVitCngkhnkhoylnlmcplnhotngtrngkhng?HunggVnhBnhphixttrong
bicnhmuthunVitMinthyrngnhsgcMintlumunynthnlmmtnnnhncmnnmongtuhcchovinmnmthi.
Nhngcymunlngmgichngmunngng,sconcathncynmtlcnobnnquphibtdyphnng.Ngoira,ciluniu
vnvochmtnhsgcMinctntrongthnhphnlnhoMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamdindchbabirngcPhtgiotheoCngSn
lmtthluniunukhngnguxunthqulcc.
KhngkhcgvmtlinhmcChnTnthnCng,vmtlinhmcNguynnhThihotngchoCngSntiPhp,hayvmtTnggimmc
NguynVnBnhthihnhchthCngSnsau1975chorngtonbCnggioVitNamutheoCngSn.CiluniuvucochpmPht
giohnmtlngipti,khinhnlilchscnivhinicadntc,phnbitrrnghnkhiphphnnhngtiliividntcca
giohiCnggioVitNam,vnlmtbphnnmtrongccucaCnggioLaM.
DichDim,nhthmclnkhpni,hunhminvquni(ngaycgiaSiGn)ucmtnhth,vngaynhngnhthcbh
hithichintranhcnguctrngtuliht.Nhngcsvnho,xhi,kinht,cctrngtiuhc,trunghc,ihct,bnhvin,Gio
HonghcvinPieX...caCnggiomclnrtnhiu.
TronglcthCaoi,HoHokhngcmtcsnongkngoiccToThnh,cnPhtgiocngchvnvnmytrngBctthi
trcli.ThmCnLaoCngGiovnchavalng,vntmmicchbnhtrngthmhuchnpcctngiokhc.
HiThnhTinLnh,mttngionh,khngnhhnggnhiunisngqucgiavkhngtranhchpviai,nhngtnlictinhthnchng
Cngrtcao,chxinxyctmtbnhxvmttrngthnhcnhbtiHnChng(NhaTrang)mcngbkth.CLVnThi,HitrngHi
TinLnhVitNam(mttiLosAngelesnm1985)ginkhiunitichnhquynhnhainmlinmvnbtkhcvchnhquynchorngt
CxinlbtngsncatrngLaSan,nghaltcaCngGio(mthtraltcaqucgia).TronglcthTiuchngvinLaSan
chmchchimchnngnipnhtthnhphNhaTrang,khnglinhgtimingtchninimcThixinxyctcschoHi
ThnhTinLnh.Vnlchthntnh,cThibncanthipvitivvicbCnggiokthnhtiemvnytrnhthngvingDim.Tinhc
chongDimbitcThitnggpngHChMinhhailnphningHChMinhptchCngSnlnudnVitNam,vti
cngnhclinhngngyngDimraNhaTrang,ngvnthngmicThivgimmcPiquetmo,ritilungDimrngtcThi
xinltcaqucgia,khngphicaCnggio,ngthinulnchongDimbitvickthtngioqutrngtrntiaphng.nlc
307/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
xinltcaqucgia,khngphicaCnggio,ngthinulnchongDimbitvickthtngioqutrngtrntiaphng.nlc
ngDimmichuralnhchophpCThixyctcsxhicaHiThnhTinlnh.VicnyquvmcsLHongPhu,NguynVnChnh,
NguynBQuang,v.v...hinLosAngelesvSeattleubitr.
o0o
DithiNhtCngHo,cctchcCnggiothahxutbnboch,kinhsch,tingniCnggiorarngymtrnccitruynthanh.
ThmkinhinPhtgiolibkimduytgtgaonniPhtgiokhngdmramttboctnhqunchngsutminmtri,ngaycvic
sdngiphtthanhcngkhngcchpthun.
Ngy23758,ngNgnhNhummthinghtonquctiSiGnvvngiodchcng.Sauhinghny,mtnghnhchnhph
cbanhnh,trongcbinphp"kimsotchtchcctrngtthc".GiiCnggionilnphnkhngbinphpkimsotcaNgnh
Nhu,nhiutpchCnggiotiSiGnmmtchindchkchbinphpny.Phongtroangnonhththbngnhinduxungmt
cchtngtvllng.SaungitamibithnggiophmCnggiochaingNhuvThcgiithchchobitbinphpnyphic
cngkhaibanhnhbinminhchokhochlmtlitcccsgiodccaPhtgio.inhnhaunltsauhinghgiodctonquc
,trongnidunggingdyvvnchngVitNamtathytrongmunngnphongdao,ngdaonivtngiotiVitNam,nhngcuthchm
bimssikiu"Bacigolncha,MtcymthmbbachoS..."cchovochngtrnhgiodcgingdyconem 15,cn
nhng phn tch lch s nghin cu rt cn thit cho th h thanh nin yu nc v s cu kt gia thc dn Php v Gio Hi Cng gio La M
VaticantrongvicxmlngnctathbcmgingdyvboltuyntruyncaCngSn16.
Sut9,10nmtrinhNgchoxutngoikhngbitbaonhiullinhmc,gimmc,bs,shuynh,ihnhhngtiFatima,tiLourdes
Php,tiYPhaNho,ivingthmcGioHongtiLaM,iduhcticcchngvinquct,idulch,ichabnh,...nutnhracths
ngoitbmtkhngphilnh.ChDimcngchortnhiusinhvinCnggioxutngoiduhctrongchnhsch"trngngi"oto
cnb,cngchccaocpchogungmychnhquynvtchcdnschunbchokschCnggiohominNam.ThmbnPhtgio
chcchnhthcmtlnidhinghPhtGioQucTnhmhptiColombo,vmtlnbaThngToTrTh,nHu,TrQuangthp
tngmtphionchnhphdoTngtrngThngtinTrnChnhThnhcmuthamdhichThatLuongtiLomthi.Vchchainh
s c xut ngoi. l ccThng to Nht Hnh v Mn Gic.Ti khng c rThng to Nht Hnh i bng cch no nhng chc chn
khngdochnhphDimchoimtcchchnhthc.CntrnghpThngtoMnGicthngVVnHichotibitThngTocmthc
bngcaAsiaFoudationcpchoiduhctiNhtBnnhngTngthngDimnhtnhkhngchoi.HicnghtlixinchoThngTom
khngcnnphicucunthnsinhlcVVng,vnlmtbnchthnvingDimtthicnlmquan.CV,vnlmtcsPht
gio,bnvSiGntrchmcngDimsaoncthikthlliunth,bygingDimmichuchoThngtoMnGicrai.
Ngoira,chnhschkthtngiotrongqunilicntrngtrn,lliuhn.Qunilxngsngcaqucgia,lthnhtrbovtncv
ch,nglphicixhtsccngminhvmttmlinhvtinhthnthngDimlikhngchothnhlpngnhTuynyPhtGio.ng
chchoCnggiovTinLnhthnhlpngnhnymthi.lmthnhngkthtngiorrtthmnkgiMargueritteHiggins,ngibn
thncabNhu,trongcun"OurVietnamNightmare",dmvitrngsdngDimkhngchoPhtgiothnhlpngnhTuynUPhtGiovPht
giochngchintranh.Vitnhth,nginkgithiulngthinnykhngbitrngtsaukhingDimblt,ccchnhphsau
choPhtgiocthnhlpngnhTuynyvtchcnysinhhotchonngyminNamrivotayCngSnvothng4nm1975.
Nhngskinkth,np,khngch,hnhc,tiudit,nhphmtiktrnchlnhngskintiubiuvkhphbinmcncai
cngbit.Cnnhngthmkchkhcxyrahngngytrongccaphngxaxi,xyramthmtrongnhngmtibmtthmichonsau
ngycchmng11163midnhicsutpvghinhnli.
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ngycchmng11163midnhicsutpvghinhnli.
SdchDimdmtrngtrnthihnhnhngbinphplvchnhschkthtngiocachnhphmtmtnocgianh
ngDimtrotrhpphpquaods10nm1952cathcdnli.
Thtvy,trongkhitnhtrngphplcaCnggiodithingDimlmttnhtrngthlng,nghalkhngbrngbucbimtvnkinnoth
PhtgiovcctngiokhcliccicnbnPhplcaods10chiphi.ods10lmtsnphmhnhchnhccvthmhim
nht ca thc dn Php trong chnh sch tiu dit cc tn gio ti Vit Nam, v mt mt chng nhm lm t lit cc sinh hot tn ngng ca qun
chngVitNam,mtkhcchngdnhcquynchoCnggiociuthtonquynhnho.iu1caodlitmitngio(trCnggio)
voloihiphithngnhuanga,banh,...iu7chophpchnhquyntchikhngcpgiyphphotng,hoccprimvncthrt
likhngcnphinildo.iu10v12chophpbtcnhnvinhnhphphaytphpnocngcquynkimsotcchiphitngio.iu
14v28giihntisncamttngiomcnomthi,vdnhinius44dnhmtchcbitsquynhsau(nhngrichng
baogiquynh)choccHiTruynGioThinChaGio17
Rrngphicmtthmcc,anhemngDimmiduytrciodykthnhthcathcdnchocctngiokhctiminNam,trong
khixobhuhtmiccu,gnnhxbmivnkinphplvhnhchnhcachthcdnc.Sduytrodnychothythm
gnukhngphilquyttmtiptcchnhschCnggiohocathcdnPhp,tiptcbinVitNamthnhcnhtaynidicamtloi
qucVaticanTrungctilcaChu?
Thmsauny,ngoinhngdngCnLaoCngGiololmcngtcvitshoiNgmongdnglimt"tinhthnNgnhDim",vncn
cnhngtrthcCnggionhCaoThDung,nhNguynKimLong,chorngkhngckthtngiodichDim,nucnhngnpth
chngquachlnhng"toanxhimthi"18.
BornganhemngDimkhngkthtngiothtisaohgilimtolutbtbnhng?BorngVitNamCngHalmtqucgiac
lptisaohchothihnhmtolutbtcngvlithicathcdn?BorngchDimlmtchnhnv,mtch"cngngng
tin"tisaolichcngiCnggiolcnhnv,lcngtin,cntncacctngiokhclimtnhnv,khngcngtin?Tisao
Cnggiochcmttriuritnmlichngmtthsiuquychcamttngioccquyncli,tronglcnhngtngiokia
cn14triudnsliphichuquychcamthiphimssinhhotsngchtnmtrongtaychnhquyn?TisaoPhtGioVitNamrai
t2.000nmtrc,ccngginc,dngnc,chngBcmNamlibcoilmthiphitronglcThinChagiomidunhpvoVitNamt
thk16,nhtltnggipchoqunxmlcPhpthntnhquhng,licnhnlmttngiochnhthckhngbphplutkimsot,vc
quynshutaicaqucgia.DichNgnhDim,bitbaoxngmucadnvlnh,cngvnltncacctngiokhcra
bov"ngaivng"chomtgianh,chomtnhmCnLaoCngGio,thmphnthinglingcahcnbtcot.Cngchuaxttinhc
bng?LmtngilmvicchongDimhn20nmtri,cnhnggiphttmtnhvingta,tngnghengmamaioPht,cangi
oCha,giaotipvianhemngtavnhmCnLaoCngGiolunmvkinhquakhngbitbaonhiummuthoncah,ticth
nimkhngssailmrngnuchtntithm5,7nmnathschscadntcskhngcncphngdanhnhngnhnvtnhsVn
Hnh,nhLCngUn,LThngKit,TrnNhnTng,TrnQucTun,NguynTri,LngA,PhmCngTc,HunhPhS,...nhngthin
s chin u cho qu hng, dn tc. Chng nhng th m tc phm ca Nguyn Du, NguynTri, Nguyn CngTr,TrnTrng Kim, Phm
Qunh,PhanVnHm,oTrinhNht,oDuyAnh,HongXunHn,v.v...hccangioPht,tritloPht,oLo,oNhousb
"ththo"chcnlihnhnhca"Doang",ca"BpTt",ca"PhaoL",ca"PhR",...trongnnvnhcsVitNammthi.
TInfomationCatholiqueInternationletiParis,chnghunhhoang:"riydnVitNamstheoo(Cnggio)ht"sao?
309/611
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ods10rainm1952,trongthigianmgtgiystcaquniPhpcnngtrtrntncquhngnnemlibaonhiubt
cng,tinhc,aukhchomttngiocnhiutnnhtVitNam.ChonnkhingDimlncmquyn,tngncnhtnayclptdo,
HothngTrThmylnginlnchochnhph,saogichomyngibiuchnhphNguynnDuynriHcKhngxin
TngthngDimhub,thmsut9,10nmtri,tingkuthngcaPhtgiokhnglmrungngtmthaythayicsngoanc
camtgianhchbit"xinThngbanphplnh".Sngoanccngcbiulrrthntrongthikutranhnm1963,khiPhtgio
yu cu bi b o d s 10 m Tng thng Dim ch tm cch tr hon, ri u vn vo y. Th m trong chng trnh "Vit Nam, a Television
History"nm1983cakgiStanleyKanowtrniPBSHoaK,cuisNgnhLuynborng:"anhtigipchoPhtgiortnhiu".
TngthngDimgipgchoPhtgio?Tisaovicnggipnht,dgipnhtqucgiaonkt,tngiohonglvicbibods
10,TngthngDimlikhngchugip?Bibods10lmtbnphnhnhchnh,mtnglichnhtrnglmvphilmmanhem
ngDimcnkhnglm,nigngip.
Mtimquantrngcnphinhnmnhyltrongsut9nmcachNgnhDim,khngphihnggiophmno,licngkhngphi
ngiCnggionocngngvichnhschkthtngiocachnhquynDimvcaGioHiCnggioVitNam.
asngiCnggiominNam(Namkc)vngaycngiCnggiominBc,minTrung,trongnhiutrnghp,ngaytukhngchp
nhnchtrngphndntccaanhemngDim.
Khngthiugnhngcybt,nhngphongtroonthCnggiotlivn"lngtmCnggio",ihingiCnggiophi"tmvdn
tc".Nhngnhns,nhngtrtrc,nhngtchcCnggiotinbchnthnh,khckhoi,xtxavivnmnhtnc,muntlivthi
vnghacngnhxctntrckiainvicphnbitrulchnh,ult,uldntc,ulngoilai.Nhngnhngvnng,nhng
hoibothathitcahdichDimutrthnhotng.NhngtingkutrmthngcangiThinchagiokhngmun"lmklmt
trnchnhquhngmnh"chltingvngvosamctrcmtchnguxun,ngoanc,vthamtn.NgayccngngVaticanII(1962)di
thiiGioHongJoan23(28/10/584/6/63)bscpcathiimi,phnnhcvonibgiohi,phituynb"thchnghi",mngv
thcychotinhthncimvtinbngiCnggiocthithoivingi"ngoio"mvnkhnglmlaychuynninhngconngi
cchp,both,lithinhanhemngDimvnhmCnLaoCngGio.
Thrisau9nmtriPhtgiocnrngchungnhngpbc,nhngkhngb,btcng...cuicng,khimulcnging,khithngkh
cngccthkhngcphplnocthngncndngthcutckhibngra.KgilothnhRobertShaplen,ngikgitngtheodi
tnhhnhVitNamt1945,phngvnTngthngDimsut6tingnghtidinhGiaLong,mtkgicrtnhiubnbVitNamtrongmi
giivrtyuthngncVitNam,susctngktlinhngdinbinnhmnhcatnhtrnglchsny:
Khngcnnghinggna,cucnidycaPhtgiovonm1963cnguyndocvchnhtrlntngio.Rrngcucnidylchngi
citnhtrngkhnghongtlucaxhiVitNam,nghaltnm1954,khichDimcthnhlpvgnmttriugiodnminBcnh
dngsuichyquavtuyn17trnvoNamtrthnhchlchngsaynghchnhphngDim.Tkhitrthnhktaytrng,ngiCnggio
dicchnlasngchungvinhaudislnhocanhnglinhmcvxydngnhngxpmithngmangtnnhnglngxmcm
hblingoiBc.VngDimchdavonhngthnhphnvvcclinhmcddngravodinhcLp,nhngngiCnggiodic
trthnhnhngphntthngtrtrnasnhndn,nhtltiminTrung.asnhngTnhtrng,Quntrng,vcptrngthn,trngp
ulngiCnggio,ngaycnhngcpchhuyquantrngcaqunicngvy.Tnhtrnggiodncacclngnhmtgiaicpminhoa,
hngthhuhtchngtrnhvintrM.Hccpphtslntaixytrnghcvnhthngvisgipcaquni,cu
tinmntincachnhphthochngtrnhcangnhngnngnghip,cphpngchtrng,ngaycrngcm,vcquynvxut
nhpcng,kccquynthuhoaliquavictrngtrtcyKapot,vcyKnaf.
310/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TronglcanhemhNg,bngcchnyhaycchkhc,thhngtinbcdoktqusdngkhiCnggiotaysai,thkhngthnirngmin
ngycuicng,gianhhNgmibtucnhnp,khngbPhtgio.Trongs15triungidnminNam,Phtgioc11triu
ngi,gmc4triuPhttclnhovscnlilngitheoongb.TuynhindinhTngthngkhngnhngchthinvngiCng
giomcnkhuynkhchhkthvnpPhtttithnqu,nichc1triugiodn,quasiungcaccnglinhmcvchnh
quynaphng,nhnglnhtcaqucgia.Ktnm1960,vitnhtrnganninhmingymtnguyngpthskthcnglccngnngn
thmiviPhtgio.Vdtronglcxydngpchinlc,ccnglinhmccanthipchongiCnggiocmintrtpdchribtbinhs
thaythlmvic.Trongchngtrnhnngnghip,ngiCnggiolunlunclnhphntttvgnvnganninh,tronglcPhttbyn
nhngnixaxi,nimchngnhngtxummngsnglicnnguyhimvsngncaVitCng.Hphiicynthnhayc
chitrntrnh,domithyldolmsaohngtrmngi,ckhiclng,phicio,phngthcmcclinhmcmcclinhmcxidcv
aikhngciolmualysbtan.Chnhquynaphngthngphttinququcgiachoccnglinhmchnghiccngnyhng
dncngtctuyntruynchngliscngkchchnhph,nhiulngCnggiocncphtsngtvvchngliPhtgio.Vokhong
nm1962,khimchSiGnangnlcsuysp,chindchnpPhtgioinkhngbcchnhtr,xhi,tnngng.Vkhini
btmncadnchngdnglnvomaXunnm1963thscmthchctilanracnc19.
Thtlrrngvy.
o0o
MngmtttQuMo(vouthng2nm1963),nhthnglhngnm,cngchcvsquancaocpttptisnhngphTngthng
chcmngnmmivnguynthqucgiavnghengDimbanhunt.Tronglcchivophngkhnhtit,ccsquangm40ngi
gmttctnglnhvsquancpt(chhuyqunbinhchngvgimcnha,scmttiSiGn)chiathnhtngnhmnhngngoihng
hintrchuyn.TnhctingtrongnhmctngDngVnMinhcnghengnimtcummithngsaunghlithnhlli
bongchomtbinctrngicaqucgia.VivmtnghimnghtngMinhni:"Ngoikiaquninhgicththuamymnhc
phidinmicitungtchchnngyny".
TrongqunithibygihaivtngcsquanknhtrngnhtlitngLVnTvTrungtngDngVnMinh.Hknhtrnghaing
khngphichvhaingmangqunhmcaonht,giavcaonhtmchnhvphongcchcbitcahaingi.ngTcqumnvngl
mtvTngThammutrng"BonPapa",cnngMinhcknhtrngvngtrackhphch,dmchngPhp,chngtngHinhtthicn
quniPhp.Hnna,tnhtnhngMinhlinghimngh,tcchchngchc,phtbiuchnchn,nhtlkhibnlunvvicnchayvicquc
phng.ivimtqucgiachmtin,vimtqunituyxutsinhtqunithcdnnhnglitrngthnhtrctiptrongkhila,mtqun
ivaphitchchiniholivaphinguhngngyvigicmcmtvtngnhDngVnMinhkracnglmttho
choqunnhnVitNamCngHari,nhtlvitcangthkhngaicthchtrchgc.
TngytivgichcchhuyngnhAnNinhQuni,tibitcctnglnhrtddtviti.Hddttrchtvnhimvcatilphitheo
ditinhthn,tcphongvhotngcah,vcnvtilngimhcholcnbtncncangDim.TililmvictrctipviBtrng
Qucphngvnhtlthngphiithng,trnhbotrctipviTngthngnnhlicngddthn.
Bitvtrvhoncnhcamnhnhthchonnivihngtnglnh,nhtlivihaingTvMinhtiphicngtraknhtrnghn.Ngay
ivicctnglnhkhcmmtthihlthuccphocbnb,tivngingqunphongqunk,gphtivnhnhxngquncch
dcmtstngmtronglngtikhngkhmphc.
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chocctngthytikhngthTngthngDimmquamth,mithngvilntivnthngnvnphngtngT,tngMinhtrnh
bytnhhnhqunichohaingnghevngthinhnnhngchthcnthit.Ttnhinnhnhngbuinichuyntrctipny,ticdp
tmhiuthmvconngicah.
Tronglcchuyntr,tngTtracimvuiv.Saukhititrnhbycngvicrithngvtiemtruynxatchc,chuyn"thinhs"rabn
bc,nicihh.TngTbitthnphnngngilnhnghinhovhi.TngthngDimtuymnng,nng,nhngkhngcoingl
"lngngtriunh"mchngngilmv,ngichixinc.DichDim,itngLvnT,TngThammutrngcaqun
i,mangnhimv"llc"hnlchhuyviungquni,vttcmischlcvhnhqunthtngThammutrng,nghalngitrc
tipdiquyntngTbocothngviTngthngDim.iviccngThc,Nhu,Cn,bithqucaongovlnghnh,ngTchgithi
"knhnhivinchi"mthi.iviti,clcmthngngcnhngvuxutthnlconnhngho,ulhnglnhgicaqunimln
nnngdnhchotimtcmtnhcbit.ChnghnnhkhithitticcctnglnhngoiqucM,Php,c,TrungHoa,...ngchmiviv
tngVitNamvtithamd,dtichmangcpbciT.Thnhthong,tngTmiringtititdinhcangnbnh,ungtr,nichuyn
i.ngthngvtintinnhiukhingmangchuyngianhringtrabnbcviti,vnhtigpkhinggpchuynkhkhncngii
quyt.Clnngnhtidngquynuybtbucincangphixalnhngitnhlmtviniu.Dnhinltikhngcanthipvo
mitnhkeosncahaingitrtuicuicngviniukiatrthnhnghatvchongmtnchungoikhukhnh(hnhnhcpv
chngnyhinnayPhp).Trili,ivitngDngVnMinh,milngpngtithyngnghenhiuhnni,cbitlmilnticp
chuynvchngNgnhNhu,chuynngThc,ngCn,thtngMinhctrnhvnilngsangchuynkhc.Tibitngkhnganhngngi
anhemngDim,nhtlvchngngNhu,ngcngkhngbaogighthmngNgnhCnmcdnhiulnngnHu.
VitcchTLnhHnhQun,ngthngithmccnvtcchin,thmcctinnxaxivtheodisttnhhnhchins.iuvllt
khingbnhnhxongminTy,dpxongccnhmvtrangHoHoathnglivchongDimthngDimcngngycngtralnhmvi
ng.DlTLnhHnhQun,khngbaogingcngDimthamkhohaytholunvtnhhnhanninhvchinsmcdnggicho
ngDimnhiubocobiquan.KhngmykhithytngMinhvodinhTngthng,ngDimvngMinhchgpnhautrongccbuil.Tuy
nhinthicangDimivitngMinhcngkhnglmtakhhiunutanhlicunicangNgnhNhu,khingMinhcboch
gil"anhhngRngSt"trongvnhtanBnhXuyn.Dvytrongv"phinlon"canhmThingvocuinm1960,tngMinhvnng
vphangDimnukhngmunnirngngtachamunchngngDim.NhngtsauvnmbomdinhcLpcahaiphicngQucvC
(2721962),vnhtltlcchinsmingymtgiatng,tngMinhbytmtcchrrngmiloucangta.Vonhngthnggianm
1963,mikhinthmrichongtarav,tithngnghenglplicuni"tnhhnhnyriTngthngvchngtaschyiuanhMu
h..."Saucuningthngnhchmpnmtncikndo,nhngtionngmunnhngiviTngthngDimniutsumca
ng.
Ngy81262,ngDimthnhlpBTLnhLcQun,emtngntqunonIvgichcTlnhvgiitnBTLnhHnhQun,ri
giaochotngMinhchcCVnQunSphTngthng,mtchcvngichixinc,nnitngMinhkhngcmtbngiy,mtvn
phng.Bygithqurrng,"ngianhhngRngSt"xakianaybthtsngvcngkhaibhnhc.AnhemngDimthngtay
phbckkhaiquccngthnmkhngbitmnhangchivncgntncuc.emTrnvnnvSiGnlmngchontunghonh,
cntDngvnMinhmtavkhngtrchnhim,khngquynhnhltobtmnchoDngvnMinh.RrnganhemngDimdidt
tochichoiphngemttvocung,ymnhvothb.Thtvy,chmithngsau,Minhvntonthngcucc.
Lnginghimtrang,ddtthmkhngngngymngMtTtQuMo1963,tngMinhlithtracuni"Ngoikiaquninhgicth
thuamymnhcdinmicitungtchchnngy..."CuninyphnnhsbtmngnynhtcangivitrnpBcmixyra
khongmtthng.ChngnhngngbtmntrnpBclmtthmbinhcnhchoquni,mcnvcpchhuychutrchnhimlHunhvn
CaovBinhmlikhngbtrngtr,trilicncngDimvbNhulntingbnhvc.Cunicangcnphnnhstcbctchlu
312/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CaovBinhmlikhngbtrngtr,trilicncngDimvbNhulntingbnhvc.Cunicangcnphnnhstcbctchlu
ttnhtrngtichintrngvnngthnkhisthngvongcabinhsngymtcaomtiSiGn,chDimlibyranhiullc,khngem
lichgchoqucgia.thhlibuc"vnvbquan"chuhutvdanhgichomtgianhphongkinvinolBnMngccngDim,
Thc,Nhu,Cn,nollKhnhThngDim,lKhnhThthnmungDim,lcngkCNgnhKh,lSongTht,lQucKhnh,TtTy,
TtTa,lHaiBTrng(mtchimndanhnghahaivlitnbNhutimchongivlnhtvuyquynttnhcabta).Llcnhiu
mbnl,QucKhnh,TtTy,TtTa,vlHaiBTrngliqugnnhaunnnhngkthamdcmthynhmchn.Lnnocngvy,cng
ngn"vnvbquan"mangomocnaivodinhTngthngphinhnmisnkhu,dinvin,tungtch,vnghecaicali
nhnglisong.chnnmrimlnnocngnhlnno:PhTngthngNguynNgcThidinchoHnhphp,itngLvnT
idinchoQuni,chtchQucHiidinchoLpphpcnhngchctququenthuc.RinTngthnglnbngxungtrmvi
iu"NamaiNambng"mngcamitnmngoinmxa.Nmnocngquanhiqunlimtipkhcngndanht"cngngng
tin","cchmngnhnv","thnhtn",ricuicngl"xinThngbanphplnh"...khngcgmilht.Snghonncvnidunglnngn
tcaccbidinvnchnilntnhchtgioiukhcnmanhemngDimthchthngngonvirtnhiuc,vtnhchnhtrhihc
camtsnkhumccdinvinmththohngsngtocamttriunhphongkin.
NuchorngcunicatngMinhtidinhGiaLongnhmttingchungbotrccuccsithaythnhngmuthuntrmtrnggiaanh
emngDimxyratiPhCamcngvongymngMtTtQuMonhlmthintngbohiustantccagianhngDimmi
thngsauny.
Nguynkhimicmchnhquyn,phnvanhemngDimcnbngtrcmtthchchnhtrmilsovisinhhotquantrngphongkin
quenthucc,phnvbtbthchnnhthngyumbcnhau.Nhngdndnvchnhkinbtng,vnhtlvtranhginhquynli
nnhchngivxuxnhaunhkth.
Ngaytcuinm1955,ngNgnhNhutranhchpquynlcvngLuynbngNhulnpvginhmtnhhngivingDim,mcd
ngLuynccnglntrongvicvnngviPhp,vivuaBoingDimclmThtng.ngLuynthuavlvaiemvvkhngth
donbngngNhu.KhngthlmCvncnhnganhTngthngthithtinngvphttrinquynlccamnh,ngLuynphinhnly
chcisVitNamtiAnhQucxaxivinibtmntrongtmcan,risut8,9nmtriphithahipvingNgnhCnmongchngli
vchngNgnhNhu.MinmngLuynvncba,bnlnquansttnhhnh,traoinglingoigiaovingDimiviccncu
Chu,nhngmtkhc,vymilquantrng,ltheodinhnghotngcavchngNgnhNhuvgipngNgnhCnnhngth
onchnhtrvnhngkhochhnhngchnglivchngNhu.
CnngTngGimmcNgnhThc,nhtcchquynhuynhthphnnctonthccemknhtrng.Tuynhin,vlngthamvyvv
hnhnglmquyncangThcqulliunnnhiukhingcnglmchongNhubctc,nhngvtnhthmhimnnngNhukhngdm
cngkhaibytrangoi.ChonkhiTngGimmcThcbinngylNgnKhnhcamnhthnhramtquclvlmtinmtcchtrngtrn
qu,ngNhumicnhngliththanviktaychnlLinhmcCaovnLun,VintrngVinihcHu:"Tivanhti(TTDim)bun
cChavNgilmlnphmvitngioviphmviqucgia.HicnVnhLong,tngon,tnglDnbiu,Tnhtrng,Btrngnm
npkonchuhucCha.RaHuxaxitngbtccinn,khngngcChalivinlNgnKhnhlmnohn.Nhng
vanhclNgnhKhimtsm,cChatrthnhanhlntronggianh,vthiviNgichngticoinhCha,khnggimcangin,chc
Tngthngcthkhuyncancphnnonhngtiscngkhngc" 20.ThtrakhngphichvngNgnhThcvoav"quyn
huynhthph"nnngNhukhngdmkhuyncanmchnhvvNhucngbinlHaiBTrngthnhmtthQuckhnhthhaingitrngh
bnhbcgmvngnhghTngthngDimtikhnidanhdvittcnghilquncchcangyl2610.Ngoira,chnhngThcvv
chngNhucngtngcuktvinhautrongnhiuvthamnhng,trongvicxynhxycavchuynngnbthpphprancngoi.Vth,
mcdngNhulmtthchaTrnhlnghnhbncnhmtthvuaLmqunglngNgnhDim,mcdvngNhudmntnnganh
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mcdngNhulmtthchaTrnhlnghnhbncnhmtthvuaLmqunglngNgnhDim,mcdvngNhudmntnnganh
chngTngthngnhngngNhukhngdmngchmnngianhtuhnhquthamsnsi.VchngNhuvngThcmcnhinphicukt
vinhau,cngphe,cngngmsng.
RingivingNgnhCnthtrckhingThcnhnchcHu,haianhemvnthunhodngThcvnthngnghelivchngNhu
dmpha,ktingCn.ngNgnhThcthngyungCnvngCnlaemtdtntnhttrongnhnhngliccngkcnphng
dngmgi,lovickchpvsnscmmcachaanh.NhngtkhingThcvHuthnhngmuthunquynlilmchohaianhemtr
thnhinghch.
CngiangCnvvchngNhuthhcoinhaunhkthtkhihaianhemtrthnhhailnhchacahaivng,gingnhthihaianhem
TrnhKimvNguynHong.MuthunCnvNhususcnhaianhemxicingCnlaorngctcachtranhnhaulm
ngtrngnhChuBngLnhnitrongtcphm"ngCnLao".CnLaominTrungNgnhCnkhcviCnLaominNamNgnh
Nhu.ThhnnhauntrongNam,ngNhuthnhlpThanhNinCngHothngoiTrung,ngCnthnhlpThanhNinCchMng.Thhn
nhaunvNhulpPhongTroLiniPhNvKNhiVin,thticctnhMinTrung,vNhuphinhTngthngDimnhiulnnnnvi
ngCn,ngCnmichpthunchohotng.ngCncngirtnhiucnbvoNamchuringnhngtuynblgipngNhu,c
bitlnhngtaychnrutthtcangCnnhLQuangTung,NguynvnChu,DngvnHiu,NguynCaoThng,NguynnhCn,...thm
ngNhuvnkhnguingTrnKimTuynthayngicangCnnhngCnthngihi.
TuyvchngNhukhinhbngCnqumadtntvcmtcngiemrutbngbnhkhngchuphctngmnhlnhcamnh,nhngngNhu
vnkhnglmsaosuygimnhhngvscmnhcangCnvngCncmttchcCnLaoCngGiokhmnhminTrungvis
huthunclccahaiGimmcPhmNgcChi,CaoVnLun,vttccclinhmccctnh,ccho.th,nhngcnbccngvi
chkhingDimchanmcchnhquyn,huhtulngiminTrungvnquenbitvhotngvingCn,trongkhicnbcang
NhuaslilngiminBcvchmithcstrungthnhvichsaukhidicvoNamnm1954.
Thcvy,khingDimchavnc,tiSiGnngNgnhNhucmtsbnthnnhccngTrnQucBu,BiKinTn,TrnNgcLin,...
nhnghlikhngphilcnb.Lc,thtsngNhuchchaingicngsvinthntnlngLaLamvngCaoXunV,mngCn
tngnhgiLamltay"nho"chbitvitlchchtnh,cnVltaychibikhngcuytng.
CnhncnhngmuthunxungkhcgianhnganhemngDimtamithyvhiuctisaoccchnhschcaqucgiabtlitv
bkchphtlcmikhaisinh,tisaobmycngquynbsuynhcvblngonngaycvonhngnmvngvngcach,vnhtlti
saotncbchianmxbythnhnhngvngnhhngkhcnhau.Phnhovatheochiungang,nghaltheovngadhoctheolnh
vcsinhhot,vatheochiudc,nghaltheohthnglnhovbphnthihnh.
Vbnchtcanhngmuthunnylquynli,quynlcvnhtlctnhcatngcnhnanhemngDimvphnbiuhincanhngmu
thunnylnhngthctcthnhtinbc,chctc,danhvng,tisnnntlu,tuycgngcheduduytrcibngoinhophongnnp
camtgianhvngtc,nhnganhemngDimvnkhngthnokmchhoclmsuygimcnhngtnhcmhnhcvnhngthon
nhphnhaumcngngychnhccnhnsthahnhcungtnvvkcnglikohvotnhtrngkhngthdungthnhaucna.
ChonnchuynnphinngvounmQuMo(1963)limtlnna,bohiusrnntkhngtrnhccagianhhNg,
mcnglcachDim.
Thtvy,trongsnhngmuthunckhotmilinhcaanhemngDimthmuthungiangNhuvngCnltrmtrngnht.Chon
unm1963,vakhngnnniscngphnivivchngNgnhNhucna,vavbngThccpmtnhiuquynlicth
314/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
unm1963,vakhngnnniscngphnivivchngNgnhNhucna,vavbngThccpmtnhiuquynlicth
quantrng,ngCnbndngckbiulsbtmncamnh.ngCnquytnhbngycngkchangvongymngBaTtQu
Mo.HnhngctnhcchphnkhngliulnhlmthnhngvtinkhonghuivigianhhNglcbygi.Tkhinmcchnh
quyn,ngykcacNgnhKhtrthnhmtngyhtsctrngi,ngygianhhNgbiudngcikhngkh"thgiavngtc",
ngykhoekhoangcitinhthnnhophong"nhnsinhbchtuhiuvitin"chongvilnghacathnhhin.NgycngkcNgnhKhli
ngvongymngBaTt,ldpchuconsumhpy,anhemtmqunnhngxuxginhgit,tmqunsnggitronggianhhu
biudngcitnhmumchocncbit.
CtrangymngMtTt,saukhinhnlchctngunmcanhnvinchnhphvngoigiaoontiphTngthnglngDimbayv
Humngtuim,thmmchaanh,rili3ngythamdbuicngkPhthncngvigianh,quyqunbncnhmtrongmyngy
xun.NgykcNgnhKhcngldpminmmtln,gianhTngthngDimcdpthtinhnvinthntntSiGnrahaytcc
tnhv,ngthiingnhngnginghngququntnhQungBnhtronghi"QungBnhtngt"mmcchltimchobc
honhphimangbnchYCmHiHngthmvngsonhoagm.
VingNgnhCnthvicnuidngmcngnhvickgicha,mtkhacnhno,cdngnhmtlikhlpcngvianhem
chonnkhnglyglmlkhittQuMonm1963,ngliulnhbkChachomphibunlng,anhemmangtibthiu,gianh
mtmtviqucdn.ngCntngdngckbtchtanhemchothonicmphnutccamnhngthiymtrchonhngihi
mi.KhngngnggpphiphnngcakithsmtcanglbNhu,nginbmanghndanhl"RngCi",khngnsmtaik
ccharut,kcchng,kcnganhchnglmtTngthng,kccGioHongPhaoLLc.
MngMtTtvnHuvbitcvicbkchalmtqukcalnhchaminTrung,NhtPhunhnbnhuyngbibp,binhsv
trngdnghaiphicDC3caKhngqunmangchnbtntSiGnraHu,richthnnmlyvictchccngkviukhinvic
ingkhchkha.ThythoncamnhbhogiimtcchddngnntrongbangyTt,ngCnlintipgygkhiukhch,civtoting
novichdu...Khngbitlmcchnohnchogianhynm,ngDimnhmcuchpbmttronggianhngaytiPhCamdnxp
nib.Khngaibitnidungvktqucuchpclysngginy,nhngsaunhngCnhunhhoang,ngitamibitthmnhiuchi
titkhcvbitngCnthucmtthnglitolnlngNhubnglnguiTrnKimTuynkhiavGimcSNghinCuChnhTr
thaythbngngicangCn.TinnvnhngngvinthaythngTuynlcuTnhtrngNguynVnng,llutsLTrngQut,l
HongBVinhmngheuHongBVinhlngvincimcaonhtdVinhlngiBcdic.VyHongBVinhlaimltcvomt
xanhcangNgnhCn?
TicnphinuthnhtchvsnghipcangHongBVinhvtronglcngnycnhNgtnnhimvtrngdngthngLQuangLut,
mttrthcCnggiocastrthcvchnhkhchminNamqumn,nhnglibdndicCnggiovgianhhNgphnbi,trthnh
ngibtcchchonkhitrthithcuicng.
TrckhiVitMinhcpchnhquynnm1945,ngiCnggioVitNamkhngmyaihotngchnhtrcngnhkhngmyaihotngng
phichngthcdnvtriunhphongkin,ngoitrngDimlnhophongtrochngPhpchngBoitiminTrungnghchoK
NgoiHuCngthiquniNhtchimngngDng.NhngiasonvintrongphongtronylikhngphilCnggio.
S d di ch Bo h Php, ngi Cng gio khng my ai hot ng chnh tr hay cch mng v h c an phn, v h l ngi ca Hi
TruynGioPhpnghalngicathcdnPhp,khnglhhotngchnglimtnncaitrangbovuythvquynlichoh.Khng
lconcihotngchnglicham.NgaycvingDim,nungiPhpchongcnhiuquynhnhnhngihithchcchn
ngkhngtchcThngThBLitchngliBohvNamtriu.ngNguynHuBicngccmtnhviKNgoiHuCng
mvnlmquantrungthnhviPhpchongilmtchngminh.
315/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
mvnlmquantrungthnhviPhpchongilmtchngminh.
lsthtvcngchuaxtcncnira.Hycbi"HihcangboThinChagio"trongcun"HiHnhm"caToannhthr.
(SiGn1969,tixutbntiOrangeCountry,HoaKnm1987,tr.285294).BitngthutmtmtcucilcaGioHiCnggioVit
NamcdinratiPhtDimngy3thngchpnm1940,khiquniNhtchimngngDng,khiPhpthuatrntiuChuv
ngDngbclp.
BuiilctdiquynchtocavchngtrmthcdntingDnglTonquynDecoux,mtsquanchccaocpPhpvnhng
quanlitaysaicaPhp.Trongbuil,DecouxvGiohiCnggioVitNamtnvinhclinhmcTrnLc(ngicng5000giodn
gipPhpnhphvtrithchinkhuBanhcaanhhngCnVnginhCngTrng)l"Namtc",l"Quccng",l"anhhng".Cng
trongbuil,GimmcNguynBTng,nginguGiohiVitNamlcbygicatngDecouxbovcngDngchothcdn
Php,tnvinhncPhplMuquc.DecouxgnBcubitinhchoNguynBTng.NhcPhp,quckPhpvbinhsPhpdnchobui
il.
Thtlrrng:tronglcttcngphiqucgia,cctngio,ccnhyuncangmthmhaycngkhaixthnhotngcchmnglt
nnthcdnhdnhclpchoncnh,thringGiohiCnggioVitNamvnmchnngiPhpgipPhpkodinnBoh.
TsaukhiVitMnihcpchnhquynvbitngHChMinhlmtlnhtCngSn,cChaLHuTvitthlunlulnnVitMinh,ngi
CnggioVitNamminBcbntchc"LinonCngGio"vchoraitbo"HnCngGio"lmcquanngnlunhotngchnhtr.
NhngngisnglpLinonCngGioutinlccngNguynMnhH,mtBtrngcaVitMinh,vngMaiNgcLiu,mthcgiv
mthuynhtrngHngo,saucthmccngLVnvPhmMnhKhim...SthtthnhmngMaiNgcLiumundngLinon
CngGionhmtlclnghuthnchngliCngSnvthn.CnngNguynMnhHthmunlikhiCngGioVitNamnghcho
MtTrnVitMinhvngHChMinh.
Nhngchmtthigianngn,vchintranhPhpVitxyra,tnhhnhminBcrirm,LinonCngGiomthmtanr.Chonkhiquni
PhpchimcHNivmtstnhminBc,tronggiiCnggioclinirngPhpsmicuHongBoichpchnhvngNg
nhDimsgichcThtng,ngiCnggiominBcmidnhlpngchnhtrlmhuthunchongDim.HthnhlpngCng
GioXHimnhngsnglpvinlccngHongBVinh,MaiNgcLiu,NguynVnNon,NguynnhChiu,VVnCng,v.v...
ngvinCngGioXHichtonngiCnggio,cbittiNamnh,ThiBnh,NinhBnh.Mtthigiansau,khingcngLQuang
LutlnhothitnthnhPhongTroDnChngLinHip.LdoitnnglvngLutlmtngvinDuyDnkotheovchong
cvingvinDuyDn,vvcnhngngikhngCnggiogianhpvokhuvcttrPhtDimcacChaLHuT,inhnhnhng
PhmXunChiuchnghn.NhnvthotngtchccchongvchongNgnhDimlngHongBVinh.
Trc1945,ngHongBVinhitunhngsaukhiVitMinhcpcchnhquyn,ngVinhbnbchngvin,bThnhkinh,bochngen,
nghalblilnthinnggnnhttheoichnhtr,chytheotinbcvitnh,dnthnvoconngtrnaitclu.Tngitagi
ngVinhl"GiVinh"vtnCnggiodngting"Gi"chnhngngituxutdVinhvncntr.Nhhotngchnhtr,ngVinhtchc
mtonthuynbunlungcxuigiahaicabThanhHovHiPhng,lyPhtDimlvnggchnigiavngTvvngVitMinh.Nhiu
thnggiatrongcngMaiVnHm(saunycngDimnnchogichcistiThiLan)chungvnchoGiVinhibunlu.Ti
HNi,nhmtslinhmcbom,ngVinhmnccnnhcangTrnVnChng(thnphcabNhu)tingHngClmnihi
hplinlc.Cngtiy,ngVinhgpcccngLQuangLut,oVn(emrcaLut),NguynVnTnh(tcTrungtNguynVnChu),
NguyncChiu,MaiVnToan,oHuThnh,NguynNgcTu,...HcnghotngchoPhongTroLinHipDnChngmLQuangLut
llnhthotngnghchongDimvngNhu.
316/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
llnhthotngnghchongDimvngNhu.
Lcu,nhmDnChngLinHipcnonktgipnhautrongtnhngch,ngonhngtnm1949tri,khi"ngcchmng"r
quanglidanhthhbtuchiarnibnhphnhau,mnguynnhnlthonphnhonibcaGiVinhtrongkhochchiatr,v
GiVinhmunboquntinbclmcaring.GiVinhkhngcngipchoanhemnhtrcnamcdGiVinhcrtnhiutinnhbn
thucTychoVitMinhLinKhuT.NibphnhonngnnngoVn,TrngTyCngAnPhtDimccungcptintcy
ddngbtGiVinhvtitiptchoVitMinh.T,nhmLQuangLutvnhmHongBVinhtrthnhkthkhngitrichung.th,
mtyutkhcngllmchohonktthlixntthmcilinhipmongmanhltronglchainhmLutvVinhnghchongDimth
cChaLHuTvLinhmcHongQunhliccmtnhvnghQuctrngBoichonnnnm1949,khiQuctrngBoiv
ncchpchnhthcChabnemkhuttrPhtDimstnhpvocngngqucgianhhikLeDragond'AnnamcangBoik.
Ngoira,iaslinhmcvgiodnphnvkhngcnhyvngngDimlmThtngna,phnvchtintngvdavothlcquni
vinchinhPhpnnPhongTroLinHipDnChngbchiarvsuyyudn.
CnphinirthmrngnhiuschbocangiMcngnhcunNhngbnvcichtcaVitNamCngHocangPhmKimVinh,cl
davonhngdkintrnydomtsthuchngDimklichorngngDimtngllnhtcaMtTrnQucGiaLinHiptiHu.
SthtthngDimkhngbaogillnhtcaPhongTroDnChngLinHiptiBcVitcngnhkhngbaogillnhtcaMtTrnQuc
GiaLinHiptiHuvndongTrnThanhtlnho,mMtTrnnycnlmttchcilpvingNgnhDimvngTrnVnL.
PhongTroDnChngLinHipdongLQuangLutlnhocmcchchngCngridndnnghngDimchngDimchabaogi
ngratrctiptchcvlnhomtPhongTro,mtMtTrnnoc.
Sut c cuc i chnh tr ca ng Dim, ng ch c mt ln lnh o PhongTro ng h K Ngoi Hu Cng thi qun i Nht chim ng
Dng,nhngPhongtrokhngctchcchthng,cniquy,ccnglnh,sinhhot,hunluynnhmtngcchmng.Vtsau
khicngHChMinhtrtdotrvSiGn,ngDimcthamgiavomttchcchnhtrcgilMtTrnQucGiadobcsLVn
HochlnhosaukhingHochtchcThtngNamKQuc,nhngmttrnnycngkhngsngcbaolu.MtvtrcangDim
trongMtTrnny,PierreDabeziestrongForcesPolitiquesauVietnamnirng:"LnutinvlncnhtngDimranhpmtngchnhtr
mngtakhngphilngisnglp"21.
Nm1954,khingDimcvuaBoiclmThtng,ngLQuangLutcngNgnhNhuciPhpvingTrnChnhThnh
cngiphtchongDim,nhLuttrthcvgiitingPhpnncnquaParisvitdinvnbngtingPhpchongDim.KhingDimv
ncthccngNgnhLuyn,TrnChnhThnhvLQuangLutcngvtheo.
Vnc,ngLQuangLutcngDimclmBtrngBThngTinrisaulicLutraHNilmibiuchnhph.Lcmiv,ng
Dimtngcthchnglivicchiaitnc,nghalchnglihipcGenvedoVitMinhvPhpkktnnngDimmichothnhlp
UBanBovBcVitvgiaochongHongCBnhlmchtch,ngTrnTrungDunglmpht.NhngPhpkhngchuvbtngDimthc
thingnhocGenvennngDimnhphithaydanhtUBanBoVBcVitthnhraiBiuChnhPhtiBcVit,vemhaing
HongCBnhvTrnTrungDungvoNam.Vth,ngLQuangLut,vncnhiucnbCnggio,cngDimclmibiuChnhPh
thaychongHongCBnh.
TronglcngLutcnmnhngchcvcaocpquantrngtrongchnhphthGiVinhlil"UVinTrungngngCnLao",cnhTngb
thNgnhNhu,ctrchXuBcVit.Mangsnmithc,liganhtchcibiuChnhphcangLut,GiVinhvnhmHcMinh
(cnglUvinTrungUngngCnLao)xuyntc,vukhngngLQuangLutvingDim,ngNhuvdngtnhtboNgnLuncang
NguynThanhHongnhphngLutquamtskhuytimcacngsvincaLuttiBcVit.TbonybinhvhngLut
317/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NguynThanhHongnhphngLutquamtskhuytimcacngsvincaLuttiBcVit.TbonybinhvhngLut
xungtntbn.
TheoquynhcahipcGenve,ngy1851955,sauhnk300ngycachnhquynqucgiatiBcVit,ngLutxungtu"VilledeHi
Phng"caPhpmangtheomthptphlquckvothminNamdnminNamlunimnhthngttHngVng.Chichp
ngtcdnchngSiGnntiplongtrngrilmltiThoCmVin.
Cucdic1954catrn800.000ngbocthchinlnhphngtincaPhpvM.Saukhihontt,ngDimccthgiitdoca
nginhngkhngaithmnhcnhncitnLQuangLutlngicrtnhiusngkinchnhtrxutsc,lilngiCnggio,nn
khnkhotchcchocucdicdngonhngvntrtt,emc650.000ngiCnggiominBcvoNamlmchlcchongDim
sauny.Nhnghii!KhivoNamrithbaonhiucnglaocangLutchocucdicvtmnhittnhcangLutiviquhngdntc
ubnhmCnLaoCngGiovanhemngDimphnhnht.ngLutbngDimkhinhbcvphphngnnitmtchinsquc
gia,mttrthcchnchnhmnglchphitrngdng,ngLuttrthnhmtngithtchilpch.TngLuttrvsngcuc
ibnbch,chonchtvnkhnglpgianh,vylmnnuichagi.Nm1960,ngLuttchccthamgianhmCaravelle,ratuynngn
lnnchNgnhDimnhtitrnhbytrongmtchngtrc.
TivnchbitmkhngquenngLQuangLut,nhngsaukhiltchDim,mtnhmbnngi,haiCnggiovhaiPhtgio,tuy
nhngvthkhcnhaunhnglicngchungchhng,gpgtivtrnnbnchthitcatichonngynay.llutsLQuangLut,
hcgiMaiNgcLiu(hinCalifornia),nhbotntuiVNgcCc(ngvincaocpcaVitNamQucDnng),vlutstrTrnThanh
Hip(hinParis),mtnhvntntuiynhittnh,nhithuyttrongcchotngvnhovchnhtr.LcbygitilUvinChnhtrcaHi
ngQunNhnCchMng,licbnnhnvtkiachorngdichDim,chngnhngti"gnbnmchnghitanhmibn"licnhay
gipccnhnvtngphibhonnnnnhmungiptihotngchnhtrtrongtnch.HchoxutbnnhtboDnChvinh
danhcuccchmngngy1111963vtranhuihiHingCchMngthitlpmtchdnchthchinionktqucgiahu
cuvntnhhnhchinthngCngSn.
Nhngrivnhngxotrnchnhtrlintipxyrasaunntivhusmvounm1965,dvybnnhnvtkiavngimitnhtrik,vn
thngluitiviti,cbitlLQuangLut.AnhbncngviclutsBinHonhngmithnganhvnnnhtitnhtviln.Milnnh
thhaichngtilingivinhaulunbnchuynngTyKimCnbn,nmtingngh.iuqunhtlkhngcTtnomngymng
HaianhlikhngnchcTtti.Clnanhkhentilngithchcchuyncnnthmnhunttngcangixa,bitbtnhring
theonghaln,bithinihoquannimhiuchtrungvidnvinchnltrungvich,vilnht.Timngthmnghrng"Ting
nBNhathuctaiTK".
ThiNguynVnThiu,LutrangcDnbiutiBinHo,thyvngvosphiucactriCnggiodicHNai,nhngLutthtc.Gp
ti,khirummmivtmsdtdo,Lutkhnggicvbnhtnhmthmchu,anhnnglinguynraccnglinhmcHNai
manhchorngbnngivongnbingha.
NhngnmcuicngcaminNam,titnglnganhnguilnh,khngngmthmanhnthmtivbotisosnhconngiNgnh
DimvconngiDngVnMinh.Khnghiuanhdnhgnntinithng:"DngVnMinhyunc,chngPhpvchngCngnhng
khngccihuynthoitquancaNgnhDim,dnm1953thicnlmTrungt,tuyctngHinhcraNhaTranglmTlnhphnkhu
DuynHi,DngVnMinhcngtkhc,thbgiingchkhngchutmnhdiquynchhuycamtvinitngiPhp.DngVn
MinhkhngtrthcnhngNhunhngvphongvlngchnthnhthMinhhnhnanhemngDim.VhuthunthanhemngDimc
khiCnggiodicvkhiCnggiominTrung,cnDngVnMinhthcPhtgiovasngi"NamK"kcslnngiCnggiovtr
thc.HuhtngiCaoinghDngVnMinh,cnHaHothcnhmcaPhanBCmvanhmcaNguynGicNgc".Tiphntch
318/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thc.HuhtngiCaoinghDngVnMinh,cnHaHothcnhmcaPhanBCmvanhmcaNguynGicNgc".Tiphntch
xong,Luttrmngmmtltrittnni:"TisnghDngVnMinhchngNguynVnThiuvtponCnLaochungquanhThiu.Hin
tnhtnccncndnKakihndnchnhkhch,vlikhngcgmvcthmnhtmdngovivy".AnhrtihotngchongDngVn
Minhnhngtitchivchnngychnhtr,vvtibunngMinhralnhhstngDimmcdtihtlngphni.
TicngchoanhbittnhhnhtnchinnaydcThnhcngkhngtinocuvnni,trcsauriminNamcngrivotayCngSnH
Ni.Tinhcliquanimanhnhrngvonm1969,saubincTtMuThn,TngdiuhuWestmorelandbmtchc,phongtrophn
chintiMlnncao,dnMphnhonngn,TngthngJohnsongithchongHChMinhxinnghho,tivittrnboSngmt
biphntchlnggitnhhnhbongvingbo:"iphngangtinquntrnkhpccnochintrng,bnngminhangtmk
cuhovich,minNamsrivotayCngSn"(bitivitnm1969trntboSngcaChuTcnhiuanhemtrongLcLngDn
TcVitbitr.HThRuyt,LiNguynrtbunkhngtinvolitinoncatimcdRuytclngitil"TiuKhngMinh"trnt
boQutKhidoNguynTrngNholmchnhim).
ThrisunmsauminNammttht,tiaubunraicnLQuangLutvVNgcCcliquhng.Nm1983,MaiNgcLiunthm
tivchobitLutvCcuchtuthntiqunhdichcticaCngSn.VitlinhngknimviLQuangLutvVNgc
Cc,ticaonhngdngchmcmcnysncdimtnhngngirutthtcahaianhrikhinoquvnchahaynhthcu
nguynchohaianh,xinchoticdngnnhnglngkhcnhngngibntrikkhut,nhngngibntriktngcmthngnimtms
camt"hipkhchdmvckimsangTn".
SaukhinhbtcngLQuangLutri,ngHongBVinhcngNgnhNhubotrlmDnbiugian.KhaithctiachcvU
vinTrungngngCnLao,davocithDnbiutaychnclccach,GiVinhbnphttrinhotngtrongnhiulnhvckinh
doanhkhpminNam,kccphntrongcngtyNngSnchuyntinrangoiquc.SaungyltchDim,nhskhoanhngca
tngTrnvnMinh,ChtchUBaniuTraTiSnnhNgvCnLao,GiVinhthotnnbntrnquaPhpsngvnggichonngynay
bncnhgianhvcPhptchttrc.
LngiminBc,lilthuchcangNgnhNhu,tisaoVinhliltcvomtxanhcangNgnhCncchnlmngvin
thayngTrnKimTuyn?lnhstrngbitnhchaica:tronglcVinhphcvchongNgnhNhu,ylicnhiucskinhdoanhti
NhaTrang,CN,CamRanh,QungNam,vnnmtronglnhatrchnhimcabancVCngTcMinTrungcangCn,chonnGiVinh
tlt,nnhbngCnctnnhim.
Tuynhin,tronglcngNgnhNhuvncnphnvntrhonchathayngTrnKimTuynthbincPhtgioxyra,tnhhnhtrnncp
bchnnttcanhemnhNguphitmonktymtrvchngNgnhNhuhuiphvikthchunglPhtgiomtmqun
nhngmuthunnibcagianh.Vvy,khiuingTuynilmTnglnhsAiCp,ngithayngTuynkhngaihnlngTrnvn
Khim,emrutcabNhu,mtnhnvtmnhiungnghipcangtatchohndanhl"Lutskhng"vtnhtnhbtthng,mkgi
KarnowtrongVietnam,aTelevisionHistorygilPlayboyvylngingimchibilichuyndathcachrutlmtinccthnggia
giuc.
o0o
NitmlibangyTtQuMonmnglphilnhngngymmhothuncagianhnXunsangthtrongnginhPhCam
Hu,thlilnhngngygingbongngstkhcatranhchpvthohip.
Trctnhtrngxuxcagianh,chcngDimlngiphinlykhtmnht.KhuyncanngNgnhThcth"cChagindibv
319/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trctnhtrngxuxcagianh,chcngDimlngiphinlykhtmnht.KhuyncanngNgnhThcth"cChagindibv
Vnh Long" nh hi k ca tu vin Th vit, trch mc ng Ng nh Nhu th "C vn gin ly b ln Lt nm c tun l" nh tc phm
"NhngNgyChaQun"caonThmni,cannganemdulisNhtPhuNhnhnhctuynbbabilmmtththngqucgiav
danhdgianhnhkgiKarnowtrnhby,tthibunbcvichCnthlnhchaminTrungphnb"ccanhsngquri,choti
sngtxuvich..."nhThk.
Trccnhanhemrutthtxungtxuxnhaunhth,ngDimbunlm.Bunmnhchugmnhmninctronglngchonncln
nHu,ngchomingicnbtrungkinlngVNhNguynntidinhPhCamngtmsmongNguynchiasningcayving
mtphnno.
Khnnisnhunhc,chulycangDimivianhemnglilnguynnhnanssuyspqucgiamhaibincunmQuMol
thmbiqunspBcvthmtrngxuxtronggianh,lmchonhndnhontonmthttintngnianhemngDim,nichng
Dim.Haibinc,mt(vpBc)lmchodlunHoaKcngphn,mt(vgianhxungt)lmchonhndnVitNamkhinhb,
nggpphnnovosspcachDimvocuinm1963,khicuctranhuchnhngcaPhtgiobngnlmrungchuynqu
hng.
Vphnti,TtQuMotiSiGnchonnmicthngsautimithulmcytintcvvngNgnhCnbkcNgnh
KhvstranhchptrmtrngtronggianhngDimtiHu.Nhnhngaitnggiaoduvitiubittilkththcquma,lictm
hnbothtnc,tinvothuytmcnhnqu,nnkhictingianhhNgxungtnngngiangykcha,giangyNguynn,ti
cmthyciphcvncanhhNgnlcsuytnnhtricychnmcchchngyrirng.TicngthngngDimhndngc
qunhiunhcim,vdmagiphphngmanhemngtavcnbCnLaolintcxunguti.
TngyngDimcmquynnnaysutchnnmtri,milngianhhNgcllctiHul"triuthnvnv"hunhkhngthiumtai.
ChmtmnhTngGimMcNgnhThckhicnVnhLongmDnbiu,Tnhtrng,BtrngnmnpkonhaunchuhucCha
nhngNgnhNhuni,thhunggtiHu,cshindincatonthanhemngDim.ChinhngsquantrongBThammucaS
on7(lcHunhvnCaochhuy)angngBinHothbit:BCL,emTngthngDimchtmngCaolixeJeepsutcmraHu
dngvnghoathbitvnvtriuthnCnLaoCngGiomuncanhemngDimthymttrongngytt,ngyktiPhCamnhth
no.
TrongsnhngsquancaocptiSiGn,chcmtstnglnhclimsnhDngvnMinh,PhmXunChiu,NguynNgcL,v.v...l
khngbaogicmt.Cntithchthamdmtlnvonm1955nhndpmtangcangNgnhKhivnm1958,khiPhpv,craHu
thmngCnmtln.TtikhngbaogivHunachominnm1964,saukhiltchDim,timitrlithmvingC.
Trckia,nm1948nnm1952,chcmtnhmnhanhemchngticvomngBattlirnhaulnPhCammngtuicCthnmu
cangDim,quanhthlmlcuhnchocNgnhKh,nnghatrangthmm,rivnhNgnhCnthpncm.Lcbygi,nhm
chngticmyaiu,quanhiqunlichclinhmcNguynvnThnh,ccngVNhNguyn,NguynnDuyn,TrnvnHng,Hunh
HuTin,vnhngsquannhPhngNgcTrng,NguynVinh,vti.NgaitrlinhmcNguynvnThnh,myanhemtiulngitheoo
Pht.Lcbygi,caidmnnhngNgnhCn,emrutcangNgnhDim,hihpuvhusThhinPhanvnGio,
smtthmTytheod.Tnm1952tri,ngykcKhmicthmmyngCnggionhTrngvnHu,PhmvnNhu,Nguynvn
ng,TnThtTrch,vlcbygingNgnhNhuramtcngkhaihotngchnhtrtiSiGn,vtntuingDimcnhcnhti
HoaK.Tuyvy,sut7,8nmtrikhingDimcnlmkluvongithi,noaithybngdngcanhngNguynCaoThng,NguynTrn,
HunhvnCao,NguynnhCn,LTrngQut,HThcLuyn,HNhChi...dhngaytiHuvkhngbnrntrongbangyTt.Nhng
mtkhingDimcquyn,cth,cli,cdanhrithtunchaynotinhngNgnhCnhcngucmt.Thtctanhtao,
320/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
mtkhingDimcquyn,cth,cli,cdanhrithtunchaynotinhngNgnhCnhcngucmt.Thtctanhtao,
ruinuucnglchuynthngtnhcathibuilonly.
TicnnhthikanhemngDimbnbchthtth(1948n1952),nginhPhCamsaommcnglthng.Anhemchngtichc7,8
ngithnmt,quyqunvinhau,bacmcngkcngmbc,chacthtquayymm,nemchtrndavhoachathm,rucha
nngmnhiynvimvcaolng.CphithkhngngnhnhoVNhNguyncatii!
Trongnhngnm,chngticngkhngthymtngThc,Dim,vchngNgnhNhudlcbygihSiGn,VnhLonghayLtc
thddngvHuquytdimimgianhchcttmgi,kchavnmngXunmininginhcaphthnli,nhnhng
ngidnVitngniilmnxaxi,Ttnhtvnlovvigianhthpnnnhangnibnthtint.NhngsgiahoiNgnhCaovn
Lun,CaoThDung...vitschsuytnanhemnhhNglocnhophong,lthgiavngtcthmctnhduithisngphntruyn
thngdntc,phnphonghomunicachang.RrnganhemngDimquannimphinnVngB,phiphquvnton,thTt
nht,cngkhmichucngnhausumhpbinnginhvnglngngyxathnhninhmrnrptngbng.Cnhnnhngtmhnh
ngyTtcngtitrnccbouMcmtanhem,bcchu,durbnqucphcchnhtokhnlngly,quyqunchungquanh
"ThiT",kngvngtayngiqutrnthmcngthycuni"phqusinhlngha"cathnhhinmunikhngsai.Mlnghag
nukhngphilthlnghamgitrchnmtrnphnhnhthccanhngtmonmvngvtmthmtriknhkiu.
Chnnmri,tsaukhiCuHongBoibngNgnhDimtrutph,thnhquchni,niNgsngHngltmuvnggi,nhng
cnhvngsonhoagmtronggianhngDimtiPhCamthanggylicikhngkhtriunhvuachaniC.Ticthay,XunviTtnm
nay,botctnhcthibaymtlpbivnggigitochcnlinhngtmthngtrtrncamtgianh,mtchangnhi
suyvi.
o0o
SauTtnm,ngDimtrliSiGnvirtnhiutmsngnngang.CngthngBanm,tinhnclimicaBQucPhngHoaK
thchinmtchuynvingthmcccsanninhvqucphngcah.
Ticnnhnm1960,phibqunsHoaKtiVitNamtngmitiithmtrngtnhbolnnhtcalclngHoaKtingvThi
BnhDngtrnoOkinawacaNhtBn(nicsquancaPhngNhvAnNinhQuniVitNamthhun),nhngngDimkhngchoti
i.Trili,nm1961,trongkhitiangbniutrav"phnlonNhyD"thngDimlichotiiiLoanvivingDim,cnghenii
Loanmilngvalm.Nm,phioncngduiLoandotngNguynKhnhcmuvchngticdpvingthmxiLoan,k
chaioKimMnvMT,bitcnhiutchcbmtqunscaqucgiangminhthnthitnht.NgoingTngKinhQuc,chnh
phvtnglnhTrungHoatipihtscnnghu,chngticncTngThngChthtiringtitdinhhtscthnmtvtraoi
nhiukinhnghimquacuciutranhcamgogiankhcaC.
TicnnhvoNm1962,tilicphibqunsHoaKtiSiGnmiithmHoaK.ngWilliamColby,gimcCIAngNamvVit
Nam,ngibnMthnthitvnthnggipkthutvdngciutrachocquancati,thngcngtitholunvtnhhnhVitNam,
cngkhuyntinnvingthmHoaKmtchuynnhngngDimcngkhngchoi,clvvnmbomdinhcLpgychongnhiuxc
ng.MichonthngBanmnay,BQucphngMliminavtiphihtlithuytphcngDimmibnglngchotii.
TicmumtphiongmcTrungtTnThtHng,PhtTrngphngNhBTngthammu,TrungtNguynvnKnh,ChnhsPhn
ginAnNinhQuni,haiThiutDngvnKhuynvTrnNhNgc,viuNguynnhNghlmthngdchvin(basquansaunyhin
sngtiHoaK).ChngtilnngvouthngTvdnhvingthmHoaKtrongvngmtthng.Rai,timangtheomtstranhsn
321/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
sngtiHoaK).ChngtilnngvouthngTvdnhvingthmHoaKtrongvngmtthng.Rai,timangtheomtstranhsn
mirtptngchoccnv,cccsquniHoaK,nhngnimtisnthm.lnhngbctranhmanghnhnhquhng:Cnh
chaThinMbngingsngHngthmng,cnhchaNonNcngsausngsngniHiVn,cnhbbinNhaTrangthpthongThp
Bcknh,cnhLt,HTin,VngTu,cnhSiGnmtmgiaothatinthLvnDuyt,cnhrungngbtngtvinhngtrchn
truthisothdiu...LcbygisqunnhnMsasonquaminNammingymtng,timunmnmtshnhnhduhincaqu
hngchongiMbitdntctivnhinhothmbCngSnHNigyhntonnlylon,chtchc.Ticngmunnhndpnycho
ngiMbitdntctivacvnhovachcthut,tuybnngnnmlchslbnngnnmqunsnhngtncchpthmvnhn
dnchyuchunghobnhthm.
Tichlmtit,chhuymtcquankhnglyglmquantrng,licnbngCn,ngNhuxemthng,bnhmCnLaothght,thm
quniHoaKlidnhchotimtcucntiptrangtrngvnhiuvinhd.ClhnghrngcquanAnNinhQuniVitNamcngccng
mt nhim v v quyn hn quan trng nh DIA (Defense IntelligenceAgency) ca B Quc phng Hoa K. n phi trng San Francisco, mt v
tngrantivbitphichotimtThiutbcsqunybitnitingPhpthnhtholmsquantuvinchotisutcthiktiM.
Ngyhmsau,tinvingBTlnhminTyncMvcvtngbasaovBthammucangthuyttrnhvvicphngthncM
phaThiBnhDng.Sau,tiithmtrngSinhngQuniMonterey,nirtngsquanHoaKangthhunkhoVitngcptc
inngylnngquaVitNam.NhiusquanMvuimngkhihdintcnvngvbngtingVitmchngticnghiuc.Ttcu
hnhoansungsngkhicchnhquaVitnamchinuchngCngSn.MtvinamngiosVitNammtikhngnhtnangdy
trngnycngtvcmngvkhngmykhihgpcmtphionnghngnthmtrng.
Haingysau,tinHoaThnhnmvicutinlthmvingCTrnvnChng,isVNCHtiHoaK.LthnphcabNhu,lilinh
chtchvichnhquynHoaKnnclChiurtnhhnhVitNam,vvyCchtipchotitheophpxgiaothngtnhmkhngtraoi
tintccngnhnhnnhvtnhhnhtnc.
Hmsau,phionnNgGicivcvitngChhuytrngngnhtnhboquniHoaKidinchnhthcBQucphngM
ntip.NhnghBQucphng,vitcchring,tivTrungtNguynvnChu,tuvinqunsVitNamtiM,nthmtngLansdale.
Lnutintimigpnhnvtkbny,nhngtibitchcrngngnmvngtiuscatiri.Tuychagpnglnnonhngnm1954,
tigphainhnvincangtidinhcLpdobcsBiKinTnsptticdpnichocquanCIAMtiSiGnbitrnglclng
quniphnkhuDuynHiquytlitchngingiPhpvtngHinhvibtcginonghThtngNgnhDim.
nthmtngLansdale,tirtddtvngylnnhncangDimvvngylngitongDimthnhTngthngnhtivit
trckia.NhngticngcbitkhiLansdaletgiVitNam,ngraivittcnibunticulovdkhuynngDimnnthchin
mtchdnchchoVitNamCngHamngDimkhngnghe,thngDimlicnthiuthuchungvingta.(NhvnPhpGeorge
Chaffarddavotcphm"bestseller"caDavidWisevThomasB.RossnivchgianhtrcangDimcngchobitrngvtngkb
EdwardLansdalekhngphinghDimviukin.LansdalenhnmnhviBNgoigiaoHoaklnuchDimkhngchucitinths
khngtrnhcmtcucochnh)22.Vth,nthmtngLansdaletimangmttmtrngbtrtvtilcngsvinthntncangDim
mchngDImlilchcti,thamnhng,phndnhinc,trivinguynvchtrngcaLansdale.Lmtnhnvtnmrt
vngtnhhnhVitNamlcbygi,nhtlsauvthmbipBc,nnLansdalertbiquanvkhngmunnichuynnhiuvtnhhnhchnhtrv
qunscaVitNamvimtngithntncaTngthngDim,mchnivphongcnhvdntnhcaVitNammngthttnhyumn.ng
khoevitinhngsnphmtiucngnghVitNammngtreokhptngtrongvnphngcang.Trckhitgi,tngLansdalenmcht
taytivnimtcurtkhhiu:"Dxanhngkhibncn,tivnsnsnggipbnvnhnvincaticnrtngtiSiGn."
Tihm,TrungtNguynvnChuvticngbTrnvnDnh,NhtThamvToisVitNamtiHoaThnhnmticthti.
322/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tihm,TrungtNguynvnChuvticngbTrnvnDnh,NhtThamvToisVitNamtiHoaThnhnmticthti.
DnhlemngTrnvnHng,mtngchcati.ChnhDnhlngivnngtinghquniNhttnm1942nhPhpdnhc
lpnnbitrcucivhngcati.Dnhchotilmtcnbtiba,cantrngvtrungkinnhtcaTngthngDimnnanhrtqumn
ti.Dnhlmtngithngminh,hotbt,amhiusurngnhiuvnquct,vtnggichcvTngGimcThngtinBoChcaVit
NamCngHa,nhngsauvchcTnglnhstiMinincnthithnnnTngthngDimcanhiRangoon.Tihmthtticti,
nhngnhnvtMcanhmihuhtlnhngnhnvttnhbocaocpcaHoaKtithHoaThnhn,trongccngbLansdale.
TinghrnghmngbnDnhcati"trngpht"tihnlmitidticvmtmnhtiphiipvihnhaimicpvchngngi
MvvnVitNammtilirtkmtingAnh.
Hmsau,phionithmmttrngtnhbocaLcQunHoaKgnBaltimore,cchthHoaThnhnkhongsumidm.yc
mtssquanMtngphcvtiNhaAnNinhQunivPhngNhcaVNCHnngptihmngrnhgplibnhin.Trongbuintra
tuylongtrngnhngythnmtnhshindincaccbvnhngsquanhunluyncanhtrng,vtnggiHoaKchobitnhngs
quantnhboHoaKquaVitNamphcvthulmcrtnhiukinhnghim,nhngngticrngtisaoMvintrchoVNCHrtnhiutrong
chnnmtrimVitNamvnchathngcCngSn.Cunicanglmchotibbngvcutrlithticmlikhngnirac.
Tihm,vliHoaThnhn,tivChuliphiidbuidyntiCulcbTnglnh.TivChulsquancpTmtihmlib
ltvogiamtrngsaovrnghuychngca40tnglnhMt2n4saomiqunbinhchngmangbinhphcil,ngcyhuy
chng,dchlmtbuitiptn.Tihm,ticngphivtvtrlinhiucuhihimhcvtnhhnhchinsVitNam,vtinhthn
binh s VNCH v v tnh trng i phng. Ti t ngh nu qun i VNCH chin thng c Cng Sn th y l c hi tt cho ti vinh d mang
chunginhxngi.Nhnghnaiht,tibitquniVitNamangchinbi,tnhhnhminNamangsuyspchonntiphiniquanhco,
phiemCngSnBcVitcNgavTugiprabochachociyukmcaqucgiamnh.Tiphini"phenokoditrnchin
thm5phtthpheslkchinthngcuicng",btchccunicamtdanhnhn(hnhnhThtngChurchill)ktthcbatictrc
khiravchokhingngngng.
Thtl"havnch"vngyhmsau,tiangnghngithvinThiutMsquantyvinthngbochobitcucthmvingtrngvbWest
PointphibibvBQucphngmuntithuyttrnhtiNgGicivpChinLc.Tilylmngcnhinvtinyvnkhngcghi
trongchngtrnhsinhhotclitkrttm.
Chngisnghmsau,phioncminNgGicitrongmtcnphngbmt,trangbnhngdngcghimvphthnhtitn,cahai
lpvbnngoiclnhcanhphngcnmt.MtchicbndidngchobuihpmmtbnlphionVitNamvbnkialsunhnvtM
mcthngphcvinhngtphsthtdy.Phngrngvntthtchchakhongnhsngchobnhpcachngti.Titnghthm"Vic
gmhtchcqutrangtrng,cnmtnnhthny?"nnralnhchoccsquantrongphionkhngaicphtbiugcmchmt
mnhtiipvih.MttrongsunhnvtMgiithiuchotibiththuccccquantnhbokhcnhauvhchmunchtvntivmt
vncnhtl"sthnhbicapChinLctiminNamVitNam".TithtngcnhinvngiM,nhtlBQucphng,bitrtiVit
NamtikhngclinhgnvicthchinchngtrnhpChinLcc.HcngbitrngchnhngNgnhNhu,ngithcscmquyn
tiVitNam,milngichthnchhuyviukhintonbcngcucthchinpChinLcmngnnglnhngqucsch.Hcng
bitrngchnhphM,kcTngthngKennedy,theodithtstktqucachngtrnhpChinLc,vytisaohlicnbyracuchp
quantrngvbmtnychtvnti.
DsaotivntrabnhtnhvtuykhngctrchnhimgtrongchngtrnhpChinLcnhngtivnctheodisthchincan,tnhng
vicnnghnhthcnhnhngbithamlunctitriNhnTrDngsuiL,nictrungtmhunluyncccpqunnhnchnh,kcB
trng,Tnglnh,vtritlvchtrngcapChinLc,chonnhngphctrnhanninhcacccsaphngcaNhatiNgoira,
chnhticngcnthmnhiupchinlccanhiunitrctipnhgisthnhbican.TicngbitrngngNhutraogiithng
323/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chnhticngcnthmnhiupchinlccanhiunitrctipnhgisthnhbican.TicngbitrngngNhutraogiithng
chotnhNinhThunlmtnhgngmu,cngnhticngbitrngcnhiupchinlcbVitCngtncngnhpLmAnXuyn,p
MLngCuNgang,pLongMChngThinTilicngbitrngcmtbgignTrungLng(MTho)ttphnivicdi
nhcacabchochnhquynxydngpchinlcvngTrongmtchngtrc,tinirngpChinLclmtthtbinngn
ngaytronglngdnchng.Nhngtiy,khngltiliphphnnngnvicthchinvsthtbicamtkhochmchnhTngthngDim
cngtholmtqucschcthchinthngVitCngtinngthn,nhtlcngnhvovicxydngpchinlcmngddngxin
thmcnhiuvintrM.Dotrongsutbatingnghthaothaobttuyt,tichtrnhbynhngskintchccmkhngcpgn
nhngthtbinngncachngtrnh.Tinithtnhngkhngniht.
SaunykhivnctimibitrngcnhngquanimmuthunvsthnhbicachngtrnhpChinLccanhngngiM,n
nilmchoTngthngKennedyvntintngvochngtrnhpChinLcnythngVitCngcngphinghing.Nhngnhnvtcaocp
MnhisNolting,itngHarkins,hayngaycBtrngQucphngMacNamaravThtrngNgoigiaoHillsmanucangisthnh
cngcachngtrnhpChinLc.Vouthng7nm1962,BtrngQucphngRobertS.MacNamaratuynbvidnchngMrngng
tin tng vin tr M bt u to c s cn bng trong vic chng li Cng Sn ti min Nam, v hai thng trc , ng Roger Hillsman,Th
trngNgoigiaoM(ngisaunyquytltngDim),trongmtcucphngvnphbinkhpncMchobitvintrMemli"mt
nimtinmi"choNamVitNamsaukhi2.000pChinLccthchin23.
Trili,chnhRufusPhillip,vinchccaocpMcvnchochngtrnhpChinLctiVitNam,libongviTngthngKennedyvs
thtbihontoncachngtrnhpChinLc.ThicaPhilliplmtthivcngcanmvdmingclivikhuynhhnglc
quancattcmingi24.ChnhvsbtngkingiaccgiichcHoaKvktqucachngtrnhpchinlcnntionrngcc
cquantnhboMlidngvicticmttithHoaThnhnnhmtnhnchngsngnnmiccucthuyttrnhbtngtiNgGic
itrcmtsucquantnhboCIA,DIA,vidincaBNgoiGiao
VicticangichngtrnhpChinLctiNgGicigianm1963phtxutttnhcmmunbnhvcTngthngDimvgynimtin
ningiMgipminNamchngCng,nhnggnmtnmsau,nm1964,khigpccnhnvtMtiSiGnnhNgoitrngDeanRusk,
itngTaylor,CvnBundy,GimcCIAColby,tivnlylmngngngngvengihkhilicuchuynkhngycamnhmtnm
trcy.
Sauhnmttunlhihptictngmtnhc,trckhitgithHoaThnhn,tibnlidnghaingytrngcuicngithmnhng
thngcnh,nhngnibialng,trsQucHi,taBchcvtrmtdothuyntrndngsngPotomacsuynghvtngWashington
gn200nmtrcvtsngnyvnhthchinchnhschonktnnmuchonhngchinthnglpquc.Sau,tibayvmin
NamthmSonNhyD82tiFortBragg,thmFortBenning,cncHiqunSanDiego,thmkhuknghqucphng,nichtomybay
X20DynaSoarcachngtrnhTAV(TransAtmosphericVehicle)rimitrliSanFranciscoingyvnc.TiSanFrancisco,tichoccs
quantrongphionvthngSiGn,ringtiviyNgh,vinsquanthngdch,iiLoan.Trnltrnh,tidnhnghngiHngKngt
ngyriiiLoanthmmtstnglnhTrungHoaQucDnngtngnthuyttrnhchnhtrtiSiGn.
TiraivouthngTDnglchvodplPhcSinhvtrvVitNamvouthngTmlchvodplPhtn,tonnhngngyhiln
canhnloi.Khngngsngmng8thng5,cmtHongKongPostlnc,mtbntinngnlmchotikinhhong"TiHu,nigiophnca
TngGimmcNgnhThc,TngthngDimralnhcmPhtttreocnhnngyPhtncah,dnchngbiutnhphni,qunin
plmnhiungichtvbthng"cxong,tigiiyNghchchoanhtaxemontinriniviNgh:"ThnythchcaTngthng
Dimsspkhngcncchnocuvncna"
324/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TibnbdnhiiLoanvngayngyhmsaulnngvnc.VnSiGntivotrnhdinTngthngngay,nhngtikhngcn
nhncnci,lihihanngtngomdunivthycatinhnhnglntrctiixavna.Tichthynhngntbnkhoanlolnghin
ranikhunmtcangnhnhngchuynngcacngingtbobngangnngtrnquhng
Tlu,tivalinhcmvachngkinnhnggitncbtcng,nhnggitnccti,nhnggitncthamnhng,nhnggitncpbc,
nhnggitnclmquyn,nhnggitnckth,nhnggitncbtngha,nhnggitncvongn,nhnggitncquanli,nhnggitnc
chiar,nhnggitncphnha,nhnggitncbtlc,nhnggitnchimi.Ticngthynhnggitnclinhmc,nhnggitnc
CnLao,nhnggitncmtv,nhnggitncThanhNinCngHa,nhnggitncNgnhNhu,nhnggitncTrnLXun,nhnggit
ncNgnhThc,nhnggitncNgnhCn,nhnggitncNgnhLuyn,anglmtrnychiclychNgnhDim.Nhngti
khngnggitnccuicng,gitncoannghitlibtutchnhngNgnhDimkhiralnhcmtreocvongyPhtnychnh
schkthtngiosut8,9nmnhtiklnncaoimnbng.
Chnnmpungitaxungchotngiocamnhcvinhdanh,chongingocamnhcvinhthn,chocstngio
camnhcxycttrnnhngntcaccchachin,taitngiokhc.ChnnmlmmalmgitrnquhngminNamkttli
thnhquytnhoannghitychvonhngbccuicngcatl.
1 BulletindInformationsCatholiquesInternationales,EgliseduNordVietnam(s158ngy151261),tr.179.
2 Litacun"LchsoThinChatiVitNam"caKhmmngFr.Anl.Drapier,tr.3.
3 HistoriaNotreGuerredIndochine(s24nm1972),tr.54.
4 Vnthanh,LAutodfenseDesVillages,BaseDelaPacificationDuNord,trongOrientOccident(sthng1157)vBernardFall,VietnamWitness,
tr.87.
5 ChuBngLnh,CnLaoCchMngng.
6 FrancesFitzgerald,FireintheLake,tr.103104
7 ThchNhtHnh,LotusInASeaOfFire,tr.26,28
10 oMngNam,Quco,trongcSanNonSng(sXuntSunm1985),tr.6
11 KhutngNhVuaHng,trongboThiBnh(sngy181278).
12 TheoliklicanhthTnThtTuhinsngCalifornia.
13 BernardFall,VietnamWitness,tr.240.
14 NkgiMargueriteHigginscncvochuynnhsSnVangVnhBnhtheoVitCnglnncuctranhucaPhtgionm
1963.
15 LQun,NhngXuynTcvNgNhnvPhtgioVitNam,NguytsanKhaiPhng(s6thng101981)tr.39.
16 Saunm1975,thanhninsinhvinVitNamtnntihingoicysliukhchquan,thmnhmCngGioCnLaovnxuyntcs
thtbngcchchpmPhtgioVitNamlCngSn.
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17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Kimt,LchSTranhucaPhtGioVitNam,tr.132.
NguynKimLong,ChungQuanhLotBi,NguytsanKhaiPhng(s6),tr.37.
RobertShaplen,TheLostRevolution,tr.191,192.
CaoVnLun,BnGingLchS19401975,tr.228.
JosephButtinger,Vietnam:APoliticalHistory,tr299.
DavidHalberstam,TheMakingofaQuagmire,tr.253.
Chng15
BINCPHTGIONM1963
BincPhtgiolmtbinclnkhngnhngchochNgnhDimvonm1963mcnchocchnhoPhttiVitNam.Bincny
cngnggpvosvnmnhcadntccngnhchonhngchuynngtrthcnhnbnhncanhnloitrongthpnin60.Rtnhiu
muchytrongbincny,cngnhiunhmcenchysaubincghichpvlutrlinhngchngtchvnhngsuynghim
vccticcachNgnhDimtronglntrmnhhngtrngcaDnTcvPhtgiotiVitNam.
Vinhngbinphphnhchnhququyt,nhngthonchnhtrtncvccchtrngvnhagianhim,trong9nmtri,chDim
tmmiphngcchtiuditdndncclclngvnhhngPhtgioVitNamtheokhochtmndu.nnhngnm1962,1963,ch
DimlicthmchngtrnhpChinLcmhthmtintngvacthchinthngcCngSn,livacthCnggiohatondn
nngthn.ChimcnngthnlchimcabncnbnvluinhtcaPhtgioVitNam,hsbaovyPhtgio,clpPhtgio
trongccchachinthvPhtgiosnhctrongaokhhcn,khngcnncnasngcnvbilivyvng.
NuanhemngNgnhDimkinnhndngkhochtrnthclbincPhtgionm1963chaxyravmtldortdhiulmcd
nithngkhcaPhttncngcc,thmPhttvnchcnrngchung.Nhngmustinhn,thnhstithin,nhNgingc
lngdnvngctrinnmilyquytnhcmtreocPhtgionhnngylPhtn,mtquytnhbanunhNgtnglkhngmang
lihqungknhngthtsliachDimvongcng.Vinhngngitinvothuytlsvthuytmcthnm1963ngl
nmchttrongciivn"Phtdnhli"thhngphquttnhcaanhemnhNgbcvochuk"Tngiabiquc"manglinhcnh
chodngh.
Thtth,nuTngGimmcNgnhThccnVnhLongthclvcmtreocPhtgiochaxyra.KhngngTathnhLaMdi
triuiGioHongPaul6lithuynchuynngNgnhThcragiophnHu,nimiasdnchngutheooPht,nnnhNgmi
bsalysm.ingThcraHu,TaThnhLaMchmunngThc,vnlmchoGioHichunhiutaitingxutrongcngngthgii,
phixalnhTh,xataimtngoigiaoon,xakgiquctvxakhitrthcVitNamngotiSiGn.KhngnghocaTaThnh
LaMlibinthnhihachonhNg.
Ttcbtuvongy6thng5nm1963,khiTngGimmcNgnhThcithmnhthLaVang.Dcng,uungThccngthy
cPhtgiotungbaykhpththnhthnxmchomngPhtntronghaingyna.CPhtmcnnhiuthcimngHngYcangThc
326/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khsmthnhsthcvnhiulnnglphctrnhviTaThnhldnVitNamngycngcio,cnghngvGiohiLaM.Nhng
thcthmhinhintrcmtlcPhtgiotrnngpkhpnilmchongThcginlm,nnkhitrvHu,ngchogiibiuchnh
phTrungphnlHcKhngnTaGimmckhintrchrigiinthoivinlinvoSiGnbochoemlTngthngDimbittnh
hnh.NgaysaungDimralutltreocchoccTngio.
TheolutltreoccaChnhphDim,cTngiokhngctreongoikhunvinchachin,nhthhoccccstngio...VbTng
GimmcNgnhThcplc,ngDimtvntreocPhtgiomngquninmngoi(1962),Phtgiocngtreocnhnmnaym
khngthychnhphkhuyncogc.Ticnnhnm1959,tngy16n18thng2,tiThSiGnvkhpcnc,giohiCnggio
VitNamtchcihiThnhMuvlnngnhthcBSiGnlnhngVngCungThnhngvcngtrngthdiquynchta
caHngYAgagianan(idinTaThnhLaM).CTaThnhvnhtngcMtrngbykhpTh,trnngpccngvintrcdinh
cLptngCngLntnSTh.Ngy17thng8nm1961tiLaVang,nhndpknimlcMhinracchy160nmvkhnh
thnhVngCungThnhngLaVang,nhngkhihonmntrngbynhtngcMvcCnggioVatican(vngtrng)koditthnh
phHunthnhphQungTrdctheoQuclMt.RinlkhnhthnhnginhthHudongNgnhThcxyct,vtiptheoll
NgnKhnhcangNgnhThcxyravitunltrcngyPhtn,cCnggioVaticanlitrnngpcthnhphHu,nhtlvphahu
ngnsngHng.DncncailikhngthyrnghmilnCnggiocllclcCnggioVaticantreorangoikhunvinnhth,trn
ngphcngcngvnhiukhitrnccccsqucgia.DichDim,hunhtrongmidoanhtriquniucnhthmhn
ngylNoellcCnggioVaticantreokhpdoanhtri,trccngtrilicckhihonmn.Dnchnglmsaoqunchnhnhnhngvng
nhHNai,GiaKim,NgBangT,NgBaCha,chungquanhLngChaC,vnhngvnhoanhngiltrcTaChnhSiGntrn
ngpnhtngvcCnggioVaticantrongnhngngylGingSinh.ChnhvCnggioutinvlintcplntrnlutltreocca
ChnhphnnisauvcPhtgiotiHu,ngy15thng5nm1963,GimmcNguynVnBnhphirathngbonhcnhgiodn:"C
caTaThnhVaticanchctreotrongnhthhocnhngcscaHiThnh".
NgiCnggiotrngtrnviphmluttreocthanhemngDimchngnhngkhngbaogingnmcnlylmsungsngvsu
thctnhcchhnhthc,thmnm1963,PhtttreocnhnngyPhtnthNgnhThctcgintvnthltreoc.
SaukhinghenganhTngGimmcphintrchvicPhtktungbaykhpni,ngDimninnggingaynglVnphnglngQuchTng
c(hinPhp),bonhinchoTaibiuChnhphtiHuvkhpcctnhralnhphihcPhtgio.Mtlnna,quytnhnychota
thyanhemnhNgrrngthiuthcchnhtrvkhngnhgicbnchtvhqucamtquytnhlinhnmtvnnhnvn
rttnh,nhtltimtaphngnhThaThin.Hlichngnmvngcgitrcaquytnhnytrnchaimthnhchnhphplv
thctrngxhi.
Haimibntingnghsau,ngy7thng5,tronglcdnchngHuvThaThinsasonlmlPhtnthcnhstntnnhbuc
dnchngphihcPhtgio.Trcbinphpbtcngvbtminhcachnhquyn,vingnPhttbntngtchckotiTaTnh
trngThaThinvyucuTnhtrngNguynVnngcanthipPhtkkhibh.Tnhtrnggiithch"cshiulmlnhcacp
trn",riralnhchotreoPhtktrlinndnchngtnggiitnrav.SdcbinphplnhTnhtrngNguynVnnggpng
NgnhCnvcngCncholnh"Phttltreocrithcchohtreo".
VntraltisaomtngilmnTngGimmcnhngNgnhThc,tisaomtngilmnThngThBLirilmn
TngthngnhngNgnhDimmlisailmmtcchutrnhnglitrmtrngnhth?Cutrlidnhinnmtrongcilinhsngchtv
cttyquchtchgiadnghNgnhviHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhp,vanhemnhNgcotovnuidngbimtgiohic
qunhiucplnhochthyciTalng,ngoiTarattcusailm.SliuchothyvsskinnivbnhchpngcaTaThnh
LaM.y,tahynghemtlidnchngcahcgiMerleSevertrongbiTheWorldofLuther:
327/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TaThnhLaMihimtsphctngbtkhtngh."Tisphitinrngvtmutrngmtithylmuen,nugiohiquytnhl
muen".ngIgnatiusLoyola,snglpdngJesuiteninhth.GioHongPaulIVcngxcnhrng:"Ngaynuccharuttilngiphn
o,ticngsilmcitngta"1.
V c bit trong tng quan th quyn v gio quyn, chnh xc p dng cho trng hp ca anh em ng Dim, ta hy nghe gio s Malachi
Martin,mtvtuxutdngJsuite,vitvnimtingioiustcaGioHongLoIII:
XcnhmtcchcngkhairngttcccquynlcchnhtrtrnthgiannyudoChabanchovchcbanchocnhnnohaychnh
phnoquatrunggiancavidincChaTri,vnlvHngYLaM,mcnglkkvThnhPhr"2.
Chonnmqungtrciumhcholchnlbtdibtdch,riliringcnhnngThcmangthamvngtrthnhHngY,anhemng
DimchthyvicPhtgiotreockhngngvithlcanhnclmthnhngthchthcchnl,mkhngcnbitnchnhtngio
camnhvchnhTngGimmcNgnhThcviphmtrngtrnluttreoctchnnmnayri.
Ngy8thng5,ccchatiHuchnhlPhtnvrcPhttrngthtchaTmquachaDiu.SaulPht,trongbithuytphp,
ThngtaTrQuangcpnchtrngkthcachnhquynnhmnpPhtgiot9nmqua,nayliralnhcmtreoctngio,r
rngnhmringvoPhtgio.ThngtaTrQuangcngcnhcncCnggioVaticantreokhpngphvoccdplsaokhngcm,m
licmngvongyPhtn.NhiuonthPhttyucuchnhquynchophtthanhlibithuytphpcaThngtaTrQuang,nhng
GimciphtthanhHulngNgGanh,mtCnggioCnLao,khngchunnvingnPhttkonitrctipyucu.Phtnh
trngNiAnlThiutngS,mtCnLaoCnggiokhc,cnghuynglnhBoAnvcthitgiptithuy.KhngngtronglcTnh
trngNguynVnng,ngNgGanhvThngtaTrQuangangtholuntmmtgiiphpdunghathnhiutingsngvmtqulu
nphtnlmcho7thngdncht,5binhsvmtthngdnbthng.Mu,cuctranhucaPhtgioVitNambtu,binc
PhtgiomaHnm1963phtngt.
TicnphinirvnilnyrngcucutranhcaPhtgiotuyphtngtskincmtreocnhngnguynythts,ngcsusc
canthtraxuthintlu,tkhianhemngDimtinhnhchnhschtiuditcctngiokhcchoCngcngivctntrongi
sngtmlinhvtnngngcangiVit.ngcutranhlmtngcctnhsngcncaPhtgio,chonnbcngcng,Phtt
khngthcmtchnlanokhcnukhngmunbtiudit:Tnhiunmnay,Phtgiobnp,khngbkhpni,chngtivn
nhnnhcngnhinkhngphivhnyumvthccnhngnikhau,tangtccadntctahinti.Nhngaunthay,mtsngi
lidngquynhnhgyrakhngbitbaonhiutangtciviTngvTnPhtgiokhptrongnc,ixmtcchbtcngvimttn
giochngnghnnmlchscadntc 3.milnguynythtscacucutranh,chlcchlgitnccuicngmthi.Chnh
phpnhchicbquasng,quaricnbbhunggchmtlc.
SauvnpPhtttiiPhtthanhHu,TngNi,PhtthptiChaTmaranmnguynvngxinChnhphgiiquyt:1/Xinchnh
thcrtlilnhcmtreoc2/XinctdohnhonhCnggio3/Xinbibds10xemPhtgionhmtHiphi4/Xinchmdtccv
khngb,npPhtgio5/XinbithngchoccnnnhntiiPhtthanhHuvtrngtrkgyramu.
Nguyn vng gi i 8 ngy m Chnh ph vn khng hi m, th cn ra thng bo bo rng th phm nm lu n l mt tn Vit Cng d
khngaracbngchngcthno.Nmnguynvngrrngchnhmvomtmctiurtchnhngvhpphplcngbngxhi
(iu2,4v5)bngcchchmdtchtrngnptngiocathcdnPhpli(iu1v3).VchnhngvhpphpnnPhtgio
cngkhaituynbvcnhcolunnhngxuyntchaychpmcthxyra:"MctiutranhucaPhtgiochnhmvoltngtngio
328/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cngkhaituynbvcnhcolunnhngxuyntchaychpmcthxyra:"MctiutranhucaPhtgiochnhmvoltngtngio
bnhngtrongkhunkhltngcngbngxhi.Vl,chngtitchimislidngkhngphhpvitnchcachngti,nhtlnhng
ngiCngSnvnhngkmutoanchcvchnhquyn"4.
RtnhiukgingoiquciutravbincPhtgio,ytahynghelitngtrnhcakgiDavidHalberstam:
utin,lituynbcaChnhphlmttnVitCngnmvomngmtqulun.Nhngdndn,luniucaChnhphbmtgi
trvcngngycngcthmnhiuchititchothystht.MtnhmgiosngicdytiihcHuchpchnhnhchngminhlun
iucaChnhphlsai.th,Chnhphlivivchochnxcccnnnhnmkhngchobcsgionghim,mtlnna,lichoVit
Cng.
NhiukgiquctkhcnhBobTrumbell,CharleMohr,...ucngnhnllitiChnhph.CharleMohrcatTimesvitrng:"Cngnhmi
chuynkhc,ngDimcbaogichunhnngtasailmu,ChnhphcangtacngnghrngkhngbaogingDimsailm,vttcu
nilolmchoasdnchngcngthmnigin".
SauvlunnHu,BtrngBNivBiVnLngcngDimphiiquansttnhhnh.Vsthtcsngtchonnmtngi
MitheongLngchorngcchgiiquytthtlgind:chcnbranmtrmngnngbcbithngchoccnnnhn,vchcnmtli
tuynbcaChnhphnhnlidolclnganninhgyra.ngLngtrli:"Tinthdnhngchngtikhngtharalituynbnhvy
c.ChngtikhngthcngnhnlicaChnhph"5.
NhnlibincPhtgio1963,nulcbygiChnhphDimtuynbnhnli,phtngS40ngytrngcmvsathikhiquni,riani
vbithngccnnnhn,bibngaynhngquychbtcngviultngiotrongods10thchcchnbincPhtgiongng
.
BincPhtgiotiminNamlmtilintngnvCicchrungtminBcnm1956.Vcicchrungtlmchodnchngcm
phnchngichnhquynHNi.ngHChMinhvivmtmttuynbnhnlivingbovxinsasai,mtkhctmngngxctinvic
cicchvhtngcngtcngaylptcngTrngChinh,ngichutrchnhimchngtrnh,mcdngTrngChinhlyvincaocpca
ChnhtrBTrungngngCngSn.
Tuynhngquytnhchlthonchnhtr,nhngthctchnhtrsauchothyrng,ngidnminBcthy"CH"hmnhxinling
bovdmctchcngch"Bthng"thmtkhacnhno,hkhngcnldovitngutranhna.Ringiviquct,cng
lunthyngHChMinhbitphcthinthngdn,bittin,bitthoi,ctilnho.ThttringchnvihNgminNamtrnmt
quynbinvrrngtchnnmqua,hNgtinhnhchnhschkthhkhc,nayligythmticmi,thmcnvngvphitang
lichoVitCng.
Haibinctuybnchtkhcnhaunhngvcngthcngtrmtrngnhnhau.Chaiungchmnquynlithitthnnhtcaqun
chng:quyntnngngcaPhttminNamvquynsinhsngcanngdnminBc.Nhngnhncungcchvphngthciphth
quthttrnmtkhnngquynbin,ngNgnhDimchnglhctrcangHChMinhdchaiucti,ustmu,vumun
npnhngcucutranhchnhngcanhndn.
NhnthyTngthngDimkhngcmtchtthinchno,TngtnPhtgiongy10thng5nm1963cngbbnTuynngnminhnh
lptrngvxcnhlinhngnguynvngcamnh.Ngy16thng5,PhtgiommtcuchpbotichaXLicBtrngCngdnV
329/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lptrngvxcnhlinhngnguynvngcamnh.Ngy16thng5,PhtgiommtcuchpbotichaXLicBtrngCngdnV
NgTrngHiuthamd,trnhbynmnguynvngvnirthicaTngthngDimtrongcuchikinhmquatidinhGiaLong.Trong
cuchpbony,ngNgTrngHiuchlpilplimtligiithch:TngthngDimchmuncho"Quckctntrng"mkhnghcp
nnhngnguynvngcaPhtgio.
Ngy23thng5,trcnhngxuyntcchicabmythngtincachnhquynviluniuchorngcucutranhcaPhtgioldo
CngSniungvchlmlichoVitCng,PhtgiochophbinbnTuynngnthnhvimtbnphnhxcnhrtrrngvthnn
nhncaPhtgiotrongnhngthontuyntruyncaChnhph:
Ngytrc,nhngngiCngSnlidngdanhnghachngngoixmtiuditccngphiqucgiathngynaycngccivngiCng
giolidngcngvicchngCngSnnpcctngiokhc,nhtlPhtgiochngti.lnguycchoqucgiavlmchiartngio...
TnhtrnglidngdanhnghachngCngsnphttrinCnggiovlnpPhtgiotoratnhtrngchiarngycngtrmtrngthngayby
givmaihu,chngiCngSnclimthi6.
Batunltriqua,Chnhphvnquytlitgilptrngcvrathngtxcnhnquanimvvntngiol"khngkth,tntrngtdotn
ngng,chquynhvictreocvtntrngquck",thngtcngkhnghngnnmnguynvngchnhngvkhimtncaPhtgio.
Tronglcthngy29thng5,lclnganninhvnsitchtvngaichaTm,nimsinhvinvPhttthngthpngong
hchonhngihicaPhtgio,ngthichnhquynchoctinvncngichany.
TrcthingoanccaChnhph,ngy30thng5,PhtgiotchclcusiuchoccnnnhntichaXLivchanQuang,ccTng
NivPhtttuytthc48gi,ngthi300tngnibiutnhtrcQuchivinhngkhuhiuyucuChnhphthamnnmnguynvngca
Phtgio.
Thytnhhnhbtucngthng,ngy1thng6,ChnhphDimthayibiuTrungphnHcKhng,TnhtrngThaThinNguynVn
ng,lnhngngimChnhphcholnhunhc,bngccngNguynXunKhng(nguynTnggimcina)vThiutNguynMu
(CnLaoCnggio)hainhnvtnyhnhngquytlithntrongvicnpPhtgio.ChnhphcngtriuhiThiutngSvBNiv
"chlnh".
Trctnhhnhnghimtrng,BcsTrnKimTuyn,dlcnybthtsngkhngcnquynhnhnhhnggna,nhngphnvngquen
bit nhiu trong gii Pht gio nhThng taTm Chu, cc c s Pht gio ngi Bc di c, c MaiThTruyn (vn l chuyn vin PhTng
thng),phnvmunhagiithtsgiaChnhphvPhtgio,nnngarasngkinthnhlpmtybancaocpcahaibntholun
hugiiquytmivn.Do,bnChnhphthnhlpybanLinB,vbnPhtgiohnhthnhybanLinPhi,ctcchidinchnh
thcvthmquynthngngh.ybanLinBcPhTngthngNguynNgcThvccngBtrngBNivBiVnLng,Btrng
QucphngNguynnhThun.CnybanLinPhidoThngtaTmChucmuviccThngtaThinHoa,ThinMinh,HuynQuang
vicThchcNghip.(SngkincaBcsTuyncBtrngNguynnhThuntrnhchohaingDimNhu).
Trongkhihaiybanangtinhnhnhngbuihpthlclnganninhvnbaovychachinvgiatngccbinphpctin,ctncticc
chalnHuvNng.RingtichaTnhHiNhTrang,cnhstvcngancnchngkmgaichnngccPhttvochavcntr
vicilicaccTngNitSiGnvcctnhvngcli.Chonngy7thng6,ybanLinBmicngnhnskinthiunghimchnh
vgivnthtrlichoybanLinPhilchocpliinncvqunikhngchnngvochana.Ttcnhngvnthcahaiy
banucngtitrnboVitngtiSiGn.NhngdcvnthchnhthccaybanLinB,nhnghnhngchngphPhtgiovntip
tcxyraticcaphngvngaygiathSiGn.chihnna,chnhquynchomtscnganvcnhstcou,givmco
330/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tcxyraticcaphngvngaygiathSiGn.chihnna,chnhquynchomtscnganvcnhstcou,givmco
nuhayolamcatngsrachchcgi,ntht,ungru,muahngkhngchutrtin,...nhmmcchbilccnhsvxuyntccuc
utranhcaPhtgio.
iphvithiphhoicachnhquyn,Phtgionhphilynhnghnhnghysinhquytlithnmongcnhtnhvkhaithngu
cgioiucacplnhoChnhph.TrongmtngichavnglnggiaSiGnsing,mtvsgilymtquytnhlmchuynic
mtchvilinguyntmhuytsauy:
Ti,phpdanhThchQungc,TrtrchaQuanmPhNhun,Gianh.
NhnthyPhtgioncnhanglcnghingnga,tilmttusmnhdanhltrngtcaNhLaikhnglcngiimnhintathcho
Phtgiotiuvong,nntivuilngphtnguynthiuthngitmnycngdngchPhthihngcngcbotnPhtgio.
MongnmiphngchPht,chicTngNichngminhchotitthnhnguynsauy:
1.MongnPhttgiahchoTngthngNgnhDimsngsutchpnhnnmnguynvngtithiucaPhtgioVitNamghitrongbntuyn
ngn.
2.NhnPhttbigiahchoPhtgioVitNamctrngtnbtdit.
3.MongnhhngncPhtgiahchochic,TngNiPhttVitNamtrnhkhinnkhngbbtbgiamcmcakcgian.
4.Cunguynchotncthanhbnhqucdnanlc.
TrckhinhmmtvcnhPht,titrntrngknhgilichoTngthngNgnhDimnnlylngbcitbiiviqucdnvthihnhchnh
schbnhngtngiogivngncnhmuntha.
TithathitkugichicTngNiPhttnnonktnhttrbotonPhtphp.
ThchQungc
(TrchtTpchChnHng,sthng11nm1987LosAngeles)
Thringy11thng6nm1963,trcvitrmtngnithptingtLVnDuytvPhannhPhng,SiGn,HathngThchQungc
tthiu,hysinhnhcthhinmnhchochnhphp.NgitathyHathngttrongmtchicxebcravtttintimttrngqu
xung,haitaychptrcngc,mingkhoanthaitngnim.MtnhstrkhcxchmtthngxngtivothnthNgi.Hathngchmla
t.LabclncaonhngHathngvnngitrongtthkitgichonkhingnlabaotrmlythnth,Ngimitnghingmhaitay
vnchpvonhautrongsbiuhincaTBi,TrTuviHng.ShysinhcaoccaHathngThchQungc,shysinhmsutchiu
dilchshaingnnmcaPhtgiolnutinmixyralmchnngtmthccadntc.
La!Lachyngttasen!
Tmchnphngnhcthtrntmhinthnhthqucxung
331/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tmchnphngnhcthtrntmhinthnhthqucxung
Haivngsngrngrng
ngTynhalngc
ChptaynmtMtTriMiMc
nhovngphiphiangbngln,dngln.
...
Thngchngsinhtrmlunbkh
Ngivphngmtitdy
BcranginhpnhhngvTy
Gihtlavoxngdabng
Phtphpchngritay...
(TrchtLaTBicaThihoVHongChng,sngtctngnimHathngThchQungc)
CuctthiulchscaHathngThchQungccnhiukgitntuiHoaKchngkintichvtngthuttrungthcnh
David Halberstam, Neil Sheehan, nhip nh gia Malcolm Brown... K gi Neil Sheehan, tc gi "ThePentagonPapers", pht hnh cun "A Bright
ShiningLie"vonm1988,vitnhsau:(tr.334):
"...TitrliVitNamnglccthychangkhiukhchschngitrongccthnhphvtnhl,bngcchcngngcivngo
mnnhgyphnnthnqu.Ngy8thng5nm1963,dnghNgnhphtngphongtrokhngbPhtgio.MttonBoAndo
mtsquanCnggioiunggitcht9ngitrongscvitrem,gythngtchcho14ngikhctrongmtmngCHu.
mngangphnisclnhcmtreocngylPhtnnmth2587.ngDimbanhnhsclnhtheosxidccangianhcl
ngThc,TngGimmcHuvlngilnhohnggiophmCnggioNamVitNamnm1963.KhingThcnmng25nmcln
lmGimmctrcvitun,dnCnggiotreocVaticankhpthnhphHu,nidnghNgnhcng.Sauvgitngi,ngDimvgia
nhlrchntng.HkhngmunlmnguilngccnhlnhoPhtgio.Nhngvsnybktrong9nmvkthtngio.Thay
vthayi,hlirataytiuditnhngnhlnhoPhtgionhhtngtiuditgiophiCaoi,HaHovqunphinlonBnhXuyn
nm1955.
NhngvschnglibngphngthccangiVitNam.Buisngngy11thng6nm1963,mtnhsgi73tuitnlThchQungc
ngignmtngtngSiGn,cchtdinhcaisMNoltingcvidyph.NhsQungcngitheothkitgi,trongkhimtv
skhc,vicibnh5gallonbngm,xngxungchicucotrc,xngtmcocsamuvng.Vsgicngnhanh,tayara
khivtoqutdim,tsngcththnhmtbiutngcaphnnvhysinhvnhmmilauthntrongcctrungtmthcamin
NamVitNam".
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NamVitNam".
NhngbinclchstrnychngtriungidnVitNamchngkincngnhrtngngingoiqucvkgiquctcmttich
lcbygighinhnvtngthuttrnbochhayschv.ThmvncnhngtrthcCnggiokhngcmthng,chiassnhcnhn
vaukhcaPhtgio,liangtmbpmosthtlchschytichochNgnhDim.ngCaoThDung(trongcun"Lmthno
gitmtTngthng"),ngNguynTrn(trongcun"CngvTi")ngytovnmlunlmchtngitiHuldohnhngcamt
iynhnvinCIA.CnngNguynvnChctrongcun"VitNamChnhShaylnhngsailmvgiantrtrongVitNamMulaQuHng
TicaMu"tnghivn:khngchorngHathngQungctthiumNgibmtngikhct,mcdHathngQungc
clidichctrckhitthiu,vmcdHathngTmChucliminhxcvhnhngtthiucaHathngQungctrntpch
ChnHngsthng11nm1987.
Tronglchscnicaconngi,chathycichtnooailinhvcnhhngsurngnhcichtQungc.HathngQungccht
ichoBTtQungcxuthinhukhaisinhmtscmnhihng,ilcmliit,ibi.nghaBTtchthccashyhincao
qulChoVuivCuKhmtrchtlculychnhnhngkcmquynangbnghipchngnghitngkmtatrongnhngvngngu
m.McchBTtchthccacichtlmlitnylGiithotvKhaing,mtrchtlgiithotchnhchNgnhDimkhinhngm
lmmngovquynlcvtnhctn.
NhnganhemNgnhDimvnhngkchbitdngbolciphvitnhthngkhngbitnhockhngthmnnghacao
pvmctiuvtha,nnshysinhcaoqucaHathngThchQungcbchnhquynNgnhDimnhginhmtskhiu
khchmthi.
Trnmtqunchng,ngnlatthiucaHathngQungcthcythmngnlachngichCnLaoCnggio.Tngthng
Dimvivgithngipkugidnchngbnhtnh,trongccu:"Miskhkhnscgiiquyttrncnbnlngtriviquc,trong
tnhonkthuynh...Khngnntincmmutrhongiiquytccvn,saulngPhtgiotrongnchycnHinphp,nghalcti".
SaukhithngipcaTngthngccngbvongy14thng6nm1963,haiybanLinBvLinPhilitihptiHitrngDinHng.
Cngngyy,HingTnglnhrathngcokugi"onkt,bnhtnh,trnhshiulm,tquynliqucgiatrnht,vmongccvn
cgiiquyttrongtnhhuynh".
Ngy16thng6nm1963,tmhuthuncacnglunkhchquantrnthgiivbomthmsantoncacucutranh,gn200tng
nitphpbiutnhtrcTaisHoaKyucunghPhtgiotcnmnguynvng.ngthi,bangnngboncha
GicMinhdtanglHathngQungc,nhngmtangphidilivbcnhstdchindngluncaygiitn.Cucxxtnygy
chocnhstbthng12ngivdnchngbbt251ngi.Cngcngngy,haiybanLinBvLinPhi,saubangymtholun,hnh
thnhcmtbnThngCoChungxcnhnhngimthathunvcchthctreoQuckvPhtk,xtlids10vquychtngio,
iutraccvbtbvkhoanhngvinhngngitranhuchoPhtgio,dnhmiddngchocchotngtngio,trngtrnhnvincli,
bithngchoccnnnhn.BnthngconycmangchkvtrincaTngthngDim.
Saubnthngcochung,chngtthinchhahpviChnhph,ybanLinPhibnquytnhhnchsngithamdmtangHa
thngQungclichcn300tngnivccnhbomthitrnhsthpqungocadnchng,lchichonhngphntph
hoiccngVitCnglidngxchng.Do,tanglcaHaThngQungccchnhmtcchtrangtrngtrongtrtt,khngc
mtngnogianhnvincnglcvdnchng.SaukhinhcthcaHaThngchathiutilAnDngaPhLm,xlica
NgicngtrongbnhmangvthChaXLi.
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RrnglvishnhthnhcabnThngCoChungvhnhthctrangnghimgindcatanglHathngQungc,Phtgioxc
nhmtthichnhtr,nugilchnhtr,rtminhbchvhpll:
...dutranhvimtchcti,mtchnhschtiuditPhtgionhth,Phtgio,ngaytuchonkhichmdtcucvnng,tbn
TuynNgnvnmnguynvngcaTngtnchonttcmituynbvvnthgichochnhquynvsau,dcngkhaihaybmt,u
hontonkhngtvnthayich,ltchnhquynmchtvncithinchnhsch.Khngnhmmcchtranhthquynhnh
mchnhmnmctiutdotnngngvcngbngxhi,khngmuntmkimnhngcquynclimchmuncixmtcch
bnhngtheomtquychchungchomitngiochkhngringchomttngiono.Nicchkhc,Phtgiokhngchnglinhngltngv
TDo,DnChcamtnnCngHachnchnhmngcli,chnhvciltngTDo,DnChmchnglicithctbtcngcti
camtnnCngHagimocholtngTDo,DnChtrthnhstht,vtchocngcucchngCngcnghavccci
scmnhcnthit7.
VithinchcaUBanLinPhi,nuChnhphquthtmungiiquytvnPhtgiotheotinhthn"huynh"thchcnChnhphthihnh
ngaynhngiukhontrongThngCoChung,nhngiukhonngin,hpphp,chnhng,mvitcchmtTngthngcQuchi
ychotonquynhnhng,cthgiiquytngayvPhtgiotrongmtngylxong.KhnniThngCoChungraingy16thng6nm
1963mminngy28thng6nm1963,nghal12ngysau,PhTngthngNguynNgcThmithngbochoybanLinPhibitrng:
"BNivsraNghnhvvictreoc,Ds10scpdng"linhng",mtssinhvinvPhttbbtscthnhngcmts
sinhvinphiraTa,chBNivmicquynkimtraccchachin,hstomiscxtmaul,vicbithngccnnnhnphii
iutra".
NidungbcthnilnmtcchdtkhotthiChnhphkhngmunthihnhbnthngcochung:tisaods10licpdngmt
cch"linhng"?,tisaochachubithngchoccnnnhnmcnphiiiutra?,tisaokhngnintrnghpcaThiutngS,
ngigyravmuiphtthanhHu?,tisaochnhphchlothltreoc,lokimtrachachincnnhngnguynvngcnbnv
hnhocaPhtgiolikhngcthamn?TronglcbNgnhNhulpilplinhiulnlituynb"vtayhoannghnhccvt
thiu"mbtagilnhngv"nngtht"(barbecue)v"nuaicnmuntthiumthiuduxngthtischo".
SauvnthcaPhTngthngNguynNgcThlrmmutrhonvicthihnhThngCoChunglinnhngthoncachnhquyn
muntiuditlclngPhtgioVitNammlcbygiUBanLinPhianglidin.Mttrongnhngthonlxuyntctnhchti
dinchnhthcvchnhngcaUBanLinPhi.Ngy20thng6nm1963,nghalmingysaukhithngcochungrai,Chnhphtp
hpcctngsthucphiCSnMntiPhThHa,diquynchtacaBtrngBNivBiVnLng,lpkinnghnghChnh
phvcbitnhinquaTchLanyucuGioHiPhtGioThgii"canthipvngncn"cucutranhcaPhtgioVitNam.ngthi
cngcphihptrongngyhm,NgnhNhuvCaoXunVhuyngThanhninCngHatchcmtcucbiutnhccnhsth
tng,yucuTngthngDimduytlibnThngCoChung.Ngy266,ThngtaThinMinhgivnthlnChnhphphniskin"Bn
ThngCoChungkhngcthihnhvchnhquyncnhnghnhng,nhngmmukhngmunthahip.TiminTrung,ccchnh
quynaphngvntchcmttinhlnnPhtgio,vncntrvicilicaccTngNi,vnphongtachachin"...
Tronglccuctranhchpangivogiaioncngthngvthingoanccachnhquynvnhtlvccthnhphnkhccadntcthc
ctnhcchlinirutthtviPhtgioangchngboquynnncngkhaivngongh,thngy5thng7,ChnhphDimli
phmthmmtlilmchnhtrkhcbngquytnhem19qunnhnv34nhnscav"phnlonNhyD11111960"raxtxtiTan
QunscbitSiGn.QuytnhcaanhemngDimnhmvothiimcbitphtxutttnhchquanmqung,tngcthdng
vnnhmthnhthccnhcohmdatrthc,sinhvinvngphiangmingymtngonghcucutranhcaPhtgio.T
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vnnhmthnhthccnhcohmdatrthc,sinhvinvngphiangmingymtngonghcucutranhcaPhtgio.T
,vnangcgiihntrongmttngiovnhngquychcthctnhxhi,bngtrthnhmtcuckhnghongctnhchnhtrv
linhnmithnhphnkhccaikhidntc.
Ngy7thng7,tronglcdinhGiaLonganghnhoanyntickniml"SongTht"thtrongmtcnphngcncaThSiGn,vnho
NhtLinh,nhcchmngNguynTngTam,conngisutihinthnchoquhngtnc,ungcdcktliuimnhvilidi
chcsangsnghohngnhbnnkttiphnquccachNgnhDim:
itilchsx.Tikhngchuaixc.Svicemccngphiqucgiailpraxtxlmttrngtiiviqucgia,chatnc
rivotayCngSn.VthtithymnhcngnhHaThngThchQungctthiulcnhconhngaichpmithtdo.
Ktn:NhtLinhNguynTngTam,ngy7thng7nm1963.
CichtbtkhutcavnhoNhtLinhNguynTngTamquthtnhmtngnlaoaihngnungnutmcannhndncnc,cbitl
giisinhvintrthctr,tluxemngnhmtkhunmucaksthii.Cichtkhngkhcghiulnhcuicngtrclnhxutqun
caqucdnVit,thmnhngconngimthtlngtricadnghNgnhvntiptcchnhschtiuditPhtgiokhngmtphthitm.
Nhngbcsaly,tilicachlitiptc.
Ngy12thng7,itCaoTr,emrutcaDnbiugianCaoMinh,cthngThiutngvcccgichcTlnhqunonI
thaythchotngLVnNghimbnghingthnPhtgio,TrthngtaynpcuctranhuHuvminTrung.
Ngy23thng7,TrungtTrnThanhChiu,mtCnLaoCnggiogimcNhaDnV,iung100dnvvthngphbinhnbiutnh
trcchaXLichngbiungihi"onkttrnhmislidngcaVitCng".
Ngy3thng8,tronglihiutriuPhnBnQunS,bNgnhNhulnnnhngvtranhutngiovquangy88,gintiptrlicu
khintrch"thiuliviPhtgio"cathnphlisTrnVnChngtrniVOAngy68,bNhunhnlcthiulnhngcho
lmtthicnthit.Bcngcmnngischobmtdpbbytkin(!).Ngyhmsau,98,bNhulitrlicucphngvnca
tNewYorkTimesbnglptrng:"QuytlitiphvicuctranhuhinnaycaPhtgio".
TheoDavidHalberstam,saukhithngcochungrai,trongmtbuinsngtidinhGiaLong,bNhunnglitrchmcngDim:"Anh
nhtanBnhXuyn,nhbiHaHo,dpynNhyDmbygianhlichuthuamytnnhskhnnnkhngcmttcsttrongtay.Anhl
hn,anhlsa".BbNhunnglichtrch,ngDimchcnbitphntrnviemdu:"Thmkhnghiurvn,vPhtgiocnlinhrc
riviquct,chngtasgiiquyt"8.
KhngringSiGnngNhui"duytlibnthngcochung",bNhui"iphquytlitvivtranhucaPhtgio"mtiHu,ngNg
nhThccngkhinhthngcucutranhcaPhtgio,coiquyttmvnglnsaubaonmbpbcchnh"mtngnlarm,bnglnri
tt,cchims"(TheoBnDngLchScaLinhmcCaoVnLun).
TrcdtmcaanhemnhNg,vmcdlclnganninhctngcngkhpni(ringtiSiGn,ChnhphavhaitiuonThy
QunLcChinvhaitiuonNhyD),phongtroutranhcngtrnnkincng,tondinvmnhlithn.Tinhiutnh,ccic,Ni
ctiptctthiu,ccPhtttiptcbiutnh,tuytthc,ccsinhvinykhoa,lutkhoa,vnkhoa,hcsinhcctrngChuVnAn,TrngVnh
K,GiaLong,TrngVng,...bikha,xungng,hitho.SBDiuHu,thnmucaisBuHi,cngitthiuvnsinhMaiTuyt
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K,GiaLong,TrngVng,...bikha,xungng,hitho.SBDiuHu,thnmucaisBuHi,cngitthiuvnsinhMaiTuyt
An,18tuiThNgh,saukhiiChavcmdaochttayphnilituynbcabNhu.NhiungvincaccngiVit,VitQuc,
DuyDnSiGnvcctnhtchcchotngymtrchoPhtgio.cbitgiitrthcvnhns,dmthmhaycngkhai,uchngli
nhNgminhnhlgiosPhmBiuTm,KhoatrngihcYkhoa,mtnhnvtcuytnlnlaocgiitrithcvsinhvinrttrng
vng(hailncngDimmilmBtrngmvntchi)vmtsgiosbbt.LinhmcCaoVnLun,VintrngVinihcHu,v
nghphongtrosinhvintranhunncngbctchcngy16thng8nm1963.
nythcuctranhuthtsctmvcqucgia.Nhngphnutcmnn,nhngyonhcnhn,nhngpbctnbobdnnnt
chnnmnaytrnmimintnc,trongmitmlngcanhndn,nbngln,kthpviphngtroutranhcaPhtttrcdini
phvimtchnhquynlnhlngvhimc.NhngdanhtmmiucangDimnh"lngtri","iquc",nh"giiquyttrongtnhhuynh"
bchnhngvtponCnLaoCnggiodoanhemnglnhochpxungt.Dnchngvnkhngtinvos"thnhtn"cang,
vnkinhquatrmngngncaydochngtchi,thgiyscngphntchttluchcthbiuhinbngmtthimthi:Nhng
kbnpcngngchungmtchintuynchnglitponthngtr.
Ngaycnhti,dsutivnquensngtronggianh,thphnnuichngnuicon,mtnmchlnchavongyTtvLPhtn,LVu
Lan,vdbitchnglmtcnbrngctcaTngthngDim,nhngtrchnhnghunghncanhmCnggioCnLaokhiivicc
nhtuhnhcth,cngbmtgianhpvocchotngqunchnggipccchatrongcnPhpnntiNhaTrang,ninhtivcccon
nhangcnglcbygi.Tithnhphnhny,tbathngnaynhiuchabcanhphngtheodi,ringchaTnhHi,ngichalnnht
KhnhHabclp,cpin,cpncvbcttminguntiptcaPhtt.NhiuTngNibnhp,trilivgiamtiqunlao,cnThy
TrtrvThyhitrngThchcMinhthbtrakhomangthngtchnngn.Do,mtmtnhtibmtlinlcviccnhnscuytnti
NhaTrangnhgianhcThngthTrsTnThtToi,cPhTm,HuynTng(thnsinhcalnhtsinhvintrngLutNguynHuDon),
cBiLin(thnphgiosBiihinPhp),gianhcVnhDung,VnhThy,gianhbcsTrnKimPhn(hinLosAngeles)gia
nhngPhTnhtrngLBChn(hinPhp),gianhgiosngTrung...bmtlpybancuichogn300TngNivPhttangb
baovytrongngichaTnhHi.NhticntcngtinhthniyLAncnhcnhchadnglmtrmlinlcvichavchathc
phmhuchuynvochatrongmkhuya.Mtkhc,cngvimtsngoqunnhnPhtt,nhtitchcmtcuc"vtngc"chocc
nhsangbgiamqunlao,aThyHitrngvnhringntrnThytiptclnhocucutranhchonngycchmng1thng
11nm1963bngn.
TikhngtrchnhtibytlptrngnghcucutranhcaPhtgio,vnginbVitNam,nhtlconnhgiagiobothaili
khngnglngtrcnttm,hungchingccaviclmlilvongha.Ciglmchomtnginbt30nmnaychbitlo
chochngconhnhphc,nhcamm,chahthamdmtsinhhottpthcngkhaino,bngvnglnvochnnguyhimutranhm
trongthmtmdbitcthgylobunchochngcon,cthlmvsnghipvngvngcachngtrongchDim(thayvkhuynchng
theooCnggiocthngquantinchcnhmtsbvsquankhc)?Ciglmchomtnginbsmuk,ghtthon,
dmdnthnvocngtcbmttchcchotinhncaChnhphvtngc?Cigchcchnphtsinhtsmcmcvchnthnhcamt
nginblyocvchnchnhlmkhunthcolngnhnth:MtngidntrongmimytriungidncaminNamsngdi
chboquncaanhemngNgnhDimlcbygi.
TronglcthbngoitivnhnhxnhmtGimcNhaAnNinhQunicach,nhngbtrongthconngicnbtinphongxaxa
catchcNgnhDimbtuchidytmphngthculythymnhtrongcnhonnn.Nuconngicachchnchngbt
mnthconngicnblithaothcbnkhon,vphngthduynhtmtisuynghphicngrntnhthcngDimdtrongcilinh
thmthitgiangvtit20nmquacmtimkhngtngnglnnht,lnimtintngio.
Thtvy,tlu,theoliTrungtNguynVnChucnhnhchotibitthngDimthngdhinpsngtronggianhti,cbitlvicth
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Thtvy,tlu,theoliTrungtNguynVnChucnhnhchotibitthngDimthngdhinpsngtronggianhti,cbitlvicth
t.ChuchongbittrongnhticbnthPht,bnthngbrttnnghim,nhtlvoccdpTtnhtcngkrttrangtrng.Trongth
phngcatilictngcKhngTtratilconnginnglngvinnTamGio.ngDimbitthmnhiumthytrmo,c
lvmunthuytphctinnngkhngngingngmamaichtrchoPhtlthomtndoan,cnccnhsthqumadtnt,chng
quavnghoi,khngcnghnghipsinhnhainnmiphinngthnnicachalovicgnhncqutlkimnmximingon,rilu
ngythnhrasnskia.nglicangioCngGiolthovnminhkhoahc,thoquctvibytrmtriutntrnkhpthgii
nmchu.RingkhuyndtinntheooCnggio.Nghengphphnnhvytichcithmtrongbng,tibitngcngccNho,Lo,
PhtnhngngkhngthhiucitinhtycaoPht,citritlcaothmcaPhtGio.Trili,trongcihiubitcatithKinhThnhvtn
giocangcnhiuiuvl,phnkhoahc,phnconngi,vlchsGiohicngnhchnhbnthnmtsGioHonggynhiutic
ivinhnloi.cbitnhtltichacmnhnctnhtdntc,bnchtVitNamtrongThinChagionhtrongoPht,tuynhin,v
nngnghathytrnntikhngmuntranhciving.Vvy,milnngalikhuyndticio,tichdnglikhnkhochit:"Tha
C,ticncngianhquynhuynhthphtrn60tui,anhtihtscboth,lianglkhuntrngkhunADcPhtgiotiNhaTrang
vlhivinbanquntrHiKhnghcKhnhHa,vyxinCikhinoanhtiquaitisxtlivnnimtinrtquantrngny".Tichni
iachoquacuchuyn,chongDimkhibunlng,chconngicativntbnlyncngcaquhngnghonnkhnkhm
xutthnsaukhinitribaocucbduthdsaocngcthgiltriminhnth,lmsaotilicthddngbocadntc,ca
changnhmtsBtrng,tngtkhc.HungchithnhtltikhngtmthymtonokhcnhnbnvdntcbngoPht,th
hailtikhngvlidanhmdpb"hnncvilgiatin"dtilkthcnhngchachtiulnhngngitheoinghinbt,hco
Thnhhin,nhcgiatitngciotquan,tinnhnnhticnhiungithamgiaphongtroCnVng,phongtro"BnhTyStT".
HunggtivilnhKhXanhchoPhpmcmnhnccinhcchungcadntcnncngphnchngPhp,lmtiuontrngchoVit
MinhriliphntnhchngVitMinh,lmsquandiquyntngHinhmdmcngkhaichnglitngHinh,lmcnbdichmdmcoi
thngCvnNgnhNhu,NgnhCn,nghallunlunvocithbutranhgilyhngsentrongbnhi,nayhlibienlng
mnh,bnnphonghaolcachangtheomttngiommnhkhngthchpnhnccvkhacnhtnngnglnkhacnhlchs
ividntc.
VngDimbitrcucicati,chhngti,giacnhti,nhtllptrngtngiocatinnticngphnvnkhxtrchoncnh
tnclcbtgi,lcmanhemngtaangvndngtonbscmnhcachnpPhtgio.Tionngangthcmcvti,ang
ngvclngdcati,vtngyxyrabincPhtgio,ngtgitivoDinhnhchcchmythng.Nhnglcccngvickhncpcn
phigp,tithyngkhngcncthimnmtnhnghanhtrc.Tronglcthnhngngibnchthncatimcnglcnbcang
DimnhngNguynnDuyn(lmBNgoiGiao),nhngVNhNguyn(GiosHnHcHu),ubytquytlitlptrngthn
Phtgiochnglich.ngVNhNguynsaukhimtchcTnhtrngtnhBnhnh,thyngNgnhCnvnhmCnggioCnLaomi
ngymilnghnhtnbo,bnemcnhlnchaquiy(xemthngNguyngichongHongngTiutrongphnPhlc).Trongcucu
tranhcaPhtgio,ngNguyncngviccgiosihcHuktuynngnkttinhNgnnbbtgiam.
Trchoncnhkhx,vtrongkhitmphngcchgiiquytccuckhnghong,tigithitrunglp,khngtheochphnli
nimtinnhnbncamnh,mcngkhngtheoPhtgiophnlivthyc.Hnna,dngDimcnghingtinhngngvnchaix
vitimtcchcnturomngnhivitngLVnNghim,mtngibnthncati.TrivithicangDim,ngNhuc
munytivochntng,dngcklyginchoPhtgiovngbohiulmti.
Lnthnht,ngNhuinthoiralnhchotibodngmyvinlingithngtngLVnNghim,TlnhQunonI,vSiGntrnhdin
ngayTngthng.VSiGn,TngthngralnhchongNghimphitckhcgiaochcTlnhQunonchotngCaoTr.TngNghim
btmnbnngptivtcginhitiboconhngglmchongtabmtchcmtcchvl,nhcnhnhvy.Lctimihiuv
sao ng Nhu khng gi thng tng Nghim m li ra lnh cho ti gi.Ti ht sc phn trn nhng c l khng gii ta c thc mc ca
TngNghim,cithcmcvsaoPhTngthngkhnggithngchongta,mtThiutnghaisao,votrnhdinmliphiquaGimcAn
337/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngNghim,cithcmcvsaoPhTngthngkhnggithngchongta,mtThiutnghaisao,votrnhdinmliphiquaGimcAn
NinhQuni,mtit.
Lnthnh,cngbnginthoi,ngNhuralnhthngchotiphibtgiamgiosTrnQuangThun(hinLosAngeles),mttrthcPhtgio
nitingchngich.Lmnhvy,ngoivicngNhumunlygintivihngngPhttvthnhphntrthc,ngcnmunnmdu
tayvTrnQuangThunthucconnhdngdicThnThn,vnlbnthncacNgnhKh,ThunlilchurcangTnThtThit
anggichcGimcSNiDchPhTngthng.Lnny,bitcthoncaNgnhNhuvvmungithitrunglp,tichomiTrn
QuangThunnvnphngvchobitticlnhcangCvnbtgiamngta.Tuynhin,tichkhuynngnnhotngknohn,nht
lbtnhngluniuchnginhNgi,richongvngaymkhnggiamgimtgiphtno.
Lnthba,quatngTrnThinKhim,ThammutrngBTngthammu,ngNhutraochotimtdanhschgmviminhnvttr
thctiSiGn,ralnhphibtgiviutravhctihotngchngChnhph.Mtlnna,tibitngNgnhNhumuntinhngtay
voticquavicbtginhngnhnvtdnskhngthucthmquyncati.Dvy,vhthngchnhquyncangNhucnchtchnnti
vnphithihnhlnhcangCVnTngthngquynuyttnhangiukhinmttrntiuditPhtgio.
Vsnginhbtgiqung,tichiaralmnhiutvbtginhiuni.ivisnamngioscatrngChuVnAn,PetrusK,Trng
Vng,GiaLong,VTrngTon...vmtsluts,bcs,chthntimihlnltnvnphngvchohbitdolnhcangCVnti
phibtgih.NhngtithahvngaysaukhinichohbitnuhotngkhngknothcngancaDngVnHiuhayLclngcbit
caLQuangTungsbtlivtrongtrnghp,huqustnkhcvcng.
NhngvilutsinhThchBch(hinnaylchbinboVitNamHiNgoiSanDiego)thtitrakhtkhehnvnhnvincatitm
ctinhanhmtsvkhbthpphp.TidainhThchBchsaanhraTavsvkhltangchngchomtmmuniloncv
trang.NhngngitrthctrtuidnhchotimtskinhngcmsutmynmlmtrongcquananninhcachNgnhDimlnu
tinmigp.Bchkhngtvsst,licnnnglikchchDim.Bngmtchuidinhngtnganhthpnh"gianhtr,cti,
phongkin,btlc,kth,thamnhng,...",BchbuctinhNgbinminhchohnhngctgisvkhbthpphp.Nhnbmtcngrn
cngquyt,cvqunnhnhnlvnnhn,tikhenthmBchgand,chngtrchtnhtheoanhhngTrnhMinhThlmcchmngchng
cthcdnPhplnCngSnVit.TiangminmansuynghthBchlitmcchtuyntruyntiktlun:"Svkhldngvoviclt
nhNg,tixinmiitthamdvocucochnhcaanhemchngti".nythtkinhngctitrthnhccmtnhvingithanh
nintrthcdm"vutruhm".Cmtnhlmtikhx:thaanhvlngNhubitcthnguy,mgiamgirinuanhbhmhihayb
truytraTathtislmhimtngichinsdntc.Nghvynntitmkhonbinhtmmtgiipthangchotrnghpcainh
ThchBch.TichogiiBchtrvphnggiamvralnhchonhnvinthucquyniithtttvcungcpthcphmthtnghong.Trong
khi,tichonimphongsvkhli,khngchocngantmbitritybinchuyncathicucmquytnhtrnghpcaanhsau.Nhng
tnhthbinchuynqudndpvtikhngcnnhBchctrtdovolcno,ribcnganbtlivokhino.
Ngoira,cnmtnhmccnhnvtbbtgiticquantrungngcaNhamtichcnnhtnccngTrnThanhBng(emrutluts
TrnThanhHip),lutsNguynDuyQuang,giosuTrngThanh,lutsBiTngChiu(hinPhp),...Nhngvgiosihc,nhng
nhnvttntuithngbngNhunhiuhnnntiphigihluhn.Tinghrngnhngnhtrthcnyctigviqucgiaungoi
thibtmnchDim.Hmnay,hbiuhinthichngimtcchtchcchnvchctiqutrngtrnvhimc,v
nhtlvlngtricahkhngcnchophphimlngtrccucutranhgiankhcanhngconngibnhdnhccthytu,anhemxchl,
hcsinh,sinhvin,hocnhngknghokhnhttrongxhi.Hkhngthgithibngquantrcnhnghintrngnp,khngbdomt
thiusgyrachociiasdntc,vthticngphiiittnhngkclng.Mibuisng,khongbygi,tichoxecaNhantn
nhminhngnhtrthckianNhaAnNinhQuninghngi,cbo,ungtr,nhctng.Chiubygi,tichoxechhvvigia
nh.CnhthhaitunltimigittrnhchongNhubornghkhngctight,rititrtdochohravlun.Trckhirav,cc
338/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nh.CnhthhaitunltimigittrnhchongNhubornghkhngctight,rititrtdochohravlun.Trckhirav,cc
ngNguynDuyQuang,BiTngChiu,uTrngThanhlnltnvnphngtinglicmt.Tikhngnhmtvnoni:"Qutht
chngtikhngthtngtngmtcquananninhmliccchxsbaodunglchsivikctinhcquancait".
Nhnlitubincchonnhngngyuthng8nm1963,lptrngcaPhtgiovchnhschcaChnhphvnkhngcgthayi
nukhngmunnicnglccngquytlithn.Nghalmtbntranhuchocngbngxhimcthlquyntdotnngng,vmtbnl
duytrnhnguyntrngnpmcthlkthtngio.Yutmitrongcuckhnghonglsxuthincacclclngkhccadntc,cc
thnhphnkhccaxhi.Thcngnngphi,tvnnghsncngnhn,tthnggianchuynvin.Hailclngkhcrtng
kvvaitrvscmnhcanlgiohiCnggioVitNamvqunlcVitNamCngHa,chongiphtvtnhttrnmtchnhthc
nhmttngth,vnchacnhngxongsuschoclptrngcngkhainoc,nghalvnngvphachnhquyn,mcutrongqun
ikhngthiunhngsquanhocbinhsmthmnghcucutranhcaPhtgio,haymtviLinhmccngbmtlinlcvicc
ThngtatiSiGn.
ChinthutvanhvamcachnhquynlkodithigiancholclngsiuchnhquyncaCnLaoCnggiochunbmttrn
xungkchcuicng,mttrnphicmuxngrichmdtvnhvinshindincaPhtgiokhngphichtrongbincnymcncho
cmaisauna.
m20thng8,anhemngDimiungcnhstdchinvlclngcbittncngccchaSiGnnhXLi,nQuang,Theravada,
Gic Minh,T Quang... cc cha Hu nh Bo Quc,T m, Linh Quang... v nhiu cha ln cc tnh khc.Ti cha X Li, i qun xung
phongcachnhquynpphbnth,tngPhtvlymtthngcngqu...gythngtchchohngtrmTngNi.RingHathngHich
ThchTnhKhitthbxtvbthngnngmt.TiSiGn,chngbtttchn1.400TngNi,Phtt,kcThngtaTmChu,cMai
ThTruyn,SbDiuHu,ThngTaTrQuang...CuctncngkinhhongcachDimcmtngibnMcangDimlnh
vitsButtingervvonnhmtcuctncngcaixungkchNazi:
ThesocalledspecialforcesandthemannerinwhichNhuemployedthemin1963werereminiscentoftheNazistormtroopers9.
Gn5gisngngy21thng8,TngthngDimtriutpkhncpHingChnhphriratuynco:"Phihnhngquytlitvlnhtrch
nhimtrclchsvctinVitCngsptrnngpTh(sic),banhnhlnhgiinghimtrntonlnhth,ralnhchoqunibovanninh
trtt"(Sclnhs84/TTP).TngTnThtnh,TlnhQunonIIIcckimTngtrnSiGnGianh,cnhimvthihnhlnhthit
qunlut.Lnhgiinghimcmdnchngilit9gimn5gisng.Cuctncngchachinbngvlcvlituynbxuyntcca
TngthngDimnirngVitCngsptrnngpthbinminhvhpphphahnhngbthpphp,bthphincamnh,niln
sthtbivchnhtrvnhntmcach.Ngoira,phngcchiphliulnhcaanhemngDimcngtothmnhngphnngvcng
btlicanhndnvquctmphnngutinlilhnhngxungtcvtchccaBtrngNgoigiaoVVnMu.
ngVVnMulmtthcslutkhoac"chair"tiihcdanhtingSorbonneParis,lcbtgingcgiitrthcVitNamcoinhmtlut
giauynthm,csinhvincoinhmtvthyuynbc,cTngthngDimtrngvngnhttronghngccBtrng.DichDimc
haivBtrngthmninkcunht,mtvikhoabngvmtvchcbngtiuhc,vchaiuduytrchcvkhnghbginont
ngy1051955,nghaltkhichCngHacharaichonkhichDimbsp:lngVVnMuvngHunhHuNgha.Sut
8nmtringMugichcBtrngNgoiGiao,tronglcngNghacmuBLaong.ngMuthnhhcrngbngcpcaomcmi
lmBtrng,cnngNghathnhlngtrungthnhtuytimclmBtrng.Saubaonhiuncchyquacu,baonhiungilnvoi
xungch,cuicngmtngvphnichmrai,cnmtngvbnhvcchmbbtvonhlaoChHa(saucchmng1111963).
339/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrongmttrnngoigiaodichDim,vickhkhnnhtkhngphiliphvikthclPhp,licngkhngphilsitchtquanh
vingminhHoaKvmilinhphnnhrbnth,mliphvinclnggingCaoMin,mtqucgiamVitNamtngnh
phvh.HaikhkhnchnhlvtranhchpbingiivmuthunchnhtrdochnhschchquancaanhemngDim,lunluntmcchlt
Sihanouk.MtldokhcnakhinchDimmunltSihanouklvQuctrngCamBtlpng"SangKum",tclng"XHiPht
Gio"nghalgintipchngvichtrngcang"NhnVCnggio"cangNgnhNhunhChuBngLnhtrnhbytrongtcphm
"CnLaoCchmngng".Sutthigian9nmcachDim,ngoitrngVVnMulunlungicthnglitrongcuctranhchpbin
giiviCaoMin.Sauny,vonm1964,SihanoukliavnbingiiratranhchptiHingBoAnLinHipQuc.Nhnthychcng
VVnMu(lcbygianglisVitNamtiLunn)miscnguvipheCaoMincNgaXymtr,tibnnghviTh
tngKhnhnhngMuiphhi.QuthtnhngoigiaotibacachngtaemthnglivvinhdvchoVitNamtiHingLinHip
Quc.KhiidinChnhphCaoMingiChnhphVitNaml"chnhquynSiGn",ngphncngngayvgiCaoMinl"chnhquynPhnom
Penh".LcidinNgaXgiVitNamCngHal"taysaiqucM",ngMulinxinchtchhinghtrliidinNgaX,chtrchis
NgaXdngngntcamtdntckmvnminh.Nhtitranhlunvlptrngcngrncang,HingLinHipQucnhphixpv
kincaSihanoukli,nhthmvntranhchpbingiikhngcnnavminNamduytrcvnglnhthvenbinminTychinlc
camnh10.
NhclitrongbuisnghpHingNiccngy21thng8tidinhGiaLong,saukhicTngthngDimbotinlnhtncngccchathPh
TngthngNguynNgcThnhnhngphningDim:"TisaoClymtquytnhquantrngnhthmkhngchochngtibittrc".
CnngVVnMuvnhcouvvovnphngBNgoigiaotphptonthnhnvincaBrituynbtchcphnichnhsch
caChnhphNgnhDim.ThiminhbchvcanmcngnhnhnglitmhuytcanglmchohuhtnhnvinBNgoigiao,k
cnhngngitnglcnbtrungkincangDim,phixcng.MtngibnthncatilngNguynnDuyn,GimcngNam
sv,vnlmtcngsvintinphongcangDimtnm19471948cngvcngcmxc.
CmphckhphchvphongksVVnMu,ngHongiSm(tcthisHongHoaTrang),mtnhnvincaocpcaB,bnnhbnl
ngVKhcVnvitchomychHnkhcvobchonhphitngchovchhuykhknhcamnh.ngVnbnvitbnch:"NgoiVtHon
Giao",vacchcanhPht,vacch"ngoigiao",vanilncnghathmthycamthnhngytritlsusc.
SaukhivitchobnbnchtngvBtrngvchnhngham"coutquan",VKhcVncmxctrcmtbincvaauthngva
chuachtbnlmmtbith,ghilimtskinlchsctnhcch"GiaithoiLngNho"hulnnNgtriulmgngchohuth.Bith
nymaymncmtbnthncangVKhcVnhinHingoicnnh,vitlirigichotihindintrngtphikny:
TRANHTHIS1963
Chnnmbnbntroqunbi,
Lalctontaydkhinsai,
HtC:ThunLngmmbpxp,
mB:HiuNghaminglairai,
VemhinCmuxanhtr,
340/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VemhinCmuxanhtr,
KhngcdngChaodi,
RingMucou,Tmbbt,
Hihngkhanhtngnphinai?
Bithnhmmtvnhgibnchtcachquanhngnhnstaysaimtrongchnnmcmquyn,nolcDim,nolbNhu,nol
CvnNhu,nolchaThc,dcmuntrotrqunbithcngchdngtonnhngtay"dkhinsai"nhBtrngNguynnhThun,Bi
VnLng,NgTrngHiu,HunhHuNgha.Cngblitvo"hnglalc"lCaoXunV,TngGimcThanhninCnghaxanh,vNguyn
XunKhng,ibiuChnhphTrungVitquytlitnpPhtgioChaThccmcHngY.Tronghngkhanhtngschdlnln
chcnngMulkhtittchcvBcsPhmBiuTm,KhoatrngihcYkhoaSiGn,cngphnchnginnbMtvnhNg
bt.
SdphininhaingHongiSmvVKhcVnlvthichngichDimcahaingcnhhngrtlntronggiingi
QungBnh,nhtlnhngngikhngtheooCnggio,nhngnginghngvingDimdicvoNam,tnglhuthunchongtrong9
nmtrivtngcngcoilidinchothnthucnichnnhauctrn.
HongiSmvVKhcVnlhainhthtntui(bnvnthviccngThiVnKim,icTun,LuKLinh,...)thucdngdikhoa
gipnitingtQungBnh.ThnphcahaingtnglmquantongliuvicNgnhKh,thnsinhcangDim,vkhivhumang
hmthngthTrs.ngVKhcVnlitnglmtrihuynthuccpcangTunvNgnhDim,cngDimrtqumnchonnkhi
milmTngthng,ngDimlincngVnlmTnhtrngDarlak.Nhngsauvinmchcv,VKhcVnchnnnchCnggio
CnLao,ngtaxintchcvlmmtcpthahnhticcB,Vintrungngnhmthnhthcnthnchngyhutr.
Lcmicmquyn,ngDimcholpngayHiQungBnhTngTxydngmthuthunchnhtrtrungkinquatnhnghngya
phngtnh,vngthicngdngdanh"ogmvlng"vinhnggiatckhctrongtnh.Tronghitngtny,ngSmvngVnc
dnQungBnhknhmnvtrngvngnhnhngbctrngthnggngmu.Thitmthmbtmnncngkhaichngicahaing
khngnhnggymtscchnngphntnhninhngngidnQungBnhmcnlmtskhngnhchcnchvmunloitrgianh
ngDimrakhitcchnghngmngDimvnrttho.T,nhngbuihp,nungthnmtcaHiQungBnhTngTningi
nhtphcaanhemngDimkhngcnna,vcuchuyn"ogmvlng"cahNgbchnvivodvng.RinghaivictiuditPhtgio
vxuyntcThngtaTrQuanglCngSn,bdnQungBnhcoinhhnhngphnbinginghng,khctnichnnhauct
rn.
VphnngVVnMu,saukhitchcngnhtrnngayrangoiquctcovidlunquctnhngbbtlitiphitrngTnSnNht
lcspsalnphic.AnhemngDimnhtnggiamngMukhngxtxnhngsphnngngoigiaokhngthunlinndnxpvi
ngMutheoiukin:ngMukhngcngkhaituynbxintchc,triliChnhphphingraivildohnhhngbathngtin.
Cucdnxpkodiminngy28thng8nm1963,ngMumilnngrai.
TheongNguynnDuyn,GimcngNamSV,mtbnthncatichobitsaukhingMuiri,nhtrthcCnggioTrngCng
Cu,nguynChtchybanchngochnhvchngPhinLon,nguynPhChtchQuchi,nguynBtrngcnhimVnha,cc
341/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Cu,nguynChtchybanchngochnhvchngPhinLon,nguynPhChtchQuchi,nguynBtrngcnhimVnha,cc
gichcBtrngNgoigiao.VannhmchcngCucngtphpnhnvinbanhuntvimcchtcngtinhthnnhngcngs
vinvnbgiaongbithicuc.Trongbuitipxcutin,ngCulnnnngncuctranhucaPhtgio,ngcngmchPht
giolCngSnvmtstthmtngVVnMumngcholphnbiTngthngDim.ngkuginhnvinphihtlngtrungthnhvi
chvviTngthng.TheoliklicangDuyn,thngCulyngralmgngmucholngtrungthnhtuyti:"Anhemhynoi
gng ti, nu by giTng thng hay ng C vn bo ti ly ci mt ny (ng va ni va ch vo mt ng) m ch vo cu tiu l ti tun lnh
ngay".
Saucuctncngtncvoccchachin,btbTngNiPhttvgiamgimtssinhvin,ngthingcacctrnghcvphitrng
TnSnNht,anhemngDimbnlidngsgiaongcaqunchngphngtayphtngnhngthontnnhnhncah.
Sngngy22thng8,ngNhukugiThanhNinCngHaphilm"rngtchnhsch".ngthiChnhphrathngcochobitkhmxt
vtchthucmtskhgiivdngcbthpphpticcchaXLi,nQuang,Theravada.
Ngy24thng8,anhemngDimlitoramtbcthgimocaHathngThchTnhKhitnirngHathnggiithiumtsThngta
trongGioHiTngGiTonQuctrngnomPhts,tronglcthtsHathngTnhKhitcnangbthngvangbgiamlngtiquny
vinCngHa.HtidinmtcchtrtrntrvitthgimonhhlmivibcsPhanQuangnsauvNhyDochnhnm
1960.
Ngy26,hpbucThngtaThchThinHnhthnhlpmtybanLinHipBoVPhtgioThunTygmtonccthychaCSnMn
hnhxnhcchi"Phtgioyunc"hoc"Cnggioynnc"caCngsnsau1975.
Ngy27,cconthtaysaicahvccTnhtrnggikinnghbytlngtrungthnhvnghlnPhTngthng.
Ngy31thng8,TngthngDimvingthmngichaSNGianh,nhngcngnggi,htchcThanhNinCngHabiutnh
cngtrngLLinghChnhph.
Ngy1thng9,ctinnnhcaTngthngDimbthogvicngsvcthaythbngnhcaCvnTngthlnhThanhninCng
Ha.CtinnCvnNhusochnhthihnhmtchnhschanhthp,ctihn.
Ngy10thng9,bNgnhNhudnmtphionDnbiuidHiNghQuctNghstiNamTgiicdlunquctvvnPht
gio.TheoisCabotLodgevnhiukgiquctthbNhunghingskhnngoancacGioHongPaulVIsaukhiNgibytsbng
hongtrcchnhschkhngbtngiocaanhemngDim.BNhutuynb:
cGioHongthtcngloumtcchquddng.LmtngiCnggio,tichbucphitinvotniucatngiotivtinvocGio
Hongmthi.cGioHongskhngsailmkhiNgituynbvnhngiucthvtngio.TikhngtinrngNgisngtthca
mnhmchibti,vlmnhthqulNgilmhilnchooCnggio(PopePaulVIistooeasilyworried.AsaCatholic,Iamonlyrequired
tobelieveinthedogmaofmyreligionandthePope.ThePopeisonlyinfailliblewhenhedecreessomethingexcathedra.Idonotbelievethathewillput
himselfinachairtodisavowme,becausethatwillbeabadblowforCatholicism)11.
LituynbngomnnyphnnhhaiskinrtcthvbNhumngianhchnganglmtvgiophmsmtcaHiThnhCnggio
VitNam.Thnhtlquanimvtnhxacchgiaovi,xcnhsbtlccagiolThinChagiokhiivohinthcxhi,nhtl
342/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VitNam.Thnhtlquanimvtnhxacchgiaovi,xcnhsbtlccagiolThinChagiokhiivohinthcxhi,nhtl
mtxhitrnykhauvpbc.Thhaildngmtth"politiquedechantage"vivGiochcaHiThnhkhibtGioHongphichn
lagiaschpnhnhnhngcamnhnukhngths"lmhilnchoCnggio".
imaunchoGiohiCnggioVitNamlsaulituynbcabNhuchotonthgiibit,Giohikhngcmtligiithchno.
ngninmtliphni!
Vittcnhnghnhngtnc,nhngthongiandi,nhngtuynbhmda,anhemngDimtngptanccucutranhca
Phtgiovngbocnc.AnhemhNghunhhoangtngcthngnhnghqunimtiucnbnlhaingnnmri,tribao
thngtrmcatnc,tribaocnmtphpckhikodictrmnmmoPhtVitNamvnchabaogibitciukhutphcbolc...
...Dntctakhngthnothua
oPhttaiisngln
Dutrimyquaphnlytn
Nhngvncnnicnsng
Cnchtvtmingicha.
(Th,VHongChng)
LithcahVchnilnmtsthtbnhthngnhnghngtrngvngaycsau1975,khichnhschchimtrnminNamvtmmithon
tiuditPhtgiothnhngngiconPhtvnkincngvnglnchnglichboqunbotr.ThchThinMinhvilclngCu
NguyDnTcbtnstthHuynQuang,Qung...liniln.TrithcnhmnythnhmTuS,MnhTht,..lingdy.Hnghnglp
lp,clpnychthayvotthlpkiavnglnbtkhut.Tronglcthtihingoi,ngiPhttVitNamrailuvongkhpbnphng
tri,ninhngvngcncacaCnggiomvncanhcnhbnlngnimtinvoscmnhcadntcvscmnhcaophp.Tvingi
changhonnPhptrckhimtnc(1975)nhngngichaVitNammcngtnhtquhnglimclnkhpnitsangu,tPhi
sangM.Biv:
...SuttrngklchshaingnnmhindintrnquhngVitNam,oPhtVitkhngmtphtmtgiytchlakhidntcVit.Trong
sutondicalchsVitNamvPhtgio,dntcvophphpnhtthnhmttngthbtkhphnlyvthnhmtscmnhkhng
th no nh bi. i vi dn Vit, trong nhng cn nguy bin, o Pht ng ln cu nguy, trong nhng thi n l, o Pht ng ln gii
phng,trongaukh,oPhtemlianvui,trongchintranhvthhn,oPhtemlitnhthngvhabnh,trongtuytvngvchtchc,
oPhtmnglinimtinvlsng.Lunlunngvphadntcaukhemhtmuxngvcthnmngmnhbovvphngs
dntc,lnguyntckhngthnolaychuynvlmtchnlcchngnghimsuthaingnnmchamtlnnooPhtngv
mtthlcphinhnbn,phndnchthngtrvnpconngiVitNam.oPhthatanvodntctrthnhxngtht,mu
huytcadntc,cngdnghyhinchodntcttcthntr,hngtm,ilcvtinhhoacamnhtrthnhhngtm,ilc,thntrv
tinhhoacadntc...12.
Nusng21thng8,NgoitrngVVnMutchcphnichnhschnpPhtgiocachnhquynNgnhDimlmtlitco
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nusng21thng8,NgoitrngVVnMutchcphnichnhschnpPhtgiocachnhquynNgnhDimlmtlitco
anhthpvbnchthunghngcachthcngngyhm,cchtrnnatricu,tiThHoaThnhncaqucgiakhaisinhvnui
dngch,isTrnVnChnglntingphnichnhquynlilmtbnnnngnychvovthtitrccngluntrong
ncvtrntonthgii.BnnlicngcgitrchthchnvngTrnVnChnglthnphcabNhu,mttrongnhngnhnvtch
yuvquyttmnhttrongchnhschnpPhtgio.Chnhvtnhcchtrmtrngcabnnnnngayngyhmsau,ngTrnVnChng
bchnhquyn"chmdtnhimv".
Ngy25thng8,hngvnsinhvinhcsinhcathSiGnotxungngbiutnhtrcchBnThnh.Cnhstdchincanthipv
gyraxstlmchomtsbthng,ringnsinhQuchThTrangcmbiungiubcnhstbnchtv1.300sinhvinbbtan
giamtitriQuangTrung.ngthisinhvinhcsinhtiHu,Nng,NhaTrangcngbiutnh,mttinhlnnchDim.
Ngy7thng9,xoaduhcsinh,nhNgchomcalicctrngtrunghc,nhnghcsinh,nhtlcacctrngChuVnAn,TrngVng,
VTrngTon,...quytnhphnikhngchuvolp.
NhiutngnitrtuitiptctthiunhicThchQungHngtthiutrcchBnThnhngy5thng10,icThchThinM,vs
thbytthiutrcnhthcB.Vngy31thng10,cnhstkpthingnchnbavtthiutrcQucHi.
Trongkhi,phiongiicdlunquctcnggpnhngphnngbtli.BNgnhNhuvDnbiuHNhChinLaMngy25
thng9bmtsngiVitnngphninParisbngoVitkiuvsinhvinVitNambiutnho,nmtrngthivcchua
nHoaThnhnkhngcthnphlisTrnVnChngchogpvkhngcTngthngKennedytipkin.Bhpbophni
ngiMvphntrnchgianhtrcabkhnghnpPhtgiomkhngnhrngnhiuln,btuynbviphngviniVOAv
NewYorkTimesl"phiquytlitptanphongtroPhtgio",khinbuihpbotrthnhmtbuiichtcngthng.
GimmcNgnhThcbTaThnhbtrikhiVitNam,ctinnkhitiLaMngkhngcphpbkinGioHongvtheoWilliamMiller
thngbTaThnhcmkhngctuynbnhnglikhiukhchvmuthunchngiPhtgio13.
Ngy17thng10,mtskgingoiqucbcnganhnhhungvchpnhccvcnhstnpsinhvinvccvxstviTngNitrn
ngphSiGn.Cngngyny,cuisTrnVnChnglntingtiHoaThnhncngkchkchlitchnhschcaTngthngDim.
TivatngkttheothtthigiannhngskinlchstngyxyravPhtgiochoncuithng10nm1963thynhngbinchuyn
trmtrngcathicucVitNamdochnhschkthPhtgiocachDimgyra.
o0o
ChnhschkthvnpPhtgiokhngnhngachDimvothclptrcikhidntcmcnlmchodlunthgiihtsc
btbnh.
NgoimtsbolnHoaKchtrchanhemngDimvvnkthPhtgiolmchocngcucchngCngbsast,hoclsosnhphongtro
utranhcaPhtgiotiVitNamcngnhphongtrosinhvinchngiTngthngLThaVntiNamHn,dluncanhiuqucgiakhc
kcncngminhcaVitNamCngHacnglnnchnhschkthtngiocachDim14.
TLaCroix,mtnhtbonhiunhhngtronggiiCnggioPhp,ngmtbiquanimdiphnichtrngctncaanhemngDim
344/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TLaCroix,mtnhtbonhiunhhngtronggiiCnggioPhp,ngmtbiquanimdiphnichtrngctncaanhemngDim
vkugitnCnggiohycunguynchonhngPhttVitNam.
TMalaysianTimescaMLai,mtqucgiaHigioanglngminhchngCngcaVitNamCngHa,alikhuyncochnhphDim
nnhaduviPhtgiomicthchnngccucxmlngcaCngsn,tronglcthCaoMintcochnhschnp,khngbPht
giocachSiGnvtuynbongiaoviVitNamCngha.
PhtgioTrungHoaDnQuc,vitcchlmtbphnlncaqucgiangminhcngDimknhn,lntingkugiPhtgiokhpth
giihygipPhtgioVitNamvililvcngthngthit:"HiGiohuTngtnthgii!Chngtirtaulngtrnhbycngquvv
tnhtrngPhtgioVitNamgnygpphiinn"Kthtngio".ngthichngticngtrngmongquvthitthalutinhthn"ngchu
CngT".ycnglchnhnghangnntrgip".
TLaGazettedeLausannetiThyS,mtqucgiatrunglpvnkhngctruynthngcanthipvonitnhcanckhc,cngkhngthdng
dngtrcchnhsch"kthtngio"caChnhphNgnhDim.NgaytkhiHathngThchQungctthiu,tbocnhnglilv
cngcmng:"ShisinhrtkhchngcavtngsthiusngngaytiSiGnbucngitaphiknhtrng.ShysinhvChnhphpcang
khinchngtalintngtinhngngiGiaTutinvslintngnycnglmchochngtathyoiom".
NhnvnpPhtgiotiVitNam,tbocnhhngquctlnnhtcaThySltJournaldeGenvevnhiutboaphng
nglitonbnphctrnhcangPierrevbReneGometnghimkhclnnchDim:
"Cithibitiinmcqulnngitathycnhng"mode"minhquynchhuycctrungondnhchoccsquannoc
TaGimmcphduytimtt,licnhngmdnquntvcavTnggimmcHucngccungcpnhngdngccaHoaKm
dmchcNgGicikhngdnhnhngthchobnLSinh.Ngitacthtuyntruynrngchlcucniloncapheaskhc
khkimchuynvChnhphchlmtthiusbktchtchvinhaumbtchlivnhvovcngrn.NhngvicphihysinhvChnhPhp
caHathngThchQungclichothyrngPhtgioVitNamangphibovnpsngvttngcah".
NhtboLeMondecagiitrthccptinPhpcngnhnthyrrngbnchtthtscacucutranhcaPhtgiovnbtulmt
cucutranhchotdotnngngtrongkhunkhcaminNamVitNam:
"VTngthngNgnhDimchmunbitiCnggiovGiohinythamdvochnhquynnnngaytu,vtranhchptngio
nhummuscchnhtr.BincHuxyradosnptnbocanhcmquynlmtchichonibtmncanhndnbcpht.S
tranhchpnylttrnsclpvthtnhntmcathiusCnggiocui,tronglcthnhngthithicaqunivinchinhHoa
KligymtlungdlunkhngttM.BincPhtgioliubtlichoVitNamCngHa"15
BincPhtgiotiminNamVitNamnm1963lmsinidlunquctmnhngbibovaktrnytiubiuchodluncacc
qucgiatdo,cnpheCngSnttnhinlhtscvuimng,khinchoTchcLinHipQuckhngthimlngkhoanhtaytrcchnhschk
thtngiocachDimtringcviBnTuynNgnQuctNhnQuyn.
Saunhiuphinhp,hivinccqucgiatrongTchcLinHipQucquytnhgimtphionnVitNamiutra.Ngy24thng9nm
1963,tuyisBuHiidinchnhquynNgnhDimphniquytnhnhngcuicngnhphichpnhncuciutracaphi
onLinHipQuc.ChpnhnkhngchvplcquctmcnvngNgnhNhunuisnthonnhlavmuachucnhnvinphi
onLinHipQuc.TrongnhngmumcangNgnhNhuththondbnnhtltchcchonhnvinphionchngivigiim
345/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
onLinHipQuc.TrongnhngmumcangNgnhNhuththondbnnhtltchcchonhnvinphionchngivigiim
richphnhlm"chantage".NghalnhnvinnokhngchubnhvclptrngcanhNgthngNgnhNhusanhngtmhnh
kiaratrccnglunbilnhnviny,ngthilmmtuytnqucgiacanhnvin.NhngtmhnhnybThyqunLcchintch
thuctiphnggiycangNgnhNhutrongDinhGiaLongngy2111963.(Mm1976,TrungtCnhsttnHong,ngiphlchoLinh
mcNguynVnVitiSacramento,California,cngviThiutngNguynVnChcnhnnthmtithnhnchnhngNhuchtrngdng
thon"chantage"ccnhnvinphionLinHipQucnhvanitrn,vbitrngasnhnvinphionthulmcnhiutiliu
rrngchngminhPhtgiobchDimkth,np,khngb.TrungtHonglmtCnggioCnLao,tngchhuytrigiambmtP.42
Sth).CngvthontrnymngonThmmighivotcphmcangrng:
"PhionLinHipQuccChnhphDimtipichuovchuchungcbitbngmicch"16.
NgyphioniutracaLinHipQucraHu,chnhquynaphngtmmithonngncnphionkhngtipxccving
boPhtttmhiustht.Trongdpny,nsinhiKhanhcatrngntrunghcngKhnhvcnglmtonvintrongphongtrou
tranhsinhvinhcsinh(manhVVnKhithinnayangMlmtthnhvin),mthmlnlubacatrngngKhnhnhyxung
thysinhthnmnghutotingvangchophionlu.iKhanhchbgyxngchnvchnngnitng,nhnghnhngcantrng
canginsinhyuuinyvchtrncbmttnccachtrcphionLinHipQuc,mtbmtckgiVBngtm
tttrongmtonngnmxctch:
Trongsutmtthigiankoditthng5nm1963chonthng11cngnm,trnymulavncmt,tnstPhttkhngkhcg
phtxtctnstngiDoThitrongthchinthnh,khngcmttbochnhthcnodmhohemtlicanngnchngnicnhco
haykchNgnhDimvgianhngta.(Trch"Bnminmnilo".tr.240).
Chonnhngngyuthng10nm1963vcnkodisau,PhttVitNamthhinlngtrungtrinhvitncvnguyngiithot
aukhcachngsinhlmlitngdyutranhchngboquyn.VtrvtthutranhcaPhttphtxuttmtnhnnhlchsrt
hinthcrng:
ChNgnhDimtrongsutchnnmcaitrminNamivoconngcti,ctn,cng,chtrngtiuditccthnhphn
qucgiailptonnbaonibtcngaukhchoiasqunchngkhngtheoCnggio,mmttrongnhngnnnhnvlnnnhnkh
nhcnhtlPhtgio.VPhtgiotrongcithsngcncamnhlinhnssngcnvphttrincadntcthchincucvnng
cchmngcholtngtdotnngngtrongkhunkhcaltngcngbngxhi.Nhontonkhngtvnltnginythayvo
ngikhcmnchtvnthayinhngchtrngvchnhschchocngbngvttp.Nhontonngtrnlptrngvthcdn
tcchngichNgnhDimcngnhngvngtrnlptrngvthcnychngiCngsn.imtvittcthlcvchnh
schtnphdntc,trcsaunchnimtting:khngchpnhn.NchngCngsnnhngkhngphilchngbintncVitNam
thnhmtlnhacanhngthlcngoibang.NchngchNgnhDimnhngkhngphilchngchoCngsncplytnc.N
khngnmtronglngCngsn,ncngkhngnmtronglngtbn.Nchnmtronglngdntc17.
Cuctncngchachinm20thng8cachnhquynlmtlitcccculnhovkhnngtchccaPhtgio,nhnglinhthm
Phtgiotcngnlatnhthctronglngikhiqunchng.Nhngchindchkhngbvnpdmannhmvogiitngslnho
lmchocctngsPhtgiotrthnhbiutngtinphonghnlthnhvinlnhocaphongtroutranh.
TrongsnhngtngslnhocucutranhchngchDim,ThngtaThchTrQuanglnhnvtbanhemnhNgnhginguyhim
hnc.Nm1963,NgnhNhunivikgiJerroldSchecterrng:
346/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hnc.Nm1963,NgnhNhunivikgiJerroldSchecterrng:
"Nm1961,TrQuangthuytphcemtilNgnhCnCnchitinchoTrQuangxydngmtccuchngCngtronggiohiPhtgiov
CngsnxmnhpvoGiohi.CnbnglnggipTrQuangvsgiptrthnhyutlmchoemtisuysp.TrQuanglngi
thonnhtvcmmultChnhphtluri.Cltrongtnglaichabitkhino,tntuiTrQuangsngnghavimmu"18.
KhngbitvicThngtaTrQuangyucungNgnhCngiptinbccththaykhng,haylngNgnhNhubytraxuyntc
mtnhsanglkithcangta.NhngnuqucskinthchngquaThngtaTrQuangchmungiitanhngnghingchnh
trcachnhquyn.CnborngThngtaTrQuanglngithonthchngquangNgnhNhu"suybngtarabngngi"vnglli
phphnphicpdngchochnhcucingNgnhNhuydynhngthonbonhbaonhiuschsvnhnchngni.
CnborngThngtaTrQuangmmultChnhphtluthchlmtlixuyntcvnhtitrnhbyngaytnm1956,ch
DimbtuchnhschkthPhtgiomPhtgiochcmt"mmu"lcnrngchungchominnm1963,vtnhcchkth
trngtrnqubnglnhcmtreocPhtgionhnngyPhtn,PhtgiovThngtaTrQuangmivnglniquynsngchotn
gioh.Ngoira,nuThngtaTrQuangcmthmbtmnvcnhltChnhphtlunhngNgnhNhuniththhicc
nhxutphttnhngyutno,tngcno?Hitcltrlirivy.Vvy,vinhngchnhchNgnhDim,mtloi
chcavchngMarcos(PhiLutTn),chcathiusthcdndatrngNamPhingynaythcringgThngtaTrQuangcnh
ltmquni,ngphi,giophi,chnhkhch,htlpnynlpkhccngcnhngmmu,nhnghnhngltchri.
m20thng8,khichaXLibtncng,ThngtaTrQuangcngtrongsTngNibbtgiii,nhngnhngkhocitranglnlnvo
mTng Ni Pht t nn mc d cng an mt v dy cng tm kim, phn cch, chn la m ng vn khng b bt gii v tri giam VTnh nh
trnghpThngtaTmChu,ThinMinh...haycsMaiThTruyn.TnhcnhcaPhtgioVitNamlcbygiltnhcnhchimlngc
chu,ringiviThngtaTrQuang,quhngmnhmngmngkhngctdungthn.Haingysau,ngtrncvoTaisM,
chtrngcanglnnpvonhngiChakhingbngiConnhuidngciuycangiChamkmchaconhunghng.Cng
trnvingcicThchNhtThin,mtnhstrbitnitingAnhthnhtho.TheoisCabotLodgethtrongthigianThngtaTr
Quang trongTa i s ng rt t ni, nhiu khi lm cho i s bc mnh. Mt nhn vinTa i s gii thch rng nhng nh s Vit Nam
thngcthi"nikhnghtli".HnhnhlngiVitNamtrcrimilnhs.Hcnhngctnhvcnhngkhuytim,nhng
khuytimdodntctnhgynn,khngphidooPht,vthchonnhtchohtrckhilnhshlngiVit,thngiVityu
thnggianhvyuthngphntquhngmnhtrcht.
ThngtaTrQuangsinhtilngDimin,phQungNinh,tnhQungBnh.ThngtatnthtlPhmVnBng,sinhnm1922thucmt
gianhtrungnng.LngcaThngtagnLyThycaoDuyT,cchtnhlngHi3cys.DnlngDiminvalmci,valm
mui,valmnghnngnnasccucsngtngiy.ThngtaTrQuangc3ngianhem:mtngiitulThchDiuMinh,mt
ngilPhmChnhchtnm1947,mtnginalPhmitheoVitMinhkhngchinlmyt,sautrvvngqucgiarigianhpVitBinh
ondichBoi,saunytrthnhHsquantrongquniVitNamCngHa.NhiungiQungBnhquenbitgianhThngta
thnggigianhnglgianhQuangMinhChnhi,dosghptncabnngicontrainy.ThnphThngtachtnm1945.
Saukhibngtiuhcnm13tui,ThngtaTrQuangxinquyyvtuhctimtngichangHiriccvohctichaBoQuc
Hu.Lmttngsinhhtscthngminhnhngcnghtsccngu,nhiulntngbuikhitrng,nhngnhthylThngtaTr
khoandungbobcnnmictiptctuhc.XutthntCaongHcVinHunm1944,ngchnhthctrthnhtngs.
Khongthng6nm1946,lcmi24tui,ngtheoThngtaTrraBcvcclmgiosdytiPhthcvinHNi...Cngnhbao
nhiuthanhninyunclnngchnggic,nggianhpHiPhtGiocuquccaVitMinhdoThngtaThchMtTh,mtdnbiu
347/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhiuthanhninyunclnngchnggic,nggianhpHiPhtGiocuquccaVitMinhdoThngtaThchMtTh,mtdnbiu
Quchicmu,vivingvicchngngoixmginhclpchoTquclltngcaocmlcbygingHChMinhanghhoton
dnchngthcdnPhp,kthcadntcangtixmlngVitNamthitlplinnh.
ChinstiBcVitbngnvothngChpnm1946,ThngtaTrQuangtgiHNitrvminTrungvnHuvokhongthng7nm
1947,volcquniPhpnhchimxongHuv4tnhminTrung.VHu,ngligianhpHiPhtGioCuQuctiptchotng
choVitMinhnnbPhpnghilcnbCngsn,vvyngbbtnhngchbgi10ngy.ctrtdo,nglmgingschoPhtHcVin
Hu,cphpiLtthuytphpvlmchnhimboVinm.TuyvnbPhpkimsotnhngn1952,ngcphpiNhtBnd
ihiPhtgioThgii28ngy.Nm1953,bitnglngituyctinhthnchngPhpvthnkhngchinnhngkhngphilngvinCng
sn,sLimPhngTrungVitbiblnhkimsotnntThngtaTrQuangctdoilikhpni.
ThngtaTrQuanglmttngskhckh,cnhiusch,thchchictng,vthchnhccinTyPhng.Quanhngcucmthoivi
nghayquanhngbithamluncangvvnha,tngio,lchs,tritlngtrnnhngtpchPhtgionhHiTrium,Vinmv.v...gii
trthcminTrungknhphcnglngivauynthmlivauynbc.NutinhkhnglmthngNghimXunHngvitunhngli
thnphcThngtaTrQuangdchctcphm"LngHongSm", mt cun kinh rt phc tp, kh dch c v ni dung ln vn t, vn
c vit theo i tng kinh ni v cuc gii thot tm linh cho b HyTh Hong Hu v ca vua Lng V (Ty lch 502549) do lp cao tng
TrungQuclcbygilmlsmhichoHyThcsiuthng.
Nm1954,khitncchiai,gianhThngtaTrQuangcngbphncchimin.ThngtavngiemlmHsquanthminNam
tronglcthnmuvngiemituthliminBc.Thucthnhphntiutsncmymutin,thnmuThngtabCngsnut,
giamcmtronglcngiemtngsThchDiuMinhtrongmttrnTQuccaVitMinh.Thng11nm1954ThngtaTrQuangbchnh
quynNgnhDimbtgiammyngyvti"cchntrongPhongtroHaBnh".
TheokgiJerroldSchecterthngaytkhingDimvalncmquyn,ThngtaTrQuangbytmilouvtnglaicaPhtgioVit
Nam:"CucsngdichngDimscnnguyhimvkhkhnhndithiPhpthuc,vchngtasphichungmtthikenti
na"19.DtinonngtnglaienticaPhtgionhngsut9nmtridichDim,ThngtacngnhGiohiPhtgiomin
Trungvnkhngdnhdvomtmmuhaysinhhotchnhtrno.NgaycnhngnmucachDim,lcmttcnhngtngio(tr
Cnggio),ngphitiminNamuchnglingDimlmchoavngDimlunglay,Phtgiovnngngoimitranhchp,chlohngn
nhngvtthngnibdocucchinPhpVit10nmgyramthi.Nm1957,nhnclimithamdhichThcLungvilPhtgio
caHongGiaLo,ChnhphNgnhDimcmtphionthnhuiLuangPrabang.PhiondoBtrngThngtinTrnChnhThnh
cmuviccngdnbiuNguynPhngThip,idinBvnhagiodcngThiVnKim,idinBNgoigiaongHongiSm,
cnvphaPhtgiocccThngtaTrTh,nHu,vTrQuang.Sut9nmsngdichDimtiHu,ThngtaTrQuangthnh
thongcnthmngNgnhCnvitcchnghnggintiptrnhbythinhanhnnhccaPhtgiotrcnhngpbcca
chnhquynnhktrongchngtrc.ngNgnhCnthnhthongcngnchavingthmThngta.Nhnghnhthcxgiaonyphn
nogipThngtatrnhcnhngvukhngvxuyntccanhmCnggioCnLao.
o0o
TuynhinCymunlngmgichngngng.McdPhtgiovThngtaTrQuanghtscchungnhngnnm1963,chnhsch
kthvpbccachDimlnncaoim,thamvngtrthnhHngYcaGimmcNgnhThclnncc,chtrngCnggio
hanhndnminNamcaanhemngDimvnhmCnggioCnLaolnnmcquytlit,ngDimralnhcmtreocPhtgiomu
chomtbinclmrungchuynminNam.Bdnvochntng,PhtgiovThngtaTrQuangbucphiutranhginhquynsng
348/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chomtbinclmrungchuynminNam.Bdnvochntng,PhtgiovThngtaTrQuangbucphiutranhginhquynsng
choGiohi.ChnhnghautranhcaPhtgiocdncncnghmngaycnhiungiThinChagio,cKhmmngTaThnhLa
MtiSiGn,ccGioHongcngccmtnh,lngtrinhnloirngng,thmngDimlignchophongtroutranhcaPhtgio
lphongtroCngsnlicntuynb"CngsnsptrnngpTh"khingralnhtncngchachinm20thng8.ngNhuthgncho
ThngtaTrQuangmmultchnhquyn.Sau1975,tihingoischbocagiiCnggioCnLaobytrathchuynxuyn
tcThngtalcnbCngsn.HmncidvngcaThngtahotngchoVitMinhthichintranhPhpVit(19451954)dn
chngnglmtngvinCngsnnmvng.
Nm1945,VitMinhcpchnhquyn,nm1946qunxmlcPhptrlinhchimVitNam,ngHChMinhkugitondnkhngchin
chngxmlng,likugitrndvichiubicamtcuccchmngdntccheduchocuccchmngvsnsauny,thvothiim
trun chuyn nghing nga ca t nc, vn nh ng c nhng tm lng yu nc thng ni ca hng hng lp lp nhn dn, nht l
thnhphnthanhnin,chlcthhcadntc.Nngdn,ththuyn,tus,cngchc,sinhvin,tiuthng,qunnhn,trthc,...gitrlnb
unglnplisngni,chngxmlngbovclp,thmtthanhnin24tuinhThchTrQuang,cnuidngtrongtnhyuca
dntcvophp,trongnimkiuhnhcamnVnHnh,LThngKit,TrnQucTon,TrnNhnTn,chunctheotinhthnHi
nghDinHng,cngdnthntheokhngchinliuttnhin.CngnhnhngthanhninPhmDuy,thanhninNguynMnhCn,thanhnin
DonQucS,vhngtriuthanhninkhclnngtheokhngchin.VuaBoicntbngaivngbngcnhngquynchoVitMinh,
gimmcLHuTcnlmcvntngiochoHChMinh,giochHunhPhScnvobngtheoVitMinhkhngchin,vnhoNguyn
TngTamcnlmBtrngNgoigiaochoVitMinh,lnhtVitNamQucDnngVHngKhanhcnkvoHipcSbngy6thng3
nm1946cngVitMinhnhPhp...thtisaoThngtaTrQuanglikhngtheoVitMinh?TiminTrung,nhcchmngHunhThc
KhnglmBtrngNivchoVitMinh,ccnhns,trthctingtmnhoDuyAnh,PhanKhi,BiBngon,LnhThm,v.v...utheo
VitMinhthtisaongithanhninTrQuanglikhngtheophongtroVitMinhkhngchin?iuquantrngngnilnm1954,khiranh
giiQucCngcphnnhrrngthThngtaTrQuangcngchmdtmihotngchoVitMinh,viuquantrngnhmCng
gioCnLaolikhngnin.
AnhemngDimvnhmCnggioCnLaokhngninnhngkgingoiqucnin,bitrlptrngcaPhtgioVitNamca
ThngtaTrQuangllptrngchngCng:
"...ChnhphDimlpilplirngPhongtroutranhcaPhtgionm1963lphongtrocaCngsn.Nhngtheonghincucanhnvin
cao cp ca chnh quyn Hoa K thTr Quang c lin h vi Vit Minh, chng Php, v khi chng li cc Chnh ph min Nam Vit Nam
chngluncCngsn.ChtrngcaPhtgiolmuntodngmtncVitNamtrunglp,hchnglischiacttncnm1954v
timinBc,hgpnhiukhkhn,hkhngccmtnhviCngsn"20.
NgiVitminNamdihaichNhtvNhCngHahainiti"trunglp"v"habnh"thbchpmCngsn.Nhngnhlnho
minNamkhngthccrngchnhCngsnVitNammilklosmtminNam"trunglpvhabnh",nhtlmtminNamgianhpvo
khi"philinkt".
Hungchi,cringgPhtgiochtrng"trunglpvhabnh"mngaycGiochCaoiPhmCngTc,saukhitncchiaicngch
trngminNam"trunglpvhabnh".TitinrngnhiubccaonincaCaoicngnhnhiuchnhkhchcaminNamthibygi,cn
sngsttihingoichonngynay,cngcnnhrngGiochPhmCngTcihiThtngNgnhDimnnthchinchtrng
"trunglpvhabnh"chnglimmuthntnhminNamcaCngsnBcVit.
NgaycngDimsaukhibtngkinviCuhongBoitiHngKngnm1948cngchtrngphibttayvikhngchin.Nm
349/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NgaycngDimsaukhibtngkinviCuhongBoitiHngKngnm1948cngchtrngphibttayvikhngchin.Nm
1950,trnngiM,khighquaHngKngngtuynb:"ChnhphtnglaiphilChnhphgmnhngngiangcmsngkhng
chin",nhtinitrongmtchngtrc,vyngDimcngthnCnghaysao?
Nhclichtrng"trunglpvhabnh",tikhngkhinhnHinghBandung:
Ngy1thng2nm1955,ThtngNamDngnhndanhkhiColombo,idinMinin,TchLan(Phtgio),n(ngio),HiQuc
(HiQucvNamDngutheoHigio)mimtsqucgiatrongccminNamVitNam(mkhngcCngsnHNi)thamd,m
mnchovicthnhlp"KhiCcQucgiaPhiLinKt",trunglptrongcuctranhchpgiaCngsnvTbn.ylmtnlcnhmtoon
ktchoccqucgiatam("chmtin")thnhmtscmnhquctphvcitrttcagngkm"lngccCngsn,Tbn"doNgaXv
HoaKpt.SthnhhnhcanlktqunhngvnngkhkhnkinnhncanhngchinsdycngtranhuchohabnhnhNehru,
Thtngn,nhTito,QuctrngNamT.NgaycTrungCng,mtncCngsnkhngl,nhnccilithchnhtrcaKhiPhiLin
Ktcngphitmcchvongchungvicctiuquc.NcMininnhbvclpgiavngrngnicaonguynnhtrongKhiPhi
LinKtvnhthtrunglpmbntrongdittrcCngsnMin,bnngoilicTrungCng(ngaycdithiMaoTrchng)phi
tntrngnnclp,trunglptrnvn.ngUThant,mtchnhtrgiaMinin,gichcTngthkTchcLinHipQucnhainhimk.
ChtrngVitNamtrunglpphilinktlmtsngtochnhtrtchccvlmtnggpqugicaPhtgioVitNamchodntctrongci
vinnh,ticthaychaingHvNgugioiuvthincnnnkhngnhnthyc,dolmchotnctangthngvdntc
iulinhmichonngynay.
Nm1955,GiosNguynVnThoi,BtrngKinht,vtngTrnhMinhThccithamdHiNghBandung,nhngkhnglmg
cgvngaytgcvtu,ngNgnhDimtnguyntminNamnmtrongquocaHoaKri.Khngngtrongkhitrunglp
philinkt(trunglpmvncthchngNgaXvnhnvintrHoaKnhNamTcaTito,hayvncMnghvhohonviTrung
CngnhMinin)chonnsuthaiminmchngCng,minNamVitNamkhngckhingo"philinkt"huthun,mlicnb
ccncBcutychay.
aunnhnlilchs,numinNamVitNamsauHipnhGenve1954bitchnconngtrunglpnhkhtvngcaPhtgio,thbitu
thngt1975khngxyrarikhimtncvotayCngsn,luvongnixngi,nhiuchnhkhch,lnht,tngt,trthc,cgilntr
mongcuVitNamsaukhicgiithotkhichCngsnslmtqucgiatrunglp.
TrlivicucutranhPhtgionm1963,mtcucutranhctnhcchnhndnmVitCngangtmcchtranhginhnhhng,cp
lnhoPhtgiophilmsngtlptrngcamnh,mtmttrnhtnhtrnglidngcaVitCng,mtkhctrnhsxuyntcca
chnhquyn.
Trc ht l lp trng ca Thng ta Thch H Gic, mt chc sc cao cp ca Gio hi. K gi Jerrold Schecter trong tc phm New Face of
Buddhaklirng:
ThngTaHGicnguynlcontraicamtthnggiagiuctiminNam,ngtalnPhnomPenhsngvithnph.Misutuingvo
chatuhc,nnm1958,ngtrthnhmttngs.TrvVitNamvchudukhpvngPhtgionguynthy(Therevada)gnbingiiVit
MinhholikoPhttnghChnhphNgnhDim.Nhngnnm1963,khibincPhtgioxyra,ngtatheophongtrotranhu
chnglichNgnhDim.ngtahtscbtmnvnhnglixuyntcPhtgiolCngsnhaychorngPhtgiogipCng
sn.ngtani:"TyphngvHoaKkhnghiugvPhtgiocvthminyratmlchbitiVitNam.NgiHoaKnghrng
PhtgiothnCngsn,gipchoCngsn.TriliPhtgiorakhngbitbaoxngmumvnbChnhphphnbi.Nnnhrng
350/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
PhtgiothnCngsn,gipchoCngsn.TriliPhtgiorakhngbitbaoxngmumvnbChnhphphnbi.Nnnhrng
80%binhstrongquniutheooPhtvnungiMmuncmttiminNam,hphichpnhnPhtgiolchlccnbntixny.
HphithnhthcgipchoPhtgio".ThngTaHGiccnnirng:"PhttvinhndnVitNamlmt.Nguynvngcanhndncng
lnguynvngcangiPhtt".
(GhichcakgiJerroldSchecter:"Trongs16triudnVitNamc12triuPhttthtshaychthPht.Khongchng2triutrongs12
triuthucvphiTherevada,scnlithPhtgioBctngvnhngngitheo"TamgiongNguyn").NutrnghpThngtaH
GicralchmunnutrnghpmttngscaocphtlngnghchDimmcuicngnhphiutranhchnglichnhschkth
tngiocach.Thtra,nhhngtriuPhttVitNamubitrngtonthtngsPhtgiocaitheoCngsnu(trvivskhng
tntuibCngsnlidng).
NgoikgiJerroldSchecter(kgichuynnghincuvoPht)kgiStanleyKarnowcngchngminhPhtgioVitNamkhngcmtlinh
noviCngsnc.Karnowvitrng:
TrongbincPhtgio,chDimchorngtonthnivudobntaycaCngsn,dmtbcstingtmkhikhmnghimthnthcc
nnnhncavlunntiiPhtthanhHu,cngnhnlitcocaPhtgiolng,nhngChnhphDimgtbttrnh.Phtgio
cngyucuChnhphtrngtrkgyravmu,nhngChnhphDimcngkhngmxagnliyucu.
BygithPhtgiophitranhu,vithigianngnngimhthulmcktqutuytdiu.PhtgiokhngclinhgviCngsnht
nhnghdngkthutnhkthutcaCngsn.Htchcnhngttamch,thitlpccbchhuyticccha,ritruynn,treobiu
ng,vnhiuhnhthctuyntruynkhc.Hvnnggianhbinhsvcngchclikonhngthnhphnnyngvohngngutranh
caPhtgio,v.v...21.
RtnhiukgiquctkhccngcngmtnhnnhnhKarnow.
TronglcthchnhquynKennedydavobnphctrnhcatnhboM,bitPhtgiokhngphilCngsnnncgngkhuynco
TngthngDimnnthahipviPhtgiocngcucchngCngkhibngngtr,nukhngthminNamsvcngbtn.Ttrnhcatnh
boMngy10thng7nm1963nghincuvphntchrrngqua3nhnnhchinlcsauy22:
A.BincPhtgiotiVitNamlmnibtvgiatngnibtmnludivsurngcadnchngivingDimvcungcchcaitrca
ngta.NungDimkhngchuthnhthcvmauchnggiiquytvPhtgiothtnhhnhtrnnvcngbtn,mtcucmsthocmtcuc
ochnhscthxyraddnghnbaogiht.
B.VbincPhtgiomChnhphDimlmchoshindinvsthamchincaMtiminNamVitNammtchnhngha.Tnhtrngny
bucHoaKphigimbtmchindintiminNamtrongtnglai.
C.Rrngchonbygi,PhtgiochabCngsnlidngvkhaithc,vbincPhtgiochacmthuqunoclichohotng
phinlonca"MttrnGiiphngminNam".ChngtikhngtinrngngDimsbltbiCngsn.VchngticngkhngtinrngCng
sncnlidngbincPhtgionungDimbltbinhngphntilpkhngCngsn...MtchkhngCngsnnitipch
DimlcusthiuhiunngchngCng,nhngnucHoaKtiptcnghvxydngmtslnhockhnngthcthcmt
chnhphtt23.
351/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NulnmtsnhnnhvphctrnhlthyPhtgioVitNamkhngphilmttchcthnCng.Chnhnghautranhchngboquyn
caPhtgiocdncnc(trCnLaoCnggiovCngsn)ymtr,ccthgiitdobiungtnh,thmanhemngDimcmt
mcgnchoPhtgiolCngsn.Thmchsaunm1975,rancngoi,bochCnLaoCnggiocnxuyntcphbnghnhngtthiu
caHathngThchQungc.HborngHaThngbtimthucchochtcngribyralmmichongnla.Maymhnhngt
thiuhohngcaNgichngchckgingoiquc(vncPhtgiobmtthngbochobittrc)nquayphim,chphnh,vit
tngtrnhtrcnhtthiucthgiinhnbitstht.Cuctthiuvinylmrngngcontimnhnloicngcmtnhnchng
lngHunhVnHi(hinsngSanJose,California)ngitixngvothnthHathngklitngchitittrnnguytsanChnHng(xut
bntiLosAngeless4ngy881978).
Mtskinlchscngkhai,minhbchnhthmnhngtaychnnhNgcndmitrngthayenthcnbitbaonhiuchuynkhch
xuyntcsththuchelpticcaNgtriuvcah.
Bith"LaTbi"caThihoVHongChngmtitrchlimtphnsauycangivtthiulchsnilncitinhthnHavHa
caoPht:
...Ngisiuthnggingbolngty.
BngNgivtchntngmy,
NhngianmtribngcyB.
Ngchaytngchngcnaitc,
Lahaytrenokhinbtaighi,
ChNgingimtthinthutuyttc,
TrongvhnhsngchintTBi.
...
ingnlahuynvi!
Thgiibanghnphtgiyngngc,
Tcivminhhngvcclc
Vniucathinhnchcnlrmrc,
Vchnguynclrmrc,
ThchylntheoviliKinh,
352/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ThchylntheoviliKinh,
TngchoNhnloihabnh,
TrcsaubnvngtnhHuynhny.
VHongChng
(SiGnthng5,PhtLch2507)
i!NgnlahuynvicaBttThchQungcvlithhngtrngcathihoVHongChnglmxcngnhngianthmkhngcmha
nilngdcanhngconngivnlhuducaVuaConstantin,caPigneaudeBhaine,AlexandredeRhodes,Puginier,...
NhnbithcaVHongChng,tikhngqunnhclicunsch"NhngBnVcichtcaVitNam"cangPhmKimVinh,cunsch
cccngoSPhuvVPhinnghimkhcphphn24.
Quatcphm"NhngBnVcichtcaVitNam",tinhnthyngPhmKimVinhkhngbitrvTngthngNgnhDimcngnhv
ThngtaTrQuang,thmnglihtlicatngngDimcngnhnnglimtstThngtaTrQuang.bnhvcngDim,tcgiPhm
KimVinhborng:"PhtgiolmhingDimvchngingqu"(trang82).NhngsauPhmKimVinhsmtnhngsachalinhng
sailmdongnulntrongtcphmsutaycangvittiHoaK.
TrchtngmntiTngnimVHongChnglnnchNgnhDim:
SauVnMui,giiyuthcncdpthngthcnhngthiphmxutsckhccaVHongChngnhMy,Say,RngPhongvTmSK
SangTn.Vithigian,thiphmcahVangtichngrtcaotronggiilmthvxngngcthhthistrxngtngln
anh.
Vivcdngthsinh,ngnngrtnha,vinhiuthiphmlngmntaihiucrngbntrongnhthynungnumtngnlaquytlit
chnglimihnhthcbolcvboquyn.Nm1963bith"LaTBi"btumangnchoVHongChngnhngstrthhnhcca
Ngtriuvbithylntingkhngkhichngisnptngio.NhngstrthychlmchouytncahVtnglnvtmhnca
ngdocngthmcaoc25.
ChngnhnglnnchNgtriulchbolc,boquyn,ngPhmKimVinhcn"p"ngNgnhDimxungtnbndquatcphm
LchsChinucaQunlcVitNamCngHa..Vitcphmny,PhmKimVinhkhngticlimitthngDim,nol"bttibttr",no
l"nguxun,thincn,bphi,kth",nol"thngphtbtminh",nol"dngqunictbovcighTngthngtrc",nol"coi
binhlnhnhthiphongkin"ricuicngkttingDimlmsasttinhthnqunichoVitCngtocchinthng.ngPhmKim
VinhcngkhngqunlnnngDimnhnvnchngCngtiVitNamnhlvncaringgianhhNg.ngPhmKimVinhcnkt
nngDimrtnngnquatrnthmbi"pBc"unm1963:
DnoinathnglicaitrcangtatoiukinchothgiibnngoicoirshysinhcaqunlcVitNamCngHa.TrnpBc
chlmttrongnhiutrnnh,QunlcVitNamCngHatiptcxthnchinutrongkhinhngklnhongitiSiGnvnguxun
vvchnghnquynlivkthphn,trittiumtccktqucabaonhiuxngmuvhysinhcaqunlcymitonncsau
353/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vvchnghnquynlivkthphn,trittiumtccktqucabaonhiuxngmuvhysinhcaqunlcymitonncsau
nhngthngnmchinugiankh26.
ThlngPhmKimVinhcngnhncucutranhcaPhtgionm1963lmtcucutranhchngbolcvboquyn,vktting
Dimlphongkin,gianhtr,ngtr,thamnhng,thint,...CungcchcaitrcangDimlmchothgiikhinhbvemthnglichoCng
sn.
o0o
PhtgioctnhdntcvcchmngvPhtgiolmttngiosinhng,thctinvkhoahc.Phtgiolmttngiosngchkhngphi
tin.oPhtnghmtconngtmlinhnhmitrnhngaukh,nhcnhn,xtxacaconngi.Biucuchnhtrnhutinca
Phtgiolmtngthngmgckhihnhlmtngaivnglngly,quynuy,sangtrng,mimnlmcngdnviichntrnthuc
giaicphtinnhtcaxhin,chkhngphingcli.
Bitbaonhiubckhoagip,sphu,nhcchmngVitNamcangioPht.Vothicni,nhngtrthc,hcgimtntui,tingtm
vangdikhpquhngnhccngTrnVnGip,TrnTrngKim,NguynTrngThut,NguynngChi,LnhThm,oTrinhNht,Phm
Qunh,PhanVnHm,HunhPhS,LngA,oDuyAnh,ThuGiangNguynDuyCn,HongXunHn,...tnvinhoPht.Gny,nh
vitsLVnSiu,mtnhvnmgiitrthc,vnnghsVitNamvonhngthpnint1940n1970khngmyaikhngbitting,trnh
byciihnhdoPhtgioemnchodntcVittrongtcphmcang:
NgiGiaoChunvioPhtkhngbngtugicmbngtnhcm.Hayningclicngvy,oPhtbtrtronglngngiGiao
Chuhnlvotrongc.
Do,tacthnimkhngsbcichnhlkhioPhtvoGiaoChu,khngnhngnnolythnhogiocaxsGiaoChum
ccPhtna,cnglilcPhtcadnGiaoChunt.GiadtinhthnbaodungcaoPhtlirnglm,khnghcgrngbucngitn
lhtheoTathkhngctheogkhcTana,hocnhngthcchnymingtheomuncaTa,cnthkhclkhngng,mng
thmicvonitbn,cnkhngngthphivoangc.
MtthisngcbitcangiGiaoChuvadohoncnhxhiquynhsn,livadochnhstuPhtnugngthtnglu,y
lthitrngiulngha,limshnquynli,vtcht,trngcitnhcaconngiixvinhauhncilquayquthubpcnhau.
oPhtvoGiaoChulmtiuihnhchodntcVitNamvy27.
Ngoira,nhsngnhnbnvtrtucaoPhtcncngngycngcccnhbchc,tritgia,hcgithgii,vcnhngnhtuhnh
ThinChagiotnvinhgiolvchtrngTBi,HaBnhcaoPht.
HcgiMichaelH.Harttrongtcphmsphng100nhnvtnhhngnhtthgiivitrng:
oPhthnxaoThinChavoHivyutnhhiuha.Khuynhhngthinvchtrngbtbonggimtvaitryngha
tronglchschnhtrcaccqucgiatheooPht.
TrongkhioPhtcngcnhiuhphivinhiudbitlnlao,nhnglchsoPhtkhngcmtbincnocthsosnhcvinhng
354/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrongkhioPhtcngcnhiuhphivinhiudbitlnlao,nhnglchsoPhtkhngcmtbincnocthsosnhcvinhng
cucthnhchinmmunhxyrauChucaoThinCha.tnhtltrnphngdinny,nhnglidycacPhttracnh
hngtrnPhttsuxahnnhhngcanhnglidycacChatrnccconchin28.
TritgiaThinChagioYoungtrongphnktluncabitachocunDnnhpvoPhtgioThincahcgiNhtBnSuzukivit:
TicmthyctrchnhimphchngiTyphnglivoconng(O)thmsuhnhtttcmiconngdnnsgicng29.
NgaycLinhmcH.M.LasallethucDngTn(trongChemindeLIllumination,DDB,1965,trang8)cngkhngngngkugiscnhtnhca
thgiiTyPhng:
Typhngsaukhithngtruynchongphngnhngchinhphcctronglnhvckhoahcvkthut,giyliphiquayvving
phngcucu.Phinirng,trongthgiingphngcbitbaonhiuphngtingipttisbnhanchotmhnmTyphng
vnmtt30.
Cngngynhngnhkhoahc,tritgia,hcgi,nhtngiocngbitutvmtthgiimtrongtnglaicthbhyditbinhngkhgii
gitngikinhkhng.Do,hcnghngvoPhtmchnlcthkhaingchonhnloivgiithotcvinnhenti.
NhnganhemngDimlikhngthycinhsngchnlmchbitnoigngHongConstantin,vHongdngbolcmmang
ncCha,mrngqucCnggioLaM.TahynghelitathncangLChnhTrung,mttrthcCnggiovchtrngcaHong
ConstantinmanhemngDimlnhnghudutrungthnhnht:
...Ldnhin,cucnhtihunylmmangncCha,nhngs"mmangncCha"ikhiingcliquynlimtsdntc.Chnghn
tthiPhchngchotinhngnmgny,chnhschcaVaticantrncnbnvnlcuktvinhngcngqucTyphngtheogtnhng
onqunvinchinhgingo,vtrongccncthuca,binccgiohibnxthnhnhngrngctcachthcdn.
Thn,Phtgioctruynbnhmttngiothunty,khngphalnvimttroluchnhtrno,cngkhngcmttchcquctr
rtnnkhnggynnnhnghiulmngticnhCnggio.
TronggiohiCnggiothtrili,khuynhhngngknvtmnhindinngaytrnbnhdintpthvgiohitthcmnhnhmtdntc
cThinChachnlagiaophchosmngcurinhnloi.GiohilconngcnhtatiThinCha:"NgoiGiohikhngthc
s cu ri" (Hors de lEglise, Point de Salut).T khi gio hi thnh Quc gio di triu i Constantin v nm c nhng th lc ln lao th "cy
gmtinhthn"cathnhPhaoLlunlunbcmd,binthnhcygmthpthts.Giohikhngngnngidngnthlc
tiuditcctngiokhc,pphccnth"tthn",tschvngoiovtlunnhngngibxeml"lco"nukhngchusasai.
Trongxhiloingi,giohikhngbaogichucngnhnchocctngiokhchocchonhngngikhngCnggiociquynnningang
hngvimnhbicildogindlchgiohimicstht,micquynnni.cGioHongGregoireXVIgi"tdoboch"l"tdotai
hinht,ngghtnht,kinhtmnht"mmtsngidmihimtcchnocungnhitvqungbkhpmini.
Tinghrngchnhsbtkhoandung(vnhiuldokhc)khinchoGiohivachmmtcchnngnviccdntcngvkhng
mmntrongvicraogingtinmngtrongvngny.Saubnthkgingovinhngphngtinhnghu,nhnghysinhlnlao,phinhn
rng s ngi ng theo o Cng gio tht l t i ngoi tr ti x Phi Lut Tn. ( l ch mi nhn n s lng. Nu nhn n phm lng
"qualit"thclktqucnkhimtnhnna:chacmtGiohingnosnxutcmtvthnh,vtrnhoctrungbnhca
355/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"qualit"thclktqucnkhimtnhnna:chacmtGiohingnosnxutcmtvthnh,vtrnhoctrungbnhca
ngiThinChagiongkhngcggil"cao"hnnhngngikhngThinChagio).Ldocnbncaktqukhimtnyphichng
lvngingkhitheoophilycchcngngDnTc.ChnhvGioHixemccnnvnhanglvgitr,sailm,tilido
gnnhbtbucngingphilachngiadntcvgiohi31.
TrcLChnhTrung,hcgioDuyAnhcngninthicangiVitdntckhcthchpnhn"ThinChagio"dngiVitvnl
mtdntchahi,vnmrngvngtaynchonhngtngio,tnngngxaltthk16,17.ngoDuyAnhvitrng:
LysmttriuritnCcgiomsovidnshn20triuthtathynhhngcaCcgionctacngkhngmnhlm.Thc
rathdntaphnnhiuchorngCcgiokhngthanhnssngbittinltrivilunlvvnhachucata,chonnemlngkth.
TrongsngitheoCcgio,mtphnrtlnlvlimtheochkhngphivtnngngsuxa,chonntacthnirngnhhngtinh
thncaCcgioividntalicnthnnhngthnhtchthchinc32.
XinlurngnhngconsngoDuyAnharalvothik1938.Nhngchonnm1965,nghalgn30nmsau,mcdchDimp
bucdnchngminNamtheoCnggio,thmchaiminNamBcvnchctrnhaitriubatrmngngiodntrongtngsgnnmmi
triudnVitNammthi33.
CngvngiVitgnbvitruynthngdntc,thmthitvitnhtquhngchonndccgiosngoiqucdngthphngtin,
binphpnhsngn,thlc,tinbchmda,muachuc,ddmongcubinVitNamthnhmttnh,quncancPhp"filleainede
lEgliseCatholique"mvnkhngthnhcng.
Ticthay,anhemngDimkhngchunhncigngtylipylivnitheoconngcaConstantin,caGregoireXVImualycicht
thmnhc.
ChtrngtrithPhtgio,anhemngDimhngvbamctiurrt:
TrthccphongtroCnVng,phongtro"BnhTyStT"vchnhschcmocaccvuanhNguynthk19.
CngvivicdndnvopChinlc,nngmcCnggiohanhndnminNamvogiaionquytnh,nubpccucu
tranhcaPhtgio.
VhiuhamtlclngchngCngcasnhndnddngthahipviCngsn,vicmtisnititrongchngsau.
ChtrngcanhNgchngnhnglmtticividntcmcnlhnhngingcdnglchs,konhndnVitNamtrvthi
TrungClchu.AnhemnhNglicnkhngnhnrarngncChaangmingymithuhpvtnkhpthgiimingymiquaylng
ngonhmtviGiohiVaticanhngvcucsngnhnbn,khaiphng,tinbhn.
Schlcnp,khngbPhtgiotiVitNamvonm1963cachCnggiotrNgnhDimnhcnhtinhlibinctnst,trith
oTinLnhcaCnggioPhpvocuithkth17.Ngy17thng10nm1685,vuaLouisXIVkmtoluttoTinLnhrangoi
vngphplut.Kt,lnhcanhvuavnhngngiCnggioPhptritphccnhthTinLnh,lngbtccmcsvtnTinLnh
giamcmvsthi.T250ngnngin400ngnngiTinLnhphibncrailnhnn,scnlibty,bgitcht,haybbtlm
nl.Cngt,nhnloilnnticcavuaLouisXIV,cnccsgiaPhpgihnhngbongccanhvuallmnhcqucth.Vcng
356/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nl.Cngt,nhnloilnnticcavuaLouisXIV,cnccsgiaPhpgihnhngbongccanhvuallmnhcqucth.Vcng
t,oTinLnhkhpthgiimingymtbnhtrngphttrinmnhlnthm,tnoCcgioboctheooTinLnhng
hn.
o0o
BincPhtgiovonhngthngmaThunm1963linhngntngsuxatrongtmhnti.BococaccTy,SAnNinhQuni
cakhpbnQunkhugivunhnmnhntnhtrngsuysptinhthncaqunnhncccp.RingQunkhuIthassquanutrc
tiphaygintipymtrchophongtroutranhcaPhtgio,chngiChnhph.Tuynhin,nhqunivnctruynthngtntrngklut
chonnnthngTmchacmuthunnocngkhainthnhbolc.Dvy,tnhtrngquninhnhngtsngngmchchchi
thuntinbinthnhnhngngnsngthnlmtanvch.
Nhngmkhuyakhng,tibcghbrasnnmnhnnhngvsaobngrirngmsuynghvtnglaicach,tnglaicatnc
nutnhtrngmuthungiachnhquynvnhndnctheonygiatng.TicnghitngngDimvtit1942chonbygihi
tngtrongsngsutcamtngiphnvntrcmtquytnhsinht,hitngtrongtdocamtngihiurbnphnvtrchnhimca
mnhiviTqucvdntc,hitngtrongtthcamtngimangltngchngCngbovtdovnhnphm.
NhngbinngdndpbanngycabincPhtgiovncndmlmsingsyntnhcamgiinghimchpchn.Tihitngli
qukhtnm1942,ngymtitheongDimhotngcchmng,ngymtichackinhnghimutranhvimthcchnhtrcnnon
km,ngymtichaamhiususcnhngbnlchscni,chanhnbitrrngvbnchtngiCnggio,vxutxngDimvdng
hng.Lcbygi,hnhtrangcativnvnchcchttnhtviquhngdntc,chclnghngsaycangithanhninybumu
nng,tinhnthyningDimlmtbcqunt,lmtnhiqucocvlimchnh.Phisngvothik19301940,thivngsonca
quan li Nam triu mi nhn thy vic ng t b a v Thng th u Triu l thi ca k s gng mu. T ti mt lng knh trng ng,
ngngmngnhmtlnht,nhmtvthy,ncnhiulctiphidngcinghathytrbinminhvbnhvcnhngtilica
ng,nhtltnm1960trvsau.
Nhnggiythnhnghnhnhdmantnbocamtcunphimthitrungchinrtrcmtti.TinhnthyanhemngDim,trongsut
chnnmqua,chngnhnglhngngikhngctinngmcngchngcoc.thhlichibQuctHngVng,khinhmnanh
hnglitn,hcncchtrngtiudittruynthngttpcachang,tiuditnnvnhacthcadntc.Tinhnthyhchlotrith
cctngio,ngphivnhngngiyuncilpvihphcvchoquynligianh,phenhmvgiohiLaMmthi.Tinhnthy
anhemngDimchlhinthnrrtcaVuaConstantin,VuaLouis14,caAlexandredeRhodes,PigneaudeBhainehvnhmCnggioCn
Laophengcahnhnhngkngoiqucsngtrnquhngmnh,nhkngoinhnnhdnmnh,ncmnh,hvimtchnh
schhkhckhngmtchtlngtrcnividnbnx.
Lngtixaoxuynvdaong,ticsuynghkcnghnvlidycacThtn:
"HyngheythndnKalama,ngbaogisamtheocclinh,theocctptchaycciungheni,ngbaogisamtheovnbn
tngio,nhngllunnthunhaysuyl,ngtheoonh,ngvthvuimtiunhngdlunkhngu,cngngtinnhngiutngl
cthc,nhtlngtinvoai,vnghrngklthymnh...".
"NhngTKheoTriNgThuytPhpNhPhitDGi,PhpThngngXHHungPhiPhp"(nChnhPhpmcnphibhhung
PhiPhp),lidytrongkinhKimCangbngnhhaivngNhtNguytuitanmtitrongucti.
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1 NationalGeographic(s4Vol.164,thng101983),tr.460.
3 TuynngncacTngThnggioHiPhtgioVitNamcngbngy10thng5nm1963tiHu,trong"LchsTranhucaPhtgio
VitNam"caKimt.
4 TuynngncacTngThnggioHiPhtgioVitNamcngbngy10thng5nm1963tiHu,trong"LchsTranhucaPhtgio
VitNam"caKimt.
5 David,Halberstam,TheMakingofaQuagmire,tr.199,vghichthmcatcgi:VgiosngicdytiihcHumHalberstam
cp,tngchngkincucnpPhtgiocachDim,chpchnhnhxetngcaChnhphlnnhngxcchtcaPhtt
HunnngbdyvriVitNamngaysau.Trnngvnc,khidnglitiPhnomPenh,nghpbotrnhbyhnhnhchpc
vikgiquctlmbngchngchonhnglicobucchDimnptngio.
6 TuynngncacTngthngGioHiPhtgioVitNamcngbngy10thng5nm1963tiHu,trong"LchsTranhucaPhtgio
VitNam"caKimt.
7 LQun,NhngXuynTcvNgNhnvPhtgioVitNam,boKhaiPhng(s6),tr.38.
8 DavidHalberstam,TheMakingofaQuagmire,tr.212.
9 JosephButtinger,Vietnam:APoliticalHistory,tr.446.
10 Nm1973,tronglotbi"TrmnmCngLun"phntchtnhhnhtncngtrnnhtboThchtiSiGn,tcgicpnvn
nyvinhiuchitit.
11 WiliamMiller,HenryCabotLogde,tr.344.
12 LKhiVit,HaiNgnNmVitNamvPhtgio,tr.43.
13 WiliamMiller,HenryCabotLogde,tr.344.
14 Kimt,LchSuTranhcaPhtgioVitNam,tr.90,100.
15 Kimt,LchSuTranhcaPhtgioVitNam,tr.115126.
17 LQun,NhngXuynTcvNgNhnvPhtgioVitNam,boKhaiPhng(s6),tr.39.
18 JerroldSchecter,TheFusionOfReligionandPoliticsinContemporyBuddhism,tr.156.
19 JerroldSchecter,TheFusionOfReligionandPoliticsinContemporyBuddhism,tr.156.
20 MarvinE.Gettleman,VietnamHistories,DocumentsandOpinions,tr.305.
22 NeilSheehan,ThePentagonPapers,tr.193.
23 Lurngkhibntngtrnhcvitra,TngthngKennedyvncnnghmnhmTngthngNgnhDimvquniVitNamCng
Hachacnhngvnngltch.
24 TrongnguytsanNhnbn(s16ngy1thng7nm1978)tcgioSPhuvit:"PhmKimVinhsuylunmtchiuctcdnguc
qunchngvcngtaihi,dlmqunchngmqung,qukhch.ChNgnhDimlchquanli,phongkin,gianhtr,ngtr,k
th,nhtltnm1958trvsaukhngdnhdpgvichnghaNhnVhayhotrngiytc.ocNgnhDimkhngchligchox
hiVitNamviphngthcchnhvy.TrilihuqusailmcachDimlmtxutngtlnnmquynchnhtr,tngiochi
358/611
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25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhau".
CnngVPhintrongtpch"VnhcNghThut"(s1thng4nm1978),trang8788)vit:"NhngbinctiVitNamhycnqumi
mivolchs,phichngvvymtcgitpbinkhonykhngcginglnhlngcangivits,sdngmtbtphpsini
camtngitrongcuc...Trongnhittnhsinitcgikhngngnngithngtaymtstnhngnhnvtbktti,gihltnn,tnkia,l
hnlchng...chodhlNgoitrng,ltnglnh...".
NguytsanPhtgio(s15thng9nm1979),tr.11.
PhmKimVinh,LchSChinucaQunLcVitNamCngHa,tr.37,39.
LVnSiu,VitNamVnMinhSLcKho,tr.315,317.
MichaelHart,The100:ARankingoftheMostInfluentialPersoninHistory,tr.55,56.
D.T.Suzuki,IntroductiontoBuddhismZen,tr.33.
NguynXuynVit,TrvvioPht,nguytsanQuM(s48thng111981),tr.26,27.
LChnhTrung,TnGiovDnTc,tr.6578.
oDuyAnh,VitNamVnHaSCng,tr.224.
TpchRalitsVietnamiennes(1969)ghirngminNamc1,559,077ngiCnggio,nghal10.53%catngsdnminNam,tronglc
minBcchcchng800,000ngiCnggio.
Chng16
TNGMINHVIM
NTHAHIPVICNG
TronglcbincPhtgioangsinithtronggiichnhtrvtnhbotiThSiGnchaivncngctholunvtheodignnh
cng khai. l ngun tin v nhng vn ng ca chnh quyn NhuDim nhm tha hip vi Cng Sn H Ni v nhng tin tc v cc cuc o
chnhcthxyra.
SiGnnhlncnstmahvinhngtinnphngi,nhnggithuytymuthunvnhngvnngngmsini.tivmmu
thahipviHNiltinngbngnhtvkhngnhngnlinhnchDimmcntrctiptonhiuhqulnlaochovnmnhca
minNamTDo.
Saucchmng1111963,ccbmtttlraquacctiliuVitNamvquct,nhngnhnchngtrongcuccngtttitlnhngskinc
thtacthnghimtctrnhbylidintincammuny,cngnhtacthchnchnsuynghimvbincmhaianhemNhuDim
angttheoMnchngMvangtchngCngnthahipviCng.
mmuthahipvichnhquynCngSnHNicachDimlmttrongnhngngcquantrng,nukhngmunnilngcthch
nht,thcyqunicngvitondnnglnlmcuccchmng11163.ngnchnvtrngphtdnghNgnh.Chnhmmu
nylnguynnglclmchonhiutchcchngchcthonkthptcvinhaumkhngngingng,vnkhitingsngcch
mngphtkhithcconthqunchngvnhndncnccngumtlngymtrchocuccchmngltNgtriuthnhcng.
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CnhiunguynnhndnnquytnhthayilptrngvchnhschchngCngcahaianhemngNgnhDimnhngtutrungcth
gmlitrongbnimchnh:thnhtlschngicnglccngquytlitcanhndnvcclclngchnhtrilptiminNamthhail
plccnglccngnngncalclngchnhtrvtrangcakthCngSnthbalscngthngtrongmibanggiaoVitMmnhng
vcthmangnccdihitrmtrngvtht,quantrngnht,lbnchtthoncngnhtnhchquancangNgnhNhu.Nuchc
mt,hayhai,haycbanguynnhnmthithchachchaingDimNhuthahipviCngSn,nhngvbnnguynnhnvakhchquan
vachquanny,chmchpnhngchcchn,cngphihpvinhaunnnhbtlptrngchngCngcaanhemNgnh,dtlu
mithgitanhrutbtgcrvotmtrh,vdsnghipchnhtrcahcxydngtrnquyttmchngCngcaqundnminNam.
o0o
Thtvy,nhtitrnhbytronghaichng11v12,caotrochngicaqundnminNamtrcchnhschctivnpcclclng
qucgiacachnhquynNgnhDimcnglccnggiatngvibncotrnglnnchcanhmCaravelle,vihotngikhngcaMt
TrnonKtdongNguynTngTamchxng,cangTDoDnChdongPhanQuangnthcy,caLinMinhDnChdonhm
ccngPhanBCm,XunTng,HongCThylnho,vhaicucbinhbintobocngnhquytlitcabinhchngNhyDvvnm
bomdinhcLp.lchaninnhngcnhnhoconthtrckiatngcngtc,nghvnhiukhihysinhcingichohot
ngchnhtrcahaingNhuDimthktnm1960tri,cngcngkhailnnchvbytthichngigianhhNg.V
cngchaknscngphncaqunchngminhnhlcucvnngcchmngcaPhtgiobtulanrngvbinthnhnhnghnh
thckhngchmtcchtrctiphocgintip.
Nhnghotngchnginglphicnghincususcvtruytmnguynnhnrtranhngbihctchcchuxydngdnch
vsasaichthhaingNhuDimlixemnhnhngkhiukhchphnloncnphidittrchotuythuha.Hxemhnhngilp
cacclclngqucgianhhnhngcakthtinguyhimvchnhilpmithcsedanquynhnhvdanhvngcah,quyn
livmngsngcah.Hlolngsuynghvdnhnhiuphngtincngnhnhnscaqucgialoiphvinhngthnhphnilp
qucgiacnhnciphvikthCngSn.Nhngnhtitrnhbyvlchsgiaionchngminh,chcngnpthschng
icnggiatng.Giatngtrnchaimtmccngnhslngnnidngncvlc(vnmbom)vnlhnhthccaonhtvdt
khotnhtcamicucutranh.
Tnhtrnglnmnhcailp,trongnhngnmt1960tri,tuychatrctipvtcthedach,nhnghaingNhuDimcngphi
nhnrngnutnhtrngkodithchnhcclclngchnhtrilp,chkhngaikhc,trongtnglaisptanchvuyquynca
h.Nhnnh,khibincPhtgioxyravonm1963vnhtlkhinhngplccangiMtrthnhnngnhn,mitrthnhmtyu
ttcnglnquytnhthahipviCngSnHNihocldngCngSnnhmtphlctiuditilp,hocdngCngSnnhmt
miedalmchantagelclngilp.Khochhaimt,haingNhuDimnghrngnukhnglmtlitcquyttmthtnhtcng
tiuditckhnngchngicangiqucgia.
Chonnchnhsthtbivbtctrongchnhschnpilpcuicnglnguynnhnsuscnhtnhnglintngnhtyhaing
DimNhuvovngtayCngSnmongbomdanhvngvquynlichoh.
lnguynnhnthnht.
NguynnhnthhailstrngthnhcalclngchnhtrqunsCngSn,mtkthkhc,angrrngcngkhaithchthctcchch
nhnminNamcachnhquynNgnhDimvnhphscmnhbtulunglaycach.SraicaMtTrnDnTcGiiPhng
MinNamlcaoimchnhtrcaVitCngsaukhilmungthitnhhnhthnquminNammnhngpchinlc,nhngkhutrmt,nhng
khudinhin,nhngchnhschqunphnrungt,nhngchindchtCng,toranhngphntcdngchoVitCngkhaithcvbnh
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khudinhin,nhngchnhschqunphnrungt,nhngchindchtCng,toranhngphntcdngchoVitCngkhaithcvbnh
trng.
Mtkhc,sraicaMtTrncngchnhthchaslthuccanvohuphnglnBcVittrnchaimtchnhtrlnquns,chothy
MtTrnchnhlmtbphncaHNivnhMtTrnltrctipnhHNi.Trnmtthuntyquns,sraicaMtTrnchophp
hthunhnnhiuymtrkhchncngnhktnpcnhiunhnlchn,ngaytiminNam,thnhlpnhngnvchinuln.Tht
binngncaSon13tiTyNinhcuinm1960lduhiuutincaslnmnhcaMtTrn.
HaingDimNhulttnhinkhngxemVitCngnhnhnglclngphinlonaphngkiuccgiophiBnhXuyn,Caoi,HaHo
mhtngdpync,licngkhngxemnhnhnglclngvtrangqucgiailpkiuchinkhuBaLngcaiVithaychinkhu
NamNgicaVNQDmhtngtnbotiuditmtcchddng.HaingDimNhutngthyctnhcchtrngkdaidngcaVit
MinhthichintranhPhpVit,cngnhbtuthongthycsvhiucanhngchinlcchngCngcahtnhiunmqua,thhnh
cnghiuhnaihtlthigiankhngngvphah,nghaltrongcucchinny,cngvdithchcngmnhhcngyu.Cngnhcngv
dithngiv,danhvng,quynlc,vngaycmngsngcahcngbedamthi.
ChonnthayvnhngquynlnhoqucgiacholclngchngCngkhc,hoccitchnhquynvthayichnhschpnghuhiu
hnvisedothhaingNhuDim,sauny,khicngmtlcbnhngplckhcnng,nhconiuchuiuxungct,tmcch
uhngbngsthahipvikth.
Trckhitrnhbynguynnhnthba,nguynnhnmtigilscngthngtrongmibanggiaoVitMvonhngnmucathpnin1960
khinanhemDimNhuinquytnhthahipviCngSn,tixincrtthctnulnmtsbinclchs,qua,cthphn
tchmtkhacnhrtcthvchnhschngoigiaocaMiviccngminhtrongschlcchngCngtoncucah.
Lchsbanggiaoqucttthixaxalcccqucgiabtuthnhhnhchonhini,khimthlngccTBnCngSncnglccng
gaygt,chothykhngthiunhngtrnghpmtqucgianyyucumtqucgiakhcemqunngip.Li"yucu"cthththay
lgi,chnhnghaykhng,hpvicngphpqucthaykhng,ltybnchtcaslinhgiahaiqucgia.Cngvy,"gip"lththay
gi,ngytrangxmlnghaythtsymtr,ltytnhtrngcabinc.
HoaKkhngnhnglmtcngquc,mcnlmtcngquclnhomtkhitrcivimtkhikhc,nnlicngblicunvonhng
tranhchptuyccbnhnglinhhngntngquanlclngTBnCngSn.Domtuymi200nmlpquc,HoaKnhiuln
phidnhdvoccbincnibcaccqucgiathnhumHoaKxemlngminh.Nhngdnhdhuhtlymtr.Vdnhng
ymtrclcbtnguntquynlicancM,cngclcvngvgytaihinhiuhnlemnchli,nhngnichungthnhngym
trphnnhctnhhohipvvthacamtdntcmtngiolmttrongnhngnguynylpquc,mnhngltngvTDo,Dn
Ch,NhnQuynlnhngscmnhduytrscaoccadntch.ctnhhohipvnhngltnglpqucchyxuyndnglchs
ngoigiaocaHoaKnhmtthctty,dphnthhincanlccchnhschngoigiao,cthayitheothiihaytheotngnhimkca
mivTngthng.ChngthucvcnccvnhacadntcHoaK.HayninhCoralBell,mtnhnghincuc,th:
"ocvtinhthnthngtnphplutlhaituynlitrungngcannngoigiaoHoaKktkhiqucgianythccvaitrcngquc
camnh"1.
Thtvy,HoaKhailnaqunivoncPhpgipgiithotncnykhigtgiyxmlngcaqunphitc.Sauthchinthhai,
HoaKlithchinkhochvintrMarshallgipPhptithitxsvnhtlgipcclclngdnchPhpnhbimutoancpchnh
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HoaKlithchinkhochvintrMarshallgipPhptithitxsvnhtlgipcclclngdnchPhpnhbimutoancpchnh
quyncangCngSnPhp,lclngmnhnhtlcbygi,mnhnninhbtvanhhngcuqucDeGaullerakhichnhquynnm
1946.
Cngvy,thng6nm1950,HoaKgiqunquaThiBnhDnggipNamHnchnglicucxmlngcaBcHnvTrungCng.Trongnhng
ngyucatrnchin,tngMacArthurkhuynTngthngLThaVnbthHnThnhrtvminccNambotonlclngmv
Tngthngnyvtidntckhngchunghetheo.nkhiBcqunnhxungnhthchtre,ngmirtvPhSan,tcngvi
qunlcMcatngMacArthurphncnguiqunthrakhivtuynth38.Saukhihabnhvnhi,nhnrplcnngnvnedat
nc,TngthngLThaVnyucuqunMlibovbingiiphngBc,ngthithcthimtnntdodnchctrchnhim
tonhngnnmngchnhtrchonnclpvchonhngphttrinkinhtlylngsauny.
CngtiChuvgngiviVitNamhn,PhiLutTnbHoaKchimngtrongvsauichinthhai.NhngtrongkhiccncPhi
khcphirtnhiuxngmuvtnrtnhiuthigianginhliclpthngcli,PhiLutTncHoaKhohiptraotrchquyn
tncngy4thng7nm1946,khchnvichnhschduytrchthucacaccqucthcdnkhcnhB(Congo),Php(Vit
Nam,Algrie),HaLan(NamDng).
bovnnclptrongtrnghpbTrungCngxmlngvtthinchchomigiaohohumunhngbanggiaokinhtttpsau
ny,PhiLutTnnhngchoHoaKthu(CessionandBail)haicncqunslnlClarkAirBasevSubicBaymsngoitthunhnc
thaicncnynggprtnhiuvovicphchngnnkinhthuchincaPhiLutTn.Trongsutccthpnin1950v60,HoaK
gipPhiLutTntiatrnchaimtkinhtlnchnhtrtrthnhmttrungtmvnngcavngngNamminhnhlccnhch
kinht,qunslinvngnhADBAsiaDevelopmentBank(NgnHngPhtTrinChu),SEATOSoutheastAsiaTreatyOrganization(TchcMinh
cLinPhngngNam)uttrshocbchhuytrungngtiManila.
MttrnghpcbitkhcmtimuncpynhmtbihclchsltrnghpcaNhtBn.Trongnhthchin,HoaKtng
tinnhvnhiukhichimngccocaNhttiThiBnhDngtrngphtqucgianytncngTrnChuCngvhptcvic
QucXcaHitler.
SaustnphkhngkhipcahaiqubomnguynttiHiroshimavNagasaki,ngy2thng9nm1945,trnsoihmMissouri,idinNht
hong k vn kin u hng v iu kin trc mt v Tng T Lnh Ti Cao ca Qun i ng Minh ti mt trn Thi Bnh Dng l tng
MacArthur.Nhngc,Tnglnh,SquanthngrtkiuhnhcaquniThinHongnhnggitncmtttrixungngayc
trcmtqunth.lnhnggitlchnthnhvchuaxtnhtcakchinbimmtthitngnhtanhmiNgaHong,tngtcchin
tcthngtiLCuKiu(TrungHoa),tngtunghonhoanhlitkhpvngngNamlmbnghongcthgii.
Trc,ngy15thng8nm1945,NhtHongHiroHitoralnhchmdtcucchin.Ticcmttrn,quniThinHongphihsng,rt
nhiusquanNhtdnggmtsttheotruynthngcamtvsonnnc,trnvuavbovdanhdcngkhphchcamt
qunnhn.Lc"mttrimc"tnayvngbngtrnbnbnmchu,chcntrnmyhnoxPhTangnghonnnt.
Trcniaukhnhcnhvcngtncaqundn,NhtHongthngthitkugidnchngNhtHychungcikhngchungniv
hyaukhcikhngaukhni,vhyhngvtnglai.SauNhtHongctmtphntcaHongthnh,nimHonggiatribaoi
yuqugngi,tnglichodnchngnhmthnhngttitngtrngvingbo.
iviqunichimngM,tonthdnchngNhtucnnuthnvcheducmhnmtnhinixmtcchl.HgpmtM
kiu,dlthucthnhphnqunnhnhaydns,hunghingmnhciuxung,chptayvichotheotclcadnNht.Hkhngl
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kiu,dlthucthnhphnqunnhnhaydns,hunghingmnhciuxung,chptayvichotheotclcadnNht.Hkhngl
thithhn,chngiqukhch.KhibplccaMphikHacAnNinhHTngSanFrancisco(1951)mtrongciukhonbt
Nhtkhngctivtrangqugiihnphngv,chnhgiiNhtBnvncamchudnhtngnschvoscmnhkinht.Thin
nhncvkhipnhc,mtphndolikugi"tntrngklutivikchinthng"canhvua,mtphnldotnhtnhkhnngoan,cn
trng,thcthi,vthcchnhtrsngsutcaconchuThiDngThnN.Hdudtnhau,chdnnhautrongthc"thtbilmthnh
cng"xydngliquhng.ChnhnhtritthhincithckhnngoanmngiNhtsmthulmcnhngktquutinv
cngtolnmngaychcngkhngngti.
BihclchscadntcNhtBnlgnukhngphilbihcvsvndngscmnhcachchoscngthnhcachnhmnh.V
ngsaubihclmtbihcrtlnkhcchochngtavlngyuncbngmtquanimsngsutvbngmttinhthnthctin,ch
khngphichbngnhngxcngmqungcamtthtidntcnhiulcrtphnquc.
TrnghpcaNhtBncngnhtrnghpcaCngHaLinBangc,mtkcuthtrongNhThChin,HoaKbitmauchngbin
ththnhbncngxydngmtkhiNATOhngmnhhungnchnsbnhtrngnguyhimcaNgaS.Ccnhlnhoc,dboth
nhAdenauerhaychxngOstpolitiknhWillyBrandt,ubitvndngsymtrcangminhlnHoaKhngcnghatnc.Vd
qunicaMcngtrntc,dhatinPershingIIctcnctrnlnhthc,khngaicthnirngckhngcchquyn,
khngcclp.
Thttrihnvitrnghpcanctakhngvndngcscmnhcuncchngnindngnc,mlicnmtchquyn,
mtclpna!TthiNhtCngHa,ngDimkhnglmnimtNhtHongHiroHito,mtDeGaulle,mtLThaVnthlmsaotrch
csaunyNguynVnThiukhngbinminNamthnhmtchhutrongquoHoaK.
Nulnmtsskinlchstrnytuqua,tbnnth,tichmunnirngsauThChinthHai,trcmubnhtrngcaCng
Sn quc t, chnh sch ngoi giao ca Hoa K d l i u (Confrontation), ngn chn (Containment), hay lt ngc (Rollover, ch ca tp ch
ForeignAffairs),thcngunhmemscmnhquns,scmnhtilc,scmnhkthutcamnhramcubnvxydngchobnthmi
cucmnhvmixydngcmnh.
ChnhschngoigiaocaHoaKiviVitNamtsauNhThChincngkhngnmngoiquylut.
NgaysauThchinthnh,TngthngFranklinRooseveltchtrngymtrchoccphongtro"giiphngdntc"caccqucgiathuca
trongkhunkhcaphongtrogiithctoncumVitNamlmtthimkiumu.NgaytrongthikNhtchimngngDng,ngy22
thng8nm1945,mtphionMgmnmsquandoThiutArchimedeL.PatticmunhydxungvngthngduBcVitgipng
HChMinhkhngNht,vchnhphionMnyvHNidlclputincancVitNamDnChCngHa.NhngkhingH
ChMinhvVitMinhlmuscCngSnthphionPatticlnhchmdtmilinhhihng.CucchintranhgiaCngsnVit
NamvndngdntcvthcdnPhpilt"qucgiachngCng"btungaysau.Ngy29thng12nm1947,cuisHoaKWilliam
BullitvittrntLifeMagazinemtbibogitrnchintranhngDngl"trnchintranhbunthmnht"(thesaddestwar),ngkugiPhp
phitrclphontonchoVitNamdlmtVitNamdongCngSnngDnglnho.
LikugicaWilliamBullittuyngythnhngphtxutttmthc"giiphngdntc",btnguntchnhcuccchmnglpquc1776gii
phngkhichhcaqucAnh,nhngcdlunHoaK,vvykhiinBinPhlmnguy(thng5nm1954)vkhichnhph
PhpyucuHoaKymtrbnglclngkhngqunthTngthngEisenhowervNgoitrngFosterDullestchi.QuanimcaNgoi
trngDulleslcbygilnuPhpmunHoaKcuvinthphichuhaiiukin:mtlphitrclphontonchothnhphnqucgiaVit
NamkhngCngSn,vhailMphiginhlytrchnhimlnhocucchintranhngDng.Tuynhin,phnvchnhphAnhkhngchp
363/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NamkhngCngSn,vhailMphiginhlytrchnhimlnhocucchintranhngDng.Tuynhin,phnvchnhphAnhkhngchp
thunvicngminhthamchintingDng,phnkhcvcPhplnkhiCngSnumungiiquytmauchngvnVitNamnnch
trngcaNgoitrngDulleskhngcthchin.
QuyccaHinghGenve1954tmthichiaitnctivtuyn17.Phnnhngnnglingoigiaocamnh,HoaKcanthip
mnhmvovnngDngmcthlgipngDimvncxydngmttinnchngCngtingNam.Vtinn,nu
munngvaitrchngCnghuhiuthphithtstdo,dnchtrnmtchnhtr,vphithtshngmnhtrnmtkinhtvquns,nn
HoaKkhngngingngdngmikschvphngtinnghchominNam,kcvickhngtntrnghaiiukhonquantrngcahi
nghGenvevvnTngTuynC(nm1956)vvvnquningoinhp.QunvinvkinhvinHoaKvominNamnhthc,
chuynvinvphngtinHoaKnhmtkhotngbttnchonhcmquynminNamsdngticthay,anhemngDimkhngbitvn
dngscmnhbtcchoscmnhctlicadntchuchngCngcuncvphttrinqucgia.th,khikhngchngniCngSn
vtrcnhngplcchnhngcaHoaKicitinch,hliphnbicdntclnngminhthahipvichnhkthCngSn.
Nm1963ngNgnhNhutuynbrtrrng:
"TichngCngtrnquanimthch,tikhngphilngichngCngtrnquanimchnhtrhaynhnbn.TixemnhngngiCngSn
nhanhem,nhnhngconchinlcn.TikhngtheouimtcucthnhchinchngliCngSnvnctichlmtncnhb.Chngti
chmunsngtronghabnh"2.
ytikhngbnnsnngcntrthccangNhuvthchCngSnkhitchphmtrchnhtrvnhnbnrakhithchnyti
cngkhngcnbnnsngythchnhtrrtchquancangNhukhichorngvlmtncnhbnnkhngchngCng,ticngcha
nhclitisaonm1955anhemngDimkhngchuthchinmtquychTrunglpHabnhchominNammnaylimunthahipviCng
Snchabnh,mtichmunnhnmnhnlptrngcangNhu,ngilnhtchnhtrthcscaminNamtdo,quachnhlc
khngchngCngSnnavhlngi"anhem".TrckhiisuvosthayitngtvlptrngcangNhuvsaukhinhnmtcch
tng lc v khi qut v chnh sch ngoi giao ca Hoa K i vi cc quc gia thn hu hoc ng minh, c bit l Vit Nam, ti xin tr li vi
nguynnhnthbalscngthngtrongmibanggiaorutthtgiachnhquynMvchNgnhDim.
hiuthmvbnchtvcngthcscatnhtrngcngthngny,tixinctrnhbymtsskinlinhnchnhschcacc
chnhquynMivichNgnhDim,mtchnhschtnngtnhkhuyncoxydngchnhphDimsasaihuphthuychnh
nghachngCnghnlplccontcotchquyncaminNam:
ThnhtlskinthayimtvistrctnhvnhmphcvchominNambngmtvismmdohnvchmunlmhilngng
Dim.
Ngaytnm1957,visHoaKtiVitNamlngEllridgeDurbowthyngDimtinhnhmtchnhschctitrongvicquntrmin
Namcngnhhnhxmtcchquanliuphongkin,khinchonhndnbtmnvlmnhtrccchngtrnhphttrinkinht,xhi.ng
DurbowcngthycthilngquynthtnhntmvphntuyntruyncabNhu,nnkhuyncongDimnhiuln.cbitng
nghgimbtcchnhthclmdnbtmnvtochichochtuyntruynnhgimthiuonxehtngngono,nhngbtdn
bcngnviclmcngychchcnchoTngthng,nhkhngnnngichmchtrnghbnhttrnthuynsquanlincy
thuyn.ngcngkhuynnnbNhurancngoimtthigianhuxoadulngcmphncadnchng.
NhngnhnglikhuyncocaisDurbowkhngchiuqunovlcbygiHoaThnhnvncntintngvo"uytnvtinng"ca
ngDimnnkhngmuntoranhngmuthuncnhngiahaingi,lmphnghinmigiaohoangttpgiahaiqucgia.th,
364/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngDimnnkhngmuntoranhngmuthuncnhngiahaingi,lmphnghinmigiaohoangttpgiahaiqucgia.th,
ngDimlibytsbtmniviHoaThnhnvthicaisDurbowmngchol"haysinhs"BNgoiGiaoHoaKlmplc
ngclingDurbow.
QuanhgiangDimvisDurbowcnglccngtrnncngthngvlnncaoimsaubincngy11111960,bincmvnhng
hnhccnhnngNhucnhtnhcholdoMchxngvisDurbowlngingvaitrquantrng.DlcbygiHoaThnhn
thyssuyspcachmisDurbowtngbotrctlu,nhngvmunduytrmilinhrutthtgiachDimvHoaKcngnh
vmunlmhilngngNhu,TngthngKennedykoisDurbowvncvcisNoltingquaSiGnthayth,dngnykhngc
nhiuhiubithockinhnghimvVitNamcngnhvngNam.
isNoltinglmtnhtrthchanh,mtnhngoigiaotnhmBNgoiGiaochthnndngnhngthimmmngtrongkhikhuyn
cochnhphDimkhichmticanhngnhlnhominNam.ngNoltingthihnhquchthcathngcpntiHoaThnh
nngitaccmtngngtablicunbibNhutrthnhmtviscangDimbncnhngiMhnlmtviscaMti
SiGn3.CmtnghnkhngsailmvngNhuthnhcngtrongviciungvinisdvndngnyvclnkhenngNolting
lvisthngminhnhtcaHoaKtiminNamttrcnnay.
Mi cho n thng 3 nm 1963, khi c gn tn cuc, ng Nolting mi bt u "thc tnh", lm cho mt ng nghip ca ng, i s Php Roger
Lalouette,phichdiu:"isMNoltingquthtangktlm.NolnhnghiulmgiangtavBNgoigiaoM,giangtavccpht,
giangtavcctnglnhM.ngNoltingliangktvibochM,vigianhvchnhphDim,vittcminhngoigiaokhctiSi
Gn.TtcnhngiuktchngtngNoltingbtuchmhiu"4.
SkinthaythngDurbowbngngNoltingnybiuhinmtcchrtrrngrngHoaKsnsngnhngbvlmthamnanhemngDim
dsnhngb,vdi,clmsuyyuchnhschngoigiaocahtiminNamniringvschlcchngCngtingNamnichung.
TacthphphnngiMthiucngrn,kmtml,hoctacthphphnhngyth,nhngcmtiuchcchnmtaphicngnhnl
hnhngblmhilnghaingDimNhukhiquytnhvicthayinhnsny.
ThhailskinngiMtmmicchnnguytnngDimlncao,mtuytnangbspvangcnphixydngligphuduytr
khnngchngCngcachnhquynminNam.
Thtvy,valmlnhmchccuithngGingnm1961thngy15thng5,TngthngKennedygivPhTngThngcamnhquamin
Namthmnhlitnhhnhtich,mttnhhnhkhngmylcquanvsgiatnghotngcaVitCngvnhngbocobiquanvcctht
bi chnh tr ca chnh quyn min Nam. ng thiTng thng Kennedy cng nh ng Johnson trao li mt l th ring cho ng Dim ti xc nh
quyttmcaHoaKtiptcnghngDimvymtrnhndnminNamchngCngLthnirrngHoaKchgipphngtinvngn
phmthi,cnvicchinubovquhngldochnhnhndnminNamnhnlytrchnhim.
Trongchuynvingthmny,lmhilngbnchtttnvtnhkiuhnhcavlnhominNam,ngJohnsonkhinSiGnkhngngi
ngng cng khai ca ngi "Tng thng Dim l Churchill ca thp nin ny". Nu ta so snh cuc i cng nh s nghip chnh tr ca Th tng
ChurchillvngDimthtasthylicaoqulnychlmtlituynbthuntythucngnngngoigiao,rtcnthitnhmgyliuytn
chongDimvnsuyspqunhiu,vngthivachngtchoCngSncngnhnhndnminNambitrngHoaKvncngquyt
nghchNgnhDimdnhngsailmvthtbicach.
LituynbcnthitnJohnsonphidngmtssosnhkhngnhngsailmtrnmtlchsmcnhontonngchnvisnh
365/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
LituynbcnthitnJohnsonphidngmtssosnhkhngnhngsailmtrnmtlchsmcnhontonngchnvisnh
githmkncachnhngta.Thtvy,cngtrongchuynvingthmny,khingitrnphicbaythstccqunkhuvbkgiMchtvnvli
tuynb,PhTngthngJohnsontrli:"X!Dimladuynhtmtacy"(Shit!Diemstheonlyboywevegotoutthere")5.
Loingnngngoigiaoythonchnhtr,sauny,cngcngNixondngkhenngThiul"mttrongbnlnhttibanhtth
gii"tivnhoaTaBchcvonm1973.NhngimkhcbitngchlngNixonkhenngThiukhuynkhchthihnhhipnhParis
choMcthgiiktkhiminNamtrong"danhd",vngThiubitlikhenlgidi,cnngJohnsonkhenngDimlmongtouytn
thmchongDimhucucchinchngCngcththnhcng,tronglctrongthmtmthlinghkhc,nhngngDimlikhngbitiu.V
khngbit,nghalkhngphthinrasgidivkhngthyuytnmnhangbmtnnngDimmididttuynbtrongmtbidinvnp
tJohnsonrng:BingiicaThgiiTDochyditAlaskansngBnHi,tochichoiphtthanhHNilidngtuyntruynvbn
chttaysaicachnhquynminNamtrongquanhMDim,vptanciluncclpvdntcchngCngcachnhnghaminNam
trongnhndn.
NhngdlituynbcangJohnsoncgidithrrngncngphtxuttchnhschcaMmunchongDimmnhthmvmuncho
minNamvngthm.Mtlnna,tacthphphnngJohnsontheochiuhngnocngc,nhngchcchnllituynbphnnh
chnhschthnthinvnghcangiMlcbygi.
Skinthbalmcduuytnvscmnhchnhtrbtubtnthngsauvthtbiti"VnhConHeo"Cubavothng4nhngTng
thngKennedycngtheoliyucucangDim,tinhnhchindchtngcngqunnhnthamchin(ngytrangdihnhthccvnqun
svchuynvincutrnnlt)timinNamVitNamsauchuyniunghincaTngMaxwellTaylorvCvnWaltRostowvothng10nm
1961.ChindchnycngDimvchnhquynMngthunthihnhmtcchtchccmsraicaBChHuyYmTrQunSM
(AmericanMilitaryAssistanceCommand)vongy6thng2nm1962chophpngDimnhnthmt700"cvn"lnn12.000"cvn"vo
gianm1962.Nghalgiatng1.700phntrmtrongvng8thng!SgiatngmnhmcvmtchlnscmnhnniTrngphi
onBaLantrongyHiQucTKimSotnhChinkhinBcKinhcngnhnthy"cplnhoTrungCngrtlolngvscanthip
cnglccnggiatngcangiMtiVitNam"6.
TtcchindchcchnhquynMkhnkhotrntrnhchnhQucHivbochHoaK(vnangbtuckhuynhhngchngvic
giqunnhnMthamchintingoiqucsauvthtbitiCuba)mohimmtmtthamnliyucucachnhphDim,vmtkhc
bomsthnhcngcacucchinchngCngtiminNam.
Thtvy,mcdtrongcuctholunviPhTngthngJohnsontrcnmthngngDimkhngmunemqunchinuMvomin
Nam,nhngkhnnivothng10,khitngTaylorangtrnngnSiGnthVitCngphtngccttncngddivotnhlPhc
Thnh,tphcccs,githicTnhtrnglnPhTnhtrngvrtnhiubinhs,cnb,cngchcngthiVitCnglitncngnhiu
qunlcatnhDarlacvtungranhiunvlnnhphkhpminNam,cnghmccnbtchinlcdcqucls4vgythithinng
ncholclngVitNamCngHa.TnhhnhanninhsuyspkhinchongDimshimtcuctngnidycaVitCngnnngbna
ralituynbchnhthcrngchintranhthtsxyratiminNam.
VkhngcnginhchnglivicquniMthamchintiminNamnannngDimyucuMemmts"qunchinutng
trng"vominNamvlntingkugiHoaKcngviVitNamCngHakmthipcphngthsongphng 7.Trclikugica
ngDim,vtrctnhhnhanninhsuythoimtcchtrmtrngcaminNam,BTngThammuHoaKcngkhuyncoTngthngMnn
giqunquaVitNamthamchin.kinnycThtrngQucphngWilliamP.BundynghmnhmvtheongBundy,schlc"tcchin
tcthng"cthgipngDimnhiumaymnhnvcthltngcthc.NhngvvicquniMcngkhaithamchintiVitNamcth
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tcthng"cthgipngDimnhiumaymnhnvcthltngcthc.NhngvvicquniMcngkhaithamchintiVitNamcth
gynhiuphctptrongnibchnhtrHoaKcngnhcthgyccphnngquctnguyhim,nnTaBchcbngoiphigimthiu
nhngthcgicnoticSiGnlnHoaThnhn,bngcchgivlmtstintcchonhtboNewYorkTimes,titlrng"cccplnh
oNgGicicngnhitngTaylorutramincngvvicgiccnvchinuMsangngNam".Bibonychn
ngcnhngtuynbqulliucangDim.
Nhngskintrnychothymigianm1961mtnhhnhchinstiminNamnnguyngpnhtitrnhbytrongmtchng
trc.SkintrnycngchothyngDimhongs,phiyucuMtngvin,kcvicemqunchinungoiqucvominNam(s
thtlchsnybnhmCngGioCnLaobpmoviluniuchorngngDimbMgitvkhngchuchoquningoiqucngtrn
tncmnh).SthtrrnglchngnhngngDimiqunMvominNam,mcnnhMvnngviTrungHoaDnQucgimts
onquaVitNamthamchin.TiliumtcaNgGicidiytitlmtbnmtincaTaisMtiSiGngivHoaThnhn,
trnh by v cuc thng tho gia i s Nolting v ng Nguyn nhThun, B trng Quc Phng kim B trng PhTngThng, cho thy
nhngbn:
#25NhngiHiVoNm1961CaNamVitNamVNhngnVTcChinHoaK.
invntTaisMtiSiGngiBNgoiGiao/13101961/VnhngihicaNguynnhThun,BtrngBQucPhngcaNam
VitNam/BnsaogiBTLnhLcLngThiBnhDngvTaisMtiBangkokThailandvTaipeiTaiwan/.
Trongbuihp1310Thunaranhngihisauy:
1.ThmphionAD6thayvphionT28nhdnhvgiquacngsmcngtt.
2.YucucungcpphicngdnsMlimybaytrcthng,vphicC47baynhngphivtcchin.
3.NhiunvtcchinHoaK,hocnhngnvgil"hunluyntcchin"voNamVitNam.MtphnngphaBcgnvtuyn17
thaycclclngQuniVNCHphibnichngdukchvngcaonguyn.VcngngnhiutnhcavngCaonguynTrungVit.
4.PhnngcaHoaKvdnhcaVitNamyucuTrungHoaQucGiagimtsontcchinchomttrnTyNam.
ThunnhcnnhngtpnhtklyctnhngsquanVitMinhbgitminTrung,trongctintcvnhngdnvkthutcaVit
Minh.Nhngtiliunyangcphntch,dchravscchuynv(HoaK).Thunni:ngDim,vthyhintnhcaLo,sxmnhp
(caVitMinh)voNamVitNamvvicTngthngJFKgiTaylor(quaVitNam),yucuHoaKxtgpnhngihicaNamVitNam.
VvicihiginhngnvhunluyntcchinM,NoltinghixemngDimcxtkvnchavcnhiuchngilintipihiny.
Thunxcnhnrngc,vrngngDimikin(munHoaKgiqunquaVitNam)vtnhhnhcngngycngthihn.Thunmun
HoaKbiudnglclnggnvtuyn17ngnngaCngSntncng,vthaythlclngVNCH.CngcnnhngnvHoaK
ngnhngtnhcaonguyn,chocngmtmcch:thaythchoqunlcVNCH.
Noltingni(tisaolic)nhngihinyngaysaukhingDimyucucmtthaccachaiphe,nhvycphingDimmunthayth
thacbngnhngihitrnhaykhng?Thuntrlinhngihitrn(giiquytvn)nhanhhnthac.Rngvicgiqunsangs
thamnNamVitNamvthchnghnmtthac.(Vvicthacny,rrngThunchasuynghk,cngnhchabnvingDim).
367/611
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Bn v y Hi QucT Kim Sot nh Chin, Nolting ni rng Nam Vit Nam trc y coi trng s hin din ca UHQTKSC.Thun ng
nhngnghrngnhngihitrnkhngviphmvnhngnvHoaKgisangcanhphngchkhngphitcchin,ngoitrkhibtn
cng.ChonncthdngnhngnvnymvngicUHQTKSCVitNam.Noltingnirngngnghingiunynhngcththxem
(McGarrvtiluhaiim:vnhngnvdnhchomcchhunluynchlmtsgimomtcicchkhngphimcchtht.Nu
cginhngnvHoaKthccnvphimnhvchcchnVitCngstncng).
VlclngTrungHoa,ThunnirngTngGiiThchcduhiumungip(tithyiunykhngchc).ThunnichnhphVitNam
khngmunquytnhvvicnynukhngcphnngtHoaK.nhldngkhong10ngnqun(TrungHoa)phaTyNamcngxav
tuyn17cngtt.ThunnghrngclnnaqunTrungHoavomtcchbmt,nhngthykhngcsaukhiphntchlivn.Nolting
ni:ngnghrngTrungHoachcsmunmtquynlinotrongvicny,cthlphngdinchnhtr(gimbtplcchnhtr)nugi
qunvoChulca(Noltingnghlchthmthi).
VnchcchnsctliviTaylor.RrngchnhphNamVitNamkhngthmtchiihivintrnhiuhnvschvlolng
cachngtagiatng.Nhngtnhhnhqunsvtmlinhimvnphicxemxtmtcchnghimchnhvnhanhchng8.
SauhaitunlquansttichvtholunviccnhchctrchVitNamCngHa,tngTaylorarangh:tngqunscccvnquns
M,tngcngchuynvinvmymc,giatngccdngctitnchomingnhthucqunbinhchngVNCH,cbitlvictitnhangnh
truyntin,gigpquaminNamtrcthngchinu,thitvnxaM113tolungtnhchoccnvchinuminNam,thaythphicT
28bngphicAD6,vnhiuvkh,dngctitnkhcngthivinghtrny,tngTaylorcng"luring"TngthngKennedylnn
giquaminNam8ngnqunchinuM,ngytrangthnhnhngichuynvingipminNamiphvitrnltangedavngchuth
sngCuLong.Nhngspttrny,theoquannimcatngTaylor,lmtsthamdgiihncaMvochintranhVitNamtheotinhthn
"limitedpartnership",nghal"nhngcvnqunsMtinngnhn(nhngchahnl)mtbchhuyhnhquntrnmtchintrng"9.
TiliumtcaNgGicitrnyvsgiatngnhyvtcaslng"cvn"MtichintrngVitNamsau,khngnhngcichnh
shuynhhoangtinghipcanhngphntCnLaoCngGioangcbmvuvocihuynthoi"NgTngthngkhngchuchoqunM
voVitNamnnbMlt",mcnlmnibtlnmtscthicthcalinhMVitvonm1962cachnhphNgnhDim:ldng
DimcbtlctrongvicchngCng,chnhphMvnymtr,bobcngDim.VngDimcngnhn,chpthunsbobcmt
cchqutrn,nhtltrongtrnghpcanthiplliuca"cvn"Mtrongnhngquytnhquns,nnisauny,lchitnglinm1961,
khicnlmphngvintintuyntheodicccuchnhqun,kgiNgnhVnvit:"TithyrqunitrongthiICngHakhng
thcsccclp,ccyschngngayctronglcgiaotranhvichqun"10.
SymtrvbaochelicngnibthnnatrongtrnpBcmktquthmbi,drtrrnghinnhin,cngDimvbNhui
ngcthnhchinthngv,tronglinhthmthitMVitlcbygi,cmtsnhnvtchyucachnhquynKennedynglacng
nhn.
Thtvy,tunm1962,khicccvnqunsMvskhctitnmictngvinchominNamtrongkhochTaylorRostowthqun
iVitNamCngHathulmcmtschinthngtichuthsngCuLong,vlnutintincvochinkhuD,rngUMinh,
vnlnhngcncbtkhxmphmcaVitCng.NhngchinthngthuntyqunsgyphnkhichocSiGnlnHoaThnhn.
ymtrchomttrntuyntruyntiHoaK,ngDimchophpiTHunhVnCao,TlnhSon7,dinhnhtithSiGnvi
sthamdcamtsDnbiuQuchi.TronglctiM,BtrngQucphngMcNamarahpbotuynbminNamVitNamcangDim
angltngcthc.
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angltngcthc.
Nhngnhngchinthngchnhbtsngbnlntungterisautanvmtvngaycchtrnmtthuntyqunsmthi,uthlu
ngcahaichinthuttrcthngvnvthitvnxaM113khngckhaithcngmc,hnnachnglikhnghiudngtrongmttrn
chinmkthkhnkhophihpccckthutdukchchinvinhngvkhtitndoNgavintr.Nhngvnchaphilldochnh
khinchoVitCngdnhlicuthtrnchintrngmldochnhlvonhngnmuthpnin1960,tinhthnchinucabinhs
khngcnhngsayna.Tnhcmbtmnch,btmncplnholgianhngNgnhDimphtxuttnhngskinrtthcttrc
mt,rtlinhtrctipnbnthncasquanvbinhs,lmsuygimrtnhiutinhthnhngsayvquyttmchinucaqunlc.
Gianm1962,haiphicngQucvCnmbomdinhcLpnhgitcnh,tclcch,cangNgnhDimlicngnungnuvcng
lmlanrngsbtmn.unm1963,bacnbCnLaoCngGiocangDimlTlnhVng4HunhVnCao,TlnhSon7Bi
nhmvThiutTnhtrngnhTngLmQuangTh,viqunsnghn,vivkhhinihn,lihngchuthmbinhcnhtip
Bctrctiuon514cachkhngn400qun.(Xinxemthm"TheBrightShiningLie"caNeilSheehan.BndchVitng"SLaDiHo
Nhong"caNhXutBnHngLnh,1991).
ThmbirrngnykhngnhngkhinchotngLVnTphichthnxungiutratichmchnhcccvnqunsM,cbitl
TrungTJohnPaulVannngiphihpccphngtinhalcgmM113,trcthngUH1A,trcthngCH21,ccnvquniMtrong
vngchotrnpBcnyphinhcnhgil"mtthnhtchkhnnn"vtngCao"chnlatngcngsthtbithayvnlcchin
thng"("AmiserabledamnperformanceTheychoosetoreinforcedefeatratherthantotryforvictory")11.
BochMtcginvsbtlccaquniVitNamCngHavsvhiucaccchincvintr,phanhphuisthtbivcnqu
khchihichnhquynMphiginhlyquynlnhochintranhtiVitNamtiuditCngSn.Thmbirrngnhth,nhng
trnhchocuckhnghongchnhtrtiSiGnkhilanrngthmvmtthtbiqunsnngn,ngDimvngaycbNhu,ngikhngc
thmquynvccvnqunstuynbrngpBclmtchinthngoaihngcaSon7.
CcnhlnhoM,cbitlBtrngQucPhngMcNamara,isNolting,iTngTlnhQuniMtiVitNamPaulHarkins,nh
phibnhvcngDimbngcchxcnhnlmtchinthng 12.Thibngbtsthttinhnhchnhschmtronggiaionl
chnhschngh"ngihng"NgnhDimcntipdindidisaunysutcucchinVitNam.ytikhngphntchvnhnglivhi
cathi,mtichmunnhnmnhrngquathithchonunm1963,milinhgiaccnhlnhoMvngDimvnrt
thmthit.Thmthitnphinilobnhvcchocithvcilccamtconttvdngvolcctn.
SkinthnmlsnglacamtsvinchccaocpHoaKnhmchedunhngthtbicaqucschpchinlchubovng
Dim.ChngtrnhpChinLcldosngkincangThompsonngiAnh,ClnDuKchchincaTaBchc.Chngtrnhnyc
TngthngKennedyhtlngymtrvththyvngvohiuqucanmsthnhcngcchngnghimtiMLaidiukinng
dngckhc.KhiMnghthchinchngtrnhnytrongmcchtiudithtngcscaVitCngtinngthnthbngNgnhNhu
bcb.MphivnngmivcbitphitngtiphlnrtcaongNhumichpthun.Khitinvintrbtucthokhon,ngNhu
chthnnmlyviciukhinthchinchngtrnhvchopdngkschringcangtatheonghngcachngha"nhnv"vc
bittomtbmynhnstrungthnhvich 13.Mbmytrungthnhcmcchquytlitnhtlgnukhngphilnhndanh
cngcucchngCngphtngvthchinchocmmuCnggiohanhndntrongccpChinLcnhtitrnhbymt
chngtrc.
NucngcucthchinchngtrnhpChinLcctinhnhmtcchthcthn,nghaldatrnthctchnhtrqunscngnhthc
369/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NucngcucthchinchngtrnhpChinLcctinhnhmtcchthcthn,nghaldatrnthctchnhtrqunscngnhthc
txhinhnvncaminNam,vnucthchinbimtccunhnstrongschvvdnchkhngphithamnhngvvbphimc
thlngbtdnnggpvtliu,ngbtdnchnglaongccnhcsutmngykhngcng,ngqucngrntrongvicbtdndi
nhcavntccangchahli,nghalnglmmtlngdnqung,thclkhochpChinLccngcththuhochc
phnnothnhqu.Khnni,chngtrnhpChinLclicchovkimsotbimtNgnhNhubnhhonnnmitrthnhmtha
dimsnthhnchvlmsuyyulunscmnhchngCngminNam.
Trcsthtbivhqunguyhirrng,ngRufusPhillips,nhnvincaocpnhtcaMctrchvchngtrnhpChinLc,phi
phc trnh trc tip viTng thng Kennedy yu cu ti xt li ngay c s cn thit ca chng trnh ny. Nhng mt ln na, nhng nhn vt
rngctcachnhschMtiVitNamnhNgoitrngRusk,BtrngMcNamara,isNolting,TngHarkins,vngaycThtrngNgoi
giaoRogerHillsman(ngisaunyquytlitnghvicltchDim)vnbnhvcngDimvchorngchngtrnhpChinLc
thnhcng.
McduthicahphtxuttrchttnhngngckhcnhvquynlicaM,nhvchnhschchngCngtoncu,nhvmungii
hnvaitrcabochnhngthikhichedusthtvnhnnhtringchnvichnhngitrctipphtrchcngtclngRufus
PhillipscngphtxuttnhnngvbaochechochNgnhDim,nukhngmunnilbnhvcvchiuthunch.
o0o
NhnmibanggiaoMVit,cbitllinhgiachDimvcccplnhoHoaK,trongsutchn,minmtricaitrminNam,anhem
ngDimphmkhngbitbaonhiulilmtrmtrng,tathydnhnglilmatnctthanhbnhnrilon,tcnhanninh
ntnhtrngchintranhthts,thmngiMvnmtlngnghngDimvchcangta.NgiMchnthnhkhuyncoanh
emngDimsasai,khuyncokhngnithnhngb,chiuly,thmngclianhemngDimvncchtrchchngbng.Mschng
bngthtrakhngphiphtxuttthdinqucgia(cngmthdinkhickhaisinhvnuidng)hayclpdntc(cngmc
lpkhiqunvinvkinhvintrnngptnc)mphtxuttbnchtphongkin,quanliu,ttn,ticaanhemdnghNgnh.
NmskintiubiumtivaktrnkiachngminhthichungcangiMtrcsngoanccaanhemngDim.Litrnhbyca
kgiRobertShaplendiycnmtrhnnichnchngvkhtmcangiMtrongvicgiaothipvinhngnhlnhocamin
NamVitNam:
nthngGingnm1962,saunhngcuctholunkodi,mtbnthngcoraichothyrrngDimvNhuthuhochttcnhngg
hmunvvntngvinqunsvkinht,mcdukhngcduhiunochothyhcthtsthchinnhngcicch.ylkhcquanh
cuicngtronglinhludivaungiachngtavDim.NhngaitrongchngtatngTrungHoavonm1946vctheodicgng
cangiMtrongviclikoTngGiiThchchpnhnthchincicchthcthlmmtssosnhy.Milnchngtanghrngchng
taangtcthnhquviTngGiiThchvangddivithnhphncptincaQucDnng,thvtnhchngtalmchothnh
phnbothchungquanhTngGiiThchcththuytphcngtakhngnnthchinbtcchngtrnhcicchnomngiMmun,bi
vchngta(ngiM)gintipxcnhrngchngtastiptchtrchongtatrongcucchinchngCngSn.SiGnvokhongthi
gianthngtho19611962,NhucnggivaitrgingnhvaitrcathnhphnphnngtrongQucDnng.NhuniviDimrng
HoaKskhngbch(Dim),vdokhngcnphinghetheonhngihicicchcaM.HqucavicchoDimvtruthny
lngiMSiGn,mtlnnalibbtbucphiltrongvicthuytphcvkhuynco.iuchothythngcachngtalcbygi
byuhn,vricuicngskhngtrnhkhirilon.ChngtachongiVitNamiukinhlmdngnim"chquyn",mtngi
chnnnninhvy.BngoithTaislmbnhangthycnhngtinbtiVitNam.Mtnhnvincaocpkhcnivitivi
thngsau:"Thigianrtcnthit,chngtachasnsngthyabrakhibntm.Tihyvngthyabsnnhiuhnttunny
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thngsau:"Thigianrtcnthit,chngtachasnsngthyabrakhibntm.Tihyvngthyabsnnhiuhnttunny
quatunn."Tuynhin,lcringt,thhuhtccnhnvinunirsbtmncahivitnhtrngangsuyspdn.Mtnhnvinna
caTaisnimtcchtuytvngrng:"ChngtahinmnhqunhiuchoDimri,nhngchngtacngphigithqunbng.C
nhiucchlmplc:mtcchlchngtacthchnlinhiuchngtrnhnhDimNhuchnvkhngchoDimNhunhngghihi.
Haynithngvih:"Ccngkhngmunlmnhvy?Ok,vythchngticngskhnglmnhvy".Cthgilliphnkhngtiucc,
cngnhllichitheokiungphngxa,vnlcchngtacngphihccchchitheokiu"14.
NgoiRobertShaplencnhnnhtrn,kgiKarnowcnckinsuschn:
...Trongthigian,DimchnglikhuyncocaHoaKtrongviccicchchbivDimbitrngHoaKcnDimchngCng.Nh
mtgiichcMSiGnni:"Dimlmtthbnhntkolydy"(apuppetwhopulledhisownstrings).DimdngphngtinMcho
nhngnhucuringt,ngtakhngquantmnhiunmtqunichngdukchmlilothnhlpnhngnvbovngtachngli
nhngngiqucgiailptiSiGn15.
NhngnhnnhnynilnthoncaanhemngDimlidngchnhschchngCngtrongchthuytDominocangiMthaotngcc
khochqunvinvkinhvin,vnhtlcthkhctnhngkhuyncothcthidnchvhiudnghakhnngchinucaquni
VitNamCngHamngiMnhiulnthcgic.Nhngnhnnhcngnithmmtimrtcbnkhclchontrckhixyrav
tnphchachinvothngTmnm1963,ngiMvntiptc"ngmngnutcay"chungchNgnhDim,mtchangbchnh
nhndnvquniminNamcmphn,mtchangbchnhgiivcnglunHoaKlnn.
PhntchdiycamtngibnMrtthncangDimlitrnhbyrhnvnhngthngtrmtronglinhVitMquasutgnminm
dandu:
Giiquytvndndicchothysphihpgiacpchhuyaphng,tinguynqucgia,vvintrcaMcthlmcvic.Nhng
chnhsthnhcngtronglnhvcnylilmnibtlnsyukmvphngthciuhnhcachDimtrongvicgiiquytccvnkinh
t,xhi,hnhchnhvquntrqucgia.
Ssngcncaqucgiactcnbntrnnhngkhochkinht,xhi,vchnhtrnhmmcchlikostrungthnhcanhndnv
lmchonhndnquyttmbovchchnglinhngcucnidybngbolc.TuymcnghcanhndniviDimkhngtho
lngcddng,nhngchcchngianm1955v1957,Dimtocnhiutinb.Ngaycnhngkchtrchchkhtnhnhtcng
phinhnrng,dngnngi,Dimhngcsnghcanhndn,viunychngtrnglchschoDimmtchithcs.
NumcnghDim(VitNam)khngchcchn,thsnghHoaKlirtvngchi.VintrcaMrtquanyuchoNamVitNamn
nicnhngngiMHoaKxemsvintrnythaythchkhngphilmtiukinchosnghcanhndnVitNam.Ngayc
ngDimcngxemiunynhvykhingnhnrarngngkhnglikockhiqunchngvkhitrithcVitNamnghng.
McdtinhthnqucgiachngCngdislnhocangDimcmtlccvnhlmtthlckhdcthchnglicnhhngca
VitCng,nhngn1960thrrngDimkhngsdngvintrMtranhthlngdn.NhngvsaomDimvnthnhcngtrongvicduy
trcsnghcaHoaKtrongnhiunmmcdtnhtrngsuyspvscmnhchnhtrcangtabiulrrng?Vtisaortnhiu
ngiM,dbitrvnvdccinhnchnhtrtinht,livnctiptcbnhvcngtatrongnhiunm!
hiuddnghnstintngkinccanhngngiMny,tacthchiachnnmcaitrcaDimthnhbagiaion.GiaionMtkodi
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10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hiuddnghnstintngkinccanhngngiMny,tacthchiachnnmcaitrcaDimthnhbagiaion.GiaionMtkodi
khongmtnm,trong,ngclivimidon,Dimthnhcngtrongvicgivngvthvtnnmngchonncaitrcangta.Stin
tngrngttcuttpvrngphplxyramrtronggiaionhai,vstintngkodikhngquhainmsau.Thtvy
minghingvsvngchccaavngDimbinmthontonsauhainmutincagiaionHainy,vmcdchbtul
ranhngkhuynhhngchnhtrtorcrichonncaitr,nhngnimtinvkhnnghnhxtheochiuhngxydngcachvncc
nysinhvduytrchnhtronggiaionny.
KhnicgiaionBabtutlcno.VitNamthsbtmnchlanrngvonm1957,HoaKthnhngkngngmDim
hitrcngngnghngtasaunm1960.TuynhingiichnhquynM,chonkhibincPhtgioxyravonm1963milnnstht
bicachDim.
SdcmtsngiMlcquanvDimlvchnhnhngngiMnycnnuidnglcquanchochnhh.Chc"goodnews"tSiGnmi
gicnimtinrngphpltiVitNamlthtchkhngphilmtonh.Nhucu"goodnews"lmchonhiuquanstvinchngCng
mangmtcinhnhiht,haytnhtbquanhngthtbicaDim,vskinnylmchonhngbocovthnhqucaDimtrthnh
vgitr16.
GiosButtinger,cxemnh"khaiquccngthn"cachDim,rigiosFishel,itLansdale,ThngNghsMansfield,nhngngi
valbnvalnhnvtucangDimtrongchnhschM,tnm1960,lnltchnnnxaringDimtrongcitmtrng"bth
thngmvngthti".NgayTngthngKennedy,ttrcnm1954vcnkodisau,cngtngtritnghngDim,ricuicng
nginnhntiquantrngcngbngDimphnbikhingbttayviCngSnHNi.
PhnmtivatrnhbytrnvchnhschcangiMiviccqucgianhctiuchngCng,vcbitivichNgnhDim,
nilnrtrrngrngchonthngTmnm1963(nghalchonngyngNhucungditncngcccscaPhtGioVitNam),gii
lnhoMchngnhngkhngtomtplcnophnghinssinhtncachDim(ngoinhngkhuyncoxydngcngc
thmch)mngclichnhanhemngDimtoranhngcngthngtrongmibanggiaobngthon"chantage"nhndanhnhucu
chngCngcangiM.
Michonunm1963,trccuckhnghongchnhtrtrmtrngtiminNamVitNammhqucthlssuysptondinscmnh
chngCngcacnc,vtrcnhngplccaqunchngHoaK,cachnhgiiHoaK,cacnglunthgii,caccncngminh,ca
tathnhVatican,giilnhoMmibtupdngnhngbinphpcngrntronglnhvcchnhtrvvintrvalmplcvagip
chnhquynminNamsasai.
Nichung,vchnhtr,ngiMichphitntrngvthcthinguyntcphnquynvchnhschtnquyntrnhtnhtrngtrungng
tp quyn ang lm m qung v t lit kh nng iu hnh ca dinh Gia Long. C th l cho thnh phn i lp c t do sinh hot ti ngh
trngQuchicngnhtrongchnhgii,xtlihthngbnhimnhnsccaphngtrnhtnhtrnglmdngquynhnhnhclin
hcbitvigianhTngthng,cccucbucttrungngnaphngphithcstdovtrongschLdnhinnhngihiny
chcngiMtrnhbydihnhthckhuyncotrnhtnhtrng"canthipvonitnhcanckhc",ngchnvinhngbinphp
khctobovmnhmhntrongvickimsotvicsdngtiphvintr.VnkimsottinvintrnykhngphichvchnhquynM
munhiunnghacngcucchngCngmcnvmunbinminhviQuchiHoaKtrongnhngbuiiutrnvtnhtrngthamchinti
ngDng.
cbit,chnhquynMmuncbitvstintitrchoLcLngcBit,cccquancngan,mtv,vnhngmtphccsdng
372/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cbit,chnhquynMmuncbitvstintitrchoLcLngcBit,cccquancngan,mtv,vnhngmtphccsdng
ngnchocccngtctnhbochngCngkhng.ihinybngNhuxemnhlmtplccaHoaKnhmkimsotnhngbmt
qucphngvbngquytlittchi,vaicngbitphnlncastincchitiuxydngbmynpilp,xydngnhngt
chckinhtichoanhemngvchonhnghotngmmkhc.
Trongquni,cccvnMtrakhtkhehntrongvicsdngccphongtincaHoaKkhihnhqun,vhcngthamdnhiuhnv
trctiphnvonhngtrnngcnglccnglnviqunVitCng.TnhtrngnytoranhiuvachmgiasquanVitNamvsquan
cvnMvchinthutgiaotranhvikth.Chonn,trongthigian,cnhngsquanVitNamkhngcntipvncaMvvtidn
tcsngtoranhngchinthuttiuditchoaihng,nhngcngcrtnhiunvtrngkhc,nhtlccsquanthuchthngCnLao
chuynlmquynthli,khngdmhnhqunmchluivthphngnggichtlycctnhlchoanton,vmcnngthnchoVit
Cngthaotng.
Phntchnhngbinphpchnhtrvquns,tichnhviuhnhcaHoaK,tacthnirngtrckhixyravtncngccchavothng
8nm1963,ngiMkhngtoranhngplcnngnnocmchthhinnhngkhuyncocamnhbngmtsbinphprtcth
nngcaohiunngiuviCngSncachnhquynNgnhDim.
NhngngNgnhNhuthkhngnghnhth.VdchnhMkhaisinhvnuidngchDimtnm1953,dngiMtrongccc
quanthenchtngnhngvaitrquantrngtrongccchnhschtnhiunmquanhngnkhicnchngMthngNhulinulnnhng
khuyncovnhngbinphplmldochorng"bMlmplc,bMchenvonitnhqucgia"d8,9nmudntcnhtin
bcvthlccaM.
nythnguynnhnthtcaquytnhthayilptrngtthnMnchngM,tchngCngnthahipviCngcangNgnh
Nhubtuthnhhnh,msthnhhnhbtnguntchnhbnchtniticaconngingta.
NhngbntnhcbitcangNhulg?
TrchtngNhulmtngiVitcmttmhnrtTy,thTytrthcchunglthuytvmchmtrongnhngltngnniqunmt
thcti.NngiodctchngnngncaPhpvothpnin1930v40,cngnhnidungginghuncatrngChartresbamnglil
thuytvykncsngtovtnhkhchquancangithunhn.ngNhusaysacsch,cngnhiucngtt,mkhngbitichiuvithcti
khaimmttritlhnhngchochnhmnhcngnhchochnhqucgiasauny.DomnhngtcphmlthuytmngNhulchasau
nynhHinphpnhtCngHa,ThuytNhnV,v.vchlmtschpvgngpcartnhiutroluttnglcbygimchngc
mtnidungcthno,licngkhngphhpvihinthcchnhtrvxhicaminNamVitNamchtnoc.
KhivncphtrchqunththvintiHNiriHu,ngNhuchlmtcngbccabmycaitrTy,suytvhnhxnhTychngkhc
mtconcbinsngthoimitrongncmn.Do,takhnglgkhithyngNhuchgiaoduvinhngthnhphnthucgiaicpthnglutr
thc,vnkhithnhhnthcnglycongimtgianhtrnggitrongnpsngphngngcaHNibuha.VnhaPhpchiphimnh
mtmhnngNhu,mnhmnnikhidint,ngNhukhngdngnitingVitmphinhtingPhpnivvit.Bi"HiMaXunti
HNithiHuL"(LaFtedePrintempsHanoidutempsdesLPosterieurs),cngnhccdinvncangDimsauny,ngNhuuvitting
PhpvVVnHidchraVitvn.ConcithchhctrngTytrngm,vtrongnhthchipvinhaubngPhpng.
Rrthnnalkhimicchnhquyn,vchngNhuvichuyntinrangoiqucvchchuynquaPhphocThyS.Muasmnhcath
cngtiPhpv,tomicskinhdoanhdnhincngtiPhp.Balncngduchnhthc,ngNhuutmcchghquaPhp,ringbNhuth
iPhphngnm,ckhitrongmtnmihai,baln.Chnm1957,ngNgnhNhucvingthmHoaKvcTngthngEisenhower
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
iPhphngnm,ckhitrongmtnmihai,baln.Chnm1957,ngNgnhNhucvingthmHoaKvcTngthngEisenhower
tipkin.
Do,chnhnpsngTyha,vquanimchnhtrbTyhanylmchongNgnhNhu,trongshnloncatnhhnhlcbygi,
trnnchbitrongthcvtrvvilptrngkhuynhtcagiitrthcuChuchpnhnchnghacaMarxnhmtchnghanhn
bnvmttritlvlmththcthunlvmtsquan,nnicngkhaituynb"TikhngphilngichngCngtrnquanim
chnhtrhaynhnbn.TixemnhngngiCngSnnhanhem"
TtnhcmthnTy,phcTyvtrngTytrnmtttngcngnhnpsng,tmlchngM,khinhM,ghtMcangNhuchlmth
lunttyumthi.VngNhubrivocivngnhnguyniicamtthlachncngnhc:cngtrngTythcngkhinhM,cngchng
MthcngthnTy,chkhngtmcchomnhmtchnlacthnotrnnntngdntc,khivtvtrongthtranhhngngoibang
TyM.
Ngoictnhnnglthuyt(mllthuytTyphng)nvinvngny,ngNhucnbbnhchquancamtngitngmnhqunthng
kimc,camtngikhinhthngovt,xemtrthcvnhnsminNamnhcrc.ngNhuchquannkhngnhnrarnganhmnhc
lmTngthngtrchtlnhMvtathnhLaMchkhngphinhnhngvnngchnhtrytnhthahipcangNhutiSiGn.ng
chquannnikhngnhnrarngsaunhngnmucach,lngdnbtudaongvnhngtnhcmcngnhstnnhimban
ucanhndnbtubinitddtnnghing,tnghingnchngi.ngcngchquannnikhngbitrngnhngschlc
vnhngtchccamnhnhpChinLc,nhThanhNinCngHa,nhngCnLaoCnggio,nhLcLngcBit,nhtrigiamP42
khngkhnngchngchochangbungthittrongctli.ngcngchquannvonhngthngcuicngcach,khi
bitctincnhngvnngnhmltch,ngvndngdngxemthngvnhgirtthpmmuochnhcaccsquan.
Ticnnhvodo,trongmytunlintip,cmithnmt9gisngn12gitra,ngNhunculcbTngThammuthuyt
trnhchokhong50squancpTngvTgmccchhuytrngvgimcnha,scmttiSiGn.Tchomnhltrthckhoabngv
viuythcavCvnChnhtremrutTngthng,ngNhuxemccsquancaocpnhnhngkvbinkhngcthcchnhtrnnng
thaothaobttuyt,dngmillunkchPhtgiobngnhnglilhunghng,cngkchsthamdqumccangiMvonitnhVit
Nam,caomtcchsngsngccktquthngkcaqucschpChinLcvpmcpnmtncVitNamthngnhttrongha
bnh.
SutnmtrivquloubymutnhkiphviPhtgiovMnnmtngNhutrnghchc,cpmithmlithmthm,cpmtvn
mcbygilibccqungenlmsuhn.ngkhngbitrngcngnicnglmchohitrngthmchnghtvcmth.Nhnghahn
cngnhnhngedamngtrnhbybngmtginglnhvungqunhiuruwhisky,chlmchohitrngthmchnnn.Lmsaong
cthcpnlngyuncvxydngqucgiakhichnhngangmmuthahipviCngSnvanglmungthilinhngminhvi
mtncbnchngCng?NhngngNhucngsaysani,vvnchquantinrngmnhangthuytphccmthitrngvnbitkh
rvmmucangcngnhangcnhngvnngichikchlitving.
CibnhchquannytrcdnngNhuvothctnmHNigingbyvsaunydnngNhuncatcakhochBravo.
BntnhthbacangNhulliulnh.Khngphiliulnhtrongcinghacanm,bittrccnhngkhkhnmvnlm,nhnglilci
nghacungtncamtngilmmkhngcnbithuqusxyrachomnhhaychotncnhthno.
Sliulnhbtnguntnimtinctnhcchtnngngvvaitrlnhom"ntrn"bancho,tmccmttnchomnhkhngbaogi
lmlnvtotngrngccbmycngan,mtv,cclclngchnhtr,tngiovqunscngCnLaokimsot.Sliulnh
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lmlnvtotngrngccbmycngan,mtv,cclclngchnhtr,tngiovqunscngCnLaokimsot.Sliulnh
cngbtnguntbnchtcnhncangNhulunlunthchbong,thchmmu,thchkhuynhlot,thchthon,vsaysavinhng
bong,mmu,khuynhlot,thon.
MtlinhmcngiPhpvnbitrtrvconngicangNhu,tnm1959,nirng:"NhucykhnngbttayviCngSn.Nhu
sthahipviCngSnkhinocmthybdnvochntng.Nhulthngihnhxhontontheochnhsch"sautaltrnihngthy"
(aprsmoi,cestledeluge)17.Saunytnhliulnhthhinrrnghnkhi:
schngicatnglnh,cangiM,vcaPhongtroPhtgiokhngchoNhumtchnlanokhchnbmlychnhquyn
ngoicchliulnhthahipviHNi.ViNhuthkhngcglmtthdin.Ttcminhnchnguchothynhmuscach,vsng
ringbittrongcnphngbcgmvxarithctnngthn,ctngchngtrnhpChinLclmtthnhcng.Nhngphctrnhcaccs
quankhmnmvcccngchcsstclinhi(vsthnhcng)nhth,cnVitCngthhhiurngnucthahip,chcchnhs
cli18.
Vachunglthuytvanngucchquan,litnhliulnhnnkhibdnvothngcngthngNhukhngthlmgkhchnlquayv
thahipvikthCngSn,mtkthmvuctimnhimnhnglthuytkhuynhtTyphng,ngNhukhngthynphinhnbnv
phntinha,mtkthmnngucchquan,ngNhukhngnhgicmttngquanlclngrtbtlichominNam,mtkth
mvtnhliulnhthon,ngNhukhngcnbitnhnghuqugsxyrasaukhithahip.
o0o
Bnnguynnhnmticptrncthxemnhlnhngscyhmdasantoncach:NhndnminNamyngNhurakhit
thlnho,VitCngyngNhurakhivtridinchnhng,chnhquynMyngNhurakhitcphongctncti,vbnchtch
quanyngNhurakhinhngkhnkhochnhtrtithiucamtnginmvnmnhtnc.Trcnhngscy,ngNhuhtayith
cticcht:ThahipviCngSnhagiimiscyanglmlunglaych,angedasantoncabnthnngNhu,cagiatc
NgnhvcabphiCnLao.
Thtvy,thahipcviHNithMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamskhngcnvaitrng,Mskhngcldoplc,nhndnmin
NamskhngcntththayngNhuchngCng,vringcnhnngNhuskiuhnhlmcnhimvlchshahpvinhngngi
"anhem"bnkia.Cngtrongcontnhthahipliulnhny,ngNhutinchcrngMskhngbaogibminNammphitrnn"dbo"hn
qunbnhnhhngcaCngSnccscmnhcangNhunhngCnLao,pChinLc,khiCnggiodic,ccbphnvtrang
trongquni,mtv,cngan,stcchvscmnhthchinschlcthahipmkhngbphnbi.
ngNhuchquanvliulnhtnhtonnhvy,nhngcnngDimthsao?Lptrngcangvthicangnhthnotrongtonbm
muthahipviCngSnHNicangiemctrut?
ngDimlmttnCnggiocmtnimtnngngmnhngkhngsusc,ngtintngtuytivosmngthinglingtiudit
CngSnmngcholhinthncaSatan.Lptrngchnhtrcangchlmtthhintnhinnhngxctntngiocangchkhngphi
t mt chng nghim hay nghin cu chnh tr su sc v ch ngha McL, phong tro Cng Sn v bi cnh ca dn tc Vit Nam. i vi ng
Dim,lngiCnggiothtnhinphichngCng.VcngtmngquannimchcnchrngchcngiCnggiomichngCngtht
smthi.TonbquanimchngCngcangDimcngnhasnhngngingocangtabtnguntcismngtngtiu
ditmaqulmsngdanhCha,hnltnhngtnhcmhocthcdntc,nhnquyn,bnhng,tdoVthchonnkhiquniPhp
375/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ditmaqulmsngdanhCha,hnltnhngtnhcmhocthcdntc,nhnquyn,bnhng,tdoVthchonnkhiquniPhp
trliVitNamvonm194546diquynchhuycamtvtuslcThierrydArgenlieuthhuhtngiCnggioVitNamuchnla
theonghoqunxmlcmnchiubichngCngny,chkhngcmtchtngnngichnhtrnogiahaichnla"theoKhngChin
chngTy"hay"theoTychngCngSn"nhtnhtrngkhphqutcaasccbphnkhccadntclcbygi.D,nhiuoThn
binhhptcviqunivinchinhPhplcbygicncgilLnho,vnm1946,khilclngCnggiochophbin"LThLunLu"
vthnhlp"LinonCnggioVitNam"thnidungvngccancnglychimlctnhVThncachnghaCngSn.
Vmtchnhtr,khngnhngcnhnngDimcmithmuviCngSngitchaconngNgnhKhivgiamtngtiThiNguyn,m
chnhsnghipchnhtrcngnhnhngquynlcvdanhvngcangucxypnhchtrngchngCngcang,donhngthlc
chngCngVitNamcngnhngoiqucngh.Ngy7thng12nm1961,ngDimgichoTngthngKennedymtlthditrnhbytnh
trngbitcanhndnminNamdoCngSngyrakugivTngthngncbngip 19.Lthnyhpphphavchnhng
haquytnhgiqunHoaKthamchintiVitNamcaKennedyvcngcthmlptrngchngCngquytlitcangDimlcbygi.
Ngaynhngthngcuicngcach,lcngchotncngcccsPhtgiovnpTngNithngcngnhndanhsedocaCngSn
binminhchochnhschtnbothtisaotcilptrngthnM,chngCngstnhthnglihonchuyntngquanthbn
chtrnguingminhMvbttayvikthCngSnmnaynggil"anhem".
TilmtcnbtrungkinvingDimvlptrngyuncvchngCngSn,thvicchuynittngvlptrngcangtochoti
mtnibnkhon,thcmcrtquanyu.TicthichtrngthahipviHNilchnhcangDimhaycangNgnhNhu.Titht
tmnghingrngngDimbngNhuthuytphclikovngDimthiuquytonmlicnngNgnhNhu.Thtth,cucichnh
trcangDimchothythilmquanNamtriungnitinglnhthi"cnkimlimchnh"chkhngphinhtinngtrtu,vmi
chnhschvhotngucquanTychbo.ngchcnthihnhngnnglicaitrvchnhschhcangiPhpl
cthngquantinchcri.TngylmTngthng,vthiukhnnglnho,limangtnhtnhbtthngkhinhukhicng,uclnxn,
nnngphinhqunhiuvosgipsccaanhem,vvysauhontonbanhemchiphiiung.TsaubincNhyDcuinm
1960,ngitathytngquancahaianhemngDimNhutrongPhTngthngkhngkhcgthivuaLchaTrnh,dbngoingDimvn
cgiciththngcamtvnguynthqucgia.TsaucucochnhNhyD,nhtltngydnvdinhGiaLong(saucucnmbomdinh
cLp),nhngngitrongDinhthngthyngDimhngngykphsxungvnphngngNhutngdibncngvic,thamkho
kin.NgitaccmtngngDimhnhxnhmtvinchcthahnhmanghsntrnhbycngvicvithngcplngNhu.Trong
bincPhtgio,ngDimngvaitrcamtngloatuynb,cnttckhochiphvicuckhnghongudongNgnhNhu
thitkvquytnhmngNhuthlivnlngiqunv,nukhngmunnilsv,nhccnhnchngvtiliunir.Thnhra
trongdinhTngthng,nhtlvonhngnmcuicng,ngDimbinthnhnhnvtthba,nmdiquynhnhtuytnhcavchngNg
nhNhu.
thyrbmylnhoticaocachvxcnhngvtrcangDimtrongbmyny,tahynghenhngchngnhnngyngy
tngtrctiptheodivlinhgngivibmymt.ngNguynThi,cuGimcVitTnX,vitrng:
Mcdllnhtcach,NgnhDimkhngthvthtskhngquytnhmtmnh,hontonclpkhinhngtrungtmquynlc
khctrongchc.Ngclingbhnhhng,vnhngquytnhcangphnnhkhngnhnglisuynghcangmcncah
na.DngDimcbithaykhngrngngangbchiphibianhemkhctronggianhthngDimvncvnhthath,lmng,hayngay
cnngdavonhhngcah.
SnhhnglnnhauvlinhvquynlcgiaanhemtronghthnglnhocaTngthngDimcgil"gianhtr".iunykhng
thkhngchcbivnltrungtmgungmycaitrngsaunnhnhchnhcaNamVitNam.Cngnhnumtngikhngbitgv
376/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thkhngchcbivnltrungtmgungmycaitrngsaunnhnhchnhcaNamVitNam.Cngnhnumtngikhngbitgv
cnhnNgnhDimthngikhngthhiucslnhocaTngthngNamVitNam,khngththyctondinchnhcucnu
ngikhngquanstgianhhNg20.
ngonThm,nglVnphngBPhTngThng,cnisuvohintng"gianhtr"mtcchrrnghn:
TrongmyanhemgianhhNg,ngNgnhNhulnginhhngngDimhnc.Trongmynmu,ngDimkhngthyccemng
clight.ngtinrngmiscngkchudolngk,domumlygincaiphng.
nhiuln,ngnivingichungquanh:BNhuchukhlm,auhoimcgnglmviccngch,thinhcminglm.
Nhngringthycnhngngichthncngphninhiuhnhngcab.SbthagiabvingCnchnghn,khngthgikn.
Phil"cho"micganlnnbtrcngTngthng.ngDimhaybtrchlnhunhcmcvchngngNhulmmalmgi.
ngDimbitxtrrasao?Cthtngyutqukhng?Timunbitrhaiim.
Vingithntnvquynthuchiucnikhtmcang.Khngnhngngphnvngiattngringtvdlunchung,mngcn
haybktgianhngngiruttht.
CbnngvHungiphrtlu,mtcenvdirtcxungtrnvmangtai,ngkhngnikhngrngchtheothiquenkhingsuyngh
nghalditnthucl,chahtnaiunychmiukhcdinhiuhn.
ngmuntrongmngoim,thhclccvgindi,nginkhchbcngikia.ngthngttc,chngnbnhaigtai.ngcnng
Nhuhnht,saomingicmunchttayng?
Nhngchnglngkhngdmcphnnghaysao?ngCnbittnhlnglcaanhbomtngichu:gicngTngthngmkhng
khngbngtattkhngc.KhngbTngthnglnimnh,dalmbanuchachunghe.nghaykhng,bNhubinthuytqu
hnghntrcmtng.
nhngtrnghp,ngiphichngkiningichongDim.ngkhngquenmnhdntrcphnlicnvyucangiemqu
nht.Sauht,ngkmvngnngvthiutinginnchcaumt,khngnghe,khngbc,lngthinh,trongmtbukhngkhnngn.Rt
cuc,ngchthdi,hnhnhtgiithot,giithotbngthath.
ngcholngrnglngchkhngphilngchung.BithclnngkhuynmtBtrng:Thithngnbngitahaynhiuli.
Xongththi,mnhnngbntmlmchi,chonynmlovicln21.
Nhngttcvnlnu"n"khngynthsao?
V"N"khngynchonntmttncthanhbnhvmtdntconktthi195556,"N"nggprtnhiu,qunhiu,vovicbin
thnhmttnclylonvmtdntcbphnhavonm196263.Vnmythngcuicng,khibcdntcchngi,khibktheda,
khibngminhkhuynco,vkhichngtinhnhkhochthahipviqunth,th"N"cnhnghchtuynb:"ngDimkhngthcaitr
377/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
minNamnukhngcchngti.TrilichngticthcmquynlnhoqucgiadkhngcngDim"22.
Nitmli,tathyngDimtuychngCngnhnglmtthchngCngbiukinhachkhngcthcyvchobimtcsllun
vngchchoccchngnghimbngmtqutrnhutranhsngcht.nglilmtngihnhxvaitrlnhonhnglikhngctcch
vquynlccamtnhlnho.thbntnhnglinhunhc,ddi,nhtllcphiiphvinhngvnphctpvtoln.Tlu,ng
tintngtuytivongNgnhNhulngiemkhngnhngngthngyutinphcmcnnsna,ngnnhtraotonquyn
lnhoqucgiachoem.Chonntrongnhngnm196263,trcnhngkhnghongdndp,mkhnghongnocngphctpvtrmtrng,
trcmttnhthvthnkhnngllunvkhnngiphcamtnginhng,ngantmtraohtvnmnhcach,camin
Nam,votayvchngNgnhNhu.
Ngaycquytnhquantrngnht,vquidnht,lchngMthahipviCngSnHNi,ngcngbngNgnhNhuthuytphcd
dng.ThiphitaytrcnhngquytnhsinhtcangkhngkhcgthirataytrnhtrchnhimcavinThngcPontiusPilate
trckhitraovnmnhchaGiSuchovinchtPharisinvlclngLaMnginhChalnthnhgi.T,nghontonbngNg
nhNhuiungvtrthnhmtconcclcchovchngNhutrichiunhvnbinhmnhviCngSnHNi.
TicthnischuynbinlptrngcangDim,tdaongnbng,vtbngndnthnvommu,chcVVnHivti
lbitcphnno.SdbitvmtphnchngtilnhngcnbqugngivthnthitvingDimnvtquakhitngquan"ch
huythuccp"thngthng,vphnkhclvchngticchtmkhmphmmumchngtibtunghingtnm1960,sau
cucchinhbincabinhchngNhyD.BcsTrnKimTuyntuylcngsvinsmtcangNhutrongdinhcLp,cthbitnhiuvng
Nhu,nhngivingDimthcngchngnglitngquan"chhuythuccp"mthi.
AicngbitVVnHivtilhaicnbctcncangDim,vstnvongcachcngnhcangtagnlinvismngcachngti
dchngtiubngNhunghing,onght,vdchngtiucmthnhmCnggioCnLao,nhngkmchngtichollmhisc
mnhchnhtrvuytncangDim.Vth,chngticgngtheodithcstnglivhotngchnhtrcaPhTngthng,cangDim
vcavchngNgnhNhu,nhtlvNhu,nginbmHivtimnhdanhlth"CuVHlytinhcK".
Sau cuc o chnh ca Nhy D vo cui nm 1960, ti c thc mc ti sao anh em ng DimNhu c kt n ngi M ch trng cuc o
chnhtronglcchnhnhMmtphnmVngVnng,ngilnhocucbinhbintmngngtncngdinhcLp,tochichong
Dimgiqunvphncng.TilitrnhbychongDimbitcthnhmVngVnngclinhvihthngginipPhpvtkhitrn
quaCaoMin,nhmVngVnngctnhbocaSihanouklinlcvchechngay.CuTrungtTrnnhLantrongcquanginip
PhpcngtParisnPhnomPenhlinlcviVngVnng,tronglcNguynChnhThithlibchnhquynvquniCaoMinbci.
VicnybcsTuyncnbitrchitithntivbocoyvingNhu.
SktnllngkhinchoHivtitmtheodivtmhiu.RinhngskinkhctiptcxyranhvisPhpRogerLalouettev
ngNhutrnnthnthithn,vTrngphionBaLantrongyhiQuctKimsotnhchinMieczyslawManelicsnnkcnghn,
vcngkchngiMcnglccngkchlitvlintchn.Chonunm1963,khimtphionQuchiVitNamCngHathmvingPhp
thHivtikhngcnnghinggna.SauTtQuMo(1963)mtthng,tivHigpnhauphikimmidkinvduytxttonb
nhngbinchuyncadinhGiaLongthainmqua,vHivalolngvabunruktlun:"ngCvngNhuthayilptrngrianh
Mui.BygilchngM,bttayPhpnichuynviHNi!Chngtalmgich?"
Lmgbygi?lcuhilnmHivticbmnhmisuthaimaXunvHcanm1963.cnglcuhivtrakhicilin
htnhcmgiachngtivngDimcngnttrongcilinhgiachngtivtnc.MaThunm,khitilyquytnh
378/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
htnhcmgiachngtivngDimcngnttrongcilinhgiachngtivtnc.MaThunm,khitilyquytnh
cngvitondnltchNgnhDimthtibitHicnglyquytnhrimthhinrrngnhtltrongngyCchmng11163,d
ngDimkhncpgiHinhiulnnhngngibnhincatinhtquytnmtinh,khngvoDinh.Phinhnvotnhbnthmthitgiang
DimvcnVVng,thnphcaHi,phinhnvotnhthytrvcngkhnkhtgiangDimvHitrn20nmtri,vhynhhnhng
caHitrongbincNhyDnm1960mithycvicHikhngvoDinhlcbygilaunvquytlitnhthno.
o0o
TonbschlcthahipviCngSncaanhemNhuDimcthtmtttrongbnkhochsauy:
1.CngkhaivcthchngM,nhngchchngnmtmccnkimsotc,vathomniukintinquytcaHNivalicth
sdngclclngcaMnhmtplcviHNi,hocnucn,cthquaytrlitnhtrngngminhnhc.
2.Vnngmtsqucgia,cbitlPhp,ngvaitrtrunggianvbomsthcthicathahiptrongvsaukhithahipthnhhnh.
3.ChunbvtinhnhnhngbinphpanninhvchnhtrkimsotcclclngqucgiavqunchngminNamtrongtrnghpnidy
chngithahipny.
4.TrctipithoivichnhquynHNithngthovvnchmdtchintranhvthngnhttnc.
BnkhochcsongsongtinhnhvdochnhngNgnhNhuiungkimsot.Vtnhcchtimtvtiquantrngcan,nhng
nhnscchnlathihnhcccngtclnhngthuchtrungtnnhtcangNhu,vchbitctngphnmkhngbitctonb
khoch.Trongmtvitrnghpcbit,chnhngNhuchthntrctipthihnhcngtcbotonbmt.
Dintincabnkhochlccngkhailcbmt,lcthdndplcthbtc,nhngmtcchthlpthxyranhsau:
Tunm1960,vitcchltrngnhimsngoigiaotiLunn,ngNgnhLuynxinhikinviTngthngPhpDeGaulle.ng
lngDeGaullekhngtipnhngvngLuyncnlbocangDim,nnTngthngDeGaullechutiptrong15phtvittcslnhlng
vquiccamtcuchikinngoigiao.BuihikinnhmmngchongNhunhngkhngmangliktqunovnm1961,khi
ngNgnhNhutrnngidlngquangcavuaHassanIItiMarocghquaParisxingpTngthngDeGaullethbtchimch
c B trng Ngoi giao Couvre de Murville tip kin v mi n cm. Tham d bui tic ny c cc ng Phm Khc Hy, Bu Hi, i s Php
LalouettevngEtienneManac,GimcngNamSVcaBNgoiGiaoPhp(ngnyrtthinvHNi).Tuycgngbytmicmtnh
ivincPhp,nhngngNhukhngthnhcngtrongvicthuytphccCouvredeMurvillevmtchnhschmncPhpcthng
mtvaitrquantrnghntiVitNam.
NhngnukhngthnhcnglnthtrangNhucngtocmtmilinhttpvhuchviisPhpLalouettengnytiptc
thuyt phc chnh quyn "nn can d vo ni b Vit Nam khuyn khch v gip anh em ng Dim trnh c gng km ca M" (emprise
americaine)23.
Nm1961nhdumtkhcquanhquantrngtrongchnhschngoigiaocaPhpiviVitNamvmanglinhngktquttpchoskin
nhncaisLalouettetrongviclintcthuytphcchnhphmnhhycanthipnhiuhnvoVitNam.Thtvy,thtbicaMtiCuba
(VnhConHeo,thng4nm1961)chomtshohontoncu,hinghGenvevvnLo(thng5nm1961)muchomtchnhph
379/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
(VnhConHeo,thng4nm1961)chomtshohontoncu,hinghGenvevvnLo(thng5nm1961)muchomtchnhph
linhipdoHongthnSouvannaPhoumalnho,HNinghmtlotcchipchptcvnhavkthutviParis,nhngskin
chochnhphPhpthyrngchiuhngchnhtrquct,cbittingDng,khngthunlichoHoaKchtno.KkhnglM
ngythvngvthtbitiVitNamPhpcthralicihnnmxabngcchyMrakhiVitNamhunmliuthtrnvngt
cuthuca,mnhhngvnhacngnhquynlikinhtvnchabphaim.thchinmctiuny,trunglphangDngtin
timtVitNamthngnhtphilinktlcngthcchnhtrcanglingoigiaoPhp.
BngoigiaoPhpbtumnhngcucthmdviHNivSiGn.BngcchichithuyntrnsngSiGn,ngNhuvLalouettegp
nhaunhiulngiiquytnhngkhcbitcuicngvhochnhnhngkhochcnthitchovicthahipgiahaimin.TrcSiGn
ParisHNicnglccngckhaithngchonhngmmu,nhngdtnh,nhngthontunchy.VnthngHainm1963,trongkhicng
lunvchnhgiiHoaKcngphnvsbtlccachnhschqunvinMquathmbipBcvsditrcachnhphNgnhDimvkt
qutrnnhny,thchnhphPhpnmlychi,chnhthcmimtphionQucHiVitNamquathmParis.
Sau khi c ng De Gaulle tip kin, phi on Quc hi do ng Trng Vnh L cm u, gm cc Dn biu H Nh Chi, Nguyn Hu Chnh,
NguynQucHng,TrnVnTh,trangcnhinmtcchhngth("surpriseagrable")vcangiDeGaulle"rtthngcmviVitNam"
(trscomprhensiblelgardduVietnam").
CngvomaXunnm,ngMieczyslawManelinSiGnlnthnhmnhimchcvTrngphionBaLantrongyhiQuct
Kimsotnhchin(caHinghGenve1954).
ngManelilmtcnbtrthcThinChagiocaocpcangCngSnBaLan,ckhuynhhngqucgiaccoanvtdotinb,lilmt
ngihiubitnhiuvvnVitNam.Hnna,ngManeliliquenbitthnthitvicclnhtCngSncaocpminBccngnhlicdp
i v thng xuyn ng H NiSi Gn nh t cch Trng phi on Ba Lan trong y hi Quc t, nn khi ng va n Si Gn th i s
LalouettelinlcngayvkhuynnngpngNgnhNhu24.
Sau,TrngphionnlisGoburdhun,rivisiLiGiovanniOrlandi,vngaycKhmmngTathnhSalvatoredAsta
cngthcgicManelintipxcngayviNhu.TuybitrngangcnhngvnngquantrnglinhnncanhemDnChCngHaBc
Vit,nhngvchanmydkinvchthnnManelitchi:"TiidinchomtqucgiakhngcngnhnminNamVitNam.Theoquy
ccaHipcGenvethchnhquynnychctnhcchgiaothi,dotichphinchovTngtrngNgoigiaomthiTuynhinv
thctchnhtr,tisvuimngcgpngNhuviiukinlngtamiti"25.
Vilitrlilinhng,bavisPhp,nvxemnhngManelingtrnnguyntcnntmmicchdnxpmtcucgpg
NhuManeli.HcngchongManelibitrnghphctrnhyvingNhuvqutrnhlinhvtthcangManeliivicplnho
HNi,vngNhubytmungpngManeli("Nhuhimselfhadexpressedinterestinmeetingme").TronghikcangManeli,ngthnhn
rngngkhngcytintcvnhngvnngttrcchokhochthahipviHNinhngNhu,mchcchntrongkhoch,
ngNhuvhaivisncngnhPhpcnhngmutnhtlu.iulmchongManelingcnhinl:
khochcaGoburdhunnhmlmtrunggiangiaNamvBcVitNamlmtkthpgiasngythvququyt,giasthiuthctinvl
thuyttrutng,giashngbinvsphctpcavn.immuchtcakhochnylcunirtmdncaNhu:"Ticngchngt
bn".CnkhicpnmtchnghaxhithcNhulnGoburdhunukhngxcnhnimtcchrrng,ngoitrchnghaxhikhng
datrnduyvtbinchngLigiithchcaNhucngmhnhlimngtahngtuynbrngtrnthgiiny,ngtalngitheoch
380/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nghaxhichnchnhnhttrongkhivnnmlyhngtriuMkimcangnkhM26.
CnvphnisPhpLalouettethsauhailngpnhau,ngManelicbitkhochcaPhpltmcchchohaiminBcNamthngtho
vinhautinntraoivnhavkinht,humngchonhngthahipchnhtrsauny.PhnvcchiarlngManelisngh
viHNimthctrongkhiisLalouettesgilinhvichnhphSiGn.
Mttunsau,vocuithngHai,ngManeliiHNivtrnhbytonbkhochcaLalouettechoccngPhmVnngvXunThyth
chsauhaingy,nhncsngcaHNirng"nhlicaHChtchtuynbtlu,chnhphsnsngbtuthngthobtk
lcnovbmthaycngkhaicngc" 27.nhkmvithtrlilmtdanhschnhngsnphmsctraoigiahaimin,kc
nghcngxutbnschchung.
ngManelibaytrvSiGnvbocochoisLalouettebitnhcaHNikhinngLalouettetrahilng.cbitngLalouettecct
vnmivthicaccngHChMinh,PhmVnngvVNguynGipcthhncnhnngNhuhaykhng?Khicbith"khngth
hn"mcncv"tintngNhu"(?!)ngLalouettephikuln:"Trsintressant!Trsimportant!"ngManelichorngcuhildongNhu
thcyngLalouettehivcmtngcanglminguyntcvthahipcngri,giaionnychcnlnhngvncnhnm
thi.
Cng trong ma Xun nm 1963 , ym tr cho nhng vn ng ca i s Php, v ch tch ca y Hi Quc T KSC l i s n
Goburdhuncngnhpnhngtinhnhmtscngtckhc.ngtaraHNithmngHChMinhnhndpuXun.Vtrongbuinichuyn
trartngcnhinnhnthyHNicbitchntnhtrngcngthnggiaMvanhemngDim,nhtlvic"ngDimchnglicc
plccaM".
Viiub"ngythkhaibtchcni",ngHChMinhhiisncglxyratithSiGnkhng,vnansckhengDim
vtvtmnvicngDimbMplc.ngHChMinhcngbytsticnuivSiGnkhngchuchpnhnnhngmphnm
HNinhiulnnghtintimtthahipchung.Khiisntgirav,ngHChMinhcnncndnd:KhinogpngDimnh
ngbttayh.KhiklichuynnychongNhunghe,ngNhutvcchlmvgiithchchoisnbitrnglnhsthnhcng
caqucschpChinLc(?!)28.
Lihithmnycngnhli"khenngi"ngDimlngiyunccangHChMinh,msaunytndCnLaoCngGiotihingoi
thnghuynhhoangsdngnhmtbngchngkhtn,thtrachlhnhxchnhtrcangHChMinhnhmxigicngDimctiptck
hochuiMrakhiminNammthi.CitihttheoTyntheoNht,bygililmtaysaibnxchoMvVaticanchnglidntcvtiu
ditbaonhiungvinCngSn,lmsaongHChMinhthathgingDiml"ngiyunc"c.NhngngiCnggioVitNam,
vnthollclngchngCnghunghnnhtvnguynrangHChMinhnhiunht,squnttcmchcncunicangHChMinh
ramtchochclcri!
uthngTnm1963,khimidnxpchocucgpgtrctipgiangNhuvngManelibtucvcththngManelibninv
Warsawxinchth.ngthicngthngbochongHVnLuvisNgatiHNibit.Myngysau,idincaphionBaLanti
HNithngbochongManelibitrng"ccngchVitNamrtlutmnnhngchititvsdnxpcaNhu,cngnhnidungcucgp
g",ngthichthnngHVnLutrlithngchongManelirng"ccngchlnhoyucucthngbotckhcvccdin
tin,vnungchcthvHNihivichngtitrckhigpNhuthrttt"29.
TrongkhithngNhucngrorithotng:nolgigiosBuHi(vnlmtphntckhuynhhngthnCngangParisvcy
381/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrongkhithngNhucngrorithotng:nolgigiosBuHi(vnlmtphntckhuynhhngthnCngangParisvcy
lmtrunggianlinlcviPhp)vncnhnchthtrongkhochthahipvi"nhngngiinBinPh"("leshommesdeDienBienPhu"),
noltchcmtchuynthamquanchnhtrtSiGnlnLtchobaviscayHiQucTgiithiunhngthnhqucapChin
Lc,nhngthnhqumchngNhumimangotngcscmnhlmmtmnhngtrgiviHNi.(Trongcucthamquanny,ng
ManelichbaipChinLcchltrhiviVitCngnhnitrckia).
Nhnghotnglnnhttrongthng5nm1963cangNhulnhmcngkhaihalptrngchngMthamniukintinquytcaH
Ni:ngy12thng5,ngNhutuynbviWashingtonPostnhngthtrahngvHNimnirng:
"Ti khng ngh rng ngi M c kh nng cho chng ti nhng li khuyn v Chin tranh Cch mng.Trong nhiu a ht khc nh khng gian,
ngiMrttinb,nhngcnnhngvnnhtrnmtt,tinghrngngiMkhnggiihnchngti".ngthitrongmtcucphngvn
khccaUPI,NhutmunHoaKrtmtslncvnqunsvnc30.
CngtheoGeorgeChaffardthngNgnhNhucsngcangDimctnhtonhiukhkhnchongiMtrckhichophpM
sdngchthahckhaiquangvngrngnimVitCngssdngchuynqun,hocthitlpcccncxutquntncngquni
VitNamCngHa.
KhochkhaiquangcaMlcvamiphtngbMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamnhginguyhimnntcoddi.GiosBuHi,
ngitrongPhongtroHabnhckhuynhhngthnCng(tnggintipchnglithnmulnisDiuKhngtrongbincPhtgio1963)
cngchngminhhachtkhaiquanglchiymtrchokhochchngMcangNhu.Ngy26thng4nm1963,NgaSyucuAnh
CtLi,ngchtchtronghahiGenve,phiyhiQuctKimsotnhchinmcuciutra,nhngngy18thng5,Anhquctrlil
"khngphilcmcuciutra".Nirra,haingminhAnhvMcngnhBThammuquniVitNamCngHaungphic
chindchkhaiquang,nhtlticcvngnhChinkhuD,chinkhuX,rngUMinh,v.vtiuditVitCngvlmgimthiuthng
vongchobinhsVitNamCngHa.TronglcthchvchtrngchngMlmhilngHNi,haingDimvNhugintipbnhvc
cholptrngcaNgaSvMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamtrongvicchnglichindchsdngthuckhaiquangny.ThianhemngDim
cnglmtngthmsnghingcativvicngtacholnhccngHunhVnCao,BinhmvnhiucpchhuykhngcnhuiVit
CngkhiVitCngtholuitrongcctrnchintingbngsngCuLongtrongnm1962,dtrnmtcngkhaingtralosbinhssthng
vongnhiu.
KhngnhngnochngMquabochvbngv"thuckhaiquang",haingDimvNhucndngbmytuyntruynxmcachtung
ratinngNhutchiliyucunhngthu(cessionandbail)quncngCamRanh.chlmtlinngytovtibitchcchnkhngc
mtdnno,lcbygi,vvnc.CamRanhlmtquncngthhnBThammuphibitvvnnhngtuytnhinccsquan
caocpkhngbaogingheniti.Hnna,cctiliukhtncaBQucphngM,cacccquantruynthngquct,cngnhccsch
vnghincusauny,ukhnghcpnvnny.NgayccctiliucaCngSnticngkhngthyh"kch"minNamvvn
.Vli,lcbygi,Mchachnhthctgiqunthamchinthhnchacnhucusdngmtcncrnglnvlliunhth.Sauny,
dithiNguynVnThiu,khichintranhbcphtlnvsqunthamchinngo,nhucutipvnvtntrmictravquniM
thitlpnhiucnctoln,bitlptuynhinngayclcbygi,vn"nhngthu"cngkhngccpngiahaiqucgiacng
thamdtrongmtcucchintranhchngkthchung.
VCamRanhchlmtphtsngtrongmttrnchngMcangNhulcbygimthi.Mtphtsnggilcnhngbygi,tihingoi,li
cccsgiahoiNgcholtht,ngybinrngvchngMnnngDimbMgit.
382/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrongkhingNhuidinchochnhphSiGnhunghngchngMthtiHoaThnhn,TngthngKennedyvnbQucHivdlun
qunchngMcngkchvchnhschtiVitNamvnhnghnhngcavchngNhu,licngbcccngsvinplcduytxtlilinh
vi chnh quyn Ng nh Dim.Tuy nhin, t u tin chng Cng ln trn ht v v cn tin tng vo ng Dim qua nhng bo co ca i s
NoltingvmtthiussquanMtiSiGn31,ngKennedyvnchothokhon55triuMkimvongy1751963(nghal5ngysaulituyn
biMrtquncaNhutrnWashingtonPost)chochngtrnhpChinLc.Michonngy22thng5,TngthngKennedymihpbo
minhnhlptrngchominNamvqunchngHoaKbit:
1.SrtquniMkhiVitNambtclcno,nuchnhphVitNamyucu.Mtngysaukhiciuihi,schongaymtsqunv.
Nhnmnhlimthnht.
2.HyvngrngtnhthVitNamschophprtmtsqunvocuinmnay,songerngcucchinucngaygo32.
LituynbdtkhotvquytlitlmchongNhulolngvkhochthahipcangNhuviCngSnHNimivocuithngNm,
chagiiquytcnhngvncth.Vvy,chnhphSiGnimlngkhngclibnhlunhoctuynbgtrlivquytnhnyc.
(MichonthngTm,saukhibHoaKcngkhailnnvtncngchachin,vsaukhiicsuhnvokhochthohip,ngNhumi
cngkchMtrlibngcchktnCIAkhuynkhchvymtrPhtgio,mcdngcli,trcchnhngtngtcoPhtgiob
CngSniung,vmcdchnhimsCIAtiSiGnngvphechDim).VlituynbtrncaTngthngKennedycngchothy
MkhngmunltchDim,snsngthamnnhngihicaanhemngDimNhu.
CuithngNmnm1963,sauvcmtreocPhtgiovbongtiHu,bincPhtgiotrthnhmtcuckhnghonglnchochNg
nhDim.NhngtinnvmtcucochnhltngDimvvchngNhucnglccnggiatngvcngcngkhai.
NgaycccquanstvincaVaticancngmtchnylchthnphngTynguxunnhtCcquanstvinnytuynbmt
cchcngkhaimkhngcnncsthntrngtithiucamtnhnvinngoigiaoonRrngssuytncachDimangcm
tngngy,vVaticanmuntchrimilinhvichnykhingcngphevikspbbitrn33.
TrongthngSunm1963,nhngcuctthiucacctngsPhtgiovnhngcucbiutnhclclngsinhvinhcsinhthamgialm
chotnhhnhSiGnthmcngthng.LnhgiinghimvtqunitrongtnhtrngbongkhinchongManeliphigibnphctrnhti
mtsauychoToisBaLanvNgaStiHNi(mkhnggichongHVnLu):
DimvNhutptrungminlcchnglingiMvPhongTroPhtgio.Cclclngmtvvcngandnhnhiuthgitheodi
ccmeMhnltheodiVitCngQunikhngciungrachintrngvbhonchuynlintcmboanninhchogianh
hNg.VitCnghunhbqunlnghn(theVietCongarepracticallyforgotten)MttrnGiiphngMinNamkhngkhaidngchiny
tncngqunchnhphvchnhHNichamunltDimvNhu,HNicnkodithmthigiansngstcaDimvNhuhcth
tcmtthohipviHNisaulngngiM
QuanhngtintccbitmtinhnctminBc,thmtcuctholunNgHbtutlurivisgipcangiPhp.Nhti
phctrnh,PhmVnngvXunThuthcgictinngpNhu.KhichimuntinhngviNhukhngthhtrli:"ngcthcho
Nhubitvlptrngcachngtivvngiaothngvhptc,hobnhvthngnht.NhngcmtimchcchnlngiMphirai.
Chtrncnbnchnhtrthchngtimicththngthobtcviug"PhmVnngcnnhnmnhrngHipcGenvesc
dnglmcnbnphplvchnhtr,nghalkhngcccncqunscangoiqucvkhngcquningoinhp.
383/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
dnglmcnbnphplvchnhtr,nghalkhngcccncqunscangoiqucvkhngcquningoinhp.
KhichiDimvNhumtngykiacbbtvxtxtrctonnhndnkhng,PhmVnngchtrlirng"ttcmivnucth
tholun.Chngtimunchmdtnhnhau,thitlphobnhvthngnhttrnmtcnbnthtthct.Chngtirtthct"34.
Trongkhithvouthng7nm1963,isLalouettecTngthngDeGaulletriuhivPhpthamkho.
ngLalouettetrnhbychoTngthngPhpbitnhngldokhinchSiGnmunngiMphiraivtmkimmtthohipviHNi.
Mungiiphpthnhcng,chDimchtrngnhncPhpgip.PhntrnhbycaisLalouettephhpvilitrnhbycahai
nhnvtVitNam(?)vingEdmondMichellevcilicaPhpkhic"trli"ng.NhhaitingchungminElysech,vvth
mTngthngPhpququytvingLalouetterngngcnhngbococangis,vngngvischlcdongis
ngh.TngthngPhplpliquytnhlslmmicchgipanhemnhNg"iconngthngnhtvclptnccah".Nc
Phpschngtcchkhichin"35.
TicnnhrkhiisLalouettetParisvcmttunlthngJeanFrancoisDoudinotdelaBoissire,idincaPhptiHNi,ln
utint9nmquabayvoSiGnghthmBngoigiao,rivodinhGiaLonglin.VVnHi,NguynnDuynvtitheodithtkth
bitnhliHini"ngCbvchngNhuxminhPhplmtrunggianthahipviHNi".
Ngy27thng4nm1963,trongmtcnginmtgivWarsaw,ManelichobitccidinngoigiaocakhiASEANlinlcmtthitvi
ngvcbitdxemcthctrnghpchnhquynNhuDimhptcviMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamchngMkhng.ngManeli
trlirng:
cuckhnghonghintildoMvDimkhngtntrngHipcGenvetchcbuc,dochnhschkhngbcachnhquyn,do
quyttmmunCnggiohaVitNambngbolc(toconvertVietnamtoChristianitybyforce),dochnhschkinhtvxhithoib,vcui
cngldosthnhcngcaMtTrn36.
Ngy1481963,ngManeliligimtbocovchuyniHNiuthngTm:
TixinnhclilituynbcacHChMinhlnPhmVnng:"MctiuvnhimvquantrngnhtcachngtiluiM.Risaus
tnh"Rrngcmtsngthuntimt(supersecretunderstanding)giaDimNhuvHNi.Nuchacmtthahipchnhthctht
nhtcmtkhcxhi(contractsocial):lcnoDimNhucnchngMthHNicnchosng37.
Cngtrongngy14thng8,mtbntincaThngTnXPhp(AFP)tHNinhicpnmtcucphngvnngHChMinhcak
giCngSncWilfredBurchetttrong"HChMinhtuycngkchchDimlsnphmcaHoaKnhthngl,nhnglimpmcho
rngchcnscanthipcangoiqucchmdtlcthinngngbngiaMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamvchnhquynminNamto
iukinthngthuyt"38.
Ngy2581963,ngManelinhncgiymicaTnBTrngNgoigiaoTrngCngCuthamdmtbuitiptntiB.Buitiptnny
cmtcngNhulnisMCabotLodge,vllnutinngManeligpngNhu:
"TingchungmtnhmviccisthuckhiTyuvlicnhnNhu.MilnnhthtilithyNhuchmchmnhnti.isOrlandov
KhmmngTaThnhSalvatoredAstagictinhnchinymgpvCvnChnhtrcaTngthng,tibntrlisnsnggpnuhdn
384/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
KhmmngTaThnhSalvatoredAstagictinhnchinymgpvCvnChnhtrcaTngthng,tibntrlisnsnggpnuhdn
xp.VKhmmngTasbnnniviNhumthiricngviOrlando,LalouettevGoburdhunbtudichuyntoramtvngtrnm
trong,"tnhcthay"Nhuvtinggia.VKhmmnggiithiutiviNhuvchngtibttaynhau"39.
VlbuigpmtbnchnhthctrongmtbuitiptncngkhainnngNhuchcpnvnmtcchrttngqut.ngNhumucu
chuynbngcu:"Nhngbit,BaLanlqucgiacnhiungiVitNambitnnht.DnhinlsauncPhp"khincbnvisbao
quanhuchnghng.Sau,ngNhunhnhngchunbchoch:
"tncchngtichabaogitnhnmnhlthucacaPhpdchngtilnlntrongtinhthncannvnhaPhpBygithchng
tilutmnhabnhvchhabnhmthiTitinrngUHQTKimSotnhChincthng,vcnng,mtvaitrquantrngtrongvic
vnhihabnhtiVitNamChnhphVitNammongmunchotngtrongtinhthncaHipcGenve(TheVietnamesegovernment
wishestoactinkeepingwiththespiritoftheGenevaAccords)"40.
Sau,ngNhutmuntiptccuctholunrthngthviManelivchobitsnsnggpkhinongManelimun.itAn,vsquanlin
lc,sdnxp.Haingysau,itAngiinthoichongManelidnxpmtcucgpgvingNhulc10gisngngy2thng9.ng
ManelibnthngbochoWarsaw,TaisNgatiHNi,vBcVitbitngay.isNgatrartquantmnbuigpmtnyvyucu
phctrnhynidungcucgpg.RingngHVnLuthtrlilin:"Ccngchlnhonghnnlngnghethtkcngvkhngha
hniug,ngoivicbytthinchcangchmunmihnhngphinmtrongkhunkhcaHipcGenve.Xingigpchititbui
gpgngaysau".
Tihmtrcbuigpg,isLalouettemingManelintdinhvchobittingiMstchcmtcucochnhDimNhu.is
LalouettecngchobittngkhuyncoisHoaKCabotLodgeviscVonWentlandtrngkhngnnltngDim,vngDiml
hyvngcuicngVitNamchabnh.
"NuDimvNhubltthttckhochcachngtanhmchmdtchintranhvtinnmtthahipviminBcsramykhiDim
Nhukhngcgttc,nhnghnhngcahmiythtlkinhkhng,nhngbygichngtachchlchngMthi"41.
Tuynhin,tikhngcochnhvkhngcmtcucbinhbinnodoMtchc,vringvphaVitNamthnhngvnnglt
chDimvntronggiaiontinhnhnhmkthpthnhmtlclngrnglnhnvchtchhn.
Ngy2thng9,ngNhuvitmtbitrntTimesofVietnamtcoCIA"mmultchhpphptiVitNam"cngkhaivquytlithn
bytchtrngchngMcaDimNhu.ManelingpngNhulnthnhtidinhGiaLongtrongcikhngkhngtngtcaSiGn.Trc
htngNhutrnhbytritlchnhtrcangmtcchrtmhvbnchtchnhtrvtmlinhcacucchintiVitNam,vtheongNhucuc
chinkhngphichnthunlmtcuctranhchpQucCng.Chnghatbnchcgitrchonthkth19,sauthkhngcndng
cna.ngNhuchpnhnmtslunMcXtngoitrduyvtsquanvvsnchuynchnh.TheongNhu,smuthungianhng
ngitheochnghanhnvtiSiGnvnhngngiCngSntiHNikhnglinhgnquynthutrongchnghatbnmlinh
nnhnggitrtinhthn,vngNhunhnmnh:
TilmtngitheobinchngHegelianvtingviktluncaMarx:nhncphibinmt42.
Sauphncthoimnglungvdidng,ngNhumibtuithngvochcabuinichuyn,lngNhukhngchnglivicthng
thovhptcviminBc("IamnotagainstnegotiationsandcooperationwiththeNorth")vhyvngvitcchcngnhnhimvcamtthnh
385/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thovhptcviminBc("IamnotagainstnegotiationsandcooperationwiththeNorth")vhyvngvitcchcngnhnhimvcamtthnh
vintrongyhiQuctKimsotnhchin,ngManelicthngmtvaitrtchcc.
SaukhicngManelinhnli,ngNhuchobithinnaychathuntintrctipgpcplnhoHNinhngtrongtnglaignthmis
sddnghn.Vbuigpmtchmdt.
RakhidinhGiaLong,ngManelingpisPhpLalouettengay,vsaukhiklinidungbuigpmtvingNhu,ngLalouettecvbn
chnvkhngthycgcth.KhininontritlngNhuchngchnghatbn,Lalouettenhnnh:"Nhuvnmangotnglcth
tinnmtscmthngviLodge.Nhukhngmunchtcu.NuNhukhngbotngnythsthtbi.Nhulmmtlilmrtbi
thm"isLalouettecngngvingManelirngchDimbcthgiikhinhghtnhng"nuchngtamuntinnhabnhthkhng
cngiiphpnona"43.
Haingysau,ngManeligimtbocodi,trnhbymichititcabuigpgngNhuchoBNgoiGiaoBaLan,isNgaTovmassianti
HNivngHVnLu.NhngtrongkhihaingTovmassianvHVnLutracbitquantmvyucungManeliiHNigpthB
NgoigiaoBaLanligicngincmngManelitykhngcgpngNhunavchmdtmihotnglinhncngtcny44.
LngingmtvaitrquantrngtrongmmuthahipgiaSiGnvHNitrongchnthngcuicngcachNgnhDim,sauny
(nm1971)khihitngli,ngManelicnhngnhnnhnhsauvgiaion:
mmunycphtngtluvdochnhngNhukhixng.
PhpvnlhaiqucgiautincngNhulinlcnhlmtrunggian,saungNhucnhsymtrcaTathnhVaticanna.
CccngquclinhnVitNamuchngimmuny:NgavTuvmunchoMbsalytrongcucchintiVitNam,vHoaKv
munxydngmtchchngCngtingNam.
HNikhngbtvocithphithahipvlicngkhngcldothahipvimtchchngCngvthnM.Tonbkhoch
chnhmmmugymuthungiachDimvM,giacclclngtiminNamMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamlnmnhthmhuc
thchinthngbngmtgiiphpquns.
RingivichNgnhDim,ngManelichorngkhitinhnhmmuny,cccplnhonghnchnhhnhiuhnlnmin
Nam.Basailmlnl(1)ngNhukhngbitgvCngSn,cbitlgiilnhoCngSntiHNi(2)lnhPhplmtrunggianvcui
cngl(3)nhgisaiphnngcaMkhi"blackmail"qucgiany.Ngoira,theongManeli,ngNhusngtrongotng,khngbitgv
thctcaminNammkhuynhhngvlclngchnhtrchngCngcanhndnVitNamlmtsthtkhngchicic.
"CplnhocachDimNhubbnhcnthnngnmticthsosnhvicnbnhcagiilnhoCngSnloiStalinist"(The
leadersoftheDiemNhuregimesufferedfromdefinitemyopiawhichImightcomparewiththemyopiaoftheStalinisttypeCommunistleaders)45.
VicngManelibchmdtvaitrlinlcnuchlmttrngikthuttrongmmuthahipcachnhphSiGn,thringivingNhun
lilmtduhiuchothyscandcaccthlcNgavMcnglccngmnh,cthphvmmucang.Vvytcuithng9nm
1963,ngdnhtminlcvokhochtchcmtcucbinhbinchnhthcthayngDimhutinhnhnhngbinphpsthntrong
vickimsotcclclngchngivnhtlhucthchmdtnhng"phhoi"cangiM.
386/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vickimsotcclclngchngivnhtlhucthchmdtnhng"phhoi"cangiM.
KhochcgilkhochBravovdnhctchcvocuithng10,ngaysaungyQucKhnh.ngNhunhlyLcLngc
BitcaLQuangTunglmchlc,givbtccngDimvNhuemxungVngTu,risauiungmtsnvdoccsquanCn
LaoCnggiocaSon5(BinHa)vSon7(MTho)chhuy,phihpvimtvilclngkhngtcchincaccNha,StiTh
,vThanhNinCngHa,PhNBnQunS.CclclngnystomtcucochnhgichngchnhphkhngTngthngtiSiGn
viihi"chmdtchintranh","yucuMvnc",v"yucuanhemngDimtiptccmquynthchinhainguynvngcaton
dn".
ngNhusgivdngthnhndnuiMvthahipviCngSnHNichocvchnhngha.ngNhucngralnhchoccng
vinCnLaogivhnhcangDimtivinicngcngxung,lilidngthnhndnmlncmquynhucthvitcchlTng
thngcaminNam,tdovtonquynuiMthahipvingHChMinh.
Tuynhin,vmtphncakhochngNhuphithngbochotngTnThtnhlngimngNhutintngvlcbygianglTngtrn
SiGnGianhnmhtmilclnganninhvNhyD,ThyQunLcChintiTh,nnkhinhquytnhtheolclngCchMngth
nh tm cch ko di m mu o chnh ca ng Nhu ting sng Cch mng ngy 1111963 c n trc v chm dt khng nhng k
hochthahipviCngSncangNhu,mcnchmdtvnhvincchphnbiminNamcaDimNhuna.VingysaukhiCchmng
1111963 thnh cng, trong mt cuc hp bo, tng nh tuyn b r rng v m mu bt tay vi H Ni do trung gian ca Maneli m chnh v
TrngphionBaLanghinhnc.TheokgiKarnowtrong"VietNam:AHistory"(trang292)thsauny,bNhucntitlvicbtad
nhchohaiaconcabtarasngtiHNilmcontin(fraternalgesture)trongmmuthahipviCngSncaanhemchngbta.
SuynghimvtonbvkhochthahipviCngSncahaianhemNhuDimtrongnhngnmcuicngcach,tathynibtln
bavnquantrngsauy:
1.TrchtlquytnhcangNhuthahipviCngSnminBc.
HabnhvthngnhttncnglnguynvngthathitnhtcatondnvphilnhimvhngucamichnhphminNam.Nhng
khngphiHaBnhnocngc,ThngNhtdichnocngc.MtnnHabnhququttmbtrongmttncthngnhtdi
slnhochuynchnhcangCngSnVitNamchcchnkhngphilcmcanhndnminNam,licngkhngphilmctiuca
nhngchnhphmdnchngminNamngh.
Nm1954,gnmttriungiminBcdicvoNam.Nm1955,dnchngbphiutnnhimchnhphNgnhDim,vsutchnnm,qun
dnminNamxngmuchngliCngSn,lnhngtuynngnchnhtrminhbchvlptrngchngCngcanhndnminNam.Do
,nucthngnhtthchnhNamqunphitinvgiiphngtBcvnuchabnhthphilmtnnhabnhsauchinthnghocsau
mtcucthngthomtanmuth.Nhngvisuimchnhtrvchquanvkiucng,trongsqunbchchnhtrvtbthch,ng
Nhukhngthynhngiumidavonhnglthuytkhngtngvnhngchlckhngcthtnhmmuthngnhttnc
bngngttvsngchunghabnhvikth.
ngNhulicngkhngbit,khnghiungnvCngSn,vlclngCngSnquct,vtponlnhoCngSnVitNamtimin
Bc.KhimttchcstthpnhngCngSnVitNamtutingiiphngminNamlntrnchnhschticnthitlxydngminBc,
hysinhbaonhiuxngmutrong10nmtrioanhlitchinthngoqunvinchinhPhp,chimcmtnanc,tinvochngha
gilbchchinbchthngMcL,tquynlidntcdiquynlicavsnquctthkhngcmtldoghcththahipv
sanstncvimtch(dngNhucgilchxhinhnv!)mhtngktnltaysaicaqucM.Vli,tngquanlc
387/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
sanstncvimtch(dngNhucgilchxhinhnv!)mhtngktnltaysaicaqucM.Vli,tngquanlc
lngchnhtrcngnhqunslcbygichohnhnguthmchcntiptckhaidnglcthtinnthnglicuicngtrongmt
tnglaign.HNichcnDimNhuuiMlcoinhchimcminNamri.
ngNhukhngthycnhngiurtcbn,rtctlinhngcngrtrrngvrtcthnnminhdngphnttdocnlica
VitNamchoCngSn.MaymtingsngcchmngcaqunivnhndnminNamkpthiptanmmunytycitovvong
quctnnkhngxyratthpnin60!
NuchDimtdodnchhn,nuchDimckhnngquntrtnchn,vnuringanhemnhNgkhngctictn,
chquanmqungthminNamhncngthnhtnhchuynthngnhttncmtcchcchng,cuth(nhnhngnlcca
NamHn,Tycbygi),vngNhukhngphintimtcchchngtrcdntcvlchs.
2.ThnhlkhochthahipcangNhu.
KhochcangNhuchyulybnscmnhsauybomsantonvthnhtucan:1.SngthunvitponlnhoHNi
vchngMvvmtmthcxydngqucgiatheochnghaxhi.2.ScmnhniticaminNam.3.QuyttmchngCng,khngbri
minNamcaM.4.SbomquctcaPhpvVatican.
VsngthunviCngSnHNi,tathyrtuchoncui,HNichngmtbyspvladichongNhuvotrng.vhnh
ngcaHNilphiuiMkthnguyhimnhtrakhiminNamvtomuthunkhnghngncgiaNhuDimvnhndnmin
Nam.MtkhiMiri,minNambxntvmuthunthMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamsdcscmnhchnhtrlnqunscpchnh
quynvisymtrmimtcaHNi.
ngNhukhngthycchicbyspchnhtrghgm,ngmangotngvmtbnchtdntccangiCngSn,mangotng
vmtchnghaxhimhmngnghlcngphtxutthttngMarxHegel,dongiCngSncthchiasquanim,nnng
mqungchuivochicbycachnhmnhvnnmgntrongchicbylnhncaCngSnHNi.
ngNhuctngchngMhunghnglHNishilng,ctnguiMlscHNiixnhngianhemmkhngnhrng,d
chtrnmthnhthcmthi,HNivnlycciukhoncaHipcGenvelmcsthahip.Mcslgnukhngphilnhng
iukinthuntindnngchoHNichimlyminNam,mtminNamkhngcMymtr,mtminNammdngNhucbucgian
lnvnthtbitrongmtcuctngtuynctonquc.Nhngchlnivmthnhthcvaicngbitrngtnm1956tri,khingDim
cMgipviphmHipcGenvethHNichcnmtchnlavmtchnlamthi:giiphngminNambngvlc.
ChonnscmnhthnhtcakhochdongNhuthitkchlmtotng.Hncmtotng,nlmtstrtrvthcchnhtr,mts
bnhhonvkhnngnhnnhcangNhu,mtngicccphntCngGioCnLaomuimtxngtnglTrngLngcathii!
VscmnhniticaminNamthngNhutrngcyvolclngCnLaoCngGioangiungccbphnkhccadntc.ngNhu
tngngvinCnLaotrungkinvingvltngvngo,mkhngngrngstrungkinchcthnhhnhvcquyncliv
vnhngthonboqunbotr.ngNhutngngvinCnLaonmccctchcnhndnnhThanhNinvThanhNCngHa,nh
LinonCngChcvHiPhNLini,nhqunivPhongTroCchMngQucGia.ngNhukhngbitrngchngnhngngvin
CnLaokhngnmccctchcvtcchthintvlihnhxhungthncachng,mdcnmcthtthncctchc
cngkhngcchcnngcamtlclngutranh.CctchccangNhuvvchctnhcchtrangtrchochmtcchphphm:cng
chcththng,qunithymuthunvcmphn.lchaninccbphnkhccadntcnhngphi,tngio(ngoitrCng
388/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chcththng,qunithymuthunvcmphn.lchaninccbphnkhccadntcnhngphi,tngio(ngoitrCng
gio),trthcusnsngltngNhungaylcchngniinkhingNhuthahipviCngSn.
CminNam,ngNhuchcnngCnLaoCngGio,nhngtchcmtv,Lclngcbitcvtrang,mtvinvqunithunCng
gioqukhchvmtvihognthnhlsnsngxthnkhngiukinchongNhu.NhngngNhunhnscmnhcanhnlc
minNamquacislngtiri,trongthpngvvibnhchquan,phngirathnhnhnlccnc.
CngvscmnhniticaminNam,ngNhunhginhmnhngthnhqucaqucschpChinLc,caKhuDinhin,mkhng
bitrngnhngthnhquchhihtbngoicnbntrongbrungntvhthngthamnhng,vnhngbtcngthint.Nhngksch
nhmvnngthnbVitCngvhiuha,vnngthnbVitCngkimsottlu.
ScmnhniticaminNam,thts,nmtrongquyttmutranhcanhndnminNam.utranhchngCngSnbovminNamt
do,utranhchngthinnhinxydngtnc,utranhchngmithchthcxydngmtchdnchvhuhiu.Nhngch
NgnhDimkhngtranhthcquyttmcanhndnlibinciquyttmthnhraquyttmchngch.Mtqucgiammun
thayiTngthng,cplnhophidngnthon"ochnhgi"thcsphplcngitrgna,hinphpcngitrgna,lngdn
cngitrgna!
ChonnscmnhthnhcakhochdongNhuthitk,ngllquyttmcatondnththcslichlmtlclngmtvvtrangv
mtthiusbphnthintvqukhch.LyscmnhratrgivbomchovicHNiphithihnhnghimchnhmtthahipcha
thnhhnhthquthtngNhunncliu,nhvnbihidnmkhngcnbitnnhnghuqugsxynchonhndnminNam
VitNam.
VsuylunrngMchngCngnnskhngbriminNam,tathyiukhngphilngNhuhontonsailm.Thtvy,choncui
thng8nm1963(nghalchonngyngNhuhungbotncngccchachinvbtgiamcctngsPhtgio)dlinhVitMtrnn
rtcngthngvnhnghnhngvnhnglituynbcangNhu,dtnhboMkhmphrammucangNhumunthahipviCng
Sn,chnhquynKennedyvnchacnhnghmtcucthayicplnhotiminNamVitNam.
NhngimsailmcnbnnhtcangNhulkhngnhnnhcsvnhnhcamtcngquc.Mtcngqucthphitchnhsch
ngoigiaotrongmtquanimtoncuvdihn.NgnchnCngSn(containment)ltritlngoigiaochomischlccaHoaKlcby
gi,vgipVitNamtrthnhmttinnchngCnghayymtrngDim(nm1953)vncchngCngchlnhngthhinctnhcch
chnhschcatritlngoigiaomthi.ChonndchDimNhuccti,thamnhng,thtrongqukhMvnnghvscnngh
michonkhiDimNhukhngchngCngnahoclmlichoCngthMmicanthip,vlmlichoCnglingclivicitritlngoi
giaocho.
Scanthipcthlchmdttcchngminh,cthlvnngthaythbngcplnhomi.ngNhukhngthyrngMgipmin
NamchngCngchkhngphichgipringmtgianhhNgchngCng,chonncinhninhlcthlm"chantage"Mc.ngNhuc
tngrngiviMthtrong15triudnminNamchcgianhhNglcquyttmvckhnngchngCngmthinnmunyusch
gcngc.VMkhnggiiktkhiminNamtrongnm1963,nhngbrigianhhNg.
ngNhunhnnhngmtna,lMkhngbriminNam,nhngnacnlithngsaimtcchththmvMsnsngbgianhh
Ngymtrchomtthnhphnlnhomi.Ngoira,ngNhucngkhngthyrngdHNicthttmmunthahipuiMchng
nathhaiqucCngSnNgaTuvnmuncmchnMtrongmtchintrngdaidngkhngnhngbtiuhaouytnchnhtrvkh
nnglnhoKhiTDocaM,mcnlmsuynhcHNi,mtchhutrongquocah.
389/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nnglnhoKhiTDocaM,mcnlmsuynhcHNi,mtchhutrongquocah.
Vli,dngNhucthtschngMinathivicplnhoHNi,tcchtaysaivhnhngtaysaicachNgnhDiml
mttcchkhngthayicna.Ch"MDim,MtTrn"DnTc"haitngnilnrrngvdtkhotsnhgicaCngSn
VitNamivichNgnhDim.ThmngNhuvnmtnghohuyn!
VsbomquctcaPhpvVatican,talicngthyrrnghntnhchquanvthincntrongcontnhchnhtrcangNhu.nhrng
mibanggiaoquctuttrncnbnlngli,nhngkhinhPhpdnhdvokhochcamnh,ngNhuqunrngchnhschcaPhp
lytonbVitNam(cBclnNam)lmitng,cnngNhuthchlyminNamlmitngmthi.iucnghalPhpcngmunc
nhnglinhttviminBcnucnthhysinhmtscamktviminNam.Trongmmuthahipny,PhpcnHNihncnSiGn,
vPhpcnHNihnHNicnPhp.
Thtvy,saunm1954,timinNam,Phpvnduytrccccskinht,vnhavxhi,trongkhiminBchqucacucchintranh
PhpVitvnchachophpPhptcmtbphnngoigiao(chngninvnhavkinht)vngvngno.vy,phnngli
nhhngvuythcaMtiminNam,tacnthyPhpgintipymtrchominBc:cccsvnha,kinht,ccnin,ccdchv
thngmiuclinhnhthngtnhbocaPhpnhmymtrcthchoVitCng.Ngoira,khngnhngDeGaulleymtrcho
chnhschchngphVitNamCngHacaSihanoukmngaytithParis,ngtadnhmiddngchoidinHNi,choidinMt
TrnDnTcGiiPhngMinNamtdohotngbinhchnhnghacaminNamtrccnglunquct.
ChnhschcaPhpvngDngcTngthngDeGaullecngkhaituynbvonm1962tiPhnomPenh,lyHipnhGenve1954
lmcnbn.HipnhphnnhylptrngcachnhquynPhp:ynhhngMrakhiVitNam,thngnhthaiminbngtng
tuync,trunglphatonbnongDng.AicngthylptrnggintipmngchocplnhoHNitrthnhcplnhoca
tonncVitNam.Vaicngthynhmtqucgiaclptrngnhthngvaitrunggianchomtmmuthohipthchngkhcgmca
chocpvonh.Tacnnhnm1975,isPhpMerillonngngvaitrcaisLalouettecanm1963,cngnhnlmtrunggiancho
haipheinghchnhchnhschcaPhphn10nmtrc,cuicngmtslclngcaVitNamCngHavPhpubCngSnVit
Namnhlavophtcht.
ChnhschcaPhplnhth,caCngSnlnhth,chonnthahipviCngSnlphnngri,licnnhPhplmtrunggian
nathnglngNhuvaphnngvaxunng!
NhngringhnhngnhTathnhVaticandnhdvommuthahipviCngSnthngNhutracthcchnhtr.Trchtvmt
tmvc,lclngCngSnvGiohiCnggiouctnhquct,ngingvinCngSnvngitnCnggioulnhngngit
vnqucttrnvnqucgia,mtbnhngvinCmLinh,mtbnhngvTaThnhLaM.ThhailToThnhLaMkhng
nhngcgioquynmthquynnhiukhicnmnhhnvinhngnhhngchnhtrvkinhttoncu.Thbalnhnliqutrnhlchs
ngoigiaocaTathnh,tathykhngphilmtmrtnhiuln,TaThnhsnsngthohipvimilclng,kcnhnglclng
phnngvphinhnnht,minlbotoncquynlicaGiohihoccaconchin.Khngcnphitrliqukhxaxm,tnhTh
chinnnay,btubngGioHongPieXIIthahipviPhtxtcHitlervPhtxtMussolini(mqucgiaDoThihinnayanglnlt
phanhphuimibn),chongnyGioHongJohnPaulIIthahipvichnhquynCngSnBaLancatngJaruzleskilmtlit"Cng
ononKt"calnhtWalesa,tacngthyToThnhLaMquthtcchnhschvckhnnglmtrunggianmithahip.Trongv
BaLan,"chuynvingthmBaLancaGioHongvsrtluikhhiucavlnhtCngononKtLechWalesalmminhngdin
binquantrngLituynbrngGioHivchnhquynangsasonmtnnmnggipchonnnngnghipBaLanlvnmucht.
ThtlllngkhtinkhibitrngGiohiCnggioLaMvcplnhoCngSntivlihptcvinhautronglnhvcsngchtnhtca
390/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nnkinhtBaLan 46.HungchivolcmngNhumunthahipviHNithGioHongPaulVIlilGiohongthnCngSn,chcchn
ngsngvpheCngSnchkhngphingvpheminNamchngCng.
Nhmtthlcccbayut:Quct,Chnhtrvctruynthngthahip,livnlthlctngmuchoch,ngNhutnhrt
ng.TicrngmmucangkhngthnhhnhxemktqulichoGiohiCnggiohaylichodntcVitNam?HaylichoCngSn!
3.NhnghqucakhochthahipviCngSncangNhu.
Hquutinltronghnmtnmtri(kt1963mthi)cplnhominNamkhngchngCng,12thngtricholclngVit
Cngcddngphttrin.Vcngtrong12thng,dnhincplnhominNam,nhmthlunttyu,phitiuditchvkhnng
chngCngcanhnglclngqucgiachnglimmuny.MihaithngcthlngntrongcucchinQucCng30nm,nhng12thng
canm1963licgitrsinhtvchngnmtrongcntrmnhnhiushnhtcaminNam.
HquthhaillimtmnhsuscvtiucctrongmibanggiaoVitMchonhngchnhphktip.ivingiM,ngointng
khngttvgiilnhoVitNamxuynquachNgnhDimlchmhtnhiukvngnht,ttrihphilunlunxtli
chnhschngminh,nnisxtlinhiulcgyranhngphnngqu,lmviphmnchquyncaminNam.iviccchnhph
VitNamktipmaslchnhphqunnhnticthahipviCngSncachDimNhulmchohmangmccmvtrthnh
m qung trong sch lc u tranh chng Cng. Chng Cng ng l phi l mt mt xch trong ton b chnh lc pht trin quc gia th li tr
thnhcucnhcuicng.
HquchnhtrthbalCngSnHNiquakhochnydcuicngkhngthchincnhgicngnhnnhngnhc
imcaminNam.Tgiaitnglnhontngquanlnhtqunchng,tvaitrcangiMnbnchtcalinhVitM,tccmu
thungiaccthnhphnnhndnnccmuthuncacclclngchnhtrtiminNamSnhgithmngnphnnogip
hkhaithccnhngshcacclclngtrongcngnhngoichnhquynvgiphhochnhcckhochnhchimminNamthm
hiudngsauny.
Hqucuicng,cnkodinngynay,lvmqungvcchpbnhvcchochNgnhDim,mtsphntCnLaoCngGio
bnhvcluncciticnhdngminNamchoCngSncangNgnhNhu.Hoclhngtrnmtquanimnhnbnvqucgiart
ququtvmmbinminhmtcchrtlthuytchohnhngcangNhu,dogyhoangmangchonhngnlcltCngSn
hoclhbpmolchschorngcnhiunhnvtngphihptcvingNhutrongkhochnyhagiiticcangNhu,dogy
nghingvchiargiacclclngchngCngangcnmtsonkttihingoi.Chaithon,thtra,uphtxutt"chyti
choch",nghalchoquynliphenhmcaCnLaoCngGio,mkhngcnbitnhuquchodntclg.
o0o
Ngoihaithonlliutrn,cnmtthinamthmhnvtphquthncanhngcngsvinthntnccangDim.Hcng
tngchngich,tnglnnnhngticcaccngThc,Nhu,CnvnhmCnLaoCngGiomhcholphhoich.Nhng
im khc bit l h khng bo cha cho ch nhng li chng ngy Cch mng 11163, v tch ri trch nhim ng Dim ra khi trch nhim
chungcaccanhemngtabinminhchonhnglilmvnhtlchosthamdcangtrongmmuthahipviCngSncangNhu.
HcngkhngnothamgianhnghotngqukhchcanhmCnLaoCngGionhmphchi"TinhthnNgnhDim"hocnhmnh
bngchochcmhuchnhtrlngytranglchschytividntc.Hchmthmticnuivmtdvngxaxa.Tiubiuchomt
391/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
bngchochcmhuchnhtrlngytranglchschytividntc.Hchmthmticnuivmtdvngxaxa.Tiubiuchomt
sngitilngVNhNguyn(hinM),mtchinhukcucangDimvlmtngchcatitrongPhongtrocangDimvo
nhngnmucathpnin40.TrongmtlthgichomtngibntiHoaKlngHongngTiu,ngNguynvit:
"Vokhongthng9haythng10nm1963,ngC(tcngDim)vHuchogitilc4gichiu.Haicchungitmsvinhaun10
gim.Ckhngncmtimcdlc7,8gigngCnthcgicn3,4lnmianhxicm.HmytyvinlChuVnLc(hinM)
ngheccuchuyngiahaicchuti,lctintiracaLcniviti""LnthnhtLcmingheccuchuyngitrnhth".Hm
Cklichuynxa,nhclimytptitrnhCcpnchuyn"Conngthot"cati,caCnggio,Phtgio,chuyntronggianh,
chuynngiMTmttcni:"ChCnvthmNhucnhiulmli,ccvLinhmcvcChanacnglml,nhngNguynlNhohc,
Nguyncbitcu"Giananthinhd"?Chuynnhlvy,khgiiquytmau,lnlnsacha,nugpnumauslmvoth"Boatr
nhc"caNguynNhc,L,Hu.TibitcvcngvbnlmvicchungquanhcigcngchynthatrnhvichCn,thmNhu,cCha.Ti
tnglarnghchcmtTngthngthinhNguynbit.Clinirng:"HinangbkhdvingiMvMmunemqunsang.Nu
qunMsangthmnhmtchnhngha,tongtuyntruynthunlichoCngSn.Macvnlquri.Tiskhngchpnhn,qunta
clnhnhCngSn.Mchgipkhgii,phngtinlthng.Nga,TungipCngSnmncaqunu?Mcngmungiaocho
hhicng,phicng,tictrligiaohaykhnggiaocngnhnhau,trongvnchngCngthdngchung.Hkhngbnglngchcsxyra
nhiuchuynkhnghay,nhngdsaomnhcnggiththngcamtqucgiadmnhbltngcthc.Vli,tivchNhucdhaimin
QucCngtranhchpnhngulmumruttht,phicbinphpanhemgiiquytlychintranh,tnhaosinhmng,tisn,ribnno
kodichungquysblthucvomtcngqucvtncchiarvcccngquccnhchiarc".(Xembnsaobcthvittayca
ngVNhNguyntrongphnPhLc).
ngVNhNguynlaimcngDimkhiraHuginphntrntmsvninnhngbnqucgia,nhngquytnhquantrnglin
hnnhngvntnvongcatnc?
ngVNhNguynvnlmtphnstaKhmsHuthiPhpthuc.Cngnhti,thiqunNhtchimngngDng,ngNguynhot
ngchoPhongTroCngdislnhocangDim.ngtngbPhpbtygiamDakto(Kontum)chonkhiNhtochnh
PhpmitrvHuhotngchngVitMinh.KhiPhptrliHuvHingChpchnhcangTrnVnLrai,ngNguyngichcv
PhgimcThngtinTrungphnvlmchnhimtunbo"LngDn",mttboclptrngchngCng,nghgiiphpBoi,dtrong
thmtmngNguynvngicmtnhvingDimvthngnnhhaingNgnhCnvTrnVnL.
Cui nm 1953, khi ng Dim cn u Chu ngha l cn di ch Bo i, ng Nguyn c c gi chc v Gim c Cng anTrung Vit.
NhngtronggiaionngDimgpkhkhnvschngicatngHinhvitTrngVnXng,TlnhQunkhuII(minTrung)thng
CngiaochcGimcCnganlichongNguynCh,mtngvincaocpcaVitQuc,vlmtchinscchmngcngrn.Nm1955,
ngNguyncanhemngDimcgichcTnhtrngBnhnh,tuynhinchmisuthngthngNguynmtchcvngCnchong
Nguynlngicngukhsaikhin,vlichnhngCntlucngmunthaythNguynbngmtTnhtrngCnggio.ngNguynv
HunhngngNgnhCnkhngchutip,NguynbncxcanhngCnmvo,lntingchtrch"bnCnLao","bnTponCng
dn"dngNguyncngtnglmtloiCnLao(nhtlngNguyntnghnhnhcnhNgnhnglmvai"trngnam"trongm
tangngNgnhKhi).RingNguynemcnhlnchaquyymtheolingl"choCnbitmt".KhivinihcHucthnhlp,
LinhmcCaoVnLunvnlbnthncangNguyn,bnmingdymnHnvn.NgyxyrabincPhtgio,ngNguyncngvicc
giosihcHuktuynngnlnnchnhphDim"kthvnpPhtgio".ngNguynbngCnbtgiam.CngbgiamvingNguyn
lemti,Ha,chnhvnphngcabcsGimcNhaYTTrungVit.SaukhichDimblt,ThtngNguynKhnhthuhimt
nghnhccachnhphDimnhmdnhmtscquynclichonhngcnbccangDim,(ngNguynginlmvcphnnnvi
ti)ngNguynbntgivinihcvnhibun,sngngoivngcngta,giamtthithithayxotrn.
392/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NhngcucicangNguynvnchahtgiannanvvokhongnm196566,tngNguynChnhThianglTlnhQunonIHuli
cnhnglilchtrchngVNhNguynl"CnLao"lmchongthmbtmnvichmi,vitnglnh.Ngy23thng4nm1975,ng
NguynlnphicriVitNamnPhpsngcuciluvong,cqunh.
ngVNhNguynvianhvtilngNguynBMuvnlbnngnghipcnglmvictiTaKhmsHu,chaiulchinhuca
ngDim,ultrngnamcanhngnhkhoagiptngcthnhtchchngthcdnPhp.ngNguynvitivalngchvalbnthn
hnhaiminmtri,dnglmtnhNho,mtthischuynvthng,tronglctichlmtkvbinmihchtTamTKinh,chac
xongschLunNg.
TuyngNguynlmtnhnvtkhngnitinglm,nhngHugiitrthc,giicngchc,nhtlgiiCnggiokhngmyaikhngbit.Trng
hpngNguynlmttrnghpinhnhcangimangmttmtrngaukhvmuthun:TuychngCngnhngliphicangimmu
thahipviCngSncaDimNhu,tuylcnbrngctcanhNgnhnglibtmnvinhmCnLaovTponCngdn,tuycng
nhnrngchDimphmnhngtictytrivnhnglilmlmnguyhiqucgianhnglivnthngticngDimvnhngvngson
cach.
Tngyluvongxngi,lng"hoiNg"cangNguynlicngdtdohn.Vth,khiklibuihikingiangtavingDimxyravo
nhngngycuicach,ngNguynmunbinminhrngsdngDimkhngchuHoaKemqunvominNamlvlptrng"bt
tayviCngSn"hplcangDim.Vnhmthlunngnhin,ngNguyntrchtilngithiuthychungvingDimvthamgia
cuccchmngngy11163.
Tuynhin,nuaicngthngcmtrnghpcangNguynvtnhcmrtringtmticthngmtvthy,mtlnhtlinhvtc
ngmnhmvohn20nmtricacucing,vnuaicngngvilihnhxhptnhhplcangbngcchkhnghatheonhm
CnLaoCngGionotihingoi,thngcli,tronglth(dchlmtlthtmscnhn),ngchothymtcinhnlchsthiu
nghincu,dothiuvt,vmtlptrngcnphiphphnllptrngcnthitthahipviCngSn.Tuynhin,cinhnlchsthiuv
tvlptrngllngchlnhngphnngqucamtngidngcinhntnhcmcnhnxtmtvnlnhnlvnlch
svdntcmthi.Viu,ringiviti,thcngdhiuchotrnghpcangNguyn.
iungluquanhnglitmscangDimvingichinhuthntn,lbnchtphongkinvctncangDimquaquannimnng
tnhgianhmnhnghaviqucgia.Chn,minmtrianhemngDimcaitrtncphmkhngbitbaonhiutilitoln,nhngtili
atncntnhtrngsuyspthmdclcbit,ngvnkhngchucnngnanhemchvs"giananthinhd"vs"boatrnhc".
Thrachvngsrngnusasai,ngncnth4,5anhemngskhchbcchngilnnhaulmthinhdngh,mkhngnghgnvn
mnhcatncvcamilmtriungbo.ngDimbitninhaicu"Giananthinhd"v"Boatrnhc"cattngKhng
Mnhmngkhngnhcncu"tuthn,tgia,trquc,bnhthinh"vnltiuchun,khunvngthcngccaThnhHinchonhngai
munlmnhlnhoqucgia.ngDimnirngngkhngchpnhnvicMplcemqunvominNammchnhnglikhngnhngyu
cuMmcnciLoanemqunnminNam.
ngcngchoMem16ngnbinhscahvohotngtrnlnhthVitNam,vmcdngy22thng5nm1963TngthngKennedy
tuynbsnsngrtqunvMngaynucsyucucaVitNamCngHanhngngDimlikhngyucu,nhnitrongmton
trc.ThhiVitNamccnchquynkhngkhingDimchoMtBTlnhHnhquntithSiGndomtvtngbnsao
(PaulHarkins)chhuynhdithichintranhPhpVit(19451954)viccvTlnhPhpCarpentier,DeLattre,Navarre.ThhiVitNamCng
HaccnchquynnakhngkhingiMmunravoVitNamkhinocngcmkhngchuskimsotcalutlxutnhpcnhvdi
trcaVitNamCngHa.
393/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trcaVitNamCngHa.
NhmCnLaoCngGiolicnbytchuynngDimkhngchu"chothunhng"(cessionandbail)cncCamRanhtheosihicaM.
ThhitisaongiMlicnngDimnhngchohhicngCamRanhkhimhlngminh(thichin)munsdngphicnghayhi
cngnocngctheostintrincachintranhvsthathungiahaingminhnhhsdngccphicngTnSnNht,BinHa
vNng(phicngNnghontondongiMphtrchtithitvingnqu400triungpngvinhucuvtrnglngcaphi
chngnngMnhcnhcquatrongchng"ThamNhng").HicngCamRanhnhcMsdngdithiNguynVnThium
hcichnhphThiunhngchohu.VmcdMsdngnhnghicngCamRanhvnthucchquynVitNamCngHa,vnphi
chulutlhnhchnhvanninhcaVitNamCngHanhngkhotipliucaquniVitNamCngHavncthitlptrnhicngCam
RanhgncccscaquniM.TrnghpnycngxyratiPhp,tiAnh,tiiHnv.vthichintranh.NgoiranuMcing
DimchothuvnhngCamRanhmngDimkhngchuthtisaobitbaonhiuschscaMphanhphuinhngbmtvchDim,
v chin tranh Vit Nam m khng c mt ti liu no cp n chuyn "thu nhng" Cam Ranh. Ti sao trong chng trnh truyn hnh "A
TelevisionHistory"cakgiKarnowtrniPBS,nhngnhnvthtlngnghngDimnhisNoltingchnghnlikhngemvnthu
nhngCamRanhrabnhvcngDim.NhmCngGioCnLaomuncaongDimlnhnvtchngM,lnhnvtquytbovch
quynVitNammhlilinhngskinlchsnhvacptrny.Hctngthinhkhngcngiamhiutnhhnh,khngcngi
nghinculchs.HungchidngiMcmunVitNamCngHachothuvnhngcncCamRanhthvicvnclichoVitNam
CngHacmtqucphng,mtchngCng,lnmttichnhmCamRanhvncthucchquynVitNam,VitNammunthuhililcno
cngcnhThiLanlylicncqunsvcngquantrnglUtapaohocnhPhiLutTn(lyliSubicBayvClarkAirBasenm
1992)vHyLpthnhthong"da"thuhinhngcncqunsmhnhngvchothu.NuquthtkhngchuchoM"thuvnhng"
cncCamRanhtronghoncnhminNamangbxmlng,angcchintranhvangthngtrcbBcVit(csymtrtiacaNga
Tu)edaththicangDimkhnhaydi,cyunc,cchngCngkhng?HaylvanhemngmmuthahipviCngSnH
NinnmichtrngkhngchoMsdngCamRanh?Phichngnhngnhlnhoc,Anh,B,Php,iLi,BoNha,YPhaNho,Hy
Lp,iHn,PhiLutTnnhngqucgiachoMthunhngrtnhiucncqunstsaunhthchinnnay(nghaltrongthi
bnh)ukhngyuncbnganhemngDim,ukhngbittrchnhimiviqucdnbnganhemngDim?Ctnhxuyntclchshay
vthincnvmangnngucphengcaoanhemngDim,thmnhmCnLaoCngGiolilichuynngNgnhThcsaukhi
bTothnhLaMtrngphtlnthhaivtilnghnhvphnphcliphinHoaKnngnhngiMriginmxngtnniquhng
ngiMmanhemngDimtngchibivphnbikhichtrnguiMbttayviCngSnHNi?XinhinhNhovnhchng
Cng(nchiu)VNhNguynnghsao?
ngDimlibo"tinhngkchungquanhcigcngthatrnhvichNhu,chCn"mchnhnglilngitngphcanhemngtrchn
aiht.nglimnchuynbthagiaanhemNhc,L,Hucheytnhnhunhcvstngphccangivianhemng.ng
khngcsbngcpmtcamtnhchnhtrnghincukcngvbngtmlngrngribaoqutcangilmlchsmlictheonhn
quancamtcuthnnhNguynGiaLongvmtvvuacathiTrungC.
Thtvy,thinhNguynTySn,NguynHubalnchngingianhrutlNguynNhc,clnemqunvynhthnhQuiNhn
ngtnghonniNguynNhcphilnthnhkukhc:"Nlngnomnidaxothtnhth"(boatrnhc).NguynHunglngbnrt
qunvThunHa.NhngnuucngDimchcnsngsutvvthnmtchtthsthyhnhngchngianhcaNguynHulmt
hnhngcchmngnhmgiodcngch,hnhngcamtnhnvtphithngmunlminghipcunccudn,hontonkhchn
vihnhngcaanhemnhNgchnginhauchvtranhginhcquyncli.NguynHuemqunnhanhchocthinhbitlvdn
vnc,cnngDimkhngdmtrchchayngnchnanhemlmbylvsthinhdngh.Haihnhng,haithi,haitmcht,haing
c,mttrimtvcnhthlmsaomdavoconPhngHongngyxabinhchoconchimsngynayc.
NguynHulmtnhnvtticaochln,mcovi,phtco,phtngcuccchmngTySnvnucaokhuhiu"ThinHiTn"
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NguynHulmtnhnvtticaochln,mcovi,phtco,phtngcuccchmngTySnvnucaokhuhiu"ThinHiTn"
nhBcdpNam,thugiangsnvmtmi.NguynHubitlnhucng,bitngtinthoi,bitnhnthutmcantrtucanhngnhnvt
trongmtthiilonlyrirm.NguynHubitbriNguynHuChnh,kchytheomnh,dngitxnglnhntismtcatBc,
nhnglicngbitciucungknhnghelichgiocamtngginmnhnithndlNguynThip,phuttLaSn.NguynHubit
chtuchurlVVnNhmtrhuha,tronglclibittrngdngnhngcuthnnhLthuphclngngi.NguynHubitr
anhrutmnhchlkcmlccangivdngmkhngctichcaconibngnnkhngthmngis.ChonnNguynHu
phigiodcanhbngbihcvdngkhicntrsnghipcuncvicacuccchmngTySn.RrngNguynHuvn
ncmquntnhnh,khchnvingDimtrlhphi,chvs"boatrnhc",vs"giananthinhd"mchoqucgiaphisuysp.
Chngquavvnnctrunchuynnnnhlnhotibammnhyu,vuaQuangTrungchtsm,lmchosnghipanhhngphiddangv
dntcmtmtchivnmnhvtquanhngtrtrcahaitrmnmTrnhNguynlonly.
PhbnhvbaanhemNhc,L,Hu,sgiaTrnTrngKimvit:
Nguynnctalncqunch,lycinghavuatiltrnghnc,thmtLTrungHngtrvsau,hNguynhngcphngNam,h
TrnhxngChaphngBc,trntuycntnvuanhngquynvcnhcha.Trongnctacvualiccha,lmthnhravuakhngphivua
vtikhngphilti,ylthiilon.nsau,NamthcTrngPhcLoanchuynquynlmby,ngoiBcthckiubinhlmlon,git
hiithn
LcyanhemNguynNhclngimcovi,dybinhpTySnchngnhauvivuaNguynlpnghiptQuiNhn.Tuyrngivi
hNguynlcuchnhngmivincNamthlmtngianhhnglpthnlcbinlonmthi.
CnnhNguynHulmVuaThiTnhTySnthtrcgipanhbnlnvonhtGianhuctonthng,phhaivnqunhmbeo
caXimLa,sauliraBcdthTrnh,tnvuaL,emlimicangthng.ylcscmnhlibitlmvicnghavy.
SauvuaChiuThngikucubnTu,nhThanhnhndpymntingcunhLlyncNam,saibinhtngsanggithnhThng
Long.
Vyncmtthlylinc,NguynHuemqunranhmttrn,phtanhaimivnqunTu,tngnhThanhlTnSNghphib
chy,lmchovuatiTukhips,tngtxannaynctachacvcngnolmlitnhth.
VylycnglmsuythvuaQuangTrungNguynHulmtngvuangnganghngvivuainhTinHong,vuaLThiTvnhTySnl
mtnhchnhthngnhnhinh,nhLvy.47
Sosnhphongcchvhnhx,tathyrstringcgiahainhnvtlchs:mtNguynHuQuangTrunganhhngkhiphichnla,coi
nhtnhrutthtmtnngnquhng,vmtTngthngNgnhDimnhunhc,nhnglchimhoicnchnlathliqunstnvong
catncmchlobobclygianh.
KhngnoitheotmgngrcrnhnhsngmttricavuaQuangTrung,ngDimcngbriquannim"HiuTrung"cacTrnHngo.
LChiuHongvvuaTrnThiTngkhngcon,TrnThbnbtvcaAnSinhVngTrnLiu(vncmangmythng)gnchoTrn
ThiTng.HnhngolnnhnluntobocaTrnThlmchohaianhemvuaTrnbthalnxn,TrnLiummihnthmtvmt
connchtvnkhngngui.LcsplmchungngtritrnviconlTrnQucTun:"Maisaunuconkhngvtamlythinhthnmdi
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
connchtvnkhngngui.LcsplmchungngtritrnviconlTrnQucTun:"Maisaunuconkhngvtamlythinhthnmdi
ttacngkhngnhmmtc".
cTrnHngovnkhngqunlidichccachanhngNgikhngcholphi.Nm1257lcqucgialmnguy,Ngibnhithccconv
bngiatngvlitritrnc.CcconNgivYtKiu,DTngukhuynNgikhngnntrth,khngnnlmvichonnghch.NhNgi
bittchTrungtrnchHiumqucdnonkt,vuatitngsmtlngnhuicqunNguynrakhibci,timvngsoncho
lchsncNamta.
CnngDimthtrnhtphilanhemruttht,danhemtrnytili,cnqucgiadntcchlthyu.ChticchonhnhoVNhNguyn
gpcchingDimtbytmsthmkhngnoigngnhngkvbinDTngYtKiukhuynngDimkhngnnngheliNgnh
NhubttayviCngSnlmiuphnnghchiviqundnminNam,licnvitthchoti,chobnbbnhvctiphnphccaanhem
nhNg.
NhnglitmscangDimvingVNhNguyncnchothybnchtladibttncangDim.Thtvy,sutthigianlnhoqucgia,
ngthngnucaokhuhiu"thnhtn"trongccbidinvn,trongcclituynb.Hcdplngtrnhtrngnhcnhaich"thnhtn"dy
ddnvkhuynbokthahnh.iu"thnhtn"utinvsngchtnhtmngihininhndnltuytitrungthnhvtxctnvo
ltng"ditCngcunc".Nhngkhuhiu"BiPhong,PhnThc,DitCng"cachctreokhpthnxmththnh,dnkhphang
cngnghp,vrarngymtrncciphtthanh.Anhemngvchngtiudithtmingphi,nphtmitngiolnnh
nhndanh"chngCng"mcquynchngCng.Thmchbtkaiilpving,dnhnvtlnhcchmngyuncvchngCng
cng b anh em ng v ch ng nhn danh chng Cng m khng b, giam cm hay th tiu.Th ri sau mi nm da vo M v lp trng
chngCngcanhndnmclmTngthngvvinhthnphgia,anhemngliitrngthayen,tlptrngquytlitchngCngSn
nhkthkhngitrichung,nnm1963lixoaythnhlptrngthnCng,bttayviHChMinh,gingiCngSnl"anhemmum
ruttht",caoCngSnl"nhngngiinBinPh"vchpnhntritlxhicaMarxHegel.
ThibttrungvincvbttnvidncaanhemngDimnhth,chtrchngTrnVnL,mtnhnsCnggiominTrungvnbitr
xutx,tntc,snghipvcucicanhNg,lnnnhNglnhngkmangmich"bt:"Bthiu,bttrung,btnhn,btngha,bt
ti,bttr,btcng,btminh,bttn,vbtha"48.
Hnaiht,ngTrnVnLctcchlnnanhemhNgmangmich"Bt".ngDimvingLtnglibnchthntngymi
voquantrng,lilngovnghng(BnhTrThin),cnglmncaThngThNguynHuBi.ngDimvngLcngtrong
PhongtroCngnm1945,ngDimcngsngvingLtiLtmtthngsaukhibNhtBnbri.Nm19471948,cngquaHng
Kngxydng"GiiPhpBoi",cngchtrngthch"Qunchlphin".ThilmThhin,ngLtnggipbctinchoanhemng
Dimhotngchnhtr,ngyngDimmicmquyn,ngLbngNgnhCnchobhnmlunvonhkhingcngnnhgaHu,
nnm1960banhemngDimbtgiamvtrongnhm"Caravelle".
NgitacthchngLlboth,lthiukhnnglmmtvnguynthqucgia,nhngnhngaitngbitngLuphicangingl
mtnhnvtlimchnh,cngtrcvylngyunc.ChnhphTrnTrngKimtrngvngngnhtrngvngccCNguynTrcThanh
Ha,CngVnHngNghAn,ngLVnSm(Caoi)nnmiminggichcTngcbntnhminccNamTrungVitnhmtth
tiuKhmsaitronglciasquanlibthithi.NgyCchmng11163thnhcng,ngctnglnhmivoHingNhnSnhngng
tchivngihithnhlp"HingQunDnCchMng"thaycho"HingQunNhnCchMng".NgytngKhnhlmThtngmi
nggichcistiRome,ngcngtchidngrtngho,sngtrongmtcnnhthugindTnnh.NgynglmThHin,ngtrng
tremrutvtidcngvit,lyxechnhphvsdngringtrongngychnht.DlngiCnggio,ngvnkhngbnhvccclinhmc,
396/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tremrutvtidcngvit,lyxechnhphvsdngringtrongngychnht.DlngiCnggio,ngvnkhngbnhvccclinhmc,
nggicclinhmcthnghayncngsquyrylcc"ngquan".
NgiminBc,minNamtbitvngTrnVnL,nhngngiminTrungvccnhnstingtmnhcTrnnhNam,TrnVnHng,
NguynXunCh,PhanBCm,HThcK,LSNgc,Trnin,TrnTrngSanhv.vubitrphongvkhtitcangTrnVnL,v
tichcchnrngquvyucngnhnliphphnhNgcangLlliphphnvt,ngcghivoschschohuthnoigng.
AnhemngDimkhngchmangmichBtnhngnuchukhnghincuvdngh,xutx,cngdanh,snghip,vtnhtnhvcchhnh
xcahthsthyhcbayutnhrtcth:
Hlnhngktibtcpch,lcbttngtm,thiuthcchnhtrvthiukhnnglnhomlunlunmangthamvngvhnhxctn,
cquyndhclmnn"VngB"cngchlnhthlccangoinhn.TtngchnhtrcahkhngvtqutniuThinChagio,
hnhngchnhtrcahtrcsauchlboquynbolc.
Hlhngngilunluncaongochquan,ucmangnnglthuytmh,dohnhxlunlunkhngtheothctvkhnghplngdn
chonnhphichuthtbi.ThtbiviPhmQunh,thtbiviPhp,thtbiviNhtBn,viHoaK,viquniVitNamCngHa,viPht
gio,viCngSn
Hlunlunlknchobt,vongnphnbivibnghungchnnhn,virtnhiungi,nhiutchc,nhiuthlcgiphtrong
nhnggiphtgiannguycngnhgiphngilnquynhnh,avcaoc.
TimunnhnhingVNhNguyn(vcngTrnVnHng,TrnVnDnh)vcichtcaiX,iLc,QunQu,QunCang,caTn
ThtttrongtalnhsNht,caNguynVnCn,ButrongsHinbinhNht,caanhBotiBaTkhitheongDimtSiGnrabbt
tiQungNgivcichtcabaonhiunginarirckhpTrungk,nhtlanhemqunnhn,ttcnhngngitnglchinhucang
Dimvcachngta.Hchttosnghip,uytnchongDimtrongbcugiannguyphtKNgoiHuCng,thmsaukhianh
emngDimngitrnngicaotuytnh,bcvngnhninhnon,ckhinohoihoinhthngnvonghncanhngngi,ngayc
mtlihihananinhngvgaconcicahcngkhngc.
CcngbnhvcnhNg,timunhiccngnhNgcockhng,cnhnnghakhng,cthychungkhng,haychlkquasngcht
cu?
TikhngphilnhNhonhngDim,ngNguyn,ngL,nhngnhsdydcachangvnhtrinhiucayngtrongtrnginnti
cngbitcnghachnhtrvvnhacalidyThnhHin:"Dnviqu,xtcthchi,qunvikhinh".Nm1942,cngvtinvothi"cio
tquan",tinvoltng"vdn"cangDimnntitheonghnhaiminmtri,htlngtrungthnhvhotngving,vquang
tingltngyuncyudncamnhcthnhtu.Trongsutchn,minmcmquyn,chcangkhinhthngnhndn,khngb
ngbo,npvtiudittngiovngphi,giamcmsthingiqucgiayunc,kcbnthn,ngch,nnhn,cngthn,m
trongcrtnhiutrikcati,nhngvnghrngchnycnthayic,CngSncnlkthcang,vvcnmungichttnhc
cuviringngnntinhmlyhaich"ngutrung",mcchobnbchtrchvrtnhiulclngqucgiayuncth,ght.
Nhngnnm1963,khingphngtaycngkhaivtnctiuditbphnlnnhtcadntclPhtgio,vkhingquytnhtinhnhcuc
thahipbtlisngchungviCngSn,vphnbilinguyncatondn,thtiquytnhxemngnhkth,thlmk"phnqun
iquc"hnlk"phnquctrungqun".Vli,nhtchxani,mquylutcchmnghininhtcngchngnghim:"Tichngheni
nthinhgitmtkhungbochkhngngheainigitTrVngbaogi".(LicaMnhT)
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nthinhgitmtkhungbochkhngngheainigitTrVngbaogi".(LicaMnhT)
"Dnviqu,xtcthchi,qunvikhinh".TheocMnhTthphicdnmicnc,vcncmicvua.Chcnngvnhimvngilm
Vualphi"BoDn",nghalphigignvtngtrnghnhphccaDn.NungilmVuakhnghiurcinhimv,hochiumvn
khnglmcichcnngthstrilngdn,phnthnc,ngcmnhtri.Ngigiquyntrdnmchdngbolckhngchdnth
chlbochaphidittr.
"BicittngychonntrongcitritlchnhtrcaMnhTccitinhthnDuyDnthvictrdntrncchcphpCngltrnghnc,
daicquynthtothnocngkhngrangoiphpCngc.PhpCngnhththtvuaquanchochngithngdnkhngaic
vtquamlmiutriphp.cphpCngthThintcngkhngthlyquynthmbc.Ngilmquangiphpphitheophpm
trti,dngitriphplngThiThngHongcngkhngtha.ythmilCng"49.
LigiithchquytlitvycahcgiTrnTrngKimtrongNhogiophnnhchnhschtrqucdnchvbnhngtrongtritl"thng
tnphplut"camiqucgiadimithii.Vhcgi,khilsgiavitcun"VitNamSLc",thcngtrungthcvcanmcangi
nhTySndkhivitngangsngditriuKhinh,BoilhuducaNguynGiaLong.TcchckhcgtcchcaTMThin
ngyxau!
"cphpCngthThintcngkhnglyquynthmbc".NhNhoVNhNguynnghsaovlidycathyMnhT,nghaysai?
ngVNhNguynthitrc1975cnqunhtngclptrngchngCngvngchc,tnglchnhimboLngDn,tngvittp"Th
NcLngDn"gichongDim,tnghhochnhschlydnlmcnbn,lylngdnlmvkhutranhviCngSn,thmnglibnh
vcchomtgianhlmmtlngdnmchnhngcngnnglikch.
th,ngNguyncnmndanhnghacanhicchmngPhanBiChutmcchtimchongDim:ngxcquytchcnchvi
HngGiangTM(tcngThiVnKim)trongbi"HoiNimCPhanSoNam"rngbithGmnNaGnhlcaCPhanlmra
cbittngngDim.(CngnhTrungyNguynMinhBovittrong"iMtTngThng"rngbithAibittriNamhycNgilcac
PhansngtcringtngngDim).
Hnhng"thysangbtqunglmh"bvchtrnvtcgithtscabiGmnNaGnhlcNghNguynSGiccLng
NhnPhngTtcghichxutxrrngtrongtcphmChiCh(trang173).Ngoira,VLoKimu,trnnguytsanVitNamHiNgois
147(thng10nm1983),trongbivit"Xinngrungemcmcmb"cnglchngnhncamtbuimnmcaccvkhoagiptin
bi(cccNghGic)tihiKhngHcSiGnvnaytixcnhnbiGmnNaGnhkhngphicacPhanmlcacNghNguyn
SGic.VVLoKimuktthcbivitbnglimamaihaingKimvNguynrng"khngbitthdactmnghe"mtchngthy
nhNhoVNhNguynlnting!
MnthcPhantimchongDim,haingVNhNguynvNguynMinhBoqunrngnucPhancsngtcbithnitrnsao
trongrtnhiutcphmsutmvnthCcartnhiutcgichaiminNamBc,khngmtaicpnbithc.
Hnna,nuquthtcthcPhantngngDimththnngDimphibitvbmytuyntruynlunlunsnsngnnhhtngphi
khoatrngnotnhngnmuchpchnh(195455).ngDimbitnilo(viRobertShaplennm1962)vdngdicamnhthchuync
Phantngth,nuctht,hnscng,hocchnhquyncangthiphngghlm.
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NhngsutthigianngDimnmquyn,takhngngheaininchuynny.Phiinkhingcht,TrungyBomininvonm1971
phtngphongtrophchiNgnhDimvngNguynmicpntihingoixaxilulctngrngkhngaikimchngc!
ngVNhNguynlnhNho,concamtgianhmnKhngMnhthmnglibnhvclptrng"scnhboatrnhc"cangDim
mkhngnghnvlptrngmanhemngDimlmaukhchocmtdntc,lmtanntcmtquhng.Tronglcthmt
trongnhiungingoiquclibitrngDimchvnghelianhemngtamlmchochanhemngtabsuysp,tnctangthng.
DennisWarnerphnthnhiutranghincukcngtnhhnhVitNam,phnthnhngTrnVnKhimemrutbNhuchobitvnhngbn
cagianhvchDimnnlnnnngnngDimvvvchngNgnhNhu:
A stage has been reached, in fact, where the tyranny the West allied in Saigon was in many ways worse than the tyranny it was fighting against.
Communistterrorwasatleastdiscriminatelyapplied:Nhuswasindiscriminated.Andinallofthis,Diemwasawilling,butalmostcertainlyunwitting,ally.
AsSaigonputit,hewore"blinkers"fromtheearliestoftheregime.Sinceforyears,itwasimpossibleforanoutsidertocarryonanormalconversation
withhim,heneverlistenedtotheevidenceagainsttheNhu.CabotLodgetried,asothershastriedbeforehimandfailed.Therewasnoalternativenow
butcoupdetat50.
("yllcmchnhquynSiGnngminhviTyphng,trnnctihnckthcah.CngSntnbomtcchcchnla,
(Ngnh)Nhutnbomtcchmqung.VtrongcitrnghungnyDimdkhngc,vnsnsnglmmtngminhcaNhu.SiGn,
ngitabitrngtnhngngyucach,ngDimchnhmtconngachaimingchebnhaimt.Vntnhiunmri,khngmt
ngingoinocthmthoibnhthngviDim,ngtakhngbaogichunghenhngchngcchnglivchngNgnhNhu.Cabot
LodgecgngniviDim,nhnhngngiitrccgng,nhngcngthtbi.Domkhngcnmtgiiphpnokhchnlmt
cucochnh").
CngvngDimchiulyttcanhemvgianhngta,kcvicchiulybttayviCngSnphnbicucchinugiankhca
qundnminNamchonnnm1963trongkhiPhtgionidyutranhiquynsng,thqunicngnidyltch.Trongmt
cuchpbosaungyCchmng111thnhcng,tngTnThtnhtuynbrrngrngquniphiratayvanhemngDimmmu
bttayviCngSn.TngnhcngnuchdanhisBaLan,ngManelilngilinlcgiaHNivSiGn,giahaingPhmVn
ngvNgnhNhunhchnhngManeliktronghikcangta.
CnphinhclirngsaukhiralnhtncngchachinbtbgiamcmTngNi,sng21thng8,quaiphtthanhSiGn,ngDimtuynb
"nhnlnhmitrchnhimtrclchsvhnhngcangvVitCngtrnngpTh".RrngngDimvancpvalalng.
TronglcvukhngPhtgiolCngSnthanhemnglitinhnhcucthohipviCngSnHNi.
LicngcnnhcthmlitrnhbycangManelilkhiHNivSiGnmmuthahipthVitCnghunhblngqunhnMtTrn
GiiPhngMinNamkhngkhaidngchinytncngqunchnhphvHNichamunltDimNhu,HNicnkodithmthi
giansngstcaDimNhuhcthtcmtthahipviHNisaulngngiM
NhclihaiskinnythyrngtronglcchDimcHNivMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam"yn"thchnhPhtgioliutranh
"khngyn"chochDim,vnhmchnngccaHNivhnhngphnbicaanhemngDim.RrnggiaPht
giovCngSnchailptrng,haichtrngkhcbitrrtvnhngvncatnc.
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ThmsaukhingDimblt,nhtltsaubincthmbicaVitNamCngHanm1975,tihingoinhiuschbocanhmCng
GioCnLao,cbitlnhmVnNghTinPhong,dmtrngtrnxuyntccucutranhcaPhtgionm1963ldoCngSnchov
vukhngThngTaTrQuanglcnbCngSn(quacunTrongLngchcaTrnTrungQun).
mmucaanhemngDimNhuthahipviHNikhngphichccunsch"WarofTheVanquished"cacuisBaLantiSiGnlt
trnstht,mcncnhiutiliukhtnkhcna:
Cun"LesDeuxguerresduVietnam"caGeorgeChaffard,mtkgiPhptrittrungthnhvthncnvicTngthngDeGaulle,lnhnvt
mhaingDimNhunhlmtrunggianchokhochthahipBcNam,chtrngthngnhthaiminNamBcvislnhocangHCh
Minh,vchngchnhschthamdcaMtiVitNam.
Cun"ADeathinNovember"cantinsEllenHammer,ngithnvinhNgvgiosBuHi.ngBuHivathnvingNgnhNhu,
vathnPhp,vakhmphcngHChMinhcnglnhnvtchnglicucutranhcaPhtgiovchngM.CngnhngBuHi,b
EllenHammernghmmuthahipviHNicahaingDimNhunnschcabthngccmtnhvinhNgvnhphPhtgiov
tnglnhVitNamltchDim.
Tiliu"TheCultofDiem"cakgiRobertShaplencngtrntpch"TheNewYorker".
SaukhichtrchngNgnhNhuchquan,ticchongDimbgitvticchocucCchmng1111963btthnh,RobertShaplenkt
lun:
"cnhngchngliuchothyrngtrckhiccucochnh,chnhphSiGnvMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamtinhnhnhngnlc
thahipvinhau.Nhngnlcnycthskhnginuvchintranhstiptcdmcnhhn.Nhngdmcnhhnhayd
thahipchnhtrctcngayckhiHNihontonkhngchMTGPMN,thNamVitcngsrivomthnhthcthngtrcaCngSn."
Cun"VietnamAHistory"caStanleyKarnowvitrng:
"TrongmtbuihikinringtiDinhTngthngngy2thng9,ngManelititlchongNgnhNhubitvcucnichuyngiangtav
PhmVnng.Nhutrathchth.ManelitrliHNinimnhmlnhoCngSnnhnmnhrng:"KthchnhcahlqucMch
khngphichDim"
"mmutrnnghimchnhhaylham?VitNamkhngphicigcngddi,cthlmttphpchai.HongTng,chnhimtNhn
Dn,ngvinctrchtuyntruynnm1981chotibitrng:"SthtthBcVitcgngosuhchiargiaMvDim.CnBNhusau
nyxcnhncucnichuyngiangNhuvminBcangtinhnh,btacntitlvicbtasgihaiaconcabtaraHNinhmt"c
chthnthin".NhngmmucaNhucnlmtthon"blackmail"ngiM.NgoinhiuiukhcNhukrachokgiJosephAlsopcm
mutrnldangiM.Manelini:"Nhuchinhiutrmtln".
"VimtsgiichcngiMthnhngmmucaNhutothmldoltDim.Hillsman,trongmtttrnhtimtchongoitrngRusk,
nghphithcytnglnhgprtochnhnuDimnichuynviHNivkhuyncophidngqunlcchngliBcVitnuBcVit
dngqunicuDim
"CthmtchimtchomtcuchnnhnthuntingiaBcvNamVitNam.NhngtrongtnhthlcbygimboMphitbVit
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"CthmtchimtchomtcuchnnhnthuntingiaBcvNamVitNam.NhngtrongtnhthlcbygimboMphitbVit
Namthlmtiukhngtngtngc".(tr.292)
btcchonhnnhcaKarnowtighithmymtnhnnhkhccabEllenHammer:
"TheongHillsmanthcctnglnhminNamcngtinrngNhucthngthuytviHNivbnngminNamchoCngSn.TngKhnh
tngninhthviCIASiGnngy2581963.lldolmnngcnchongiMvchotnglnhVitNam".("ADeathinNovember",
sdtr.177).
Ngoira,vicngNgnhNhummubttayviHNikhngchnhisManelilmlinlcgiaHNivSiGnmchnhngNgnh
NhuchthnigpPhmHngnhtngTrnVnntitldiy:
"uthng2nm1963,TrungTBnglcyanglmTnhtrngBnhTuy,dngxeDodge44chngNgnhNhuvngC.isn.Tri
trlnhvcmamngCvnisn!Nhngcaibitcchllingytrang.Sthtccngykhngisnmithngtimtcnnh
ltrongrngthucahtqunTnhLinhthuctnhBnhTuy
"TrungtBnglixeangNgnhNhunchhn.nni,TrungtBngvngC.chngoixe,loanninh.ChcngNhuv.Haingi
ngingoilngnghenhngliithoibntronglcnhlcto.NgiangnichuynvingNhulPhmHng,chainginangibn
cnh
ngNhuhaviPhmHngkhinixongngxelathbNhuvNgnhLThysichuynxeThngNhtutinraHNiTrong
cuchuyn,PhmHngcngtrchsaogiaonhngcncqunschoMsdng.ngNhuniMlngminhcaminNam,MnminNam
vdnhinsdngnhngnichchnhquynVitNamCngHakhngcgiaonhngchoM"("VitNamNhnChng",TrnVnn,Hoa
K,1989,tr.183,184).
TitlcatngntrnynhctinhliunmQuMo(thng2/1963),nhnbuitiptnuXuntidinhGiaLong,TngthngDimch
mtcnhoctrngbytrongisnhriniviquankhchrnglcnhodongboBcVitgitng.Mingiimlngnhngu
cvsuyt.SaunycngikhmphralqutngTtcatngVnTinDngchongDim.Nuqungnhththmmubttayvi
HNicahaingDimNhuphictluri.tnhtltrongnm19621963,trckhinhsvnngcaisManeli.Vquthtanhemng
Dim,vchngNgnhNhuquyttmthahipviHNitrongtnhhnhchnhtr,qunsyukmcaminNam,trongsbthatrmtrng
giaVitNamvHoaKtclanhemngDimmuntraominNamchoHNi,munthchinksch"sautalcnHngThy"nhmtlinh
mcngiBnitrnkia.ThmvnctrthcThinChagiodnglilngybinbnhvchnhngphnbicangNgnhNhu.
Vinhngngicthcchnhtr,quanhngnhnnhtrntathyngNhulkthiumttmnhnchinlcbaoqutvlunlunchquannn
tonhcimchoHNilnggtvtoscngphncangiMvtnglnhchngCngcaVitNamCngHa.
Hnhaiminmtrc,tilmtviniKhXanhtheongDimlmtvinquanmtchc,chngTychngCngchvlngyunc.By
gitilmtitGimcNhaAnNinhQuniuyquyn,chngngDimlTngthngticaocaqucgia,cngchnhvlptrngchng
Cngvtnhyuquhng.Haihnhngtuycchnhaugnmtphnnmthk,vtuythiicithay,nhngcngvbnchtth
vnlmt.Vltngthchcmt,vtiphixthncholtngcthnhtuchkhngthchotnhcmringtvnhngquynli
btbolmmlngtri.
ThngMinm1963,trongscngthngcanhngmmuvtnhth,ngDimcnhclicunicamtchnhtrgiaTyphng:"Titin,
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ThngMinm1963,trongscngthngcanhngmmuvtnhth,ngDimcnhclicunicamtchnhtrgiaTyphng:"Titin,
hytheoti.Tili,hygitti.Ticht,hytrthchoti".Nm19551956ngtintrnconngphcvdntcvcminNamhtlng
theong:nm196063,nglivrvoconnghinchidnnncncgitng.KhngltndcatponCnLaoCngGio
muntrthnhndncncsao!?
DngDimkhngchttrongngychngbltthngcngchttronglngdntc,tronglnglchstluri.CichtcangDim
khngphichlstanrcahnhhivtchtmcnlstanrcadanhphnphmgina.Mmiliuththm.Ththmnhc
giLngNhnPhngTtcvnhnsHongTrngThcphighivoschslnnnmanhemnhNgbngnhngcuth"ngnnmbia
ming"i51:
Vinnginmgiamsu,
Mithcsauchabdu.
Bacquantibnlhuyt,
NmthngTrinhmtconMu.
MivaHmSucnnguynth,
MnMngHaivu.
ByTmthutrngNgvi,
Ngthchnrngchiu?
1 CorallBell,FromCarterToReagan,trongForeignAffairs,cbn"AmericanandtheWorld"(sthng11985,tr.491).
2 LituynbcangNgnhNhutrongcucphngvncaitruynnhTV2caPhpcchiulitrongchngtrnh"Vietnam:A
TelevisionHistory"caiPBS,Mnm1983.
3 GeorgeChaffard,LesDeuxGuerresduVietnam,tr.299,300.
4 MieczylawManeli,WarOfTheVanquished,tr.61.
10 NgnhVn,HonCnhBiThmCaQunLcVNCH,trongboTinVit(s51ngy21185),tr.9.
11 TerrenceMailand,TheVietnamExperiences,tr.51.
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
RobertShaplen,TheLostRevolution,tr.165.
RobertShaplen,TheLostRevolution,tr.154,155.
StanleyKarnow,Vietnam:AHistory,tr.235.
JosephButtinger,Vietnam:APoliticalHistory,tr.433,434.
RobertShaplen,TheLostRevolution,tr.197.
MarvinE.Gettleman,VietnamHistory,DocumentsandOpinions,tr.239,242.
NguynThi,IsSouthVietnamViable?,tr.175.
onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,tr.111,112.
Chngtrnh"Vietnam:ATelevisionHistory",itruynhnhPBS,1983.
Nm1968,ManelibchnhphCngSnBalantrcxutrakhiihcWarsawvkhuynhhngnyvbedathtiunnvttuynn
Mtmtdo.y,ngcmidymnchnhtrhctiihcQueens,NewYork.Nm1971ngxutbncun"WarofTheVanquished"ch
trchccchCngSnNga,Tu,BaLan,VitNamvtitltronghaichngdivaitrtrunggiancangtrongmmuthahipviCng
SnBcVitcangNgnhNhu.
MieczylawManeli,WarOfTheVanquished,tr.117.
onThm,HaiMiNmQua,tr.348.
MieczylawManeli,WarOfTheVanquished,tr.127,128.
MieczylawManeli,WarOfTheVanquished,tr.141,142.
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44 SaunybBNgoiGiaoBaLanphctrnhchoBthngCngSnvlilmcaManelicnhnghnhngphnghinchnhsch
haducaBaLanviccncTyphngvcnglmttrongnhngldokhinManelibtrcxutkhiihcWarsaw.
46 FloreLewis,PolandsStrangeCoalition,trongNewYorkTimes(trchngtrongnhtboFresnoBeengy7783).
47 TrnTrngKim,VitNamSLc(quyn2),tr.128,129.
48 ngTrnVnLnuln10ci"bt"canhNgtrongmtbuihpcaLcLngDnTcVitctcginhclitronglotbi"Trm
NmCngLun"ngtrnnhtboThchnm1973vcnhiunhtbotrchngnhChnhLun,SngThn
49 TrnTrngKim,NhoGio,tr.244,245.
51 LngNhnPhngTtc,ChiCh,tibntiHoaKnm1979,tr.186187.VHongTrngThc,ThiCaChmBimVTroLngVit
Nam,SiGn1970,tr.370381.
Chng17
CUCCCHMNG01111963
Tichaingichumtithngmncbit:Thgitibngch,liyKhngquntrongphionIVnti,vsaunytrthnhmt
trongbnsquantyvincaTngthngDim.Thtrmtnhtni,tnhtnhcngrnvthychung.BinhchngKhngquncemlichoThmt
tchtlngmnnhngcngchngmclmchoThbtkhckhmthi.Thkhngquantmnhiuntnhhnhtncnhnglirt
nngtnhgiatc.
Thng11nm1963,ThtheongDimtrnkhidinhGiaLongnnhthChaTam.SauCchmng1963,ThtrvPhionc,vtrongmt
chuynbaynThtngKhnhtiNng,ThbtnntrnkhngphnQungNam.NmTh29tui,vlichoitcphm"NhtK
Th"dongiemsutmvxutbn.
NgichuthnhlNguynBLin,gitibngdng,lThiutTlnhPhThyQunLcChin,chhuyTiuonIvIIhnhqunditch
khpchintrngminNam.Linvnctruynthngcchmngtronggianh,limcichamtlcnhnntnhtlp,cngcngvkh
phch.isngcabinhchngthinchinhuncLinthnhmtsquanvnvtonti,mtnhyuquhngdntcchthmnngnnvi
nhngcstsibngchngkthvvishyditthmkhcthngtrccachintranh.
Nm1963,LinlsquancmquntinnhdinhGiaLongdischhuycaitNguynVnThiu.Nm1966,LincitnKontumlm
TlnhBitkhu24,mttrongnhngntchnnguyhimnhtcangmnHChMinh,vtnn(nm1969)trongmtcuchnhqunkhclit
tiTnCnh,trongvngniTrngSngnBnHt.NmLin38tuivlichoitcphmVitNam,VitNami!vibthiuTrng
Giang.
Haingichucbitchaicucicngcbit,tuyinghchnhautrongngylchs1111963nhngligpnhautronghnhngly
sinhmngtrnnonsng.Haingichunghaichintuynkhcnhautrongngylchs1111963ulysthychunglmtiuchunchn
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la:ThththychungvingDim,Linththychungvitncquhng.
Chngnytivittrongninimnhticvhaiachuthnthngmnhnghnhxtrongngy1111963chlmchocThlnLintr
thnhnhnghnhnhhngtrngvthmthittronggiatcchngti.HnhnhcngtngtrngchotmtrngtitrongcucCchmng111
1963:Thltnhngi,Linltnhnc.
o0o
CucCchmng1111963cnhiuschv,tiliucpny.Tnhngvnngntintrnhthnhhnhcan,tnhnglc
lngthamdnkhochphtngcan.Trongchngny,tichxincpnnhngskinvsuytvnhnghotngmtitrc
tipnggp,hocnhngbinctibitrtrongngyCchmngmthi.
Vogiathng7nm1963,mcdchnhquynNgnhDimtndngmithonnpcccucbiutnhchngichnhphvc
bittraoquynchoTanQunsemraxtxnhngcanphmqunsvdnstrongbincNhyDvimcchcnhco,hmda
phongtroutranh,nhngphongtrochngimingymtsinghn.CccucbiutnhutranhcaPhtgiocsthamdngo
cahngngsinhvinihc,hcsinhtrunghcvcccemnhcctrngtiuhcna,nnihcgiDouglasPike,trongcun"VietCong"
mtnhngngyh1963nybnghnhnhcamt"ThSiGnangbcla".
iphvitnhhnhsing,chnhphDimemthmhaitiuonDvhaitiuonThyQunLcChinvSiGntngcngcho
ccnvBBinhvCnhStDChinnpcccucxungng.HaitiuonThyQunLcChinnydoThiutNguynBLinch
huyvLinanglTlnhphchoTrungtLNguynKhang.BchhuycaLinngtiVnphngVinihcSiGngcngDuyTn
vTrnQuCp.
MthmvocuithngBy,tinBChHuycaLinvkoLinravntmhiuthmvtinhthnbinhstrchintnhtncthc
Linchobitbinhsrthoangmangvnhiulccngkhaitthibtmnvich.Linnirngchngnhngbinhskhngchunpbiu
tnhmhcntrathnthincimvisinhvinhcsinhnhbytthingtnh.Lingiithch:"Lmsaobinhscthnpckhi
nhngkbiutnhlbcon,anhemvih.Lmsaohcthxungtayvinhngemnhmimimytui".RingLinth"Dchutheoo
TinLnh,khngphilPhtt,nhnghnhngkth,nptngiocaanhemngDimthtlbtcngvtnbo!Milnchuinhth
gpccvmcs,cctn,aiaicngchtrchchnhschvtngiocangDim".
ThyQunLcChinlmtbinhchngthinchin,thngihnhqunkhpccchintrngvbitrtnhhnhanninhsuythoitinngthn
nnLintrartlou.
Sau khi nghe Lin trnh by, ti bn hi: "Chu c ngh rng vi tnh hnh ny, liu qun i c th i n mt cuc binh bin lt ch d Dim
khng?".Linsuynghmtltritrli:"ChunghcthlmvchnhtrongLoncachu,ngoitriyBngtheoCnggiotvuimng
ngvicccucnpPhtgio,cnccTiuontrngkhc,aicngtthibtmncmthchDim.Chnhnhmcachunhbc
siyNguynPhcQu,iyTrnVnNht(tngNht,hinnayOrangeCounty,Cali),nhiyLHngMinh(emcatngLMinh
omtrongchngtrnh"Vietnam,aTelevisionHistory"caiPBS,tngolnnnngnchDim)vrtnhiusquankhcbn
ncucochnhltchDimmngihnghinhtlbcsQu".QubcsYkhoatiPhp,nhnglmttrthcctinhthntrch
nhimvctinhthnchngCngsusc,QulitnimtinvongDimnnbPhptrvVitNamxinphcvtrongbinhchngTQLC.
LngiCnggionhngQuthmnhuntinhthndntcvttngdnchnnQukhngthchungnimtchphongkin,cti
nhchDim.Vvyanhtravcngbtmnvchnghtch.Qunirng:"Trckia,nm1960,NhyDthtbivchavnngc
cthilnth,naylchittpchoThyQunLcChinvnglntipnismnglchsptanchnhNg".
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cthilnth,naylchittpchoThyQunLcChinvnglntipnismnglchsptanchnhNg".
TilihithmhiuquanimcaLin:"DngtheongDimhn20nmtri,naynunglnphbngtathcmangtinglngi
thiuthychungkhng?"Linlisuynghmtltritrli:"BachutnglchinhucangDim,hotngchongta,cndngthhysinh
chongtagnnaingi,vchutuycntrnhngcngtngkoqunvSiGncunguyngtatrongbincNhyD,vythchnhng
tamcngianhmnhchmnhcmangnnghagcangtau!Hunggiviqucgiadntcthmnhkhngthvtnhringmbngha
chungc".Lincnemcinghal"Stnhtmiucuvnth"(gitmtconmocuvnconchut)thuytphcti.
Tuyvy,lcbygitivnchacmunltch,vnhvylltluncngDim,mchyutichmuntrithvchngNgnhNhu
mthi.TiniviLin:"DsaodngcngmungivingDimmtchttnhccu,vlingDimchvnghelianhemmmangtichonn
dngchmuntrithngNgnhNhuthchcngDimscnhtnhngay.Chusuyngh,phchamtvikhochirichodngbitsau".
Chmyngysau,LinngptitinhringvchobittchccaLincthhstngNgnhNhuddng:"Chusdnmtssquan
mclphctrng,dusngtrongmnhvnirngidinnvThyQunLcChinxinytkinngCvntngmtkvtmngnglnh
othnhcngtrongqucschpChinLc,tronglcbnngoi,haitiuoncachuanghotngtiqunNhtssnsngtipng.Khi
vocphngicangNhunhmchustngcavovnphngrihstngtangay.Trongkhochnychcndngthuytphcc
ThratncngdinhGiaLongnchuvolkhngainghinggnac."
VnravodinhGiaLonglunvtuykhngchutrchnhimvnanninhcaDinhnhngticnghiurviccanhphngvsinhhotcanhn
vintrongPhTngthng,nntithykhochmstNgnhNhucachuticththchinc.Tuynhin,khochnyphidavo
ThmThthchlqunnhnthunty,khngcthcchnhtr,liphcngNgnhNhuvthngngDim,docthThskhngnghe
liti.TibnbcbkhochnyvchoLinbitkhochcati:HschlkomtsnvmchlclThyQunLcChinlnvnggn
TyNinhlpchinkhuihingDimphiavchngNhurancngoi,trtdochottctchnhtrqucgia,thamnnmnguynvng
caPhtgio,mrngchnhph,thchinonktvicctngio,ngphichngCng.Tinghrngtrcbicnhtnclcbygi,
nucmttphpchnhtrgmngphi,tngio,qunikoqunilpchinkhuthscnhiunvqunihngngvngDims
nhngbthchinnhngihi.ThngschltchcmtcucchnhbinltchDimdotilnhockhnngging
DimlilmTngthng.LcbygitmhntivncnbmnhbihnhngcaVVnHitrongbincochnhcaNhyDnm1960.
Vivcdngthsinh,vitmlngtrungngha,Hidmxngphavovnglan,gplnhtochnhlTrungtVngVnngxintha
mngchongDim,vxinchongtatmthigichcTngthngvquyn.
Vihaikhoch,mtmttiboLinvtchcLonThyQunLcChinthtchtchlmchlcqun,vmcniviccsquan
thucbinhchngkhc.Mtmtchnhtichthnxydngtchcchomtcucchnhbindotichtrng.Tibtutchcnginhm
trchtlemhti,iyNhLun,anggichcThammutrngBchhuyTruynTin.LuncngibnthnliyLPhcSang
(chnhvnphngcatngNguynGicNg)cnhimvtcngccsquangcPhtgioHaHo,vnrtcmthchDim,vcnhim
vvnngtronggiidnsmLunvSangquenbitkhnhiu.LunlicThngTaTmChuthngmntnnhim,cThngTa
chgiochophnchnhtrvnhnstinhnhcngtctchcvxydnghuthunqunchng.LunvSangtchccnhmccng
PhanHuyQutvTrnThanhHip,nhmVitQuccalutsNguynTngB,vlikolunccngTrnQucBu,ChtchTngLin
onLaoCng.TrnQucBuvnlbnthnvngchcangNgnhNhunhnglilinhchtchviccgiichcM.tlu,tuyb
ngoingTrnQucBucvtrungthnhvianhemngDimnhngtrongthmtmngtachnnnbtrtvbitngNhuangchngM
bttayviHNi.ClngTrnQucBusuylunrngchDimkhngthnotnticnachonnngsnsngthamdvobtk
nhmochnhnocthracci"vtnhCnLao".Vth,khiLunvSangbtlinlcthngnhnlingay.Ticrngsauny,khiCch
mngthnhcng,tngMaiHuXunlibtgiamngvokhmChHanniisCabotLodgephinhiulncanthiptngDngVn
Minhmichutrtdo.Do,sauny,ngBucoitngMinhnhkthvtrnncvnclcchongNguynVnThiutrongnhngvn
406/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Minhmichutrtdo.Do,sauny,ngBucoitngMinhnhkthvtrnncvnclcchongNguynVnThiutrongnhngvn
ngngoigiaovilclngththuynHoaK.(CcngNguynTngB,TrnThanhHip,LPhcSanghinnayucmttihingoi).
MtngichurkhccatiliyChuVnTrung(theochngtrnhH.O.,quaMnm1992),chhuytrngtiuon1TruynTinng
cnhBchhuyLcLngcBitcaLQuangTung,cnhimvnguyhimlclpnhmLQuangTungkhihus.ChuVnTrunglngi
Bc,tcaThngTaTmChunnnhThngTamlikocrtngsquanPhtt(ngiBc)thamgiacngcucchung.Mt
ngichukhcnacatilPhmVnLng,vibnlNguynVnC(BcsChinOrangeCounty),lsinhvinQunYnmth6,c
nhimvcpchnhquyntrngQunYdobcsTrungtHongVnc(Cnggio)chhuy,vlinlcvicctchcsinhvinkhcvn
ngsinhvinihcxungng,tomtcucnidytithnhhuthunchohnhngcanhmquns.Maymnchochngti,Lng
cngianhrliyHTiuangchhuymttiuonD.CngnhLng,HTiulngiQungTrcngquviHaThngTrTh,
ThngTaThchThinMinhngheninltch,Tiurtmng,hnghithamgiangay.NhTiu,chngticthmmttiuonthin
chinlmchlc.TrungonThitgipGVplnvhnghudoThiuTThmNghaBichhuy,tngcungDimthiNhyDo
chnh,chngticngtchccmtssquantrkhihuscthclpcThmNghaBivvhiuhaTrungon.Trongbinhchng
Khngqun,chngticTrungtKhcMai(hinPhp)vnhmcngsvincaMai.TuyMaitngtrongPhongTroCchMngQuc
GiavngCnLaoNhnVdotitchc,nhngvlngitmhuytthucmtgianhctinhthnchngCngrtcao,nnkhidndnthyanh
emngDimthamnhngthintmlibttibtlctrongvicchngCngnningibnthnlitNguynXunVinh(hinnayang
HoaK)phibchcTlnhKhngQunrai,thMaitrthnhbtmnvchngch.
NgoicclclngqunivdnsSiGn,ticntchccitngVnSnvThiutTrnVnHaiKhnhHa.Snchhuy
trngHsquanNhaTrang,lilmtPhttthunthnh,bnthncatilunm.SntngnghngDimthinggpkhkhntronggiai
onlmThtng,SntngtrongngCnLao,nhngcngnhmingitmhuytmangtmtrngbtmnvinhmCnLaoCng
Gio,lithyanhemngDimtrngtrnnpPhtgionnkhitinglingVnSnhnghinhnlingay.ThiutTrnVnHai,chhuy
trngTrungTmHunLuynBitngQunDcM(NinhHa)lmtngviniVit,thi19551956bnhmCnLaoCngGiodnsvu
connbbtgiam,nhnglictitixtvbchhahsnntHaicoitinhmtnnhn,mtngianh,dokhitichongilinlc
mcni,Haingngay.Lngicantrngvtmhuyt,HaihavitishysinhnkcngptanchDim(SaukhiminNamrivo
tayCngSnvonm1975,tngTrnVnHaitvnkhngchuuhngCngSn).TrngHSquanNhaTrangvTrungTmHunLuyn
BitngQunDcMcn5,6ngnbinhsthinchin,chonnlclnghnghunyctigiaochonhimvchimNhaTrangkhiti
koqunilpchinkhuhaykhicchnhbintiSiGnsnilnlmthdc.NhaTrangvKhnhHalquhngcaPhtgiochonndn
chngaphngtrthnhmthuthunnhndnvngchcchonhnglclngcchmngsauny.
Tronglctinhnhtchccucbinhbin,tikhngngcnhiunhmsquankhccngcnhngnlcnhmvnngltch,mhuht
lngithntncangDim.Cbanhmlnltnvnngtivotchccah.TrchtlnhmcatngNguynNgcLvit
NguynVnChun(tngChunhinHoaK).ThhailnhmcaitNguynKhngngiHu,cuchhuytrngbinhchngTruynTin
(itKhnghinPhp).VthbalnhmcatngLVnNghimviyNguynB.Sdnhngsquannydmvnngtivot
chcochnhcahvhtonlbnthncatinnbitrquanimchnhtrvtmtrngcatiivianhemngDim,nhtliviv
chngNgnhNhuvngNgnhCn.Tuynhindbithtinti,vdtikhngnghingquyttmcah,nhngvlmcngvicltch
lmtviclmnguyhimcthancichtvchnubngNgnhNhuvnhmCnLaophthinnntiphirtcnmt.Do,
dcctchctrnnlintcthcgic,tichtrlimtcchlngchngmkhngchnhthcnhnli.(CphithkhnganhbnNguynVn
Chuncatii!)
NgoiccnhmmtitmgilccTchcminTrungnitrncncngiVitmidinlThiutHunhVnTn(hinOrangeCounty,
California).SdtikhmphrachotngcaHunhVnTnlnhmttthngbocaTrungtngThiQuangHong.NguynTnl
hunluynvintrngihcQunSLt,nhngTnlibtrngignhaitunlkhngvnnitngHongphithngbonhAnNinh
407/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hunluynvintrngihcQunSLt,nhngTnlibtrngignhaitunlkhngvnnitngHongphithngbonhAnNinh
Qunilngbt.TichonhnvindxtvtheodinnbitcTnvSiGnlinlcviccngchqunsvdnstrongngt
chcochnh.cbit,TnlinlcvictngDngVnMinh.CngtrongnhmcaTntLtvcncThiutThyQunLcChinC
TnTinhChuChuvminTytchcccngviniVit,vtrangy1111963trliThNghiungmtnvThyQunLcChin
ntncngdinhGiaLong.
TronglcthTyAnNinhQunitiLtcngbocochotibitnhiu"hotngllng"caTrungtTrnNgcHuyn,Chhuytrng
trngVBLt(hinM).LcutikhngtinHuynmmuochnhngDimvHuynlngiCnggiolilemcacuBtrng
TrnNgcLin,mtthuchclccangDimvngNhu.HuynlicngDimnngtnnhimgiaochochcChhuytrngtrngV
BQucGiaLt,mtavmangnhiuvinhdchobtkaichnhnhchhuyngitrngotonhntitnglaichoquni.
Chontrungtunthng8,tibitcvokhong7,8tchcangtinhnhnhngvnngltch,mtchclmchotichmt
cchngngcnhinnhtlcatngTrnVnn,lcbygianglQuynTngThamMutrng.Huhtcctchcudothnhphn
qunnhnchxngvishptccamtslclngngphi,hocvisymtrcamtskhunmtchnhtrhaytngio.Skincqu
nhiutchckhnglmtingcnhinvdichboquncangDim,vvihthngmtvCnLaocaNhu,chqunimikh
nngvdnglctinhnhnhngcngtcnguyhimvihimtkthuttchctinhvi.VcngvthmdhthngmtvcaNhucpht
gicramtvitintcnhngchnhNhucngkhngbitailnhovthclcthno.
Ngoira,quni,mchaingNhuvDimuchquantngrngcQunyngCnLaokimsotchtch,thtraliltrungtm
singnhtcamimmmngbtmnvchngi.Phtgiobnpcnbiutnhphnkhng,ngphiqucgiabnpcnratuynngn
chngi,ringqunithhnhxnhmtchins,nghalkhibkhngchkhinhmitthsphnngmtcchquytlitvddiminhnh
lcucbinhbinlmlit111160cabinhchngNhyDvnhngtribomnlangy2721962cahaiphicngQucvC.
m2081963,mnhmnhmvchngNhutncngchachin,tnhcmtngibnthncatilitPhngNgcTrng(hinPhp)
nchivnglinhti.TrngvamibngNgnhCnctchcGimcQunnhuQunkhuIvctikovoSiGngichcChnh
sHnhChnhTipvnchoNhaAnNinhQuni.myhaianhemtiangnginichuynthbngvokhongmtgisng,ThiutNguyn
ThnhLong,ChnhsAnNinhQuniSiGnGianh,giinthoikhncpbochotibitcnhstDchinvLcLngcBitcaL
QuangTungangtncngchaXLi(trungtmchhuylclngPhtgioutranh),chanQuangvchaTheravada.TheoLongthchnhb
NhumcqunphcThyQunLcChin,ixeMercedesntrccngChaXLichhuycuctncngchany.Vchnhnhnvinca
Longthybtalaht,chtrralnhcholclngtncng.TibnboLongctiptctheodibincvngymaislmttrnhchoti,ritili
ratrcsnnhtiptcnichuynviitTrngchonsng.
NginhmQunicpchotilmtbitthtrongcxHiqun,kintrctheokiuPhpthithuca,nmcuingGiaLonggnchng
vinSaintPaulyntnh.ngGiaLongchaihngmexanhlchmuvonhauxoxc,mnhsanscuchuyntmscahaianhem
chngtiangbntnvchDimvbinctncngchachin.
Lmtchngnhnsng,lmtnnnhntrctip,TrngkhtvkrttcnhngticcahaingNgnhThc,NgnhCnvtp
onCnLaoCngGiotiHuvminTrung.Vigingnibithitcamtngihysinhttcribphnbicc,Trngktlun:"Nh
anhbit,cgianhtixthnchonhNgvittclngtrungtnvhysinh.ThikanhemngDimcnlaoaokhngaidmlinh,th
chngticngkhaingh,nggpnhnlc,vtlc.KhingDimlmThtngphitbthchvlcnocngsnsngbtncngthem
ti(iyPhngNgcBang)chuvolmsquantyvin,anhruttichuvotrongtiuiphcdchchotthtngNgnhCnThmv
lngthamvy,ngCnchomtvbaovynhti,mtngchc,mtsquancptcaquni,mtcnbcach,trngtrntch
thunhnggiabocati.tntnlngtmnhth,ngCncnctchcvthuynchuyntirakhinv,bttirikhiHuchongi
408/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thunhnggiabocati.tntnlngtmnhth,ngCncnctchcvthuynchuyntirakhinv,bttirikhiHuchongi
CnggioPhCamcangCnthaythmchuynquynVitimngNgnhCncnxcnturomngnhththdnchngthpc
bmingcnkhnhcnhthno!Chnhvymanhcnhmmtphcvsao?"
Haicunicuicngcangibnthnvangditrongmtrng,nhlpsngcuncunlintcpvoghnh.TichimlngngheTrng
nimkhngchobnbittmsvdnhcamnh.Trnglngichnthnhvtrungtn,hi"quma"mtchtnhnglcith"quma"v
gicanhngtmhnnngdnVitNambnhd.NhnnhvphphncaTrng,iviti,baogicngcnhnggitrrtdntcvphtxut
tstrongsutcatmlngTrng.
m,dibutriysaocamaHminNam,ticnhiTrngnhiuvchngtithcsutmdichonsng.Hmsau,khong7gi,
ngDimtuynbtrniphtthanhSiGnvvic"HingChnhPhctriutpgpvolcgnsng.Tngthngtuynbphihnhng
cngquytvlnhtrchnhimtrclchsvctinVitCngsptrnngpTh.banhnhlnhgiinghim,giaochoqunibovan
ninhtrtt.TngTnThtnh,TngtrnSiGnGianh,chutrchnhimthihnhlnhthitqunlut"
Khong10gisng,tianglmvictivnphngcaNhatigcngNguynBnhKhimvHngThpTthtngTrnVnn,lcbygi
lquynTngThammutrng(thaytngLVnTichabnhtiHoaK)giinthoiyucutinBTlnhcatngnhtheoch
thcangCvnNgnhNhu,lmcvnchonhvccvnchnhtrtrongcuckhnghongPhtgio.
Limtlnna,ngNhummubttidnhdvoticcadnghNgnh:Trcht,ylmtvndnsthucBNiVchkhng
thucthmquyncati,thhailccschlcchnhtrkhngthuclnhvccaNhaAnNinhQuni,vthbalnucmtschlcchnh
trthngNhudbittitngbytlptrngchngichnhschny,vliticbaogicngNhuchnhthcthngboschlc
u.Khngcthmquyn,khngthuclnhvc,likhngcthngbo,thmtivnbngNhuyvocitth,miviqunchng,i
viphongtroutranhcaPhtgioviviquni,liltththenchttinhnhchnhschnpPhtgiocachnhquyn.
LcgptngnhvngiphtqunslitNguynHuC,tithychaiucvkhntrngvuphin.Vtnimtintrnvnvo
linhthnthitgiahaingi,nhtrnhbyychotibitnhngthmhaxyraticcchabtncng,nhtltichaXLi:"MtPht
bbnnt,ccvtdngthcngnhchung,m,lhngbpphvngngnngang,ccTngvNibnhbngbngsngvmbngli
l,ringHaThngHichThchTnhKhitthbhnhhungnng".nhcnhnhc"HcndmnmmykhuGarantM1vocharichp
hnhlmtangvtvukhngchacchavkh,hcnqungcltnbvophngcamythyrixuyntctrongchactraigibyb".
ngnhcnghnhcchtrchchnhquynticngmngthmvthinyphnnhnhngutccamtkmunnilonvbituhaing
nhvn,ngoitnhbnra,cnglngchtrongtchccangnri,dbngoingnhvntngktukgivngvaitrung
thnhvingDim.
Nhngbincxyratrongmythngvaqua,tmmuthahipviCngSnHNinvemxccthnhphnngphiqucgiatita
nQunscbit,tvnpthmkhcPhtgionnhnglihchticaitTrngtihmquavcatngnhhmnaychng
chtthnhbncotrngquytlitlnnticcachvbngchmdtmingnngitnhcmcuicngcatiivingDim.Ticvin
dnkhongthigianhn20nmtrilinhthmthitgiangDimvti,nhngvnkhngngnchncnhnghnhngoannghitca9
nmtriboquncaanhemngDim.MtbochaNgnhCnkhngngingngnhngtayvomutrnaukhcangbomtNgnh
NhungomnlmgiubngthucphinvchuyntinrangoiqucbnghthngmtvCnLaovsnsngthahipviCngSntrongkhi
phngtaynpcclclngqucgiamtNgnhThcchpcctngiokhcxungchotngiomnhchngmicquyncli
hutinnvicCnggiohatonminNammtNgnhDimnhunhcocgimtTrnLXunvocvlngquynmtby
khuynngCnLaoCnggiocuktthnhmtloitrngclmhyhoisinhlccaqucgiavhngkhcadntcTtcgmtrongmt
409/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
khuynngCnLaoCnggiocuktthnhmtloitrngclmhyhoisinhlccaqucgiavhngkhcadntcTtcgmtrongmt
gianhmnhngsnsivdanh,li,quyn,lc,binthnhnhngticatnc,mtgnnanmnaydnchngminTrungm
thmvitthnhbnnlchslichohuthiiquahaicucadaotruynmingchonhau:
NhNgcbngianhng
Dimngu,Nhuc,Cnkhng,Thcin
CmtqukhangcvimttnglaienticatnclmtidtkhothnvinhgingDimlilmnguynthqucgianhcng
thcmVVnHiclnngh.Tinhtnhphiltchny,vchnhngDimcngphibtcquyncngdntrcxutrakhi
nc.
Suynghchnchnri,chiu22863,tinBTngThammugptngTrnVnnnghgianhpvotchccangta.Lcutng
ntvnghinghivn:"CphingCvnboanhnyththchtikhng?"Nhngnkhititrnhbyhttmsvquyttmca
mnhriktlunmtcchchcnchrng"NutiltaysaicaNgnhNhu,nutihamdanhlithtitcommucaTrungtngchoanh
emngDimri"thngnmibtucvtintnghnnhngvncnddtbotitrvlmvicmkhnghcpnlptrng,ch
trngvtchccangta.Rav,titrnnbnhthnvlcquanhnvchnhthiddtcangnlicnglmchotitintngngang
quyt tm thc hin cuc chnh bin. Mt cuc chnh bin do mt cuc binh bin pht ng m qun i l ch lc, li do mt vTngTham mu
trngtchcthnhtnhphithnhcng.
mttunlsau,hnhnhsaukhichoiutravnmvngttngcati,ngnbnchomitingpngtativnphng.Saukhi
trnhbymtcchtngqutchtrnglmmtcuccchmngltch,tngnbnhiti:"Quytnhcaanhvsinhmngcaanhem
ngDimnhthno?"Titrlidtkhot:"ivivchngNgnhNhuvngNgnhCnthphibtgiamriaratanQunsxtx
theonglut.RingivingDimthemngtalntidinhs1Ltmtthigian,ixnghongrichongtaraimunsng
luvongtincnotyngtalachn".Tngnngvitingayvhnhnhcnglchtrngcaringng.
Ngoira,trckhitilinhvitchcchnhbindocctnglnhchxng,mthmvouthngChn,itPhmNgcThonnhv
khngngnngimitithamdvotchcochnhcabcsTrnKimTuynmngTholidin.TheongTho,bcsTuynchllnh
ttinhthnvangsasoninhnchcTnglnhsAiCpnnkhngmuntipxcviai,vlibcsTuynangbCngancbittheodi
gtgao.
VtrnghpbcsTrnKimTuynmmultchDim,kgicDennisWarner,mtbnthncalutsTrnVnKhim(emrutb
Nhu)vlmtkgikhtnnhttronggiiphngvinbochthgiivsamhiutnhhnhngNamvitnhsau:
Ngythngcngtriqua,Nhuvccbnhuthncncangtacngcivnhau,anv.Tnhiunmnay,kchntayquantrngnht
caNhutrongngCnLaongthicnglngiiukhincquanmtvcaNhulbcsTrnKimTuyn,39tui,dngnginhnhnv
vnxutthntmtdngtuCngThinChagio.Ngoinhngthnhqukhc,TuynhchtchngtrnhYkhoatrnmcuicachng
trnhBcs.TuynlngikhngchpnhncungcchcanhNgtrongvictrdn,vcgngthuytphcchinmtnnhnh
chnhthctinvquychn.Saukhicucochnhthng11nm1960thtbi,ngcngmtsvinchcchnhphccngkinvingson
thomtvnthnibgichongDimnulnmtsnghcit.HaimitrangcavnkinnycdnhringcpnbNhu.
ngnhTuynlongi,qunhinDimgtbminghcitcnbNhuthphnngmtcchgind.Mcdtronghainmtiptheo,
bngoiTuynvNhuvntralmtibnthn,ci"tnhbn"ychmdtkhiNhunirngngchongmthumccbnntrongnhhng
410/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
bngoiTuynvNhuvntralmtibnthn,ci"tnhbn"ychmdtkhiNhunirngngchongmthumccbnntrongnhhng
LaCigale,mthngnmbanmTuynvbnbthnggpnhau,vquacccucthumy,NhubitcrngkhiTuynvbnhubn
vinhauv"mtcucochnh"thnidungcuchuynkhngphilunlunllilcamtkngumtcquanmtvtrungkin.
TuyTuyn"bohim"sinhmngcamnhbngcchgirangoiqucchngliuvcchotngcagianhhNg,ngtavnthngtrc
sngtrongtnhtrngnguyhim,mcdNhubnhimTuynTuynkhngcnlmttrngiilmTnglnhsVitNamtiCairo(Ai
Cp).NhuthnggiTuynl"trenteneuf"(bamichn)vconnginhnhncaTuynchcnnng39k.Saukhihaingihtthnthinvi
nhau,NhukhihilbygiphigiTuynl"trentehuit"(bamitm)vTuynloschomngsngcamnh,stmtmtk.Quacquan
caTuyn,Nhunmchscnhncattcvinchccaocptrongchnhph,kchngTng,Btrng.MctiucaNhul,nuc,
philmchoccvinchcnylinlynmthnhthcthamnhngno.Trongmliny,khngmtaicthlmhiNhumlicthtrnh
cchomnhkhibhi1.
Hnaiht,ngTuynbitrnhngsailmvnhngticcachDim,bitrnhngmmuthmccavchngNgnhNhu,bitr
ngNgnhCnmylnnhchongimstmnh,libitvchngNhusctchcmnh,ememlTrnVnKhimvothaythKhim
ngytohsbinmnhthnhcondtthngnhchuttcmihuqu.BitnhthvvnngicltngqucgiachnchnhnnngTuyn
khngthtiptclmtitrungchomtgianh,mtchngptrntic,ngTuynphichtrngochnhtrongnguynculymtquc
giaangthtsngtrnbvcthm.Tmtcngthnhnm,ngTuyntrthnhmtkthkhngitrichungvianhemngDim.Lmt
ngiquenthnvinglinngtipxcmoving,tibitrnikhtmcangibnhinTrnKimTuyn.
CnvitPhmNgcThothttrctichahgpmchbitquahs.ngTholmttayphngintibacaVitCngvdcbcon
lPhmNgcThunhingimtchcvquantrngngoiBc,nhngnhlmttnCnggioliltaychncaGimmcNgnhThc
nncngDimtnnhimvchomanglonTrungt.LcTholmTnhtrngKinHa,tngMaiHuXun,vnlcuTngGimcCng
an,cuGimcAnNinhQuni,niviti:"AnhnntrnhviTngthngrngdngPhmNgcTholdngminNamchoCngSnri
".TiemlicaMaiHuXuntrnhbychongDimthbngDimgtgng:"AnhhithngXunncbitngungcgianhPhmNgc
ThohncChakhng?".TrongthigianngThogichcTnhtrngKinHa,tichoiySinh(hinHoaK),trngphngCngtc
caNha,bmtxungBnTremtthngcbitiutrangTho,vSinhvbocochoti:"chngnhngTholngichngCng
mlichngCngrttitnh.KinHalcncavngchccaCngSn,lquhngcabNguynThBnh,lnimnm1940CngSn
tngnidycpchnhquyn,thmThovn"tr"niCngSnti".Nhngchmythngsau,ngThothilmTnhtrngvcng
NgnhNhugiaochonhimvithanhtracngcucthitlppChinLc.ngThovnvoradinhTngthngvthnhthongvncng
Dimgivonichuyn.
Gpti,ngThochobittchcktnpcmtsnvBitngQunvBoAn.VnhthngithanhtrapChinLcnnt
chccrtnhiusquantrongccnvchinutiQunon3vQunon4.ngTholcngsvincatngTrnThinKhimnn
cngtitlchotibittngKhimnhnuchonhmTho.(ThtratngKhimtrongtchccatngnri).
TikhenthmquthtngTholtaytnhbogiimibitctmavhnhngbmtcamnh,tuynhintivnphigivtthitrung
lp:"Ccanhmunlmgthlm,tikhngchngccanhcngkhngphncDim".Sdtiphinithvcnphikimchnglivitng
KhimtrckhithtslinhvingTho.Myngysau,tngnligitinBTngThammuvchobittnglnhkhngngviti
vvicgingDimtiLtvsnhngbttrccthxyra.Titranhlunmthinhngkhngthayicquytnhcatchcnnnh
nhngb:"NuvythemngtaraCnomtthigianvemmttiuonThyQunLcChinracanhgirisaukhitnchnhphthnh
lpschongtarai".ngnngvhasnghlivianhem.Trongcucgpglnny,ngnkhuyncotiphihtsccnthn
ivinhngcvnqunsHoaKvnhnvinCIA,vtheongthtngHarkinsvnhnvincaRichardson(GimcCIAtiVitNam)ang
411/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ivinhngcvnqunsHoaKvnhnvinCIA,vtheongthtngHarkinsvnhnvincaRichardson(GimcCIAtiVitNam)ang
nghngDimvngNhu.Tngncngbotitnayngvtichlinlcbnginthoivchdngmtsmtngtraoitintc.c
bitvngygiphtng,ngschobitsau.
ytixindnhvidngnivtngTrnVnn,ngicxemlbccacucchnhbin11163.TngnsinhtiPhpnhngnh
thh,mmttin,rungvntisnutiminNam.TuyngtngmangquctchPhpnhnggianhlithmnhunnnolTam
gio.Trongnhnggiaotbnngoi,TrnVnnlngivnminhlchthipkiuuM,nhngtrongsinhhotgianhngvntheonnpng
phng,theonghildntc.MtlntinthmngtinhbnggpbndyhcLtvnghcuitun.Vabcvophngkhch,b
nvinghimtrangchokhchvchochngrinngaybnthgiatinthphngvicho,saumivphngring.Ltngbcsauny,
anhemgianhtngntheonghiltrongsch"ThMaigial"chongviphongha,tptcctruyn.Trckia,tithngcthnhkincho
rngtngnlmtth"Tycon",nhngtngynhiulnchngkinccungcchvnpsnggianhcang,ticngknhmnngta
nhiuhn.
Tng n tuy theo binh nghip nhng phn ln cuc i ca ng li hot ng nh mt chnh khch hn l mt nh qun s. ng hot ng
chnhtrtthicnmangcpTrungy,khicnlmtnhnvintrongvnphngchnhtrcaThtngNguynVnXunthi19471948.Theo
tngnthchnhngtaltcgicalquckcvngbascvlnginghlybi"ThanhNinCa"caLuHuPhclmqucca
choVitNamCngHa.VlvGimcAnNinhQuniutincaqunlcVitNamCngHannngbitrllchvlptrngchnhtr
cahuhtmisquan.Hnthna,ngcnlThammutrngutinnnnggprtnhiutrongvicxydngquniqucgia.
GianhtngnvgianhngDimvncthmtnhccu,tngntnglmtrunggiangiaThtngXunvanhemngDimtrong
thikngNhuhotngtiSiGnvLt.TrongmytpalbummbNhuclnavHukhoevingCn,tithynhiubchnh
vchngNgnhNhuchpchungviThtngXunvTrnVnntrongcccucdungontiLththnvinhauncnhngtm
hnhchpbanginngmcuphcngchungvibNhuchmcotmhhang.CngvanhemngDimthnthitviThtngNguyn
VnXunchonntheolicangPhanXng,ngDimyucuinhXunTiu,chnhimboThiCuc,trnhvickchngXunmcd
ngXunnghCuHongBoitronglcngDimkhngnhngxalnhmcnchngiCuHong.NgaytthingDimchacmquyn
vonhngnm47n50,ngnthnglinlcvingDimvmikhiraHuthngghthmngNgnhCn.
Nm1955,khitngNguynVnHinhtgiVitNamvnhvinvPhp,tngntchclttngtrngqunhmvqunhiuPhpt
trcvncsdngchoquniqucgia,vchnthnhnghngDimquacngtciungcclclngqunstrongchindchtn
cngBnhXuyn.Cngbtutgiaionmimqucgiabtuthcscclp,tngnlotraugiiVitng,nghinculchs,vn
haVitNamvlunlunmangtinhthnhchicutin.Trongsutgnchnnmtri,htgichcThammutrngQuninchcTlnh
Qunon,Qunkhu,tngnemhtkhnngphcvQunivch.nglvtnglgtkhptncquhngvtipxc
mithnhphndnchngtrongxhi.cngDimvanhemngtanv,tngnlvtngdmnithngvnithtvingDim
nhngsthcbithmtrongQuni,cngnhdmtrnhbytnhhnhanninhsuyspcanngthnminNam.
TigptngnlnutintiHuvonm1948,khitngnthptngThtngchnhphnthmc.Nm1952,Trungtn,vit
cchGimcNhaAnNinhQuni,lithptngtngHinhraHucngviTrungtNguynNgcLvti(lcbygilThammutrng
QunkhuII)tholunvvictcconcvnPhpvoBthammuvvoccnvcaQuniQucGiaVitNam.Trongbuihpny,ti
mnhmchnglikincaTngHinhtronglcTrungtnnhntichmch,theodinhngtrnhbycativtthingvilp
trngcati.Tuynhin,cngvvymchmythngsautibmtchcThammutrngQunkhuIIvbiraBc.Nm1954,tinhtng
nChLn,trongcuchprtngsquantngHinhhhovicochnhThtngDim,thiquytlitcatikhicngkhaiphn
khngtngHinhvnhmtaysailmchoitnphilu.Vnnmvnghslithythikhngkhicati,ttngntra
qumntihnvcoitinhmt"chnhtrgia",mt"chinscchmng"hnlmtqunnhn.KhilmTlnhQunonI,milntHuv,ng
412/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
qumntihnvcoitinhmt"chnhtrgia",mt"chinscchmng"hnlmtqunnhn.KhilmTlnhQunonI,milntHuv,ng
thngghliNhaAnNinhQunimovitivtnhhnhtnc.
KhcvitngDngVnMinhlunlunnghimngh,knovtrmlng,tngTrnVnnbnhd,cimvhohiphn.Tngnvuiv
vddngthngcmnncbinhsqumntrongtnhhuynhchibinh.
TronghngtnglnhVitNamtngigiaothiprngrihntngn.ngquenbitrtnhiutnglnhcaocp,chnhkhchquctvhu
htccisngoiquccmttiSiGn.Sauny,khithnhlpLcLngDnTcVit,chngtithngmiccnhnvttntuinhgios
TrnNgcNinh,giosNguynNgcHuy,hcgicQunh,ThngtaTrQuang,LinhmcHongQunh,vtngTrnVnnnthuyt
trnhvtnhhnhquct,qucni.VThngnghsTrnVnnlmchocplnhoLcLngphingcnhinvkhmphcvkinthc
chnhtrcngnhkhnngdintbngtingVitcangta.
nnay,dcngichtrchtngntrongthi6375cnhiuthamvngchnhtrnhngtivnchorngthamvngchnhtrcangch
nhmmcchbovminNamchngCngchkhngphichoringcnhnngmthi.iumtiphphnvconngilnhoTrn
Vnnlcibnhatnhcang.cln,saumtbuihpcaHingTnglnh,nhnthytngnqustsngtrongvicamy
aconbNhuiPhpsaukhicchmngthnhcng,tibnangtaqululuynvimitnhgi,tngnkhngngnngitrli:"Ti
saoanhkhngtrchnbhay"provoquer"(khiukhch)timlitrchtivnchlnnnhncanb?"
SaukhigptngnlnthbammcchltholunvicixvingDimkhiCchmngthnhcng,tibnquavnphngcatng
KhimvcKhimxcnhnvquyttmltchDimcaPhmNgcTho.TivKhimvncngtrongLinonLungs3do
TrungtPhmVnngchhuyhnhqunNamnhThiBnhnm1953,rilicngtnlcgipngDimtrongcucbinhbincaNhyD
nm1960.TngyngKhimvgichcThammutrng,tilithngtipxcnhiuhntrnhbyvtinhthnbinhsnnchngticvi
nhaunhiumithincm.Trongkhochtchcltch,ngKhimccoinhtronghngnglnhounobncnhtngDng
VnMinhvTrnVnn.TuyngKhimcanhemngDimtnnhim,nhngvchnhschcaitrthtnhntmvcchlnhocon,bt
ticanhNglmchoCngSnmingymtphttrinnnngthngtracngphn.ngKhimquLongAn,thytnhnhcnhth
SiGnmCngSnchimhtnngthn,vtrongkhingKhimkhngvthmchhng,mmchangthbNhuliccgiandi
LongAnvisphiu98%,iulicnglmchongKhimchnnn,khinhbch.Chonnngoinhngldochungmmingiung
ltchDim,ngKhimcncnhngcngphnringtna.GpngKhim,tihivthicangThiu,mtbnthncangKhim,
thcchobit:"ThiucngcngmtlptrngvichngtanhnganhnntcngthmtinhthnchoThiuquyttmhn".
TrvNha,tilingiinthoimingThiu,anglTlnhSon5BinHa,vbolngptigpvcthncdanhtcoThiutham
nhng.vitingnghsau,ngThiucmttivnphngti.VabttayThiutivanghimging:"Timianhlnybtgiamv
anhangmmutchcochnh".ThiutuyhibinscnhngcnggivtmcchchinntivitrntnhThiungay.Lngiquynbinv
cthcchnhtrnnThiuhiti:"AnhnghgvthchtnglaisaukhihcchDim?"Tibntrli:"Ttnhinlthchdnch,to
iukinvsinhhotthuntinchocngcucionktqucgia,trongccngphivcclclngqunchngphingmtvaitrquan
trngvcnbngylihakhdntc,phchisinhlcqucgiachngCngSn".Tuynhin,tinitip:"Chabtccphykhoanni
nchuynltda,chngtahybnchuyntchcvhnhngloitrlclngchnhtrvqunscaNhutrc".
ngThiuvtiquennhautcuinm1952khihaichngticnghclpTiuontrngvlpLinonLungHNi.T,trnbc
ngbinhnghip,haichngtinhcduynnvinhau.VlmvicchungkhuchinHngYn,haingiknhtrngnhauvucchtkin
thcchnhtr.Hi,ticncbittrngngThiuvhaingbcthnsinhcaThiuthuchngtinbioc,lunlunduytrgianhtrong
truynthngnnTamgio.Thiutrmtnhkhnngoan,lickhnngvthammu,tngcitngPhpDeLinars,Tlnhchintrng
BcVitphimrttt."Thngminhscbn,singnng,cphngphpvtm.Squanhohng.Cthctuythovtchcvbomt".
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BcVitphimrttt."Thngminhscbn,singnng,cphngphpvtm.Squanhohng.Cthctuythovtchcvbomt".
(Intelligenceaigue,travailleur,mthodiqueetminutieux.Trsbonofficier.PossdeunsensremarquabledelOrganisationetduSecret) 2.TngDe
LinarsquthtbitrconngicangThiu,nhngngkhngbitngThiumangrtnhiuthamvngchnhtrngaytthiThiucnthanh
nin,thiThiucnhctrngPellerinHuvtrngLyceYersinLt.
DichDim,ngbinhnghipcangThiurngmthnhthangmmttrongnhngldolnhngThiudtkhotboPhttheo
Cnggiobnv.anglmThammutrngBTlnhhnhqunchotngDngVnMinh,nhcclinhmcnngbobc,Thiuc
ngDimcgichcChhuytrngtrngVBQucGiaLt.NgyngDimcnhcThiugichcTlnhSon5,ngbotilmt
trnhvThiu.Trongmckintivitrng:"ThiukhngtheomtngphinomcdcngianhruttheongiVit.ngThiulmt
trongsnhngsquanutnhtcaquni".DsaothCnggiomilyutchnhhnhnhNguynVnThiucghikhcvocontim
ngDimThiucngtnnhimvnng.
unm1963,saukhivnmchcTlnhSon5,ngThiunvnphngtithmxgiao.TichongThiubit:"ScaThiuspn
thilmrtlnvohngvnvsongton,tnhtcngvohngBtrngQucphng".ngThiurtngcnhinkhnghiuvsaotibitcs
tvinghalbitcngygisinhmlchcaThiu.TuynhinngThiuvnddtxintingniras"ngCbitcngschmuc
haiamnh".Thtth,taiclstviiqucchnhngThiuvcbitlcungPhccchoThiuhngchtmccacham
ngb.ScaThiucnbnch"T".TuiGipT(1924),sinhvogiT(nam),thngT(thng11mLch),vcungMnhVincng
nmT.Lina,mnhcaThiulilmnhKimmlinmcungThylrtccch.Nm1965,Thiu41tuiivocungTh,mThlisinh
Kim,ligpKhoa,Quyn,Lc,Binh,Hnh,Tng,nhichiulthngcch,vthThiugichcChtchybanLnhoQucGiarilnchc
Tngthng.HtihncungTh(nm1975),Thiu51tuiivocungHa,mHathtchyKimnnThiumtchcTngthng.Tuynhinv
cungPhcclgccalschonntuyhtlmTngthngmThiuvnthhnggiusangannhnchonnm1985,nghalvohn
ChnhHacungNg,Thiusgpnhiutaihavsb"thiut"trongihnny(t1985n1995).CmtiutivldquenbitThiu
lungynhngmichonkhinhnngThiuquamnnhtruynhnhtimithyccpmt"lolin",biuhinsgiantrvlmchong
Thiutrthnhtaygianhng,thamnhng.(CitngccpmtlolincangThiucnggingnhcintngkhngdmnhnthngvomt
ngiithoicangDimultngngibtchnh,cngnhcpmtrtsccangHChMinhnhnxoyvotmtrkithoiltng
cakgianhngnhngliltngvcngthngminh,tinht.McdngHChMinhccpmtnhvynhngngtacnhiuqutngkhc
nhlngquyncao,gingnikhcchitkcmchaingDimvThiuukhngc).
SauNguynVnThiu,tichomiTrungtNguynCaoK,anglChhuytrngLinonVnTingpti.KquenvititngytivNha
ANQ,linhcachngtithmthitnhanhem.ChngtithnvinhaunmilnKnnhtiltngvothngtlnhlyran.
BitKthch,nhtithngbiuKrucmm,nemch,dakiu,chnh,vmilnKlimybaychotivNhaTrang,tithngknotrao
choK5,7trmtiupha.Hngnm,cnmngMtTt,KthngdnvconnnhtimngtuivlybnthgiatinvKthngnir
lKqumntinhngianhtrngcagianhK.KhibcthnmuKtth,Klingptinhgip:"Buisinhtin,mting
munkhimtscchnctnghatrangMcnhChimtithqutngthiukhnglmsaobohiuc,vynhitgipnem".
CmcicnhKhiuthomlinghotng,tigipKchnctmtheonguynvmuabiutngbcmttrongnghatrangMcnhChi
vigibamingnng.
Klngicnhiunghstnh,cphongthimtlngthohoanncbinhsKhngqunmnchung.Nm1960,Ktheonhmsquan
lnhocucochnhNhyDnhngctidungthkhngbtvtibitKlmvyunc,vvKlmtsquancbinhsknhmn.K
tnglimybayraBcVitthtiptchobitkchminNamhotngtrongvngch.Nm196263,mtsthucvincaKlidngcng
tcchuynvnccsquanBoAnihcdukchchinMLaibunluhnghartintSingaporevnnbQuanthubt,tiphithit
thacanthipviBtrngTiChnhNguynLng(hinPhp)vTngthngDimthathchoKvccsquanphicngtrongLinonKhng
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thacanthipviBtrngTiChnhNguynLng(hinPhp)vTngthngDimthathchoKvccsquanphicngtrongLinonKhng
vn.
Khingptivibbaymuen,cysnglnglngbnhng.Kchotitheongquncchvningay:"nanhcgdydnem?",
tibna:"GiKnbtgiam".Ktrntoimtmtmnhntirivacivani:"icanganemtinghip".Nhngtivily
thinghimchnhriboK:"Kcnhngy111160lmgkhng,hmnaytigiKxungychobittistchcltngDimv
rKtheoti".Kngbtdyataychomnhm:"nemsnsngtuntheolnhica".
BitbntnhcaKkhngphntrcnhngtivnphitlanhithuytthmchoKvKhngqunlyutquytnhthnhbicacucbinh
binlmnntngchocucchnhbin,chonntibnkoKnnhthytviMinhLcngTrnQuCpmtisptttrc.Sau
khigieoqubmtay,ngMinhLcnirngsCanhNgnylmnghimyvgi,tuynhinnThungnmnayphilmgctnhcchbo
ngritrthnhvngtng,phqusongton.Tihi:"Snycphnbituitikhng?"thMinhLckhngnh:"Khng,binuphnbith
sbchtbtckt".Tithngchothytvimttrmngbcrirav.Trckhichiatay,Kthsutigitrnlngtrungnghaiviti.
SaunyKphnti,cngvinhmtngtrclptitiKontum,tiNhaTrangnhngKkhngchtbtckt,vlitrongthmtmticng
thtlngkhngmunaiphichtbtckt,nhtlmtnginhK.
ngvincmtchinsdngcmnhNguynCaoKxongticmthyantmhn.Sau,tichomiTrungtVnhLc(hinHoaK)ang
lchhuytrngmttrungtmhunluyngnVngTu.Lclmtsquanthmninctrnhvnhacao,lmtphntutcaquni
tngchhuynvthitgip,nhngvLclngithucHongphi,tngphcvtrongvnphngQuctrngBoivthngtrakhinhb
nhmCnLaoCngGionnbpnnisut10nmqunvmLcchlnccmtcp.ClLcinhninhrngtimiLclncnh
cohocbtgiam,nnkhimigpti,Lctvngingnglm,chonkhititrntnhLcbngcchgiithchtnhhnhenticancnh,gii
bytmsauthngcamnhritirLcthamgiatchc,Lcmiyntm.TtnhinbngoiLcphigithiddtnhngticng
thy c ni lng v quyt tm ca Lc khi nghe ni n lt ch Dim. kt lun, ti ch: "Yu cuTrung t khi nghe ting sng n
Thnh,kongaynvThitgip(gntrungtmhunluyncaLc)vSiGnymtrchoBbinh".Lcdrirav.
Tuyktnpcmtssquanngchhng,xydngthmcmtsnvmkhihuscthngucvilclngvtrang
caNgnhNhunhnglngtivnchayn.TiphinmchoctngTnThtnh,TlnhQunon3vTngtrnSiGn,vnhnvt
nyvovtrcthxoaychuynddngtnhhnhlc.
Nhnitrongmtchngtrc,tigpnhlnuvocuinm1945tiLt,saukhiVitMinhcpchnhquyn.Lcbygitichhuymt
tronghaitiuonGiiphngquncaminNamCaonguyntronglcnhchhuymttrungi.Tuychngtikhngphilcnbnngctca
VitMinhnhngtithnhhscnhncghichtcng"cchmng"chngPhp,vnhlcuthlnhThanhNinTinPhongcaPhongTro
ThanhNinPhanAnhnncVitMinhtrngdng,cnnhlmthcsinhyuncvdmgcbtnghin"theovickimcung"trccaotro
khngPhp,nnchaichngtiucyBanHnhChnhKhngChinLtchnhmnhimnhngtrchvqunsthencht.Chngti
cngchinuchnglilinqunAnhPhpNhttimttrnchyditLtnnDng(Dran).Nhngvhalccachqumnhnn
mttrntanvvchngtimingimtng,tithvvngnirngNinhThunlpchinkhugnmtnmribMtTrnVitMinhvqunh,
tronglcnhtrliLtxinlmthkchoscnhstPhptrnhbbtbgiamcm.
Mahnm1949,khitianglmTrngphngBachoBThammuVitBinhontiHu,vomtbuichiun,tiangngitrmngmmt
mnhtrnbsngHngsaulngiChinSTrnVongthbngthynhitimkhngtngtngrngsaugnbanmtrixacch,giamt
tnckhilaphncchmchngtilicngyting.Tronggiyphtxcngvnhnnhoqunxcx,tidctic80ngbc
ahtcchonh,vcbitnhchvthmlinichnnhauctrnvitunlristrlnLttiptchchnhvianhcanhl
mtchuynvinanglmvictivinPasteur.TisuynghkringhnhgianhpVitBinhonchinuchngCngSn,nhnhnli.
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mtchuynvinanglmvictivinPasteur.TisuynghkringhnhgianhpVitBinhonchinuchngCngSn,nhnhnli.
TigiithiunhviThiutLvtmthinhcmangcpbcTrungslmthkphngBthdiquynThiuyTXunThun(hin
M).Cuinm,nhnckhaVBmtiHumhctrnhchc6thngotocptcmtssquantnglaichoqunlcqucgia,tibn
nghviThiutLchonhihc.Cngtrongnm,nhttnghipvicpbcThiuy,ricchnihctrngqunsSaumurti
Php.Vnc,nhcbnhimlmTiuontrngtiuon12chutrchnhimhnhquntivngLThy,QungNinh,quhngng
Dim,mlcbygitianglChhuytrngqunsnitnhny.nhlngicantrng,saymchintrn,lpcnhiuchincngnn
ctngNguynVnHinhthngmnvcthngcpmaul.Nm1954,nhmangcpTrungtvchhuymtlinonlungtc
chintiBcVit.Thibygi,nhngsquancchhuynhnglinonlungticcmttrnminBcvminTrungphilnhngsquan
tuyxutthnthngngbinhsnhngcnhiukinhnghimchintrngnhPhmVnng,LVnNghim,hocnhngsquantrutxut
thnttrngVBnhNguynKhnh,NguynHuC,TnThtnh.
DTnThtnhctngNguynVnHinhnngvtnnhimnhngkhigpnhtiHiPhngvouthng8nm1954,tivnthuyt
phcnhbngHinhvvingDim.nhnghelitivsaunygianhpngCnLaotrthnhmtcngthnctcncangDim.Nhiu
ngichorngnhmangucchichngha,nhngtibitrtmhncanh,bitnhnhiukhi"gidiquai",bitnhbngoitv
ngnhngthmtmvncngphnnhmCnggioCnLao.ThiklmTlnhQunon2kimQunkhu2,khigpnhiukhkhnvvn
dinhin,vnngiThng,nhthngthanthviccvtnglnhvvitivslnghnhcaccvlinhmcvnhmCnLaoCng
Gio.nhthngthcgictiphitrnhbysthtcho"ngC"rviccclinhmclmmtlngdn,lmchodnThngtheoMtTrnFULRO
vlmchodndinhingcminTrungbtmntrnvqucht.nhlngithucdngTnTht,mtdnghccngtolntrongvicdng
cha,cchung,tbioPhttichaNguynHong,bcthnsinhnhlilmtPhttthunthnh,vmcdconlmTngmm
vnsngcnhbnhncqunh,muidambcsmhmvuivitingmlikinh.ChonnkhingDimnpPhtgio,nhrtbun
phinnhngchvthngngDimnnnhkhngdmbytthibtmncamnh.ChonkhianhemngDimtncngchachin,vu
khngPhtgiolCngSn,tondnnigin,thtuybngoinhvngivtrungthnhnhnglngringmangnhiuonhn.
Saukhihiurlngdcanhvbitnhctngnktnp,tivnmuntlacantrngthmnhgivngquyttmtrongvic
ltnhNg.
Tinnhnhvokhonggnnamkhinhcnnmcschtrnging.Vingicvvbinnhnhtiphicthiquytlit,nn
tibtchcVngTtrongtruynTamQuclpmukhchtngLBdittrgianthnngTrcngyxa.Chonnsaukhichohi
xong,tispxunglynhhaily,nhhthongtidyrihi:"AnhlmgkccvyanhMu?".Lcbygi,timitrnhbythnclng
dnchonhnghe,ticngphngiimitmtcamnhvkhuynkhchnhbttheochnh,bmtchangmmubttayviCngSn
phnbiqundnmngvphadntc.Tikhuynnhhyvnglnlmcchmngranhcchoqunivbovtquc.Trongccyu
tthcynhltchDim,clyutphnbixngmuqunicaanhemngDimlmchonhquytlitnht.(Vthmti
mng11163,khingDimginhcucu,nhtchi:"TihtlngphcvchoC,cuCnhiuln,mCliphnbiqucgia,
phnbixngmuquni,bygithhtri").
TinivinhrngchtnbocangDimbtonquntondncmthonghtthmnhnlngnovchicgmvng,ngisaobc
mlmtaysaichokthcanhndnsschvhuthktti.Quennhhnmimynmtritichalnnothynhril,thmhm
naynhkhc.nhmchmlyti,havitiscngquytptanchDim.Tiyntmravvtynhnthycnhsng
chinthngcuinghmtrongcucutrvingNgnhNhu.
o0o
Cngcuctchcchnhbinangtrnthunlivchcnitnglnhnhngyginsngphtcthkhngngmthm,BtrngLao
416/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Cngcuctchcchnhbinangtrnthunlivchcnitnglnhnhngyginsngphtcthkhngngmthm,BtrngLao
ngHunhHuNgha(hinPhp)chobitmunhcatibbil.NghaklichotinghecucithoigiangtavngNgnhNhuti
dinhGiaLong:
Nhu:"Muchithnvitoa,Mucnignchuynochnhkhng?"
Ngha:"Khng,TichngheMuthngnichuynTamQuc,chuynngChuvtvlolngchongCmthi".
Nhu:"Mulatoa.Muangcngmtssquanmmuochnh".
Ngha:"Nuanhbitrthckhkhngmkhngchnngcucochnhngayttrongtrngnc.AnhhygiMuvohachothng
thngvbotcocctnglnhribthtlmngay".
Nhu:"Khng.Moackhochri,moabtclmtlt,moapchotanhtlun".(ngNhumchkhochBravomngNghakhng
cbit).
RakhivnphngcangNhu,ngNghavibmtthngbochotibitngayrikhuyntiitrn.Tinglicmttmlnghohipngibn
trik,nhngtikhuynngNghacyntmvtikhngcvicgphitrntrnh.
CnglcvivicngNgnhNhuchongHunhHuNghabitvictiangmunhochnhthticngbitcngNgnhCnchomt
iy,hnhnhliyMinh(hinM),mangthtHuvothngbochongDimbittiangchunbochnh,vkhuyncongDim
iphvitinhngNghakhuynngNgnhNhu.BcthcangCn,saungyCchmng,chutilNguynBLintchthuc
trongmtphongblntrnbngiycangNgnhNhu,cngvilthsutranggiycacTrnVnChng(gitHoaThnhn)lnn
nhnglilmcahaingDimNhutrongviclnhoqucgia.
LcbygilvouthngMi,vmcdmmubbil,nhngvquyttmlmcchmngvvtintngvosmnhvmccacha
ngmnh,tivnvngtmkhngmtchtnaonng,vnilmvic,vnidoph,vchunbmtsbinphpphngngabttrc.
Trchtticholnhnhngcnvchmnicatiphinsngngayvobtkaimunmhiti.Tilichocmtkhongtrngtrongbc
tngngaysaulngnhnucbinticththotthnnnlnhnhmtngibnthnlTrungtBiQuCothuccquanHnhNgn
KcaBQucphng.ngCocbthnmulmtPhtthtscmo,nhngLThnhTnulngvinhtitrongcxHi
qun.Ti d nh t nh Bi Qu Co s n tr n ti nh mt ngi bn thn m cng l mt ng ch l ngThi Vn Chu (cu ph ch tch
PhngThngMiSiGn,hinPhp).ngChucnglmtPhttthunthnh,tngbngNgnhCnkhngbnnphibHuvoSi
Gnsinhsng.NginhlunmtngcangChungLThnhTngnchBnThnhnonhitquthtlnitrnltngchotikhi
hus.TichoconnthngbovingbChungaysaukhicngNghabochobittinNgnhNhuphthindtnhcati.
CuicngtiralnhchoNguynBLinlnutibbtthphikoquniTyNinhlpchinkhungay,ngthinhmconchuvcngsvin
catiSiGncngnhNhaTrangphiphtngnhngcucbiutnhbongbucngNhuphithngthuytviNguynBLin.
TirttintngvoquyttmcanhngngibntinhitngVnSn,ThiutTrnVnHai,TrungtKhcMai,vccem,chuti
nhNhLun,PhmVnLng,TrnHuKinh,ChuVnTrung,vcbitlNguynBLinvinhngngchcantrng,nhithuytca
LinnhNguynPhcQu,TrnVnNht,LHngMinh,HTiu
417/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NguynBLinginhtilcrut.Linmtmkhimichoic15ngy,lcbygithnphcaLincntngstitaCngsPhan
RangnnvtithayanhmemLinvquninuidng.Mynmsau,khiLincngcpvanhvtitilpgianh,Linmitrvvi
cha.Linthucdngdikhphch,tittho:Cnicnhnkhngchuralmquan,Nitcngcnhnralmquanvinmribtmnvi
chnhschBoHnntquanvlngsngcucithnd.
NitcaNguynBLincngvicccCTrnMnhn(nitcaanhTrnHVittrongnhmDnQuynMontral)cCLuTrngKin
(thnphccthisLuTrngL,LuKLinh)lnhngbckhoagipvngniHonhsngLinhliclinhthnggiabconvinhau,tngnu
caotinhthnksthiTyNholnlnsaukhiphongtroCnVngniqunhtanr.
ThnphcaLinvalbntrikvalngchcangTrngLitnnnghKNgoiHuCngtrccngNgnhDimtrong
phongtrothnNhtthi19401941,cngvingTrngLitngpngDimtraothcaKNgoiHutNhtBngivychongDim
lnhophongtro.CngvchtknimxamkhiLinhnhqunCMu,nhnmtcuckinhl,ngDimhithmvthnphcaLin
nhhikThcnin.VcngvchtknimxaxamLinvtmikhkhnkoquntKinHavcungDimtrongbinc
NhyDcuinm1960,mcdTnhtrngKinHalThiutLNhHng(hinM)tmmicchcntr.(CphithkhngThiu
tngNht?)
Nm1953,gianhLinangchungsngvigianhtitiHu.LintheohctrngdngPellerinvvamixongttithclnhngvin
hclpsquantrbkha13(cngviLQuangTung)titrngVBLinQunLt.NhngkhngnhLQuangTungttnghipxongxinn
thntrongccnvhnhchnhtiHu,LinxingianhpvonvtcchinngayvihoibotrthchochabVitMinhchtutiqunh
nm1947.
Nm1956,saukhiihcqunsM(FortBenning)v,LinlixinvobinhchngThyQunLcChinvnhphcvlclngthinchin
nymLincdpihnhqunkhpminNammrngkinthcvnhnvn,alcatncquhng.
BitLincantrngvkhphchchonntrongcucochnhltchDim,tngnvnhchnhLinchhuyLonThyQunLc
Chin,lpmuaLonihnhqunBnCtingynsngthsiungvdiquynitThiu,TlnhSon5,tinvSi
Gnlmmidichlc.SaungyCchmngthnhcng,LincchnhthccgichcTlnhTQLC.Nhngtnm1964,khimnhngxo
trnchnhtrdocccucchnhldndpxynthcctngKhnh,Khim,Thiuvmtstngtrvvamunvhiuhanhhngcati,
livvaengitinhthnqutcngcaLin,nnhtngcngtcvthuynchuynLinvbnngchcaLinlTrnVnNhtiPhiLut
Tn gi chc Ty vin Qun s cho Ta i s Vit Nam ti Manila. Sau ba nm, Lin tr v nc v c b nhim lm T lnh Bit khu 24
(Kontum),nmchcvchhuytrctipccnvchinuphtrchhnhqunvngusngngngi,vngchintrngvothikvcng
sing.Kontumlvngau,lcichtsinhtcangmnHChMinhchonnchintrnlunlunmckhclitnniTngthng
NguynVnThiukhinthstchintrngralnhchoLinphidicctrigiabinhvPleiku.NhngLinkhngkhitrli:"ThaTngthng,
ngynoticnchhuyythKontumvnvngnhbnthch,xinTngthngantm,cvconbinhscgncha,chngh".Vlm
gngchobinhs,sutthigianLinlmTlnhBitkhu24,vconLinvntiKontum,vnhngmphokchvntrnxunghmxybng
baoctcnhnhchungvigianhccthuccptrnhpho.Cuinm1969,Linhysinhtimttrntrongkhiangchhuycuchnhqun
truylngditchtrongdyTrngSnvngbingiiVitMin,limtvsuconmacongiuchmi10tui.Ngylmltngtng
Lin,trithSiGncngmunril.RtnhiusquanvbinhsThyQunLcChintngphcvdiquynLintngnkhclytrc
linhcuLin.Nhiunhnvtngphi,nhiuchnhkhchnhnsSiGnkccNguynVnHuyn,chtchQucHi,phionPhtgion
Quang,phionPhtgioVinHaodoThngTaThchTmGiccmucngnnghingmnhtrcdinhcaLin.Ngoiccphi
onchnhph,Quchiv.vTngthngNguynVnThiucngnchotinbit,tnvinhLinlmtvanhhngcaqunivtruythngLin
lnhngChuntng.itngDngVnMinhvphunhncngcctnglnhhihutrongHingQunNhnCchMngcungm
418/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lnhngChuntng.itngDngVnMinhvphunhncngcctnglnhhihutrongHingQunNhnCchMngcungm
ngikhcLin,tinamtngchcantrngkhphch.ngPhmBKhanh(hinSanJose)mtvnhnsKontumcngticthngmtchin
squcgiamngtnvinhlanhhngqundnCaoNguyn.CLVnThi,cuHitrngHiThnhTinLnhVitNamvccvmcs(hin
M)bitrthnthvsnghip,phongcchvtmnguyncaNguynBLin,vcngaunkhimtimttnsutilmsngdanh
ChavlmvinhdchoHiThnhTinLnhVitNam.Thani!Mnhntcnhdanhtng,bthanhngiankinbchu.LicaHaBan
trong"iucchintrngvn"quthtlhpvicnhngcaNguynBLin,ngichulmvinhdchogianhti.
Vimtngichucantrng,khphchvnhithuytnhth,vithcmnhlitvviclmcamnhmnguynvngcatonquntondnl
xctnrrngnht,litinvosphncaanhemngDimngintiviqucgiadntc,chonndngNgnhNhulcbygibitti
sonsaochnh,dDngVnHiu(hinM)lcymunmstti,tivngithibnhthn,nhtitiNhaTrangvntiptcgip
tiptchocccha.TronglcthcctngMinh,n,Khim,KimlichovconvntrtimtculcbgnsngolfTnSnNhtnu
cbttrcthsnsnglnphicbayrancngoi,vtngLVnNghimthnhiyNguynBemvconvdutivngngoiThc.
Tnhchquanthnglmtyutanthtbi,nhtlchquantrcmtcngcucctnhcchbong.Thmtrcngyphtngcuc
cchmngtilichquan.Tichquantrchtvtitintngmnhlitvochnhnghacavicmnhlm,tinvophcccagiatcmnh,
nhngquantrnghncltinvokhnngnhnnhthincnvthiuthctcangNgnhNhu,mtthngichbitlthuytmhmli
chquan,nhkgiGeorgeChaffardnitrnkia.Tithtstintngmnhlitrngtrongvnbinhmnhny,ngNgnhNhukhngti
trnguvitidngtabitmmucati.
Ngy26thng10lngyQucKhnh,cldinbinhdiquynchtacangDim.Tichonhmdnsvsinhvintuyntruynrngngy
slngyphtngcucchnhbin(cphithkhngngLPhcSang?),tomttnhtrngkhntrnghhthcthc,vlmchobphn
chhuyanninhcuclvcclclngmtvcangNhuhtsclouphng.chohthycicanmvquyttmcati,tinthng
bchhuyanninhrtbmtcahtimtcnluidinvitdinhngisPhpngThngNht.Tiy,tithyctngNguynVn
L,TlnhBitkhuTh,itNguynVnY,TnggimcCnhstQucgia,vhaiphtNguynVnHayvDngVnHiu.Hnhnti
bngcpmtkinhngc,cntinhnhbngcinhncaongothchthcvtinykhngcmcchgngoivicbiudngcitnhtnh
cantrngcati,ritiirangay.
Ngy1thng11nm1963ccctnglnhchnlmngyphtng.Tidysmungtrsngxongthlnngnnhmtthytvitn
KimPhNhun,nikhchkharavongctainghingtronglcchigiphtng.Khong1gitra,tivoBTngThammuth
ctngnchnhnmtcnphngringcngvicctngChiuvKimvitnhngvnkincnthitnhlihiutriucalclngcch
mng,nhnhnghinctnglai,v.vTronglcthttctngt,kccctngttrungthnhvichnhtngNguynVnL,it
CaoVnVin,itLQuangTung,ucmttiCulcbSquan,chtrtngTnThtnhphiliBTlnhcangtatrctipch
huycuchnhqunlcbygicngytranglmtcucochnhchophhpvimmuBravocangNhu.Cuchnhqunochnh
ctinhnhttpmmichititctngnmtkhytronghik"OurEndlessWar",tiumc"Ourcoupsucceeds".
Vphnti,theodisttintrintngbcmtcakhoch,timngthmnhngkhngngcnhinvccbnbngch,conchucati
cantrngthihnhnghimchnhnhngchthcati,vnggptchccchosthnhcngcacuccchmngmktququantrngutinl
chnngcanhemngDimdidtmmudngminNamchoHNi.Trongtintrnhochnh,NguynCaoK,KhcMainmngay
quynTlnhKhngqunrichophicphngphobaylntrnkhngphnSiGnuyhipcclclngphncchmngvbiudngkh
thcchmngchoqunchng.HaingVnhLcvNguynVnTonkoqunvThitgiptVngTuvymtrchoBBinh.NhLun,Chu
VnTrung,LPhcSangvhiuhangayLcLngcBitcaLQuangTung.CcsquantrtrungonThitgipclpngayThiut
Thm Ngha Bi ri bit phi mt s thit gip v bo v cho BTng tham mu. Hai sinh vin qun y Phm Vn Lng v Nguyn Vn C cp
quynchhuytitrngQunY,phnphtvkhchomtnhmsinhvinngchnngct.itPhmNgcThovbcsNguynPhcQusau
419/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
quynchhuytitrngQunY,phnphtvkhchomtnhmsinhvinngchnngct.itPhmNgcThovbcsNguynPhcQusau
hailntncngmichimciphtthanhSiGn.n4gichiu,bcsQugiinthoichotixinchth,tiralnhchoQuphic
lihiutriuutincaHingQunNhnCchMng,igmclituynbldoquniphinglnltch,likugingDim
uhng,vlihasnsngchongDimxutngoi,vcuicngllihiutriuqucdnngboonktlmhuthunchocuccch
mngdoqunikhixng.Mtiulmtirtphnkhilchiuhm,itLmVnPhtcptctVngTuvthamgiacchmng,
cmqunnhvothnhCngHavtrittiunhngkhngccacctonqunthucLonLinBinhPhngVTngThngPhcntrung
thnhvichc.TimngvitPhtlmtsquanCnggiotngcanhemngDimhtscthngmntnnhim,tngcgiao
chonhngchcvquantrngnhSontrng,nhTnggimcBoAn,nhngPhtlngicngtrc,chonnngtakhngvlidanh
chulmtaysaichomtchmPhttnglnn.VicitPhtthamgiaochnhcngnilncichnhngharcrcaqunitrong
vicltch.
Vokhongnam,tngnhchomcanhtgiithotccnhmsinhvintranhu.NhmsinhvinnygmccanhinhThchBch,
TrnPhong,NguynST,NguynTngB,VVnL,TrnHuyBch,TrnhnhThng,v.v(hinHoaK)vringanhNguynHung,
(hinPhp)vmtsanhemkhcvactrtdo,vinBTngThammuvccctnglnhntip.Vagpchngti,hmngra
ncmt,mchmlychngtibiulnihnhoanvuimng.Hxcngngtrcmtchngti,nglicmnquninglngiithot
chohvchongbokhimtchbotnkmkp,rigicaotaythquyttmlmtrnsmnglchsvtrungthnhviHingQun
NhnCchMng.VictngHunhVnCao,TlnhQunkhu4uhng,vicitLmVnPhtthamdochnh,vicccsinhvintra
ngngmtnglnhlnhngkhchltinhthncaoquutincaqundnbanthngchochngti.
Cngvokhongnam,trdinhGiaLongcnnmtrongtayqunPhngVPhTngthng,ttcccqunontrntonqucvnhiunv
hontonnmdiskimsotcaqunicchmng.TiNhaTrangvKhnhHa,nicqunsngovnimasnhndntheo
Phtgio,itQuntrntrngNguynVnhXunnmvngngaytnhhnhnhshptcchtchcanhiusquanKhngqunvHiqun,
vnhhuthuntrungthnhcaTrungtmHunluynHSQuanngvtrungtmBitngQuntiDcM.TiLtngaychiuhm,
khitingsngbtunvangtiSiGn,TrungtTrnNgcHuyn,chhuytrngtrngVBQucGiavivthitqunlutvcngving
TrnVnPhc,ThtrngLt,lmchtnhhnh.RingtngThiQuangHong,chhuytrngihcQunsvQuntrntrngLt,
tuymangnilngcamtcngthnbvtchanhbvnhngtrcbinchuyncatnhhnh,ngtavivlnhmnhlnBanMThut.Tng
Hongbittrccucochnhthnocngxyranhngngtachmungithitrunglp.ngkhngmunchngngDimnhngcng
khngmunchnglicuccchmngkhimangtinghnhngngclngdn.itTnThtXng,mtcungvinCnLaolcbygi
lchhuytrngLcLngBitngQun,cngbittrccucochnhsxyranhngcng"khnngoan"nhtngHong,nggithi
trunglp.Mtngytrcbinc,ngmncithanhtracctrungtmhunluynBitngQunlnhmnh,trnhchongmthoncnh
khx.
Vokhong9gim,tivnphngcatngKhimnicchnlmbchhuy,tngDngVnMinh,vlnhtHingQunNhnCch
Mngbnhitngngi"aitheocchmngvaicntheongDim".Ttcuhoanhtrli"theocchmng"tritCaoVnVin,Tlnh
NhyD,trli:"Tilmtqunnhnklut,tikhnglmchnhtr,tichbittunlnhTngthngDim".
ngCaoVnVinthicnlTrungy(nm1953)cngtivNguynVnThiulmvictikhuchinHngYn,chngticoinhaunhbn
thn.CaoVnVinlngitnitronglcThiuvtihaytholunchnhtrvthith.Nm1958,VincTngthngDimavdinhcLp
gichcThammutrngBitBthaytngNguynVnLccgichcTngGimcCngAn.Cuinm1960,nhnbincNhyDxy
ra,VinmcdthucBBinhnhngcngDimthngitvcchhuyLonNhyDthayit"phnlon"NguynChnhThitrn
quaCaoMintnnchnhtr.Tuynhin,tronglcngCaoVnVinchcgnghnhxnhimvcamtqunnhnthbCaoVnVin,cngnh
bNguynVnL,lilnhngphunhnthchhotngchnhtr,thchniting.Haibulnhnvincaocptrong"PhongTroPhNLin
i"cabNhuvcngtcclcvinhtPhunhn.BLlicnlthnhvinca"LcLngPhNBnQunS",lthinxshaibn
420/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
i"cabNhuvcngtcclcvinhtPhunhn.BLlicnlthnhvinca"LcLngPhNBnQunS",lthinxshaibn
cnhthinxsmtNgnhLThy,incangbCvn.QuamnnhtuyntruyncaBThngTin,dncnc,hngtunuc
chimngngdungnhancLThyvbLthiuatcx,thiuabnbongbng,tpthaodinquns,tptcchin,nmcnhcclchumai
ti"chintrngThNgh"cathnhphSiGnGianh.DichDim,tronghngtnglnhcbabTngthuchng"nbdcmy
tay"lbThiQuangHong,dmukhuvibNhusaungyochnhNhyD,cnbNguynVnLvbCaoVnVinlnhngphn
thuchng"gingoanlmquanchochng".
KhnnikhiitCaoVnVintthitrungthnhviTngthngDimthnhiusquancpTthucLcLngNhyDliinthoivB
TngthammuhoannghnhcchmngvxintdiquyniungcaHingTngLnh.
n10gim,tngDngVnMinhralnhchottccctngtcmttiBTngThammuxngdanhcphtthanhtrniSi
Gn.TheoiyTh,squantyvincnhtitrnvianhemngDim,thlcnghephtthanh,tmthaingDim,Nhuvcngrng
ng.ngNhubnhvminTyviHunhVnCaovquytnhbnhMTuynvtrntinhthChaTam.Lcbygi,ngDimni
vingNhu:"Chnncnhti,vchiringthhsgit".CunicangDimbiulscmnhncithtuytcngvsthtbikhngti
nocuvncna.ivicctngDngVnMinh,LVnKim,MaiHuXun,PhmXunChiuthvichchnginglvicttnhin,
nhngngkhngngtonthnhngngimtthitrungthnhving,ccnglaotolnphtngtrongbckhkhn,trongnhngnm
ucachcbitlnhngsquanquminTrungcnguquytlitchngling.ngcngunhngtngtnhNguynNgcL,L
VnNghim,TnThtnh,Mu,NguynVnChun,NguynKhng,NguynVnThiu,TrnNgcHuyn,v.vcnguthamgiacchmng.
NhngngidnsthnnhtcangnhcTrnVnChng,linhmcCaoVnLun,bcsTrnKimTuynuchngling,VVnHi
cngbring,naylinccqunnhnthnthit,tncnungthanhltngththtsngkhngcnbmvuvoucna.ng
CnLao,PhongTroCchMngQucGia,ThanhNinCngHa,LcLngcBit,PhNLini,QucHiGiaN,LcLngMtV,
nhngconbidominocangtanbintrccnlccchmngcatonqun,tondn.ClvthmngmunnnhthChaTam,mt
lncui,alicunguynviCha.Gnminmquangtrtrntncquhng,saumibidinvnmibcthngip,nglunlunxin
Thngbanphplnhchothnthavngvgianhngcvngnhbnthch,ngcngu"phplkhngnhailn",ngcng
uThngchcngvtnhThnhKinhdy:"Aigieogithgtbo".
TrongtcphmnghincunitingVietcongkliqutrnhminmcachnhquynNgnhDim,hcgiDouglasPikekhicpnnm
cuicngcachDim,vitrng:
Thng5nm1963,bincPhtgiobngnHu,nthngbythsinhvinhcsinhnhpcucutranh.Lcu,chmisinhvinihc,sau
lndnnhcsinhtrunghcrichcsinhtiuhccngxungng.Tthng8nthng11nm1963,ccsquanchhuyccnvcng
nhccsquantrcngmmuchngich,mtchmtluhxemnhkhngcnclinhnavbtmnbinhiuldo(chng
hnnhldocanthipchnhtrvocccuchnhqun,nhsthngthngbtcng).Cuicng,ntnglnhvcBtngthammu,m
trcmtxhibnghoi,minginhmtumunltchnnikhngcnmtvtngnomuncuvtngDimna.Cuco
chnh(coupdetat),nungitamundngtngnincucltchDim,thtraphigil"sspcachDim"thng
hn,xyrangy1thng11nm1963.
Stchrivichcaccsquanchngithtract1955vkhngmyaitinrngchDimcthnguniviCngSnvi
phnivinhngsquanctinhthnchngi.Ccgiophivtrangbvhiuhabivkhngmtchnhphnocththathtnhtrng
nhiuqucgiatrongmtqucgia.Tuynhin,saukhitiudith,ngDimnglphicthigianvkhochhngn,onkt.Tronggnmi
ngiVitNamNamVitthcmtngicagiophi,chonnvicgychohtrthnhilpvnhvinlviclmkhngthtngtng
c,nhngngDimlikhngbaogicthithnthinivih.Mtngikhnngoancthlikocmtphnccgiophivcngc
thcmhacnhngngitrthcnhccchnhphsauDimlm.Sbtcngtrongchngtrnhcicchrungt,vspdngkhc
421/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thcmhacnhngngitrthcnhccchnhphsauDimlm.Sbtcngtrongchngtrnhcicchrungt,vspdngkhc
nghitolut10/59nglcthsachacnhngngDimlikhnglmvngDimkhngmunlmmtavnhngtaysaitrungthnh
camnh.Khngmtnhlnhonolinpnhnglnhtchnhtr,msgiamcmbcsPhanQuangnnm1960,mtnhnvtilp
cngkhai,cllcaoimkhngcnlmxoaychuynninnctina.Sbtmncadnchngcnggiatng(ckhchngthmbiMt
TrnGiiPhng)trongvnxydngpChinLc,vsauny,trongbincPhtgio.
Saumng8thng5,tonthqucgianhngnlabcchy:tngsPhtgiotthiu,sinhvinxungng,binhschngnhngtchinp
cccucbiutnhmlicnkhuynkhchccngibiutnh.Cnauxhilantrnnhmtcnhngbcla.SiGn,trongnhngngycui
cngcangDim,lmtthnhphkinhkhng.Ngitacmthynhangchngkincmtkintrcxhitanrnhnhngsichvn.Ngi
MchngkinmtcchbtlcvkinhhongcnhtngngDimangxtanhoangxhiVitNammtcchhuhiuhncCngSn.l
thnh tch hu hiu nht ca c mt i hot ng ca ng Dim. (The social pathology spread like a prairie on fire. Saigon, those lasts days of
Diem, was an incredible place. One felt that one was witnessing an entire social structure coming apart at the seams. In horror,Americans helpless
watchedDiemtearapartthefabricofVietnamesesocietymoreeffectivelythanthecommunistshadeverbeenabletodo.Itwasthemostefficientactof
hisentirecareer)3.
BctranhminNamVitNamvonm1963tuychchcgiDouglasPikechmphnsnhnglmnibtcmtcchyv
chnhxccithcachDimvonhngthngcuicng.ChonnDouglasPikeningkhingvitrng:"Ttctnglnhnhmt,khng
aicnchnhngcungDimna".
HunhVnCao,vtng"connui"cangDimcncbasontrongtay,cnccmtgiangsnrnglngmvngTinGiang,HuGiang,
thmchminam11163viuhngCchMng,thnguyntrungthnhviHingCchMngthhicnaidmccung
Dimna.
Tuyvy,khitingsngochnhmibtunsng,anhemngDimtngrngchcmtnhmqunnhnnilnphnlon,vngtngc
thtidinctr"giquntrungthnhvcugi"nhhainmvtrc(111160),dongipcngrnviisCabotLodgenh
sau:
ngDim:"MtnhmbinhsphnlonkhisochnhvythicachnhphHoaKnhthno?"
ngLodge:"Bygil4gi30sngtiHoaThnhn,tikhngththamkhokincachnhphtivolcny.Tilylmlongichoanninh
cnhncaTngthngTimuntrnhbyviTngthngvthinchcachnhphHoaKlTngthngcthnntrtitdinhcati.Ti
cththuxpTngthngcthrakhinc.Ccvtnglnhhavitilhsthamnnhvy."
ngDim:"Tishnhxtheotrchnhimvlngtricati,tiscgnglplitrtt".4
NutiSiGnngDimchquanvkhngnmvngtnhhnhthtiM,bNhucngchquanvkiucng.Chiu11163,khicuccchmngti
SiGnangtrnthnglithtiLosAngeles,trongmtcucphngvncaboch,bNhuvnquytlitchorngcucochnhkhngbao
githnhcng,btanhnmnhnbaln"never,never,never"5.
NichuynviisCabotLodgexong,haingDimNhubtuxunghm,mtphoiditviytinnghivctrangby
mymctruyntinvinlinccmnhcthlinlccvicctnh.Cihmximngctstscchngnibom500cnAnhnycxy
ctdisndinhGiaLongsauvhaiphicngQuc,CnmbomdinhcLpvothngHainm1962.
422/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ctdisndinhGiaLongsauvhaiphicngQuc,CnmbomdinhcLpvothngHainm1962.
NhngnuVnLTrngThnhkhngbovcdnghTnThyHongthcihmdinhGiaLonglmsaocthchngchinilngcm
phnttcaqundnminNamVitNam.Chonnkhiantontronghmknri,vsaukhinichuynvitngnvokhongbagichiu
ngy111,anhemngDimmiidinviscnvsthtbtukhips.ngkhngngtonthqunionktvhptcvi
tnglnhltch.ngbndungtgitngnmicctnglnhndinhGiaLongbnchuyndnxp,ngcnghavitng
nlsthamnminguynvngcatnglnh.Nhngkinhnghimvici"btthnhtn"canhNhoNginhDim,kinhnghimTrungt
VngVnngbngDimlanm1960,inocplnhoCchmng1/11/63cnmcmungDim,hungglptrngcatnglnh
lnhtnhinthnhcngkhngchuthngthuyt.TngnnhclichongDimnhrngbaolncctnglnhtrnhbyvingv
tnhhnhnguyngpcatncchyucungthayichnhschmngvnkhngnghe.Naythchcnsuhngviukin,vch
chongraiantonmthi.SautngnchosonhaicigingtiBTngthammuvvnngmtchicphiccaHoaKanhem
ngDimxutngoi.
Trcthicngquytcatngn,vtrongcnhcn,haingDimNhumithymitnhtonuhontonsp.Nhnquanhchc
CaoXunVlk,cnttcnhnvinvcnbuxalnhhtnnhaianhemngDimNhulidngdinhGiaLongchabbaovy,bnrai
vphaChLntrntinhHoakiuMTuyn,ngibnthntnglokinhtichoNgnhNhu.
Vokhong10gim,ngDimtnhMTuyngiinthoivTngthammuthctngDngVnMinhtrli.LcnyngDim
htginguyquyn,ngbnglngraichvimtiukinlcvinhdtinatheonghilquncch.TngMinhlidngchinngn
lnnchcangDimlcti,gianhtr,thamnhng,thintlmchoquhngnguybin,dnchngiulinh,vqunithttrntrc
lclngVitCngngycngthngli,ringMinhbcbliyucucangDim,chbnglngchongmthmraimthi.Clvtng
MinhdngnhnglilnngnnnngDimtcgintrchmctngMinhvclvthmsngmng2,tngMinhthayithikhng
cnkhoandungvingDimna.
Sngmng2,vokhong7gi,tonthtngtvncnngitrongvnphngtngKhim,tiangngitrcmttngKhimtibngiyngta
bnginthoireoln,tibnnhcmynghethngkialtingcaTh,chuti,nirng:"Thach,CvngCvnhinnhthCha
Tam,CbnglngraivyxintnglnhchoxexungnCvBTngThammu".TitrliTh:"cri,nhngchkhngcthmquyn,
chtraomylichotngKhimtrli",ritichuynmylichotngKhim.TngKhimniviTh:"cri,scxexungnCv
y".Nixong,tngKhimtrnhlichotngMinhbit.
Sau,vsutmthctrngphihpcctintrincanhnglclngcchmng,tivtngKhimvngtayngingtibntngKhim.
Chngtingsayntonthtnglnhrihtkhiphngkhinocngkhngbit,michonkhichunginthoireovang,haichngti
migitmnhthcdy.Khimbnboti:"Anhemgiitnuri,Muchytmxem".TibnquavnphngtngLVnT,nimsutm
tngMinhdnglmvnphngring,cngkhngthyainnkomncachnhththytonthtnglnhucmtngoibaoln.Timhn
cabcra,thymingiuimlngtrmt,tronglccuibaolntngDngVnMinh,tngLVnKim,MaiHuXunvitDng
NgcLmcnangththmbntn.BncnhtngMinh,ThiutDngHiuNgha,mtngviniVit,cmsngM16ngnhcbo
vchotngMinh.
Thykhngkhcvnghimtrng,tivihingay:"Ccanhlmgmngycvbmtth",tngTrnVnMinh(Minhnh)nggnytr
lirtnh:"AnhemangbnnhcchixvingDim,nngithaynnchongtaxutngoi".Tivinitochomingicngnghe:"Ti
khngngvicgitngDim,lccntrongvngbmt,tiniviTrungtngnlphichongDimrai,Trungtngnng
ri".TivanixongthtngNguynNgcL,mtvtngvnnitingkhoanha,ocnhttronghngtnglnhquayvphativcng
nitoln:"XinanhemngnghelianhMu,nhcthphinhchotnr".Tichtnhtrongmtrccngikchotingherng
423/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nitoln:"XinanhemngnghelianhMu,nhcthphinhchotnr".Tichtnhtrongmtrccngikchotingherng
tngPhmXunChiucngnicunhvy.ThykhngaiphnitngLmcvimlngng,tibcmnhbnnithm:"Victhahay
gitngDimlhnhnglchs,vymunthahaygitngtatinghphilyquytnhtihuquamtcucbphiukn,phighivobin
bnnghong".Ttcmingiimlngkhngcaitratnngkincati,cntngDngVnMinhthnhnvaitthibtmnviti.
Tibctcgitaycaolnvni:"Nukhngaingvitithtituynbkhngdnhlugnvicny,ccanhphichulytrchnhimtrc
lchs".RitikoTrungtNguynVnThin(chhuytrngThitgip)vTrungtLNguynKhang(hinLosAngeles)rakhinithpi
quansttnhhnhtitrungtmSiGn.
SautngMinhralnhchotngMaiHuXun,itDngNgcLm,ThiutDngHiuNghaviyNguynVnNhunginhaing
DimNhutinhthChaTam.
o0o
RiBTngThammu,trnngtrvtrungtmth,tigpnhiuonbiutnhcathanhninvsinhvinphtcvgicaobiung:
"Hoanhcchmngthnhcng","octiNgnhDim",v"Hoanhquni".Trongcconbiutnhcmtonrtngngido
lutsNguynTngB(hinSanJose)cmu,cmangthmcVitNamQucDnng.GngcngHngThpTTrnQuCp,
mtonbiutnhkhccasinhvinchnxetilirimitirakhixe,bngtilncaomhtokhuhiumngchinthngvcangitilmt
chinsanhhng.
VndinhGiaLong,tithyrtngdnchngvyquanhDinhtrnngpcmyconngvcngvintrcmt.Hreohmvchuyntr
vuivvibinhsThyQunLcChinangchimngngidinhthmtngy2721962tngtrngchouyquynbtkhxmphmcach
NgnhDim.
RidinhGiaLongvnh,khiiquagcngGiaLongHaiBTrng,tigplimtonsinhvinkhcmphnlnthuciHcVnKhoa.
SaukhipphbctngHaiBTrngdobNhudnglncngtrngMLinh,BnBchng,hnonhitkohaiciubngmhbo
lcahaimcon"mNhu".Nhngsinhvindnuonbiutnhtuynbskohaiciu"mconmNhu"nyikhpngphSiGncho
dnchngtdochibisv.
Trnngv,inuticngthydnchnggitr,lnb,traigitrnrakhpccnongmntvuimng,nimhnhoanvnixc
nghinrtrntngtingci,tngcuni.Htrchuynthnmtvtngquchobinhs,hhoanhcangiqunivhhchosthng
khoiotbcphtrangoi.
Thtvy,
"t7gisngngy2111963,khiiphtthanhSiGnbotindinhGiaLongbqunichimthgitrlnblltkonhauixem.Lihreo,
tingcivangviscdintivuicamingichngtsgiithotgngcmkmkpcactibpnghtlngdntrongchnnmtri
ngng6.
lnhnnhcabcsDngTnTi.VthisngHth:
"Nichip,nicmhnbnn,bvidpmtcchtnnhnbtcngtrong9nmtri,mtsmcgiithot,ccim,mphnngch
cchngythtngqunchngnhndnVitNamnm1963nycngtrahinlnhnhiulm,vcngbitthnch,tbitkmhm
424/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cchngythtngqunchngnhndnVitNamnm1963nycngtrahinlnhnhiulm,vcngbitthnch,tbitkmhm
scgindhunghncamnhri."("TiTpVitTingVit",NguynHinL,1988,tr.21).
CntheokgiNeilSheehan,ngitheodichintranhVitNammtcchsuscth:
"Lnutintronglchschintranh,dnchngSaigontphthoanhbinhsquniVNCH.Ccthiuntnghoa.Ngilntngbiavsoda.
Cc b mang tr v n ti cc cng vin v trng hc ni binh s ang tr ng" (For the first time in the history of the war, crowds in Saigon
spontaneouslycheeredARVNsoldiers.Girlsgavethembouquetsofflowers.Menbroughtthembeerandsoda.Womancarriedpotsofteaandfoodto
theparksandschoolswheretheywerebivouacked."ABrightShiningLie",tr.371)
Cngtrnhbyvnihnhoan,sungsngcanhndnSiGn,HilaireduBerriervitrng:
Ngy2910,ngNhuinthoikhuynvl"Nhtphunhnxummxuli"angSanFrancisconnntrngtiLosAngeles,vcng
chobitlngkhngthingKinhnbtanhhatrongcucinmhmtrc.VLosAngeles,bNhumlymyphtthanh
theoditintctiSiGnkhicucochnhxyra(mbtatrlichobochlcucochnhskhngbaogithnhcng).Nhngkhi
chcagianhbtablt,bkhcvlnnHoaKnghinntnhngnhlnhoqucgiavncdnchngVitNambuln.B
NhuthskhngbaogitchntrlitrntncHoaKnaricngcongilLThytrcchRome,ningianhcachngblGim
mcNgnhThcangtrng.Sau,bvPhpsngtinginhsangtrngngCharlesFloquet,connghpthitrangnhtcath
Paris.SiGnchcngichugilvcaTrnTrungDung,mtrchainmangiukhinmtnhhngntiParis,trchmc
ccngCusaokhngloliuxutngoitrci.BDungmthmchnctccngCuruttiPhNhun.Nhngngiluvongdich
Dim,trongcnhngnhnvttntuinhitNguynChnhThi,tngDngVnc,lnhtiVitNguynTnHon,sonsahi
hng.ngHunhSanhThngcngtbavgiostiihcdanhtingYalevnc.Tronglc,tiSiGn,dnchngvuimngnh
incung(deliriumofjoy)lmtanhlithParistrongngygiiphngkhicQucXtrnrangmkhiuv7.
Citnhcmutcvbnp,ricgiithotvbcphtrangoilgnukhngphilsthhinnhnbncamtthnhqucch
mng.nghathcscangy11163lgiithot.Trnmtlchs,nchmdtnhngbtccathvthikhaimmtdngsinhmnhmi
trnmtdntc,nchmdtmtgiaiontrtrventidntclitrvvichcnngchnhntncvtrnmtthii,nblisau
lngnhngkhunthclithisnsngrungngnhpnhngvinhngphttrinhngthngcatnglai.
Ngy11163vapngcnhucucalchs,vathamnccnguyncadntc,vabinthintheoquylutcathiinnc
ybnchtvtnhnngcamtngycchmng.Ngy,tonquntondncngmtlnglmtrnnhimvtrongtruynthngcchmng
VitNam,mttruynthngchyditngyHaiBTrngphtngncvngchngpbcngoixm,xuyndnglchsnhmtdngsui,
vminNamanhdngcathkthhaimi.
ChDimphispquylutcchmngVitNamcchngnghim.
ChDimphitiutantnayqundnminNamcthngngukhngthnvinonsng.
CuccchmngltchDimlktqutnghpvchungquytcanhiuscmnh,mscmnhlnnhtlscmphntchlytnhiu
nmcanhiungi.Chnnmcaitrlgnchnnmbotr,milmtriungbolgnmilmtriunnnhnqunivphongtrou
tranhcaPhtgiochlnhnglclngccduynvphngtinthihnhbnnmgn15triungbotuynntgn9nmqua.
425/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Chonnkhilmtrnnhimvvdnvnctrongnhngngyucathng11nm1963,qunicqunchngtintngvthngyu
n"HChMinhcngphicngnhnciuytnlnlaocatngMinhvHingQunNhnCchMng"8.VtiHNi,cplnhoCng
SnBcVitphithcrng:
"cctnglnhcnhndntintngtraotrnquynhnhvtinrnghclphngianhDimNhu,vnhnhxnhmtdngc
dbocachnhschM.HNillunmtcchngin:ailtchbnhnthkhngthlbnhnc.HNibitcuytnlnlao
cacctnglnhtrongqunchngtnhiunguntinkhcnhaukctbnphctrnhcati"9.
Tivnh,nmxungcchpmtblimtmthctrngcngthnghmquanhngvnkhngngcvnhnghnhnhsngngv
hnhoancadnchngSiGn.Bngichiu,tiquytnhtrliBTngThammu.Khixengngtrccngthchnh,tithymtchicthit
vnxauxotrnsnc,casaumtoang,tihihbcngnthyxchaingDimNhunmgiasnxe.
NhnthithngDimtisngsvkhngtinlsthc,lktqucaquytnhsnghmnaycacctnglnhsaukhiti,ThinvKhang
bv.Tingynrngrngncmtriataychovnhbitngilnhtcngtiktcthnhaiminmvtrc.Cngthngng
DimticngcmgintponCnLaoCngGiovnhngngianhemrutthtcang,vchnhhlmchongvtitanvmngbanu.
Rithingynaytithngkhcngnhngriy,maisau,10nm,100nm,300nmnathinhainginhlkhcthngti?
Vithigian,nhngtiliulchscnglccngnhiuvcngctnhthuytphcchngminhrngdnghNgnh,tcNgnhKhn
anhemngDim,utnglmtaysaiclcchoquanthcdnvHiTruyngioHingoiPhp.Sut10nmchintranh(19461954),trong
lctondnhysinhxngmuchocLpTQucbngphngthnyhayphngthkhc,thtonthgianhngDimchlmkithi
chsungrng,mthtbiinBinPhcaPhplilchichoringngtatrlichnhtrng.
Khngxutsinhnhmtanhhngtothithhaynhmtnhcchmngxthnvdnvnc,mchnhnhngcucvnngvingoibang
mngDimcnmchnhquynnhkc"ncsn"(chcangHSKhu,mtcngsvinccangDim)tkhiHipcGenve
rainm1954chonnm1963.
LmtchnhkhchmaymnhnttcnhngngikhccapheQucgia,khilncmquyngpcyut"Thinthi,ali,Nhnha",li
cicngqucHoaKymtrmimtchnhtr,quns,ngoigiao,kinht,xhi,tichnh,ngllchichongDimthchin
chnhschvnc,vdn:onKt,TDo,DnCh,PhcLi,thngvgianhlichtrngchcTi,Gianhtr,Tngiotrving
lipbc,bclt,thamnhng,khinhthngvchpnhndn.Nhiungitnglbnthn,tnglngch,cnb,nnhn,hoclnhnti
catncgipng,hysinhchongkhingcnsacthtthcngtrthnhnnnhncanghaykthcang.
Thri,nm1963,khianhemngxungtaytrithmttngiodntcc2000nmlchsvtnchim80%dns,khingbtlc,btti
choVitCngchimtrn85%thnxminNam(consdochnhmtcutnhtrngbconvingnura),thanhemnglimmubttayvi
HNi,vnhcyDeGaullebnngminNamchoCngsn,hnhngmmtlinhmcngiBbnthnvigianhnggilchtrng
"sautalcnHngthy".QuthtticcanhNgvchCnLaoCngGiokhngbtmcnotxitkhihatncnsuyvong
khngtinocuchaninhlitrchoncangNguynTrn,mtthuchccangtrongcunHik"CngvTi"micphthnhnm
1993tiHoaK.
Chnhculuts,cuNghsNguynVnChc,mttrthcCnggiocngvittrongcunschgil"VitNamChnhS"rng:
426/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChNgnhDimlmtchcon.CngkhngaichicirngNhtCngHacnhnglmdnglnghnhnhpnha.Vcti
cna.(tr.4849).
VngibnthncangChc,mtnhbotntuimcnglmttrthcCnggiolnginhTThccngaranhnxt:
Nhtrnhbynhiuln,tnhhnhtncnm1963titnmchunhmingiumongmunphicmtcuccchmngthay
ithith.("cHikMu",VnNghTinPhongs281).
Vcchmngxyrathtnhnhnxtcahinh.Nm1963,cchmngdotngDngVnMinhlnholtnhNgsaunhiuln
vnglnnhngthtbicacctchcqunsc,dnsc.Cchmngpngnguynvngcatondnnnisutbangylin,tth
SiGnnmtstnhth,nhndnxungngchomngcchmngthnhcngtrongvicltnhNg.
KgiHoaKNeilSheehancngphivit"SutcucchintranhVitNam,chamtlnnoquniqucgiacngbocahnhitlithoan
hnhcucltchNgnhDim."
Sthtcalchsrrngnhvy,thmngNguynVnChclidngnhngluniuhtsclmngnhcmcctngsPhtgio
utranhchossngcncatngiomnh,vnhcmcctnglnhthamdcchmng1963mcdsauny,chnhngChccngtng
lnghsdichcacctngNguynVnThiu,TrnThinKhim,v.vnhngtnglnhthamdtchccvocucltchDim.
Lchsthgiichothyrngmicucchnhbinnhmthayigiaicplnhocanhiutriui,nhiuchbngnhngcucbinhbin,o
chnhhaycchmng,v.vthnhngtchchnhskhngthnotrnhkhinhngvpvp,lilmtytheocngvbnchtcamibin
c.
Nm1963,vitnhhnhhtscphctp,vinhngnonhnthdochDimli,vischiarqutrmtrnggianhngtngiomin
Nam,cctnglnhVitNamdongDngVnMinhcmucngkhngtrnhkhinhngkhuytim,nhngsailm,nhnghnhngutr
haythiuthcchnhtr.nglnhphbnhlchsphiccinhnvt,phicnhngsosnh,ichiuccskinvbincnhngphn
xtccngminh,thngcli,ngNguynVnChcviucthinkin,bngluniuxoquyt,bngngntlmng,chbit"vchltm
su",chsitclmtchtrchcctnglnhmkhngcpgnnhnghuqudochDimli,vnlnguynnhnansailm
chonhmDngVnMinh.
LichtrchcangChcthnhiu,ytiarahaiimnngnnht,gaygtnht,lmngnhtphntchvichiutrongmcchqut
schnhngbibmdbnanglmvnctmgngSTht.
VcichtcangDim,ngChcvitnhsau:
Cngilinghimkhcphphnnhmtnglnhlmir.ngDimrauhngvisthathuncacctnglnh.ngDimphic
ixnhmtkuhng.NunhmtnglnhochnhkhngcoingDimlmtTngthnguhng,thtnhtnnccimthngv
phmcchcangiqunnhn"thngtrn"ixvimthngbinh.Cnglm,hcthangDimratancngltynghinhti.Ti
saoliphigitmtcchlnltvhnhnhvy?"Cutrlilnhngkkhngcchnhngha.Vvyphihnh,phigitln,phinidi,
phichitivtilnchonhau.("VitNamChnhS",tr.88).
Vnguyntc,tingvingChc:nhngkgitlnlnhngkhnh.NhngxinhilutsvnhchnhtrCnggioNguynVnChc:Ph
427/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Vnguyntc,tingvingChc:nhngkgitlnlnhngkhnh.NhngxinhilutsvnhchnhtrCnggioNguynVnChc:Ph
Tng thng Nguyn NgcTh theo lnh ng Dim i ku gi ng Ba Ct L Quang Vinh v ni chuyn thng thuyt u hng. Nhng ri ng L
QuangVinhblagt,bbtratanquns,bkttithnh.ngVinhxinnxnhngbTngthngDimbcn.Saukhithhnh,xcngL
QuangVinhkhngctrvchothnnhnchnctmbchtratngkhcemdukhngcnvttchgchodnHaHolpnth
cna.Theonglutphp,mtkhittibthhnh,xcphictrvchothnnhn,vicmlutsNguynVnChcphibitrhnai
ht.TisaoanhemngDim,nhngktxnglngoanokhngngtcukinhCha,nhngkcngotnvinhlNhophong,lKhng
Mnh,nhngktxnglChacathuytNhnVlibic,lihnh,lixungtaymtcchcc,tnbo,btnhnivimtchins
qucgia,mtanhhngchngCng,mttntrungkincamttngiodntc,chaitriutn?Thvitmahimcnhvy,vithon
tncnhvy,cchthnoiphvihaingDimNhucngchnhngc.
Trnmtutranhchnhtrcngnhtinhnhcchmng,pumtconrnc,drncbthnghaykhng,th"ln"hay"khngln"unn
lmc.Vchcktmlnghphimithngquahnhng"nhln"phnginhngsuydincamnhvmtbinclncaLchsv
DnTcychnhngha.
Saunm1975,lclngHaHoHingoiauthngchocichtoankhincangingocamnhvitli"VnBaCt"trntpch
ucTBi(s25,thng2/1987),tingnichnhthccalclng,dingibtcavTngthklclnglcsNguynLongThnhNam.Bi
bocngcnhiutpch,tunbo,nhtbokhcngtnhtrchngli.
Trongbibo,cngcuBinlLmLTrinhvnhtlngcuLutsTrnSnHuquychongDimlngiphichutrchnhimvci
chtcamtanhhngchngCngminTy.kttingDim,lutsHcnvit:"KhichnhtrxenvoTPhpthCnglinnrai",
riktlun:
NulcTngthngNgnhDimngvmctiuthngnhtqunimgitchtThiutngLQuangVinh,thhmnaytrongcngcuc
phcquc,vihtngcscaDnX,vikhnngvtinhthnchngCngcanmhngsay,tngLQuangVinh,nunhngcnsng,s
ngmtvaitrkhngnhvocngcuckhngchintiqucniquangphctnc,ichquyntrongtayCngsnlichoDnTc.
ngcuBinlLmLTrinhcngchobitkhnghiuldotisaoTngthngDimbcbnxinnx.Ngitacnbitkhiatinhnra
phptrngtiCnTh,TngthngDimcnchomtlinhmcitheolmlmcdLQuangVinhchxinbinlmtnhsmthi.
NgoiticivingBaCtLQuangVinh,anhemngDimcnnhngtayvomumtcchhn,khichogitln,khicholnhbxcvo
baobritrnncxungsngnhBnhiuchinsqucgia,nhiunhnvtchnhtryunctrongcnhngnnhncangDimnhlnh
tNguynBoTon,nhchinsTChDip.TisaongDimangngitrnHinPhp,trongmtqucgiaclutphpkcng,ccngan,
quni,mliralnhgitlnngiqucgia,licngiuxcccnnnhnkhngthngbochothnnhncahlovicchnctthcng.Ti
saomtTngthngcdnbulidnglutrngthtiumt,lntrnncdn?
Ldnhin,nucctnglnhchocnglxtingDimthngquaTannhtrnghpNgnhCnthvnhn.Vktqungvmt
lchscngskhngcgthayi.Cnngvmtchnhtr,nubitrchNgnhDimvinhngcngcchnhtrstmuvcngc
bolctnnhncan,nhtlnubitrtmalnhlng,tnhtnhcaongocaanhemhNg,thviclmcangDngVnMinhcthhiu
c.Cuicng,vyliuquantrngnht,phinhnthmkchnydinhsngtritlngphngvilutOanoantngbo,thmithy
vngDim,vngNhu,vngCnvxahnna,vngKh,tngxungtaygitln,hcnhiungi,kcnhngngivdnvnc,cho
nnngphitrcinmthi.HnhngcangMinhgipngDimgiicbaonhiuoannghitchodnghNgnhliutann
suygm.VnhngnginhngChc,vtheoThinChagio,licngphisuygmnhiuhnmibitc.
428/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VthhailvbatriubcmtngTrnVnnnhncaTrungtConeintrongngy1/11/1963.Vnychnhti,vthclngnhtnhmun
tmhiustht,nnnuratronghikcamnhchtvntngn.Vsau,trongHik"VitNamNhnChng",tngntrnhby
cnkstinkiacchiachoai(tngnvctiukhnghsdnggstinyc).Vdtilmtthnhvinquantrngtrongbinc
1/11/1963,ticngchnthnhnithngrngvictngnlystinbatriubccaCIAdstinchngnglbaovnlmtvttnhiu
nnghacacucCchmng1963.
NhngngNguynVnChcvitmahphicchplidngvbatriubcmtsttnglnhochnhmtcchtnt.ngChc
vit:
Cuctophnycthihnhbinhngtaysaibnx.Nhngknyngataynhntincangoibang.Vochnhxongrihchia
nhaustiny,mcdchngcbaonhiu.
Gil"cuctophn",ngChcxcnhnchnhquynNgnhDimdoCnggioM"bng"vlmtaysaibnxchochnhschchng
CngcaHoaKtingNam,thkhngaicphnlidchnhquyn"lnghnh,nhpnhavcticna"nhchnhngphphn.
T,ctunghNgnhDimnhnglsctingtrungthnyunc.
Vitrng"cthihnhbitaysaibnx",ngChcgianxogitrncmtcucvnnglchstrongmnchtcanmkhnglnnhng
nguynysuxakhccachnhtnhminNam,licngkhngmxancclclngtngio,ngphi,trthc,sinhvinkhcycn
phnncatondnlnncaoim,toiukinthunlichoQunidtimphtcuicng.Chmttrng,ngChcchthyngntaynn
suynghnngcn,vitlchgianhimlthy.Lichorng"ngataynhntinngoibang"lmnhchvibatriunglcthvnngrit
chccmtcuccchmngltnhNg.ChNgnhDimuc"r"th,vquantrnghnc,nhndnVitNamuc"r"th.Ch
Dim"ngatay"nhnbitbaonhiutincaMmcmuaclngdnu!Quthtvnlngi.Chmtcuvnngnmbclrar
rngvytmavtrnhcamtngi!
Micuccchmngukhngtthnhiuphicmu,mucatahaymucach,phicmuotihoacchmng.NgyCchmng1
111963cngkhngvtkhiquylutlchsnhngkhngctmmu,khngcnhngcuctrngphtkhclit.
Trong chn nm cm quyn, ch Dim th tiu mng sng ca bit bao nhiu ngi ca ng phi tn gio, n nhn, i lp chnh tr v c
nhngngidnlnhkhnglmhigchochngoitrcitikhcohoccchtttinca.Ttctictchlycqunbngch
vicichtcabaanhemDimNhuCn.Hchtvquylutlchsvcchmngmunth,hchtvlutnhnqunhntinmunth,h
chtkhngnhngvticcachnhhmcnntithaychotponCnLaoCngGiocngcckhngkmh,nhngsaunyli
clclngcchmngkhoanhng.
o0o
TrlivnphngcatngKhim,khiingangcnphngnhtLQuangTungvemlLQuangTriutihmqua,tichcnthymtmnh
ThangbgiamtinnbovintrungsquncnhchoThtdorav.Khimvtiangngikimimtnhhnhthcinthoibocho
bitbcsTrnKimTuyntHngKngvvhinangiphitrngTnSnNht.KhimlinbothiuyNguynBQuanglyxein.
BcsTuyntuynhnlnhlnngnnhimsmilAiCpnhngngchnBangkokthngngliingyochnhvngvntngk
hochchnngyQucKhnh(26101963).SaukhngtinBangkok,ngbnbayquaHngKngvsaukhichxcbitchcchDim
hontonsp,ngy2thng11ngtrvSiGn.Vagpchngtichakpchohi,ngningay"Thtlnhmnh".
429/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hontonsp,ngy2thng11ngtrvSiGn.Vagpchngtichakpchohi,ngningay"Thtlnhmnh".
nhmnhnoanbicucicangDimchonhngnmcuicngcachnhcuci,ccanhemnghnhxnhnhngtnbo
cha,mamaytheonhnghlybtnhn.nhmnhnothithcanhemngxungtayhcthvinnhn,vibnb,vicnhngcng
svinthntn.nhmnhnoyngDimlnlmnguynthqucgiaviquynhnhtuytianhemngtinhnhnhngchnhschtc
hikhngphichomtngimchocmtdntc.Vnhmnhnooannghityanhemngbcsuvovngbntilikhidngbolc
hyditmttngiochbitctnhthng,vdnggiankemnaphntcnlicadntcbnngchoCngSnminBc.
NungtrnsquanThinChagiothnhmnhchiulCha,vcichtcangDimlktquchungquytcanhngtkhc
ccdpththchmtrcChachong.Chamunthnnktquphilth.Ctbilitrvctbi!
GioloPhtnhncichtcaringngDimmtcchkhc.
Cichtththmvtinhcchlktqutnghpcanhngnhnduynvnghipchngtrinmin,mtphntnhiukipnhngcbitl
dotrongkipnygyra.Nhngcngnghipvtrduyntcngchungquanhchlmsuschnbnchtnhngviclmcangtronginy
mthi.ngtdolmchingthngphihontonchutrchnhimvnhnghqucan.Nhngcngtrongnhsngcagiolo
Phtthchtlgiithot,chtltrvvimtisngmitrongmt"thnti"mi.Thnxcvnccutobinhngtbovngvv
thng,chmthithmongmanhltrthnh"nhtimhngtrn".
Do,cichtcangDimtrongquanimPhtgiodginglTngthnghaylbocha,xemngl"lnhtanhminh"hay"tidntc",
cngcgitrnhcichtcabtkmtngibnhthngkhcmthi.Ckhcchngltrongchiudilchsvtrongchiurngnhnth,ng
litinhcvaubunchomtsnginotrongmtkhongthigianno.
Ringiviti,tuycichtcangDimlcbygiclmbnghongvemlichotimtmisuytsum,nhngcuccchmngthnh
cnglichotimtnimvinhdvcnglnlao.
NivvictithamdvocchmngltchDim,giosNguynNgcHuyvit:
Tnhhnhphedmuochnhhtscphctp.CrtnhiutchcchnginhNg.
MtsngitngtheoDimttrckhiDimnmchnhquynnm1954vtngnggpmtvaitrtchcctrongviccngcchnh
Nglcmibtu.NhnghdndntrthnhilpvbtmnvithivchngNhuvvhthyrciminguyhicachnhschnh
Ng.Nhmnygmmtsngidnsvquns.NhngnginibtnhttrongnhmnylBcsTrnKimTuynvitMu.n
thng9,Tuynbngvarakhinc,cnitMuvnchNgtintngchonkhiochnhxyra.
SaukhiTuyniri,nhmnycPhmNgcThovMulnho.LinlcgianhmvngiMthdoThomnhn,cnitMu
loliuviclinlcviccnhmVitNamkhc.
itMubitDimtnhngngyxaxakhicnchthcdn,thimDimcnlmtvtnhtrngtrtuiminTrungVitNamtronglc
MuphcvtronghngngBoAn.ngtarttrngDimvlmttrongsnhngcnbclcnhtgipDimnmcvcngcquyn
hnhvonhngnmthencht19541955.Tuynhin,tronglcngvinhNgvchnhschnpBnhXuynvccgiophithngtakhng
chpnhncthicanhNgiviccngqucgiakcu.ngtacoiVitNamQucDnngviVitnhnhngngiiqucv
hptcviccngnychngCnghnlchinuvihnhvikth.ngungnhanninhqunings,ngtacthgyhi
430/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hptcviccngnychngCnghnlchinuvihnhvikth.ngungnhanninhqunings,ngtacthgyhi
nngnchohthngngvinccngphiqucgiatrongquni,tuynhinngtachechchoccsquanthucccngphiqucgia
bngcchlmngccphctrnhbocovccsquanny.KhingtabtummuchnglichDim,ngtathnhcngtrongvicru
ngNhuchonphtcuicnghontonkhngbitgvthclccathnhphnchngitrongquni.10
NhclilicagiosNguynNgcHuy,mtnhnchngthicucnhth,mtnhnchngamhiurtrtnhhnhVitNam,mtnhnchng
nhiukinhnghimutranhvthcchnhtrcaocaphequcgia,nirngCchmng11163khngchlmtnitiphohngcatruyn
thngcchmngdntcmvphnticnlthhinmtsnghiptrnyvinhd.TihinthnchomtchsNgnhDimnhngti
khngchulmkngutrungchomtNgnhDimphnbiquhnggingni.
Vinhdcchmng11163nvitingaykhitingsngCchmngvan,khicthSiGnxungngchomngCchmngthnh
cng,khinhiutchcthanhninsinhvin,hngdngibiutnh"onhNg,hoanhquni,vhoanhitMu".Vinhdhnna
khingLPhcSang,idintngHaHoNguynGicNgcngvingNguynTngB,idingianhvnhoNguynTngTam,n
tnnhtlicangivcmntipcmtchphnbidntc.ngNguynTngBtngtibcchndungcavnhov
nhcchmngNguynTngTamvibttch:"itichclchsxtx.VicemccngilpraxtrlviclmmtncvtayCngSn.
TithymnhcngnhHaThngQungctthiulcnhconhngaichpmithtdodnch".
LnhtNguynTngTamquytnhquynsinhcnhcochvthcgicngbonglncantrngutranh.Cntiltch
ldnkhikh,nckhimt,tclmtmtnochutoncidichccchmngcavnhoNguynTngTam.Haihnhng,tuykhc
nhauvhnhthcvcchnhaugn4thng,nhngvnghathchlmt:lmmtngiVitNamyuncthngni.
Nhngvinhdchoticnlnlaohnnalsau1963,banmlin,cnchiumngmtthng11,ThngTaThchTmChulichthnn
nhringnglicmnccnggiithotgngcmchoPhtgioniringvdntcnichung,dNgilmtVintrngVinHaomti
chlmtPhtttmthng.
o0o
LtmtchnhchcngantrNgnhDimkhngphilchuynddng.ChDimvibmymtvvngvinCnLaom
lngtrungthnhtuychcxydngtrncquyncli,boqunbotr,nhnglinhittnhlmtaimtchochnhquynkhphuhtnv
quni,huhtcquancngquyn,huhtbphnsinhhotcaxhi,nhtlkhibdnvothcng.Nhntkhacnhkhoahctchcvso
snhtngquanlclng,mtrongyutbomtlquantrngnht,thtrongsutthikvnngvtchcngycchmng,haingNhu
Dimnmphnuthtuyti.
Hcnmcquananninhtnhbombnnivmtchm:NilCngAnCnhSt,AnNinhQuni,LcLngcBit,vSNghinCu
ChnhTr,cnchmlhthngngvinCnLaovccbphnmtvtnhbophthuc.Ttcnhthinlaavng,nhtaivchmchrng
baovylyccnhnsvhotngchngi.HcNgnhNhutuybtlctrongvicquntrqucgianhnglixutsctrongccmmuv
thontiuditilp,nhtlbnchtvnlnhlngvtnckhngmtchtdod.Hlicnhngcpthuchthihnhmnhlnhmtcch
mqungvcnhngphngtincaqucgiamunsdng,muntiuxibaonhiucngc.
Trongkhithlclngcchmngchlmtsphihpcanhiutchcvonthphctp,tuycngchhngvmctiunhnglithius
ngnhtvnhnsvthngnhtvkhoch.Hcnphilmvictrongmttinhthncnhgicquvsnituyncachnhquynvvb
tribuctrongtnhchtbthpphpnguyhimcacngtc.Thmcchmngvnthnhcng,ngy1thng11nm1963vnlmtngyhiln,
431/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tribuctrongtnhchtbthpphpnguyhimcacngtc.Thmcchmngvnthnhcng,ngy1thng11nm1963vnlmtngyhiln,
mtngyvngsontrongdngsinhmnhcchmngVitNam.
Sthnhcngrrngkhngphinhtchcgiihnhaylclngmnhhnmthtschnhbayut:thnhtlsngtmnhttr
cattcmitchchaycnhnthamgialclngcchmng,thhailsymtrtrctiphaygintip,tchcchaytiucccatonqun
tondnmcnguynchungltchctilcnguyncaonhtvlnnhtvthbalucchquan,tinhthnthiuthctvbn
cht cao ngo ca ng Ng nh Nhu, ngi ch trng mt k hoch o chnh gi tiu dit cuc "o chnh" tht. Nhng bao trm ln trn
nhngyutthunlidnhinlnhcuccchmngcphtnghplngdn,hpthiivhpvitruynthngcchmng.V
miliungknht.
o0o
Tuynhin,trongtonbtintrnhvnngcchmngltchNgnhDim,lclngcchmngcngphiidinvgiiquythaivn
phctpvtnh,lvn"ngiCnggio"vvn"ngiHoaK".
Nhnlilchscnitathy:
dsaothstngquangiagiohiCnggioVitNamvchnhquynHChMinhcngngiaionkhkhnnguyhimtrckhinh
Nglncmquyn.Tronglc,khithahipvichBoi,ngiCnggiokhngdodchtno,vhtchorngnukhngchth
chBoichnhmtcigtpnhamvhnmmingyhcngtoborngbucchBoivongliclichohtrongcccuc
tranhchpgiangiqucgia.
Ngcli,ivinhNg,hlnhngkchinthngkhngaicthlmlnc.RtnhiungiCnggioVitNamllunmtcchququyt
rngphicshonhpgiagioquynvthquyn.GimmcNgnhThc,ngianhrutcangTngthngmvonhngnmcuica
ch,thngigingo(Tournespastorales)bngsnglinthanh,ngimTaThnhLaMdhimuncngkhnngoanbtrikhi
giophnvolclngcmthkhngkhipcadnchngntungchnglingta,cngngomnnulncinhimv"bovqucgia"ca
Cnggio(ProtecteurdelEtat).Nm1964,nhiulinhmctiHuchotibittrongthigiantrckhiNgnhThclnngiLaM,c
nhiutchctiminTrungmmuchngibngbongtrcstnbovlngquyncaThcvCn.
Nitmli,cucdicca700.000giodnminBcvLinkhu4tnglmrngngdlunthgiiCngGio,tunvoNammtmngi
cungtnkhngchuhinhpvidnaphng.NgiCnggiominNamc(Cochinchinois)thkhngmunghnlcsngbnhanchung
quanhgiong,lcynnilmlvcunguyn,xalnhnhngchuynxyrangoihocah.NhngngiCngGioBcdicthli
mqungtheolnhcclinhmc,mnhnglinhmcnylilnhng"chuynvinxchng"(meneurs)btchphthnggiohi,tchcnhng
cucbiutnh,nhnghiphi,xigicconchinchngiPhtgio,chngiCngSn,chngingoinhndichiubi"ThinChagio"
nhnglithiugiohnh(Letoutsousletiquettechrtiennemaisdansunespritassezpeureligieux).Hnggiophmcaocpthliphnhav
rtrkhngmuncanthipvoviclmcagiodndic,nhngkkhnnnvlmli.
TrnngiBinHa,cchthkhngti30cys,ngitathydnglnmtcibngthtl:"BiChu".L,vltncamttronghaigio
phnBcVittngnitingvonm52,thimccngchaxydocGimmcLHuTdnu,tchcnhngtondnvthuc
li"chouannerie"VitNamchngliVitMinh.Hainmsau,giodnBiChurtvominNamtrongnhngiukinckhithtththm,vtrn
nhngchicgheccTaThnhVaticanbayphtphintnhngbnbminBchxincttctiminNamtrph,minNamc
ngDimvtrangchngliCngSn.
432/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tiy,"BiChumi"cbaobcbinhngthnhlykincnhcctribinhLaMtrthnhnhng"pchinlc".Mtslngcbng
hntminBcvo,ypdnBcdic,baoquanhSiGnnhmtvngailmnhchmtvnymuntrangbchoThmtciogip
stccutobngmtsdncthucloithkhngitrichungviCngSn,mtloiqunchngcc"Cnggiochinu"ddnnht.
KhngphitiVitNammngitacthtmthycnhngtiliuvitthmmtcunschmivci"TrtuVtbc"caCnggio.Lm
saomcitnhchtbaroquecathk17cthblaihanth?PhtDimvBiChu(trckia),ccgiongvnlntnhngtha
rungthcngicntquphihocllng.Tiy,khicthinvvngtgiuchn,rakhicikhngkhththmcaminBc,cc
giongyphainhtthnhnhnghnhththtthlng.Tuynhin,takhngnnmtiuviunyvkhitathytphpngoquanh
ccgiongylccgiodnmcen,nhngtngymbaoquanhccchaxtommcah,thtaphitinrnghkhngnghlhli
phidicthmmtlnnavcichtcangDim.TakhngthbitchccphnngcanhngcngngCnggiongoithnhth
no,nhngcngngbtlittrongmtthiphnilngl.TuynhintiSiGn,nhngngicthmquynnilntingnicagiodn
thlikhngchegiurngsspcachDimtonnmtniloutrmtrngtrongnhiugiigiodn.Ccgiinyvnkhcbitnhau
vxuhngcngnhvkhuvcad.
Nhngklolngnht,nghalnhngkbnghongnhtvvthtiuvcuTngthng,chcchnlnhngngiBcCnggiodicmtngs
khong3/4triu,trntngsmttriuhaitrmngndnCnggiotiminNam.Trongchindchcunncanm1954,dchnhNg
thamgiacnhiuhayt,thnhngngiBcCnggiodiccngxemchnynhnnhnntiphtrongcnhonnn,domh
gilngbitnivich.Sthiukhoandungvchtrngphephicachkhnglmphinlngnhmdnny,vhvncnhng
nhtruyngiomphnlnlngiYPhaNhoviNhLandyd,nhngnhtruyngionycoivicchngCngnhmttniuvlmtl
dosngcn.TtnhinkhngphittcmingiCnggiominTrungumtlngtheoDim.ChungquanhlinhmcCaoVnLun,vVin
trngihcbgiinhimvothngSuvcgngbnhvcPhtgio,vmtsgiostrngThinHu(Providence),tathyhnhthnh
mtkhuynhhngtinb,rngri,vtuykhuynhhngnykhngchpnhnvicthtiuanhemngDimnhnglicoiscochungcach
nhmtsgiithot,nhbicciquynptvnnngtrnkhiCnggioVitNam.
Tuynhin,cchaNgnhThc,anhtrngcavTngthngvlTngGimmccaaphnHu,licscxydngmtkhuynhhng
khccnuidngbngnhngknimthttnbo.ivingta,ThinChagiochcthtntibngmtcucthnhchinthngtrc.ng
takhngngngnhclirngkhngymtthktrcy,dithiMinhMng,25ngngiodnbsthitrongvngny,vkhngti20
nmtrcy,cngnngiCnggiochttitnhQungNgithiVitMinhnidylnungtacthpttnhtrngbongthng
xuynltnhtrngknhchngngmngmchokhiCnggio.iunygiithchskhckhoicakhidnnysaukhiquynlccangichat
mti.
Chnh ti min Nam k c l ni m ngi Cng gio ni chung chp nhn s sp ca ch nh Ng. Trc ht v min Nam k c
(Cochinchine)lnimttngcluchuynmtcchtdonht,nimchnghaduytncphttrinmtcchtnhin,vcnglnim
skhoandungcphttrin.ngthi,cngtiminNamkc,TaKhmsTaThnh,TaTngGimmc,cGimmcNguynVn
Bnh,traccanmiuviquynlccangDimcbitlgichongDimngy16/6mtgicthnhumytinhthncachd
"Habnhtrnthgii"("PaceminTerris")cacGioHongvmtsidinchoccdngtunhcctusdngChaCuTh,vnhtl
dngaMinh,khngchegiuschtrchcahivichiuhngcnglccngcticamtchmcuicngchlmtchichoCng
gio.
Tuynhin,takhngthnhgiquthpsxcngdocichtththmcangDimgyratrongccgiinitrn.KhngphichvngDim
dkhngckinhnghimvmcdsthintcachvncknhtrng("Mtnhiquc,theocchringcangta",theolicaHCh
Minhmchngtitngghinhn),mchnhvbongtattlmtiulmchongiCnggiobtbnh,lmchohkhngtin,vlmchovic
433/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Minhmchngtitngghinhn),mchnhvbongtattlmtiulmchongiCnggiobtbnh,lmchohkhngtin,vlmchovic
gitngtakhngnhnglmthnhngtnc,vchmcnnhumvgiani.
Vvnttctra,vvliukhngaitin,chonncihuynthoimunrng"Tngthngvnchacht",cihuynthoiycnsng
mnhtrongmtsqunchngCnggio.VvymccTnglnhlyquytnhcngkhaihacchnhnhchngminhrnghuynthoi
sai,ngDimqucht.Vicchodlunbntnquthtkhngclichonhngngichinthng.
ChngtahylngnghemtlinhmcngiBcdngdpcamtnhvt,viimtxanhvntmtst,loi"chaxanhch"cbitca
phimnhM:"Ailkchutrchnhimvtnhtrngthmkhcny,vsthtbihontoncach,vsxaoxuynmgiohichngtaang
phinhnchu?Ai?Tixinhiquv?Cphilquni?Chnhquyn?NgiM?Xintharngkhng!ChnhnhngngiCnggiophignh
lytrchnhimy.ng,chnhnhngngiCnggio,tonbkhiCnggio.Aicnglocthng,loxuthi,mkhngaicgngtrnhng
cprtkhimnhnggipvicloliconthuyn,husasainhnglnghnhkhngchunicach.Aicngtrunghontonlnln
sgiucviThinChagio,strnggivigiaicp.Vvymbyginhthny,chisrahncaPhtgio,mtsrahncthtr
thnhbitnuVitCngthnhcngvhangcgngthnhcngtrongviclngonhngngPhtgio.Chngtakhngbitsasai
chucliciquynlccangDim.Bygiphixydnglitskhng,trnv,nuithcachngtagmn4/5dnxnycn
chochngtacthgixydng"11
TitrchdchmtphnonphntchcakgiJeanLacouturemtinghlphnnhyvtrungthcvaitrsailmvtrchnhimhon
toncangiCnggioVitNamdichDimcngnhtmtrngcahsaungyngDimcht.NgiCnggioNamkcvngiCng
giotinbthkhngmun,haymunnhngkhnghtlng,canginanhemngDim,cnngiCnggioBcdicvngiCnggiomin
Trung(trmtthius)thlinglavichnhschcaitrsailmcaanhemngDim.ChonndngDngVnMinhchnhxmtcchqu
khchkhiralnhgitngDimthcnbncatonbvnvnldokhiCnggioVitNamgintiphaytrctipyanhemngDimsa
vohsutili,chcahbspvanhemhbsthi.Nicchkhc,nguyndosuscnhtvtcngmnhmnhtgyrassp
cachDimvcichtcaanhemngtaldongiCnggio(nhtlngiCnggiodic)vdoGimmcNgnhThc.Vitny
tilinhnssngsutkhnngoancacGioHongPaulVIkhiNgibtNgnhThcphiraivouthng9nm1963,saukhiTa
Thnh nhn nh ng n c ti c ca anh em ng Dim trong chnh sch k th v n p tn gio, nht l sau v tn cng cha chin m
20/8/1963.(Theo"HaiMiNmQua"caonThmthctinnGimmcNgnhThckhinLaMkhngcphpbkincGio
Hong).VitnyticnglinhnTh,squantyvintrungthnhcaTngthngDim,mtachucati,tuykhngthcchnhtr
vkhngnmvngtnhhnhchungcaqucgianhngcngnhncmtsskinthctvnhnxtchnthcnhsau:
"ThicaTngthngDimlmchocChaThcnghmnhl"idinThincha"viTngthng.DichDim,khngphixoCng
gionocngnghc.VngayccKhmmngTaThnhVaticanSiGnmtilccngkhuyncoTngthngDim.Tuynhin,Tng
thngDimli.NunimtcchphphngthTngthngDimlngincChaThcqumc.cChaThcgpphnvovicay
TngthngDimnniannghcuicng".12
Dvy,mtmnhngNgnhThcvnchaphilthnhttoramtgiohiVitNamlnghnhvcaongo,licngkhngthtoramtgiai
cpVitNammichgmtontnCnggiosngtchrikhiichngVitNamtrnmtchnhtrcngnhxhi.Cngvy,9nmcu
idichDimchaludikhaisinhmtlclngkhuynhlothuhtsinhhotqucgiathngtngkintrc,khngchmikhu
vckinht,chnhtr,vnha,qucphngcaquhng.Phicmtyutnosuschn,mnhlithn,mbnchtvtcphongcangi
CnggioVitNamdi9nmcachDimchlcaoimcuicngmthi.Yut,nhtitrnhbytrongmtchngtrclsni
di,ctrongkhnggianlnthigian,citinhthngioiuvctncaTaThnhLaMtthiTrungcTyphngnmnhtVitNam,l
skhaithcnhngthahipnhpnhnggiathcdnv"HiTruynGioHiNgoi"trongchnhschxmthccaqucPhptgnhaithk
434/611
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skhaithcnhngthahipnhpnhnggiathcdnv"HiTruynGioHiNgoi"trongchnhschxmthccaqucPhptgnhaithk
trnquhngVitNam.
Yut,tnhiunmtrc,cphthinrahocbinhngkhunmtlchsvnhalnnhPhanBiChu,LngA,PhanKhoang,o
TrinhNht,hocbiikhiqunchngnhnnhcimlng.Nhnghinihn,yutcCngSnVitNamkhaidngtiminBc
dngsthtlchsnhmtvkhkhchnglngyunctrongnhngnmthngkhngchinvbygi.CntrongNam,dnhinyut
cnlrmtcchgaygthnvcngkhngthiungithccsthtlchs,nhngtrongcikhungcnhchnhtrminNamlcbygi,
hkhngmunnihockhngdmnira.
Phiichonnm1963,khislngquynvkiucngtchlytnhiunmlnnmccaonhthungbovtrngtrnkchphPht
gio,thvntngiomicdntcquytlitaratanlchs,viynnnhn,nhnchngvhscotrng.
Tngio,trongsutchiudilchsVitNam,tnhchonkhiThinChagiodunhpvoVitNam,chabaogilnguynycanhngtranh
chpvkhnghong.Nhngvonm1963,khichxngngycchmng1963,mtssquancthcchnhtrthynhngphctpvtnh
cavnngiCnggio(nhtl"CngGioCnLao"taysaicaDimNhu)trongvsaukhiphtngngycchmng.VltchDim
khngphichllyinhngcquynclicakhiCnggiomcnthvotthnglavingDim,vquantrnghnc,lth
vlingvtrcamtbphnkhimnhngcadntc,mtvtrmtgnmtthkquahdavothlcngoibanghoctaysaica
ngoibangchib.
Tuycthccvincnhkhkhnnhngtintngmnhlitvohnhngychnhngha,tintngvohuthunngocangbo
cnc,chonnmtsngichxngngycchmng1/11/63vnquyttmtinhnhviclmcamnhdbitrngviclmcgycmth
vbunhnchomtthiushphivcungtn.Vli,ltchkhngnhnglchmdttnhtrngbtcngvbtccamtxhithoib
mcnchnngcmmuthahipviCngSncanhngklnhoch,vvy,mtmtno,ymtrcholptrngchnhtr
cangiCnggio,vnchoCngSnlkthSatankhngitrichung.
Lchsdntcbmtntchnthphithonratinha,tnhcmdntcbxcphmthphihagiinitmlicitnhthahirt
truynthngcadntc.NgiCnggioVitNamlmtbphncadntc,hcthkhngnhnthyvkhngngvcinhncchmng
saungy11163vnhngxcngnhtthisaucichtcangDim,nhng20nmsau,vlinirutthtngbovvthmtrng30475,h
hnlphithyvhiuhnaiht,khngphioicngchuctimcnchunbchongyvtcquxatrongvngtayuicadn
tc.Cnnuhvnkhngthycthtih,dntckhngthgiphmmtlnhncna.
o0o
Vnphctpvtnhthhail"yutngiM".Nhtitrnhbytrongmtchngtrc,mcdrtthtvngvichDimnhngchnh
quynHoaKchbitchiuchung,khuyncovcgngsachamthi,khngkhcgtrnghpTngthngReagan20nmsauchu
ngvkhuyncovchngnhctithamnhngMarcos(PhiLutTn)bngcchvntiptcvintrnhngvnbmtkhuynco.Thtvy,
khigingCabotLodgequaVitNamthayisNolting,mcchnguynycaTngthngKennedychnhmlmplcTngthngDimphi
cicchchchotrongschvchiunnghnmthi.NuTngthngKennedymunochnhngDimthkhnginomimtkhun
mtchnhtrclnnhngLodge,hungchingLodgethucngCngHa(cthtcommucangKennedyvngDnChkhihai
ngcnhngtranhchpnhtrongcccucbucchnghn).NungLodgenSiGnchochnhngDimthchcchnngkhng
baoginhnlilmistiVitNamCngHa.NgiMchoncuithng101963vnmongdngngoigiaovchnhtrgiiquytcuc
khnghongcachnhphNgnhDim,vicmtistrnhbyrsauy.
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Sauvtncngchachinm20863,TngthngKennedybtucthyucungDimphiangNhurancngoi,nhngngDim
khngchuvHoaKcngnhbtaykhngcgiiphpnohn.(Xinlurngtunm1963,mmubttayviHNicaanhemng
Dimtintrinkhsuri.Ttmlch1963,HNitngngDimmtcnhovcngDimhnhoanchotrngbytidinhGiaLong).
Chonngy29101963,ngCabotLodgevnchabitthiimphtngcchmngchcn48tingnghna,nnvnhyvngvonlc
thuytphcngDimchongNhuxutngoigiihnnhngvvnhngolnnucmtcucchnhbinxyra.
ngLodgenVitNamvimtnhimvrtrrngvkhkhnltonnhchkhnggyrilon.ChnhschcaHoaKlcbygiivi
VitNamcngltnghiunngchinuchngCngmiukintinquytlkhnngvnngtonbscmnhminNamcacplnho
VitNamCngHa.ngLodgegnnhctonquynquytnhvnhngnhnnhnggivchotaBchccngnhBNgoiGiaoHoaK
uccuxtmtcchnghimchnh.
TrckhiisuhnvovaitrcangLodge,tixincvihngghilivnhnvtngoiquccmtthilinhnvnmnhncta,v
thyCabotLodgelmtchnhtrgiacnmt,hnhsvinhngsuytnhclichoVitNamvMchkhngphilmtnginngni.
Ttcbtuvongy18thnggingnm1963timtCulcbHiqunHoaK,khiTngthngKennedynhitngChesterCliftonthmd
xemngCabotLodgecchpnhnilmisncngoikhng?ngLodgetrli:"Ticnghnghip,tikhngcntmviclmnhngnu
cninokhkhnmkinhnghimcaticthhuchchotncthtisungsngchpnhn".uthng6nm,TngthngKennedymi
ngvotaBchcvchthnyucungLodgegichcistiVitNamCngHa.ngplirng:"NuTngthngcnthdnhintis
snsng,nhngtrchttiphihikinnhtivcuTngthngEisenhower,vlnhtngCngHa".
Mc du trc , chnh quyn Dn Ch Kennedy tng mi nhng nhn vt Cng Ha tham chnh nh MacNamara (B trng Quc phng),
DouglasDillon(BtrngNgnkh),JohnMcCone(GimcTrungngTnhbo)nhnglnnghnybnhiulnhtngCngHaphn
ivsphctpvphiulucanhimsmi.ChcEisenhowerltnngvkhenngiskhnkho,khongtcaKennedy.
Ngy18/6/1963,ngLodgechnhthctrlichpthunnhimvminy.
"i s Henry Cabot Lodge thuc mt gia nh vng tc ca nc M. Thn ph ng l mt thi s ni ting, bn thn vi Tng thng Theodore
Roosevelt.Ngaytthithu,ngLodgethngncmtitaBchcvchithnviccchucaTngthngAdams,ithmnhng
nhn vt ni ting nh Edith Wharton Paris v Henri James Anh Quc. ng Calvin Coolidge, thi cha lm Tng thng, n din thuyt ti
trngngLodgengyngthiTti.Vsauny,khingtrthnhmtkgitrcatboHeraldTribune,TngthngCoolidgemingtham
dbuiticvianhhngLindbergh.NitcangLodgelmtNghsngCngHailpviTngthngDnChWilsonnhnglilngixy
dngchongHardingtrthnhTngthng.
CabotLodgetnglmNghsnhngkhithchinthhaibngn,ngtginghtrngvxingianhpvobinhchngthitgipritrthnh
ngivitngPaulHarkinsmstnhclchsaychaingsaunycngphcvtiVitNamthiTngthngDim.VicngLodge
gianhpqunicchinulmchocTngthngRooseveltlnThtngChurchillhtsccangi.Cucibinhnghipngnngivi
chcTrungtanglnnavTrungtngtrbvtrthnhbnthncadanhtngNorstad,TlnhQuningminhtiuChu.
ngthngcminNgGicivccculcbsquannghethuyttrnhvtnhhnhquns,mcdngkhngcntrongquni
na.
Sauthchinthhai,ngtrlihotngchnhtrvccNghs.Nhngkhiratingclnna,ghNghscangliltvtayngJohn
KennedyvkhigichcChtchyBanTrungngVnngBuCchoTngthngEisenhower,ngtraqukhch.
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KennedyvkhigichcChtchyBanTrungngVnngBuCchoTngthngEisenhower,ngtraqukhch.
Tronggn10nmgichcisMtiLinHipQuc,ngthngchngigaygtvinisNgaS,nhngkhiThtngKhrushchevving
thmHoaKthCabotLodgelilmngihngdn.TngthngLyndonJohnsontnvinhCabotLodgelmtnhchnhtrhontonbtvli.
CnGeorgeMarshall,itngkimchnhtrgia,cngcangi:"HkhinoqucgiacnnmtngithngiphilHenryCabotLodge".
CuciHenryCabotLodgettrngilmtcucichangnhiuhotng,nhiubinc,nhiubtng,Cucivnsngmivi
lchstronghuyhong".13
isHenryCabotLodgelmtchnhtrgiatntuicancM.ngkinhquanhiubcthangchinu:tmtnhbonmtchinsti
chintrng,tmtNghstrongchnhtrngnidinchoqucgiacangtiLinHipQuc,vnhtlvaitrthitkranhngchnhsch
quantrngchongCngHa.avnongcngthnhcng,vti"vnglyVitNam"ngthamdvomtbinclmchuynnglchs
cMlnVit.
Nm1963,mtthngsaukhltchDim,ngbCabotLodgennhtingGiaLongthmvingvchngchngtivyucu
chpchungmttmhnhlmknim.Trongbuigpg,ngisvtinlibincvaquacngnhauvaticvatrchngDim
ttnhnhtrnnnc,cnhnglinidtkhotquytlitchnglilnhtCngSnHChMinhmsaulingheliemthahip
vingHChMinhphnbicVitNamlnM.
Nm1964,vokhongthngBa,khitigichcPhThtngctrchVnHaXHivLaongtrongchnhphNguynKhnh,isLodge
trlithmtitivnphng.Tivingtholungnnmtingnghkimimtnhhnhchnhtrvquns.Trongcucgpgny,
tidnghnhnh"Thngintchthyhinkhan"canngthnVitNamnghvingmtkhochchnngsxmnhpcaqun
CngSnBcVitvominNammihyvngvnhivxydngcscmnhcaVitNamCngHa.nglylmthchthchmchngheti
trnhbykhochthitlpmt"phngtuyn"chyditbbinNamHilnnbingiiLoVit,songsongviqucls9ngnchnsxm
nhpcaqunBcVit.ixahn,tinghphivnngvichnhphLokodichintuynytrnlnhthLohuctngangngmn
HChMinh,cnphabin,phisdngtialclngHiQunVitMhnhpkimsotbbin,tnhtltNngraQungTr.Tini
rng"dtthtncrungdimrungtrncotvothkhngbaogigiiquytctrnchintranhtiminNam."Tiaranhng
dnchngngTy,CKimthuytphcng:TrngLngtngsnochnngsxmnhpcaqunHngVvngnnga
nhongcanhngqunscucchbimuntrnvTrungNguynKhngDuynhdyniKSngivngTXuynmtthigian
khdichngqunTM.ChinlyMaginotbucquncQucXphitinvphaHaLanmivoctPhp.Chintuyn38
ngnchnvptanmicaqunBcHntncngNamHn.VKhrushchevphixy"BctngNhc"chnlnsngtnncadn
ngctrnquaTyBLinh.isCabotLodgecngnhnnhngtrnhbychinlccatilhplvhastholunviccnhlm
chnhschtiHoaThnhn.NgyngtgiVitNam,tivitmtbibotrnt"Sng"caChuTtinbitngvnhclilinghlp
PhngTuynBnHi.KhngbitisLodgecbnbcgvichnhphnghaykhng,nhngmynmsau(1968)mtphngtuync
thit lp ng nh li ti ngh v c gi l "Chin tuyn MacNamara". (Nm 19691970, trong kha II ca lp Cao ng Quc phng, i
tngCaoVnVincngnghlp"PhngtuynBnHi").Ticthay,khiHoaKxydngphngtuynnythchinsvcngsing,phng
tuynMacNamarachxyc28cysrinhphibd.
NgyisCabotLodgehihng,chnhphNguynKhnhtholunvictngchongmtmnquknim.Saumthibnbc,tingh
tngchoischickhnngvchicogm,mtlunimcmuscngphng.nghnycHingChnhphthchthchpthun
riThTngNguynKhnhnghnnthmsuch"CngdndanhdVitNam"chohpvimnquchickhnenvtmogm.Trongtc
phm"HaiMiNmQua",onThmcnhclirng:"Ngy28thng6nm1964,isCabotLodgevM.KhiriSiGn,ngbnogm,
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phm"HaiMiNmQua",onThmcnhclirng:"Ngy28thng6nm1964,isCabotLodgevM.KhiriSiGn,ngbnogm,
chtkhnxpchngvnngitinaphitrngTnSnNhtvicVitMlalit,ccTngNivrtngsinhvin".
SaukhiminNamrivotayCngSn,tivtbinnThiLanngy6/5/75vxintnnchnhtrtiHoaK.Thng10nm,titritipc
Pendleton,ngLeoLearyJr.,mtvcuitHiqunvalbnlnggingvalngiviTngthngKennedythiNhThChintrnmt
trnThiBnhDng(hinElsinore,California),ctrchvicbotrvnhpcnhchogianhti,nhngvcnhiuthnhkinvistnglnh
VitNamthamnhngnntmhikcngcuisLodgevdvngcati.VngLodgekhngngnngitrli:"TngMulv
tnglimchnhnhttronghngtnglnhVitNammticbit".
Thnphntmthngcati,xutthntnibnlyncngcaminTrungVitNamnghonn,khngnglicduynnvimtnhnvt
chnhtrtingtmcaicngqucHoaK.VcitnhchinhucanhngnmVitNamsingchintranhcuicngthnhcitnhbng
hukhichaingiutrlinhngthngtrmphduchoivocituitrithinmnh.
Nhcli,trckhiriHoaKnhnnhimsmi,ngLodgecchaiBQucPhngvNgoiGiaotrnhbyyvtnhhnhchnhtr
vqunscaminNamcngnhcaminBcVitNam.TngthngKennedythanvingrng:"tiphimtqunhiuthginhtcho
vnVitNam.Timunngnghincuklngmivnrigichotinhngkhuyncocnthit".
HaithngsaukhinhnliviTngthngKennedy,ngy14/8ngctonth"yBanNgoiGiaoThngVin"biuquyttnnhim.Theohik
cangthtrcngylnng(17/8),nggpmtnhnvtVitNamtntuitiHoaThnhn(mnggiutn)vcvnykhuynco
"TrkhibNhuvngichngqukhch,cungtncabrikhiVitNam,khngthkhngmtquynlcnotrnthgiannycthngnchn
cvicmstngDimvvchngNhu".14
NhnvtnyhnmunmchnnhngtinltronglchsvbnggimunnhcliccvmustngDimtiBanMThut(1957),vbinh
binNhyD(1960)vvnmbomdinhcLp(1962).
TrnchuynbayvChumchngnghutinlNhtBn,ngnichuynvinhvnEugeneBurdich,tcgicun"TheUglyAmerican"ni
ting.NhvnnykhuynngnnlunnhngkincacckgikinhnghimhnlcaccnhnvinTaisMtiSiGn.
Trong4ngytiTokyo,ngtmhiuthmvgiolcaoPhtquamtthinsNhtBn(bnthncamttngsPhtgioMvnltrik
cangning),vngncnkpthimtncsVitNamnhtthiutrckhchsncangphnichnhschnpPhtgioca
chDimtiVitNam.
m20/8,trongkhiNhutungquncnqutcccsPhtgiothngLodgeangHngKngvnhnccngincaTngthngKennedy
yucuphiiSiGngpnghincuviphvitnhhnhcnglccngsingtiVitNam.
ngnphitrngTnSnNhtngy22/8vvthngtaismkhngtuynbgvicmtonqunbochangingphicng.ng
nSiGnvolcchnhquynHoaThnhnangbphnhavvnVitNamvnhngnhnvinquantrngMtiSiGncngangc
nhngmuthunvlptrngivichDim.TngPaulHarkinsvtrngnhimsCIARichardonthnghngDim,tronglcphis
WilliamsTruhartliquytlitchngihaianhemDimNhu.Domtrongmyngyutin,ngLodgenhiuthginichuynvicc
kgi,tmhiutnhhnhthtchnhxc.ThngtaTrQuangvicNhtThin,lcbygiangtrntrongtaisMsauvtngtn
cngchachincaNhu,cnglhaingikhchcang.
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Ngy24thng8,isLodgendinhGiaLongtrnhynhimthlnTngthngDim.ngDimtipisrtnimnnhngngisli
trartutvssuythoinglongicatnhhnhanninhvchnhtr.SiGnvntrongtnhtrnggiinghim.ChchcaisLodgelc
nylmuntmmicchcuvtngDim,bivtheoisthtrongtnhtrngbithmny,nungDimkhngcmchnhquynnatnhhnh
minNamstrnnrilonhn.Tuynhin,trongcucmovingDim,isLodgenhnthyngDimkhngchucngnhnnhngli
lmcangtamchkiklicucithucamnhlccnHuvlintcninhngchuynlcnningisphictngangcu
chuynxincot.
SaunyisLodgechonhngcngsvinthncnbit:"Dimkhngckhnngcaitrtnc,ngaycnichuynmcngkhngnic
cholulot".TronglcngLodgenivnhngvnisqucgiathngDimchnhntrnnhrilpbptunranhnglinihontonthiu
thct"15.
Saukhitipxcviccgiichcchnhthc,ngLodgelitmcchmrngnhngtmhiucamnhnccgiikhc.nggpringnhng
ngidnbnhthngnhanhemsinhvin,ccngibunbndchph,ccbcpxchl,ccbinhsMvVit.ngcnggpcKhm
MngTaThnhSalvatoreAota,ngPatrickJ.Honey,mtgiosngiAnhchuynnghincuvnghthutvnchngVitNamvrtnmvng
tnhhnhngiVitvcnhiubnbtronggiitrthc,nghsVitNam.ngthyrnhngxevntinhbinhmangduhiuHoaKdotix
caLcLngcBitcangNgnhNhuchyhcsinhvcctrigiam.ngcbocovvicnhiucgibcnhstbtgiamvbtra
tn,cngibtrain.ngbitrGimmcNgnhThc,ngicnhhnglnnhtcach,ralnhnpkhngbPhttmcd
chnhTaThnhLaMbytslouvkhuynco.ngcngthyrbNhuvi"quynlcmaqu"btbucchngvanhchnglTng
thngDimphicnhngbinphpquytlitnhtiviPhtgio.ngccmtngbNhurtthchthvinhnghnhnghungcvdman.
BNhucboTimesnghnhbavilighichvcchthcbtaiphvinhngkbiutnh:"Phipchngnbalnmnhhn".
Saukhinghincutngtnvtm,ngLodgephingvinhnvtVitNamtntuiHoaThnhnmnggptrckialchtrphi
bNhuvngichnghungbocabrikhincngDimmicthcuthotc.isLodgegilikhuyncovchoTngthng
Kennedy"16.
Cn c trn nhng phc trnh khc nhau t Si Gn, so snh vi nhng bn tin ca cc chnh ph khc c ta i s ti Vit Nam v da vo li
khuyncocangLodge,vogiathng9,TngthngKennedytrliWalterCronkitecaitruynhnhCBSrng"ChnhphDimkhng
cdnchngVitNamnghna.VicngDimnpPhtgiolmthnhngthiukhnngoanvtinghrngphngthckhngth
chinthngCngSnniChcnthayichnhsch,vclthayinhnsna,thchnhphDimmitmlichuthuncanhndn
minNamVitNam.CnnungDimkhngthchincicchthtinghrngngtaskhngcmthyvngnochinthngCngSn".Li
tuynbnycngchngtTngthngKennedyvnkhngmunltngDim,chmunngDimthayichnhschcaitrvchnhschnhn
s.ChonntuytuynbnhvynhngTngthngKennedyvnchacnhctbvintrplcngDimVtiSiGn,ngLodge
khnkhodindchmtcchcthlicaKennedybngcchnghvingDim"nnchongNhuvemdurikhiVitNamchonkhi
cuckhnghongchnhtrchmdt,linhttpgiachnhquynvqunchngctilp".ngDimtrangcnhinvbtmnv
nghny,nghmngcholtmcchchiargianhngvlmchoqucgiamtinhngnhlnhotibanhngbNhu(!!!).
NhngchvitunsauthngThcbTaThnhLaMbtbucriVitNam,vkhinRome,ngbTaThnhcmkhngctuynb
chngiPhtgiona,cnbNhuthcmumtphiondnbiuiBelgradethamdhinghLinHipNghSvibachngghl,Php,
vMgiicdlunquct.
TiParis,phionbVitkiuvsinhvinVitNamchnginmcchua,trngthi,cnbochPhpthchtvnddivvnpPhtgio.
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TiParis,phionbVitkiuvsinhvinVitNamchnginmcchua,trngthi,cnbochPhpthchtvnddivvnpPhtgio.
TiLaMbkhuyncoGioHongnnkhnngoanhnvnhngvn"i"khngthucthmquyncaGioHong.VtiNuc,ngy
259,btuynbrngnhngsquanMchinutiVitNamcthinhconnt,khngbitcchlmvic.Trcskhiukhchvmitth
,ngLodgephitbnhngngnngngoigiaolchsgibNhulmtthRngCi(DragonLady)vlythiquytlithnni
lnscngphncaqunchngvquchiM:"Thtlmtlituynbyxcphm.HngngycnhngqunnhnMhysinhvnhiukhi
bmnhbncnhnhngngiVitNam,chonnthtlkhhiukhicngithtranhngliccnhvy.NhngsquanManghysinh
nglcbitnthlibchira".(TtnhinkhimunuiMvbttayviHNi,bNhumicnhnglilnhvy:ghichcatc
gi).
Tuynhin,mcdtnhtrngcngthngnhvynhngisLodgevntmcchcuvtngDimvcngculunngta.ngbucphi
nirchongDimhaiiukin:ThnhtlphiangNhurakhinc,thhailphihagiiviphongtroitdotngiocaPhtgio.
TronglcthsaukhinghetngtrnhcaBtrngQucphngMacNamaravTngTaylorvatVitNamv,TaBchctuynbmt
cchhodukhilmmtmtngDim:"ChngtistiptcchnhschcngtcvinhndnvchnhphminNamchngliCngSn".
McdchnhTngthngKennedycngkhaitthinhnnhngnhngtnhhnhvncnglccngcngthnghn,ngDimvnngoanccn
ngNhuthchngnhngkhngchurikhincnhmcnmmubttayviCngSnvcngrniviPhtgio.ChnhphMbucphi
lmplcbngcchchmdtmtvikhonvintr.Trchtlctvintrvsa,trgi4triuMkim,vbNhukhinhnctinnyNu
c,tuynbrngngiVitNamkhngcnsa,sachchoheon.SaukhiMtuynbctngnkhonvintrkiathtinnnilnkhp
SiGnrngisCabotLodge,ngMecklinvnhiunhnvintaisMsbmstnniisLodgephicsngringbncnh
mnh.
Sau,chnhphMcngchmdtlunkhonvintr250.000MkimlchiphhnhchnhcaLclngcbitcaitLQuangTung,
iqunringcangNgnhNhu17.
ngthigimcCIAtiSiGnlRichardson,mtngithntncaNhu,cngbgivHoaThnhn.
Ngy1910,TaisbochoitTungbitlvintrchtiptcthokhonkhinoTungngthngbochocvnMcalclngbit
cccucdichuyn,vlclngchcnhimvchinuchngCngSnmthi.Tronglc,tnglnhVitNamCngHachoTaisbit
hckhochtchcmtcucochnh.HkhngiMgipvnlvnnibVitNam.Tuynhin,slmtcucochnhthn
thinviHoaKvyucuHoaKngchnhngchngi.VphangiM,Taiscngchobitkhngthgipnhmochnh
c,skhngchnginhngxincthngboytintc"18.
VphaquniVitNammtngTrnVnnccoilidinvitcchQuynTngThammutrng,saunhiulntrnhlnngDim
nhngnghcicchchnhngkhngcchpthun,thanhemngDimlicndngthonlmdngdanhnghaqunikhitn
cngchachintouythtrongqunchng,nnngy238(bangysaukhichachinbtncng)tngnchomimtngiMbnthn
canglTrungtCIAConeinngptraoiquanimvcuckhnghong.ngnchobitqunikhngthamdvohnhngbo
tncanhNgtrongvicnpPhtgio.Ngcli,ConeincngchotngnbitthvphaM,disNoltingttrcvnrtthnthin
vianhemngDimnhngsauvtncngchachinmnhiukgiMvvongingnhhnhngcaqunxungphongSScacQuc
X,thlinhgiangDimvisNoltingtrnncngthng,dtrongthmtmngNoltingvncnnghngDim.
Cngsauvtncngchachin,mtstnglnhgmcDngVnMinh,TrnVnn,LVnKim,thngngphaitngKhimvnh
tiBTngthammutholunphngcchpdnglnhgiinghimthnochoqunitbdnhlunmmucangNhunht.Ngy5
440/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tiBTngthammutholunphngcchpdnglnhgiinghimthnochoqunitbdnhlunmmucangNhunht.Ngy5
thng9,haitngnvnhmanhemnhNgvncnrttintng,gittrnhlnngDimvihaingh:mtlbiblnhthitqunlut,
vhailtmangbNhurancngoixoadulngqundn.Myngysau,ngDimchogitngnvodinhGiaLongqutrchhai
ngnvnhcnhiuthamvng,ngthingNhubinhtngnhbngcchtungchobochbittintngnhxinlmBtrng
Niv,richotngnhinghLttngyvildo"tinhthncngthng".
Trcthithamquyncvvucngoanc,trccuckhnghongchnhtrcnglccngyminNamvosuythoi,vtrcnguyc
camtthahipbtlivnguyhimviCngSn,tngnquytnhdtkhotvcthhathichngicaqunibngmtcuc
chnhbinmmulmtcucbinhbindoquniphtng.SaukhivnngctngTnThtnhvotchcnmvngQunon
IIIvcbitkhuvcSiGnGianh,tngnbnmrngtchcbngcchlinktvicclclngqun,dn,chnhkhc.nuthng
10nm63thcckhochbinhbinthnhhnhvlclngcchmngvngmnh,chcnchngyphtng.Lcbygibchhuycuc
chnhbinmibtugiiquytvnngiHoaK.
Ngy2thng10tiNhaTrang,tngnchoConeinbitquniquytnhltchDimngthinghtngDngVnMinhgp
Conein.Ngy5v10thng10,ConeinngptngMinhvcbitthicalclngcchmngivianhemngDimcngnhivi
ngiM.ivianhemngDimthicphnnhbngbachnla:ChnlathnhtlmstvchngNhuvCnnhngvngiling
DimlmQuctrngchnlathhailbaovySiGnlmplcihingDimcitchnhschvnhnsvchnlathbalnhtan
LclngcbitvLonLinbinhPhngvTngThngph(chaigm6000ngi)rimigpngDimayuschcitch.
TrongcbatrnghpuduytrngDimlmnguynthqucgia,chtrittiunhhngvquynlcchnhtrcaccanhemngDimm
thi.
RingiviM,tngMinhidincholclngcchmngkhngyucumtymtrchnhtr,qunshaytnhbonotrcvtrongngy
cchmng,mchyucuHoaKkhngtmcchngnchncucchnhbinvcbitsaukhicchmngthnhcngthvntiptcchngtrnh
qunvinvkinhvinchoVNCHminNamphchiscmnhchngCngvxydngdnch.
Ngy28thng10,nghalsaukhiquytnhlyngy11163lmngyphtng,tngngpngLodgetrongbuitinngDimiLt
tiphitrngTnSnNht(ngLodgecngDimmitheotrongchuynkinhlny)vcisLodgechobitchnhphHoaKtng
hmtcucthayich.ylcuctipxcutingiatngn,idintnglnhvimtnhnvtcthmquyncachnhquynM.
Khichivthiimphtng,tngntchikhngchobitvnhnmnhrngcucchnhbinlmtbinchontonthucvnib
cangiVitNam.Ngaytihm,Coneinlingptngnvkhnkhonxinbitngygiphtngcnhngbinphpanninhchocc
csvnhnvinHoaK,nhngmtlnnatngnlitchivchhachobittrctrongmtthigianrtngnmthi.
Ti28thng10tiLt(nghalhaingytrccucochnh),ngDimmingLodge,itDunnvvchngThtrngTrnVnPhcn
cm.Trongbaticny,ngDimtrchHoaKctgimvintrmtcchvl.Litrchmcnytuykhnghulnhngcnglmchois
LodgephnkhivxemnhmtduhiucashitmvsngsutcangDim.Ngy29thng10,trnchuynphictrvSiGn,ng
LodgebtunuihyvngngDimschoNgnhNhurikhinc19.
Nhngcngtrongngy29thng10,haitngnvnhgpnhautiNhaTrangduytxtlilnchtkhochochnh.Trongdpny,
tngnhyucutngnbovsinhmngchongDimnhtrctngKhimng.
Ngy1thng11nm1963,vokhong11gisng(haigitrckhitingsngcchmngbtun),tngnbochoConeinbitcucbinh
binsbtuvobuitravyucuConeinnBTngThammulmlinlcvingialclngcchmngvcccquanQunDn
441/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
binsbtuvobuitravyucuConeinnBTngThammulmlinlcvingialclngcchmngvcccquanQunDn
ChnhcaHoaKtiVitNamnucn.Coneinbnmcqunphc,mangtheomtkhu375Magnumvmtgitin3triungVitNamri
nBTngThammu.
CngcnphinirrngstinbatriungVitNamdoConeinmangnkhngcmttnglnhnohaybittrtngn.Tngn
khngbaogitrnhbychoHingTngLnhbitcnhnstincaConeinhaykhng,vnucthsdngvovicg.KgiKarnow
trong"Vietnam:AHistory"trnhbyrrngtra1111963,ConeinkhitiBTngThammugptngnmangtheomtstinbatriung
VitNam"qunnidysdngnucn"(incasetheinsurgentsneededfunds).Tathyrngcuccchmngthnhcnglhontonnhp
ngngnguynvngcatondn,nhquyttmnhttrcaquni,vnhkhochtchctinhvichucnhtin,hunggkhiConein
mangtinnBTngThammuthgiphtngcchmngspim,qunicncntinlmgna.cmongrngtngTrnVnngii
tanghivnnhnyqunidiquynnglcbygikhimangtingvstrongsngcacchmngkhimangmttvtno.(Tng
nkhngcpnstinnytrongHik"OurEndlessWar"cangta).
Nhvy,ktngy5thng10,khitngMinhchnhthctipxcviConeintrnhbyquanimvquytnhcaLcLngCchmngcho
nngy1thng11nm1963,khitingsngcchmngbngn,trongkhngymtthngngnnginhngsing,quthtcnhnglin
lcgialclngcchmngvchnhquynM(quatrunggiankhngphichConeinmcnisLodgena).Slinlctuychctnhcch
thngtinnhngbnchtthtscanlbnchtcamtcucutranhchnhtrquct.Thtvy,khngcnsaunyphivindnvonidung
haibccngincaThtrngNgoigiaoRogerHillsman(ngy24thng8) 20,vcaisLodge(ngy29thng8),lcbygi,tiVitNamai
cngbitasnhnvttrongchnhquynHoaKmunnhanhchnggiiquytcuckhnghongchnhtrxhitiVitNammcthvbtu
lngDimphidtkhotloitrnhhngcanhngngianhemkhichnhquyn.
Tuynhin,cmunvnchahontonphnnhtrungthcchnhschcaHoaKvvncnnhiungiMkhctiptcnghngDim
(PhTng thng Johnson, MacNamara, Gim c CIA Colby, Paul Harkins, Richardson, Nolting) n niTng thng Kennedy phi than "Ly Cha,
chnhphcatiangbtanratngmnh"(MyGod!Mygovernmentiscomingapart),vngaycbccngincaRogerHillsmancngkhng
cTngthngKennedyhayNgoitrngDeanRuskduytxttrcvhaingnylcbygikhngcmttiHoaThnhn.Chngnhngth,
trcnhngtinnvnhngduhiuvrtnhiucucochnhtiSiGn,cngnhchnngnhngdindchsailmvbccngin
vtquyncaHillsman,ngy30thng8,TngthngKennedynhmtintnkhncpchongLodgevongy30/8"hybciintn
ngy24/8v29/8ngaytiHoaK.ShybvhiuhanhnglilnnchnhquynKennedyvhnhngchophp,ghinhnhaykhuyn
khchmtcucchnhbintiNamVitNam"21.
Trcthithiucngquytvcharrngnhth,cctnglnhvntchccucchnhbintmythngtrc,nayquytnhchnh
thcthngbochochnhquynHoaKvshindinvvquytnhltchcaquni.lmt"ncc"ngoigiaongonmcnhm
haimctiu:thnhtlkoHoaKrakhithlinminhbtcdvingDimmtcchdtkhotvvnhvin,vthhailtomtlinhttp
ngaytbygichunbchomttngquanngminhcnthitsaucucchnhbin.
Vmctiuthhainymilmctiuquantrng.
VdchnhquynKennedycnghaykhng,cphhoihaykhng,thlclngcchmngcngctchcrivcngccunht
vocaotrochngichcatondn.RingcctnglnhnhMinh,n,Kim,nh,Khim,hvocithkhngthlicna:ccb
phnkhccaqunidonhngsquancpttchcstinhnhcuccchmng,dchaykhngch!Do,khilinlcviTaisHoa
K,mquanhdivHoaThnhn,mctiuchnhvnlduytrcmtgiaohottpgiahaincHoaKkhngnhngsgipmin
NamhiphclicscmnhmcnymtrminNamdidohnchomtcucthhngQucCngchcchnskhclithnsauny.
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NamhiphclicscmnhmcnymtrminNamdidohnchomtcucthhngQucCngchcchnskhclithnsauny.
Lmmtcucchnhbinltmtchlvickhnhngvnkhngkhbngsaucucchnhbintncsmnhhn.Chonn"nc
c"ngoigiaocacctnglnhlmthnhngchnhtrkhnngoanvcnthitbomchotncsmnhhnsaunymthi.(Tic
rng,nuhthnhcngtronglnhvcduytrcmtmigiaohottvingminhHoaKthnhnglnhvckhc,hthtbivtora
mtchuidinhngxotrnmtiscpchngtiptheo).
Quylutchnhtrvnhngihicatnhthrrngnhth,nhngnhngkmunbinhnghalchsvgitrcchmngcangy1/11/63
saunyctnhbpmolchsbnghaiskinhontonkhngctht22:thnhtlhchorngnuMkhng"btnxanh"thquniv
nhndnminNamkhngscvkhngdmlmcuccchmngltchDim,thhailhchorngchnhchnhquynKennedylkch
xngviungcuccchmng1/11/63.
S tht cho ta thy d bit ng Dim bt tay vi Cng Sn, d bit ng Dim khng chp nhn cc khuyn co nhm ci t ch , chnh quyn
Kennedyvnlngtngkhngcmtschlcrrngvtrnmtnhns,vnchialmhaipherrt.Chonkhibitchcrngcmtlclng
cchmng,visthamdcaquni,quytnhltch,chnhquynKennedymibytstnngcamnh,mitmcchgylinh
tt.
Nhvy,rrngcuccchmngngy1111963hontondoqundnVitNamlcbygithchin,vngiM,ngtrcnhngkhkhn
phctpcatnhhnhphithngdavogiiquytnhngkhkhncah.VythchnhquniVitNam"btnxanh"choM
chuphiM"btnxanh"choquniVitNamnhnhmCnLaoCnggiovmtskgiMvtnhhaycxuyntc.Nhngk
dngluniuxuyntcquniVitNamlmtaysaichoMtrongcucochnh11163thtrachmuntmcch"cvlpmingem"
chegiuskinchnhngDimmilngicHoaK"bng"vVitNamcmquyn,chnhCIAgipngDimltvuaBoi,nh
tanccgiophingDimtrthnhTngthnglmnhimvbovtinnchngCngchoHoaK.Timunnihxuyntcchnhngha
cchmng1111963vtmcchchegiutcch"concvtaysai"thcthchoMcangDim.TimunnhcnhnhmCnLaoCng
Gio rng tng lnh Vit Nam nm 1963 khng c thi hn nht nh ng Dim nm 1955 trong cuc tranh chp vi vua Bo i phi nh
LandsdalecucuviNgoitrngFosterDullesmtikrtrongchngV.
Nitmli,yutthnh,"yutngiM",lmtyutctht.NdnhdvtcngvochnhtrngVitNamtkhichNgnhDim
thnhhnh.Chonntrongnlcchmdtch,lclngCchmngphiidinvin.Vgiiquytmtcchkhnngoannhttrong
iukinchnhtrvlchslcbygi.Saunykhirtluikhichnhtrng,ngLodgecngcngnhnrng:
"Cucbinhbinngy1111963lmtbinchontonthucnibVitNam.VthiusxmnhpvochnhtrngkhcmccaVitNamnn
chngtakhngthtchcochnhvdnhchngtamun.Chngtacngkhngthchnngcbinhbin.Chnhschcachngtatheo
chthcaTngthngKennedyl"khngchngphvkhngngnchnmtcucbinhbin".Chngtithihnhtritchnhschny.Tithi
rngnhngngivitThePentagonPapers"titlttcmichuyn,tisaohlikhngtitlvicbcintnngy248(caHillsman)b
hybbibcintnngy308.Phichnghkhngbitnskin?"23.
Ngoira,giosNguynNgcHuy,mttrongnhnglnhtngiVitc,vlngicnhiungchquantrngthamdtchccvongy
cchmng1/11/63nhHunhVnTn,Nhiu,Lng,DngHiuNgha,NhanMinhTrangv.vcngaranhngnhnnhvdkinchnh
xcsauy:
BygithtathyrngchnhphHoaKkhngquyttmltDim,vtrongmitrnghp,chcchnlkhngmunDimbgit.Viclt
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BygithtathyrngchnhphHoaKkhngquyttmltDim,vtrongmitrnghp,chcchnlkhngmunDimbgit.Viclt
vsthixyralchdomtstnglnhVitNam.NgiMkhngthcyhochnh,ngiMchkhngngnchnhmthi.Trong
tnbikchny,nhnvintnhboTrungngMcytintcnhmiquanhcahvinhngkchmunhBcsTrnKimTuyn,Phm
NgcTho,tngTrnThinKhimtrckhichnhcquannylinlcmtcchchnhthcviTrnVnnvDngVnMinh.Hphcv
chnhphhbngcchcungcpytintcvnhngchuynmngiVitNammunlm,vqulmlhchtmcchTrnKimTuynthay
thNgnhNhu.HthtbitrongcgngtchriDimkhiNhuvtrongcgngngnchnchoDimkhibmstkhimsngoanccaDim
lmchocucochnhtrthnhmtvickhngtrnhc24.
QuthtgiosNguynNgcHuycnhngnhnxttrungthcvnghimchnhcamtnhchnhtrckinhnghimutranhlunmvca
mtnhvitslngthin.Clmtphnnhngcnhiucnbngvinqunidiquyncctnglnhochnh,chongnhngtin
tcnibvphnkhcclnhngchunghincukcngcctiliuvcnginnivchnhbin1963,cbitltiliuvcnginc
ghitrongcun"ThePentagonPapers"mgitrkhtncacucschnycngnhtntuicatcgiNeilSheehankhngaicthphnhnc.
QuaphntchtrnycagiosHuy,tacthchiaslinhmcnigiachnhquynHoaKvcctnglnhVitNamlmhaigiaion:giai
onugiaCIASiGnvinhmthnCIAltngKhnh,tngKhim,itPhmNgcTho(lmvicchoBcsTrnKimTuyn),vgiai
onsaugiachnhquynHoaKvnhmcatngDngVnMinh,TrnVnn,thnhphnchnhthctchcvlnhocucchnhbin
cngnhchutrchnhimtrclchsvqucdn.Hainhmtnglnhny,mtthngtrckhiphtngcucchnhbinanglhainhmbit
lpvnghinginhau.Cnphinhriuthmibitcmccandvobinc1963caHoaKnhthnovtbaogi.
Nh hi k ca cc tng lnh v nhiu ti liu quc t tit l th d nh v k hoch lt cc ng DimNhu c manh nha t sau m
20/8/1963,khiccngDimNhuralnhtncngchachin.VphaHoaK,munyngNgnhNhurakhichnhquynVitNamvnu
DimchngithyluncDim,cphthinquacnginngy24/8/1963caphtNgoitrngHilsmangichoisCabotLodge
tiSiGn("ThePentagonPapers",tr.194195).
Ngyhmsau,cnginngy25/8/1963,(theoPentagonPaperstrang195),caisLodgetrliBNgoiGiaoHoaKchobitvicihing
DimxalnhngNhulvchmnnithngvicctnglnh(ngnntnhnchuynochnhnhngcnginkhngchobittntui
tnglnhno:ghichcangivit).
Cnginngy26/8/1963caJohnRichardson,chnhimCIASiGn,gichoCIATrungng,bocoviclinhcvitngKhimv
tngKhnh,haivtngmnhiungibitlthnMvthnCIA,cbittngKhimlilbnthncabcsTuynvitTho,nhng
ngilmvicchtchviCIA("ThePentagonPapers",tr.195,196).
Cnginngy28/8/1963giCIATrungngbococucgpggiaConeinvKhimchobithuhttnglnh(trtngnhvtng
Cao)umunochnh.NukhngvhiuhacTngnhvitTungthngsxyrakhpSiGnvsthithinhnmngc
thmctrmtrng.("ThePentagonPapers",tr.196,197).
Cnginngy31/8/1963catngHarkinsSiGngichotngTaylor,TngThamMutrng,bocochmdt"mmuThngTm"
(EndofAugustPlot).CnginnirngtngKhimchobitlcnytngMinhchmdtmikhochtheomtphngnkhc.Khnhv
KhimcngbkhochcitheotngMinh.KhimcngbitPhmNgcThovntiptctheokhochcnhngtngitintngThov
qukhVitCngcangta.("ThePentagonPapers",tr.202).
ChonytathyrngMtipxcvicctngKhnh,KhimvitThovnlnhngngithnviCIA.ngsautngKhimthp
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ChonytathyrngMtipxcvicctngKhnh,KhimvitThovnlnhngngithnviCIA.ngsautngKhimthp
thongbngtngMinh,nhngtthntngMinhthkhngtipxcviM.VvcsnghinginhaunntngMinhchmdtkhochc
(AugustPlot)tmmtphngnkhc.ThlchmdtgiaionMt.
GiaionHailgiaiontngDngVnMinhidinchonhmcctngn,KhimtipxcviTrungtConeinvctrnhbyr
quanhngcnginsauy:
Cnginngy5/10/1963caisLodgegivBNgoiGiaobocovcucgpggiatrungtConeinvtngDngVnMinhtheoli
yucucatngMinh.
CucgpgnydinratiBTLnhcatngMinhtriLVnDuyttrong1gi10pht.Cucgpgdinrachchaingivithoi
bngtingPhp.("ThePentagonPapers",tr.213215).
Trongcuchikinny:
1.TngMinhmunbitlptrngcachnhphMnucthayichnhphVitNamtrongmttnglaign.
2.TngMinhnirngkhngcnmtsgipcbitnotrongvicngtavccngchquytnhltngDim.Nhngngtacnmt
sbomcachnhphMlnglnhcatnglnh.
3.TngMinhnhnmnhmcchchnhcangtachlmunchinthngCngSnmmunththvintrqunsvkinhtphictng
lncaohnmcngynay.
4.TngMinhphcthokhoch"thayichnhph"bngbacch:
mtlmstNgnhNhu,NgnhCnnhnggingDimliavTngthng.
hailbaovySiGnbngnhiunvkhcnhau,cbitlnvBnCt.
baltrctipiugiaqunCchmngvquntrungthnhvichnhphmconstiSiGn5500ngi.
ConeinchotngMinhbitrngngtakhngthtrliccuhivvicchnhphHoaKdnhluvobincochnh,cngnhkhngth
aranhngkhuyncovcckhochochnh.
5.TngMinhchobitnglongitngKhimvtngnychitrhnghaitrongv"mmuthngTm".TngMinhyucuConeingiao
chongtabnsaovtiliucncLongThnhvkhonngtachthnsosnhtiliugiaochoKhim.
6.TngMinhchobitldongtacnhnhnggpvcnhiucpchhuyTrungon,Tiuon,iicngckhochochnhmnuh
thtbiththtlmtthmhavcngtoln.
Ton b cng in trn y cho thy r rng: 1) trc ngy 5/10/1963, ng Minh cha h tip xc vi M, 2) khng cn M gip trong vic o
chnh,3)yucutiptcqunvkinhvinsaukhithayichnhph.
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Cnginngy30/10/1963(mtngytrckhixyrachnhbin)trlingBundyvslongicaHoaThnhn,isLodgetrnhbyrng:
ngiMkhngtthtrhonhaylmnnchmmuochnh.Vtngnxcnhnhiulnrngvicochnhhontonthuc
nibVitNam.("ThePentagonPapers",tr.226229).
Nitmlivinhngtiliuvcngincghitrongcun"ThePentagonPapers"mtvicHoaKlinhvitnglnhVitNam,tathycba
skinnibt:
1.HoaKrtbtmnvianhemngDim,hphilachnmttronghaicchgiiquytvnVitNam.HocbriminNamhocthanh
tonchDim.CuicnghchncchltchDimtheoxuhngcaPhtNgoitrngRogerHilsmanvisHenryCabotLodge.
Tuynhinchlnhctnhchinlc.Trnthct,nukhngcnhngiukinchnhtrthunlidosbtmnchngicacclclng
ngphi,trthc,tngiovqunchngVitNam,vnukhngcmtcngcthhinsbtmnllclngquningratchcchnh
binthngiMnhbtaybtlctrcscnguvngoanccaanhemngDim.
2.SdngiMlinhcvitnglnhldosmcnibanucacctngKhnh,KhimvitTho,nhngngivnthnviCIA
tlunhnglikhngctngquangvinhmn,Kim,nhc.ngsaunhmny,tuycshindinticatngMinhnhngtngMinh
chngnhngkhnglinlcgviMmlicnnghingtngKhimkhngthnhthtmnhihaimang.
3.TronglcthtngnctchcringcshptccatngMinhvchonngy5/10/1963miccucgpggiatngMinhv
Coneinlnutin.
BayutnyvnhngbinchuynsauchothygiosHuyphntchnghimchnhvtrungthcannhnnhchungquytrng:
"NgiMkhngthcyhochnh,ngiMchkhngngnchnhmthi.Trongtnbikchny,nhnvintnhboTrungngMc
ytintcnhmiquanhcahvinhngkchmunhBcsTrnKimTuyn,PhmNgcTho,TngTrnThinKhimtrckhichnh
cquannylinlcmtcchchnhthcviTrnVnnvDngVnMinh".Nicchkhc,chnhngiVitNamchngcucchnhbintd
nhnquytnh,tkhochnthchin,tphngtinnnhns,cnngiMchlkbttrcmttnhtrngrivchchy
theomthi.Vthtimivit:"ChnhtnglnhVitNambtnxanhchoMchkhngphiMbtnxanhchotnglnhVitNam".
CngcnnithmrngnhngnhnnhcagiosHuytrnkiactrchrattiliu"TheStoryofNgnhDimsoverthrowandmurder"
cagios,tptiliumngtngtinhnngvCNguynVnTi(hinsngtiGardenGrove)nthmtitiCostaMesanm1979.Ti
liunylmtbnphotocopycbttchcagiosmticngivchcrngnhiungchcagiostrong"MtTrnLinMinhDnCh"ca
ngcngcnggitng.Lctraochoti,giosHuychobittiliunyscngvotcphm"UnderstandingVietnam"cunschdong
vGiosStephanB.Youngvitchungvsdo"TheDisplacedPersonsCenterInformationServiceBusiness,TheNetherlands"(TDT.Thomasson)
xutbn.
KhngnmvngnitnhcangiVitlchockhngnghincukcctiliu,mtvikgi,sgiaHoaK,nhtrnghpbEllenHammer,
mtbnthnvinhNgvviGiosBuHi,vitsaisthttrongcun"ADeathinNovember"cabtavihubnhvcnhNg.
LicngticrngmtsngiVitNamchu,cmunngybinrngchnhphMchngvochnh1963xuyntctnglnhltay
saicaM,khngnhrngchnhngDimlsnphmcaMcchnhgiiHoaKbngvnccmquyn,chnhngDim
nhMplcviPhptrutphBoi,nhMnhtanccgiophi,ngphivnhnglclngkhngchinqucgia.Hcngc
tnhqunrngchnhanhemngDimchkhngaikhc,lumichoMvoVitNamvkhuynhlottonbchnhtnhminNam,chiphi
milnhvcsinhhottiminNam,thdbtklclngnomungymtbincchnhtrcngkhngthquactaimtngiM,cng
446/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
milnhvcsinhhottiminNam,thdbtklclngnomungymtbincchnhtrcngkhngthquactaimtngiM,cng
khngth,nhiuhayt,khngtyutngiMvotrongnhngkhochcamnh.imcthcachnhtrminNam,btutvvch
Dim,scchThiuthahngtrnvnsauny.
o0o
HaiyutngiCnggioVitNamvngiMmtivatrnhbytrongmytrangvaqua,tuykhngphivkhngthlnhngtrngingn
chnhayphnkchccuccchmng11163nhngvvaitrchnhtrcahtrongsinhhotqucgiacanhngnm60,vlinhccuca
htronglchscnicadntc,nntrthnhnhngyutmdmundkhng,sauny,tcdngvgyranhngthayivochch
cngnhcnguynbanucangyCchmng11163.WilliamLederer,nhntquanimcamtngivitsHoaK,cngthytnhcch
dangdcacucCchmngdgitrlnlaocangy1111963tronglngdnVit:
Nm1963,khiTngthngDimbsthi,nhndnVitNamphnngmtcchvuimngvnhnhmnhcticmtgnhnng.Ntc
thcatriuingtalnhnghuquxuxanhtcamtnncaitrhkhccaCngSnchngchtlnnhngcimxuxanhtcamt
nndnchthint.
NhndnVitNamtinrngHoaK,ttrc,vnvncduytrDimvtrcmquynnaygtbngtavngtakhngcnmangsmngdoTri
giaoph.NhndnminNamchpthunvicchmdtscaitrcaDimvhhngvHoaKmongchnhphnyamttnglplnhoc
khnngvothayth.
Nhngiunykhngxyra25.
KhngxyravhaiyutngiCnggioVitNamvngiMvnnnglnvnmngdntcdnlckhaithnglchscbnglntrong
ngy1111963.
Nungycchmnglhuququytlitvminhnhinnhtca9nmboqunNgnhDimvlktquhinlvlmlitnhtcacaotro
utranhchoDnchvTdo,thmtmtkhc,ncnglnguynnhnmuchobanmxotrnchnhtrvmtphnnotoiukincho
CngSnnngcaohnmcchintranhtrongmutnchimminNambtdibtdchcaHNi.
Tuynhin,khngphivvymgitrcchmngcangybphaim.Vdch"nhnktqunhginguynnhn"trongkhongthigiant
1954n1975mthi,thngycchmng11163cnglmtkhcrquantrngnmgiacinguynnhnNgnhDimvciktqumt
nc1975.Cnnungvngtrnlptrngdntc,bngcinhnthiithngsut,trongchiudithmthmcalchs,thngy11163c
nghakhngchiciccamtngycchmng.Ntrliccmcadntclsngtdo,sngthongdongnpngcthi
ilxabcmtchbnphongkinsiuctilithivnthhintritciquylutlpquccalchsVitlmtchbotr
ththnocngbtiudit.
Nhvy,ngy11163nglmtngycchmng.
Haynichonghn,lngycchmngmuchomtcuccchmngdangd.Nkhngthucvnhnglclngkhaisinhranna,nli
cngkhngthucvnhngkcnnuiticchDimsauny,nthucvlchsVitNam,nlcadntcVitNam.
447/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
2 TunboParisMatch(sngy111172),tr.38.
3 DouglasPike,Vietcong,tr.7173.
4 WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,tr.351.
5 Chngtrnh"Vietnam:ATelevisionHistory",itruynhnhPBS,1983.
6 DngTnTi,Ci,NguynnhnvThccht,tr.44.
7 HilaireduBerrier,BackgroundtoBetrayal,tr.251,257,258.
8 TheUntoldStoryofTheRoadtoWarinVietnam,trongtunboUSNewsandWorldReport(sthng1083).
9 MieczylawManeli,WarofTheVanquished,tr.123.
10 Tiliu"TheStoryofNgoDinhDiemsOverthrowandMurder"caGiosNguynNgcHuyscngvo"DisplacedPerson",Centre
InformationService,mc"UnderstandingVN".GiosHuycnhtngtcgimtphbntiliunysaukhingvitxongvocuinm
1979.TiliucaGiosHuychangnhiusliuchnhxcchabaogictitl.Duycvichititlinquantitcgicnphibtc:
a.TcgikhngphitheongDimtthingDimcnlmtTnhtrng,mtheovonm1942,nghal10nmsaukhingDimt
chcThngthBLi.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
b.TcgikhngphinghontonvinhNgtrongvicnpttcccgiophimchngvictrithnhmBnhXuynmthi.
JeanLacouture,LeVietnamEntreDeuxPaix,tr.117121.
LTHng,NhtKTh,tr.77.
WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,trongLiGiiThiucaNhXutBn.
WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,trang133v154
WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,trang342
WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,trang133v154
Stinnychlmtphcbit,cnngnkhonchoquntrang,qundng,lngbngcanvnydongnschBQucPhngi
th.
WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,trang333v354.
WilliamMiller,HenryCabotLodge,tr.350.
Trongcnginnyccu:"TheUScannottolerateasituationinwhichpowerliesinNhushand.ProposedthatDiembegivenachanceto
jettisonhisbrother.IfDiemremainsobdurateandrefuses,wemustfacethepossibilitythatDiemhimselfcannotbepreserved"
HenryCabotLodge,TheStormHasManyEyes,tr.209.
CcschboCngGioCnLaohingoi,sch"OurVietnamNightmare"caMargueriteHigginsvtunboUSNewsandWorldReport(s
ngy101083).
HenryCabotLodge,TheStormHasManyEyes,tr.209.
24 NguynNgcHuy,TheStoryofNgoDinhDiemsOverthrowandMurder.
448/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
25 WilliamLederer,OurOwnWorstEnemy,tr.77.
Chng18
BANMXOTRN
Ngy2thng11nm1963,vokhong7gisng,iphtthanhSiGnloantindinhGiaLongblclngCchmngchim,haianhemng
DimNhutt.Sngibthngvlcnl145ngiv20ngichtcqunlndn.Tingsngmdn,nhndnThnhtiptctro
ra ng ph hoan h qun i, mua qu bnh tng cc chin s, ni chuyn vui a vi qun nhn trong nim hoan lc chung. Nh vn on
ThmmtcnhtngSiGnngy2thng11nm1963nhngyhilncaquhngtnc...Nhiuonthanhninsinhvinnpph
trsVitTnXvtrschntbonghchc.Haimisutrscnhnvcconthtaysaichccngbchungsphn.
TngHaiBTrngvgingbNhuvconginnbsinhvinkospxung,chtuvliidinhnhtrnnhiungph.Buitractin
haianhemngDimbgitchkhngphitt.
Cngtrongngyhm,HingQunNhnCchMngratuyncos1gm5im:
Qunilmcchmngltmtchctiththeonguyncatondn.
Cuccchmngctonthmitnglpnhndnthamgia.
Sthnhlpgpmtchnhphlmthiiuhnhqucgia.
MtHingNhnSscthnhlpcvnchochnhphtronggiaionchuyni.
Khiccnhchdnchcthchin,HingQunNhnCchMngstraoquynchoqucdn.
Trongtuyncos2,HingQunNhnCchMngchobitchtrngcaHinglkhngctinhngpdngmthnhthcdnchtrong
tinhthnklut,onkttondn.Ccngphictdohotng,tntrngquyntdongnluncaboch,trtdochonhngchnhtr
phmkhngCngSn,tdotnngng,cctngiocixbnhng,VitNamvnngtrongthgiitdovduytrgiaohovilnbang
vccncbn,tntrngcchipckkt,tntrngtisnvtnhmngngoikiu.
Ngy3thng11,mtquytnghkhclirai,chobittmngngHinphp26101956,giitnQucHicachc.HingQunNhn
CchMngramtbochvqucdnvithnhphn:
Chtch:TrungtngDngVnMinh.
nhtPhchtch:TrungtngTrnVnn.
nhPhchtch:TrungtngTnThtnh.
Tngthkkimyvinngoigiao:TrungtngLVnKim.
449/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Uvinchnhtr:ThiutngMu.
Uvinquns:TrungtngTrnThinKhim.
Uvinkinht:TrungtngTrnVnMinh.
Uvinanninh:TrungtngPhmXunChiu.
Ccyvinkhc:ccTrungtngLVnNghim,MaiHuXun,ccThiutngNguynVnThiu,NguynHuC.
Cngtrongngyhm,isNgnhLuynLunn,emrutcaTngthngDim,tchc.
Ngy411,Hinctmthis1cbanhnhxcnhrngVitNamvntheothchCngHa,quynLpphpvHnhphpthucHi
ngQunNhnCchMng,quynhnQuctrngthucChtchHingQunNhnCchMng,quynHnhphpychochnhphlmthi
doHingchnhvcclutlhinhnhvntmduytrbomanninhvtrttcngcng.
VchbnngysaukhiltchNgnhDim,HingQunNhnCchMngchnhngNguynNgcThlmThtngthnhlp
chnhphlmthivongy511.Bangysau,niccramtngbovichtrng"cchmngnha".Trongs15TngBtrngcatnni
cc,tathyc6nhnvtthucchcv5squancaocp.RingngTh,tuylCuPhTngthngnhnglilbnthncatngMinh(
tnglikongMinhgipThtngDimchngPhpvBnhXuynvonhngnm19541955),vmythngtrccuccchmnglinlc
thngxuynvingMinhtrongvicvnngochnh.
Cngtrongngy511ny,trongkhibangiconcangNhuLtcHingQunNhnCchMngkhoanhngaiuChuon
tvibNhuthtiSiGn,hngvndnchngthamdlantngThiutBiQuangNgibmnhtrongcuctnchimdinhGiaLong.
Ccqucgiatrnthgii(mncutinlMLai)btucngnhnvthitlpngoigiaovitnch(chonngy13111963,cttc
21qucgiachnhthccngnhnVitNamCngHa,kcHoaKvTathnhVatican).
Ngy611,nguynCvnChominTrungNgnhCnbbtvgiitHuvoSiGn.Lnhgiinghimcbibvsclnhthnhlp
HingNhnSrai.
Ngy711,LcLngcBitdonguynitLQuangTungchhuytrvquythun.
Ngy811,nhngchnhkhchvqunnhnbluytiCnSndichDimctrtdovavSiGn.Hngvnngitngbng
ntiptrngthtibnBchng.CctngNguynVnVvDngVnccngtPhptrvVitNam.CcchnhkhchluvongtiCao
Min,Loulnlttrv.
Ngy1211,UBanLnhoSinhVinLinKhoaithanhtrnghngnggiochcbcoilmtvcachc.Cngngyny,chnhphbib
PhtngyDinhinvNngvthaybngPhTnsinhNngthn.
Ngy1511,cctrngCaongvihcbngcadichDimcmli.
450/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy1611,tnchnhphththeonguyncatondn,thnhlpmtUbaniuTraTicccphntcachcdavothlchaya
vbtgiamtriphp,tratn,hmhip,stnhn,vmtyBaniuTraTiSnThcPhiPhpcngcthnhhnh.
Ngy1811,TaisPhiLutTngiaotrlichochnhphVitNamCngHacuBtrngNgTrngHiulnhnnsaungy11163.i
tngLVnTcclmCvnQunschochnhph,vitNguynChnhThi,TrungtVngVnng,ThiutPhmVnLiucng
mtssquan,saubanmlnhnnrangoiquc,trvnc.ngNgnhKhiSiGncithnhngCchmng111.
Ngy19,20v22thng11,hcsinhNngLmSc,hcsinhcctrngTrunghcHuvnhiutnhkhcbiutnhiccgioslmmtv
chochcphitchc.
Ngy1212,mtvdutngKhtstiBnhnhtthiucngdngTamBo,mngPhtgiothotnn.
Ngy14thng12,ThnhCngHatitrungtmthnhph,mtcncccaqunxmlngPhpvLonLinbinhPhngvPhTngthng
thingDim,cgiaochoBGioDcthitlpmtkhuihc(msaunylihcVnKhoavDckhoa).ylmttrongnhngquyt
nhsngtocachnhquynnhmbixanhnghnhthcbiutngctivbotrcachc.Nhtltrnmnht,tnyslnhng
gingngtraotruyntinhthnvkinthcihcchothhVitNamtnglai.
Ngy16thng12,chnhphtchthutisncangNgnhDim,gianhngta,vthuch21ngicngvicconthnghchc
nhngCnLaoNhnV,PhongTroCchMngQucGia,PhongTroLiniPhN,ThanhNinCngHa,HiVitNamCaongGioDc.
Ngy18thng12,biblut12/62BovLunlcabNhu,chomlicctimkhiuvnhngcmnhngiuviphongbitcvcmcc
thanhnindi18tuivocctimkhiuv.Hnna,cctimkhiuvphingthuxaxcbitthtnng,200ngchomikhchvmiln
votim.
Cngngyny,isTrnChnhThnhccsangNamVangtipxcviSihanouktthinchgiaohocachnhphVitNam.
Ngy23thng12,ThiutngCaoiLVnTtvmtiibinhsCaoitCaoMinvnchptcvitnch.
Ngy25thng12,mtsclutraichophpnhngngibktnchngichccthxintithmbchhahs.
Ngy26thng12thnhlpSONADEZI(SocitNationaleDesZonesIndustrielles),cngtyqucdoanhcmcchtolpvkhuchtrngcckhu
knghphttrinkinhtvthudngnhncng.
Ngy29thng12,mtphionthinchCaoMintiSiGn,BNgoigiaoVitNamCngHatuynbsnsngthngthuytvmivn
MinVit.
Ngy30thng12,sinhvinKintrcphnisclutthng5/1963cachDimvthlhnhnghqungt.Cngngyny,biblchoc
trckhichiubng,dintungvlny(ctratkhingDimlmTngthng)btbuckhichocthphicholuncchndungng
Dimgialquck.
Ngy31thng12,iHiThngNhtPhtGiokhaimctichaXLihpnhtNamBctngsonthomtHinchngchung.
451/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy2164,khaimcHingNhnStiHitrngDinHng.Hinggm60ngi,gmasccnhnvttntuicqucdnvsinh
vintrngvngvtngtrctiphaygintipchnginhNg.
Ngy41,mtUbancthitlpiuchnhtnhtrngnhngcngchcbchctrngphtoanhaythngthngqung.
Ngy51,cmtsithaytrongthnhphnchnhph:TrungtngTnThtnhgichcTngtrngNiv,ThiutngMuyvinchnh
trkimTngtrngThngtin,TrungtngTrnVnnTngtrngQucphngkimTlnhQuni,TrungtngLVnKimTngthk
kimTngthammutrng,TrungtngTrnThinKhimTlnhQunonIIIvThiutngNguynVnQuangGimcNhaAnNinhQun
i.
Cngngyny,ltruyiuvnhokimcchmnggiaNhtLinhNguynTngTamcchnhvcngtrngthtivnTaon,vistham
dcartngsinhvinvdnchng.
Ngy101,SihanouknghMinvVitcngtbmiyuschvtaivchmdtmitranhchpchquynvcchio.(Dich
Dim,SihanoukiphisabingiiMinVitvimtsocaVitNamtiVnhThiLan).
Ngy121,GioHiPhtGioVitNamThngNhtbuThngTaThchTmChugichcVintrngVinHao.
Ngy131,sinhvinhcsinhbiutnhlnchngchnhschtrunglpnhndpBaudevan,GimcTrungtmVnhaPhpquathmSiGn.
Ngy161,HingNhnShpbnvvicsonthoTnhinphp.
Ngy171,thanhninsinhvinbiutnhchngPhpvchngtrunglptichBnThnhvtrcTrungtmVnhaPhp.Cngngyny,khong
gn1.000dungdochDimlicchiaralmnhiuhng:hngnhnhtcaihunluynqunstiQuangTrung,hngthhai
cemicihuntitriCiHunThc,vhngthbathucloinguyhimcaantrtiCnSn.
Ngy231,HingNhnSyucuchnhphongiaoviPhp.Ngy27,thnhlpinlccuctiVitNamvinhimvkintovkhaithc
cssnxut,phnphivsdnginnng.
Ngy281,chnhphrathngcoxcnhnchngtrunglp,phnichnhphPhpthanhnTrungCngvquytnhcbinphpiph.
BKinhTcmnhpcnghnghaPhp,khngcpgiyphpnhpcngchoPhpkiuhocngiVitcPhptch.CngtrongngynyBYT
banhnhNghaVLunchogiiys.
Ngy291,sinhvinSiGnraquytnghyucuchnhphphiquchuhatisncaPhpVitNam.ngthimtsnhnvtchnhtrb
ktnsauvBnhXuyn1955nhccngNguynVnThnh,NguynHuThun,NguynVnHiucnx.(NhbotntuiTrnVnn,
hcgiHHuTngvnhnsCnggiominNam,ngTrnhKhnhVng,mythngsaumicnx).
Nhnchungthsaubathngcmquyn,HingQunNhnCchMngvchnhphNguynNgcThangcgngvnhitrttxhi,c
gngphttrinkinhtvcbitcgngxydngtnhonktqucgia.Ngoira,cuccchmng1111963emlichoVitNamCngHa
haithnglinibtvcngttp.VicthnhtlSihanouktuynbtbtranhchpbingiivvicthhailstrvvicngngqucgia
cakhiCaoi.SihanouktluvcoichDimlkthkhngitrichungnntiptaychoCngSn,cn11hphiCaoicngvb
anhemngDimtritphmhotngchoVitCng(xem"Vietcong"cagiosDouglasPikevctrnhbytrongvVitCngtncngs
452/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
anhemngDimtritphmhotngchoVitCng(xem"Vietcong"cagiosDouglasPikevctrnhbytrongvVitCngtncngs
on13cuinm1960)nayuchtrnghahiuvitnchthquthtlmtthnhcnglnchoqucgia.Khngnithaicngbithaibin
cnyslmchoVitCngmtinhngngminhvcngcdngvlmnhgnhchintranhchoVitNamCngHa.Ticthay,cucchnhl
canhmtngKhnhsau,banmxotrntiptheovchNguynVnThiu,mtchDimkhngDimraiySihanoukvCao
itrvvtrbtlichoVitNamCngHanhdithiNgnhDim,lmhichophequcgiasauny.
RingiviHingQunNhnCchMngvchnhphNguynNgcThlcbygi,vchtrng"Cchmngnha",vkhoandungqu
ngchothnhphnCnLaovnhnschcnnphmphinhnglilmvcngtrmtrngsauny.
LilmthnhtltngDngVnMinhcngNguynNgcThlmThtng,mtvThtngcqutrnhlmtcucphs,cuB
thTonquynDecoux,tngcngtcchtchvingiPhpvlcuPhTngthngcachNgnhDim.McdngThccnghot
ngvitngMinhthitincchmng,nhngthnhtchthnPhpsutcucicangvcbitlvicngkugitngBaCtvhngb
anhemngDimlavchtu,gycmphnchocctngio,ngphi.thtrongchnhphNguynNgcThlicnsuvBtrng
thucchDim,dtrongcngcngickhnngvlimchnhnhBtrngTrnLQuangchnghn,nhngvimtniccgmqu
nhiungithucchcthtrcmtqucdnvquct,TnchgilCchMngchlmtchNgnhDimtisinh.
LilmthhailvicthnhlpHingNhnS(CommitdesSages).ThnhlpHingNhnSlmtsngkinchnhtrtuykhngmimg
nhnglirtthchhpvihoncnhtnclcbygi.SkinHingNhnSginhimvvcquynhncamtcquanlpphptm
thitronglcchiHinphpvQuchilmchoqucdnthamn.Ngoira,ncnngvaiilpvichnhquyn,mtvaitrcnthit
thhindnch.Khnni,phnvbthcbchbimttnhthmiqugprt,phnvthiuchunbdoskhkhntrongvictchccuccch
mngnncctnglnhkhngbitlachnnhnschoxngngvinhucuviukincatnhhnhlc.Tuyhbitmimtsnhn
vttntuinhCTrnnhNam,PhanKhcSu,GiosPhmBiuTm,ngTrnVnVn,CongV...chnghn,nhnghbst
mtsnhnslothnhtingtmnhquCNguynXunCh,BaLiu,TrnVnHng...Hbstcclnhtngphitntuinhccng
TrnQuangVinh(Caoi),PhanBCm(HaHo),NguynTnHonvHThcK(iVit),VHngKhanh,NguynVnLc,TrngBoSn
(VitNamQucDnng),TNguynMinh(VitNamCchmngngMinhHi),PhanQuangn(DnCh),NguynVnHuyn(ThinCha
gio),TrnVnQu,MaiThTruyn(Phtgio),LVnThi(TinLnh)...Hkhngminhng"hinti"catncvanitrn,mlimi
mtsnhnvtchlcngsvinccah.Thihnna,hlimimtscu"CnLao"mtiubiulngTrnTrungDung,churnhNg.
LilmthbalHingQunNhnCchMngkhnggprtthaythccgimccquantrungnghoccccpbaphngmvn
gilisnhnvinvchcquync,trongaslthnhphnCnLaoCngGio.NhngLNguynLongtrongbi"Btcdkhiling
trotn"phntchmtcchngnrngchnhnhmCnLaoCngGiony,btnguntmtthcmuntrthchochc,cnhngthi
vhnhngkhngnhnggycngphnchonhndnmcnphhoitncquakhuhiuNukhngc"C"cachngtaothbnby
chnglmgnnthn.Cngvchnhschnha,gilicccpbqunivchnhquyncmsaukhicchmngthnhcng,CaoVnVinvn
cchhuysonDbathngsaungtathamdvocucchnhlcatngKhnhvdomThiutNhungbsthingaygiphtu
tincacucchnhl.
Vnhnglilmtrnmngphivtngiobtubtmn.Sbtmntrnbiulquacccucbiutnhcasinhvin,qualuniuchtrch
nngngiiCnLaocaboch,quatuynngncaccngphinhtrnhbytrongmtontrc.NgoiraviccctngTrnVnnv
LVnKimchotngNguynVnVhihngmtcchmauchngvcmuntrngdngnhmVngVnnglmchocctngDng
Vnc,itNguynChnhThibtmnvhchorngtngVvTrungtnglngicaPhp,lbnthncaNguynVnHinhvclin
hviTrnnhLan,mtthconTyanglmginipchoPhp.
Chnhthi"thiucchmng"caHingQunNhnCchMnglnguynnhnchnhyuchonhmNguynKhnh,CaoVnVin,Trn
453/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Chnhthi"thiucchmng"caHingQunNhnCchMnglnguynnhnchnhyuchonhmNguynKhnh,CaoVnVin,Trn
ThinKhim,nhngtngtCnLaocvnhmiVitcangNguynTnHonlyldolmcucchnhl,mtcucchnhlmKhnh
tuynblvHQNCMtoratnhhnhsuyspvchtrng"thnPhpvtrunglp".
Ngy3011964,tsngsm,ngitathymtsnvqunicanhgctrnnhiugcng,cniccchinxa.MtstngthptiB
TngThamMugmNguynKhnh,TrnThinKhim,DngVnc,LmVnPht,NguynVnThiu,NguynChnhThi,DngNgcLm,
CaoVnVin,TrnThanhBn,AlbertCao,v.v...raquytnhchmdtnhimvcaHQNCM.Cctngn,Kim,VbbtantrtiLt,
tngMaiHuXunbbtantrHu.ThtngNguynNgcThcngbbtvbtngclmnhcnhngctrtdongay.
Ngy31thng1,tngKhnhhpbotuynb:"Tbathngnay,tnhhnhsuyspvmimt,chnhquyntrabtlc.Vphncchmng,mt
stnglnhchytheothcdn,CngSn(?)nnmtlnnaquniliphicanthip".TngKhnhgiithch:"Khngcochnh,chc
chnhlchnhquyntheongngliCchmng".ngtacngtuynbcHingQunNhnclmChtchkimTngTlnhQun
i.HingQunNhnCchMngcitnthnh"HingQuniCchMng".
Nhngtngtchtrngcucchnhlnygmnhiuthnhphn,tiubiunhiuxuhng,nhngchlcngoitngKhnhvmtssquan
cptthucngiVitcabcsNguynTnHonvngHThcKcnmtstngtthucchDim.
CucchnhlmmnchonhngxotrnchnhtrtiminNamlmlchhnnhngnghacangyCchmng11163.NhvnThUyn,
chucavnhocchmngNhtLinhNguynTngTamclithantrchnhsauticthngchongnlaCchmngsmtt:
...Mtthngsau,tixincphpvSiGn.TicngThixungnghatrangGicMinhthmmBativmngiBc(NguynTngTam).Tn
hngrav,tigpLam(nhvnDuyLamcnglmtnhvnquninhThUyn).Haianhnnhau,mtLamstli,rngcnchtlychic
pipe:"nlcphilmmtcig".CunimnhttcconchuvticnhngngikhiNhtLinhcnsngkhngnghontonvici
sngcang.Chiu26thng10nm1963,LamtLtvvtitPleikuxunggpnhautiSiGn.Ngitrongkhurngmaumtmcamti,
Lambnvcucochnhangchunb.Mtvbavykhpni,xitchtnnictilnLamung:"Trongmttunna,nukhngc
ochnhhschomnhvotht".Chiu28,anninhcnhnmongmanhnLamquytnh:"ThiDuii,Bcdnphititkimnhnlc.
mnhanhli,cthuanltDulnsau".Sngsmhmsautilnngtrvnv,sutngyquanhqunchicmyphtthanh.Haingy
sauochnh,tinmmmyphtthanhchotisng.Bivnulnnythtbi,hntrongnghatrangGicMinhsthmmLam.Vkhnghn
chthmmtmmthi.ochnhthnhcngvCchmngthnhcng,khingiconthcaNhtLinhbcvophnghpBTngThamMu,
TrungtngDngVnMinhyucutonthHQNCMngmcnimmtphtnhvnNhtLinhvcchmnggiaNguynTngTam.Vcuc
Cchmngchmdtsauphty.Sauchnhtrbtu,thchnhtrmchnhngicmcnimbaolnchibtrongi1.
ThchnhtrphncchmngmThUyntrnhbyyticnuichnhnghasngrccangy1111963lgnukhngphilnhngh
qucaucbphitngcsinhsivnuidngtdichDimmtrchtlbphicadngCnLaoCngGioangtm
cchlenlilivonhngkhehcamtchnhphcnyut.RingivinhngnhmPhtttranhuthvichstthiutNhungcnldu
hiucastrlichnhquyncangiCnggiovtndcangDim.Vvycnhnghnhnglmchoshnloncngthmtrm
trng2.
Ngy12,chnhphNguynNgcThbgiitn,tngKhnhtipNgoigiaoonvbanhnhsclutt"chnghaCngSnvchnhsch
trunglp"rangoivngphplut.Cngngyny,chtchidinSinhvintchc,mtHinggm15chtchccphnkhoacclnthay.
Tronglc,chnhphHoaKcngtuynbchnggiiphpTrunglptiVitNam,vngyhmsau,TngthngJohnsongithxcnhvi
TrungtngNguynKhnhlMvntiptcgipVitNam.
454/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrungtngNguynKhnhlMvntiptcgipVitNam.
Ngy52,BcsNguynTnHonvnc.Cngngyny,HingccGimmcratuynngnkugionkt.
Ngy72,HingQuniCchMngquytnhctngDngVnMinhgiquynhnhQuctrngvctngKhnhthnhlpchnhph.
Ngy82,chnhphNguynKhnhraivithnhphnniccdiy:
Thtng:TrungtngNguynKhnh.
PhThtngctrchBnhnh:BcsNguynTnHon(iVitminNam).
PhThtngctrchKinhtTichnh:TinsNguynXunOnh.
PhThtngctrchVnhaXhi:ThiutngMu.
Qucvkhanh:BcsLVnHoch(cuThtngCaoi).
TngtrngNgoigiao:BcsPhanHuyQut(iVitminBc).
TngtrngNiv:KsHThcK(ivitminTrung).
TngtrngCngchnh:KsKiulTrnNgcOnh(Cnggio).
TngtrngQucgiaGiodc:TinsBiTngHun(Phtgio).
TngtrngQucphng:TrungtngTrnThinKhim.
TngtrngCitinNngthn:KsNguynCngHu(HaHo).
TngtrngYt:BcsVngQuangTrng(clp).
TngtrngLaong:ngmSHin(nguyncvnccnghiponcngnhnlaong).
TngtrngThngtin:ngPhmThi,mtchinsVNQD.
TngtrngTichnh:TinsNguynXunOnh.
TngtrngKinht:TinsuTrngThanh(trthccptin).
TngtrngTphp:LutgiaNguynVnMu(Cnggio).
TngtrngXhi:TinsTrnQuangThun(Phtgio).
455/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngtrngXhi:TinsTrnQuangThun(Phtgio).
BtrngPhThtng:LutsNghimXunHng(DuyDn).
Nhnthnhphndnstrnymiaslnhngchuynvinhocnhngngicqutrnhutranhkhtn,tathychnhphNguynKhnh
qutphpcmt"kp"ckhnngtrnmtiuhnhqucgiacngnhctnhcchtiubiuchosonktdntc.Mtimcnlu
ldbathngtriqua,nhnghnhnhcanhng"ngihngCchmng"vcbitcatngDngVnMinh,vnlnhnghnhnhhng
trngmqunchnggirtnhiucmtnh,thmcucchnhlcatngNguynKhnhcngkhnggpmtphnngbtlinoc.
Ldnhin,ngoitrkhiCngGioCnLaoangmongchvnggpchomixotrnhcthhhvimicmthvvicquni
ltngDim,nhngthnhphncnlicanhndnu,mtmtno,ngvisthayichnhphnyvnhngldosauy:
TrchtvKhnhingtmlqunchng,nhtlivigiisinhvin,ngphi,tngio,HingNhnS,vcclclngchngCngkhc
khiKhnharachiubichngTrunglp,chngPhp.mmucaanhemngDimnhPhplmtrunggianthngthuytviHNivnm
nhnngnmingi,trongkhithchnhschngoigiaocaPhpvnchtrnghaiminNamBcVitNamphithngnhtquamtcuc
TngtuyncnhquyinhbiHipcGenve,vringTngthngDeGaullecngngycngtrathnHNi.TronglcPhpkiuti
minNamvntiptcgipVitcng,ccnincaPhpvntiptcchachp,nuidngVitcng.
iviccngphivtngiothchnhphNguynNgcThgmnhiunhnvtcachctrongkhichnhphNguynKhnhlitphp
cnhiunhnvttiubiuidinchocctngiovngphi.PhtgiocccngBiTngHun,TrnQuangThun,Cnggiocccng
TrnNgcOnh,NguynVnMu,CaoicngLVnHoch,HaHocngHunhCngHu,VitQuccngPhmThi,iVitccc
ngNguynTnHon,PhanHuyQut,HThcK,DuyDncngNghimXunHng...
iu th ba l mc d Hi ng Qun Nhn Cch Mng c b gii tn nhng nhiu nhn vt ct cn trong vic lt ch Dim nh cc tng
DngVnMinh,TrnThinKhim,Mu,...vnhindintrongchnhquynmi.Shindincabavtngnitrn,dnhiukhichctnh
cchtngtrng,vnthamncPhtgio,sinhvin,viasqunchngchngichngchDim.
CniviCnggio,tuymangnngmithmthvicctnglnhltchDimnhngcucchnhlcatngKhnhlmhtha
mnrtnhiuvhchorngcihoquangcacucCchmng11163bstm,cihuynthoi"ngihng"catngDngVnMinhb
v...Vli,ccngCaoVnVin,AlbertCao,ngVnQuang,DngNgcLm,NgDu...nhngphnttrungthnhvingDim,vnc
trngdngvvicThiutNguynVnNhung(ngihstngDim)bgittitriNhyDcaCaoVnVincnglyutlmthamnkhi
Cnggiotrn.
iviM,vncnhiucmtnhvitngKhnhtlu,bitlvtngthngminh,ckhnngquns,lithychnhphcatngKhnh
tiubiuchos"onktqucgia"nnchnhgiiMbytnhiuhyvng.
NhngyutvanitrncngcavchotngKhnhvlmchochnhtnhminNamtrongmythngudichnhphKhnhkhnggp
nhngxotrntrmtrngno.
Ngy84,BtrngQucphngMacNamaravtngTaylorsangVitNamquansttnhhnh.nHu,CnThvccnikhc,haingcn
tipbngnhngcucmttinhrmr.Hngth,MacNamarahkhuhiu"VitNamMunNm"bngtingVit.MtuynbnghchnhphKhnh
vgiatngvintrchoVitNam.HoaKgiptngqunsVitNamCngHathm50.000ngitngthm7.500cnbXydngNngthn,
tngcnglclngHi,Khngqunvinhiudngc,vkh,tubtntin.TngstinvintrchoringqunsvchngtrnhBnhnhln
456/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tngcnglclngHi,Khngqunvinhiudngc,vkh,tubtntin.TngstinvintrchoringqunsvchngtrnhBnhnhln
n50triula.
Tuynhin,khngnhDngVnMinhvNguynNgcThchmunlmcchmngnha,muntthionktviCnLaoCngGio,cc
tngNguynKhnh,TrnThinKhim,DngVnc,itNguynChnhThi,ccsquaniVit,vthnhphnchnhphgmias
nhngnhnvttngchngichDim,limunnuidngtinhthnCchmng11163vtthicngrnvitndcangCnLao
theoihicasinhvin,ngphi,Caoi,HaHo,Phtgio.Do,KhnhchomnhngcuctrinlmtrngbyticnhNg,ralnhtruy
lngnhngnhnvtquantrngcachcnhcuBtrngNguynnhThunchnghn,vngiamgiNgTrngHiu,vnaNgnh
Cn,PhanQuangngratavibnnxt,vngS,DngVnHiu...vibnnkhsai.ChnhphNguynKhnhcngbibDs10bt
cngvbanhnhsclutcngnhnHinchngcaGioHiPhtGioVitNamThngNht,hinchngoCaoi,cctngionyc
bnhngviGiohiCnggio.
VihnnanmthunlichochnhphNguynKhnh,giamttnhhnhchnhtrtngimdu,bochvvonNguynKhnhviNasser,
bivsaukhiquniAiCpdotngTngThammutrngcmultvuaFarouk,TrungtNasser(cngnhtngKhnh)ltlunvch
huycamnhrinmlychnhquyntrthnhngihngcaAiCp.
Tuynhin,tnhhnhthunlivnchachnhphNguynKhnhbnhthnghasinhhotqucgiavcngcch.Vdibmt
bnhlnglnhngtsngngmbtuchuynng,nhngtsngngmxutphttphnngqukhchcamtstngio,tthcb
phiqunngn,tnhngphhoicaVitcngvtnhngutrchnhtrcamtsgiaitnglnhomtminmquabtiuhaoht
thccchmng.
TiHu,nhmccngLKhcQuyn,TnThtHanh,MaiVnL,CaoHuyThun,LTuyn...(chacaHingNhnDnCuQucsauny)
choxutbnboLpTrnglmcquanutranhmchinthututinlkchnngnchnhphNguynKhnhvinhngluniukhch
ngvkhuynho.CntiSiGnthngHThcK,BtrngNivlimmuochnhlttngKhnh.VouthngT,saumtbui
hpcaHingNicc,ThtngNguynKhnhbnhpringvibavPhThtngvchobittrnghpcangHThcK.Khnhc
bitnithngviPhThtngNguynTnHonrng:"ngHThcKnhnlimicatigichcBtrngBNiVvcnhiuvic
lmtaitingvtinbc,thmnglimmuvimtssquannhltti.NutikhngnanhvngiVitthtibtgiamanhH
ThcKri".
NhngbmtctitldndnsauchobitngiVitchtrngangNguynTnHonvslmThtng,nhngtngKhnh
lidngchiphihpcngtinhnhcucchnhlvdnhlunchcThtng.ngKbtmnvchorngnhngnhnvttntuinh
ng,nhbcsNguynTnHon,tnglnhomtngcchmngcthnhtchchngCng,chngPhp,chngDimmliphiphcvdi
quynmtkvbinnhNguynKhnh.Tuynhin,tronglcngKchtrngchngtngKhnhthnhmBcsHonvngNguynNgcHuy
lithyrngngiVitchathclcchiphichnhtrngnncnphitmthihptcvitngKhnh,nmlythic"BnhnhNng
thn"phttrinngvin,bnhtrngthlc,tiudithtngcsVitcngtrcrisnmlychnhquynquamtcucbucchodanh
chnhngnthunhn.
Vquannimvchtrngbdit,tngHThcKtchrikhingdongHonlnho,thnhlpngmilytnliVitCchMng
mchlclkhingvinTrThinvPhYn,hptcvinhmTnNguynLongChu(thnCng,bchDimbtgiam,cBtrng
NivHThcKtrtdo)vnhmCnLaoCngGio.CnnhmccngNguynTnHon,NguynNgcHuycitbmyngvitnl
TniVit.
TngLmVnPhtcclmBtrngNivthayngHThcKtronglcngingchvbnnikhcangKlonThi,vbtng
457/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngLmVnPhtcclmBtrngNivthayngHThcKtronglcngingchvbnnikhcangKlonThi,vbtng
chnhkinvvnhngmuthuntrongvtinbcgiangtavngK,nnvnlihptcvitnBtrng,lnnngKqukhch,tham
nhng,khngthcthi.
V"iVit"nitrnvvboLpTrngminTrunggylngtngchochnhph,gyhoangmangchoqunchng,domthlcsinhvin,
quni,Phtgio,Cnggiobtuphtngnhngplcchnhtrchoquynlivchtrngcamnh.
VphaPhtgio,nhngrnntngmngmgiaThngtaTmChuvicctngsminTrungvminNambtulranningy155
1964,haiThngtaThchTmChuvTrQuangphicngrathngbch:"KhnghcsrnntgiaccnhlnhoPhtgio,nhtlgia
haianhemchngti".NhngthngbchcahaiThngTakhngtrnanniPhttmcnxcnhthmnhngmuthuntronghngtng
chng,vnguynnhnchnhcasmuthunlThngtaTmChuthnha,munthahipviccchnhphtronglckhuynhhngca
ThngtaTrQuangthchnglisphchicakhiCngGioCnLao.
VphaCnggio,tuythamnvicucchnhlnhngvncmthPhtgiomhcholnguynnhncacucltchDim.th,
nhngvnthnhngNgnhCn,PhanQuangng,nhngbnnkhsaidnhchomtscnbCnLao,cuctrinlmticnhNg,
nhnglikchnngnchDimngytrnccbocngnhnhngkhuhiu"BitrCnLao"casinhvincnglmchokhiCnggio
angmangymccmphmtitrnnxcng,cmtchn.MtshotiHucnhngcucbiutnh"occhmng"nnita
TnggimmcSiGnphirathngcominhnhlptrngchungcaGiohiCnggio.
Ngy2351964,TaTnggimmcSiGn,quathinhacaGimmcNguynVnBnh,rathngco:"Khngralnhtchcbiutnh
mcngkhngchpnhnmtcucbiutnhno,giodncntrnhbiutnhnhnngyPhtn".NhngriclvbplccakhiCnggiodi
cnnngyhmsau,GimmcNguynVnBnhliphirathngcothhai:"ChkhuyntrnhbiutnhtrongngyPhtnmthi,cnthgio
dnctdophtbiuquannimchnhtrcamnhtheoththcnocholhplnht".
ivinhngphntCnggioqukhch,thngcothhaicaTaTnggimmckhngnhngcdindchnhmtskhuynkhchm
cnlmthiulnh.Ngy7thng6nm1964,29hoHNaivvngphcnSiGncnghngvngiodnthnhbiutnhticng
trngLamSnviccbiungnh"LtmtnbnlidngcchmngnpCnggio","Mdnlphnbidnch","nghcuctranh
ucaCnggiominTrung".Vngy15664,tiHu,hngngngiodnxungngbiutnhvicngmtlplunnhcucbiutnhca
giodntiSiGn.HaicucbiutnhutindoCnggiotchctotinlchonhngcucbiutnh,xungngsaunycasinhvin
vPhtgio.
Cnvphasinhvinthchongianm1964chmicnhngmbiutnhnh,ihinhngquynlilinhnvngiodchnlchnh
tr,vccutchccaccnhchlnhocasinhvinchmitronggiaionphithainnchavnngcnhngcucbiudngrmr
noc.
TuynhnthynhngmmmngnilonnhngtngKhnhkhngnhgingmctmquantrngvvintngcngphcansauny
nnvnkhngengitnhhnhxotrn.Ngcli,Khnhchloxydngvthcamnhbngcchvhiuhauytncacctngn,Xun,Kim,
nh,VtrongmtcucxtxtiLt,vbngcchthngthngchomtsitvgiaochohnhngavnngcttrongcbangnhHi,
Lc,Khngqunmuachuccmtnh.
itTrnThanhBn,mtcngsvinthntncatngKhnhcbnhimchcTnggimcCnhstCnganngaysaukhichnhl,cn
chctrngSiGnthdotngDngNgcLm(emrcacuDnbiuCaoMinhcanhNg),vnlbnthncatngKhnhvc
cngtrongcucchnhl,nmgi.TngKhnhgiitnHingNhnSdotngDngVnMinhthnhlptrithtingnichnhthcca
458/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cngtrongcucchnhl,nmgi.TngKhnhgiitnHingNhnSdotngDngVnMinhthnhlptrithtingnichnhthcca
giiilphpphp.nmbochvnctdongnluntsauCchmng111,ngKhnhchothnhlpHingBoChlpQuych
Boch,mtrongciulccchbophittnghiptcctrngbochhochnhnghbocht7nm,phikquvkkhaisvn
vnguynlai.Ngy1764,ngKhnhchothnhlponTuynyPhtgiotrongqunimsutchnnmdichDimchabaogit
chcnycthitlpdCnggiohayTinLnhccquanTuynytlu.
Ngy2071964,nhdu10nmngychiacttnc,mtcucbiutnhvichatngthytithSiGnctchctrngthti
cngtrngLamSnlnnthcdn,CngSnvknimngyQucHn(snironsau).
m20thng7,sinhvinSiGnthpucdinhnhtrnnhiunglnritchcmkhngngtitrngihcVnKhoahithov
tnhhnhtncvsuyngmvngytncbchiai.
Sng217,hn100sinhvinbiutnhtrcTaisPhp,txevpph,gymtsthithikhinchnhphPhpgikhngthvibi
thng.
Nhnghotngbiudngcasinhvindmtphnnocdoccngphivtngioiungthngcli,lmchongiMtha
mn.idinchochnhphMtiSiGnlisTaylorvitngWestmorelandtraphnkhithytinhthnchngCngcaqundn
minNamcphchisaunhnghoangmanggiaongcabincPhtgio.
Nmvngcquni,cngiMhtlngngh,liccmtnhcaCaoi,HaHo,Phtgio,Khnhmmuthchinmng"mu
bvng",thamvngtrthnhmtHQuLycathk20.
Thtvy,chunbtmlqunchng,ngy2671964,Khnhksclnhnhngy4v11thng10nm1964stchccucbucccHi
ngNhndnaphng,nhnghingmchDimbibtnm1954lmchonhndnrtbtmn.Cntith,nicthccc
cucbiutnhchngi,KhnhlidngvicVitcngcthgiatngcchotng,banhnhtnhtrngkhntrngtiSiGnGianh.
Ngy7864,Khnhchotilpchkimduytboch.
Ngy11864,KhnhthngKhim(anglBtrngQucphng)lncpitng,thngThiutngchoCaoVnVin,TnThtXng,Chung
TnCang,NguynCaoK,NguynChnhThi,PhmVnng,BiHuNhn,CaoHoHn,NgDu,vthngChuntngchoccitNguyn
cThng,NguynXunTrang,AlbertCao,NguynVnKim,ngVnQuang,VnhLc,LNguynKhang,HongXunLm.
iviPhtgio,KhnhhasthngtaytrngtrnhngkcnchtrngkthPhtgiokhiphionThngTaThinMinhngpKhnh
trnhbyhsvvnpPhtgioccaphng(btbngXuyn,tnhTuyPhc,sthiPhttAnThnh...)donhiunhm
CnLaominTrungchngvcChuntngNgDu(mtCnggioCnLao)chhuyvngNamNgiymtr.
Tinvonhngyut,nhngbincmtngKhnhcholthunli,ngy16864,ngtriutpmtbuihpcctnglnhVngTuban
hnhmthinchngmivbuTrungtngNguynKhnhlmChtchncVitNamCngHa.Theohinchngny,ChtchcnlQuc
trngvtptrungnhiuquynhncbitscmtQuchilmthigm100ibiudns,50ibiuqunnhn,cnHingQuni
CchMng(mKhnhlChtch)vnlcquanchoticaocaqucgia.Sau,nhiuaphngvonthgiinvnvkinngh"nhit
lithoannghnhhinchngbanbnglc","knhdngTrungtngChtchlichcmngnngnhit","nguynngtmnhttronktsau
lngChtchvHingQuniCchMng"...(bochSiGncngtinhngkinnghvdinvnny).MtsQuctrngnhPhiLut
Tn,iHn...giinvnmngChtchNguynKhnh.
459/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tn,iHn...giinvnmngChtchNguynKhnh.
Nhngtipnitruynthngchngctivtrungngtpquynmthitngbiuhinquangy11163micch9thng,ngy19v
20thng8,sinhvinSiGntphpngotitrsngDuyTnhithovlptrngvthiiviHinchngVngTu.Ngy22,
sinhvinxungngtvkotiphThtngakinnghphniHinchng,ithnhlpchnhphmi,itnglnhtrvnhimv
quns,idittrCnLaovThcCngnnptrongchnhquyn.
Ngy23,sinhvinhcsinhbiutnhquatrngJeanJacquesRousseau(saunycitnlTrunghcLQun)kugihcsinhtrng
Phpnythamdcuctranhu,ritiBThngtinchtvnTngtrng,ibibchkimduytbochvpphmtsc.Cng
ngyny,chngvitrmngi(mngitanghilmtnhmgiodnqukhchdotngDngNgcLmvitTrnThanhBntchc)ixe
buttitrssinhvinngDuyTnvigygc,daoba,pphtchynhiuccatrssinhvin.
Ngy25864,sinhvin,hcsinhvhngchcngnngbotphptrcchBnThnhtngnimnsinhQuchThTrang,rikotiPh
ChtchngThngNhtvoHinchngVngTu,octi.Trckhth,tngKhnhphiragpmtonbiutnhv
cngh"octi",vhasxtligpvn.Cngngynyvtrctnhhnh,HQCMphihpkhncptiBTngThammu
tholun.
Ngy26,nhiutinphchavphnhthcnikhpTh,PhttxncanhgcVinHaovtngQuchThTrang,cncc
khuCnggiocngsingchunbdao,ba,gygc.
TronglcthtiNng,mtonbiutnhcaPhtgiokhikoquatrcmttriqunM,vkhinghetingsngcalnhMbnchthin,
honghtchytrnvoxmThanhBgn,lclngtvCnggiotngbtncngnniphlivsinhrau.Haibncht11ngiv
bthng42ngi.
Cngngy,HingQuniCchMnghplintcthmqua,ratuynco"thuhiHinchngVngTu",sbunguynthqucgiathc
hinccccudnch.Qunistrvcngvqunsvychnhphhinthitmiukhinqucgia.
Ngy27864,HingQuniCchMngbuTamuChgmbatngDngVnMinh,NguynKhnhvTrnThinKhimlmyBan
Lnh o Quc Gia, v giao cho chnh ph Nguyn Khnh tip tc nhim v vi cng tc khn cp triu tp mt Quc dn i Hi trong vng hai
thng.TronglcnhngtnglnhhihpthchnghaingngiodnnhiungkotitrcBTngThammuvigy,dao,baivogpHi
ngQuniCchMng.Htrngbiung"nghHingQuniCchMng,chngCngSnvchngTrunglp,chngvphhoii
phtthanhvBThngtin,chngmmuchiarvchngDngVnMinh".Quncnhngncnnhngmngicxnglnphcachnhnn
nvphngvBTngThammubnchtbnngivlmbthng11ngi,mtbinhsbchmvmtbthng.ChonkhitngKhnh
saitngHunhVnCao(ngiCnggio)raphd,onbiutnhmichugiitn.
Vokhonghaigichiu,mtonbiutnhCnggiokhckotiiphtthanhitruynimtbntuynngn,rikoquangPhannh
PhngkhiukhchhcsinhtrngTrunghcNguynTrngT(thnPhtgio).HcsinhtrngnybngicuvinhcsinhtrngCaoThng
(thnPhtgio)chngtrlimbiutnh.Cucugycho13ngibthng,chaihcsinhbmcht.LinhmcHVnVuivThng
taThchTungphitihagiimiti7gitimingimichugiitn.
Tihm,cthnhtrnncngthng.CckhuCnggioTrngMinhGing,PhNhunbongvcthanhninCnggionggc
ccung,cntiVinHaovchBnThnhcngnhannhnnhngthanhninvPhttngcanh.
460/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TaTngGimmcvVinHaobnrathngcochungkhuyncotnhaibnphibnhtnhvtrnhmixchng.BogiiThv
Tachnhcngkugidnchnggihakhvtrtt.
Ngy2881964,nhngcucxotrnrirengiathnhvntiptc,ngoiPhttvgiodnxxtnhau,nhiunhmdungcnglidngs
hnloncpbc.m28,cccucngvntipdinnnilnhNhyDphinsnglmchohaingichtv48ngibthng.
Cngngy28,ThtngNguynKhnhhpbokchccngNguynTnHonvHThcKmmuochnh.PhThtngNguyn
XunOnhcthaynhimThtngiukhinchnhph.Tnhtrnggiinghimcbanhnh.
Ngy308,BTngTLnhrathngco"Quniquytchngccvbiutnhvphhoi,vscngquytnsngnucn".
Ngy19,PhThtngNguynTnHontchc.ThngTaThchTmChurathngbch"nhngvicxyrangy28chngtPhtgiovn
beda,chnhquynphidtkhotvinhmngithucchc...Nungy27thng10mnguynvngcaPhtgiochatthsbith
bikha..."
Ngy79,TrungtngDngVnMinhcbulmChtchBanLnhoLmThiQucGiavQunLc.
Ngy89,mtThngHingQucGiacthnhlpgm16nhnstntuilccng:PhanKhcSu,LVnThu,NguynVnHuyn,Trn
nhNam,TrnVnVn,TrnVnQu,NguynVnLc,NguynXunCh,HVnNht,MaiThTruyn,NgGiaHy,LKhcQuyn,TnTht
Hanh,LngTrngTng,NguynnhLuyn,HcThng.
Ngy99,linhmcHongQunh,ChtchyBanTranhucakhiCnggiogithngchoThtngNguynKhnhtrchchnhphkhng
quantmnccvnpCnggiotrongnhngngyqua,vyucuiutravt,giiquytccvNng,QuyNhn,vvnhianninh,
nukhngCnggiostvvkhngchutrchnhimvcchuqucthxyra.
Cngngyny,ccngBiTngHun,TrnQuangThunvcctnglnhtrongchnhphNguynKhnhantchc.TngDngNgc
Lm(trngSiGnChLn)cngTrnVnHngthayth,vitNguynQuangSanhthaythitTrnVnBn(Tnggimc
Cngan).CctngXun,n,Kim,nh,VctrtdotrvSiGn.
TnhhnhtngnnhnhsdnxpcacccplnhoPhtgiovCnggio,nhvictnglnhtrvquni,nhshindinca
ThngHingQucGiagmnhiunhnvttntui,nhstrlichcv"lnhoQucgialmthi"catngDngVnMinh,khngng
ngy139TrungtngDngVncvThiutngLmVnPht(Cnggio)likoqunvSiGnGianhchimngmtsaim,
kchtngNguynKhnhvnhndanhHingQunDnCuQuctuynbtilptrttbphhoicnguyquynqucgiabmitth.C
tinnvnydolclngngiVitvvinhmCnggiophtng.TngKhnhangLtvilniphtthanhlnnhaitngc
vPht,tronglcnhiutngkhcnhmhptiBTlnhKhngquntmphngthciph.
Ngy14964,cctnglnhtiptchptiBTlnhKhngqunvralnhchotngcphirtqunvccvtrc,nukhngschophic
ntncng.Tngcnhngbrtqunnnkhngxyravxxtnoc.Tronglcthsinhvinlihithovxungngbiutnh
odngCnLaomutoanochnh.
Ngy16,ThtngKhnhtrvSiGnralnhiutravochnhht,mtsnhnvtdnsCnggiobbt.Ngyhmsau,mtstngt
linquannbinc139bcchchctrongcTrungtngDngVnc,ThiutngLmVnPht,ThiutngDngNgcLm,it
461/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
linquannbinc139bcchchctrongcTrungtngDngVnc,ThiutngLmVnPht,ThiutngDngNgcLm,it
HunhVnTnvTrungtDngHiuNgha.
Ngy21,hngngnthanhnindoHingNhnDnCuQuctiHuxchngnhchimiphtthanhvnhiucsHuvQuyNhn,
ngthilngbtCnLao.PhanThitcnghngngnthanhninphtngphongtrotranhudittrCnLaovnhiucucxxtxyra.
Ngy27964,ngPhanKhcSucbulmChtchThngHingQucGia.
TnhThaThincngnhiutnhkhcTrungphnlp"HingNhnDnCuQuc"thanhtonCnLao.
HingChoSinhvinHcsinhquytnghvthngco"Chngngphichnhtrxenlnvohcngvchngmislicunsinhvinlm
chnhtr".
Ngy289,nhiucucbiutnhbongtiptcxyraQuyNhn.
TngHiSinhVinnhmhpphniccvgyricaHingNhnDnCuQucTrungphn,yucuccgiionkt,yucutrngtrd
ngCnLao.
Ngy210,ccHingNhnDnCuQucvnhotngqukhchvnhnhmihiHunnhchnhschchung.
Ngy510,HingChoSinhvinhptirpThngNhtkchvlnnccHingNhnDnCuQuctiminTrung.
Ngy810,susinhvintHuvohpbotuynbnghHingNhnDnCuQuc.
Ngy2210,ThtngNguynKhnhtuynbtiPleiku"Qunilchaqucgia".
Ngy2410,ThngHingQucgiatuynnhimChtchPhanKhcSulmQuctrngvbuBcsNguynXunChlmQuynChtch
ThngHing.TngTrnThinKhimcclmisVitNamtiHoaK.
Ngy2610,BanLnhoQucgiaQunLc(dotngDngVnMinhlmChtch)chnhthcchuyngiaoquynhnhchotnQuctrng
PhanKhcSu.
Ngy3010,giosTrnVnHngcQuctrngPhanKhcSubnhimlmThtng.
Ngy411,chnhphTrnVnHngramtvimtthnhphnnicchontondns.TrungtngNguynKhnhcclmTngTlnh
Quni.TngHiSinhvinnhmhp,tddtvthnhphnniccnhngmongrngchnhphcchnhschcchmngthts.
Ngy511,bcsNguynXunChtchcQuynChtchThngHingvkhngngvsthnhlpchnhphTrnVnHng.
Ngy611,sinhvinSiGnlinhmhpkchthnhphnniccvixtlitondinvnvchnhnThngHingvldocnhiu
phntgychiar.(Cchorngchnhphca"ngiNamk").
Ngy711,cnhiutinnsinhvinvPhttsxungngphnichnhph,cngngyny,TrungtngDngVnMinhccranc
462/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy711,cnhiutinnsinhvinvPhttsxungngphnichnhph,cngngyny,TrungtngDngVnMinhccranc
ngoilmcphivincaQuctrngtingoiquc.
Ngy911,BThngtintuynb"Chnhphkhngcit,khngtchc".
Ngy1111,sinhvinSiGntiptchithosini,tuynbkhngthchi,phihnhngmnh,khngchumtchnhph"chuynvingi
nualibnhmTinhThngitdy".
Ngy1311,ThtngTrnVnHngtrlimithcmccaThngHingvtuynb"Phitilpuyquynqucgia,tchrichnhtrkhi
tngio,atngiorakhichnhtr".
Ngy1611,sinhvinytkinQuctrngPhanKhcSu,yucugiitnchnhphTrnVnHng.Cngngy,ThngHingquytnhlp
mtUbaniutravthnhphnchnhph.
Ngy1811,lutsLVnThucbulmChtchThngHingQucgia.
Ngy2011,vnphngThtngchobit148nhtrthc,kginghchnhphvThtng.
Ngy2211,biutnhlnnhiunivinhiubiungkchchnhphTrnVnHng.
Ngy2411,ThngTaThchTmChugithlnQuctrngPhanKhcSuvThngHingyucucthidtkhotvicuckhng
honghinti.Nhiutrnghcbikha.Cngngyny,haitngDngVnMinhvNguynKhnhcthngitng.
Ngy2511,hcsinhtrngHngLcngTrnQucTonbikhaphnibinphpbtbnhngngibiutnh.Cnhsttibnm.
NhyDphicanthip.Buichiu,nhiumngikhcligianhplclnghcsinhnmvocnhst,quniliphicanthipchon9
gimmigiitn:85ngibthng,238ngibbt,cngngyny,cctrnghclibngcachonkhiclnhmi.
Ngy2711,chnhphbanhnhlnhthitqunluttiSiGnGianhtrongmtthng.VinHaotuynbtmthingcangnghotng.
Ngy2811,ThtngTrnVnHngtuynb"khnglibc,phidngmicchtilptrtt".BcsNguynXunChhpbotuynb:"...
cngvinhiungphithnhlpmtHingDnTcCchMngcuvntnhth".
Ngy412,cctnglnhhptiLttuynbnghmtchnhphdnslnhmnhyunckhngbmtplcno,ngthidbthit
lpmtHingQunLc.
Ngy812,ThtngTrnVnHngphnischnhmtybancaThngHingxtlithnhphnchnhph.
Ngy1312,ctincTngthngThchTnhKhit,ccThngTaTrQuangvTmChutuytthc24gi.
Ngy1712,mtstnglnhtrytkinQuctrngvtrnhbyvvicchomtstnggivhu.
Ngy1812,"HingQunLc"cthnhlpdomthunlnhcaTngTlnhNguynKhnhvimcch"gipTngTlnhvitcch
cvnvxabmibtcngthchinmtchnhschsdngnhnscngbngtrongquni".(ThnhlpHingQunLc,Khnhm
463/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cvnvxabmibtcngthchinmtchnhschsdngnhnscngbngtrongquni".(ThnhlpHingQunLc,Khnhm
musdngnnhmtcquanticaoidinqunivmtchnhtr).Cngngyny,BGioDcramtthngcoicnhcotrngno
cmcalimvnlnxnsbngcahn.c60trngnpnxinmcali.
Ngy2012,HingQunLcrathngco"khngtnnhimThngHingQucGiavgychiar,muachucmtstnglnh,cc
bphi",rituynbgiitnThngHing.SuhivincaThngHing,tngMuv14chnhkhch,gios,sinhvinbbtln
Kontum,Pleikuqunthc.
Cngngyny,tngKhnhranhtlnhtuynb:"Qunlckhngthchinchnhschngoibangnoc.Ththanhbchtrongclpcnhnl
giusangmtinhctrongnlngoibang".(Lurngtrongthigianny,HoaKvcbitisTaylortthichngivictng
Khnhvqunixenlnvochnhtr).ChaitaisHoaKlnAnhQucvkhiCnggiotiVitNamucngkhainghThtngTrn
VnHng.
Ngy2512,itngKhnhtuynbviboNewYorkHeraldTribune:"TngTaylorcnhnghnhngkhngthtngtngc,ng
mundngplcivigiihutrchVitNam.NungkhngkhoxththVitNamsmt.Mnntnhviclnvinhngaicthclcx
ny.ngTaylorkhngthbucdnVitNamphichungnhngnhlnhomdnVitNamkhngmun".(LituynbcatngKhnhhm
chcHingQunLcmicthclc,dochcngmilxngnglngilnhoqucgia).
Ngy1811965,saunhiummuhutrngvnhiuthahipchiagh,chnhphTrnVnHngtuychabltnhngphicitlivis
tham gia ca bn tng l Nguyn VnThiu ( nh PhTh tng),Trn Vn Minh (Minh nh)Tng trng Qun Lc, Linh Quang Vin (Tng
trngTmlchin),NguynCaoK(TngtrngThanhninThthao).Tuynhin,tngychnhphHngcitthkhiPhtgiolihotng
chngimnhlithn.Ngy20,ccThngtaTrQuang,TmChu,PhpTri,ThinHoa,HGicbtutuytthctronglcTngNiPhtt
tiptcbiutnh.Ngy22,hkontrcTaisMvibiung"HychodntcVitNamtquyt".
Ngy23,ThtngTrnVnHnghiutriuqucdn,kugimingilnhtrchnhimvitnhth,trnhccvxchngrilnn"llu
manhcourimcscphcTngNi..."vginhnghotngutranhcaPhtgiol"nhngtrkh".Cngngyny,cnhngcucttp
trcVinHaovmtgioskhithycongimnhtrongmngbiutnhyucumtitnhchobaroi.Quninhndpnh
lun69ckhc,micbaroiriuiv.m23tiHu,mtonbiutnhkotiphngThngtinHoaKnmvtchythvinMvi
5.000cunsch.PhlnhsMtichachybnm.SinhvinihcHutchngngivtchncclivolphc.TiNhaTrang,300
TngNituytthc.CccucbiutnhxotrndoPhtgio,HingNhnDnCuQucvsinhvingyravntipdinchonngy27thng
Gingnm1965mitmthilngdu.
Ngy271,HingQunLctuynco"Qunitrquyntngy27thng10chophadnsnhngtnhthmingymiriren".Sauba
ngytholun,HingQunLcquytnhynhimtngNguynKhnhgiiquytcuckhnghong,triutpngaymtHingQunDn
gm20idincctngio,nhnsvqunlc.
Ngy281,theoquytnhcaHingQunLc,QuctrngPhanKhcSuclunhim,PhThtngNguynXunOnhcclm
quynThtng.(HnhnhThtngTrnVnHngbcctnglnhemiclpVngTu).
Cngngyny,ThngtaTrQuanghpbochobitchmunngdungthnhngphntxuthucchcvngcoiPhtgiolCng
Sn.PhtgiokhngchngMnhngVitNamcngkhngthbhiulm(ltaysaicaM).
464/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy11265,cGioHongPaulVI,vGioHongnitingthnNgaSvthnHNi3kugingngchinVitNam.
Ngy 14 thng 2, i sTaylor tuyn b trong mt cuc phng vn "Nhn dn Vit Nam chn ngn v b tn cng mi m khng c tr a.
KhngcncthcoiBcVitlsohuytantonna".TMbtunmbomBcVitvsonsaemqunvominNam.
Ngy16265,thaynhimHingQunLc,itngNguynKhnhTngTlnhQuniVNCHkquytnhtuynnhimngPhanKhc
SulmQuctrngvbnhimngPhanHuyQutlmThtngthnhlpchnhphmi.Trongniccminy,CnggiocthmTrungtng
NguynVnThiu,PhtgiocbcsNguynTngNguyn,giosTrnQuangThunvksNgTrngAnh.
Ngy172,HingQunLcraquytnhthitlpHingQucGiaLpPhpgm20idinthnhphntngiovsutngt.Chtch
HingltngPhmXunChiu.
Ngy19265,itPhmNgcTho(Cnggio)komtlclngBbinhvchinxavSiGnchimngtriLVnDuyt,iphtthanhv
bnBchng.
TheotiniphtthanhbuichiuthmtsonththucLclngBovDntc(Cnggio)nidychngtngNguynKhnhthnhlp
mtchnhquyndns.
CctnglnhhpphitrngTnSnNht,tngKbaytrnThquansttnhhnhvralnhchoquninidyphirtluinukhngs
bnmbom.TronglcthiphtthanhBaXuyntruynlnhcaitngKhnhchoccbinhsblicunvocucnidyhytrvnv.
TiHu,LclngsinhvinhcsinhlnnLclngBovDntcvnhng"PhntCnLao"trongcucnidycaitPhmNgcTho.
Ngy20,trniphtthanhNhaTrang,ThngtaTmChukugiPhttngh"HingQunLc".TngNguynChnhThitHuvo
SiGnmnhimchcTlnhGiiphngTh,tichimcccsbquncaPhmNgcThochimhmqua,ralnhchoitThov13
squankhcphitrnhdintrong24gi,nhngThovmtssquancngnhngnhnvtCnggioutrn.Cngngyny,HingQun
LcnhmhpvquytnhthaythitngNguynKhnhbngtngTrnVnMinhtrongchcvTngTlnhQunivchorngtng
Khnhmmuxotrntrlinmchnhquyn.
Ngy21,tngNguynChnhThirathngconhnmnhncvngcchmngcaqunlcVNCHlDnch,CngbngvHabnh.Hai
tngKvThibtukthpvinhauchngKhnh.
Ngy22265,tngKhnhcbnhimchcisLungvTrungtPhmVnLiu(bnthncacctngThiu,ThivK)ccgi
chcTnggimcCnhstQucgia.
Ngy25265,tngNguynKhnhctngnhthngKimKhnhrimangtheomtnmtrikhiVitNamvilihnmtngynos
trvliquhng.QunlcVitNamchonngyhmcbnvitng,mtngchtvbangrai,draivichcis,mstht
lbnhmtngtruirakhiVitNam.VictngKhnhraitQunLcVNCHhontonnmtrongtaynhmtngtrYoungTurksaukhi
cc"tnggi"bhocchovhusmtngy311264,hocbuirakhiVitNam.Mts"tnggi"cnlinhTrnVnMinh,PhmXun
Chiu,LinhQuangVin,PhmVnng...lchchocctngtriungtungi,vicqucgiais,viclnhochintranhtnay
hontonnmtrongtaycctngtr,cbitlhaitngThiuvK.
Ngy272,giaThSiGn,mtsnginhndanh"PhongTroBoVHaBnh"(thnCng)ritruynn,gikinnghtuyntruynvvn
465/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy272,giaThSiGn,mtsnginhndanh"PhongTroBoVHaBnh"(thnCng)ritruynn,gikinnghtuyntruynvvn
habnhtiVitNam.(ThngtaThchQungLincchntrongPhongtrony).
Ngy3365,HingQunLccngbthnhlpUbanThngv:Tngthk,TrungtngNguynVnThiuUvinNgoigiao,Thiutng
Nguyn Cao K U vin Chnh tr,Thiu tng Linh Quang Vin U vinAn ninh,Thiu tng Phm Vn ng Ph tTng th k,Thiu tng
HunhVnCao.Cngngyny,ThiutngNguynCaoKcngbmtbctmthgingbovchinhu,phntchhintnhtnc,nhc
linithngkhvthtvngcadntcsutthikPhpthucvsutchnnmdichNgnhDim.BcthchobitQunlcsch
trngthchincuccchmngtondintrnmilnhvc.
Ngy8365,1.500ThyQunLcChinMutintiNng.CngcnnhclirngdichDim,tngsqunMtiVitNaml17.000
ngi,14thngsaukhichDimblt,qunsMtiminNaml23.000ngi.
Ngy11365,VinHaorathngco:"PhongTroTranhThHaBnh"caThngtaQungLinkhnglinquangnPhtgioc...Phong
trodoThngtathnhlpvitcchcnhn".BNivcngbdanhsch358ngikkinnghca"UBanVnngHaBnh"trong
c24sinhvin,77hcsinh,78laong,67ngibunbn,22cngchc,20giovin,11kgi,5ks,5bcs,dcs,3luts.Cngngy
ny,ngHMinhTr,cnbCaoi,ngimsthtTngthngNgnhDimnm1957ctrtdo.(ngHMinhTrbgiamlungym
khngchukhaitonbtchcmstcaCaoi).
Ngy17365,ThngtaQungLintchcChtchPhongTroBoVHaBnh.
Ngy21365,icThchNguynTtthiuphniVitcngchimchacngrungchavbti17PhtttiBnhTuy.
Ngy23365,HingQucGiaLpPhpratuynngntnthnhvicMgiThyQunLcChinsangthamchintiVitNam.Nu"dich
Dim,khiTngthngKennedyquytnhgi12.000lnhMtiNamVitNamchcchntocnhhngttivitinhthnngidnv
ngilnhminNam,khngphitheonghahontontrngmongngiMnhgich,mltheonghanhnthyduvtcthsquyttmca
MtronglicamktgipNamVitNam" 4,thnm1965,khiMbtugiThyQunLcChinvoNamVitNamvnmbomBcVit,ngi
qucgiachngCngchngnhngtrngthyquyttmcaMtrongvicgipminNammcntinrngBcVitsbspalichinthng
cuicngchoVitNamCngHa.Vth,cchnhphVitNam,cHingQucGiaLpPhp,vquniVitNamCngHachomng
quyttmcaTngthngJonhsontrongvicleothangchintranh.
Cngngy23,Hingchnhphquytnhchia160triubctchthucahNgchongbo,hcsinhvgianhbinhsngho,ngoiracn
bnugiccbtngsnvxnghipcngtrikhontchthucanhNg.
Ngy2465,nicThchHuThintmxngvongitoantthiutichaTVnGianhvthynhngaukhdochintranhgyranhngcc
Phttkpthicuc.
Ngy84,tiVXu,BnhTuy,VitcnglibtiicThchBoHuvmtsPhtt.
Ngy124,lgiTHngVngctchcvcngtrngthtisnvnngCngHa,rtngnhns,trthc,ngphi,sinhvinthamd.
Ngy204,SadiThchGicThanhtthiusauVinHaovthycnhtangtcvchintranh.
466/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy45,HingChnhphPhanHuyQutquytnhchmdtchngtrnhphtthanhcaphibVnhaPhptiVitNamvidinPhpti
SEATOcthibtthnthinviVitNam,ngthitrcxutthngtnvinAgeorgescaPhptnx.
Ngy55,HingQunLctuynbtgiitncctnglnhtrvavqunsthunty.
Ngy215,PhThtngthngcorngcquananninhbtc17qunnhnv12dnsmmuochnhngyhmqua.Nhngqun
nhntrnycngtnglincannvbiudnglclngcangPhmNgcThongy192.Mtsquantrongnhmbbntthng.
(NhmnythucnhhngCnggio).
Ngy255,ThtngPhanHuyQutcitchnhph.Giabuitrnhdin,QuctrngPhanKhcSuchobitkhngthkbnhimccng
NguynVnThonvNguynTrungVinhvlccngNguynHaHipvNguynVnVinhkhngtchc.
Cngngyny,ThngtaThchQungLin,nguynChtchPhongTroBoVHaBnh,saucucduhnhtiNhtvtiTnSnNhtthc
BNivyucungvncvcthblidng,nnngphipphicithngnThiLanvlunti.
Ngy265,QuctrngPhanKhcSuvThtngPhanHuyQutbytnhngbtngquanimvquynhnthaythBtrng.
Ngy 275, mt phi on i din Lc Lng on Kt Cng Gio do Linh mc Hong Qunh hng dn yt kin Quc trng cng Hi ng
QucgiaLpphp,akinnghkhngtnnhimThtngPhanHuyQutvyucuchnhThtngkhc.Ldovindn:chnhphQutgy
chiar,khngchngCnghuhiuvthnPhp(?).
Ngy1665,tronglccuckhnghongvviccitniccchagiiquytthLinhmcHVnVuihngdn60idincaMtTrnCngGio
VitNamnytkinQuctrngcngHingQucgiaLpphp,akinnghtngtnhkinnghcaLinhmcHongQunh,yucugii
tnchnhphPhanHuyQut.
Tngy2665,mtsLinhmc,chnhkhchthuccctngiovngphigikinnghlnQuctrngbttnnhimThtngPhanHuyQut.
Ngy36,ThtngPhanHuyQuthpcngmtstnglnhtholunvvickhnghongniccvsau,cngcctnglnhsangyn
kinQuctrngPhanKhcSu.Tronglcthmtsnhnvtkhclinhndanhcconth(11onth)gikinnghlnQuctrngvHi
ngQucgiaLpphpchngchiarvtnnhimThtngPhanHuyQut.TheotinUPIthchnhphHoaKvntnnhimchnhphPhanHuy
Qut.
Ngy46,nhiutruynnchngchnhphQutctungratrnnhiungng.
mmng56,vitrmngi(Cnggio)chngichnhphQutthptrnngTrngMinhGing,TrngMinhK,Gianh.Htmtxe
hi,hnhhung5vgythngtchchohaicnhstvin.
Ngy76,200cgithuccconthCnggiotidinhGiaLongytkinQuctrngcngChtchHingQucgiaLpphp,yucugii
quytgpcuckhnghongringilitrongDinht16n22gimichurav.
Ngy86,hn100thanhnin,sinhvin,hcsinhthuccconthThanhNinionKtvsinhvinhcsinhTDn(Cnggio)tidinhGia
Longyucugiiquytcuckhnghongvcnglit10gin16gimiv.Tronglc,LclngionKt(Cnggio)tchchp
467/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Longyucugiiquytcuckhnghongvcnglit10gin16gimiv.Tronglc,LclngionKt(Cnggio)tchchp
botiGianh,xcnhnlptrngchngichnhphPhanHuyQutcakhiCnggio.
Ngy96,ThtngPhanHuyQuthpbogiithchvcuckhnghong.ngthutliccnlchagiicangmvnkhngthnh,trnhby
chititvmmuochnhm10665(capheCnggio)vmmulpchnhphlinhiptrunglpcaphe"HaBnh",ngthingcng
trliccluniuchtrchriktlunrngngyucuquningralnhvaitrtrunggiangithqunbnhchonkhicmtchnhquyn
dnc.
Ngy106,ThiutngNguynCaoKkugichinsKhngqungibnhtnhsauvhiulmTnMai.(ThanhninCnggioibiutnhrix
xtvibinhsKhngquntiBinHa).
Ngy116,cctnglnhnhmhptiSiGnxtthcaThtngQutyucuQunilmtrunggianiugiivvkhnghongnicc.
TrungtngNguynVnThiutuynb:cuckhnghongkhngdolichnhphmdosthiustcahinchngngy1681965.
Cngngyny,Quctrng,ThtngvHingQucgiaLpphpuratuyncoxcnhrngnhngccuvthchqucgiahinti
khngcnphhpvitnhthnanngiaotrchoqunitrchnhimvquynhnhlnhoqucgia,vHingQunLcchpnhnnt
chccaQuctrngPhanKhcSuvThtngPhanHuyQut.
Ngy14665,HingQunLcthnhlpybanLnhoQucGiadoTrungtngNguynVnThiugichcChtch(Quctrng),Thiu
tngNguynCaoKgichcChtchyBanHnhPhpTrungng(Thtng),vTrungtngPhmXunChiugichcTngthk.
Cngngyny,NicQungLinDiuTnh,22tui,tthiucngdngTambotichaLinhSn,tnhNinhThun.
Ngy166,TanQunsMttrntiNhaTrangtuynphttt2n16nmkhsai18ngithamgiaHingNhnDnCuQucmin
Trungvlinquannccvkhngb,hnhhunghithng964titnhBnhnh.
Ngy196,mtcphpmiraigm7thin25iu,thitlpiHingQunLcVNCH,UBanLnhoQucGia,HingKinhTvX
Hi,ThngHingThmPhn.CctngThiu,K,ChiucxcnhnlthnhvincaUBanLnhoQucGia,cnHingQucGia
LpPhpcgiitn.ChnhphNguynCaoKraivinhiunhnvtdnstntuinhbcsTrnVn(TngyvinNgoigiao),Luts
LVnVi(TngyvinTphp),giosTrnNgcNinh(TngyvinVnhaGiodc),thmphnTrnMinhTit(BtrngNiv)...
TsaukhitngNguynKhnhvcctnglnharahinchngVngTuvothng8nm1964tonnbaonhiuxotrn,thnguynca
tondn,cacctngio,ngphi,sinhvinvcHoaKlmunminNamcmtchnhphdnsbnvngqunitrvvinhimv
qucphngthunty.Ticthay,haichnhphdnsTrnVnHngvPhanHuyQutraitrongmttnhtrngkhkhnvinhngcucxo
trn,tranhchp,biutnhdoquni,sinhvin,Phtgio,Cnggiogyraricuicngqunitrlicmquyn.Sbtngkingia
QuctrngPhanKhcSuvThtngPhanHuyQutvvicthayihaivBtrngcthgiiquytddngnukhiCnggiokhngc
tnhtrmtrnghavn,mmctiuthtslltchnhphQutvhchorngchnhphnythnPhtgio.(CphithkhngngB
trngPhThtngBiDim,vngChtchHingQucGiaLpPhpPhmXunChiu!?)
Nhvy,tsaukhichnhphQutvQuctrngPhanKhcSurtlui,chnhquynminNamlitrvtaycctnglnh.Cutuynb"Qun
ilchaqucgia"catngNguynKhnhtuytrngtrnnhngthtlthmtha.Tngio,ngphi,chnhkhch,trthc,sinhvin...cuicng
chnhnhnghnhnmquaycungchungquanhngnlahngcachicnkoqunmthi.
468/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
o0o
Nhnggtivatrnhbytrnycthxemnhlgiaionmtcabanmxotrn,giaionktkhinhmtngNguynKhnhlmcuc
chnhl(30164)chonngyUBanLnhoQucGiarai(665).TCchmng11163chonngyhaitngThiuKlncmquyn,
trong khong thi gian gn 20 thng , min Nam Vit Nam phi tri qua 6 chnh ph: Nguyn Ngc Th, Nguyn Khnh, Trn Vn Hng,
NguynXunOnh(chnhphynhim5ngy),PhanHuyQutvNguynCaoK.
Timunkchititvnhngbinngtheothtthigianvicmongnhngnhvitstnglainhnrthctrngtncphntchcng
ticanhngthnhphntonnxotrnmchnhyutrongl:Phtgio,Cnggio,tngt,sinhvinvngiVitcaccngNguyn
TnHonvHThcK.
Tuyttcthnhphntrnyugyraxotrnnhngthtrathsinhvin,qunivngiVitubchiphi,blidngbihaitngiol
CnggiovPhtgiotrongchtrngtranhchpcahaikhiny.SinhvindavocngtrngchngchDimnm1963,naygpphitnh
hnhhnlonnnmunchngtthhtrphicthamdvovicnc.Nhngchvlmtlclnghpnnsinhvintrthnhcngc
chocctngiovngphilidngmthi.HnhngnibtnhtcasinhvinlvchngiHinchngVngTubuctngKhnhphit
chc,nhngsaubincrithsinhvincngkhnggipnnhctnhhnhmchlnngxungnglmbungxungmari,tronglc
nibliphnha.
Cctngtthbnchtvnvbin,lithyochnhvchnhlquddngvchdavovlc,votnhhnhchintranhmquniang
llclngchngCngchnhyu,nnhnhxmtcchhnlonnmquynhnhvginhav.Sbtlccacctngio,ngphiv
thnhphntrthcligiatngthmthamvngcacctngt.
ngiVitmangthamvngnmchnhquyn,liuchnhngvcnthitcamingchnhtr,nhngthclccnquyu,licnphn
hanibchonnkhngthlchthcacctngiovqunitrongcuctranhchpquynlcchnhtr,nncuicngnhphibtanbin
trongcnlccamtchnhtrngrirmhnlon.
VphnlclngCnggio,vibnchthiungvqutrnhgnbvimiquynlc,ribmtquynlidocucltchDimgyra,v
libtondnlnnl"CnLao",l"taysaicachDim",nncmthPhtgiovnhmtnglnhtrongHingQunNhnCchMngc,
dohcnphitchccbiudngscmnhbngnhngcucbiutnhqukhchvnhngcucbiudnglclngqunicatngt
Cnggiophchidanhdvtrmihnthchochc.
ChngticvngtrchchoPhtgioVitNamcnglnguynnhntoratnhtrnghnlonmtrchttimunnulnmtvibn
tronggiaionxotrnny.
BnthnhtlvchngiThtngTrnVnHngvothng10nm1964.VbiutnhchngiThtngTrnVnHnglhontondo
PhttcaThngtaTmChu,mlcnytuyThngtaTmChuvccThngtaTrQuang,ThinMinh,ThinHoachacngkhaimu
thunnhngcnhngrnntmthmtrongnibmThtngTrnVnHngkhngbitc.
469/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nguynkhithnhlpchnhph,cHngcmiringThngtaTmChunhpbnvthnhphnchnhphtinhmtthnggiatnl
NguynHuGianh.HaibnbtngkinvThngtaTmChuchorngmtsnhnvtcThtngHngmikhngxngng
lmBtrng(saunybochcchtrchthnhphnchnhphHng,trlicHngtuynb:"ich,khngctmtictithphi
muatmncnvy"),vngheniThngtaichoPhtgiobnBmcHngchbnglngdnhchongicaThngtahaiBm
thi.
NguntinnyphhpvinhngtinntronggiichnhtrtiSiGnlcbygivsthamchnhcnthitcakhiPhtgiosaunhngnmdi
vngmttrongcccquanquynlcqucgia.CnthitemngivoniccnchnhThtngHngcngphithanl"hchmun
kimsotchnhph"nhbochquctghinhnsauy:
GioHiVitNamThngNhtlongtrngtuynbtrcthgiirngchngtitrnhttcmihotngctnhchichngha,gychiarv
mangtnhchnhtr.
Gnmttuntrckhiclituynb,phtngnvincakhiPhtgiolThngTaThchTmChutuynbmtcchdtkhotrng
chnhphcaThtngHngphirai(BuddhistspokemanThchTmChuhadflatlyannouncedtheSouthVietnamesegovernmentofPremier
TrnVnHng"willhavetogo").Bangysau,mtthngtcakhiPhtgiogiThtngHngl"nguxun,phnbi,lmtngiphnn,
ngoancvchngcchnhschgc"(stupid,atraitor,afat,stubbornmanwithoutanypolicy).TiSiGn,ngHngtrlithngthngrng
"Nu tnh hnh qu ln xn, chng ti li s phi s dng v lc. H ch mun kim sot chnh ph. Vit cng cng ang c gng lt chnh ph.
ChngtakhngthchoccnhlnhoPhtgiolmchuynnyhchoVitcng"(...Theysimplywanttocontrolthegovernment...Wecant
allowtheBuddhistleaderstodothisforthem).(TunsanTime,srangy11thng12nm1964).
ThyThngtabtmn,mtnhmPhttBcdiccmubihaichuynvinxchngtiSiGnlKhang(ngiBc)vNguyncMo
(ngiVinh)tchcbiutnhchngThtngHng.CucbiutnhnraddichngtsbtmncacplnhoPhtgiotrcthi
cngrncaThtngHnggiihnsthamdcanhnsPhtgiovonicc:
Ngy22/11/1964,biutnhlnnhiuni,chBnThnh,ngLVnDuyt,PhanThanhGin,SiGncnhiubiungkchThtng
Hng(cnhstgiitnbngluncaymt.Bnngibiutnhnmlungtung,nhiungibthng).
Ngy24/11/1964,ThngtaTmChugilnQuctrngPhanKhcSuvThngHingQucGiayucucthidtkhotvichnh
ph,chmdtbtb,thnhngngibgiam,ralnhkhngcnp.("VicTngNgy",onThm,SiGn,tr.417,418).
KhanhnguynlcngsvincangHcMinh,UvinTrungngngCnLao,cnMongithp,mtenvr(bithiuHmXm,thi
NguynVnThiu,MolmchnhimnhtboTranhumtthigianvthngphitrntrnhvbcnganlngbtvchngThiu).Cucbiu
tnhchngThtngHngxutphttVinHaongTrnQucTon,nhngvcHngkhngbitrnitnhcaPhtgio,khngbit
xutxcacccucbiutnhnnCclituynbkhimnhiviPhtgionh:Bntrc,lmtrkh.Lituynb"vacnm"
lmchotonkhiPhtgiobtmn.CHngcntuynbthm:"Tikhngthchoticonntlmlon.Chnhtrvhcngcnphitch
ri, cng nh chnh tr v tn gio khng th i i vi nhau c.Ti khng th cho nhng tn hc tr a by, i by". V li tuyn b m
ThngtaThinMinh(dcnhngbtngkinviThngtaTmChu)phitrli:"NuCmunchoccemhcsinhkhngaby,
ibythtnhtCphilmcutiuchochngtrc".Vcngt,khiPhttthucThngtaTrQuang,ThinMinhnhpcuctrongcuc
utranhchungchngThtngTrnVnHng.
TicnmmtdungocynivthimuthunllngcaHathngTmChuivilchsdntccngnhlchsPhtgioni
470/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TicnmmtdungocynivthimuthunllngcaHathngTmChuivilchsdntccngnhlchsPhtgioni
chungvivitiniring.
SlsaukhicunHikVitNamMuLaQuHngTinyrai(nbn1986),ticgitngHathngmtcunvgiaHathngvti
cnhiuknimvinhau,vvHathnglmtnhnchnglchscagiaionPhtgioutranhchngnhNg.Thrihainmsau,Ha
thngvitbitrnboVnNghTinPhong(s289ngy115thng2/1988),tbocanhmmtvccanhNgmtngyraHingoi
chuynnhph,xuyntc,nhcmGioHiPhtGioVitNamThngNht,tbobotrchoTrnTrungQunphthnhcun"TrongLng
ch"vukhng,bibnnhiuvscaocpvchpmThngtaTrQuanglCngSn,mtrongmtcucphngvncatpchTiaSngti
Houston(s31thng12/1988)chnhHathngxcquytThngtaTrQuangkhngphilCngSn.
BibotrnVnNghTinPhongchtrchtivitkhngngsthtvHathngtrongvicHathngiThtngTrnVnHngbnb
choPhtgio,cngnhphnhncucbiutnhdoPhttngiBctchcchngThtngHng.Hathngcnnirngvknhtrngc
HnglnhcchmngnnHathngkhngchngC.Hathnggnchoti,hoc"bThammu"cati,"lngskintrnchocnbng
slilmtrongthigianycaThngtaTrQuang".
ngculutsNguynVnChc,ngitrthcCnggiomcun"Ltmtnnhngconthlchnhtr"caLTrngVnmtnhmtth
ThngNghshunhhoangcti"lunggibmng",bnsdngbibocaHathngtrntVnNghTinPhongnhmttiliukhtn
gnchotilgiantr,vhmchoThngtaTrQuangl"inghchtc,ivo,ivlunmchbnCngSnvthnvtaysaimidm
lm".
Tha Ha thng Tm Chu! Nu Ha thng khng i bn b, khng chng c Hng, khng c biu tnh th ti sao Ha thng li i Quc
TrngvThngHingc"thidtkhot"vichnhphTrnVnHng(hmiphigiitnchnhph),vtisaoliccucbiutnh
ngy22thng11nm1964xyragnVitNamQucTtrnccngphngdncngiBcnh"VicTngNgy"caonThmvnh
bitngthutcatunboTimemt.
Tronggiaionny,chaiimnglultuychnhphTrnVnHnglmtchnhphdnsnhngvaitrvquynlccacctnglnh
trongchnhschqucgiavngiuth.Ngoira,nhngmmmngmuthunvschlcgiahaikhiPhtgio(TmChuvTrQuang)
btuthnhhnh:khuynhhngThngtaTmChunhmutranhhahontrongchiuhngcthhptcvichnhquyn,cnkhuynh
hngcahaiThngtaTrQuangvThinMinhthquytutranhtritthchinmtcuccchmngtondin,cbitlphitrith
nhmCnLao.
KhiCnggio,phnthticThtngHng(nginnglikchPhtgio)phirtlui,phnthnghingThtngPhanHuyQutc
Phtgiongh,lidngtnhtrngtranhchpgiaQuctrngPhanKhcSuvThtngPhanHuyQutlintiptchcnhiucucbiu
tnh,bmstdinhQuctrngvvnngmtschnhkhchilpThtngQutratuynngn,kinnghquytltThtngQutcho
c.CucbiudnglclngcaPhmNgcThovLcLngBoVDnTc(Cnggio)ngy1921965cngmmuochnhm20
51965doitBiDinhvmtsnhnvtCnggiocmu,ucmcchltThtngQutkhiCnggiocthnmuthchnh
trmlncmquyn.
NhnvtquantrngtrongmmultThtngQutlLinhmcHongQunh,vnlvchhuyidnvPhtDimtrckhitncchiai
(1954).VothichintranhPhpVit,ngiCnggiominBcthngcnhngplcivichBoitranhginhquynlinhJean
Lacouturemttrong"LeVietnamEntreDeuxPaix"mticpntrongmtchngtrcy.NhngkhingNguynHuTr,mtlnht
iVitminBclmThhinBcVit,vngPhanHuyQut,mtngchcangTrlmBtrngQucphng,thhainhnvtnythngi
phcngrnvkhngthamnhtnhngihicagiophnBiChuPhtDim.Tnhngnonqukh,naylidngchirilonthun
471/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phcngrnvkhngthamnhtnhngihicagiophnBiChuPhtDim.Tnhngnonqukh,naylidngchirilonthun
tin,LinhmcHongQunhbntmmiphngcchtrithchocThtngPhanHuyQut.Giaionnynhdustridycalclng
Cnggiodihnhthccccucutranhchnhtr.Trongqukh,nhnguthcakhinytrnmtxhi,kinht,tichnh,...thtrachlkt
quttnhincauthchnhtrvimtgianhCnggiotonquynlnhoQucgiachonnkhitrlichnhtrngminNamtrongmtkhung
cnhmi,hcngnhvomttrnquanyunhtlmttrnchnhtr,nhtlkhimttrncnhncchhabngvThtngPhanHuy
QutmhcholckhuynhhngthnPhtgio.
BnthhailthicaThngtaTrQuangtrccucchnhlcanhmtngNguynKhnh.
SaukhichinthngcchDim,sinhlccaPhtgiochacphchichonncccplnhochacschlcchnhtrnongoivic
locngcnib,lovicthngnhtGiohi,thitlpcccculnhonhVinTngThng,VinHao,vgprtnhtlvicxydngHin
chng,quychchoGiohi.Vth,dchnhphNguynNgcThgmcnhnsccachDim,ThngtaTrQuangcngkhngcmt
chngino.ngcngbitrngtrongcucthaycimisaumtnmtritncriren(1963),tngDngVnMinhvHingQun
NhnCchMngcngprtnhiukhkhn,nhiuvncnphiiph.
NhngsaukhitngKhnhchnhl,thyngiVitvngiMmmuangNguynTnHonlmtnhnvtCnggiotPhpvnm
chcThtng,vthyuythCnggioangcphchimthhintrngtrnutinlvicgitThiutNhung,thmtmt,Thngtab
mtymtrchotngKhnhginhlychcThtng,mtmtchoboLpTrngvHingNhnDnCuQucrailmphngtini
phvitnhthmi.ThtrathngNguynTnHonchllnhttngtrng,chnhhaingHThcKvNguynNgcHuy,nhngPhttthun
thnhmilngilnhongiVit.ngiVitlicngcngviPhtgiochnginhNgvnggpcnglaortlnchoPht
giotrongcucutranhchngDimnm1963.NhngthiqukhchvkthcaHingNhnDnCuQuc,cngthmlptrngchng
ngNguynTnHoncaThngtaTrQuang,toraxchmchvilpgiaPhtgioviVit.VcngvchngvictridycaCnLao
CngGiomthhinlnhiutnglnhchcnmnhngavthenchtchungquanhtngKhnh,nnHingNhnDnCuQucv
sinhvinHumitrutphLinhmcCaoVnLunVintrngVinihcdchtrcmtthnghnrcLinhmctrngthvLinh
mctngngvphePhtgiovsinhvintrongbincPhtgiochnglihaingThcDim.
CthnimtcchchcchnrngchtrngchngiCnggioCnLaophchilchtrngchungcattctngio,ngphivsinhvin,
boch,chkhngringgcaThngtaTrQuang,casinhvinHu,hayca"HingNhnDnCuQuc".
Ticthay,nhngsailmlnhocacplnhoPhtgiovthiqukhch,manhngcaHingNhnDnCuQucvsinhvinHu
lmchoPhtgiothtbitronggiaionxotrnthnht,giaiontkhiKhnhchnhlchonkhiThiuKthnhlpyBanLnhoQucGia.
TrchtlvThngtaTrQuangkhngnmvngviclnhonhmutranhchohtrthnhmtlclnghp,thiulnho,nhtl
lnhoutranhcchmng.
Hailvdanht"CuQuc"lmchonhngngiqucgialintngnnhngonth"cuquc"caCngSn,tngitanghing"Hi
ngNhnDnCuQuc"lkhcngytrangcaCngSn.
Nhngkhuhiu"chngM"doHingvtLpTrngnulnlicnglmchongiqucgialos,nhtltrongtnhtrngchintranhQuc
Cngangmingymtgiatng.
CucxungngcakhiPhtgioTmChutiSiGnchngliThtngTrnVnHng,mtnhnvtcastrthc,ngphi,nht
lngiNamKcoinhlkstothmnibtmnchonhndn.
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lngiNamKcoinhlkstothmnibtmnchonhndn.
NhngrirmxotrndoCnggio,Phtgio,sinhvingyratithcngnhcccucochnh,chnhl,biudnglclngcaquni
lmchonhndnvcngchnnn,chonnhnhngctnhcchphricaHingNhnDnCuQuctiHuvminTrungchlmnhn
dnthmbtbnhchnghtmthi.
Tinhthn"ctncchmng"caHingNhnDnCuQucvhnhngkthivihaingiVitvVitQucminTrungcngt
thmngnlachiargiaPhtgiovcconthtrn,nggpthmvosstmuytncaPhtgio.
Cngvthiulnho,thiuchnhsch,lihotngctnhcchphrichonnnhiuphntcaHingNhnDnCuQucQuyNhn,
PhanThitbchnhquynaratamlclngutranhkhnggimcanthip,phnng.ThmbihnnalvicngChtchHingNhn
DnCuQuc,bcsLKhcQuyn,btnglnhbtlnPleikuantr(20121964)trongbathngtri,cnglmmtthgicahingdongta
lnho.
Dsaothgiaionxotrntrnyliukhngtrnhkhichobtkmtqucgianosaukhimtchcti,bngcchnyhaycchkhc,b
chmdt.Ccchcti,mtkhikhngcnnallimtkhongtrngchnhtr,tonnxotrnmtthigianchoqucgia.Khongtrng
chnhtrcaminNamVitNamsaukhichDimbltcngtchitolnhnvsutchnnmnhNgcaitr,ttctngio,ngphibtiu
dithaybvhiuha.XotrncngtrmtrnghnkhinhNgtorannkthxungttngio,gynncmthsumgiaCnggiov
Phtgio.XotrncngtrmtrnghnnakhinhNgvCnggiosutchnnmtriginhlycquynchngCngmlibtlcchoVit
cngnmlyuthtiminNam.
nhlvy,nhngsthtbicaThngtaTrQuangvPhtgioquagnhainmxotrntrnykhngphiliukhngngphphn.
ThngtaTrQuanglmttngsm,nhmtnhnvinTaisMtiSiGntrnhbychoisLodgelmtngiVitNamtrckhil
mtnhsnhcckgiMbit,lmt"lnhtPhtgiochngCngtheonghngcaPhtgio".Nhngcclclngdongiung
HingNhnDnCuQucvsinhvinHu,"nhngkbngychnghanhnglithiuthcchnhtr,chquanvvngng,xunng"
lmchongthtbi.Vvy,khcvicucutranhhohngnm1963,chnhnghautranhchnglisphchiuythCngGioCnLao
cangtrongnm196465bhiulm,bxuyntcvansthtbitrongnm1966mtisninsauny.
KhicctngNguynKhnh,TrnThinKhim,CaoVnVin,...chnhlcuithngGingnm1964thtianglyvinChnhtrcaHing
QunNhnCchMngcvanggichcBtrngBThngTincachnhphNguynNgcTh.
mttunltrccucchnhl,tngKhnhtQunonIIvSiGnghlithmtitinhringvithirtthnmt,nhngtuytnhin
khngcpnchnhtr.VicngKhnhnthmtilmthnhngrtlvtrckiatuycgpg,giaothipvcngv,nhngtrongsutthi
giandichDim,ngKhnhchnnhticmtlnnhnbatictithtimtsBtrng,thnhu,vngChtchQuchiPhm
VnNhuvnlthyhcccativquenthnvinhcgiatilcnglmHunotiPhti.Sauny,khingKhnhchnhltimihiuhnh
ngxgiaolliko,muachuctivngchotilngicthcchnhtrhnphnngcctnglnhkhc,ngicuytngctnh
ringthamgiaCchmng1111963,vcngvngKhnhtnglmtilmtnhnsquantrngcaPhtgio.
Sauchnhlvihm,ngKhnhyucutigichcPhThtngctrchVnhaXhi,phihpccBGiodc,Yt,Xhi,vLaong.
Tithnhthtcmnngnhngnhtnhtchivtnghlngihchnhti,likhngcbngcpcaotrongmtxhicnnngtinhthn
khoabng.ngKhnhthathitni:"Anhtngtikhngbittrnhvnhacaanhhaysao?Trckhinichuynvianhtinghk.Trong
giaionkhkhnphctpny,phicmtvtnglnhmicthnnhckluthcng.Vnuchcsinhsinhvingyxotrnri
473/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
giaionkhkhnphctpny,phicmtvtnglnhmicthnnhckluthcng.Vnuchcsinhsinhvingyxotrnri
ren,tcoccgios,ihithayibangimc,thsinhqunnhnlmlontrngthi,nhpgimkho,thlmsaonnvnhagiodc
ncnhcthphthuyttpc?Lina,mymiliuquantrng,hnaihtanhbitrschlcxmnhpcnbCngSnvocc
cquanchnhquyn,donhimvchnhyucaanhlnhimvhngdnchnhtr,phnchuynmnthbnocthnhphntrthcv
chuynvincab.TrchnhimtrctincaanhlchnngnituyncaVitcng,trittiuccphntthnPhp,thnTrunglp,thn
Cnglenlivoccb,nhtlhaibGioDcvLaong,nimVitCngddnglngonhngngqucgia,phhoinglichngCng
cachngta.HungchitrithcminNamasl"trthcphngtr"nngucphephi,ganhtlnnhau,hkhngthiphnivitnhhnh
rirm.Lcny,chngtacnmtvtngcngrnhnlmtnhkhoabngnhunhc.Monganhnghk".
Thtlkhxchotikhiphicmungnhvnhagiodcncnh,phiiungccnhkhoabngtrthc.ThiICngHa,tigp
mtlnkhxkhingDimctigichcTngGimchaingnhCngBinhToTcvCngBinhChinuhpnht,cnvothiimny,
thctrngxhibuctiphisuynghrtnhiu,limamaitrthcminNamtonltrthcphngtrcaKhnhtuyccchmitthqung
nhngcngkhngxasthtbaonhiu.Mtstrthctmhuythimhoiphichuthtbihayuhngtnhth.Cnastrthcthhayshi
vchbittnhtonlihi,dngcpbngcamnhlmgioticm!
Thtvy,saukhimtncsngluvongnixngimtrthcqucgiavncnbphphnnngn,thythinhtnhtcagiitrthc
minNamthichamtnc.GiosNguynNgcHuyphbnh:
"Trthcqucgiakhngschiunghacachnhtr,khngchutmhiuthct.Hthovimtmkinthcmkhngctcchcaks
nnlunlunngngoiv"ngtrn"cctchcchnhtr,vdohkhngchuthunqunchng.CnnhngtrthcchytheongCn
LaothiICngHahaysaunychytheongDnChIICngHathchvquynlitrcmt.ChonkhinhngtrthcbCngSnbt
votricito,bCngSnnuci"ti"theoMNgy,phn"Cchmng",bCngSn"giodc"mithyrngchnhtrlcnthit,dchsinhhot
trongccngnhchuynmn"5.
NgoigiosNguynNgcHuycncnhiunginhhcgiHongVnCh(trnboDnQuyn)hocnhtrthcoSPhu,lnntrthc
qucgiagtgaohn:
Trongmibinchuynxhi,vnha,chnhtr,kinht,phntrchnhimtihuvndothnhphntrthcgnhvctrongmidntc.Nhngmt
sngtrthckhngchuthihnhnhimvcaoccah,khngchulnhphntrchnhimlchscah,khngchunlclmcngvicgio
dn,truynlinhnggchchivquanst.Mtsngtrthcimlngsngquangyhaychlotmtlihaytheohavigiicm
quynchmmttnhiu.6
Nichongrathssaacatrthcqucgiatrchtldohuqucathcdnli:
Nhnvodvng,nnvnminhcadntcsmthcstticaotthk11,tngngvithiTrungcTyphng,thimccnc
nycntrnhvnhathslm.HykhisuvonnvnhcthiL,ttngtocaVnHnhThins,caMnGicThins,cth
lmlchcncncamythkTyphnggpli...Tininhvtchcnhnmnhrnghingichngtavnlnquntrongngun,vng
di,ldoktquca80nmnl.Chngquavthcdnkmhmtrthcnnchngtamilmvohoncnh"Hphsinhcut"nhngynay.
7
HuqucannvnhanldoThcdnlichakpgtrathnchnhschvnhangoilai,vnha"lmsngdanhCha"donhNg
ptlnudntc.lthvnhapphchachin,nmiu,thvnhactngmconbNhulmtngHaiBTrng,thvnha
474/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ptlnudntc.lthvnhapphchachin,nmiu,thvnhactngmconbNhulmtngHaiBTrng,thvnha
briQucTHngVng,vnha"PhoiTinhThnQucgia"lnhthcMLaVang...Vimtnnvnhanhththnhngtrthc
minNamnociuthnphcnhNgtrong9nmhnlskhngcntcchvngnngvnhaithoina.
CnvGiodc,nhNgtinhnhchnhschtrithnngiodcdntc,nhnbncngthaythbngnngiodc"lmsngdanhCha".
HthitlpTrungTmNhnVdongNgnhThclmGimc,docclinhmclmgingvincitottngcngchcvqunnhn,
hcnthitlpViniHcLtcngdoNgnhThciukhinotocnbtrungcphungoanngonthihnhchnhschcach.
Thmvnchavalng,hcnmunkimsot,chiphicctrngihccnglp,mbtuliHcHu.MinTrunglnicn90%
dnstheooPht,oKhng,Hulthnhtrcannvnhadntc,thmVinihccaCligiaochomtlinhmctngcngkhai
bytlptrngphndntcnhCaoVnLunlmVintrng(snirhnvnglinhmcnychngsau).
tmtlinhmclmVintrngmttrngihctimtaphngmasdnchngtnsngoPht,nhNgmunthihnhchnhsch
trngngibngcchtonhhngThinChagiovolpsinhvinvotohthnhnhngcpchhuytrongccngnhsinhhotqucgia
sauny.Ngoirahcndngchnhsch"thin"chomtssinhvinduhckhivncschimginhngavquantrngtrongbmychnh
quyn.NhngsinhvinchunnhNg,vtnhhayc,uphithchnhchnhschCnggiohaminNamcanhNgnhnitrong
ccchngtrc.Ngoichnhsch"tmndu"trny,hcnlidngvicchngCngkimsotcctrngtthcPhtgio(nhngthcs
lgiihnvkimsotvicphbinkinhinPhtgio)cngnhcacctngiokhcvimcchphttrinvnha,giodcThinCha
gio(thinhNgtrv,ttccctngioukhngctrngihc,ngoitrCnggio).
NiramtvicimcannvnhagiodcdithinhNgkhngphiticlnnThinChagio,vtngiovgiohilhaiphmtr
khcnhau(mikhicnphnnhau).
ThinChagiodatrnnimtinChalngtonnng,tonquyn,tonthinvvnhcu.Chatoravtrvloingi,Chacquynthng
pht,vnngyphnxtcuicng,Chasquytnhcholinhhncaconngimimilnthinnghaymimixungangc.Nimtiny
chiphimnhmhnhvicatnCnggiotrnmilnhvc.Nhngnimtin,dnghaysai,khaiphnghaygioiu...lmtnimtinc
tnhcchcnhnnnkhngthemnptchongikhc.Hunggnimtinkhngphhpvinnvnhahang,khaiphngvnhn
bn ca dn tc, hung g nhng ngi theo nim tin ch l mt thiu s mi phn trm trong cng ng dn tc. Cho nn khi p t l s c
nhngnilonchnhtr,xhivvnhanhtathydichDim.
Mtcchslc,vnha,nhgiosNghimTontrongVitNamVnHcSTrchYuhaynhhcgioDuyAnhtrongVitNamVnHaS
Cngni,lsthhinsngngcatrnhsinhhotchungcacdntchaycaloingivmiphngdinkinht,chnhtr,xhi,
phongtc,tpqun,sinhtrngmtvngal.ThngTaThchNhtHnhtrong"TngLaiVnHaVitNam"chdnghnhnhthngCuv
conHmmcngnhnghacrrngbnchtcavnhadntc.SaukhitrnhbynidungcannvnhaVit,ngktlun:
Conclmttrangthiuninanhtun,tibalilchnngithconvnlmtthngCuxakiacarunglaqunh.Vconclmtthiun
nhanscmnm,chnhvsnghiplmrngdanhchoxsthconvnlmtconHmxakiatngvoravonicuaoxmc.Hynhti
gcrcaconvhycantrngiti.iutamundnhaicon,tagiktrongtngtbocthcahaiconri.
ChtliucavnhaVitphtsinhngaythuynthoiTinRng,tthaHngVngmnc,ttinhthndnch,hang,vthakhiVuav
Tiuttrngkhoaisnlymn,tntitrtt,kcngtriunhchctrongnhngkhihnhlqucgiamthi.ChtliuvnhaVittim
tngtrongnhngcuchuynPhngThinVng,ChngT,SnTinhThyTinh,cuchuynBnhChngBnhDy,TruCau,QuDa
...thaTtindngnc.nghasngthccanhngcuchuynkhngnmchttrntrangschcmcvndngsngtoquabao
nhiuthii,trongmithiiuthmsuvonpsuyt,lihnhxcamingidn.
475/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhiuthii,trongmithiiuthmsuvonpsuyt,lihnhxcamingidn.
Vvnhalsng,sngtnhthc,sngkhngngngnghnnvnhaVitlscmnhsngng,uynchuynnngdntcdykhibqung,
ydntcikhingpngng.Vvtrongvnhactnhbinngnnchngtakhngphichlokhkhbovlynmkhngbittipnhn
vtinhlcnhngngunvnhacaopkhcbipthmphongphchonnvnhancnh.Nhngtipnhnmvnduytrcictlic
thcachngta,khnglchlc,khngbintnh,khngmtgc.
Lmtkthc,khngxutthntconngkhoabng,mlicmungnhvnhagiodc,tibitsnhnlynhngbarudlunng
thi.Nhngtrccucchintranhmtcnvimtkthtinguyhim,trcmtcuckhnghongnhntmcaqucgia,trctnhtrngsinhlc
bhaomncadntc,khngcmtNguynTridngTmCngSchgipkovitLamSnnhuiqunxmlng,khngcmt
SnLaPhuTgipnhvuathcQuangTrungcmtchnhschtgia,trquc,bnhthinh,thtnhtticngcthlmvtngHongCii
TamQucnhHn,dpquamtbnbnhnhoGiangngbngchaychnghamchbittranhlunsung,bnxuiningc,khuami
mampkhiiqunToThoangedabci.
Saukhinhnnhimviukhinngnhvnhagiodc,ticnphikimimligiativnhgilinhngsinhhotvnhadochcli.
Chctngcnhngihivnhavgiodc,cihivnnghchngivnnghminBc,chainmphtgiithngvnchng,
chiKhnghc,cnthitlpTrungTmVnHatrnkhutcnhdinhGiaLong...Vgiodc,nhvintrM,nhtlnhthinchcagio
sButtinger,chDimxyctHcVinQucGiaHnhChnh,TrungTmKThutPhTh,TrngiHcChnhTrKinhDoanhtiLt,
vViniHcHu,...
NhnbngoithnnvnhagiodcdichDimcngcv"trmhoauan",nhngnchnmtloihoavmtloihngkhngim
thi.MtloihngkhngichnghnnhiHcVnKhoakhngctdophttrintrongtinhthnadngcannquchc,viHccn
nhiuphnkhoadngtontingPhpdcptrunghccVitha.Vicchosinhvinduhcncngoiydynhngbtcng...th,cc
gioslibtheodi,tiliugiokhoalibkimsotgtgao.Ttngbkmkpthlmsaovnhagiodccthphthuy,lmsaothc
ckhaiphngvkinthccphongph.NhvnkimsgiaLVnSiucthuyttrnhtrongmtbuihpccnhvnnghtiTrungTm
VnBtlntingthanphin:"DichbohPhpmvnnghscnctdohndichcgilclp".VnhoNhtLinh
NguynTngTamlnnchnhschvnnghcachDimlctivnnghcngnhctichnhtrukhnhnhau 8.GiosTn
ThtDngKdycctrngJeanJacquesRousseauvMarieCurie,ginggiisthtvcucxmlngVitNamcaPhpldoccco
ThinChagiomliang,linbbt,bgiamvokhmChHaccnhvnhanhHiuChn,McThu,DonQucS,NghimXun
Hng,VKhcKhoan...lcucngtcvichtrongthinchmunxydngnnvnhatdo,cngnhphinachngbcuc.
TkhiCchmng1111963thnhcng,nhngngicmbtctdo,phngkhong,dotronglngvnlngbomicnhngngilng
thin,chnchnhmun"lmschvnchng,vnngh".Mtchindchtconhauxyratronggiicmbt:Nginyl"vnchng",l
"cnvnngh",kkial"vnn,vncngcachnhquyn",l"chimvnngh",l"imvichnhquyn",...9.
cbitvngchhnclliHiutriuccnhvnccnhbodobanhnvtnanhtrongvn,bogiilHiuChn,ChuTvTChung
idinktn,trongcon:
"Mangdanhlnhngngicmbtchinuchotdo,dnch,giiphngconngi,vymtrongthigianvaqua,vcmo,khipnhcn
hn,chngtanhmmtnd,nhtmhn,phnbistht,phnbidntc,angtmlmgianchoblhNg.Dchngtacvinbt
clgbocha,chngtacngkhngthchicictilicachngtaivingbovlchs.Cchmng111lchiduynht
chngtathotkhicnhhungbibtphicmphith,chiduynhtchngtatrlilmngiti...Chngtikhnthitkugivnnghs,
476/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chngtathotkhicnhhungbibtphicmphith,chiduynhtchngtatrlilmngiti...Chngtikhnthitkugivnnghs,
bngmuvncmtmhi,emngibtvitlithinlchsdntcmtrongchnnmqua,blhNglmhoen.10
Mtvinhnnh,mtvilithantrchcagiivnnhntrthctrnyphnnhyvnnvnhaphinhnbnvphndntccach
Dimri.
Vnhachngnhngllinhhncadntcmmttrnvnhattngcnlmttrnutranhludivphctp.Khngmtnhvnhano
cthmtmnhptngli,chtrngxydngnnvnhagiodctheoquanimringcamnhc.
Nhngquannimcnhnchquanvthiunghincususcchtoraxotrntrongmitrngvnhagiodcqucgia(mticnnhtc
phmlchsVitNamThiKhaiSinhnm1965calinhmcNguynPhng,chorngngiVitNamvngiTrungHoalngchng,gyra
nhiutholunsinitronggiishc.DichThiucngcnhngtranhchpsinivmnhbngM.A.caMvmnhbngTins
IIIcpcaPhp).
Do,saukhihikcngvicccngsvin,tichtrngphixydngmtnnvnhagiodccnidungnhnbnvdntc,phikhii
tnnmngcannvnhagcrdntc,lyconngilmbnv,tnghincunidungvnhahinimtnghpthnhhngi
chovnhaVitNam.Munnhvy,phicsnggptrtucanhiunhvnhaccbmnthnthitviisngtngthcacnc,
ttnntngchonnvnhagiodcVitNam,trnhtnhtrngmilnthayichnhphlmilnthayichnhschvnhagiodc.
Do,saukhinhnchcPhThtngVnha,tichomimtsnhtrthccthctivoc,mthmsonthochngtrnhvnng
chomtihivnhagiodcmtistriutptrongtnglai.ngBiTngHun,BtrngGiodccachnhphKhnh,htschoan
nghnhquytnhny.chogiaionvnngvchunbphithtcntrngvchuo,tiihichnhphymtrmtngnquln(36
triung)chiphchoihinyvchoccnhvnhacattcbmncphngtinvthgisutm,nghincuthtklng
cngcucxydngcnbnchonnvnhagiodcqucgia.KhochdihncaticthcnbaogmvicthnhlpHnLmVinQucGia,
mtthvinlntiTh,nhiuthvinnhticcaphng,mtcunTinBchkhoa,vnhngcngtrnhnghincuquymvlchs
ncnh.Thamvngcatilmunxydngthmnhiutrngc,muasmthmnhiudngcvtuynthmnhiugiochcchocclngmc
xaxigimthiunnmch.Munth,tichtrngphilyhcphcptrunghcmminphcptiuhctrongtinhthnngiitrcko
tayngiisauvthnhthymtrnngthn,thnhphntrembthitthinhtnhnglingonhttithnquctiptcvichc.
Chtrngnylcbygicnhiudlunchngi,nhngngy641965,chnhphPhanHuyQutthitlptrlidnny.
Viccptcthhailphikhilingunsuitnhtdntcvthctrchnhimungncnhngunchothhtrmchnhsch"lmsng
danhCha"canhNglmchomtphnlnsinhravngngoi,dsngtrnquhngmnhmsuynghvhnhxnhmtngingoi
quc.ChDimbrivicthcngQucT,khngcluncngynghlHngVng.TibnphihpviBThngTinvBoChpht
ng"PhongTroVNgun"mtrchtllmsnglingyGiT.NhnngygiTnm1964,titchcvnchtangyltrngth
nytiNhVnHa(QucHic)visthamgiacartngtrthc,sinhvinvthanhnin.Tikugitondnhyphtngphongtroxy
nthTtiSiGn,ticctnhvtikhpnitrnminNamtdo,lyngygiTlmngyhilncaqucgia.(Sau,ticnnhnhvn
DonQucSvitmtbirtsuscnghlyngyGiTlmngyQucKhnh).TronglcchnhphlmngylGiTtiNhVnHath
sinhvinihccnglmlGiTtheonghithcctruyntitrngiHcVnKhoa.yllnutinsinhvinVitNamclmlGiT
vbuilthuhtcsthamdngocaccbclothnh,ccnhns,ccnhtrthcvgiithanhnin.(Cngnhvykhng,ng
UvinThanhNinNguynVnKiuvngThanhHng?).
VicgiTvxydngnthTkhngphichnmtrongmctiu"ungncnhngun"tmvdntcmthi,mcnxydngtnhon
kt,nghangbo,nhcnhchongiminNam,ngicaxthucac:HcnglconchucaHngVng,hcnglanhemcngging
477/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
kt,nghangbo,nhcnhchongiminNam,ngicaxthucac:HcnglconchucaHngVng,hcnglanhemcngging
nivingiminBc,vchiarlcht,onktlsng,cikhuhiuccnchhomychcnmrimchabaogicthchin.
Thtth,nhvnVPhinvit:
NgidntrongNamnhthngtThunHanhchimnht,nhncnhnguncnngidnngoiBcthhsngticingun,cnm
tngvuna.Chungquanhh,nonhngnHng,nhngniTnVin,lngPhng...chngtchbuihnghoangskhaicadntchy
cngngibnmnh.NhngcingitrongNamucbit.
Thtvy,trckia,sauthiNamBcphntranhcchbit,vtrckhicihcqucngvinhngschgiokhoacaccngTrnTrngKim,Bi
K...cphbin,cltrongmbnhdnlamlththc,quanhnmloxngphakhaiphminsnhlyCMu,UMinh,...trongmngiyt
aingheninHngVng,Phng...Cnghechngnhngchuyncngxaxi,vinvng,mh,HngVngdngnckhngrrng
bngChaNguynmnc...
lchuync,bygithkhc.BygikhngnhngchnhquyngiTHngVngSiGnmdnchngtnLongKhnh,TyNinh,Phc
Tuy...cncdndngnHngniChaChan,niBen,VngTu...11
TsaulGiTutinnm1964dotichxng,ccchnhquyntiptheohngnmctiptcchnhngyquclsongsongvibuil
caccnhns,sinhvintisnHoaL.Tronglc,nhiuhionvnhaSiGnbtcnhppcalngdnnnxngxutvicxyct
nthTtinhiutnhcngbtudngQucmiuchoaphngnhngVPhink.TitinrngnhngngiVitdntcungvi
tivviclmsnglingygiTvxydngnthQucT.Tnchngnhnglmthnhngvnhacnthitm,tronggiaion,cn
lmtcuctncngchnhtrquantrng.Nukhngkhilitnhtdntckhigiaong,nukhngkhilivic"ungncnhngun"tm
linimkiuhnhthqundnhysinhnhgicchoai?chocig?(Xhiphnha,ocsaavtinhthnchbicadntcHipChng
HoaKvccqucgiavnminhTyphngchnglmtbihcngsuygmchochngtahaysao?CngSnsaukhichimotminNam
vivtithitnHngtiPhThvmtrinlm"HngVng"tiSiGnthtisaongiVitdntclibriQucT?).
VicthbalnhngquyttmchngCngchonhndn,nungchditthcuncchogiithanhnin,sinhvin.NhgiosButtingerni
trongVietnam,APoliticalHistorymtitrchdnlitrongmtchngtrc:
BnchtcachDimkhngththuytphccsthamdcagiitrthcthanhnin,sinhvinvccngphiqucgiavocngcuc
chngCng,thbincPhtgionm1963lilchisinhvinvthanhnindnminlcchngDimhnlchngCng,chonnvic
phchitinhthnchngCngchoccgiilmtviccnlmngay.
Ngy2071964,titchcmtcucbiutnhvitiCngtrngLamSnlnnCngSnvknimngyQucHnhunulnlith
Bctin.Haiminmqua,SiGncnhngcucbiutnhlnnhthiVitMinhcpchnhquynnm1945,thichnhphTrnVnHukhi
Trncht,nhngchaccucbiutnhnovatoln,vatphpcttcngphi,tngio,sinhvin,ngboccgiingonh
cucmttinhQucHn1964.NhngkhitnidinchobntngiolnlCaoi,HaHo,CnggiovPhtgio,vccngiVit,Vit
Quc,DnX,PhcQuc,DuyDn,VitCch,tpnpkovaimhnhlvicvbiungcamionth.imcbitlhaiminm
qua,PhtgiochabaogithamdmtcucbiutnhtCngnocachnhquynmnmnayPhtgioligpmthnghuvicctngio
bn.idinPhtgiolThngtaThinMinhcnglndinnbytquyttmcamnhmticnnhmicuni:
VkhscbnnhtchinthngCngSnllngdn.Lngdnlthnhtrbovmich,lngdnlphnduchechchobingiiquc
478/611
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VkhscbnnhtchinthngCngSnllngdn.Lngdnlthnhtrbovmich,lngdnlphnduchechchobingiiquc
gia...
Sngithamdcucbiutnhckgiquctctnhlnatriu,cntheobochVitngl800.000ngi,chimtrncngtrngLam
Sn,ngNguynHu,LLi,TDovcnranngTrnHngovbnBchng.10gisng,itNguynNgcLoancnhim
vbaytrcthngtrnbutriSiGntheodibinchuyncacucmttinhcnbocochotibitnhngdngthcngivnangtccca
ngthnhtunvtrungtmthnhph.TngLmVnPht,BtrngNiv,cnhimvchhuyanninhtrtt,gptitmiloutrccuc
tphpvcngngocasinhvinvdnchng.ChuntngAlbertCao(hinPhp),nglVnphngPhThtng,cngKhnh
chontrcdxttnhhnhvKhnhvnlngianghi,engicucmttinhQucHnsbinthnhcucmttinhoKhnh.AlbertCao
gptinglikhmphcvcuctchcvstphpngoca"cmtrngngi".
Haiminmqua,SiGnchahcmtcucmttinhTCngnocshindincanhngnhnvtlnhoqucgia,thmtrongcucmt
tinhhmnay,trnkhnidanhdcmtQuctrng,Thtngvtonthnhnvinchnhph.yNgoigiaooncngthamd
quanstvnhgitnhcmcmthCngSncangiVitsngminNam.ngtrnbccao,milntih"oCngSn,VitNamc
lp,tdomunnm"lmytrmngnmingcnghtheo,mytrmngncnhtaycngdcaonhcnghavitingvngDinHngnmxa
trongquyttmditthcunc.
Tihm,sinhvinSiGntchc"mkhngng"vdinhnhtrnccngphvihngngnbucthpsngthnhtinitrn
kia.
ThanhninVitNamtribaothhchungnhngthngtrmnaunhtnhngcnghohngnhtcavnnc.Thh1945lthh
gcbtnghinplisngnisaugn100nmdntcquhngmchmtrongtmti,ticthayhblnhtCngSnHChMinhladi
thh1954khontrngvicqucgiacho"chsNgnhDim"ribtlitbichnhschtngiotrvgianhtrcachthh1963li
vnglnnhvbophxingxchcti,btchpkhngbvlaot.Nhngsaungycchmng1963,nhmngittrongbngtilaou
ranhsng,thiukthututranh,thiulthuytcchmng,thanhninbthahavnhiuthlc.Do,vicucbiutnhhmnay,timuntr
lichothanhnincihngkhcngvongutranhchung,mtrchtlkhctnhngmhoccaCngSnvkhctucphe
phicapha"qucgia",cngnhauonkttodngmtchlcstchoqucgiatrongcngcucchngCngcuncvxydngliqu
hng.
ViccpbchthtltolithchngchongiVitchngCngtihingoimcbitltiPhp.NcPhpcthcoinhlchaca
HinghGenve,cahipcchiaitnc,lngtchnhtrquctdoDeGaulleangcmquyn,mtnhnvtcnhiuuytntrongnhng
vnngquctmlichtrngthngnhthaiminBcNamVitNamtheonhngiukhoncahipnhGenve,tcllmlichoCngSn
HNi.
DichDim,nhhngcaTaisVitNamCngHatiPhpkhngrakhihaitanhs45v89trnconngDeVillierstiParis
qun17.isPhmDuyKhim,tuyltrngmtnhimsngoigiaoVitNamnhnghontonbchnhquynPhpiung,nningayc
chuynnhnhphngtindichuyncngkhnggimsdngmtloixenokhchnlthxeCitroendoPhpchto.SaungPhmDuy
KhimlinngPhmKhcHy,mtvisthamnhngbPhpcoithng.Sutgn9nmdithihaingisnitrn,Vitkiuvsinhvin
tychayTais,ngiqucgiakhnggimnhnmnhlngicachminNam.MilncnnTaisvnhngvnlnhshayv
chuynngn,hphinmthmvsnginghngbitc.
TaiscumtTngHiSinhVindoanhTngSongcmu,nhngchcmtssinhvinrtnhtheoTnghiny,cnassinhvin
utychayvhchorngTngSongltaysaicaTais,nghaltaysaicachDim.ThibtmnchDimcasinhvinqucgia
479/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
utychayvhchorngTngSongltaysaicaTais,nghaltaysaicachDim.ThibtmnchDimcasinhvinqucgia
tiParisbngnddikhiphionbNhuigiicnParissauvtncngchachinm20863.DnbiuHNhChi(hinSanJose)
idinbNhucngviisPhmKhcHynVinPhpVit(InstitutFrancoVietnamien)s269ngSaintJacquestiParisthuyttrnh.
NhngngHNhChivamilndinnthbcpin,cchuatrngthidndpnmvongtavisPhmKhcHy,khinhainhnvt
idinchochDimphitholuichytrn.
DichDim,sinhvinqucgiatiPhpchngnhngkhnggianhpvoTngHiSinhVindoTaistchcmlicnchiaranhiu
nhmchlohotngthnhuvvnnghmthi(HiSinhVinTngThn,NhmByNgnhNghThut,HiSinhVinNhngDng...)H
raitminNamtdovctinhthnchngCngrtcao,nhnghkhngtchchocthamgiavoccsinhhotchngCng,thmts"con
ngchucha"ligianhpHiLinHipVitKiucaCngSntiPhp.HinyctchcCnggiothnCngcalinhmcNguynnhThi
ymtrnnCngSnVitNamhotngtiPhprtmnh,mcdhkhngcTaisnhVNCH.
TrctnhtrngtlitvnhcnhcangiqucgiatiPhp,mtxmnnngoigiaokhnkhocahvnnhhngnngnntnglais
phnVitNamCngHa,tichtrngphitolithchngchokiubovsinhvinqucgiahunhtanuythcaHNitrntPhp.
Nm1964,tinghvichnhphNguynKhnhgiatngssinhvinduhctiPhpmgimbtssinhvinduhctiHoaK,ciLi...
nghcatilcubmtsBtrngphnivsqucgiasmtimtsngoitln.CcvBtrngkhngnghnnhngliim
chnhtrtuyhcbitvhaingNgnhNhuvNgTrngHiutnkhnhiutinbcvhngtrmkvngchoSnNgcThnh,SamSary,
pChunmchmualysthtbichnhtrvqunschoqucgia.Nhngricuicng,tngKhnhvmtsnhnvinchnhphthyvn
chngCngcaVitkiutrntPhplcpthitnnchpthunchotrn800sinhvinrai,mlnnyaslccsinhvintngtheohc
chngtrnhVitbcTrunghcchkhngphihontontcctrngTynhtrc.
Trckhiccsinhvinnylnng,ticbitmimtsmtitinlhcthtrthnhcnbutranhnngctnvnphnghaynhring
cativakhuynkhchhchmlohchnhvangvintinhthnutranhchngCngcah.Tithitthanivihrngnuchngmay
tncrivotayCngSnthdhctrthnhnhkhoabng,mnhbngcpcahcngchscgitrcamtchngminhthhnhngh
cakilmthu,ilmcng...chothinhmthi.
QuthchkhngphcngtiutranhvichnhphKhnhhcrai,nhtlhcngkhngphlngkvngmthmcaring
ti.Hraivimtuicnnontrchan20,hraivimtingPhpcnbpb,hnmtmitrngxal,bngnhngnhmtsln
ctrangbbnghngkhicanhngbuilGiTHngVngvbngkhngkhcacucbiutnhngyQucHn,chonndhmirai
vothng8,thng9nm1964munm1965hemlilunggimichokhingiVitqucgiaangtrngniquhngngDeGaulle.
HaiminmquatiPhpvcbittiParis,CngSnVitNamchimcquynchnhtrvcchimrpMaubertMutualit(Qun5)lmdin
ncngkchngiqucgia,tronglcngiVitqucgia,kcnhngthnhphnilpvichaichnhquynBcNam,vnnhnhngkmang
mccmtili,chhotngmthm,lt,ncmcchoCngSnthaotnghonhhnh.Lcvngbascchcphtphinitrs
caTaisVitNamCngHamthi.
Nhngnunm1965,viscngtccamtstsinhvinitrc,visdudtcaccbcnanhnhbcsNguynNgcQu(hin
Php)nhgiosLVnHng(hinM)vviquyttmemchunginhxngi,nhmsinhvintrtui1964ltngccthc,
sanbngcciuthcquynchnhtrcaVitCng.HtchccbuivnnghtngbngrnrlnutintirpMaubertvis
thamgiangocakiubochimtrn2.000chicghmcntrnraccngnglncn.
Vithnhcngutinlmphnkhikiubo,lmngcnhinngiPhp,nhmsinhvintrtuikianhcnhbumcgi,thathngxngln,
htchcTngHiSinhVinVitNamParisvbtumnhngihiththao,ihivnnghvcccuchpchnhtrlikocstham
480/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
htchcTngHiSinhVinVitNamParisvbtumnhngihiththao,ihivnnghvcccuchpchnhtrlikocstham
dcartngkiubovsinhvinVitNamcmttrntonuChu.Nhssinhvin1964,TngHiSinhVinVitNamParistphpcmt
lclngchngCngmnhm,tsinhhotchnhtrtrthnhsinimnhiuphen,nhngcucthhng,ngmmuxyragiahai
phesinhvinQucCng.
Ticthnimkhngscichnhrngtkhicssinhvin1964nPhp,tingnivshindincangiqucgiaVitNammicnix
uChuny.
Vitlionhikny,lngtirnlnnimthngkhoi,tchotrongcuci30nmhotngcamnhcnhiusngkinchnhtrco
nggpphncnglaokhimtnviccchinsqucgiatrongcucutranhcunc.Tuynhin,nimthngkhoichnnhmtlnginh
thongquavscmginlitrvpmnhvotmtrkhinhnnhngklnhoqucgiathiuc,vti.
ChNgnhDimvign9nmcaitr,cTais,cPhongTroCchMngQucGiaHiNgoi,ctchcbmtcabcsTuyntiu
Chu,cnhnghotngcaChaThun,chaGingvbSusanneLabin,csymtrcanhngnhnvtPhptrongPhongTroCngHaBnh
DnvnhngtusngiPhptrongHiTruynGioHiNgoi,vvivstinbc,phngtinmnhchukhutphctrctchcCngSn
tiPhpvnkhngcTaislmninngta.TimunhiquCTrnThanhQuan,HaVnNgvnhiuchcquyncaTaisVit
NamCngHatiPhplcbygi(hinhingoi)xemnhnglitrnhbycatitrnycnghaykhng?
SauchDimlinchqunphit,thamnhngcaThiuKmringcungcchxscangNguynCaoKtiPhpcnglmmt
qucthvmtnimtincangbori.Nm1968,PhTngthngNguynCaoKnParisvinhimviukhin,theodinhnghotng
caphionVitNamtiHaHiParis.cdpsngnikinhhoal,uctuvmucaobicangKlinilnlmchongqunmnhl
"phngdinqucgia".ngKkhngnghnnithngkhcangboniqunhmcngkhngnnhnghysinhcaanhemsinhvin
tiuChuvaihcvaphiilmsinhsng,vadnthnutranhchoicuc.ngKliemvismsachngdinnitimmayDior,
timmaysangnhtvtnhtcakinhnhsngavitrttuytnivngnixaxivduhtiuxivungvi.ngkhngnghnbnphn
camnh,khnggitcphongcanhlnholmchoquctchciviphngcthmchituyntruyntochnhnghachoMtTrn
GiiPhngMinNam.
Cngvcplnhoqucgianhthchonnvokhongnm1973,khibcsNguynNgcQuvgiosLVnHnggptitiSiGn,ti
trnhbychohbitbnhtnhminNamhtthuccha.BcsQuvgiosHngvnchabaogiquenbittinhngkhivncthamquan
hghnthmti.TicnnhhnhnhbnhdvnhngllunchnhtrscbncabcsQukhingngimovitisutbabnting
nghtigcsnnhtiningGiaLongtrongmti.TicnnhnhkhoahcdanhtingLVnHnglmchotihtscngcnhinkhi
ngnthmtivomttrahnngchibngchicxepcccchvboKakibcmu.Tikhenthmhaingxngnglnhngchins
gngmu,nhngvvnncoin,saunyhaingutrthnhnhngngithtchtchmdtmihotngchnhtr.
Cniviccsinhvintr,haunchpnhncibthnhcaqucgiadonhngktxnglnhlnhogyra,hvnkincngvil
tngutranhchngCng.Hvngictruynthngkscadntc,vahctpvaphcvtnc,nhvymhvnbotnc
chahotngcaTngHiSinhVinParislnncaoimvonm1975khihkintrtipnivymnhmttrnutranhviboquyn
HNi.Tpsan"NhnBn",banVnNghTngHi,nhngcucbiutnhrmr,vvonm1985,cuChtchTngHiSinhVinTrnVnBhy
sinhnnnc...lnhngahoasngchimhtnhnvnnymmtnhngkhaivcanhmsinhvinraivonm1964.
nhrngvnhathmunhngnghntaphtakhptthi,nhngtrongsinhhotqucgiavcbitvmtiuhnhbmychnhquynth
chnhtrvvnhaphiisonghnh.Hungchitrongbicnhtnclcbygithchnhtrc"anc",vnhami"lcnghip"cnnuchnh
trctrongtnhthlonly,nhndnthiunhhngthchcchnnlcxydngvnhasphichuthmcnh"dtrngxect",chonnti
481/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trctrongtnhthlonly,nhndnthiunhhngthchcchnnlcxydngvnhasphichuthmcnh"dtrngxect",chonnti
phicptcaranhngthchintrncthtnnmngchomtnnvnhanhnbn,dntcludi.
Tuynhin,mimnhimchcvPhThtngVnhaXhitrongkhongthigianqungnngi,tuthngHaincuithngBynm
1964,vchathchincgchoicucthuthngTm,tngKhnh,tngKhimctiiiHnthamdlcLpcancbnv
cmngipQuniVitNamCngHamtsdngcthucmen.Trongchuyncngduny,ngNguynThi,nguynTngGimcVit
TnxthiDim,vitVcNhunthptngtrongphioncati.ngNguynThicnlthngdchvinchotitrongcccucmthoi
viccnhlnhoncbn.
niHn,tihimviTngthngParkChungHee,ThtngChnhph,vChtchQuchi.nghincuvthnthvsnghipca
TngthngParkChungHeenntithnhthtbytlngknhmnng.TngthngParklmtnhcti,nhnglictichodnchonc,v
ringcnhnnglilmtnhlnholimchnhvsngsut.Phunhnlmtnginbgngmuvkhimtn,bkhngthamdvovic
chnhtrcachngmchxuthinkhiphitiptn,hockhinghithcbtbucphicshindincavnhtPhunhn.Tinhndpny
gnNhtBoQucHunChngchovTngthngncbn,mtsKimKhnhchoChtchQuchi,ThtngChnhph,BtrngNgoi
giaovBtrngQucphng.TngthngParkcngtraotngchotitmHunChngcaoqunhtcaqucgiaiHnvmiithstvtuyn
38chiaiNamBc,thmBnMnim,vcvtngbnsaoTlnhQuningminhtiiHnthuyttrnhvkhnngphngthgii
tuyn.Nh,tirttathmmtskinhnghimvtnhthcanhngqucgiabphntranhQucCng,bchiailnhth.
NhlithiTngthngLThaVnquathmVitNam,ngDimchotibitTngthnghLchasgiqunquagipVitNamCngHakhi
cnn,nntrongcuchimmtcuicngviTngthngPark,viThtngvBtrngQucphng,chunbchotnhtrngchintranh
angtrnmrng,titvnthamchincaquniiHntiminNamVitNam.TngthngParkvchnhphcangrthoan
nghnhvhavitisgingaymtSonutinkhiminNamVitNamcnn,vNamHnvNamVitNamucngcnhngnnd
dngcmthngtrongviccugiplnnhau.TuynhinNamHnmaymnhnNamVitNamlnhsaukhiginhliclpclnhongay
bimtnhchnhtryuncyudnnhTngthngLThaVncnNamVitNamthlibcaitrbimtvquanliphongkinvctinh
ngNgnhDim.vyNamHnlicbaobcbabbiidngnnddngkimsotvtuyn38,tronglcminNamVitNamblin
snlinranhviccncLovCaoMinnnqunBcVitxmnhpddng.CcchnhphnitipsauLThaVnlikhngchtrngkth
tngio,khngthamnhngthintnhVitNamCngHannciasnhndnngh.
NgytgiiHn,ticchnhphncbntngmtbghtrngkcnxcrtprtqu,tngtnhcHNihocHuthixa,
nhngtitchi.NamHnmingymthngcngvclkhnginkhithk20chmdt,qucgianyskhngthuaPhp,Anhhoc
ccncknghTyphngtintin.
RiiHn,tivNhtBnghthmvNgoitrngNhtdchngtrnhcngducatikhngtrliucucvingthmny.Saukhitrnhby
nhngkhkhnvkinhtvxhicaVitNamCngHachovNgoitrngncbn,tiyucungtmcchvintrthmchominNam.ng
havitiltrongkhichimtkhochvintrludi,chnhphNhtBnscuxtvcthgipchoVitNamCngHa20triula(s
tinnynthichnhphPhanHuyQutminhnc).NgoitrngNhtlicnhmitithmvingmtscskngh.Nhnthmhng
xeHonda,bitccucicavchnhnGimc,tilicngcmphctinhthncutinvnhnnicadntcPhTang.ngHondanguyn
lmttrungsKhngqunthinhThchin,saukhiNhtchinbingcgiingvnhlmnghsaxegnmy.Vimtsbloongc,
vichickm,ngbtusnghipdimttmtnttimtgcng.Nhkinnhn,klng,singnngvkhimtn,bitchukhchhng,
"timsaxe"cangmingymtphtt.Mynmsau,khikimcsvn280la,ngkugibnhuchungcphnxydngcsk
nghxehiHonda.Saukhngy20nm,hngHondacchinhnhnhiunivcthtrngkhpthgii.iulmchoticmphcltinh
thnxhicaccnhtbnNht:chvthcoinhaunhanhem,tinthng,tintrcpxhidnhchothkhcao.Tithibitbaogi
ngiVitNammithhinrathnhthctcitinhthn"Buithnglybcng"nhconchuThiDngThnN.
482/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngiVitNammithhinrathnhthctcitinhthn"Buithnglybcng"nhconchuThiDngThnN.
TiangdnhithmHongThnhcavuaHiroHitovCKyotothbngnhnccngincatngKhnhgivngay.VnSiGn,
nhnquangcnhThxotrndoHinchngVngTugyra,tichuaxtnhnquhngmchmtronggibihnthvphnha.Bygi
thtihiuvsaoKhnhvKhimkhngcngNht,NhPhThtngiiHnmlictivnchlTamPhThtng.Thrah
nghingticthdavolclngsinhvinvPhttchngiliHinchngVngTuvchnhtrvconcah.Chtrchngaysau
ngychnhl,haitLNguynKhangtPhiLutTnvthaythchutilTrungtNguynBLin(anglTlnhThyQunLcChin).
LNguynKhangtPhiLutTnv,ithngbngtrcthngnKinHanichutiangchhuymtcuchnhqunquantrng,iphic
bngiaotckhcchcTlnhvLinphivngaySiGnbngchictrcthngcaKhang.ThiutTrnVnNht,ngibnthncachuti
cngbthuynchuynrakhibinhchngThyQunLcChinvphicngvichutiiphcvtiManilatrongvnphngTyvinQuns.Th
ratuyhmunlidngtntuivuytncatinhngvnenginnmmuvhiuhaccbnhuvconchucatingaykhihvachnh
lxong.ChtrchhytiiiHngtimtphntcthchngihtrongvicmamayquaycungtunghlnnhautiVngTu,
chungquanhciHinchngquin.
Nhlikhongthigiantmthngtrc,ngy3111964,haitngKhnhvKhimgitinBTngThammu"cviccn".Chnlc
timibitcucchnhldoKhnh,KhimvVincmuxyra.Khnhtrnhbynhngldobucngtavmtstngtrphilmcuc
chnhl.HaitngKhnhvKhimcngchotibit"bnn,Kim,Xun,ViviTy",chtrngtrunglp.Nhngkhititvhoinghithhbo
rngcybngcvvic"nhm"chophpNguynVnVvdnhchophpTrungtTrnnhLanvVitNamlmt.HaitngKhim
vKhnhcnnithm:tngDngVncPhpvchsv"nhnghotngtrunglp",nhnghotngchoPhpcaVvLan.My
thngsau,khicctngn,Xun,Kim,nh,VbemraxtxtiLttrongsuthaingymrng,timibittngVccctngn,
KimmivtrchtvVtngchngichDimvchvtnhbnvicctngKim,n.TngVctinhthnthnPhpnhngliclp
trngchngtrunglpvchnggiiphpthngnhthaimincaTngthngDeGaulle.Trtruthay,nhngkcngviKhnhlnntngVl
chtrngtrunglptrongcbangThiu,Khim,VinsaunylimitngVgichcTngtrngQucphngkhihtrthnhnhngnh
lnhoqucgia,thlnhoqucgiathamnhng,tronglctngVvnlngilimchnh.Vn"ngnhngquni"mtngVphichu
trchnhimchlvn"ctxtranhiu".ChngquaHoaKkhngmunquniVitNamcmtstbntolnnnbucngNguynVn
Thiuphigiitnngnhngquni.
Chnhlxong,haitngKhnhvKhimbnnhtingptngDngVnMinhtidinhHoaLanngHngThpTminggichc
Quctrng.Vchanmvngtnhhnhnntimunnhndpnybitthmchitit,tibnghnhtngMinhthgpthmccctngLVn
Nghim,PhmXunChiuangngibnbcchuyntrtrongcnnhbqunlnhcanhmchnhlcanhgc.Saukhinghetitrnhbychtrng
catngKhnh,tngMinhvivmttrmngmnhtivniliviKhnhlngssuynghvtrliKhnhsau.Tibnvthngnhtiv
inthoichoKhimbitkincatngMinh.
QuenbitvlmvicchungvitngKhnhlungy,tibitnglngithngminh,quynbin,muc.hailnngtthicngrnlmti
khmphc.LnthnhtsaubincNhyDvongy12111960,KhnhramtkhinhmnbNhu,nginbmTngthngDimcnphi
vnglikingn.Vlnthhai,KhnhquytlityucungNhuphicchchcTlnhQunonIVcaHunhVnCao,ngi"connui"cagia
nhhNg.ngKhnhtcoHunhVnCaolbtti,btlclmchongNhuphixungnc:"HychoCaoththchmtthigiannari
shay".ngKhnhcnhiuquanimconh"TrthcminNamltrthcphngtrchlotranhdnhavmkhngthyrhimhaCng
Sn".Trongcuchpbochiungy2264saukhivachnhl,Khnhlicaoboch"mtngibtlmtson".SaunyKhnhcncdp
caoquni"lchaqucgia".KhibNhuPhpcngkchcctnglnh,Khnhgintiptrli"vnnithkhngainihnnb.Nhng
bNhulthnbcbitmtaphithng".
TibitngKhnhvnkhngthucphengnodkhichnhlngclinhvingiVitcangNguynTnHon.Saucucchnhl,
483/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TibitngKhnhvnkhngthucphengnodkhichnhlngclinhvingiVitcangNguynTnHon.Saucucchnhl,
tngKhnhhavitinhtnhphilmCchmngvstiptcbovtinhthnngy1111963.Vithichnhtrclpcang,vivic
tngDngVnMinhchulmQuctrng,tinghtngKhnhcthnnhtnhhnhlmviclnchonntibnglnghptcviKhnh
v Khim.Ti so snh ci thng minh, quyn bin v c mu ca Khnh nh mt th H Qu Ly thi nay vi hy vng Khnh c th tr thnh mt
NassercaVitNamCngHa...
Trccnhxotrncatnc,ngy3091964tiquytnhcounhmtcchbytthi,ritchcPhThtngvtrvquni,
trlicucihctrngyhaibuintrngsinhngqunihcthmAnhvn.BihcNgnhDim,bihctnglnhlmchotithm
thannquytnhxalnhchnhtrng.Nhngrimthm,ticKhnhmivodinhThtngvyucutiiPhphaithngquansttnh
hnhv"PhpangcnhngmmuvnngavnVitNamratrcmthinghquct".Khnhcungcp10.000quanPhpchovicchi
phtiPhptronghaithng.TinghthmKhnhmunytirakhincnntchingayvildotitnglthnhphn"personanon
grata"cachnhquynPhp.Khnhboticvsuynghli.VihmsauAlbertCaonnhtimangtheovmybayiPhpvcingnphiu
20.000quan:"TrungtngKhnhnhtnhnhThiutngiPhpvtngtinchiphchoThiutngln20.000quan".TiboCao:"Anhvtha
liviTrungtngrngtikhngiuhtngemtinbcmdti.TingiiTrungtngchoquncnhnbt.Tibitngtamun
ytirancngoi".CaoravvsaukhngthyKhnhnhcliviPhpna.Nhngmtthngsau,Khnhlichomitivovnphng
yucuticngvilnhtTDoKhmerSnNgcThnhiThiLantrongmingyquanstcngcucchinuchngSihanoukvgiao
thipvicquantnhbohingoicaThiLanhuthitlpkhochtraoitintctnhbogiahaichnhphnhtinitrckia.Tibit
KhnhlimunytirakhincnhngtivnbnglngivtintngrngiThiLanthvictrvnckhngkhkhng.Tiemtheochu
tiliyHilmsquantyvin.
KhilnmybaytiphitrngTnSnNht,tingcnhinthyThiutHu,mtcucnbCnLaoCngGiotnglmvicvibcsTuyn
trongSNghincuChnhtritheo.HuchotibitiThiLanllinlcvicquantnhboVitNamtiBangkoknhngtibitHuvng
lnhcaKhnhitheoditi.(ThiutHudichNguynVnThiugichcTnhtrngCamRanhnitinglmttaythamnhng).
nBangkok,ticngviisThiQuangHongnthmxgiaoThtngSaritThanaratvsauhihpmyngylinvicccquantnh
boThivthmtchccaSnNgcThnh.Lidngnhnglcrnhri,tngHongdntiithmvingphongcnhxThivchimngng
mtschathpdanhting.Gn10ngysau,tinhnccngincaKhnhyucuphiriThiLaniMLaihaithngnghincuvdu
kchchincaxny.BitrngKhnhmunymnhixahn,tibnquytnhtrv.TingpThiQuangHongvchobitstrvVit
Namngay.Hongnohiti:"Bcvbngcchg?",titrlilin:"TisvbnggheThiLan,blnHTinhayRchGirivSiGn".
Tnglbnthnlunm,bitrnhauquanhiuhotngqunsvchnhtrdinhiuch,tibitHonglconngikhphchcantrng.
Honglolngchoti:"Bcvnhvysnguyhim.TiscpvmybaychoBcvthngSiGn.KhinoBctchnxungphitrngTn
SnNht,tisnhinbochochnhph".SlinlynavcaHong,titchinhngHongninkhuyntiphitrvbngphic,ri
tintiratnmybay.VSiGn,tiinsnghmsaumivogpKhnh.Khnhkhngtvtcginnhngvicimmciybhim,
Khnha:"Thlhailnanhkhngtunlnhti".tlusau,tngHongcngmtchcisVNCHtiThiLan.
ChnhtnhVitNamvnsing,nhngxotrnvnlintipxyratiSiGnvHu,ringPhanKhcSulnlmQuctrng,ngTrnVn
HnglmThtng,ThngHingQucGiarai,TrungtngNguynKhnhtrvqunigichcTngTlnh,haiitngDng
VnMinhvTrnThinKhimirancngoi.DoplccamtstngtrviQuctrngPhanKhcSu,cctng"gi"(trongcti)
bucphivhukt30121964.
Rikhichnhtrng,rikhiqunitimngthmtythotvngcngta,scynthndbitrngnhtivnbnhngnhnvinan
ninhtheodi.Titiptcccthvuibnhnhtnhcsch,ungtr,nhttm,tibnvuivibnhinvnnhccthyTvinivnghe
chuyni.
484/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chuyni.
Khngngvokhongbagim20121964,itNhiu,mtcngsvincaKhnhvanglGimcSTrungngTnhBo,ixejeep
cngvibabinhsvtrangnnhringcatimitingpHingTngLnhangnhmhptiBTngThamMu.Tibitvicchng
lnhlixyranndnvconcyntmnhvtinchuynnyraithcnlulmmitrv.
itNhiumitivongitrongphngkhchnhtngKhnhtrongkhunvinBTngThamMu,gncngchnh.Trongmtphngbnkia,
Khnh v cc tng tr ang hi hp. H Chun tng Sang va ngi ni chuyn va canh chng ti. nm gi sng, cuc hp va tan th
NguynVnThiu,riNguynChnhThinchovnivicuchuynibi.nbygisng,tngNguynHuC,lcbygilTlnh
QunonIIngPleiku,vogptivchobit:"TiclnhHingTngLnhmianhemlncaonguynmtthigian".TngCmi
tilnxevaraphitrngTnSnNht.Tiy,tithymtschnhkhch,mtsyvinHingQucgia,mtssinhvinvbangibn
thncatilnhboVNgcCc,lutsTrnThanhHip,vhcgiMaiNgcLiu.Bitlnghingthuyn,ccngCc,Hip,Liuvti
nhnnhaummci.nPleiku,bcsLKhcQuynbgilignBTlnhQunon,ngNguynVnLcbchuyniNhaTrang,ccchnh
khchvsinhvinkhciKontum,cnringtithtngCdnhchongidinhthccavinCngsPhp,bitphichotimtbinhsphc
v.T,tivotnhtrng"qunthcvhnnh"trnthnhphuhiuny.Thnhthong,tngCnchuyntrhocchthnlixeati
ithmphongcnhPleikunhngtuytnhinkhngbaogicpnvicqunthccatihoctholunvtnhhnhchnhtrcatnc.Trong
hnhaithng,chngtibqunthcthcTrnVnHngcngmtchcThtngvnghenibantrtiVngTu,chnhphPhanHuyQutra
i,itPhmNgcTho,LcLngBoVDnTcvLcLngionKtcakhiCnggionidychngchnhph.TngKhnhphn
ngtrongtuytvngvHingQunLcchorngnhngxotrnudoKhnhgynn,nncchchctngKhnh.Saumntrnhdinnh
thngchclnitngvgnnhtKimkhnhchoKhnh,HingTnglnhbuctngKhnhphirakhinc.Ngy2521965,Khnh
lnphicritTmangtheomtnmtquhngvhnngytrli.NhngngKhnhimimkhngcngyvdminNamcnhn10
nmtrisngst.ngKhnhxinctrtiMnhngbtchinnnhphinPhpvittcnilngchuachtcamtconnginhiuth
on,mhoccchaianhemngDimNhu,vndngccngiVit,lacttcnhngtnglnhcuicngphi
ngmcu"chTilinvichTaimtvn".
TngKhnhrai,chnhphPhanHuyQutchkodict16265n11665,nghalkhngybnthng,rivschngicaQuc
trngPhanKhcSuvcakhiCnggio,chnhquynlivtaycctngtrvitngThiulmChtchyBanLnhoQucGia,tngK
lmChtchUBanHnhPhp,tngCgichcBtrngQucphng,tngThigichcTlnhQunonI.Cnti,saubathngbclp
Pleiku,ctrvSiGn.
TngybantrtiPleikutrv,vnmangtmhnboth,titrlicucibnhd,mangchicolngendi,btchcngixalmnhn
dt,nginhnmannghaimamcchothsthngtrm...
TikhngthamgiacucutranhcaPhtgionm1966mcdutingvcnbnvilptrngchnhtrcaThngtaTrQuang.
TuynhindtikhnglinhgncucutranhcaPhtgiovcngchngdnhdgnnhngbinnglcbyginhngcctngtrv
BTham mu Cng gio caThiu vn c e ngi nn h ly l do tnh hnh xo trn mt ln na to thm gian trun cho ti. (Sau ny tng
NguynHuCnthmtitinhringvchobittngytivhutrnhngtngnothngcthithhnti.itPhmVnLiusau
khithichcTnggimcCnhstcngghthmvchotibitvbtbtinm1966ldolnhcaNguynVnThiu).
Mthm,ticvinThiutChnhvnphngcaChtchyBanHnhPhpNguynCaoKnmivogpngtatrongDinhThTng.
485/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Mthm,ticvinThiutChnhvnphngcaChtchyBanHnhPhpNguynCaoKnmivogpngtatrongDinhThTng.
Ngyhmsau,tivoDinhikhonghnmttingnghmithyKn.Kithngvovnphngvbttiithmmtginghna
miraphngtipti.Ngichlu,tisuynghminmanonrngclmnhlmiugngchmnnKmicthicaongonhth.
CuicngtionclvchuynmcicaKmtikhngthamdcthlmchoKtcginchng.
Maxunnmngoi,ThiutngTlnhKhngqunNguynCaoKlmlthnhhnvingipntipvinphihnhngTuytMai.m
ciKMailmttrongnhngmcilinhnhnhtVitNamtmychcnmnay,chthuamcingTrnTrungDung,churcaTng
thngDimvdnhinphithuamciincaTngthngThiuvcontraingNguynTnTrung,nhngmcimanghnhthcqucl.
TheobochvnhngbnbtiklithmciKMaigmmtbuiitictiChLnchohaihvbconbnb,rimtbuiiticth
hai ti khch sn Caravelle cho hng ngn quan khch tham d nh Quc trng Phan Khc Su,Th tngTrn Vn Hng, ton b nhn vin
chnhph,tnglnhvccchhuytrngccnvcabangnhHiLcKhngqunangcmttiSiGn,Ngoigiaoon,vrtngnhn
vtcaocpvnvMVit.Nghenirusmbanhnhnbytrmchainkumplinhi.Tnlangtrongchicodidhimu
tnggiainhnchicnhntobngungntay.NghenitngKhnhtngchoNguynCaoKmtstinrtlnKloliumci.mhn
lcacpMaiKtikhchsnCaravellequthtlmtidhitngbnghimcgiaSiGnxotrn,bohiucithgianglncamt
nhnvtanggpthivchnanmsauNguynCaoKtrthnhThtng:Thtngcamtchnhph,mamaithaycchnhKmnh
danhl"Chnhphcadnngho".
Trongqukh,KvncoitinhngianhrutthtvstngthiucaKnhiukhilmvchngtibingi.Trcngyci,chngnhngKgi
hngthipbotinmngmcnntnnhchthnmivchngtidtic.Cnthnhn,gnngyhnlKcngiinthoinhcnhlncui
cng.NhngsaukhinhnthycucCchmng11163angichchkhinhngmcchpbanu,lithmnhngxotrnchnhtrlin
minxyra,ttclmchotichnchngkhngmunchenlnvonhngnithpngocahngngitrnggina.Chngtich
muamtbtrngingiaochosquantyvinnnhtngKlmknimmkhngndtictinhhngCaravelle.
angminmansuynghvchuyntnhnghangyxathbngKvongicnhtivhi:"Thiutngcmnhkhng?Thiutngnhlm
g?"Tip:"TngybcctngtrbticlpPleikuv,tinhnghngi,chacdnhgc".TiixemKcbnbcgvtnhhnh
chnhtrkhngthbngKni:"LungykhnggpnntichmiThiutngvothmththi".Ticmnrirav,Kcnnhntheo:"Choti
gilihithmHovHi".(TicbaachulTh,HovHirtthnthitviKthiKcnlThiut,Trungt).
Vnnh,tisuynghmivcchcxllngcaKiviti.NuquKcnnhchttnhccu,tisaotrongvKhnhvcctngtrbt
tiiclptiPleiku,Kkhngphni.CnnuKbritnhcnghaxathtisaohmnaylimitinthmhi.Tilinghnuqu
KcnknhmntithtisaoKkhngnnhringthmvingmlimitivodinhThtng.TivncnphnvnvthikhhiucaK
thngyhmsau,TrungtNguynVnKhuyn,ChnhsAnNinhQuniThnmitivogpThiutngLNguynKhang,Tlnh
QunkhuThkimTngtrnSiGnGianh.Skinhaitngtrumitilintiptronghaingynhimbtthngbotrcspc
chuynchnglnhxyra.
GpKhang,KhangchobitclnhHingQunLcmitira"tmtr"tiNhaTrangtrongmtthigianchonkhinotnhhnhchnhtrn
nh.RiKhanggiaochotisvlnhvvmybay.Tinghthmthlticccngtngtrbtiqunthcmtlnna.TicmnKhang
ringdyrav.Khangtintiratnxecnnitip:"XinThiutnghiucholngem,emchbitthalnhcptrn".Timmcirilnxe.Ti
ctrchgtngKhangu,vtbitmnhanggpvnhnrcrivangsnggiacnhtnclonlythphichutheocnhng,ThChin
quc,thXunThu,gpthithththiphith.VicaksNgThiNhimplikcthingTrnThngtithucnmlngthc
trchmckucacngchngc,licnthmmttitthocamnh.Hungchiitibaophenlaolung,tyvThcdnvCngSnth
vicphiiantrcthmthagu.
486/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vicphiiantrcthmthagu.
NgyKhangcnlmTlnhThyQunLcChinthingDim,Khangcngcoitinhmtngianh.CngnhCaoVnVin,ngyttKhang
thngnchotithtsmtlngknhmn.Khanglmtsquantcthamvngchnhtrnhnglimangtnhbaphinnkhngccct
chcochnhngDimtnnhim.Trcngyochnh,tngnvtngKhimgiaochochutichhuyThyQunLcChin,mnc
hnhqunBnCtnhlangNhu.Vth,m111BTngthammu,Khangtvlongi.mngigiatngLVnNghimvti,
Khangththm:"XinThiutngvitbobcchoemvi".TitrnanKhang:"Anhctitnhgmphingi,ctianhnglo".Tivnlun
lunthngmnKhang,vthnnngyhmsau,trongcuctholunvsphnngDimhnhlangtrcvnphngitngT,tiko
KhangvTrungtThinbhpraikhitikhngngvicgitngDimnhtinitrckia.
SaukhiCchmngthnhcng,tngnvKhimcchutichnhthcgichcTlnhThyQunLcChinvbnhimKhangilmtyvin
qunstiPhiLutTn.ViccngcnytikhnghhaybitchonkhiNguynBLincquytnhcaBTngThammu.Viccngc
nykhngphilsailmnungvkhacnhCchmngvtronghoncnhthaycimisaumtcucbinhbin,sbnhimngihonton
tnnhimvochcvthenchtchotnchlcbanulchnhschmaicngphilm.Tuynhin,cthKhanglycbiiPhiLutTn
lmbunlngrithontichng.
Sau6thngbantrNhaTrang,timicKnhinchotrvSiGn.SngminNamtdo,bygitimictdoili!
Tnhnhnthchuacayngilchduyt,cuthonocathisVHongChngquningtms,tnhcnhcati,tiquytnhty
khngvngvnnchnhtrng,chlovicsinhsngchogianhvcon.Nhiunhnvtthucngphi,nhiuchnhkhchnhnsnkhuyn
rtirangcDnbiu,Nghstiutchiht.NgayccNguynXunCh,mtbcklotingtmxBcHxakia,chthnnnhmi
tingchungmtlindanhNghsviccngchcaCticngxinkhct.Vth,rtnhiutngtnhTrnVnn,TnThtnh,Thi
QuangHong,HunhVnCao,NguynVnChun,LVnNghim,TnThtXng...uratranhcThngVin,ringtinmnhnhmcuth
c:
Taditatmnivngv
Ngikhnnginchnlaoxao...
o0o
VicqunitrlivicctngThiu,K,C,Chiu,Vinnmquynlnhoqucgiangy19thng6nm1965tmchmdtgiaionxotrn
lnthnht.TnhtrngnynilnsthtbicaPhtgio,casinhvinvngphi.Kcthngcngkhaillptngtrmbochngoi
qucgil"YoungTurk"vkcthngsauhutrngchnhtrlkhiCnggio.
Dsaoth"UBanLnhoQucGia"chlgiiphpthahipchuyntip,chonntronglctngKvitcchThtngchnhphlothchin
nhngchnhschqucgiathtngThiuvnngicntrngvthon,cngviBThammuCnggiocangtalotchcnib,sptk
487/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhngchnhschqucgiathtngThiuvnngicntrngvthon,cngviBThammuCnggiocangtalotchcnib,sptk
hochluditrongqutngNguynCaoKmThiubitrlithsmttrongbicnhtnclcbygi.Thctsaunytrongvic
tranhchpquynhnh,mtrchtltranhlmngvinTngthng,vsaulyKrakhichnhquynnilnnhngmmu,thon
caNguynVnThiuvnhmCnggiothi.
Tngylnnmchnhquyn,ngNguynCaoKcmtshotngnhiungha,thamnphnnonguyncaiasnhndn...
Ngy2461965,chnhphKhpbotuynb"Tnhtrngchintranh",ongiaoviPhp,ngcacctrngPhpchuynidndnthnh
cctrngVitnghutrnhtnhtrngchc"conngchucha"hocconnhgiumichctrngTynhdichDim.
Ngy127,chnhphKcngnhnHinchngcaPhtgioHaHovioTamKPhhaiGiohinytnaycquychringca
h.Tngquthn,tnayttcmitngiotiVitNamubnhngchkhngcmttngionocnchulthucvoodbtcngs10
nhdithiNgnhDimchdnhcquynclichoCnggio.
Ngy167,itPhmNgcTho,ngichmubinc19265bLclngAnninhphckchbtcgnmtnhthBinHaemv
giamtinhaAnNinhQuni.SauctinThochttrongtrnghpcnmangnhiubn.
Ngy1010,TonQunsMtTrnvngIIIChinthutxvcuiTBiDinh(Cnggio)lincantimmultchnhphQutm205
1965.
Ngy211,ththeonguyncaTngHiSinhVinSiGnvdlunccgii,TngyvinVnhaGiodc(GiosTrnNgcNinh)idin
chnhphtvinknimCchmng11163tithnhCngHac,vnltriquncaLonLinBinhPhngvcangDimlctrc.
Ngy1521966,giosTrnNgcNinhtraotng5triuringchoGiohiTheravadaxytrngPali.ChtchSnThiNguyntuynb
"TnayGiohiTheravadakhngcnthngthucNamVangna".
Nhnghotngchnhtr,xhitrnychngtNguynCaoKcthinchmunthchinmtchnhschcngbngtngio,mtyutticn
thitchoisngchnhtrminNamtronggiaionvmynmtrcy,chnhsbtcngvbtbnhngtngiolnguynnhnkhin
ngiqucgiatuycngmtltngchngCngnhnglixuxnhaunhkth,ngviquylut"chiarlcht".
Ngoira,chnhschbclt,thamnhngcaanhemngDim(mKlnnnngntronghikHaiminm,haimingy)aanhemng
Dim vo t l cng l bi hc thm tha cho K. V th K tuyn b "Phi lm Cch mng", tuyn b chnh ph ca ng ta l "chnh ph ca dn
ngho",ngthiKthitlpphptrngxtigianthng...(PhptrngcttrganvithigiantrnmtnmtrinhngchcmtngiTu
lTVinhnti).
TivnquenthnviKlungynnbitrtmtnhcaK.Ktrctnhnnhaytuynb"vngngn"vhnhxphngkhongqunnnhiu
khibvvonl"caobi"nhngtheotithKvnlthngihohip,dmnidmlm,trongmtvitrnghpcngcthgiclthngi
"kin ngha bt vi v dng gi". K li thuc mt gia nh theoTam gio m b thn mu v nhc mu l nhng ngi rt m o Pht.Thi cm
quyn,KvntrungthnhvitinhthnCchmng1111963,cuccchmngmKthamgiatchcc,vngingyknimnylmngyQuc
khnhvralnhtbngknimtithnhCngHanhnitrn.Kcngmun"ungncnhngun",thngungcdntcVitphtxut
taphnSnTy,nichnnhauctrncaKtiminBc.DoKtchclGiTHngVngvcngtrngth,chthnnchta
nhcnhqucdnghinhcngnvuaHngdngnchulmtngphnvianhemngDimctnhquningungcLcHng.
488/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tuynhin,dngNguynVnThiuvnhm"CngGioCnLaoPhcHi"chanmthcquynvdngNguynCaoKtracthinch,nht
lthinchmunbotntinhthnCchmng1111963,"chinlcgiaThchTrQuang"liccinhnkhc.Cinhncangcthhinqua
lituynb:"CnLaomcmchnhquynthchemchnhnghalichoCngSn,qunphitmcmquynthchltaysaichongoibang".
Thct10nmdichqunphitsauchothyquthcThngtaThchTrQuangccinhnchnhtrvcngscbn,sngsut.
ChonnsaukhiThiuKcmquynctthng,ThngtaTrQuangphtngphongtro"ithchindnch,itnglnhtrvvi
nhimvquni,ituynctdo..."Phongtroutranhmrinbngktunm1966,tothnhgiaionxotrnlnthhai,cbit
ltiqunkhuIdotngNguynChnhThigichcTlnh.
TrongthigianchngchDimvonm1963,tachthymcchcaPhtgiovcaThngtaTrQuanglihi"bnhngtngio,t
dohnho",nhngtsaukhichDimbltvnhtltkhicucchnhlcaNguynKhnhmmnchosphchicaCnggioCn
LaothtathyPhtgiovThngtaTrQuangthcsdnthnvoutranhchnhtr.VylptrngchnhtrvthicaThngtaTr
Quangivihintnhtncnhthno?
Mtskgi,hcgingoiquccbitnghincu"bmtmi"caPhtgioVitNam,tngtheodicccucutranhcaPhtgiohocc
gngi,phngvnThngtaTrQuangvnhnxtcahnhsau.TheoJerroldSchecterth:
LptrngcaTrQuanglchnginhngkkhaithcvicchngCng.ngtanhnmnhrng"Phtgiochngnhnglnnnhncanhng
klidngvicchngCng.Hinnaytrongnccbalclng:VitCng,nhngklidngvicchngCng,vthbalqunchng".Tr
Quangnirng"NgiMquannimngiVitNamnnchpnhnvchungnhngchnhphxubivtnhhnhVitNamangnguyngpdo
Vitcnggynn.TriliPhtgionhtnhchnginhngchnhphxuvnhngchnhphnychlmlichoCngSn".TrQuangnitip:
"TimnhmtintngCngSnskhngbaogithnhcng,ticngtintngmnhmrngchnghaCngSnkhngphilltngcanhn
loi.Nhnloicncnhngtritthuytcaohn".TrQuangchorngHoaKchchnnhngcplnhochnhquynmkhngnghnqun
chngnhndn.HiTrQuangcmunHoaKrikhiVitNamkhngthngtatrli"DnVitNamchuaukhhngngy,khngaimunchin
tranhkodi,tuynhindnVitNamkhngaimunbttrcmtgiiphpnhtrnghpncLovgiiphplphngthchpthcha
chintranh".cyucugiithchrhn,TrQuangtrli:"NuccngnmtrongdathtngiVitNam,ccngshiurngngiVitNam
khngaimunchintranhht,tuynhin,ngiVitNamcngkhngmungiiphpnochlmlichokphinlonccithtncngmt
chnhphcdnglnviyphpl.MtgiiphptodngchokphinloncphplkhngbaogicPhtgiochpthun".chi
thmcphinhvylngkhngchpnhnMTGPMN,TrQuangtrli:"Tikhngmunnurtnai,nhngbtcainhntrnchinnytheo
quanimringcahskhngcdnchngVitNamngh"12.
KgiJerroldSchectercnchobitthm:
TrQuangbitcvaitrcaPhtgiocngchcgiihnnnngtanithmrng"Phtgiochngtikhngmunght.NirngPhtgio
munthnythkialsai.TtciuchngtimunlmtchnhphkhngnpPhtgio.Phtgiokhngbotrchomtchnhphno.
KhngthmtmnhPhtgiomchngniCngSn.MunchngCngSnphicqunivmtbmychnhtrcshptccacctn
gio"13.
TrongmtcucphngvnkhcvikgiNhtBnTakashiOka,ThngtaTrQuangni:
"CngSnchngchngtivPhtgionmtronglngdntc.CngSnlunlunmuntchcqunchngmPhtgiolilqunchng.iu
489/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"CngSnchngchngtivPhtgionmtronglngdntc.CngSnlunlunmuntchcqunchngmPhtgiolilqunchng.iu
gykhkhnchocCngSnlnchocchngti".14
"RrngPhtgiongtrongtthqunchngVitNam,cngchiasvinhquangvtinhc,cngcamchuaukhvnhcnhnvidntc.
Nuphichnmtconngthl"conngTrungo,valongB,valomDng"...NhngkisaingTrungo,ul
nhngktheochnghaTyphngphindin".15
NhnlithctlchsvnngdnchcaPhtgio,tacthtmttlptrngchnhtrcaThngtaTrQuanggmsuimchnhyusau
y:
1.KhnghptcviCngSnvMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.
2.Chngccchctivqunphit.
3.ChngsphchiCngGioCnLao.
4.ChngchnhschptcplnhoqucgiatheomuncaHoaKvchngvnhaitryTyphngdunhpvoVitNam.
5.ChngchintranhvihiHaBnh.
6.utranhchominNamVitNammtchthtsdnchthhinquacccucbuctdo,nghimchnh.
CnphibitthmrngtrckhiThngtaTrQuangnurlptrngHaBnhcaPhtgioVitNamthngy1121965,GioHongLaM
kugingngchintiVitNam.Cngtrongnm1965,GioHongPaulVIlintipkugitncunguynchoHaBnhThGiivongy117
1965.Quangy4101965,GioHongchthnnthmHoaK,himviTngthngJohnson,bnvtnhhnhthgiivchintranhVit
Nam.
SaukhiriNuc,GioHongPaulVIbcvogiaioncuicamtchindchkholomanglimtnnhabnhbngthngthotiVit
Nam.NhngvnphngthngtincaVaticanctchclinhnmnhhnvonggiylinlctrctipviidinVaticantingNam..
La M tng cng phi b ngoi giao ti Chu, c bit ti nhng nc c quan h trc tip vi Trung Quc v H Ni. Tng Gim mc Igino
Cardinale, i dinTa thnh ti Lun n, lin lc vi nhng ngi i din Vit Nam ti u Chu. i dinTa thnh ti Ba L,Tng Gim mc
PaoloBertoli,lmvicchungvichnhphPhp,plccHNilnSiGn.VaticanlicngrtxngxoticcthngunhBudapest,
ningicgilGimmcEndreHamvas,vncbnhimvischpthuncachCngSn,nlcngvaitrtrunggian.i
dinVaticantiCambtcngcbocollinhthngviVitCng.Tkhpnitrnthgii,tintctnhbotrnvVaticanquaccnh
ngoigiao,ccvgiophm,ccnhtruyngio,vquacctnThinChagiovngaycGioHongcngtraoicngintrctipving
HChMinh".(TheAmericanPope,JohnCooneyTimeBooks1984,trang293).
NhthlcPhtgiolnCnggioumongmunchmdtchintranh,thchinHaBnh.Ckhcchnglcucvnngngngchinca
TathnhLaMctmvcquct,cnhhngnnglichnhtrcaHoaK,clichoCngSn.Trili,nguynvngHaBnhcaPht
gioVitNamchnmtrongbingiiminNamvclichodntcVitNammthi.KhngnithaicngbitnhhngchnhtrcaGiohong
490/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
gioVitNamchnmtrongbingiiminNamvclichodntcVitNammthi.KhngnithaicngbitnhhngchnhtrcaGiohong
trntrngqucttolnnhthno,nhhnggipchoCngSnHNigiiphngcminNam(vicmtisnirmtchng
sau).TronglcthchtrngHaBnh,Trunglp,HagiicaThngtaTrQuangltrnhsthntnhminNamcaCngSnHNi
nhnglikhngtocmtnhhngnoivingiMvchnhphThiuK.
NhngdsngkinHaBnhdobtkaiarathcucvnnganHaBnhkhngphiddngvttnhincnihirtnhiuthigian
vtriquanhiuththch,lalcgiaccphelmchin.HungchichintranhVitNamlthchintranhynhimmbnochintranhthts
nmtiMoscowvWashington.
RingiviThngtaTrQuangthdchintranhhayHaBnh,trchtminNamVitNamphiclnhobinhngnhlnhodo
nhndnlachntrongtdovdnch.Quannimcanglchnhphphidonhndnhontontdobulntrongmtthchthtsdn
ch,vcnhvyminNammicuytnvthclcnichuynChinTranhhayHaBnh.ngnirchocckgiquctbitlng
cngkhngchnglihaitngThiuKngcchcTngthng.ngchihibtctnglnhnomunlmchnhtr,munvochnhquynth
phicionhbinhtrcvphiquamtcucbuchontontdo,nghimchnh.
nglicunccaPhtgiovcaThngtaTrQuangrtminhbch,chtrngchinlccangthtlsngsut,ticthaycucu
tranhchodnchcangnm1966bthtbimnguynnhntrchtlvtnhhnhnibcaphongtroutranh:
Tchchp.
Tinhthnqukhch,chichngha,ucphiulucanhmtranhutrong"HingNhnDnCuQuc"vsinhvinHu.
HuquxotrntronggiaionMtcnmnhtinhthnnhndnvquni,doansthiuthincmvsnghcanhndni
vicucutranh1966caPhtgio.
TimlcutranhchthuhptrongthnhphNngvHu,lmchocuctncngcaqunchnhphcthchinddng.
Tnhhnhchintranhsing,cucbcaquniMvoVitNam,quyttmnghcctngThiuKvquyttmleothangchintranh
caTngthngJohnsongytmllcquanchoccngphivccphntchngCng.T,hnghingphongtroutranhcaThngta
TrQuanglphongtrotaysaicaCngSn.
SxmnhpdnhincaccphntthnCngvohngngutranhhuchiar,lyginphequcgia,phhoiphongtroutranhgy
phnhathmchoqunchng.
NhlitrongchnnmcaitrcanhNg,hnninoht,dnchngminTrung,cbitlPhttvccngvinVitQucviVitlchng
nhn,nnnhn,itngaukhnhcnhnhtcachnhschtncvcalnhchaNgnhCn,catponhungthntrongcquan
cnganmtv,trongbanCngTccBitminTrung,trongtriChnHmlchngnhn,nnnhn,itngaukhnhcnhnhtcannk
thtngiohimcvtrngtrncangNgnhThc,PhmNgcChivnhmCngGioCnLaolchngnhn,nnnhn,itngaukh
nhcnhnhtcannbcltvvt,thamnhng,nnhimiquynthcahaihaingThc,Cn,vbhtaysai.Chnnmsngdich
Dim,thnphnngidnminTrungchngkhcnobnly,rcrm,sub:
491/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trongnmmkbotnucbit
Baothnngichuircditanhhi
Vnghehnkhckmikhngthi...
CuthcaciHuyn,nsinhtrngngKhnhHu,chmilttmtphnnokipsng"angcTrngian"canhngngidnthpc
bmingniquhngvnmangthiuo,maHthiucm.
Nhlinhththyrngcngbpbckhngbgaygtthcngcmthvphnngquytlit.Nhngkhngphivthmnhngngitrong
HingNhnDnCuQuc,gmiastrthcmangdanhcchmng,cuquclicthmanhnglmhngchtrngcaopcamnh
vPhtgio.
NhngyuttrnylmchoThngtaTrQuangkhnglmchctnhhnhvkhngkimsotnihotngcacnb,cacngs
vinmmtscsnhuchnhtrringt.
Thmvo,chtrngtrithkhngnngtaycucutranhPhtgiocanhmtnglnhcmquynvisgipcangiMvmts
phntngphiphnng,acucutranhnthtbi,tlithahotngcaThngtaTrQuangtrongnimticthngvuthn
caPhtgioVitNam,cbitlcakhiPhttngominTrung.
Nhngthigianlvthncngl,thigianlttrnnhngbnnhngbmtphnbi,btnhnphiidinvinhsngcasthtmti
munarayvidkinchngminh:
NhnbuinichuynvNgyQunLc19/6/1988ctchctiOrlando(Florida),ngNguynCaoKthnhnbra20triubcchoNguyn
Lng, mt cn b Vit Quc min Trung y t chc nhng v nh ph Pht gio (tp ch nh Sng Dn Tc, Fresno California, s 30, ngy
15/9/1988).TinumKcnhiunth!ngKhcschlccangNgnhNhudngthonngmnhphPhtgiotohoang
mangchongbo,nhngkdtin,hiulmhnhngychnhnghacaPhtgio.
Vmtquns,nhmNguynCaoKmthtlngtrikhiiphvingboPhttnhvikthCngSn.Hyconhik"NhngS
Tht au Lng" ca Phng Hng thy hnh ng tn bo ca nhm qun phit ch bit v danh li m bt cn xng mu ca nhn dn. Nhn
chngPhngHngvitrng:
"CucchinctnhcgiaqunnhnPhttvqunnhnpheThiuKxyrakhclittiThnhphNngtchiungy16thng6.ngK
araNngnhiuTiuonNhyDvThyQunLcChingmnhngqunnhnCnggionpqunnhnPhtttheoVinHa
onQuang,thngdnblcnvchinsibnbthngvchtvsk...
"Mttunsau,tngNguynHuC,TngyvinChintranh,rathmvylo"nnnhncamythy"(danhtngnikhixungmybay
Nng).Mamaithay,sauylmuithoinhmtinghecrixtxatronglngchominngynay.
nmtgingbnh,ngChimtTrungsBitngQunangbbngmt:
EmbthngtichaTnhHido"ntcha"bnraphikhng?
492/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
EmbthngtichaTnhHido"ntcha"bnraphikhng?
Dkhng,tibthngtiThchTr
ngCchaumymthirihi:
ThchTru?
QungNgi.Ticngh29ngytikhmchalnhvtthngchnbgythnaylibthngudoncaThyQunLcChinbn
vochalcsangnhti.
CphionitheongCuimlng,kcngC.Ringtivnbnkhonthilchcbiththnvilngtmhaykhng?Bathng
sauxutvin,ngTrungsLinbthuynchuyniKheSanh.
Chaoi!nglmTngtrngQucPhngmkhngrath,khngbitThchTru.Likhihingita,nglunlunchquanhngdn
cuhi"ttrongbnra"nghaldoquncamyThy,myThngTaqukhch(licangC)bnttrongCha.ngucbitrngqun
nhnPhttlcnbinhbtngticcchavrtluitnmcrangoivkhngmungymuvingivhbittrongmD,
ThyQunLcChincngcnchtmum.ngucbit"qunngoi"bnvochalmhhivthngvongrtnhiuvhc
ngKhaschotinthngkhidpxong"lonPhtgiominTrung"(danhtbochhi).
PhngHng,tcgionHiktrny(tpchHnVit,XunKT,1989),lngTThcPh,cuTrungtBcsQunYtibnhvinDuyTn
(Nng),nhnchngbngxngbngthtcabinc"nidaxotht"donhmKThiugyra,khngphilngicanQuang,nnbik
trnychcchnlvt,khngphephi.BinycnggintipbcblunluniuxuyntccalinhmcCaoVnLuntronghikBnGing
LchS,khingctnhvukhngPhttcaThngtaTrQuangphhoicclngCnggioNng.LinhmcCaoVnLunvitrng:
...NhmngTmChuthnghchnhphQucgiatrongkhinhmngTrQuangthhontonchngchnhphQucgiavnhtlchngM...
TngNguynChnhThithhontontheoThngTaTrQuang.ChonnvothikngNguynCaoKgichcThtngthHu,tng
NguynChnhThigyrachuynccPhttvophcclngCnggioNnglnhnglngcadndicCnggiotNghAnvHTnh
vo.hailngThanhBvcLi,nhmPhtgiovotphmtngNguynChnhThicnhmmtlmng.TngNguynCaoK
phiemqunradpynvvcchchctngNguynChnhThi.TngThilabVitNamvsangMtmtr.("BnGingLchS,VitNam
19401975",CaoVnLun,1983,California,tr.331).
NhngdkinngLunvittrnynmtrongcmtchindchxuyntcvcccakhiCnggiotihingoi,vbphnbcnhiuln
trnboch,kctrncun"LtMtNNhngConThLChnhTr"catcgiLTrngVn:
TcgihCaovitthmonvnktrnkhngngvithiimxyrasvic.VvTamHa,ThanhB,cLiNngxyravonm
1964,lcngKchalmThtngvlcngThimiclnChuntngmyngyvanglTlnhSon1tiHu,nnngThi
khngctrchnhimgNngc.Giaion,NngthucquynngThtrngitLQuangMvngTlnhQunonlThiu
tngTnThtXng.LmsaomtcgihCaolicthoanquyttngThiHumcthgyrachuynccPhttvophhoicclng
CnggioNngvtngThilmng.TngNguynCaoKlnlmThtngvongy14/6/1965("VicTngNgy",onThm,tr.86).
TcgiCaoVnLunvitlchsmchcmtsviclnlntibathiimkhcnhau.VitnhvytcgihCaochvimcchvuoangi
493/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TcgiCaoVnLunvitlchsmchcmtsviclnlntibathiimkhcnhau.VitnhvytcgihCaochvimcchvuoangi
ha cho ngi v ly lng nhng k hoi Ng hi ngoi ny thi. ("Lt Mt N Nhng ConTh L ChnhTr", LTrng Vn, Hoa K, nm 1991,
tr.292293).
NhngiuchuaxtchoPhtgioVitNamhnctrongvutranhminTrung1966lvicHathngTmChuanglVinTrngVinHa
omlinghchnhphNguynCaoK.nghontoningclivinglichngqunphitvidnchcaikhiPhtgiogm
cccnhsBc,Trung,Nam(vinhngnhsBctntuinhThchcNhun,ThchQung,...).Mtlnna,thigianlichotabitmtb
nlchskhc,lvicHathngTmChunghNguynCaoKvclinhquahnnhn.("VitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh",Chnho
VNgChiu,Houston,1993,tr.499).
ChuaxthnnachohngngPhttlsaukhiminNamrivotayCngSndochnhnhmqunphitThiu,K,Vin,Khimgyra,ngl
lmthnluvongbitx,HathngTmChunnnnmsmhithnglivitthngtrntboVnNghTinPhong,tbochuynnh
phGioHiPhtGioVitNamThngNht,gnchovicembnthPhtxungngtrongcucutranh1966lhnh"hnhngbtli
chochnhnghaqucgia"(VnNghTinPhong,s289,ngy1/2/1989).
Lun iu "chng n Quang, bnh Nguyn Cao K" ca Ha thng gip ng cu Thng Ngh s Nguyn Vn Chc, nhn vt coi Pht gio,
ThngtaTrQuangvphongtroCnVng,VnThnnhkth(xem"VitNamChnhS"cangChc)ctiliungtagnchocuc
utranhPhtgionm1966bnglilxclo,cakhngtngtngnil"hnhnginghchtc,ivovivlun,mchbn
CngSnvthnvtaysaimidmlm.V"h"dmlm".("VitNamChnhS",tr.17).CngnhngChcdavoluniuxuyntcca
kgingoiqucthnnhNgginhngvtthiudnhquynsngchoPhtgiol"Mtttthiu,cnggilmtbantuynmtthiu
cthnhlp,tuynmngvintthiu.Nhngngvinnybtuyntruyn,blabp,btyno,bnhisribxvola".("VitNamChnh
S",tr.136).
Vitnhth,ngChckhnghiubitghtvvnngdnch,licngkhnghiugvoPhtc.TrilnhPhttcnmangtngPhtra
tsim,Phttcthni"gpPhtgitPht,gpTgitT"thsgcibnthbngg,cilhngbngkimloimkhngemrachn
lixequnphitcti.TimunhithmngChcvictnCnggioVitNamtiSanJoseemthnhgixungng,ckhicnnhylnb
ChalahttrongvutranhchngGimmcDumainemnhiukhicnhstMphiemiqunkhuynniphclhnhngi
nghchtc,ivo,ivlun,...haykhng?
Tuynhin,tronglcngcuLutsNguynVnChcgaygtlnncucutranhcaPhtgionm1966thculutsVVnQuan,vluts
tngbinhnhiuvnchnhtrnitingnhvnChtchsinhvinHuNguynHuGiao,vnBcsNguynVnMn(vminTrung1966)
liccinhnvvutranhcaPhtgiovThngTaTrQuanghontontringcvicinhncangcuLutsChc.MtbitrongHi
K"Luts:NghhayNghip"calutsQuanngtrntpchNgyNayctitrchvghilitrongphnPhLctpschny,nhmttiliu
lchscgithythichnhtrvphongthiksniconngiLutsQuan,hontonkhcbitvilptrngvtcchcaLuts
Chc,mttrthctnCnggio.
ngNguynVnChc,tkhiphichyrancngoikhngticlikchtnglnhtrnboch,cbitlhaitngThiuK,nhngkm
ThngtaTrQuang,nm1966,iphirtluikhichnhtrthitlpmtchdnchchominNam,cngbngChcchira.Vythti
saongChclignchoThngtaTrQuangchnhnginghchtc,ivo,ivlunvvukhngchoThngtalCngSn.
o0o
494/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
o0o
Vouthng6nm1966,cucutranhcaThngtaTrQuangcoinhbtcvthtbi,qunicachnhphkimsottnhhnhNng
vHu.Hngngnsinhvin,Phtt,cngchcvqunnhnbbt.ThngtaTrQuangb"mi"voSiGn.ngdnhtuytthcvthihn
nhngsau100ngy,cTngThngralnhphichmdt.ngtrvchanQuang,ttunkhngcmthotngchnhtrno.Chon
cuinm1974,unm1975,khiminNamthcsngtrnbvcthm,khiNguynVnThiubtlcchoHoaKgiiktkhiminNamqua
HipnhParis1973,khiquniVitNamCngHaccqunkhuI,II,IIIhontonbngbdntaichoCngSntnchim,Thngta
mixuthinlithnhlpLclngthbavichtrngHahpHagiiDntc.
TrlivicucutranhihidnchcaPhtgionm1966,tathymtiuchuaxtlqunphitkhngbltmcnccngcqua
victchcbucccccuLpphp,Hnhphp,Tphp,ccHinghngTnh,hngX...Ngy3thng9nm1967,haitngThiuKc
cTngthngvPhTngthng.
iutrtrultrckhicngcc,haitngThiuvKtranhchpnhauquytlitginhnhaulmngcvinTngthng.Cuctranhchp
tnggyramunukhngcHoaKvtnglnhcanthipdnxp.iukinchoNguynCaoKngthahipviThiulmt
cngsvincaKphilmThtng(ngNguynVnLc)tronglcThiunmtrnquynlnhoqucgiavTngTlnhQuni.Khnni,
chcThtngchlchcvbpbnhvdoTngthngchnhchonnchmythngsau,ThtngNguynVnLcbgiinhimvKchng
cnquynlcgnangoichcPhTngthng"ngichixinc"chonhtnhimkribThiuyrakhichnhquynvnhvin.Ngaytkhi
ThtngLcmtchc,KbitThiulamnhnntKmrathhntmcchchngphThiu.NhngngThiucastngtrv
tonkhiCnggionghnnnhhnhngchngphcangKchcnlhnhngtuytvngkhngmangliktqunoc.
Vcucbucnm1967,khngcnphilnhtintricngbitclindanhThiuKnhtnhphithng.Hthngvi35%tngsphiuc
triibuvttnhinsctrichlctriquni,cngan,nhndntvvkhiCnggiomthi,bivPhtgiothtychaybuc,cn
ccthnhphnqucgiakhcthdnphiuchoccnhnvtdnstntui,cbitlccngPhanKhcSu,TrnVnHng,Trngnh
Du,HThcK...
nnhimkthnhnm1971,lcucnchailindanhTngthngcaDngVnMinhvNguynCaoKtranhc,nhnggnphtchthai
lindanhnybitThiustchcbucgianlnnnrtlui.Thiuphibytrcdinlmtrcichoquct,lmmtnimtincachnhgiiv
nhndnHoaK,tngthmchnhnghachoccphongtrophnchinvyVitNamCngHavothclpsuyyu.
CngcnphinithmrngtkhingKbpccucutranhcaPhtgio,ngqunnhnglituynbhahncchmngc.ngK
viphenhmvchrutlbNguynThLthchinviclmgiuringtquacchnhngthamnhng,bunlu,himiquynth,vcbit
lbunthucphinlu.SauKnNguynVnThiu,TrnThinKhim,ngVnQuang,CaoVnVin,vnhiutnglnhkhcna,ttc
lmchottrngthamnhngvbunthucphinlumangmtkchthcvibaotrmcnc,ccDnbiuCnggioCnLaotaychncang
Thiucnglidngccvxutngoibunluvng,thucphin,la.Trongminmtricmquyn,nhmqunphitvnhmCnggioCn
LaotaychncangThiutheovtchnccaanhemnhhNgphntqucgiavcmimt:uytn,kinht,chnhtr,quns,ngoigiao.Suy
spcacplnhoVitNamlmttrongnhngldochnhlmchoHoaKthayichnhschdnxpbttayviHNi,hugiikt
khivngbnVitNam.Nm1974,1975ccphongtrochngichintranh,chngichnhquynnilntronglclclnghaitriutnCao
igithtrunglpgiaVitNamCngHavMtTrnDnTcGiiPhngMinNam.
TngktmtshnhnhentitrnythycucutranhihidnchcaThngtoTrQuangchngcti,chngqunphit,chng
495/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngktmtshnhnhentitrnythycucutranhihidnchcaThngtoTrQuangchngcti,chngqunphit,chng
sphchicaCnggioCnLaolhpl,lchnhngha.CnhnvovicThiuKtranhchpphhoinhau,cnhnvoviccctngttrut
phlnnhau,cnhnvonnthamnhngkhngkhipcaThiuKvcctnglnh,cnhnvovicchqunphitkhngchngniCng
Sn,cnhnvovictondnchngiNguynVnThiuvihingThiutchc,cnghelituynbcangThiu"khinoMkhngvin
trnathtistchc",cnhnvotcchcaThiu,Khim,Vinbquni,bnhndnraikhibinhsvncntiptcchinu(1975),c
nhnvoviciasngiCnggionghNguynVnThiu,cnhnvocihipcbnnc1973,thtathychnhnghautranhca
ThngtaTrQuangnm1966sngrcnhmttri.TicnnhclilituynbcaThngtathi:"HCnLaoCngGiomcmquyn
lemchnhnghalichoCngSn,hqunphitmcmquynllmtaysaichongoibang".
Tuynhin,iuchuaxtltronglcThngtaTrQuangnmvngchnhlcvchinlc,nhntnglaitncbngcpmtscbnthPht
giolibcvothiMtPhpsaugiaionhuyhong1963.
Nm1966,ThngtaTrQuangvochatun.PhongtroutranhbdptanlduhiusuynhchontoncaGioHiPhtGioVitNam
ThngNht.SchiarthnhhaipheVitNamQucTvnQuangcnglmchohngngPhtthoangmanggiaong,lmchoqucdnmt
nimtinvolclngdntcngonhtcaminNamVitNam.Thri,trongnhimkIcannNhCngHa,Phtgio"nQuang"ty
chayttccccucbuc.Nucuctychaylsailmchinthuttrongcuctrngktranhu,trongmttnccnctingniilp
capheas,thtrilithitychayvndnhchoPhtgiociuytnlvnkincngvilptrng"bthptc"vichqunphit.Ngoi
ra,nu"tychay"sasai,cngclinib,onnghalilclngPhttlmthngvngchcchoPhtgiotrongnhngcucu
tranhchnhtrtnglai,thcuctychaymithtscngha.Ticthay,saunhimkcaMtcaccccuThng,Hvin,HingTnh,X,
nnhimkHai,mtsnhsliiungnhng"conbi"camnhthamdvochnhtrngminhnhllindanhHoaSendongVVn
Mucmu.nythPhtgionQuangthmnhnganghngviccngphi,cconthnh,tranhdnhqunchngviccng
phiginhgitccchcvdnc(cbitvihaingiVitvVitQuctiminTrung).Do,thibthptcchnhtrvichThiu
Ktrckiakhngcnnghacaopbanunamchcncsuydinnhmtthiginlyvtrchnhimkhnghnkhngkm.
S"thamchnh"ny,numunginlthamchnh,toratinhthnhhachonhiunhs,nhiucs,nhiuPhtt.Nhiunhscnnng
lngtrntbinthnhlnhtchnhtr,nhiuPhttdanhlichytheochnhquyn,nhiucsmanhngtbinthnhPhtttrhng,
Phttchi,nhiuchachinbinthnhtrschnhtrnibanphtnhu,nimuabndanhli...LchsPhtgiogpnhiuthikMt
Php,nhngchabaogimtphpv"xitht"nhthiMtphpt19701971tri,lmxtxachohngtriuPhttthunthnh,trungkinmli
thantrchcangVVnisauymtyniaulngnhcnhcanhngngiPhttchnchnh.
Trong"LthnggingiPhttVitNam",ngVVni,mthcgiquenthuccaqunchngPhtgio,tnglbintpvinNguytsan
LinHoa(cquanngnluncagiohiTnggitiHu)vltcgicacunschniting"NguynTriSinhthcvHnhng",chnhim
nguytsanQuMtiPhp,thngthnlnnthnhphnPhttnitrnmtixintrchliyvionngnlmdnchng:
"Tchnhbin1963tri,haihngPhttmixuthintronghngngPhtgiocachngta.Mtphnntgiitrthctnhngnhnthynh
phaocu,nhmtltngcunguy,hnngmnhcngtc.Trongsny,nhiungitrautvchthnh,nhngmtphnkhctra
nngnivmanhng.ivih,chchotng,huqu,ktqutcth:hbtchpthcticngnhngiukintosvichaytmlthc
cnhkhcviiuhsuytng,thnhnghvnchagicng,trmchmmitrongmnhng.Thccnhchaynhnggiandi,trotr,hm
ngm.idinvimtthccnhtoqutmvccashiubitcah,hgiaong,hnhytninysangnikhc,thiucnbntuhc,khng
cvtrangtinhthn,khngcthcchngtrongisnghngnht,hhthongemnhngshcnngcn,phiPhtgio,mxhic
timchchvohrahnhhot.Ssangthtbicahkotheoskhnncatchchthamgia.HngPhttnvimthuchnhtr.
nghngHabnhvHagiicaoPhtbnhngPhtthotu,chivuliphphchkhngt.ChnhhngPhttngytrang
496/611
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nghngHabnhvHagiicaoPhtbnhngPhtthotu,chivuliphphchkhngt.ChnhhngPhttngytrang
nybaovymtsccvtngs.ChnglidngtmlngvthakhnggiituyncacctngslyginnibPhtgio,ngthihngcc
Thyvnhngmctiuthithng.Cvthchngemsgiusang,caci,sungtcrabavy,cvthchngnultngdntc,dnch,ha
bnh,yunc,...lmbnpyccvtngsvoquocachng.
BnchtoPhtkhngchngkchai,khngchngkchchnghanocvoPhtcconngcaoPhtnhngkhngvthmoPht
bcvoconngaduagiaion.Ccvtngstuytmchngdntmlinhnhngkhngkinhnghimvicivithithngxotr,gio
hotnnhnmtlnngoinhnthnhcngtrongchchlygincachng.Skingyrathithiln:mtlqunchngmttintng,qu
vtngsbthatdlunhoangmang.Qunchngvnchigiilnhotngs,mtlclngtmlinhnhnggkhchnlstranh
chpngphihonhhnhchnhtrngt30nmnay.Hailvsbaovytrn,ccvtngsbrinhngPhttnngct,trungkin.
BitbaongiPhtttrungkinmthmnhncnhnhngconridintrtrnkhungcnhcachavinvticnuithicbbrinhnctun
quaktay.BitbaongiPhtttrungkinchcnbitmthmnhnPhtmngmngihaynhncnhbnhotu"Thy,Thy,Con,Con"trong
vigilbintmtmtsquThylayng.
DlunnhnthytrnphngcnhtngschngtngsnhngkthchutrngvtbnchttngphnkhiPhtthotuchngnhau,tng
phnkhichnhtrchngnhau,tngphnkhithlitranhnhau...ChngtrhnglngonPhtgio,chngphntchcthnhtngkhuchin
lc,chngthcchngtasvnhau,khinchngta"qunmt"yutcuqunsanhcamnh"16.
Thtra,trcngVVni,nm1973,nghal10nmsaucuccchmng111963,ticngcmtlthtngtgiringchoHaThng
TrTh,bygilVintrngVinHao,vThngtaThchcNhun,TngthkVinTngthngvimcchnhblgiitaminc
camnhtrcthicuc,mtthicucmnglPhtgiongcvaitrchotrongcngcuccunctsaubinc1963,mtbinc
mticnhiucnglaonggpchmdtcchkmkpcaNgtriu.
nh rng ti khng phi l mt Pht t quy y, ti cng t chi khng chu ng vo lin danh Hoa Sen m cc ng Ngh sTrn QuangThun v
NguynDuyTiubitr(haingnyhinsngngoiquc).Ticngkhngthamdvocccucutranht1964n1966caPhtgiov
cngbitrngsaumichctinhtlthctigianhtr,CnggiotrcanhNg,thkhongtrngchnhtrchoqucgiaphixyra,xo
trnxhiphixyra,nhngvitinhthn"thtphuhutrch"vlngisngmoPht,tivitlthginccbcchntulchniln
miutcamnhtrcthicuc,trccnMtPhpcaoPht,mtnnomtingngmcungknh,mtnnomtithovitritl
caothmhnttccctritlkhccanhnloi,mtnnoccnglaosnghiptolntrongviccuncdngnc,mtnnot
imvngsoncholchsdntcncnh,mtnnomchamtlnrcvoivdymt,msutdnglchsncnhchamtlnlmtay
saichongoibang.
KhngngThngtaThchcNhunclcmthngviniloucati,giaolthMinmVtvcaPhttVitNamchoccanhL
iNguynvHThRuyt(HThRuythinhingoi)ngtilnmtboSngThn.DoHaThngTrThcngcngkhaitrliti
trn mt bo y vi li l ha i ca mt bc cao tng. Ngi cng nhn Pht gio ang tri qua mt cn Mt Php m theo Ngi cn Mt Php y
khngphichdoCngSn,dokngoinhnngoiogynn,mcndonhngconnitrngtrongthnthstlmaunchnhconsty.
Trivithintmthincabcchntu,tnhtboCngLundongMinhTm(tcLTuyn,ngitnglmtcplnhotrong"Hing
NhnDnCuQuc")lmchbinlintiptrong10ngykchtithmt,emittiramphphnmcdhchbitittirtm
m...HhiticcngnghipgchoPhtgio,choGiohimgimchbaiPhtt,trthc,vdmtrchmcccThy.
497/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
LiNguynvHThRuytnghtitrlinhngtitchivldogindltronglctinichuynisqucgia,bnvthngtrmca
PhtgiothnhmCngLunlinivitcati.Haithi,haicungcchxstnlmtsgiithchri,hungchinutrlithti
buclngphiphibyitcangLTuynra,kcnhnglikhaicangtrongnhaAnNinhQunithiThiutngVcNhun,m
cngsvincatichotimtxphsy.(ngLTuynbbtsaubinc1966).
VitlicuchuyntrnytikhngckhilichttrotnmchghilichtknimbtcchonhngnhnnhcangVVnitronglth
ngytmhuytcanggichohngPhttnhnitrnkia.Linangynay,khicngsngkipluvongnitkhchqungithk
trthcnhngLTuynhayngivbinnhtiuauxtunhcnhnhnhau,uticnuichoPhtgiobrimtchi,mtchi
mPhtgiocthcuvnminNamkhirivotayCngSn.
Nuticmunnithninnhngtrthc,nhngcybtscbncatLpTrng,cquanngnluncanhmCuQuctiHuno.
Nhngbibonylacahthtsgyxcngchothanhninsinhvindnthnbocucutranhcchmng.Ticthay,hkhngcthc
chnhtr,khngnmvngtnhhnhthicuc,khngxydngnimttchcutranh,chonnhxuthinnhnhngchnghipsnhngkhi
rtvthhinnguynhnhthnhnhngnhosinhmttrngmthi.
ngbtaxaqulkhnngoankhidychngtarngchicokhnglmnithytu.Hotcnh30nmlylonchophptanithm"mnhbng
cpkhnglmnnngitrthc".Thtth,chicochngenchtochongNgnhThcthmtham,sn,sinhJeanLacouture,nhHilairedu
Berriermttrongtcphmcah.MnhbngcatrngChartreschgipngNgnhNhutrthnhmtchnhkhchxalngvinhngl
thuytmhrngtuch,v"chctilmtrmmtvtiuditngphi,tngioilp,dxtkimsotgtgaocngchcvqunnhn".
clptrthcnhvythngtrchtnglnhnhKhnh,Thiu,K,Khim,Quang,Vinkhinhthtrthcvnmlyquynhnhlnhoqucgia.
o0o
aunnhnlilchs,tikhngkhikhngcmphcThngtaTrQuang,mtnhsmangtmchtcaconngi"trckhilnhslmt
ngiVitNamtrc,mtngiVitNamchbityuthngquhng".Mtngikhngltngccthcmcnbcunhtvocn
lcchnhtrtrthnhconngithtch,vcuicngtrthnhmt"tnhn"caCngSnsaukhiltinhncaThcdnPhp,cach
Dim,chThiuK...th,saukhimtminNam,bochCnLaoCngGiotihingoicnxuyntc,vukhngngiu,cbit
trngtrnginglcnbCngSnnmvng(xem"TrongLngch"caTrnTrungQun).CucchintranhQucCng30nmlmtcuc
chinvcngphctpmvkhtitn,binhlchnghucaPhp,M,Vituphichuthtbitrcchtrngchvn,binhvn,trthcvn,
tngiovn...cakth.
NgaycdichDimcngnhchThiu,khngthiugnhngcnbnmvngngaytronghngngchnhquyn,quniphnt
hngngqucgianhchnhngCaoThDung,mttrthcCnggio,tthdilotbi"Nhngbihcxngmuvhaphnhachiar"
mtinhclitrongchng"TTrngThamNhng" 17.DichNhtvNhCngHa,vinhngcnbcaocpCngSnnh
PhmNgcTho,HongTrngB,TKimin,VNgcNh,HunhVnTrng,NguyninhHe,LHuThy,...nmtrongnobcquantnh
bodinhcLpvcLinhmcHongQunhtrngvng,cngNgnhNhu,ringNguynVnThiutrngdng,hontontincn,coi
nhanhemruttht,...nhtrnghpVNgcNh,mtginipkhttingHNigivohotngtiminNam...thtngiovngphilm
498/611
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nhanhemruttht,...nhtrnghpVNgcNh,mtginipkhttingHNigivohotngtiminNam...thtngiovngphilm
saolikhngccnbCngSnltvo.
PhmNgcTholmttrnghprrngnht:TholmtsquantnhbocaocpcaHNi
"...dosngcaCcTrungngTnhBoHNi,ThontrnhbyvichaThclThockhnngbnhnhtnhBnTre.ChaThclin
nghlnTngthngDimthngThiutvbnhimTholmTnhtrngtnhBnTrekimTiukhutrngTiukhuBnTre...Vthnsinh
TngthngDimmtsm,ngianhcNgnhKhicngvy,nnchcnChaThcccoilquynhuynhthph.Hnnaylmtgia
nhngoano,nnmingiucoiChaThclbtrn.Vvy,khiThocchaThctincybtthTngthngDimngnhinchp
thun,mcdukhiThoccgichcvtrnthNhaAnNinhQuni(khidoitMulmGimc)lmphiutrnhlnTng
thngvikinkhngchpthunvllchThortngnghing.("itPhmNgcTho,ipvinNituynCngSn",bivitcacuThiut
AnNinhQuniTrnNgcGiang,PhNDinn,s112,thng5/93).
NiranhvythytronghngngPhtgiocngkhngthtrnhkhinhngphntthnCnghaynhngcnbCngSnlenlivolng
onmThngtaTrQuangcngnhcccplnhokhckhngthbitc.
TronghngngutranhPhtgio,trchtcccngLKhcQuyn,chtchHingNhnDnCuQuclmtphntthnKhngchinm
nhiungiHubitr.NhngtkhingDimlncmquynthbcsLKhcQuynlicnhNgtrngdng,milmthythucringcho
thnmucaTngthng.ngQuynravodinhPhCamhngngynhravonhringcangta,licnhNgmidytivinihcHu
rictnhclnlmKhoatrngYKhoa.ngLVnHo,mttrthctnghotngchoHiLinHipVitKiucaCngSntiPhplicng
cLinhmcCaoVnLunvnhNgtrngdngchodytiihcHu,chochhuyvnkhvthvincanhtrng.ThlchnhnhNg
hpthcha"tcchqucgia"cah.ChnhnhNgchohciuythviukinhcthnmlylclngsinhvin.ChnhnhNg
chpcnhchohbay,tonanhvutchohcnphthcntrchai,xuyntcai.NgoihainhnvttrnycncanhemHongPhNgc
Tng,HongPhNgcPhan,nhngsinhvinthnCngtTalnhsHoaK,vicmThngtaTrQuangvcngtcgin.Rtnhiusinh
vinvPhttHubitrthigindcaThngtaTrQuangkhingnghetincscaHoaKbtchymngchtnglviclmxun
ngcanhmsinhvinqukhch,bivgianhHongPhchabaogibcccquanCngan,Mtv,caccchnhquyniutra,ihi,bt
b,...Do,victncngvotrscaVitNamQucDnngtiHiAntrongbinc1966cngchcthldobntayliginphhoica
CngSnmThngtaTrQuangcngnhsinhvinPhttminTrungkhngtinobitc.
TrongvbinngminTrungnm1966,ccAnninhQunitrctipiutravniv,mctiucacquaniutralcpthitmgitonth
nhngnhnvtunoutranhnhThngTaTrQuang,ThinMinhvmtsThngTakhc...
Cuciutrakoditrnnmthng,xuynquabagiaion:
a.SutravnkhSCngAnTrungkcaPhpli,hstiTngNhaCnhStQucGia,hstiCcANQvcnhncaThngTaTr
Quangvmtsnhnvtkhc.
b.Thuthptptrungttctintccaccnguntincgitrcao,kcnhngtintccaginipnhtrnghotngchoctavch.
c.Thmvn,ichttrctipccnghican.
KtqucuciutrasurngvthtvtchothykhngcmtbngchngnokhdphthinThngTaTrQuangvmtsThngTa
khcchotngchoCngSnhoclcnbCngSn.("ThngTaThchTrQuang,QucGiahayCngSn?",bivitcacuThiutCc
499/611
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khcchotngchoCngSnhoclcnbCngSn.("ThngTaThchTrQuang,QucGiahayCngSn?",bivitcacuThiutCc
AnNinhQuniTrnNgcGiang,tpchPhNDinns112,thng5/93).
Ngoira,khibochCngGioCnLaotihingoi(sau1975)xuyntcThngtaTrQuanglCngSn,hlictnhimlngkhngktti
NguynVnThiu(chDimkhngDim)khngdtkhottrithnhmbNgBThnh,nhmnisHunhLin,nhmcclinhmcphn
chinNguynNgcLan,ChnTn,PhanKhcT...honhhnhngaytithSiGn,lmlichoCngSn.XinlurngnhmnisHunhLin
tiVitNamcngnhnhmnisMnLavnhsThchThinChutiPhpkhngthucvohthnglnhocaGioHiPhtGioThng
Nht.
Khngcnphilngicthcchnhtrcao,khngcnphilnhtnhboiticngbitcrngPhtgioVitNamltngiokhngchp
nhnCngsn,khcvikiuchngCngcaCngGioCnLao,caMarcos,caSomoza,...
LmsaophongtrotranhucaPhtgiotiHucngnhtiSiGncthlCngSnckhimtrongHingNhnDnCuQuc,khi
mtronggiilnhtsinhvinulnhngphntchngCngnhTnThtHanh,MaiVnL,HongVnGiu,LTuyn,VnhL,VnhKha,
Phan Quang Tu, Nguyn ng Giao, Vnh H, Bch Hoa Mai, V Vn Khit, L Hu Bi,... v ti Si Gn nh Tn Tht Tu, Nguyn Hu Don,
NguynTrngNho,...Sauny,khiminNamrivotayCngSn,kthphicptctrnrancngoi,kthbnhtvotricito,cngisau
minmluymvnchacthv.GnchoThngtaTrQungcngnhphongtroutranhPhtgiolCngSnchngnhngl
hnhng"ngmmuphunngi"mcnlviclmhnhchngtriuPhttVitNamvnbitrlptrngdntccaThngta,bitrtr
cucsngvngincbccaThngta.XuyntccucutranhcaThngtaTrQuanglCngSncnlviclmbinhlchs
dntcvsnghipcunc,dngnccaPhtgio.
LiborngvPhtgioutranhlmxotrnxhillmlichoCngSn,vytisaokhnghivai,vumPhtgiovsinhvinphixung
ng,phixngrimu.NhmCngGioCnLaotrchPhttutranhmkhngnhn"cygmtinhthn"cathnhPhaoLbin
thnh"cygmnhummu".TrchhutranhckhcnotrchChaGiSuchunginhtrnthptgi,trchJeannedArcphibc
lnginhathiuchohoaThinChagiocbotn.VtiiNhLan,CnggiobchnhphAnhvdnTinLnhkthnp,caidmgn
choCnggioiNhLanlCngSnkhng?
TuynhinvncnhngnhnvttntuimanghuringtvitschxuyntcThngtaTrQuanglCngSn.Tsau1975,rancngoi,
davonhngcunsch,nhmCnLaoCngGiovitschvitboxuyntccucutranhcaPhtgiochngchnhNgldoCng
Sngitdy,haylcCngSnngtrongbngti.NhngklCuHongBoi,cuTngthngRichardNixon,ntinsEllenHammerv
nkgiMarguerittemtislnltphntchdiynhngsailmgianditrongcctcphmcah.
*ngBoivitrng:
Ngitanivnhngcuchysinhcatngs.Nhngvntngslmtvngito.Phnngcctngschnchnhtrvcha.Vy
thnhngkgyrilaivhtun?LmsaombitrnghkhngntHNihayBcKinh?HkhngnhcclinhmcbnCnggio
mngitacthtruytmgcgcvcclinhmccbitrvcdanhtnhghitrongsb.("LeDragondAnnam",Plon,tr.349,350).
onvntrnymunmchnhs"gyrintHNihayBcKinh"lThngtaTrQuang,nginitinglnhoccphongtrou
tranhcaPhtgiomtntuivanglngkhpthgii.onvnlshchngtngivitkhngnmvngthicucVitNam,cng
nhkhngnmvngcucivhnhhotcaThngta.VldnhinThngtaTrQuangkhng"ntHNihayBcKinh",triling
500/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhkhngnmvngcucivhnhhotcaThngta.VldnhinThngtaTrQuangkhng"ntHNihayBcKinh",triling
thngcmttiHu,timinTrungvdithiNhtCngHa,ngthngluitiviNgnhCn.Dsaothonvntrncnglthi
chngiPhtgioVitNamcaCuHongBoimtacntmranguynnhnnothcyngvitnhngiungtic.
Mi8tuiu,cubBoixalatQucquaTyduhc,licnuidngdydbivchngvinKhmshihutnlJeanCharles,
mttnthcdnniting.ThilmCngs,CharlesnhphPhongtroDuyTnQungNam.ThilmKhmsTrungk,yquytnhh
bvuaDuyTnvyhaichaconDuyTnrakhiVitNam.LinnnhrngKhinh(chaBoi)nhvyclnngisaukhiDuyTnb
iy.
Sut12nmtrisngtiPhp,nhncchvtduycachngthanhninBoibiukinhatrongcucsngvnminhvtchtTyphng
giamtqucgiangoanovinhngngigiong,nhngtachngvinnguyngalngly,gianhnglui,kintrc,knimhuyhong
canhngtriuivuachatonltnThinChagio.ngcngthnhnhngiamtxhimCha,C,BX,ThyDnglmtgiaitng
cthlckhinccngphichnhtrvcccchnhquynphikingn.ucngythlictmgilungytrongmtmitrngThin
Chagio,BoinhcyvocithchbithngvnimtinThinChagio.Chonnkhivnc,Boicilim,cilitruyn
thngnhNguyn,ciliHingHongtcchcnnghetheothcdnmcimtngintnoKiTlmv.
VThLancoKiT,gynhiutrngi.NgnhThccclcchngi,vtheongphpoKiT,Boiphi"rati"rimicthnh
hn.Sau,Phpdnxpchomtgiosngoiqucbmtlmlcitheophpo.Nhth,BoitrthnhvuaKiTgioutintronglch
sVitNam.("VitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh",ChnhoVNgChiu,sd,tr.3637).
CuchnnhndgioktthcmtcchmmnvGioHiLaMcthmmttnmi,lcbygivchngcuKhmsCharlesmiv
PhpnhBoikhoekhoangtrongcunHikcangta.(Lesoirdumarriage,nousinvitonsMr.etMmeCharlesdiner.Estimantleurmission
accomplie,ilsvontpartirpourlaFrance).iunymtlnnachngtthcdnPhpnhtnhbinBoithnhramttnCnggio.Vl
mt"mission"(cngtc)chnhtrmlhnphicaCnggiolmtcngcchnhtrmthi.
NhvuaBoithnhn,ngthnglinlcviKhmmngTathnhLaMmkhnghmtlnnotipxcviccnhsdmlmt
Phttthunthnh,dccvuachatintriuccngdngchacchung.VuachalKhinhcngcxydngmtngichangoithnh
luiticukinhgmnhngBoikhngbaogithmvingngichany.cchng"ConservateurdesRites"(Botnnghil)ttrang62n
trang68trongcun"LeDragondAnnam"tathyBoihontonxalaoPht.Cngvmccm,ngmnKhnggiobinhchot
cch tn Cng gio ca mnh. (A tel point quun moine catholique dorigine orientale a pu recemment affirm: "Je suis catholique parce que
confucen").NhngngBoikhnglacaivquannimvtrgiaKhnggiovThinChagiohontoninghch.Thngca
KhnggiolskthplinhkhcamDng,tronglcThngcaThinChalmtThnLinhtonnngngiutrnThinngv
quytnhsmngcamunloimunvt.(?!)
BygithtabittisaongBoikhngccmtnhviPhtgiovaranhnglilh,vcnc,vtrchnhimchtrchcucu
tranhcaPhtgiovshysinhcacctngs.VbygitacngcthhiuvsaokhimigichcQuctrngnm1949,visutin
cvuaBoiclisVitNambncnhTathnhVatican,cngnhvsaovuaBoingviPhTonQuynPhpchorai
ds10tPhtgionganghngvicchiphitrongkhiCnggiothkhngbrngbucbimtquychno.odnybPhtgiolnn
nnlmchoBoibunphinvcmgin.
LichorngtngsPhtgiokhngcsbnnkhngckimsotnghongnhcclinhmcbnCnggio,Boikhngbitgn
cngcucchnhng,phttrin,citincaPhtgiotnm1929,cbitltiminTrungtkhicTngHiPhtgio.Licngkhngbitrng
tronghngngCnggiocnhiulinhmc,gimmcdbitc"gcgcvctntrongsb"nhngvnhotngchoCngSnkhngbit
501/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tronghngngCnggiocnhiulinhmc,gimmcdbitc"gcgcvctntrongsb"nhngvnhotngchoCngSnkhngbit
rngGioHongPaulVIvnhiuHngy,Gimmc,LinhmcditriuicanglnhngtaysaiclccaNgaXvTrungcngnhcun
"TimesandLifeofFrancesCardinalSpellman"mt.Vitnhth,Boicngkhngbitrngvothiimny,tuycclinhmc,gimmc
ckimsotgtgaonhngslinhmc,gimmclyv,hipdm,thmlmtinbc,ddntnvongtili,chytheophongtro
"ngtnhluyni"mingymtnhiunniTathnhLaMcngvphngkimsot.
Tuynhin,vncnphictralcthtngBoivitcun"LeDragondAnnam"haykhng?Nhngbnctitlsaukhicun"Le
DragondAnnam"raimtnmchobitchnhmtcutnglnhPhpsonchongcunHikrivuaBoiachomtngikhcvit
li,toramtcuckintngvtcquyn.("VitNamNinBiuNhnVtCh",sd,tr.47vxemthmcun"Ltmtnnhngconthlchnhtr"
caLTrngVn,onvitvngNguynVnChc).
MtkhimHikBoidongiPhpvitthchuynthhniviPhtgiokhnglmsaotrnhkhi.NgiPhpqunsaocvicPhtgio
chngngDimanvicltchlmhngkhochthngnhthaiminNamBcclichoncPhpcaTngthngDeGaulle(xin
xemlichng"TngminhviMnthahipviCngSn").
*NhnvtthhaixuyntcPhtgiovThngtaTrQuanglcuTngthngRichardNixon.Trongcun"NoMoreVietnam",ngnhnnhrng
dithiNgnhDimkhngcchnhschnphockthPhtgio!
Cunschny,cngnhlunim,sctiphntchvtrlirtrotrongphnKtLun(chng20)vchrtmthcvgianhim
catcgi.y,tichmuntrnhbyconngiNixonmtntuiblchsvdntcMnghavisgiandixoquyt.
Cng gian tr v v s nh Marguerite Higgins (xem tun bo Parade Magazine, ngy 28121986) chuyn xuyn tc lch s bnh vc nh Ng,
RichardNixonlloichnhkhchxoquytmnghsCngHaBarryGoldwater,tiubangArizonatco:
"itichahgpmtnginohtscgiantrnhngta.TngthngNixonditrviv,vigianh,vibnb,vingnghiplunmti
QucHiM,vinhngngvincachnhngngta,vinhndnHoaK,vvicthgii..."(Inhis1988autobiography,Goldwater,theformer
US senator from Arizona and 1964 Presidential candidate of the Republican Party writes of Richard Nixon as follows: "He was the most dishonest
individualIevermetinmylife.PresidentNixonliedtohiswife,hisfamily,hisfriends,longtimecolleaguesintheUSCongress,lifetimemembersofhis
ownpoliticalparty,theAmericanpeopleandtheworld...)(trchtunboParadeMagazinengy3091990).
Mingiubit"VnWatergate"lmchoNixonvsQucHibinhimnntchcTngthng.Miy,ngy12thng6nm1992,
ngitalikhmphthmvgiandikhccaNixontrongthitranhcviTngthngviThngNghsGeorgeMcGovern.
Trongs49vnguynthqucgiacaHoaK,NixonclitvohngTngthngtitnhtncM,chhncTngthngWarrenHarding.
(FresnoBee,ngy11thngGingnm1992).
TicnnhiutiliukhcnanivsmantrcaNixon,cbitlvNixonphnbingminhVitNamCngHavTrungHoaDnQuc(i
Loan)bttayviTrungCngvnngTrungCnglnhngNgcngcquynphquyttiLinHipQucquytnhvnmngthgii.
TrungCnganglvslihachoVitNamdoticaNixon,nhngvcun"NoMoreVietnam"caNixonbnhvcNgnhDimvnhph
PhtgioVitNamnngiiCngGioCnLao,cbitlcuNghsNguynVnChc,trong"VitNamChnhS",davolilsailmca
NixonnhphThngtaTrQuang.Tronglc,giitrthcvbochMlikhngthachoNixoncitibpbm,xotr.
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Dimc"nhginngnvNixon"(RichardNixonsToughAssessment)kgiWilliamA.HenryIIcatpchTime(sthng4ngy15nm
1984)cnhngnhnxtkhngttpgvNixonvtcphmcang,msauylmtviimtiubiu:
nghcaNixonccangilhplnukhngmunnilco,nhngnhngthmnhvthnhqulnhocachnhngnhiukhiqu
rnglnghnlngstht.
NgitacthtnnhimtmhiubitcangvitcchmtcuTngthng,nhngschngkhngghidnxutxrrng.Chnghncgi
thilmsaongcthququytlTngthngNgnhDimcththngngHChMinhhaybtcithnokhcnutchccmt
cucbucthtstdotiVitNam.
SchngmangttnhchtlchshnlmtlikugiynhittnhchnglinhngkchtrngclpncMhaynhngkthinhunhn
ucngthybntaycaNgaX.
LunccaNixontcnbntrnmtxcquytkhchngminhlhunhttcthnhphncchmngNamVitNamulcnbBcVit.
ngbcbkinchorngcnhnglclngilpngkxutphttminNamvcmtcucnichinthts.Nhngmtvibngchngdo
chnhngdnrachngtiungcli:skinBcVitgiamgimtscukhngchinqunNamBchothynhngnginyccoinh
lnhngphntqucgianguyhim.
ngthanhnrngHipnhngngchin(1973)mvnchophphngvnlnhCngSncliminNam,ctivtrangschcchn
tothnhmtgnhnngQucphngchoNamVitNam,tvnmnhminNamstythucvovintrhnmttMkimminm(thigi
1975)mQuchikhctphchun.TrongkhithBcVittrngtrnviphmhipnh.ThnhraNixonnnvitrngHipnh1973a
nch"chngtangngvhtiptcbn".
K gi WiliamA. Henry phi than rng: "c xong, nhiu ngi mun qun Vit Nam nhng nhiu ngi mun qun lun ng Nixon" kt ti
Nixon,thmnhmCnLaoCngGio,cbitlngNguynVnChc,vntiptcxemNixonlmtnhnvtkhtncntrchdnvhchi.
*NhnvtthbabnhvcnhNgvkchThngTaTrQuangvtnglnhochnhngDimlntinsEllenHammer,tcgicun"A
DeathinNovember".
CunschnyctpchTiaSng,s26ngy15/4/1988tiHouston,phbnhbngcchvchtrnthithinkinbnhvcnhNgkhng
ngngngpquamtsimchnhsauy:
1.EllenHammerchntngquanVitMlmnntngchosphntch,vt,dindchquylicichtcangDimvosthtbicathi
gian hu Cch mng 1/11/1963 v cho M, vn Vit Nam khng n gin ngoi hng nh vy. Nu tc gi c mt ci nhn qun trit v ng
phnghnthsthycctlivnVitNamnhngmangnhiutnhnhnvnhnlnhngthonchnhtronk,linhnhiuhnn
vtrcangDimtronglngdntcVitNam.TsxcnhngDim(vgianhngta)phcvhysinhchodntchayphnbiri
bdntckhct.
2.Lmtngingoiquc,lichngiaionrirmnycaVitNamnghincu,hntcgiphinhnchncmcphctpvmu
thuncavn.Thnhngthayvchnmtthibnhtnhvmtcinhncngbngtithiucamtkngngoi,tcgilisdngtnht
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thuncavn.Thnhngthayvchnmtthibnhtnhvmtcinhncngbngtithiucamtkngngoi,tcgilisdngtnht
mangnhiuthnhkinngayttranggiithiu.HnthnaQuchuy"Tittrctmh"cangDimlisdngtrangtrbasch.yqul
mtiumuthunvicita"ADeathinNovember"hmkhchquancacutcngVitNam"ciquannhlun".
3.imquantrngnhtlmgimgitrcunschlvictcgiHammersdngrtnhiutiliuhaynguntiliuthucphephichDim
khiphphnvch,vdnhtboHaBnhcamtlinhmcthnnhNg,tschcatcgiMargueritteHiggins,ngidm"mi"b
Nhunnhring"dyd",vtcucphngvncaBtrngNguynnhThuntaychncanhNg.nhaicngcquynvbn
phnsdngmitiliu,nhngvntralcchdindchvsuyluncatcgivtiliuycansththaykhnghaylihatheos
mantr.VdinhnhchoiunylvictcgiHammertrchdnboHaBnhvnguntinchorngCIAntribomtiiphtthanh
Hulmchtngi,gintipthcyPhtgioutranhchngchnhNg.Cuiphntrch,tcgilithmcu"ngivitkhngthkim
chngcskinktrnlnghaykhngng".KhithmvocunykhngbittcgiHammerccnvthaykhnghaychtrnchy
trchnhim.
4.BHammerklivtthiucaHaThngQungcmtcchchnhxc:Hathnghontontnhtovchngttthnxc
mnh.Nhngticthay,sau,HammerlihatheoMargueritteHigginschorngdanht"nngtht"(barbecue)docongibNhunghect
ccnhbongoiqucvbNhuchlpliv.v...
Trnylbnvdrttiubiutrongnhiuvdkhcydytrong"ADeathinNovember".VitvmtcunschnhEllenHammervit,nhm
phntchnguynnhnvhuqucamtbinclchsncngimkhngchunhnsuvoqukhnhndinvphntchccmtxch
trongtonbvnhnhcalchsthyccnglcxavgn,cmthngvinhngphnngsuvrngcaqunchngthquthtlmt
thiustngtrchvngtic.TrongkhungcnhVitNamtrcthng11nm1963vibaonhiunhtvbaonhiunnnhncach,cl
"ADeathinNovember"nniral"ThedeathbeforeNovember".
BEllenHammerthngticchocichtcangDim,nhngnubccliphbnhcakginiting,cmtnhiunmtiVitNam,lk
giNeilSheehan(trong"TheBrightShiningLie"):"lnutintronglchschintranh,dnchngSiGntphthoanhbinhsVNCH"(saukhilt
ngDim)thchcbthnghiuhnvinithngkh,chtchctrinmincadnVitNamsutchnnmanhemngDimhnlcicht
thng11caanhemnhNg.
NhngtisaobHammerliticchocichtcaanhemngDim?TheotngTrnVnnthblbnthncagiosBuHi,nhnvtva
khmphcHChMinh,vathnPhp,valngigipnhNgtrongvnpPhtgiovtrongvnhNgmmubttaythahipvi
HNi.CichtcangDim,mmttrongnhngnguynnhnchnhlcucutranhcaPhtgio,chnngmmuthahiphaimin
NamBcvnlmctiuchnhtrcaCngSnvcaTngthngDeGaulle,nnbmivitschlnnPhtgiovtnglnhVitNamo
chnhnhNgvinhdanhngibnthnBuHicabta.
*NhnvtthtlnkgiMargueritteHigginsvicun"OurVietnamNightmare".ylcunschydynhnglilbnhvcnhNgmt
cchkhngngngngng.ngthicnglcunschlnncucutranhcaPhtgionm1963bngnhnglilxuyntc,ngyto,vu
khngtrngtrn.c"OurVietnamNightmare"ngitaccmtngMargueritteHigginslthnbcti"thngvaykhcmn",cti"mm
loampgii"canhngkkhngcnbitthnthngtrtrnlg.
Hy c cch t tiu mc nh "Madame Nhu: Dragon Lady or Joan dArc", nh "The war: Heads you win, Tails I lose?" nh "Plots and Plotters
VietnameseAmericanStyle"v.v...cngthytidngchhpdncaHigginsvkhnngitrngthayenccskinhayccbinclchs.
Cun"OurVietnamNightmare"chngchtnhngsailmnyngiantrkhcngayt"Liniu"(Prologue),nhngyticharavithd
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Cun"OurVietnamNightmare"chngchtnhngsailmnyngiantrkhcngayt"Liniu"(Prologue),nhngyticharavithd
tiubiulmdnchngtrckhitmhiuconngithtcaHigginsbittisaoschbtacthmhoccmtschnhkhch,tng
lnhHoaKnhtrnghpRichardNixon,EllenHammernitrnkia.
Trang6:Higginsvit:HChMinhcngnhNgnhDimusinhtrngtrongkcng,trongnnpcamtgianhquanli,thkcng
canhkhoabng,tritgia,nhcaitr,nhth.
KhngbitM.Higginsdavoumdmarassosnhhontonngcngonth.
ThnphngHChMinhmcichamtthi3tui,ngctinhthntlpnnlnlnccngschn,cCnhnriPhbng.Lm
trihuynmtthigianngn,ngribquantrngvlmnghthythucthn.TronglcthnphngDimnhltnCnggionn
ccccoPhpemihcPenang,khivnccPhpblmThngngnchoTaKhmsHuvsautheoNguynThncm
quntritphchinkhuPhannhPhng,omcPhanlnlythucsngtrnvithihibnichomtxc.MtbncNguynSinhSc(Huy),
changHChMinh,sikinhnustnchimbngvngriralmquannhnglichncnhquantrng.MtbncNgnhKhnhngi
ngoiqucmchchnhlmtaysaichothcdnxmlc.ThmMargueritteHigginslixphnghainhnvtkiaulnhkhoabng,
ultritgia,lnhcaitr,lnhth.
ningHChMinhthnglngixthnchocngcucchngxmlng,mtnhnvtanhhngtothithtronglcngNgnhDim
xutthnlmtthnhphnquanli,taysaicaPhpnhchnhbcthcaGimmcNgnhThcgichoTonquynDecoux(xemphnPh
Lc).ThmMargueritteHigginsdmsosnhhaingicngncthanggitr.
Trang15:M.Higginsvit:"HChMinh,NgnhDimusinhracngmttnh".DkinhontonsailmbivngHChMinhsinhqunti
NghAn,cnngNgnhDimququntiQungBnh,sinhtiHu,cchxanbntnhchkhng"cngmttnh".
Trang15:M.Higginstcuhi:"KhnglmtngicchnhnDouglasmt10nmtrclmtanhhng(sic)m10nmsaungi
bngnhintrthnhconquivt?"VitthHigginsqunrngtrongthinhkhngthiuk"lnvoixungch",khngthiukhmquacncnghu
khanhtngmhmnaybgynmy.HaiminmtrcThngchPetainlanhhngVerduncuncPhpthotkhigtgiyqunxmlng
c,20nmsaungtrthnhkphnquclmQuctrngbnhnchoquniQucx,bnhcuqucDeGaullektnchungthnluy.
SunmtrcNixonhailnccTngthngvvngvvang,sunmsautrthnhkgianlnphitchcTngthngkhibarata.
Trang31:M.Higginsvit:"TheonhngchcquyncaocpMthThchTrQuangchunluynlmlutsvnhthnglTrQuang
hnhnghlutstiminBcCngSn".KhngthyHigginsnutnchcquyncaocpMnognchoTrQuanglclmnghlutsv
hnhnghlutstiBcVit.TrilichnhquynMvbitTrQuangkhnghlCngSnnnhminghcucutranhcaPhtgiochng
nhNgdoTrQuangphtngvtaisMtiSiGnchoTrQuangtnn.
Trang44:M.Higginsvit:"NgitachtrchCnggiocphpxynhthtrongcccncqunstronglcPhttthkhng.Lichtrch
khngphilsai.NhngVitNamcnhiuchuynbtthngrtdthymylmtchuyn:nhscquynminqundchtheolnhng
Dimtronglclinhmckhngcmin".ThtravchnhschkthtngiomngDimkhngchoPhtgiotchcngnhtuyny,khngcho
binhsPhttxychatrongcncquns,thmHigginsliborngngDimminqundchchoccnhs.
Chcnc5imtrnycngthyngibttrotr,xuyntc,vukhng,itrngthayen...caMargueritteHiggins.McdHigginschmi
Vit Nam trong mt thi gian rt ngn, kh nng vit tin tht thit v thu dt ca Higgins va k trn y cng c lc em lc quan li cho
WashingtonDCnhngngthicngemlikhnnchomtskgiHoaKtronghotngtiVitNam.
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WashingtonDCnhngngthicngemlikhnnchomtskgiHoaKtronghotngtiVitNam.
TronglctivngngbngsngCuLong,VitCngclungtnhcpTiuonthMargueritteHigginsdavolibinbccamtv
tngCvnnirngVitCngkhngcxe,khngcphic,khngcmytruyntin,khngchatin,khngcmoocchnhquniVit
NamCngHathkhngthclungtnhc.HalberstamchorngnhthlngaycnhngtnglnhcaocpMcngkhngbitrngVit
CngccikhnngkiungPhngcthxmnhpknovothnqumkhngbphtgic.Mtmcthdichuyn25dmbngi
bhaybngthuyn,ritpkchmaulvrhngtrckhiqunchnhphcthphncng.chlthlungtnhmVitCngcnhnglil
thlungtnhtuytvihncaqunchnhph.
CnkgiNeilSheehanlitcoMargueritteHiggins,tngHarkinsvchnhquynNgnhDimcscuktctnhlplim,chey
nhngxuxa,thtbicachnhNg:
Sphintrchnhngphngvinthngtrccbatranhngtintcxutrnnngnghnhhnvomah1963,khimaskgicvn
phngChuthngvingthmVitNamcngnhnthytnhhnhtitnhchngtithy.NhngkgigmcRalishervBernardKabol
caCBS,JamesRobinsoncaNBC,StanleyKarnowcaTimesvSaturdayEveningPost,PepperMartincaUSNewsReportvCharlesMohrtrng
vnphngTimesngNam.Nhngngikhngphiddngbbychsinhla.Tais,bTlnhcaHarkinsvchnhphDim
khngbaogivalngvinhngtngtrnhcahuhtidincquantruynthngquct.DimvatrcxutRobinsonmtthngsaukhigia
nhDimtngcFrancoisSullycatNewsweekrakhincvsut9thngkhngchoRobinsontrliVitNam.
NunhngidincacquantruynthngtingNamthynhchngtithyth,tiHoaK,licmtsngibctc,phibnhvc
chnhphSiGn.SthtbiqunsvthiukhnnglnhotiminNamtolnqunnihcnmtphngvintntui,mtkhunmtc
thphncnglichngtinhkhunmtMargueritteHigginscaNewYorkHeraldTribune,mtphngvinqucngoiniting.Btac
giithngPulitzernm1951vnhngphngschintrngCaoLy.
B tham mu Hoa K bn gii thiu ngi k gi "chn chn v c trch nhim" , ngi k gi c thnh tch ngh nghip i Vit Nam sa sai
"nhngcuchuyninlon"(tocorrectthehystericalstories)cacckgitich.HigginsbnglngiVitNamvnSiGnvothng8nm
1963.nSiGnmitrongvng4tunlHigginsgimtlottintcvMnirngbincPhtgiochlsngchcanhmnhsququyt
vcanhngkgidbla,cnVitCngthangbtngHarkinsvngDimnhbi.Nhngkgitiychmunchngtathuatrn
chngthng...("ABrightShiningLie",NeilSheehan,tr.347).
SheehancnchobitclnDavidHalberstamgindcptrncangtaNewYorkvhcnhcntncaMargueritteHigginsgncho
nhngbococaHalberstamlsailm.Halberstamphitrlibngmtbcintnygind:"Gerstenzang,nuanhcnnutnmnb
ymtlnnathtistchc,nhcli,tchccnghaltinitchcltchc".
yticnghinhnnhncchvsnghipcaDavidHalberstamvinhngtcphmnh"TheMakingofaQuagmire"v"TheBestandThe
Brightest"cngnhNeilSheehanvinhngtcphmnh"ThePentagonPapers"v"ABrightShiningLie".lnhngkgitrthnhhcgiv
bclnidanhvnghuyhongnhtinngnghnghipvlngtmtrongsngcah,vtthiMargueritteHigginslaimlmcho
mtschnhkhch,tnglnhMvmtstrthcCnggioVitNamphimmuinniphidavoschcabtamthamkhobnh
vcnhNg.
MargueritteHigginslnhbo,sinhnm1920chtnm1966,cchngltngWiliamHallvhaicon.trlithcmccamtcgiang
vitlunvnvmtnkgichintrng"ltnhnhncanhiutnglnhLcqunMtrongNhThChin,trongchintranhCaoLyv
chintranhVitNam"(tohavehadnumerousaffairswithnumerousUSArmygeneralsduringWorldWarII,theKoreanconflictandthewarinVietnam),
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chintranhVitNam"(tohavehadnumerousaffairswithnumerousUSArmygeneralsduringWorldWarII,theKoreanconflictandthewarinVietnam),
boParade(TheSundayNewspaperMagazine)ngy28/12/1986vitnhsau:
NgikgiccpnlbMargueritteHiggins(19201966),mtnkgichintrngcaoln,nhiungcong,khugitnhdc(tall,
curvaceous,sexy)caTpchNewYorkHeraldTribune,vcgiithngPulitzervksquctnm1951."Maggie"Higginslmtngi
nbpchongvng,nhiuthamvngvnitinglkhngthygchikhiphidngnvnlingcamnhkctinghtrongphngthe
tin thn ngh nghip k gi (who reputedly saw no harm in using her assetsamong them a bedroom talentto advance her spectacular career in
journalism).BntcphmvHiggins,vccngnghipvvthiicabtamqucginntmclhik"Newsinasingularthing",cun
"WitnesstoWar"caAntoinetteMay,"ThePaper:theLifeandDeathoftheNewYorkHeraldTribune"caRichardKluger,vtruyndi"Shriekwith
Pleasure" ca Toni Howard c gi hng t nhng thnh tch v kinh nghim dc tnh ca Higgins (inspired by Maggie Higgins sexploits and
sexperiences).
Vitcchcnhnvnhnglinh"cbit"vicctnglnhMnhth,tacthhiutisaotrongcun"OurVietnamNightmare"Higgins
bnhvclptrngthnnhNgcacctngHarkinsvKrulak,vtisaominSiGnvothng8,1963vchmisngtiVitNamvi
thngmHigginsccnhngluniuququytbnhvcnhNg.NungNgnhNhucmtvtchcvchphnhgiluxanh
nnmvinhnvinLinHipQuciutravPhtgiolmplch,thbNhungigmkhng"tim"choHigginsnhngtiliuthtthit
HigginsnhphPhtgiobngnhngluniuongcdlunMclichonhNg.
iungnithmlthnbhthnmtnt,thkgigiantrnhMargueritteHigginslilnguntrchdnkhtncaCngGioCnLao,
cbitlgiitrthcnhNguynVnChc.NguynVnChcvNguynTrndavotiliungytoca"OurVietnamNightmare"vits
ththhinnshcVitNamtnglaisphikhcngnhthnophnbitthch,chnht!
Nm1975,kgiKarnowsaukhiiHNiv,xcnhnmtlnnarngThngtaTrQuangkhngphilCngSnmchbvukhngxuyntc
theokiugitngmh(sheerfantasy).ngLDunthnhnviKarnowlkhngkhaithccvtranhucaPhtgionm1966.
ngLDunrtticbmtmtchichvhthngcnbCngSnnmvngtiHulcbygicnquyut.CngtheoKarnowthnm
1975,saukhiCngSnchimotminNam,ThngtaTrQuanglinbCngSnclpmtthigian18.
unm1985,kgilothnhRobertShaplenthmvingVitNamtrongba,bnthngnghincuvtnhhnh"chnghaxhi",chobit
rngkhiThnhphHChMinhngcxingpThngtaTrQuangmkhngc.ngthikhngbitThngtakhngmungphay
vchnhquynCngSncmThngtagiaothip.TheocuciutracaRobertShaplenthtrcsauThngtavnlngichngCngSn,
chngHoaKvchngchintranh.ngtachobittsaukhiCngSnchimminNam,Thngtabclpmtnmririmictrv
chanQuang19.
Thtth,nuThngtaTrQuanglCngSnnhnhnglixuyntc,vukhng,thtisaochnhquynHNisaukhichimcminNamli
khngsdngThngta,mtvlnhocasTngNivqunchngPhttknhphcvtnnhim,thnhlp"Phtgioyunc",
"Phtgiothngnht",mlidngThngtaThchMinhChuvnkhngctntintng,khinchocucutranhcaPhttchnglihai
tchckodi.VnuPhtgiolCngSnthtisaounm1975,khignmtHu,cTngthngcaGioHiliphivongaySiGn
khnglivngCngSnnhTngGimmcTrnhNhKhuliHNitnm1954valmtaysaichochminBcvagipVatican
ddngbtchaitaytrongvnbiVitNam.
Nitmli,vkhngnhnctnglaitncivu,vmangtinhthnchngCngmtchiutheokiuconiuchuiuvoct,vkhng
lhicvinnhcamtnnHaBnhtrongTrunglp,chonnkhingheThngtaTrQuangihiTrunglpvHabnh,khinghePhtgio
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lhicvinnhcamtnnHaBnhtrongTrunglp,chonnkhingheThngtaTrQuangihiTrunglpvHabnh,khinghePhtgio
nukhuhiuHaGiivHaHpDnTc(vicmGiohongPaulVIvnngtnm1965vcGiochPhmCngTcihitnm
19541955)chonnchaichIvIICngHacngnhnhmCngGioCnLaognchoThngtalthnCng.GnchoThng
taTrQuanglthnCng,nhmCngGioCnLaocncmcchtrth,cncchytitrclchs.Sdindchbabichcth
giithchbngmtucgioiu,hphivthhn,vinhngnhkinbmchttluvotmthccahmthi.
GiosTrnNgcNinh,mtnhvnhatntuicaVitNamaramtkhngnhkhcchitnhsau:
CnhiunginghingivlosrngPhtgiocthiviCngSn,CngSncthdngcPhtgio,nhngnginykhnghiugv
Phtgioc,vcngkhnghiugvCngSnna.
ChnghaCngSntcnbnchnghaDuyVtBinchngvDuyVtLchsnhngthuytnycngnhntnhTuyticaLchs.Ngi
CngSntnhnlcchmng,lmcchmngvhcholcngnghavilmLchstclthunchiuybnhxelchschonhanhhn,
thchinmtgiaionmicalchstheoDuyVtbinchng.Xongritiuna?ChnghaCngSnchabaogiccutrli.
GiolcacPhtcngdyrngs"ng"tora"phnng"cthylmtbinchngphp.ThtrabinchngnylmtkhacnhcaLut
NhnQu.
LchstrongquannimcaPhtgiolsvnchuynkhngngngcaLutVThngvLutNhnQu,nhngcPhtkhnghnirngcon
ngiphichumccholchsxoayvn,hayphithcycholchschngsangmtkipVthngkhccuccchmngnmtronggiolc
Phtlmtschngililchsdolngtham,sn,sichuynvngiithotconngirakhicithgianaukhvcngtnny.
Hnna,trongoPht,sgiithotcaloingicthttivphitingaytrongciihinti.cPht,vsauNgi,hnghsasPht
sinhrathgiivminhcaloingivitimccuicngcasgiithot.
ChnghaCngSnthnhhnhtrnmtdngttngthunlvkthptritlDuylcaHegelvtritlDuyvtcaFeuerbach.Ttccc
nimcaCngSnuccoannmcthinlchvccvtn.
oPht,ngcli,trnhttcnhngsccoan.ConngcPhtlconngTrungo,PhtphpihicTmvTr:cPhtlng
VthngChnhng,Chnhgicvcnglcitibi.StongiccaoPhtkhngchdoltrmbaogmcTrlnTm.
KlmsaochohtcttcnhngskhcbitgiaPhtgiovCngSn.Stringcngaytrongthch,trongcnbntritlcao
PhtvhcthuytCngSn.Quaabnthchnh,tathyCngSnchtrngbong:Bongutranhgiaicp(KarlMarx).Bong
cpchnhquyn(Lenine).Bongthanhtrngnib(Staline).BonggieorcmmmngCngSnccnckhc(MaoTrch
ng).
TinhthnPhtgiolbtbong,phngchmcaoPhtltgic,gicthavtyduyn,phngtinkhngthcy,khngbtbuc,khng
bohnh,khngmantr,khngthinlch.
VythtisaolicmtshiulmvthcchtPhtgioVitNam?Crtnhiuldotorasngnhny.
LdothnhtlvmtsngingoiqucchahiurgioloPhtvchhiuPhtgioquabngoi,toratrnbochvbnglini
mtsnghikiviphongtroqunchngPhtgio.
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mtsnghikiviphongtroqunchngPhtgio.
MtldonaltinhthnHaBnhcaPhtgiomtphntrnghpvichindchHabnhcaCngSntungralmmtlikhtmltrongmt
giaionkhkhncah.
NgoiracngcnmtldonaphinitilPhttVitNamchacmtcngvchnhtrrrngvvngchchotngtrongncmt
cchchnchnhminhbch.
NhngldonylmchonhnghiulmvthcchtcaPhtgioVitNamkhngcnnakhimingihiurngkhngncnovtrnaht
nocaPhtgiocthchpnhncCngSn,vringVitNamthngaytlckhithy,khuynhhngchnhtrcaPhttctnhcch
dntcvcchmngrrt.20
CucCchmng1111963alichotondnminNamnimhoanlcvbinvlmchongHChMinhphicngnhn"ciuytnto
ln",ci"clngdn"caquninhtunboMUSNews&WorldReportsthng10nm1983trnhby,hocnhcuisBaLan
vitrrngtrongHikWaroftheVanquishedcang.NhngrignbanmxotrnvchNguynVnThiutiptheolmphaimngn
lacchmngmtronglngdnchng.KgiRobertShaplen,mtkgilothnhtngtheoditnhhnhVitNamt1945,tngccmtnhvi
cucCchmng1111963khivitschvchDimvcuccchmng,phittnchotcphml"cucCchmngthtbi"(TheLost
Revolution).CnmtchngnhnngiVitkhctngsutiutranhcholtngcchmng,thliticthngchomttrangshuyhongb
xrchvtrchmcsbtlccangDngVnMinhnngiCchmng1111963l"mtcucCchmngnavi,lmtchnhbinhnlmt
cucCchmng".
Luvongnitkhchqungi,dimc"Btcdkhingtrotn",chngnhnLNguynLongvitmtbidilnnnngnch
botn,cccaanhemngDimriktlun:
CucltnhNgnm1963ngl"lmtcuccchmng"vnitiptinhthnqutkhichngboquyncadnVit,nitipnhnghnh
ng"inghaHysinh"lintccachinsqucgiadithiDimtr.
TacnnklitmtthanhninCaoihnhngnhKinhKhatiBanMThutnm1957,tccsquanNhyDbaovydinhcLpnm
1960,thaisquanphicngutPhmPhQucvNguynVnCbnphdinhcLpnm1962,vbitbaonhiuvmustbochabt
thnhmchcmtvnhNgbitr,chonkhiiyNhungvThiutNghacmphntrthccngchcah.
LtDimnm1963ngllmtcucCchmngvgiithothngvnngiqucgiatrongccngcttrntonquc,giithothngtriu
nhndnangnghtthdimtchthinthcthicti.Tondnbngbngphnkhi...Nhnghii,hngcaCchmngchbng
lnvibatunuridndnttngmchvngicmuDngVnMinhnhunhcchmuncuccchmngylmtcucbinhbinhay
chnhlmthi...21
QuymithtbichotngDngVnMinhtuykhngphilkhngng,vdsaothtrongmtthigianngntrcngyCchmng1111963v
mtthigiangnbathngsau,nglngicmuHingQunNhnCchMngvgnnhctonquyniuhnhqucgia.Nhngnu
tconngiDngVnMinhvobicnhlchslcvphphnngbngmtcinhnthngsuttheochiudicalchsthTngMinh
cngnhccnhnvtchyucaHingchlnhngqunnhn,chabaogihotngchnhtr,licngchabaogihchihayhnhxnh
mtchinscchmng.Hchlmcicngvicphilmcamtcngdnyunc,camtngikhngchucnhpbcthvnglnpn.
NhngchnhtrgiatngtricachnhtrngminNam,nhng"cchmnggia"loluyncamyminmlnln,nhngtrthckhoabnglu
509/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NhngchnhtrgiatngtricachnhtrngminNam,nhng"cchmnggia"loluyncamyminmlnln,nhngtrthckhoabnglu
thnglthuytcchmng...khngdmlmhockhnglmcvicthngiqunnhnphilm!
Thtth,sut30nmtriquhngkhila,dqunicnhngsailmtrmtrngnhngngiqunnhnvnlthnhphnhysinhhnaiht.
Hphixalamimgianh,nmgainmmtnguyhimgianlao,hmangtmthntnphhaybxcnisatrng.Sauthng4nm
1975,hlilthnhphnlaolnhcnhnnhttrongcctricitoCngSn.Tronglcthhngngtrthclmg?Mtskhngmunlm
tit,taysaichoccboquynthtnguynchnkipsngBDi,ThcT,haybncrailmthnluvong,mtskhckhphch,cantrng
hnthvnglnchnginhngricngnhphithtbimangthntti.Ticthays"ks"nychthathtnhlmathu.Tronglcth
asliuhngthicuctmsynthnquangy,hocuhngboquyncvinhthnphgia.Cngviastrthcqucgianhth
chonnHongVnChtinsinh,mttrthckhngchulmtitchochNgnhDim,milnnhngngtrthcthiinhsauy:
NguynTricthnhnnc.Giithnglutrthcsaunylconngchucha,khngcthnhmcngchngquantmnnnc.
NguynTriuynthmcvKhnggio,LogiovPhtgio,tclhctamgiomtcchy.
NguynTrilngitrthcsmtcathii,ythmngsnsngtnhnguynphtLLi,mtngicnghakh,ctilnhovcuy
tnvinhndnnhngchl"anhhngovi"khngthucgiitrthc.iuchngtNguynTrikhngtcaotivcitrthccamnhm
chlomangcivnkinthcthuthpcdngvocngcucgiiphngdntc.
NguynTrihcrngnhngcihccangkhngngkhungtronglthuyt,trongschv,ngkhngthucloitrthcmLoTphbnh"Bc
gibttri,trigibtbc"nghalngihcrngmkhnghiugc,ngihiunhiulngikhnghcrng.
NhnganhhngcuncnhLLi,NguynHuul"anhhngovi"xutthnnithndthc.Phichngvthcnnkhngmcbnh
gioiu,mcbnhTngNho,hycnsngsutiphvithicuc,khngsngmTuqumcnnhycnytinhthndntc.
LLithnhcngvmaymncmtvtrthclNguynTripht.NguynHucnggpcmtNgThiNhimsngsut.HQuLypht
ngcucicchmngmchngcaitronggii"itrthc"nghnnthuasm.22
Trongbaminmchintranh,phequcgiacngcnhngvanhhngovinhTrnhMinhTh,lnhtphongtrokhngchinCaoiLin
MinhnhLQuangVinh,lnhtnghaqunkhngchinPhtGioHaHo,thmkhngcmthudunocaNguynTriphtc.Vkhng
cmttrthcnophtnntngTrnhMinhThmualycichtbnsaukhibngDimtthikhinhrvvongn,chonnngLQuang
VinhbngDimlabtvgitchtmtcchtcti.
CngnhTrnhMinhThvLQuangVinh,nhmtnglnhDngVnMinhltcmtchphndntc,giithotchotondn,nhng
ricngnhHQuLy,khngccmttrthcnokiuNguynTrihayNgThiNhimphtnncuccchmngnhphidangd.
lchanintrongsutgnchnnmdichDim,qunibxemnhmtth"tit"cagianhhNgvihaibihcchnhtrln
caNhaChinTranhTmLlSuytnNgTngthngvXinntrnbanphclnhchochngta.Trongsutthigianngnngichunbcuc
binhbinlmcchmng,ccsquanbkimsot,theodi,canhchnggtgaovphidnminlcchocucutrsngchtvibmymt
vcacngNgnhNhulnngNgnhCn,thlmsaocthgiviukinnghincuvthitkmtkhochhucchmnghuhiu
c.Snggpkhimnhngcathnhphnutranhdnskhnggipcgnhiuchoqunimsutchnnmvnchlmtth
quniphephi,bngvinCngGioCnLaochiphi,thngphtbtminh,sdngtheocungcchchiatr,theotiuchunlinhvigia
510/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
quniphephi,bngvinCngGioCnLaochiphi,thngphtbtminh,sdngtheocungcchchiatr,theotiuchunlinhvigia
nhhNgnntoranghikgiaccsquan,giacctnglnh,giaccnv,giaccbinhchng.Domsauny,khiochnhxong
rikhngbitaingayangian,aibnaith,aicngaiti.
Chonnnichongthvnhnthycnsuyvongcatnc,nhnthynithngkhtrinmincangbo,nhnthyanhemngDimnh
bttayvingHChMinhmbtcdquniphivivnglnlmtnlnhtinphongchodntcchnngcnHngthy.Nhngvhu
ququnngndochDimli,nhtlmioncuthhnngnggiakhiCnggiovcctngiokhc,chonnnhngtnglnh
tuyclngviquhngdntcnhnglikhngctianbangtthlmchocucCchmng1111963phiddang.
ngtrnbnhdintruynthngdntcvkhacnhchngctibotr,thcucnidycatngDngVnMinhvcctnglnhngch
vingtaltchDimckhcnohnhngcaBinNhcVnnvhaingiemNguynL,NguynHunidychngtnquyn
thntnc,thamnhngTrngPhcLoanvchngchaNguyn.LiborngvltchDimmxyrabanmxotrnvmtminNamv
tayCngSnthckhcnobovcucltTrngPhcLoanmnichinlylon,chtchctangthnglintc31nmtrit17711802,ngy
GiaLongnhsgipcacccoPhpchinthngTySnthngnhtsnhsauVitNambPhph.
ChcnhmsgiataysaicanhNguynmilnnanhemTySnlphinlonvxuyntccuccchmngTySn,cngnhchcnhm
CngGioCnLaomixuyntcchnhnghacuccchmng1963vcucutranhcaPhtgio.
TakhngthkhngknhphcsgiaTrnTrngKimsngditriuinhNguynmvnchtrchGiaLong,canginhngngianhhngovi
tTySn.TakhngthkhngknhphcngitrthctrtuiTChiTrngsngdichNguynVnThiu,mtTngthngCnggio,
mvnvchtiHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhp,chaGiohiCnggioVitNamquatcphmLchSNiChinVitNam17711802.
TrchngDngVnMinhvnhmtnglnhltchDimtorabanmxotrnvycnntrchTngthngYeltsinltchNgaS
toratnhtrngtanvcaNgaSthnhnhiuqucgiavannkinhtNgavocnkhnghonghaykhng?
Ngoira,cucCchmng1111963lixyravolcmchintranhtiminNambtusing,mtthchintranhnhndnphihpcc
hnhthiquns,chnhtr,tnhbo,kinht,xhivcngphctp,chiphibirtnhiuthchvgingmcbirtnhiucmbyquct.Cho
nntinghrngviclnnsthtbicacuccchmng1111963mtcchgindnsekhngkhimangnhiutnhbtcngnukhng
munnirngbtlng.
Hungglchscchmngthgiichngminhrngttcnhngcucltccchphongkinctiukotheonhngkhongtrng
chnhtr,nhngxotrnriren,nhiukhikoditrnhngchcnmmmuvnchachmdt.Mivtucgi:hoaCchmnggicngt
hn!KhngcnphiknnhngcuccchmngvsndongiCngSnchxngmbolclmtcucnhnhCchmngNgaS
(1917),CchmngTrungHoa(1927),CchmngVitNam(1945)...mngaycnhngcuccchmngticcqucgiactruynthngtnngng
sumvcqutrnhvunximmmngTdoDnchludihncngukotheothngtrm,vachm,muthundCchmngccao
trohaythoitrothvncnhngbinlon,thanhton,vachmmmu.
NghincuvcuccchmngDnquyn1789vicaPhp,tathyrngchotiuthng51789,khiccqucdnibiucvuaLouisXVI
triutpvnkhngcmtlnhtnonghtichuynltchthitlpnnCngHa.Ngaychotingy1471789,saukhidnchngBaL
vtrangnhchimngcBastillevchtuvinThngcBaLbulnngngio,vnkhngcmtnginonghtichuynpch...
Hoivngcacconibiulcchltcmtbnhinphpgiihnbtuyquyncanhvuacngnhngcquyncliqu
ngcagiaicptusvqutc...Nhngmtkhiphtng,cucxungtcngngycngtrnngaygt,chonkhiphiiphvithi
ngoancvcaongocanhngngcpcui,vithivanhunhcvathoncanhVua,cctnglpdnchngmilynhng
511/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngoancvcaongocanhngngcpcui,vithivanhunhcvathoncanhVua,cctnglpdnchngmilynhng
binphpquytlit,hocqukhchhnvithikkhngbkinhhnnm1793!Do,chnhcucCchmng1789mmnchotruynthng
bolcmsaunycclnhtNgaSvnthochomnhlkthak.Vmtkhc,cngchnhcucCchmngny,vctinhnhbi
nhiutnglpxhikhcbit,nncckhuynhhngnhiuphenvachmkhclit,khaisinhramtthchintranhgiaicptotinlchocc
cuctranhchpquynlcsauny.
"Cuc Cch mng Php xy ra t 1789 m cho n ngy 21 thng 1 nm 1793, vua Louis XVI mi ln on u i. Vua Louis XVI cht ri, chnh
trngPhpvnxotrn,phiBoHong(chc)hotnggtgaotrongvtuync.Dosthoitrocacchmng,phiBoHongthu
hochcnhiuthngli.TnhthtrnnnguyngpdostrnlncaphiBoHong...,thanhtonlitipdinriBonapartetrvthanhton
Cchmngvothng91797mynmsaungtacmquynvtilpnnch"23.
CchmngDnquynPhpltQunch,saugn10nmlonly,xotrn,cuicnglitrvvich!!
NhngngichxngcuccchmngPhplccngnhnhngngichxngcucCchmngVitNamtuthk20,khngquannim
ctnhtritvtondincaCchmng,li"nhnngha"qunnkhngnhngnhmtquynlnhotrongcuckhngchin1945
chngPhpmcnmtlunchixydngsautintrnhCchmng1111963ltchDim.
SdticpnCchmng1789caPhpvncnhiuimtngngvicuccchmng1963,tuykhungcnhvcngckhcnhau.
CchmngPhpmmntrckhivuaLouisXVIlnonuicngnhcchmng1963mmntbinccmtreocPhtgiolcngDim
cnlmTngthng.CchmngPhpltvuaLouisXVIvtponcangta,tMarieAntoinettengiacpqutc,giaicptus,giaicpt
snthhngthcucCchmng1963cngltngDimvtponcangtatngbNhu,GimmcNgnhThc,ngNgnhCn,
anhembconngDim(qutc),vgiiCngGioCnLao(tsnhngth).CchmngPhpmngcBastillethCchmng1963mkhm
ChHavCnogiithotchonhngngiqucgiabnhNggiamgi.KhivuaLouisXVIchtthnhmBoHongnilncngnhkhing
DimchtthnhmCnLaoCngGioliniln.NhmBoHongchimastrongQucdnihithnhmCngGioCnLaocngchima
strongNghtrngdichThiu.VsaukhivuaLouisXVIcht,chnhtrngPhplintipxotrncngnhsaukhingDimchtthxo
trnlintipxyrachominNam.
NucnhngkhcbitgiahaicucCchmngthlthicahainhnvtblt:VuaLouisXVIkhilnonui,ngttayciovc
vtriimlngngitatrimnh,ngchkuln"vti"vnilicuicnglTithathchokthcativticuChamutikhigy
hachodnchng.ngDimthtrili:Vonhngngyngnngicnlitrongcucimngangcmthycichtsnmnh,ngara
lituynbmangytnhhnth:Titinthtintheoti,tilithbnti,vtichtthtrthchoti.LitritrncangDimnhchtcng
toanlichonhmCngGioCnLaonuidngmihnhunghn,vtngthmtnhphhoichonhngxotrnchnhtrkhngthtrnhc
sauny.
CngkhcbitnalnucucCchmngPhpcrtnhiuurimuchykhngnhngcatndphengcmquyn(lldnhin)mcn
cacclnhtcchmngna,thtrongcucCchmng1111963chcthmhaingiemcangDimvbncnbcangtalHTn
Quyn,LQuangTung,LQuangTriuvPhanQuangng.CnttctndCnLaovlclngcngcmtthihtralacahuc
khoanhngsngst.
CucCchmng1789khngtocnnhvkhngduytrcchnhquyncchmngtrongmtthigiandinhngtinhthnTdo,Bnh
ngvHuynhcacuccchmngvnsngmivlngnlaphtngchonhiucuccchmngkhctrnthgii.Cngvy,cuc
512/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngvHuynhcacuccchmngvnsngmivlngnlaphtngchonhiucuccchmngkhctrnthgii.Cngvy,cuc
Cchmng1963cngkhngemlitrttvphttrinchominNamnhngtinhthnchngcti,chngboquyncacuccchmngcng
xcnhtnhlintccatruynthngcchmngchngpbccadntavlimttingvngnhcnhthithctronglngngidnmin
NamtsaumaXun1975,khinnchnhtrchuynchcaCngSnchpxungisngcangidn.
Binc3041975khngphilmtskodicangyCchmng1111963vrtnhiuldonhngcbitlvtnhnngcthcachng:
MtngythdmminNamxungvcthm,mtngythnngminNamlnvinhquang.Nucslinhtrongthigianvsbthnhchodntc
lsaugnbanmxotrn,tnclirivotayNguynVnThiu,mtchDimkhngDim,mtchCngGioCnLaophchi,lcm
dnchchacthcthi,dnchngchactdothamgiavochnhquyn.
Lchslicngchngminhrngkhngnhngchcccuccchmngmikotheonhngrirmxotrn,nhngvachmtbin,nhngthanh
tonmmumncccucchnhbin,binhbin,ochnhtrongthicnicngkhngthotkhiciquylut"binngsaucnkhaiph".
TnhngcucltvuaFaroukcaAiCp,vuaHailSlasscaEthiopie,nnhngcucochnhltctiBatistacaCuba,Sokarnoca
NamDng,LThaVncaiHn,PahlavicaIran,SomozacaNicaragua...ukotheothikkhnghong,phnochnh,trth,tranh
chp,xotrn.Chtrccngpbcnngnthtnhhnhsaucnghnlongaygt.
QuylutbinnglicngngchoccqucgiamhuhtdnchngutheoCnggioLaMnhBoNhahocYPhaNho.Haiqucgia
nytngccaitrbiccnhctiCnggiosut40nmtri(SalazarBvFrancoTyBanNha),thmsaukhihnmxung,dkhng
phivmtcucochnhhaycchmng,ccqucgiay(nhtlTyBanNha)vnbxotrnkhnghongtrmtrng.Ccvbtcc,mst,
phhoi,ccvnidycadnthiusBasque,nhiutngtbthihi,btti,vhnlonnhtlhaicucochnhdonhngsquantrung
thnhviFrancochtrng.
iLilmttrnghpinhnhrtngchvlmtqucgiaCnggioviTathnhVaticanngtrngaytithLaM,thmtsau
khinhctiMussolinibxt(1945),trinminsngtrongbongvbinlontkinhtnchnhtr,ttrttxhinanninhquc
gia.
Thtvy,sauthikcticngcaMussolini,nthikangchnhtrxuthinmngCngSnlilngCngSnmnhnht
trongccncngoikhiCngSn.(lmthintngminhnthkhhiuvhuhtdnutheoCnggioLaMchngCngSnvthn,
nhngxtthtk,nhtlnmvngcbnchtquynlcvccschlcchnhtrcaVaticantronggiaionsauthchinII,thtaschng
thygkhhiuc).Ngoiccngchnhtrhotngcngkhai,cncnhngtchcbmtngoivnglutphpnhTchcPhchiDanhd
Mussolini,TchcThnPhtxt,TchcMafia,vcctchckhngbcTlnHu,nhRedBrigadeltchckinhkhipnhtthgii.
Nhngvbtcc,thtiu,mst,tbom,tngtin,phhoimmulintipxyramnnnhnulnhngnhnvtquantrngtronggii
chnhtr,quns,tphp,cnhst,tbn.ThtngMoro,mtchnhtrgiaCnggiotntuibbtccvdGioHongPaulVIquxung
nglixinthamMorovnbgit.MiyGioHongJohnPaulIIcngbbnngayticngtrng"ThnhPeter".Ngicongi15tuicchalm
victrongTathnhbbtcc,GioHongJohnPaulIInglixinqunkhngbtrlitdochoembmvnkhngcpng.
Tkhithchinthhaichmdtchonnm1983,chnhtrnglunlunbtnnnitrongvng37nmmiLiphitriqua45
chnhphd44ththucvngDnChThinChagio(trungbnhmichnhphkhngkodiqu9thng,cchnhphchkodimtvi
tunl).Xotrnchnhtrlnncaoimkhimmtqucgiakhngtrongtnhtrngchintranhnhnglisdngbolcgiiquytmu
thun,nhtlkhibolclicvgiochcaocpnhtcagiohiVaticanvinhdanh:
Bnkhngbbtccnhnvtuytnnhtcancsaukhigitschtoncnvcang.Chngiit,chuccclnhtcachngrakhinh
513/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Bnkhngbbtccnhnvtuytnnhtcancsaukhigitschtoncnvcang.Chngiit,chuccclnhtcachngrakhinh
giam.Chnhquyncngrntkhc.Cnhst,cngan,mtvtungrakhpnclngtmngibbtcc.Hngthngtriqua,ccng"cm"
thucloi"mtchgiy"tmkhngramanhmi.iuchangnhc.NhchnclcGioHonglntingvanxinbnkhngb:"Tixinqu
xungvanxinccngihyphngthchMoro!"
Chabaogibolccvinhdanhnth!Khicnngoano,khicngimiiurn,chcncsngng,cganlindsngvotthin
htiukin,thlcvchcsccaocpnhtcamttngiolnnhtthgiiquxungvanxin!QuSaTngsngginthsao?
ClcGioHongcmthukhcngi.Ngichukhutmnhmtchtchosphnncaloingitrcbolcthmkchthchchng?
chobnnnhnloithmxcquytchng?Haychgindlmtsuhngtrcbolc?CichccGioHonghiulymthi.
Thcttrcmtl:saukhicGioHongqulythbnkhngbtrlibngcchtrxcchtMorovtrongcpmtchicxehiungoi
ng.
cThnhChabnlmlchonnnhn,nhngbvnnnhnkhngndlcuhny.ClbycmcthymtPioXIItisinhhnl
mtPaulVIqulytrcbolc,dvimtdngg.24
Dnggna:GioHongPaulVIlmtnhnvtuhngscmnhbolccaNgaSchonnthichnhtrkhngngoimcchlmhi
lngCngSnchoccGiohiaphngcdungthamthi.
NhngthiuhngnhcnhdsaocnglvnringcaGiohong,caGiohiLaMvcanhngkchbitciutrcsc
mnh.Nhontonkhngbiutngccitruynthng"uyvbtnngkhut"camtngicskh,camtdntcqutcng.
NctngbcaitrbimtnhctiphtxtlMussolini,ngthilicmtGiohongPioXIIthnMussolinivthnNazikhngdmlnn
chnhschtnbocacqucx(theotincahngthntngUPI,2191981).TathnhVaticanlilnichachp,chechnhngtiphmca
nhnloi,nhngnhnvincaocpcaixungkchSScaNazinhtnWalterRauffchnghnbtnhnghigit250.000dnDoThi(theotin
UPI,1051984).Chonnsaukhiccnhnvtphongkin,cti,cchuchtithngCngSnvikhngbcctphiraitheoquy
lutchnhtrvbongvlutvaytrcanhnth.
Maychoncltngy2271983,chnhphXhiutindoThtngBenitoCraxicmuvimtchnhschcim,cbitnhtlvic
kktviTathnhmtthacchmdtquynhnhcaTathnhtrnlnhth,traphncaVatican(theotinAP,1821984),chnhtnh
mibtuivonnpquycphnno.Tuynhin,snnhxhivchnhtrnycnphiithigiantrlivdsaothmmmngcabo
lccngnsuvoxhincri.
Ngoinhngqucgiavaktrn,nhngbinng,xotrn,btnsaumtcucchnhbinvncnxyrachonhiuqucgiakhctiTrungv
NamM,vcbittiPhiLutTn.PhilmtqucgiahontonCnggiotingvlnimthocaTaThnhLaM,nhngchngmay
gn20nmnaylibcaitrbivchngnhctiMarcos(mttnCnggio).ChonntacthtinonrngkhivchngMarcosnmxung
hayraithPhicngschuhuquxotrnrirennhminNamVitNam,saukhianhemngDimbltvbNgnhNhurai.
Nhngchngminhthctinvhnghntrnychothyrngttcnhngchctiphongkinmikhibspulixotrnriren
514/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nhngchngminhthctinvhnghntrnychothyrngttcnhngchctiphongkinmikhibspulixotrnriren
chotnc.Nhngtsngngmtysuhaycn,tohaynhkhcnhaunhngriscuncunnilnvachm,xoymnhmikhithayi
thytriu.TtnhincuccchmngthayichctiCnggiotrcaanhemngDimcngkhngtrnhkhiquylut:
...ChNgnhDimcngkhngtrnhkhinhnglilmtrndcgngnhpcngvoVitNamchthuyt"Nhnv",tchc"ThanhNin
CngHa","pChinLc".Chthuytcncgiibysurng,phhpvitnhtrngchnhtr,xhiqucnilnbnhdinthgii.Ncn
cgiixngpdngtrctintraltrnicng.Chphongkin,quanli,gianhtr,ngtr,kthcaNgnhDimkhngchli
gchoxhiVitNam,nhtlt1958trvsau,khngdnhdpgtichthuyt"Nhnv"hayhotrngiytc!Trili,huqusailmcach
Dimlmtxutngtlnnmquynchnhtr,tngiochinhau25.
Huqusailmrabanmxotrnmtrongtnglnh,tus,trthc,sinhvin,ngphi,...thaotngtranhquynotlichob
phicamnhhaychonhngcmnhiulckhngchnhngnhnglunluntothmhnlon!
NutthytriuCchmng1111963thnhcngtrongvicptanchctiNgnhDimthnlithtbitrongviccuninhngrc
rmcachkhisngynbinlng,nhngcnbcachclinilnmtnclmungthithmminNam.
NhngcnbcGiosNguynNgcHuycnhbonhsau.
ivinhngaitngthamdvosinhhotchnhtrsaukhiDimbltthcnphinhnthymtcimkhc.lskinngiCnggio
vnrtuyquyn,vsaumtthigianvngbngngnngi,hlixuthintrnchnhtrng.NhngkhotngtchccnhtubnhvcNg
nhDim,vnhngaitngchngiDimubhcoinhlkthcangiCnggio(ForthoseinvolvedinthepoliticalactivitiesafterDiems
fall,thereisanotherconsiderationtotakeintoaccount.TheCatholicsremainedpowerfulandafterashorteclipse,appearedagainonthestage.The
mostactiveamongthemstronglydefendedDiemsmemories,andthosewhoopposedhimriskedbeingconsideredtheCatholicsenemies)26.
Banmxotrn,mnguynnhnchnhltndcaCngGioCnLao,lmsuynhcthmscmnhchnhtrcaminNamviktqucui
cnglemmtchqunphitlncmquyntilpmtchDimkhngDim:chNhCngHacaNguynVnThiu.
1 ThUyn,ChnDungNhtLinh,tr.127.
2 Stanley,Karnow,Vietnam:AHistory,tr.339.
3 onThm,VicTngNgy,1968,tr.30vTunboParisMatch(s1527,ngy1978).
4 PhmKimVinh,LchSChinuCaQunLcVNCH,tr.50,51.
5 NguynNgcHuy,SThiuthcvTrthccaNgiVitNamKhngCngSnKCTrThcTrongGiaionTrcNm1975,trongbo
ngMi(1984).
6 oSPhu,biphbnhcun"NhngBnVCiChtCaVNCH"caPhmKimVinhngtrongnguytsanNhnBn(s16ngy1778).
7 DonQucS,NgiVitngYu,tr.108.
8 HongPhiH,NguynTngTam:NhVn,NhCchMngDnTc,tpchKhaiPhng,(s5ngy1981).
9 ThPhong,Nhvn,TcPhm,Cuci.NXBiNamVnHin,SiGn1965.
10 NhtboNgnLun,(sngy41163).
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11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VPhin,tNcQuHng,tr.97,98.
JerroldSchecter,TheFusionOfReligionandPoliticsInComtemporaryBuddhism,tr.158.
JerroldSchecter,TheFusionOfReligionandPoliticsInComtemporaryBuddhism,tr.158.
csanQuM,XunCHng(1980),tr.43,45.
NguytsancLp,sthng101984,tr.15.
StanleyKarnow,Vietnam:AHistory,tr.446449.
RobertShaplen,AReporterAtLarge,ReturnToVietnam,tunboTheNewYorker(sngy29483)tr.92.
TrnNgcNinh,PhtgiovCngSn,NguytsanPhtgio(s3thng878).
LNguynLong,BtcDKhingTroTn,tpchKhaiPhng(s7)tr.38.
NguytsanDnQuyn(s77v78thng884)tr.29.
NghimXunHng,CchmngvHnhng,tr.12,13.
TrnThy,VinhDanhBoLc,bnNguytsanVitNamHiNgoi(s25ngy1678)tr.6567.
oSPhu,biPhbnhcun"NhngBnVCiChtCaVNCH"caPhmKimVinh,nguytsanNhnBn(s16ngy1778).
NguynNgcHuy,TheStoryOfDiemsOverthrowandMurder,"DisplacedPerson",CenterInformationService,tiliudn.
Chng19
CHTHIU:
CHDIMKHNGDIM
Ktuthkth20,khiccngphichnhtrxuthinvhotngtrntoncitncthnm1954phiccoilcimcquantrng
nhdumtsthayilntrongbnchtcngnhtrongsinhhotcaccngphi.Thtvy,tnhngtchccchmngbmtchngTy
ginhclpngthichngnithCngSn,thktnm1954,khichnhtrminNamcsannhrrng,ccngphibinthnhcc
tchcthunchnhtr,chunbutranhcngkhaidinhnghnhthcdnchhpphpvhphintinnvicnmchnhquyn.
Trongcntrmnhvbinhnhquantrng,ccngphigpphihaitrlcln:Trlcthnhtktuthpnin60tri,khingCng
SnchoraiMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamtranhginhnhhngvihtrnabnqunchngvthuchimimtsthnhphncnb
quantrngvTrlcthhaiktkhingDimnmchnhquynvonm1955,tinhnhchnhschcngchuynchnhvdmntmisinh
hotdnchmmingphiangbtuxydng.
ChnhchnhquynNgnhDimtinhvitiuditcitinhlicnstlicamtngcchmngvlmtlitmichcnngcnthitmithnh
hnhcamtngchnhtr,yhvoththngchthihocthahipviquynlcvquynli.Bngnp,kmkp,muachuc,hmda,
chiar,lygin,thtiu,...ngCnLaovanhemngDimphntcitruynthngcchmngcangphivnckhaisinhtnhngngy
chngTycunc.Mtshimhoicccnhnhoctchckintrviltngcamnhthnhphirtvobngti,mthmvgiihnmi
sinhhotvdndnmthtsinhlcvbthcnthitcamtngCchmng.
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Khngnhngchtiuditccngphilnhngtchcutranhchnhtr,chnhquynNgnhDimcnthchinchnhschtiuditcctn
giokhc,vnlscmnhvnntngxhicaqunchngminNam.Nhnnhngbinngqunscaccgiophivtrangvonhngnm
umchyudoBnhXuynvmtvilclngvtrangchxng,ngNgnhNhuctnhnghacclclngvtrangphinlonny
vitonbcctngiocaminNam(ad)mbiutnglCaoivHaHo.KhngphtxuttquannimYuNclYuDn,khngch
xngchnhschDnCMnhNcMiGiu,nnchnhquynNgnhDimxemdnnhmtphngtinphcvch,phixem
dnnhkth,chsqunchngmnhthscpmtcichnhquynangemlicquynclichogianhvpheng.Vvychnhquyn
DimmiphitiuditHaHo,nhphCaoivcuicngkhaichinviPhtgio.McchtihucachtrngnylCnggioha
nhndnminNam,dnhchoCnggiongivctn.
HailclngctnhqunchngvckhnngkhngnhngcthyhoisinhlcqucgialngphivTngio,sau9nmbotrca
chNgnhDim,chnhmlabnglnlnchtvocaoimngyCchmng1111963,risaukhngcntimlcduytrthnhqu
camtcaotroangln.Banmxotrnmtitrnhbytrongchng18chlhuquttnhincacithikchnnmkhchitrcmthi.
CcnhlmchnhschcaHoaKkhngnhnthycnguyny,licngkhngphthincvaitrvnhimvlchscacctngio
trongdngsinhmnhcadntcVitNam,nnnhgisailcvtrvscmnhcacctngioCaoi,HaHovPhtgioVitNamm
hcholkhngchngCngnhgiohiCnggio,chonnsaubanmxotrn,ngiMlicanthipmnhmvochnhtrngVitNam(nh
cch10nmtrchplcangDimvvynglnlmThtng)khaisinhramtnnNhCngHavihaictnhr
rt:qunphit,sdngvlcchngCng,vCnggio,bovtinhthnchngCng.NghalchngCngbngvkhvquyttmcatng
"ditmaqu".KhaisinhrannNhCngHavihaictnhsaubanmxotrn,quthtphhpvicalclngchnhtrcagio
hiCnggioangthamnvthy"khngcCthlonnhth",vanglidngtnhtrnghnlon(mhcnglmtthnhtnggp)
tmcchtrlichnhquyn.
VchchimmtphnmidnsvvasngiCnggiochsngtphpngotiThSiGnvvngphcnnnlmchonhng
aithiunghincu,hocchphntchmtcchphindintheonhnquanchnhtrTyphng,tngrngtrongvntngquanquynlcti
VitNam,khiCnggiokhngphilmtthlcchnhtrvngmnhvctmvcquytnhccdinchnhtrngminNam.
Trcnm1954,timinNamVitNam,GiohiCnggiochcccgiophnHu,QuyNhn,SiGn,VnhLong,CnTh.Nhngtkhing
Dimlncmquynvvicucdiccagn700.000giodnminBc,ngDimvgiohiLaMcptcmthmccgiophnLt,M
Tho,LongXuyn(1960),Nng(1963),XunLcvPhCng(1964)trongmrngncCha.Vicmthmhaigiophncuicng
cspttthiNhtCngHa,nnm1964mithchin.
ngthi,bovchodinhcLpvcho"cnca"cachlthSiGn,cngnhphtrngscmnhcaCnggio,ngDim
choxydngmtcigipstCnggio(danhtcaJeanLacouturetrongLeVietnamEntreDeuxPaix)baoquanhSiGnvchophpgiodn
"xmchim"taiSiGnvvngphcn.AitngsngtiSiGnttrc1954cngphinhnthyrngnnm1963,SiGnkhngcn
mangtnhcht"Namk"nam"Bckha"theokiuCngGio,SiGnkhngccstnghpphiccahaiminsaucucdicvis
hangvnhambinthnhmtthcbitThinChagio.Trcnm1954,SiGnvChLnchcnhthcB,nhthHuyn
S,nhthTnnh,nhthNgSu,nhthKng,nhthChLn(saunyquengilnhthChaTam)mtnphnnglngi
Php,ngiPhpgcVit,vngiTu.NhngtngyngDimlncmquynthnhthvtuvinmcrakhpni(chaksnhthtrong
ccnvqunicngchmicthitlpsaukhingDimlncmquyn).GiodnsngtrnngpvngPhTh,NgTByHin,NgBa
ngT,vngLngChaC,vngHnhThngTy,vngTnChuSa,NgBaCha,vngTnnh,GVp...CnhnkhuPhmNgLononhit
gnchSiGnththycccsthngmi,kinht,bochasudongiCnggiolmch.Cnhnvoconscctrngtthctas
cnimvscbnhtrngnhhngcangiCnggiotiminNamVitNamddnshthuakmchaitngioHaHovCaoi.
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cnimvscbnhtrngnhhngcangiCnggiotiminNamVitNamddnshthuakmchaitngioHaHovCaoi.
Chonnm1969(trntonquc)Cnggioc1256trngTrung,TiuhcvMugio 1.Tronglcthmichonnm1970,Phtgiomi
chc160trngTrung,TiuhcB2.CncsgiodccahaitngioCaoivHaHoththtvcngkhimtn,nukhngmunnil
conskhng.Caohnna,choncuinm1963,tonminNamchcthm2trngiHcudohaiLinhmcCnggiolmVintrngl
HuvLt.VVintrngiHcHulLinhMcCaoVnLunchcbngCnhn.
Chmtlnhvctrn,khiphngrngramkhngssainhiu,tacngthycshotngxngxocangiCnggiodicvmimt,c
bitlvmtchnhtr,thchnhtrtranhginhav,danhli.thngiCnggioVitNamcncHoaK,cchnhquyn,giohilnt
nhntincy,ymtrhtlngvphngtinvthlcnnCnggioVitNamcngbnhtrngquynlcmaulvddi.
NgiCnggio"Bck",nhJeanLacouturenitrongtcphmcang,lhngngihiung,"tomm",mangnnghnthvingiVit
dntctthkth17,18.Hlicungtn,gioiu,vhphinbtnhnchonnsaucichtcangDimhvnkhngchucngnhn
tilivtrchnhimtrvhangviikhidntc.Htmcchvngln,tmcchtitothlchutiptcqukhvngsoncah
vacthnmcchnhquynvatrthnhnglclngdntcvnchlnnnhncah.SaucichtcangDim,ngiCnggiotr
nnonkthn.CnhngngitngchngianhemngDimcngquayvngchungmtgiituyn,lmhuthunchongNguynVn
ThiumtrnghplinhmcHongQunhvCaoVnLunlinhnh.Hintng,bntrongldomccmtilivbnngoilvsauci
chtcangDim,nhngsthtvmilinhgiagiohiCnggiovchnhquynDim,cbitlvithnhphnCnLaoCngGio,cnglc
cngbtitlrarrng.NgayclutsNguynVnHuyn,mtnhnsCnggiominNamtngcthibthptcvichDim,tng
kchCnLaotrongmtcucphngvncabochkhiCchmng11163vahonthnh,thmribtcdcngphihptcviNguynVn
Thiu.
ThtrathsphchiquynlccakhiCnggiobtutkhixyracichtcaThiutNhung,vinsquanthntncatngDngVn
Minh,ngihsthaingDimNhu3.Ktcicht,khiCnggiotchcchotngchngiPhtgio,chngisinhvinvchngi
ccngphitinlnchonkhihltcchnhquyndnscahaingPhanKhcSuvPhanHuyQut,toldovchiadnng
NguynVnThiulnlmTngthngnhtitrnhbytrongchng"BaNmXoTrn".
VphnngNguynVnThiu,tuynmcchnhquynnhngtbitmnhvakhnguytnvakhngchuthun,thcnbng
NguynCaoKthnghchvchngph,nnphithahipv"uqun"khiCnggiochuthunchnhtrhunguvicckhii
lp.
Scuktgia"Kcp"NguynVnThiuv"Bgi"CnggiobinchNhCngHathnhrachDimkhngDim.Vicrai
cunschLmthnogitmtTngthngcaCaoThDungvonm1970,vvicraicitchcgil"PhongTroPhcHiTinhThn
NgnhDim"cakhiCnggiomThiumthmchxng,cngtmthmcicnccthtscachThiulmtchDim
khngDim.
Lidngchi"uqun"cangThiu,vnhnthyvintngquynlcngThiuspnmc,ngiCnggiobnqunciticang
ThiutrongqukhvnlmtconchinngoanovlmtsquantrungthnhvingDimnhnglicmquntncngdinhGiaLonglt
ngDim.Cqunciti"mithahipcvinhautrongvnsansquynlcvtinhnhcphchinhngquynlimt.
NhngngiCnggiotxngltrungthnhvingDimcngkhngngnngingataynhncaThiu500.000ngbctchclcng
kngDimlnutintinghatrangMcnhChi,vcnmicvThiunthamd.Builutinychnhdommusptcang
Thiu(nhRobertShaplennitronglotbiTheCultofDim)nnNgKhcTnh,BtrngThngTincaThiutchcvchta,nilns
cuktgiachnhquynThiuvkhiCnggiochtchvtngcnhthno.TrungyNguynMinhBo,trongtpimtTngthng,nhn
518/611
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cuktgiachnhquynThiuvkhiCnggiochtchvtngcnhthno.TrungyNguynMinhBo,trongtpimtTngthng,nhn
nivlcngkngDimtinghatrangMcnhChi,tlngbitnvtnvinhchnhquynThiu,cnglmnibtcibnchtchThiu
chlmtchDimnidi:
...Hngnm,ngy2thng11tinghatrangMcnhChiSiGn,ltruyiu(cTngthngDim)ctchctrngth...
NgaygiaTh,builctchctrangtrngvishindincahngvnngi(LTG:thtrachvingnngimhuhtlngiCng
gio)cnnilnthisngsut,vtvcnhntmcachnhquynvngycnimhnhoanchomttpthqunchngngoc
tinhthnqucgiachnchnhvlngquyttmchngCngkhnglaychuyn4.
NguynMinhBolmtsquanthucLonLinbinhPhngvTngthngPhthiNhtCngHa,mtcnbCnLaoCngGiocungtn,
chbitnhtChanhngDimcnttcchlthyu.Rrngltronglctonquntonnc,tonthgiiaicngbitvlnnchnhquyn
Thiuqunphit,thamnhng,hinchidnthBolicatngcichnhquynl"sngsut,vtvcnhntm..."nhBotngm
qungcatng"ngitachthyrngdithiT.T.NgnhDim,cctngiotcmtthikhngthnhnht"trongcunschcaanhta.
iuchnilnhaiimctrngcanhngthnhphnCnLaoCngGioVitNam:ThnhtlkhiCnggiosnsngcatngvhuthun
chobtcai,btcthlcno,minlclichoncCha,dnChavthhai,mymilimththm,lnhngiuhngh,hniv
hlmphnnhciphongcchhnhxcamtgiohiangchplnnidungttpcanhngliraogingtrongPhcm.
o0o
Nm1966,nnNhCngHaraivitmgiykhaisinhchnhtrtn"chNguynVnThiu".nhndinchny,takhngththeo
phngphpthngthngtnngvncuxtccchnhsch,thmnhccccuchnhquynhayphntchccvnkincnbnvhnh
chnhvtphp,mtrongtrnghpchThiucaminNamkt1966,taphinhnthnhphnnhnslnhothngtngcaitr,vci
thlchuthunchhtngqunchng.
Thtvy,ktnm1954,chnhtrminNamlmtloichnhtrmlcvnngchnhlnhns.Chnhsch,ngli,schlc,phngtin...
ubHoaKmthmhaycngkhainmlyiung,chonntrongmigiaion,vimich,ucmtkhunmtVitNamtiubiu,
ucmtlclngVitNamnibtln,vchcnxtkhunmt,lclngltacththycchntngchnhtrvvnhacach
ny.
lquylutcthcachnhtrminNamtsau1954.
ChThiucngkhngnmngoiquylut,chonnchcnimmtthnhphnlnholmvicchoThiuvvThiu,chcnliranhsng
thlchuthunchochnhquynqunphitltacthxcnhcchThiucphilmtch"DimkhngDim"khng?
VythnhngailmvicchongThiu?
TrongdinhcLpcCvnAnninhTnhbokimCvnQunslngngVnQuang,ngiconnuitinhthncaBm,chrutTng
519/611
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TrongdinhcLpcCvnAnninhTnhbokimCvnQunslngngVnQuang,ngiconnuitinhthncaBm,chrutTng
thngDimvlthnmucaGimmcNguynVnThun.NgoinhngchcvchnhthcngQuangcncnhngnhimvbmtlthitlp
khochvphihpcngtccacccquanchnhquyntritphccthnhphnilpvichmitngsmtlPhtgio.ng
QuangcnglngiiungmththngtchcbunthucphinluchialivingThiunhngNhutrckiabunthucphinlu
lmgiumMacCoynirtrongThePoliticsofHeroineinSoutheastAsia.
CvnphtrchKinhtildcsNguynCaoThng,GimchngthucO.P.V.,ngiCnggioPhCam,tnglmDnbiugianvKinhti
choanhemngDim.NhimvchnhtrcaThnglxydngchongThiumtQuchibnhnmasphilngiCnggio.Chnhng
ThngthayngThiugiaothip,muachuc,hngdnvkimsotQuchiiuhngnhchgil"dnc"nynghnglica
ngThiu.KhingThngbtthnhlnhchtvbnhungththphtcangThngtrongdinhcLplngNguynVnNgnlnthayth.ng
NgnlngiCnggioNghTnh,bconcaLinhmcCaoVnLun.ngnhgiosNguynKhcNgnitrongtcphmNhngNgy
CuiCngcaVNCH,htThngrinNgn,hchnhlnhngnginmgitayhmchakhacaquchitinchoccDnbiu,Nghsvcc
lclngthnchnh.
CvnChnhtrvlQunsTicaocangThiumtcchkhngchnhthctrongdinhcLplLinhmcCaoVnLun,nguynlmtcng
thncanhNg.LinhmcLuncanhemngDimcholmVintrngVinihcHunhngnnm1963,trccaotroutranhdng
mnhcaPhtgio,sinhvinvtrthcminNam,ngLunphimincnggianhptheonnbnhNgctchcVintrng.Cnnhclirng
khithlcCnggiocphchi,ngCaoVnLunbkhiCnggiochtrchthichngchnhquynDimtrckiannbntmcchlinh
tinthnviThiuvcuicngcngThiutnnhim.Nhci"mc"VintrngVinihcc,linhingoiqucnhiunnngLun
cThiugiaochonhimvcbitlgiaothip,linlcviccchnhkhchHoaK,vcbitviTaThnhLaM.
CvntnhbochinlclngHunhVnTrng,ttnghipihcLutvlmttnCnggioxutthntmtdngtuHngKng.Di
thichnhphNguynPhanLong(1950),TrnggichcTngthkchnhphvvntiptclnhnvincaocpdithichnhphNgnh
Dim.KhichnhphDimtinhnhchnhschtiuditngphi,TrngtrthnhitngcachnhschnynnphilnhnntrongdngCha
CuTh.Sau,khitnhhnhbtnguyhim,ngTrngtixuthinnhngchmthmdyVitngvPhpngchonhnvinSqunMtiSi
Gn.Chnhtrongthigianny,nhnvincaocpcaHNilngVNgcNhphthinrangTrngvktnpvoCmtnhboA22.Sau
cucbucTngthngnm1967,ngVNgcNhnhvnngvingNguynVnThiuchongTrnggichcThtng,nhngviukin
chnhtrphctplcnnngTrngchngvaiCvntnhbochinlcvnhngvnchnhtrvngoigiaotrongPhTngthng.Nhng
riA22bphtgic,chaingNhlnTrngubbtvbTanQunscbitktnyraCno.
Nhvy,trongmtchmccquytnhsinhtlinhnvnmnhqucgiautptrungvomtngichkhngphivonhngHing
AnNinh,HingNiCchayQuchinhchThiu,thvaitrCvntrongnhngbuihpkngiihnmilvaitrmucht.Mbnngi
cvnQuns,Chnhtr,KinhtivTnhbo,tuyxutthntnhngmitrngkhcnhau,sinhhottrongnhnglnhvckhcnhau,tinthnt
nhngtrnhkhcnhau,nhnglicmtyutchungrtnibt,ltngiocah,lcilinhrutthtvstvoGiohiCnggio
VitNam,mnhhbclncvtrgnnhtchungquanhngTngthngCnggiothnhcannVitNamCngHa.
HcnThiucngnhThiucnhtrongciththahipsansquynlcvcngcquynlc.ConchinngoanoNguynVnThiu
khngcnthpuctmnhntimchcnmcaquynlcnngingolcquynlccaitrminNam.Vkhic"ttrtriu
nh"ngiCnggiori,thcngnhngDimngyxatrongchnhschnhnlc,ccihthngvnhnhtrungcpdiphilcclinhmc
vcctnCnggiokhc.
TrchtlLinhmcNhunvnhmNguyncXchphtrchvictheodi,dxtccngphi,tngiovnhngthnhphnilpribo
cothngchongngVnQuang.LinhmcNhunlChasthuchoPhNhun,sauchaingThiuvQuangnbcnglaobng
520/611
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cothngchongngVnQuang.LinhmcNhunlChasthuchoPhNhun,sauchaingThiuvQuangnbcnglaobng
cchgiptinbcxyctmtgiongstnktiPhNhun,idinvingichaioTamKPhcaCaoigncngs4
BTngThamMu,nglnQunYVinCngHa.CnThiutNguyncXch(cngiemllinhmchinsngcChu,hinnayng
nylpgianh)cThiuvQuangchogichc"gimst"trongcquanGimStVin,phtbmtchongNgXunTchlbconca
ngThiugichcChtchVingimst.NgiphtminTrungcholinhmcNhunctnlHunhBt(bithiulHongiVit)qutnh
QungNgi,vnlmtcnbVitNamQucDnngtngcngNgnhCnmuachuctrckia.Nhnghotngphnngcang
HunhBtcanhemVitQucbitrtthiNgnhDim.
MtlinhmckhcmbconNguynPhctchunhaicngbitlLinhmcBuDng,vcvnbmtctrchVnhaGiodcchochnh
quynThiu.BuDnglngitngcngviNgnhNhukhaisinhraciquithai"ChNghaNhnVDuyLinh"vymtrchochDim
tinhnhschlc"CnggiohaminNam"mticptrongnhngchngtrc.
CucCchmng1111963bvlinhmcnybpmonidungnhmtcucchintranhtngiomPhtgiolkthltch.Nnkhi
ngThiucmquyn,linhmcBuDngtnguynnhptcvichmtlphchiliccnhnscachcnmlygungmy
chnhquynmtrthPhtgio.LinhmcBuDngcThiuvHoaKgipthitlpViniHcMinhccngvitrngihc
ChnhTrKinhDoanhLtcangNgnhThctrckialmcngvic"trngngi"chochCnggiotrmi.VcmthPhtgioqu,
linh mc Bu Dng khng ngi ngng xi dc khuyn khch sinh vin Cng gio trng Minh c vit bi kch cng khai Pht gio trn t
nguytsaniHcMinhc,cquanngnlunchnhthccanhtrng.NhiucusinhvinMinhcvVnHnhhnkhngthnoqun
cnhngboktnThchQuangcnhngluniuhnhcccPhtThchCa.MViniHcMinhc,BuDngvkhiCnggio
cnmunganhuavitrngihcVnHnhcaPhtgioangthuhtngosinhvinthanhninhngvtnhtvtruynthngdntc.
MtvGimmcnitingkhclngNguynVnThun(giTngthngDimbngcurutvcaiqungiophnNhaTrang).nglmtngi
thngminh,khnngoanvthmthy,ngcnglvgimmctrtuinhttronghnggiophmcaocpcaGiohiCnggioVitNam.Tigp
nglnutintiParisnm1956dolinhmcGing(hinPhp)giithiu.LcbygingbmthotnglikokiuboPhpvvich
Dim,ngthivnnggiitusvtrthctrCnggioPhpnghchochcangicurutcangta.
Sspcachvcichtcabangicurutlmchongtrnncngrn,quytlithntrongthamvngxydngkhiCnggiotr
thnhmtlclngstthpnmlychnhquyntiminNamvbinminNamthnhmtngiconhiuthocaGiohiLaMhumtmt
trmithgiatc,vmtkhcthhonttschlccaccngcutrckia.NhngtchcCnggioquctcnticthnggianhhNg
ngmgipGimmcThunsmtrthnhnhnvtquantrngcaGiohiVitNamngcuythvphngtinhotngchnhtr.Vthcho
nndlmtGimmccntrtui,ngvncgiaophtrngtrchphtTngGimmcNguynVnBnh.ngcncCnggioquct
giaochcTngthquCaritas,mttchctthincaCnggioHoaKttrstiPhiLutTn.(ThtratthiDimnthiThiu,Cnggio
quct,cbitlgiohiHoaK,ttiminNamrtnhiucquanbngoithlmvictthinchodnVitNamnhngmcchchnh
yulmuachucddngiVitNamtheoCnggio).
trnhdlun,gimmcThuntcngkhailinhvingThiutidinhcLpmchbmtgiaothipvingngVnQuang,vnlngi
emtinhthncang.Tuynhin,hnhngbmtcangcngkhngchemtcVVnHi,mtngirtkhinhbvthghtnhmCngGio
CnLao,thghtNguynVnThiuvngVnQuang.CngnhdithiTngthngDimmHitmtheodinhnghnhngmmui
caanhemTngthngDim,ngynayHilitheodichaThunvbitcngtacngvingVnQuangcmutchcbunvntrng
phomtheoHiththngvlnn800triubcVitNam.
Nhvy,bynhnvtCnggiomtivaktrn(mnbnlgimmcvlinhmc)thcslnhngngiquntchungquanhvTng
thngcngCnggiotoraciunonmlyvnmnhminNam.HbmlyThiumsngvphttrincngnhThiubmlyhmtn
521/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
thngcngCnggiotoraciunonmlyvnmnhminNam.HbmlyThiumsngvphttrincngnhThiubmlyhmtn
tivthithquynlc.
Khicciunovangovanglinhvythccbphnthahnhcngphnnhvnidicitnhchtovlinhthph
hpkhtkhaovikhunthcmchDimli.
Thtvy,ThngVin,NguynVnThiulunlunc3hay4lindanhCnggiolmtaysai:LindanhNguynVnHuyn,lindanhHunhVn
Cao,lindanhNguynGiaHinvlindanhTrnVnLmgmhuhtlngiCnggiohaylngicachcnitingtrungthnhving
Dim.ChcChtchThngvinsutthigianThiucmquynnmtrongtayhainhnvtCnggiolccngNguynVnHuynvTrnVn
Lm(ngLmhinsngcChu).NhtPhChtchlngPhmNhPhin,mtvcuquanlitaychnccaTngthngDim.Cngc
thingHongXunTu(mtngiCnggioQungTrthucngiVitHThcK)cbuvochcNhPhChtch,nhngnnm
197374,ngTutheonglicangquayrachngiThiutrongPhongTroChngThamNhngcaChaTrnHuThanh.
CnHVin,ngiCnggio(nhtlngiCnggiodicvnhnsccachDim)chimas,cbitlkhicLp19ngigm
tonthnhphnCnLaoCngGiodonhmccngNguynQuangLuyn,VVnMu,PhmHuGiocmu.Khinyginhlynhng
chcchtchcaccUBanquantrngchiphiHVin.TheogiosNguynKhcNgtrongNhngNgyCuiCngcaVNCHthsaukhi
thnhlpxongkhicLp,ngNguynQuangLuynvodinhcLpgpngThiuvhasnghilinhnguicbit.Cngv
thahipmtuynhmDnbiuLuyn,Mu,Gioxutngoibunvnglu,lalu,ltnblmnongdlunquctvlmmtquc
thVitNam,ThiuvQuchiCnggiovnchechbqua,nhngkviphmlutlkhngbmthnhphtno,kcbinphpchtihnh
chnh.
PhbnhvsthaotngvngungccakhicLpny,mthmnhnmovichngti,DnbiuTrnVnTuynchtchkhiDnTc,
mamairng:"KhngphivtnhmkhiDnbiuCnggiolytn"cLp",mphibitrng"khicLp"v"dinhcLp"ucchung
mt,nhmchungmtmcch,sngchungmtlisngchphntqucgiamthi".NgitakhngquntrongnhngbuitholuntiH
Vin,khiDnTccangTrnVnTuynvkhicLpCnggiogiancaThiuthngnhiulntranhcigindgnnhmuninx
xt.NhngkhicbiuquytmtdlutnoththnglivnvkhicLpcaThiu.
TrongHVincncdnbiuinhXunMinh(cemgilyNghsNguynVnChc).nginhXunMinhvnldnbiucachDimvl
bcsringcacTngthngDim,nhthnphlLcKinh,ilnhgin,nguyntixcaThngThBiBngon(thnphcaitVit
CngBiTn)quayvphcvchonhNg.
ChtchHvintrongnhimkulngNguynBLng.ngkhngphilngiCnggionhngchaingThiuvThngmuachuccc
DnbiukhcsptbuvochcChtchHvinvnglngi"baphi",dthunphcmlithchdanhv.Vli,lcmicmquyn,ng
ThiuthyrngTngthnglCnggio,ChtchThngvinlCnggionnThiutNguynBLngnguHvincthlm
btlliumuscCnggiocachnhquyn.ycngchlmtthonnidicathiNhtCngHavimtngNguynNgcTh(khng
Cnggio)canhemngDimctnhchogichcvPhTngthnglmnhcithctrrnglTngthngCnggio,ccngChtch
QuchithayphinnhaunhTrnVnLm,PhmVnNhu,TrngVnhLulCnggio,cvnchnhtrNgnhNhuvcgianhcm
quyncnglCnggio.
NhngngNguynBLngchgichcChtchHvinnhimkumthi.Quannhimkhai,khitnhhnhchintranhvchnhtrtrnn
trmtrngcthedavtrlnho,thThiuphilynhngbinphpctikimsotLngvinchtchhn.Vvcnsnghcng
khaicanhchnynnngThiuvnngchcChtchHvinvotayngNguynBCn,nguynlPhTnhtrngnhTng,vcng
lmtthuchcaHunhVnCaothiCaocnlTlnhvngIV.
522/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lmtthuchcaHunhVnCaothiCaocnlTlnhvngIV.
VimtQuchinmtrongtayasngiCnggiovngicachDimangcuktviThiunhth,ttcccdlutthtnhntmnh
LutBoCh,LutUQuyn,vichphinhacucbucTngthngcdin...ucddngvmauchngthngqua.lkhngni
nnhnghstcothamnhng,lngquynbQuchidpbtrcscngphncanhndnvchtrchgaygtcabochnhccnht
boBtThp,inTn,DnTc...
ThnhphnnhnsCnggiovthucchDimckhngchnmchcvlnhokhuynhlotngnhLpphp,mquantrnghn,cnc
trongngnhHnhphp:BtrngcTrchLinLcQucHinmtrongtayngCaoVnTng,mtngitrungthnhvinhNgtngc
ngNgnhNhucholmNhtPhChtchQucHithiNhtCngHa.
BNgoiGiaothdoccngTrnChnhThnh,TrnVnLmhayVngVnBcthayphinnhaucmumngThnhvngLmaicngbit
lthuchnhNgc.BNgoigiaolmtbphtrchvicvnngquct,tranhthdlunthgiiymtrVitNamCngHa,nhtltrong
giaionphithngthuytviHNivMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.Nhngnhnlidvngtathyccnhngoigiaocachngtachcoisinh
mngqucgialtra.ngTrnVnLmiphhitiParisthchvnhvanglplilituynb"Habnhtrngthycuinghm"ca
Kissingermthi,mcdunhngiukinhabnhchgipmcachoCngSnddngtnchimminNam.CnngVngVnBcmi
lngichcBtrngNgoigiaoctthngvivchovconxutngoiancncngoivthnhthongmnccngduithm.Hu
canglkhicbin,ngcthtrnthotddngkhngbnbuthnhi.Cihunilnrrngvicngbitlochogianhtrckhilocho
mtquhngmngbitnhlvngsprng.
BThngTindnhinphichongNgKhcTnh,hctrccaGimmcNgnhThcvlcuDnbiugianthiNhtCngHa.
Nhngkhistrngihc,trunghc,strngkthutcHoaKvccncngminhgiatngvintrthngThiubnhonchuynng
NgKhcTnhquanmBGioDccthkimsotlclnggiochcvthanhninsinhvin,vnllclngtinphonglunlunddng
nilon.ngTnhcuytniphvilptrthckhoabng,ngThiucmtphtcngkhoabnggipTnhvdnhinvphtnyphi
lmttnCnggiogcHu,thntnvichc:ngBiXunBo.
CvncbitcaTngthngDim,riTngtrngKhochvPhttrinKinhttrongmynmcuicaVitNamCngHalconchinmo
NguynTinHng,ngitrckhiquytnhhptcvingThiuphiithnhmtLinhmc(xem"HSMtDinhcLp"),mtnhnti
"himc"vclnniviTngthngThiurngmttrongnhngldochnhlmchoHNiquyttmchinhphcminNamlvminBcbct
mtnguncungcplagotminNamnm1954.
Tuynhin,ngThiubitrngLpphp,HnhphphayTphptrongmtminNamchintranhvtrongmtchdoMiungvncha
cngcquynlcmchnhQunimilthnhtchnhquytnhscmnhcakcmquyn.Hnaiht,ngThiubitrvaitrcaqun
itrongnhngbincchnhtr,cnghnaihtngThiubitrscnthitphiCnggiohaqunimihonttccikhcvilc
lngCnggioanghunghngsngdytiminNam.MtrongmtchcticamtqucgiaangcchintranhnhVitNam,thsc
mnhcaqunihunhnmtrongtaymtsTng,Tcaocp,chonnchnhthnhphnnhnslnhoqunlcVNCHlthnhphnm
ThiuvkhiCnggiothahipchtchvlubnnht.
Trcht,ThiudnxpchongCaoVnVingichcTngThammutrngvngithntncaVinlngngVnKhuynthvalTng
ThammuphvalTngCctrngTngCcTipVn.VinlthnhphntrungthnhtuytiviTngthngDim,vVinltaychnclc
cabNhutrongPhongTroPhNLinic.VincTngthngDimcgichcTlnhNhyDthaythitNguynChnhThisau
cucochnhthtbinm1960mcdVinchamtngytrongbinhchngnyvchmimangcpbcTrungt.TrongmCchmng111
1963,ngVintrlitngDngVnMinhlkhngtheoCchmngmchtunlnhTngthngDimmthi.Vinnmgiphntrngyu
523/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
1963,ngVintrlitngDngVnMinhlkhngtheoCchmngmchtunlnhTngthngDimmthi.Vinnmgiphntrngyu
trongcucchnhlhbtngDngVnMinhvocuithngGingnm1964,vgintipchutrchnhimtrongvichstThiutNhungtitri
NhyDdosquanCnggiochxng.HsqunvcaVinghiynhngcnglaotolntrungthnhvinhNgnncngckhiCng
giotrongqunitnnhimvngh.KhnnivVinqulnghnhvgynhiutaitingnnvtrcaVinbeda,Vinthumnhngmming
livchbittmngunvuiquavictpluynYogatinhhaytraugiihcvnmkhngtmnhiuvovicchhuyquni.clnThiu
nhCaoTrthayVin,nhngplccakhiCnggio,cangianhrutlisNguynVnKiuvcaMqumnhnnVinvnlm
mtthTngThammutrngnhnhchonngytrnqunlcbncrai.
TngCcChinTranhChnhTrviccCctrcthucnhCcTuyny,CcChinTranhTmL,CcAnNinhQuni,iphtthanhvboch
qunithdotngTrnVnTrung,mtngiCnggioPhCamiukhin.Cquannynglphibovtinhthnqunithlitrthnh
mtkhcchocctuynyCnggiotrongquni.HintngnykhnglliunhdithiDimnnngingoitai,nhngccthnh
phnthuccctngiokhcththyrtrvtuybtbnhmkhngdmcngkhainira.
CmuNhangVinlngBinhm,mtsquanCnggiodicvtnglkdiquynHunhVnCao.mlinhmtthitviLinh
mcTrnDu,chnhimboHaBnh,vLinhmccngvingichuginglcurut(mtiquntn)lmqunlboHaBnh,vnmtrong
hthngtnhboctrchvictheodisinhhotbochchonhmThiuQuang.mlmtsquanhontonthiukhnngnhngnhngoan
omcngThiugiaochochcvGimcNhangVin,mtcquanvcngquantrngvddnglmtindnchngtrongmtquc
giaangcchintranh.PhtchomlitHunhVnLang,licnglmtsquanCnggiokhc.
XungthpmtchtccnvaphngvthcsnmqunlccchcvTlnhQunon,SonthnhngtngtCnLaoCng
GiohoctaychncachccngnmphnasmtiubiulNgDu,PhmQucThun,CaoTr,NguynVnMinh(cuTnhtrng
LongXuynthiNhtCngHa,taychncangVnQuang),PhmVnPh(nguynTlnhPhLclngcbitcaLQuangTung),
NguynVnTon(tngchhuyThitgiptncngPhtgiotrongbinc1966),LLan(mttaychnthntncaTngthngDimnncCao
ThDungcaotrongcunLmthnogitmtTngthng).
SauqunilCnhstCngan.BanuvcncngNguynCaoKlmPhTngthngnnThiungchoitTrnVnHai(saukhi
tngLoanbthngtrongbincTtMuThn)lmTngGimc.NhngvngHaithnvingiVitvlilmtsquanlimchnhnn
munnmvngCngan,ThiutTrungtNguynMu(mtngiCnLaoCngGiotngthayngNguynVnngtrongchcvTnhtrng
ThaThinnpPhtgionm1963)nmgichcvPhtngnhCngancbit,mtchcvsinhstdoDngVnHiunmgithi
chDim.Sau,khiPhTngthngkhngphilngKna,ThiubngiaochcTnggimcCnhstCnganchoNguynKhcBnh,
valbconvivThiuvaliccngvinhmCnLaoCngGio(BnhccngtcovingNgnhNhuhnhng"phnlon"ca
tngNguynHuCkhiCxungMThotchcochnhchDimnm1963).
Nhvy,vimtqunicnhngCaoVnVin,ngVnKhuyn,TrnVnTrung,Binhm,HunhVnLang,NgDu,PhmQucThun,
CaoTr,TrnVnMinh,PhmVnPh,NguynVnTon,LLanv.v...nmnhngchcvthenchtvvimtlclngCnganCnhstc
nhngNguynMu,NguynKhcBnh...ThiuvlicmngliCnLaoCngGiobrchvonm1963phxungmtqunlcm
ccthnhphnutvtrongschnhtthnmtuynukhilachkhngphiticcphbthSiGn.
VitnhhnhanninhcnglccngsuythoivtipnichnhschqunshacctnhtrngcachDim,ThiumrngmngliCnggio
rakhpni.ThiucntrngtrnvkhiukhchbnhimccsquanCnLaocticcaphngngPhttnhitThn,itNguyn
HuDutiThaThinvitNguynNgcKhitiNng,haisquansaulhaisquanCnggiocaocpthucLonLinbinhPhngv
TngthngPhcangDimtrc1963,cnitThnltaychncaLinhmcCaoVnLun.
524/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngoicccquancngquync"Cnggioha"dndn,ngThiucnvitaynmlyTngLinonLaoCng,mtsnphmcangNhu
lihulmhuthunchoThiu.TngLinonLaoCngvndongTrnQucBu(nguynyvinTrungngCnlao)gichcchtchvi
mtvphtlNguynBu,ngiCnggioQungBnh.DithiThiu,chnhNguynBumilngithtsiuhnhTngLinonvng
cThiugiaophchonhimvgiaothipviccnghiponHoaKvbmtlinhvicquanCIAM,vicmngButhihnhtthi
ngNhu.Lidngccvxutngoi,ngTrnQucBuchuyntinrancngoimtslngngk,muachovbmtngibitthsang
trngtiThyS.
NhnlitonblclngnhnsnmccavquantrngtiminNamdichThiu,tchcTngthngCngHanTnhtrngTha
Thin,tCcTipVnnBGiodc,tTngLinonnNhangVin,tTlnhSonnChtchQuchi,tBanCvnTicaon
cclindanhtrongThngvin,tCnhstCngannNgoigiao,tNguynCaoThngnngVnQuang,tCaoVnLunnTrnDu,t
NguynBCnnBuDng,...tathyrrngmconmcichnhtrcachcangnlclmsnglicitinhthnctiCnggiotr
cachccanhngThc,Dim,Nhu,Cn.ChnhschtuynchnnhnscadinhcLpvnlyCnggiolmtiuchunutinmCng
gioCnLaocachcthcngtt.
BngmacachDimvnnngtrnsinhhotchnhtrcaminNamiungnhngchicodngmuenlngxngcctrungtm
quynlc.TruynthngctivbotrcagianhhNgvnkhngchdngCnLaotrongqunivngoidnsthcgichduytr
mtchnhschbotrhidnhinc.Nicchkhc,ngDimchtrinhngnhngkthakcang,mngulconchinNguynVn
Thiuvcclinhmcyquynlc,thnhcngtrongvicphchilicixcchtlmbiutngchoch,mtchDimkhngDim,
khngthmmxanccbphndntckhc,khngthmmxannhngbinthinmicatnhhnh.
i vi nhiu ngi Nam Vit Nam, s lng ngi Cng gio Bc nm gi nhng chc v quyn hnh trong qun lc v trong chnh quyn l
ngungccamtsbtmnngk5.
LinhnnhsoiminhngchnhxccatngWestmoreland,mtqundnMkhngquenthuclmvichnhtrngminNam,nilns
trngtrnlliucachnhschCnggiohaminNammicaThiuvdngCnLao.Vdnhin,chnhschthtnhntmqurrng
cngcCngSnHNilukhaithc:
ChnNguynVnThiungubmytaysai,ThcdnmiminNam,qucMnhmvotnhchthunghngqunphitcay,ngthi
cnglchnmtnhnvtCnggiothitlp"MtChnhPhDimMKhngCDim"vilclnghuthunngtincycachltchc
GiohiCngGio...
ViNguynVnThiu,thigianchnmiThcdnmiivobsutchcvthitlpmtchnhquynCnggiothcs...6
Chnhvch"DimkhngDim"mangnngmuscCnggiomnhngtnglnhthnPhtgionhDngVnMinh,NguynChnhThi
phibkthluvongbitx.ngNguynVnThiutchiquytlitkhngchuchotngMinhvncchominnm1970,nhdlun
bochvplccamtsngigcNamkc,cngnhnhchnhuytncachnhmnh,tngMinhmicngThiuchoriBangkokhi
hng.CnivitngNguynChnhThithngThiulnkhiCnLaoCngGiovcngiMuxemngnhmtkctivitnc,
mtithchnhtrnguyhim,nnnhtnhcmnghihngmcdumtsDnbiu,Nghsvbochvnngcanthip.Ngaycvicu
hongBoi,ngikhngcnthamvngvkhngcthlcmnh,nhngvtrongqukhbngDimxemnhkthnndcdlun
nghmingvthmquhngttnhonkt,ngThiuvnhmcvnCnggiotrongdinhcLpnhtnhkhngchuchpthun.
525/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
KthtngiovkthaphnglhaisnphmcthcachDim.Haithitngcqutschsaungy1111963nhngnay
nhchThiusnsngtiptcconngcachc,nnlichisinhvphttrinmnhmmnhngcichtcaccngTrnVn
Vn,NguynCh,vvmustThngTaThchThinMinhlnhngminhchngkhngchicic.Cngkhngchiciclchnhvchnh
schkthmngiminNamphitbcitruynthnglngchtphccahphnnglivinhngtchcringbitnhHiLin
Trng,HiChBoNamVit,NghiponKGiNamVit...vnhiuhiihutngtkhc.
Nhndpny,tixinmmtdungocyxtliquandimphindinvvtrchnhimcangPhmKimVinhkhingnnglilnntng
DngVnMinhvngTrnVnVnlnhngnginnguckthBcNamtrongtcphmNhngBnVCiChtCaVitNamCngHa.
ngDngVnMinh,tnhngngyu,uckthBcNamkhichnhngcmquntrithccgiophiminNamvhtlngphtTng
thngNgnhDim,mtngiminTrung.ngTrnVnVnuckthBcNamkhingtnglnglVnphngchoBcsHTKhanh,
mtnhnvtngiminTrung,BtrngBKinhttrongchnhphTrnTrngKim.NgiNamktbnchtcngnhtrongtruynthngkhng
cuckth,ngaycdithiPhpthuckhiVitNambchialmbak.Trili,ngiNamkphngkhongvhohip,cimvchnhtrc,
nhngvngDimvngiBckdnngiNamkvocithphiphnngtvtrcci"khnngoan"cangiBcmthi.Ticrng
ngPhmKimVinhvmqungbnhvcngDimmqunirngnungilnhoqucgiakhngchuthchinonkt,lidngchnhsch
kthcaitrqucgia,thaicthxydngnichtrngonktdntc(nhccngNguynTngTam,NguynNgcHuy,PhanQuangn,
v.v...ontrchngDim).Nhm"Caravelle",trongcngTrnVnVn,lmttphpthnhphnnhnsBcNamTrungtiubiuchomt
lclngonktdntc,vmuntrnhbynguynvngthathitcaqucdnvichnhquynxydngtncmbnhNggiamcmy
almtdnchngcth.
Vlunimny,xinxemthmtcphm"HChMinh,NgnhDimvMtTrnGiiPhng"catcgiHSKhu,mtngicythm
quynphntchvphphnchnhschkthngiNamcachDim.
o0o
cholclngCnLaoCnggiolmnngctvtinhnhchnhschkthtngiolnkthaphngvncha,chThiucnmun
nidittrngthamnhngvbtcngcagiaiontrc63,vonhngnmcuicachtrongthpnin1970.
Thtvy,saukhinmvngcchnhquynvilclnghuthunstthplkhiCnggiovTngTtrongQuni,nhmThiu,Khim,
Vin,QuangvmtstnglnhtaychncaThiubnbclnvtxeccaanhemnhNgthchinmtnnthamnhngkinhkhngnht
tronglchsVitNam.NnthamnhngcachThiutnboniyBcsHThcNhntiNhaTrangqucmphnphinilon
mualycichtmmui.SaucichtcangianhhngchngthamnhngHThcNhn,nhmSngThncaccnhvnUynThao,Li
Nguyn,HThRuyt,VThNgc,...bnlphithHThcNhn,mongduytrvphttrincaotrochngthamnhngtiminNam,mhnh
ngquytlitutinllcngichurcatilbcsqunyPhmVnLngtNngvoSiGnmchthaiqulunngtrc
tinnhQuchicngkhaitthamnhngtrongch.
NnthamnhngcachThiucnhvitsNguynKhcNgtrnhbyvphphntngiytrongtcphmNhngNgyCui
CngCaVitNamCngHakhinggiNguynVnThiuvtponl"thamquyncv",l"chumnxi",l"Hmln,Hmnh",l"Phn
quc",...TicrngngNguynKhcNgkhngcnchiisuhnvoccaphng,nidnchngthpcbmingphiccciu
526/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
quc",...TicrngngNguynKhcNgkhngcnchiisuhnvoccaphng,nidnchngthpcbmingphiccciu
linhvccnglinhmcthamnhng,vnlcnhtaystnidicachNguynVnThiu.
Sutrnghpinhnhtrongcngntrnghpkhcmtighinhnsauyxindnhbtcchohsccnhvitslngthinvcanm
trongtnglai.
Chuynthnht:Nm1962,ngNguynVnTt,mtCnLaocungtnhnghch(thiPhpthuclmHngb)cngNgnhCncho
lmTnhtrngQungNgi.Ythngcmbatoongnhcngchc,nhxtrng.Ymmulysthaimuvatvacngcadnchng
talctimtathrtpgiatnhlchomuphengring.YthngcolstsctaHnhchnhtrngdnglmcngvin
thnhph,haicmmnhcatrntthphidii,cntnhnnoctringthphibnchochnhphvigitngtrng.Riyln
locngqugiplinhmcNgoan,chasti,dngmtnginhthtolntrnst.
Nm1963,nhNgblt,tiQungNgicphongtrotCnLao,tnhtrngNguynVnTtbbt,chaNgoanphibtrn,vicxyctnh
thphinhch.Nm1964,dnchngnhngLNguynLong,mtnhnstntuititnhnhcanthipcnbthithi.NhngkhiCn
LaocphchidichThiu,gimmcPhmNgcChicanthiptitngCaoTr,TlnhQunonII,plcviTnhtrngLTrung
Tngxpbniv.ChaNgoanlivntiptcxynhthtrcscngphncadnchng,cnNguynVnTtthctrtdo.
CuchuynthhaidokgiWilliamJeanLedererkli,mtilcdchnhsau:
LngPhHathucqunHinctnhQungNamlmtlngPhtgionmcnhmtlngCnggio.MqunHincthstqunHaVang
doThiutHo,churutcaGimmcPhmNgcChilmQuntrng.
LngPhHac1.600mutrtttcthsnxutlahaimanhnctmtcipcchmtcyscungcp.pnynguynthuc
mtvcongiPhptngchodnPhHathu,mminmnngdnPhHaphitrchong1/3slathuhochc.(LTG:taica
dnVitNammpncthlicaringcamtngcoPhplmtcinhc,thmsaukhingcoPhpkhngcnna,dn
PhHavnphitrlachomtnglinhmcVitNam).DnPhHacnphitltchoQunHo,bivnukhngthykhngchodnchlai
ngangquaquncayembntiNng.TuybthitthinhngdnPhHavncnrngchungingymnhngiaokovc
lmshuchcip.NguynlaigiaokokgiangcoPhpvdnPhHal12nm,hthn,cipsthucvdnPhHa.Nhng
qu12nmrimnglinhmcVitNamvnbtdnPhHanpla,nukhngthngtakhapkhngchoncchy.
TilngPhHacmti"CngtcDnvn"McdnchnghtlngcngtcnnVitCngkhngthbnmngvc.iCngtcDn
vnnybngipchodnPhHabngcchmuachohmtcimybmncviunhvinglinhmcmualicip.ThydnPh
HacmybmvtrcscanthipcngquytcangiM,nglinhmcbnglngbnciplichodn.Nucmybmvcipring,
nngdnsclitccao,ckhnnggianhphptcxnngnghipddngbnlavvaytincachnhphkhngsngQunHolm
khdna.ThmdnlngvnkhngquamtnitnQunHothamnhng:lcuqunHonhgimmcPhmNgcChiralnhchovlinh
mcVitNamkhngcbnp,nhngvngiMcanthipmnhmnnPhmNgcChiphichunhngb7.
Tuyvy,nhngkhkhnoanccadnchngPhHakhngphichmdt.WilliamJ.Ledererktthccuchuynbngmtlithany
tuytvng:
Nhngmvicphikodivnhngbntaythamnhngkhngkhip.KhidnlngPhHanngnhngNngNghipxingianhphptcx
vmntinthhbthtvngnonvQunHo,chucaGimmcPhmNgcChi,cmttrcri.Vihngtldomkhngaibitl
527/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vmntinthhbthtvngnonvQunHo,chucaGimmcPhmNgcChi,cmttrcri.Vihngtldomkhngaibitl
ldog,ngnhngtchinguynvngcadnlngPhHa8.
ChuynthbalchuyncheduobinhvthanhnintrnqundchticchoBinHa.
NnobinhvthanhnintrnqundchtrthnhmthimhachoquniVitNamCngHa.Crtnhiunvmqunstcchincp
tiuonchcnlimtii.DichaithiNhcngnhNhtCngHa,nitrnantonnhtchothnhphnobinhvtrnqun
dchlccho.Thnhphnbthpphpntrntrnhyvacbovchcchnvaclmnsinhsngmmithngchcnnp
choccngchasmtstin.
Mthm,mtvQuntrngthucchuthnhBinHamcuchnhqunlngbtccthnhphnbthpphp,nhngkhiBoanvanni
thgpngayphnngcaccvlinhmc.DnvCnggiodnthnhthtrn,chungnhthbonglinhivccvlinhmcchthnch
huycucbphngkhngckhngchoBoAnxmnhpvokhunvinho.Ttnhin,saulithchthchmdacaccng"lnhchaBi
Chu",ngQuntrngchcnbitkoqunv.NhngskintrnycbochSiGnngtirngri.
Khng cn ni th ai cng bit di hai ch Dim vThiu, linh mc v gim mc ti nhiu a phng cn quyn th hn cc vin chc chnh
quyn.Chngnhngth,nhiuchcquynaphngnhTnhtrng,Quntrng,Trngtychlkthahnhngoanngoncaccvlinhmc
oaiquynclinhtngiovquynlivivnguynthqucgiamthi(nhngskinnyrtnhiuschboMnir).
Chuynthtdiycnglmnibtquynuybtkhxmphmcamtlnhchaoenkhcbivnglnhchanylmmalmgingay
kcnthSiGn,kcnTaTnggimmccagiohiCnggio,kcnquynhnhtrungngcadinhcLp.
TingtByHin,qunTnBnhtnhGianh,linhmcinhXunHicaiqunmthongiBcdicvcQuntrngTnBnhngi
CnggiodiclngPhanGiaQunhphcvclc.Nhvy,linhmcHithahlmmalmgitronglnhacang.
Trcht,nginhXunHitmcchnirng"giangsn"bngcchuimtsdnchngkhngCnggiovncngluichungquanhh
oinikhc.DnchngphnutkhiunivichnhquynnhngtingdnkunocthutiTri.Ngidnnokhngdinhithngcho
dnvcahonnhhngro,xspnhca,nmvtrang.ChonngygiangsncainhXunHimrngnmtngicha
vcsxhiQuchThTrangdoicThchNhtThiniukhin,khiinhXunHiralnhchonhsphinhngtaivchachinli
chongthttnhinnhskhngchu,vvlinhmcbnchodnvphphchvntccacsQuchThTrangricuicngchonmlun
vocsxhiny.TuyngchmihmdanhnghnhngbongccangttrctinaycnglmchoicThchNhtThin
hongsphibcha,bcsQuchThTrangtrnvSiGncucuviVinHao.VinHaocngbitkhngccchghnlchgi
nkinviTaHnhchnhtnhGianh,viqunTnBnh.ThnhnglinhmcinhXunHivnvcan,vnbnhchnnhvi,vnvnhvo
lmmtlnhchabongc.Sut6,7thngtribochSiGnsinitheodivngtin,bnhlunvvnyvgilinhmcinhXunHil
mt"hungthn","cqu",nhnginhXunHivntiptclnghnhnocschiaikhimchnhquyn,quni,cngan,cnhst,...unm
trongtaynhmCnLaoCngGio,nhmngichmuntrthPhtgiovlngdn.HintnginhXunHilmsinidlundnchng
ThSiGnGianhmtthi,cbochSiGntritkhaithcnhngsaunylikhngcmt"sgiaCnggio"noghivocctc
phmcah.
Chmtnglinhmcmdmtrngtrncoirchnhquynhunggcmtlclnghnghudohngchchogpli.Timunninv
thnmlmmucpngichaSntrnmmniMQun,VngTu.
528/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nguyntrnmmniny,vngcnhtrthinnhinnhummuthinglinglinhkh,cmtngichaSndomtsctrtrgnhaichcnmtri.
Ni,trckiacnhngbphngdoquniNhtBnxyct,khihvncvquniPhptrli,scbnmuavngmmnixy
mtngicha.
nthiNhCngHa,khiitVDuyTo(hinSanJose,California)lmThtrng,giodnbnxytngbMariangaytrcmttin
cachagncngravo.Vchabnng,vicravochagpkhkhn,scbnmnkinvitaThtrngviclmngangngcca
ngiCnggio.ngThtrngxchoscthngkinvsccgiyttomivngtvgiyphpxyctchattrcli.Nhngkhi
giodnvnngoanc,vntiptcxytngbMaria,hcntphpbiutnhphniThtrng.KhngnhngchgiodnVngTubiu
tnh m c gio dn PhcTuy cng c huy ng n ym tr cho hnh ng bo ngc ca gio dn VngTu. Bin c ny ko di 6
thng,ThtrngVDuyTonghmnhlngikhngtheooCnggiocthbxuyntclbnhvcsc,ngbnmtmtphiboanti
bovbctngbMariaangxyd,mtkhcgiaonivchoHingThxxtx.Hingnycngquytthcthicngl,nhkhigio
dnmichurtlui.
Svicvaknilntnhhunghn,ngoanc,lnghnhcakhingiCnggio.
ChuynthsultrnghpbbinHnChngNhaTrang.HngtrmnmngiPhphvngichobbinHnChngcivthinnhin
mmiucavngtThyDngcttrng.NhngnthiNhCngHa,khiGimmcNguynVnThunqunnhimGiophnNhaTrang,
vvncthlctrongdinhcLpnhnitrckiannngxycttibbinHnChnghaidylukintrcslmGioHongChng
Vin.T,dukhchbnphngvnamthanhntNhaTrangbgiihnkhngcnluiti,vuiangonibibHnChngna.
SvicnitrnchngtngiCnggiolunluntquynlitngiohtrnquynliqucgiamikhihthahiphaynmcquynhnh.
Nhngcuchuynlmquynhnghchcaccvlinhmcvccconchincah,tlngPhHaxaxmnngaytiSiGnGianh,tchim
tchimchancheduobinhqundch,tvtrangchnglilutlcanhncncoithngboch...chlmtalintngthmnci
tnhtrngcngnhvymcnphquthndichDim,hocxahncthk,vcithimcccovlnhLDngthahipvinhau
lmnhclmkhdntcta.
KhngphichnhngnhcchmngnhPhanBiChu,LngAlnnGiaTgiomccnhvitsnhoTrinhNht,PhanKhoang,TCh
iTrng,...cngklitrongnhngtcphmcahnhiuhnhngpbctnccaccngcoPhpvccconchinVitNamthi
Phpthuc.NhnghnhngcaccngcoPhpvnchathmvousovihnhngmmangncChamtcchhunghncacc
nglinhmcdihaichcgil"VitNamCngHa"dohaingTngthngThinChagiolnho.HaiminmdihaichCng
Ha,lngdnVitNam,nhtlngiminTrungvCaoNguyn,phichumtchaibatrng:trngCngSn,trngCnggio,vtrngca
ccngtngtqunphitcmubiNguynVnThiuvnhmKhim,Quang,Vin.ThtlbthnhchoquhngvbaciinnBchha,
HnghavHchalintipgingxungudntcsuttrn100nmtrivcnkodichabitnbaogi!
o0o
Tuchngny,timtvphntchcibnchtDimkhngDimcachThiubngquylutthcnhtcachnhtrminNamlchnh
529/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tuchngny,timtvphntchcibnchtDimkhngDimcachThiubngquylutthcnhtcachnhtrminNamlchnh
cilinhnlclnhoCnLaoCngGiolyutchnhtonnhngivscmnhctnh"DimkhngDim"choch.Bmtheohng
ivlmdngscmnhdnhinphicmtonqunnhngvlinhmcvgiodncchcquyn,lunlunhimiquynthlmni
btthmtnhkthtngiovkthaphngmhthakytchDim.
Nhngnhthvnchatondinnutakhngbtctnhtrngnybngmthintngchnhtrxhihckhc:lkhichrrngxuxav
rrngbtondnvtonqunlnntrclchsthbphnnovnngoancmuimtngrabnhvckhngnhngkhichangcnm
ngayckhimt.
Thtvy,chThiungycngthamnhngvthint.XhiVitNamngycngbnghoisuyi,chonnm1971,khingThiubytrbu
ccdinthuytnvvnmnhminNamkhngcngna.Trchoncnhvtrcskhinhbcacclclngdntc,mtstrthc
CnggiovnnghThiuttrcbnthayilptrng.Btnguntmccmtilictht,hquytnhchmdtnghchvtthi
chngiNguynVnThiucngnhngtngttaysaicaThiu.
TrongstrthcCnggiohimhoitighinhncbNguynPhci(NghstronglindanhMtTricaHunhVnCao),bgiosBi
TuytHng(saunytrthnhphunhncangisHaLantiThiLan),ccngNguynVnHuyn,NguynVnChcvkgiinhTThc
bit hiu l Sc My, C Mn,... Cc linh mcThanh Lng, Nguyn Quang Lm,Trn HuThanh, inh Bnh nh, Nguyn Ngc Hiu, v cc ng
NguynTrn,NghsHongXunTu,DnbiuNguynVnKim,...(khngkccnhnsCnggionhMaiNgcLiu,TrnVnL,LQuang
Lut,TrnTrngSanh,...vnchngNguynVnThiunhtngchngNgnhDim,vcngkhngkccnglinhmcphnchintrongnhm
iDinhaynhmThanhLaoCng).
TibitbNghsicthichngngThiu,vchnhbtrctipnivititrongmtbuixemtrinlmhihoatingTDo.Bnngli
kchcucbuccdincaThiuvkhngngingngniviti:"LngiCnggio,ticngxuhkhithytrongngybuctiSiGn
ch c qun i, cng an v cnh st, v cc ng Cha, b S i bu choThiu, cn nhn dn th ty chay.T y ti chm dt lp trng ng h
Thiu".
TibitbgiosHng(hinHaLan)clptrngchngThiuvchnhbmylnnthmtitinhringvtmsviti:"Lcuv
chngCngmtinghngThiu,nhngbygithtiquchnchngtuytvng".
TrongsnhngngiCnggiochngThiutrny,ccngHuyn,ChcvinhTThcchchngvithitiuccmvnbThiutrth.
ngNguynVnHuyncngkhaituynbchnglicucbuccdincangThiunnngThiulidnghscnhnmnginhTThc
mankhaivnbng(khibngvin)bcblindanhNguynVnHuyntrongcucbucThngvinkba 9.CnNghsNguynVn
ChcthtnglntingtcoCaoTrthamnhngtrcdinnQuchi(tronglcNghsPhmNamSchlnntngCaoVnVin),tic
rngsau,trongcucutranhquantrngvnguyhimhnchngliLutUQuynthnglivngmtlmchoChtchNguynVnHuyn
vccbnngvinbtmnnghing.CdlunchorngngbvvanhvlDnbiuinhXunMinhlmplc,nhngdsaongvngi
thichngThiunnbcnganbtgivothngcuicngcannNhCngHa.
HailinhmcThanhLngvNguynQuangLmthquytlithn.HaingngvohngngbogiichngNguynVnThiubngcchvit
bi,xungngbiutnhcngkchlutbochcaNguynVnThiu,vcngtngnmmiluncayvdicuicaCnhstDchinca
NguynKhcBnh.
LinhmcThanhLngvtiquenbitnhaulungynhngkhngphilbnghu.RinglinhmcNguynQuangLmthlicciduynkng,t
530/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
LinhmcThanhLngvtiquenbitnhaulungynhngkhngphilbnghu.RinglinhmcNguynQuangLmthlicciduynkng,t
haikinghchchngtitrthnhibnthmgiao.NguynsaungyCchmng11163,duytrhakhdntcvnhtlxydngtinh
thnonkttrongqunivnbsuyspnhiutrongchtrc,HingTngLnhbnhimtngTrnTOaivochcvTng
trngThngtindOaitrongqukhlmtphnttrungthnhvingDim.Tuynhin,lidngchcvny,tngOaichophpqunhiu
boxutbn,cbitccboCnLaoCngGiongytrangcngctcbnlmchocconthchnhtrvccngphibtmnphni.
Do,vocuithng12nm1963,HingTngLnhquytnhctchctngOaivbnhimtithaythiphvimttnhtrngchnh
trgil"lmphttdo"saumicuccchmngchngcti.
TrongcuchpboutintipxcvibogiitiBThngTin,tixcquytlichnhschtdongnlunvtdobochcatnch
vinhnggiihntmthivtithiucagiaionchuynihucchmng.Trongkhichimtquychbochmi,BThngTinsiph
quytlitvicctiliuvbochcthithnCng,gyxotrnchnhtrxhihocchngphcchmng.Ringiviccbotngngh
chcthphibngcavnhvin,ccchnhimmunraboliphithnhthtchngtthinchmunsinhhotbochmtcchdnchc
trchnhimvphiitnbo.
Tirathngtngca15tbotheotiuchuntrn,tuynhintXyDngcalinhmcNguynQuangLmvtHnhngcaThngta
ThchTmChu(dongBiAnhTunlmchnhim)chbngca15ngyvtXyDngcluniumamaicucCchmng1111963v
cucutranhcaPhtgio,cntHnhngthlichuynkchCnLao.
TtcccchbouthihnhquytnhcaBThngTinkcboHnhng,trlinhmcNguynQuangLmxinngptitiBara
liphnkhng.ngchotibitkhinocTiCaoPhpVinthngskinBThngTin,ibithngdanhdvvtcht.Titrling:"
Muchahbitsai,nuboXyDngcntiptcnhngluniugychiartngionathtisngcavnhvinvsangrata...".
VncccmvtithamgiacuccchmngltchDim,naybolibtingca,nntlinhmcLmcoitinhkth.T,khi
boXyDngtiphthnhvkoditingytivhu,thnhthonglinhmcLmlichongnhngbixuyntcvbinhmtcchkhng
trctipnhngumchcnhnti.
ChonvothikspdinracucbucTngthngnhimk2(1971),mthmlinhmcLmbtchtnnhti.Saukhichkhchanta,
linhmcLmmli:
"TkhingDimblt,tionhnThiutngvnghrngThiutnglinhncichtcangTngthng.Thtra,thianhemng
Dimcncmquyn,hcoitilthnhphnlinhmctrhcPhpv,cxuhngcptinthintnnhkhngccmtnhvitimticng
khngclinhvih.TingviThiutnglchcrtnhiutilinhngvicsthingDimlmtiukhngnnlm.
"TtrcticinhninhrngThiutngtrongthnhphnchxngvsthiny,nhngdndntiiutrabitThiutngmuncu
mngsngchongDimnhngkhngthnhtrcasnhngkhiustmtrongcchaitngPhmXunChiuvNguynNgcL,haik
tnglcngthncach.TithtlylmnhnnnhmnaytinthmvxinliThiutnghiulmThiutngsutmynmtri".
ThyquanimcangtinbngvvicltchDimnhngcngnhnichngivicsthingDim,tichtthylinh
mcLmctthkhgingmnh.TthngcmnthmgiaochlmtbcnntNguynQuangLmvMumingymitngc
hntrthnhhaingibntrik.
CngtthnhthongnglinthmtilunbnthsvchophbinbngttlntrntrangnhtboXyDngnhnglituynbmti
phtbiutrongcccuctholunchnhtrtinhthTnnhvonhngnm1972,1973.
531/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phtbiutrongcccuctholunchnhtrtinhthTnnhvonhngnm1972,1973.
Hnminmqua,tngylmkluvong,tictheoditintcvlinhmcLmxemngthotkhinccha,nhngthani,ngibnc
tricativnbitvmtn.CuxinTriPhtchongcthotcislngngcthctphiknyhubitrtmstihn,bitrnhng
ngcnothcytithamdcucCchmngltchNgnhDim,vnhtlbitrnguynnhnnokhinminNamrivotay
CngSn.
TrongsnhngnhnvtCnggiochngitponNguynVnThiuthnhmcclinhmcTrnHuThanh,inhBnhnh,NguynHcHiu
lcantrngquytlithnc,mcdhailinhmcThanhvnhtngnghchlcngThiumilncmquyn.
LinhmcinhBnhnhtnglidincholindanhThiuHngtikhuvcTnSaChutrongcucbuccdinnm1971,cnlinhmc
TrnHuThanhtnglgingstitrngChinTranhChnhTrcaquni.NhngrivnmnhminNammingymtnguyhim,tnhhnh
milcmikhncpmtheolinhmcThanhthnguynnhnchnhldotponthamnhngthintcaNguynVnThiugyra.Vutvi
thicuc,ngcngviccngNguynTrn,HongXunTu,NguynVnKim...thnhlpPhongTroNhnDnChngThamNhng.Banlnh
ophongtrotuytiaslngiCnggiovngvincaocpcangiVitmngHThcKl"chtxm"caphongtro.
ChaThanhvitiquennhautnm1949,1950,thicnHu,khingtutinhthDngChaCuTh.clinhmcNguynVnThnhgii
thiuvthytihngsayhotngchogiiphpNgnhDim,linhmcThanhtlngcmphctngvtitrnnbnghu.Bngimt
thigiankhlu,vnhngbincthicucdndpvvtnhhnhtncquaphn,chngtikhngcdpgpnhauchonkhitinghetinng
lnhoPhongTroChngThamNhng.
Linh mcTrn HuThanh qu QungTr, gip gii pha Nam tnh Qung Bnh hai tnh cng mang chung mt s phn iu linh v tai tri ch
nc,vngngiLomahthiutnhngsinhlckinhtcamtvngtnghonn.QungBnh,QungTrlilnhngtnhngungn
snginghchtrongcucchintranhNamBcnnhngchunhngthmhavcngtnkhc,nhngchtchcvtangthngkhngtng
tngc.NhngtrncchinkinhhntiCnTin,KheSanh,CThnhQungTrvtionngQucls1(cncgil"ilkinh
hong")cghivoquns.DngsngBnHichiaiQucCngcngnhdngsngGianhphnchiaranhgiihainhTrnhNguynxa
kiauivolchsdntc,cngnhsaunychinkhuBaLngcangiVitchngnhNg,cngnhnginhthLaVangcnh
Ngtnvinhl"PhoiTinhThnQucGia"ulnhngadanhbitkhcsuvotmtrngidnQungTr.
QungTrkhngcnhngdanhlamthngcnhcbitnhQungBnhnhngsngniQungTrthlichoinhngvnthicadimtnhlm
rincmtnhngngialy:haichu,LvimitnhbbngcanngcngchaHuynTrn,trungnhHvitmsngnngangcamt
nhosinhxNgh,cuiTvitmlngsonstchungthycangisngphngymbngconngichngvlcbngxtrnglu.
Licaingmtmitnhthndngangtrini"CyabnC"bsngLucaQungTrqumalicthlmrungngtmhnnhth
NguynBnhthislulichoinhngvniulmly:"Cliangikhchtnhsangsng.XunnXunibalnmchngkhng
trli.Cnhbthuyn,bli,bdngsng,blithxaccrailychng".(ThcathisNguynBnhcphthnhnhc).
SdtinhcnQungTrvixcngvvngtquhngnytrongthicnisinhranhngnhnvtchnhtrtnglmchaonghingt
nchaynhngnhtuhnhmtntuicghilinghnthu.QungTrcngNguynHuBilmThngThutriu,mtthPhvngtng
lmtaysaichoHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpvThcdnh.QungTrlicLDun,TngbthngCngSnncCngHaXhiCh
NghaVitNamlmcngcchoTamQucT.NhngngcliQungTrcngcnhngbctuhnhocaoctrngnhHaThngThch
TrThvGimmcLHuT.Tntuivsnghipcaccbcchntulnhngtmgngchililichoisau.
532/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrongbuihonghncaVitNamCngHa,t1963trvsau,QungTrlichainhtuhnhvitmBTtvskhaucadntcmx
thntranhu,vssngcncaquhngmnhpthhnhhotphimanghavongi.lThngtaThchThinMinhvlinhmc
TrnHuThanh.Tininhaingvirtnhiucmphc,vdichqunphitthamnhngNguynVnThiu,nhngtngtlnhohu
htucuntheochiugi,unmnhtheolutrngmhngthgiusangnhngtrthcnukhngtrmchnthcngchmamayquaycung,
mlicnhngnhtuhnhdmxngphadnthntranhu.Vtilicngphicpnhaivchntunychnhvlccngnhsauny,h
bnhngktnglmtaysaichoNgnhDimvNguynVnThiuxuyntc,binhvhnhc.
Thtvy,ThngtaThchThinMinhvutranhchotdodnch,chocngbngxhi,chobnhngtngiombhaichctiNg
nhDimvqunphitNguynVnThiubtb,ty.KhiminNamrivotayCngSn,ngnhtnhkhngbncrai,lilnhoMt
TrnCuNguyDnTctiptcchnglichnhquynCngSnnnbbtvbtratnchonchtchkhngchukhutphc.ngchtrim
CngSncnthhnnkhngchongithnvgiohiPhtgiothmvingchnct.ThmtboVnNghTinPhongcaCnLao
CngGiotihingoilihhreomng:"ThchThinMinhnti".Thihnth,phnquccatVnNghTinPhonggymtlnsng
cngphntihingoivlmbtbnhmtnhnchnglchslngVngVVn,vnsau1975vncntrongnc,theodivchngkin
nhnghotngchngchnhquynCngsncaThngtaThchThinMinh,nntrongmtbiksngtrntpchHnhTrnh,ngVn
lntingcangiThngtavlnnthihnthyccatVnNghTinPhong.10
NhngimngnihnhttronghnhngcatboVnNghTinPhong(tboCnLaoCngGioxuyntchunghnnhttihingoivi
hnh"NgTngthngAnhMinh"trangba,vitrnmttrmsbolintcnhphPhtgiovrtnhiungiqucgiachngCngtntui)l
sniditinghipcacitinhthnCnLaoCngGioNgnhDimrancngoi.Tinghipvcitinhthnkhngchiascvinnln
mdntcangchu,khngrungngcvinhngtranhubtkhutmngboangcmbtktchcno,cnhnno,dby
gicxthncuncmnutrongqukhtngchngichNgnhDimthVnNghTinPhongphipxungtnbnnh.T
VnNghTinPhongngngvaitrconttuththmcatponCnLaoCngGiotihingoiltmmichiphtan,phnt
Phtgiolnhtannhntnhngklngdstsonvitquc,ngyxachngctiDimThiunhngynaychngctiCngSn.
Cngvy,linhmcTrnHuThanhlnhoPhongTroNhnDnChngThamNhnglmuntinhkhithachnhquyn,trongschhaxhi
gylinimtinniqunchng,gylisknhnningMinhcngcucchngCnghuhiuhn.ThnhngchngnhngPhongtroca
ChabchnhngiCnggiotychaymcnhncnbchnhnhngngingoxuyntcllmtaysaichoMvlmlichoCngSn.
Raitunm1974,PhongTroChngThamNhngtrcsauchhotngctimtkhuvchnhplvngTnSaChu,thucho
calinhmcinhBnhnh,tiSiGn.PhongtrocngctchcmtcucbiudngtiHuvchcgiodnPhCamnghmtlnri
thi.Ngoira,ttccckhuvcCnggiokhckhpminNamkhngmtninohngngcucutranhcaChaThanh.Banlnhocngra
NhaTrangvtintngvongcuTnhtrngNguynTrn,mtthnhvinlnhocaPhongTro,vihyvngcthlikocnhngngi
CnggioaphnggipPhongtrotchcmtcucxungngrmr.KhngngPhongtrolithtbichuacayvslnhmcagii
CnggioNhathnh.CplnhocaphongtrochgpmtnhmngititrngTrunghcBNinhtraoikinrisautancuckhng
aichuhngngcucvnngc.SdPhongtrothtbitiNhaTrangvgiodnninybGimmcNguynVnThunngmchth
khngcthamgiahotngchoPhongtro.LmsaoGimmcThunlicthchogiodncangchngichnhquynNguynVn
ThiukhimThiuvQuanganglmsnglichDim,nghalanggipGimmcthchinringcamnh.PhongTroChngTham
NhngchngnhngbtonthkhiCnggiotychaylicnbsunglinhmc,trongccvlinhmctntuilHongQunh,lnnphhoi
ch.Sumlin,suvlinhmcthayphinnhaulnitruynhnhbnhvcvcangiThiulnhlnhoqucgialimkhit,cng
quytchngCng,ngthiktnchaThanhlphrihuphng,lmlunglctinhthnbinhsnitintuyn,nghallmlichoCngSn.
533/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
trlinhngxuyntcchorngPhongtrophhoiquni,chaThanhbnvitmtbitrnboHaBnhcangitinhthnhysinhchinu
cabinhsvnuchdanhmtstnglimchnhnhtngNgQuangTrng,NguyncThng,DngVnc,...LinhmcThanhcng
khngqunghitntivothnhphncc"tngsch".
"TngMukhicntingtralmtsquanlimchnhdngavcthddngthamnhng.Vthmkhingvhuri,tntui
vuytncangvncncminginhcn".
ChngnhnglinhmcThanhvitbokhentiltngschtrongmtxhimthamnhngtrthnhmtthngl,ngcnnhlinhmcNguyn
HcHiuvngNguynVnLcnnhmitithamgiahotngchoPhongtro.(Nhngvldoringnntitchinhktrongmt
chngtrc).
Cuinm1974,khiminNamchngbnbvcthmvnhngthngliqunsvchnhtrlintipcaCngSn,vvHoaKcthgii
kt,nntthinchvichnhquyn,Phongtroquytnhnhchhotng.SaungyCngSnchimminNam,hn300linhmcbncra
inhnglinhmcTrnHuThanhvnliqunhvbCngSnbtgiamluytimtlngquBcVit.Tngrngcucutranhy
nghacangvcnhtycccmngphichungdichCngSnscngbovnhtlngocanghnhdinghinh.
aunthay,tronglcngboangthngnhngthchnhnhngtusCnggiosngannhnnihingoilivitbovitschlnnngl
kphnbiqucgia:TrnboVnNghTinPhongs105,dimc"utrmuicp",saukhimamaiThngtaThchTrQuang,linh
mcVnhHotbnkttilinhmcTrnHuThanhnhsau:
"...Ccvsvy,cnccngChathsao?NinccngChalninchnhtngiocatinnticthmnhdnmnimtcchthng
thnkhngsbxuyntcl"nhmbibn"tngiobnna.Trongtngsgn200linhmccachngtitrntMny,tichahthymtv
nolntingnilmnhbboch"nhchtb".Thnghocibalnlatha,mtvitboVitngccpn"ChnTn,KhcT,Trn
HuThanh,TrnTamTnh".HnhngvktquutranhcaccNgithno,thittngngboLnggiotrongvngoincainyu
thyrcri.Mtiukhngmyrrnglcbaonhiukkhenvbchngnongich,nhngmtiuchcchnvxcquytlchah
thymtvgioquynCnggionolntinghoccngkhaitthinghlptrngcaccvc.RingtrnghpcbitcaLinhmc
TrnHuThanhtrongvnutranhchngthamnhngthchngtinhrrngtimtcuchithocacclinhmctuynyhi,chngti
ctrnhcChaLVnn,ctrchtuyny,nhsau:"KnhthacCha,xincChachochngconbittnvhnhngcachaThanhnh
thnochngconcbit,hucthtrlichoccanhemqunnhnmikhihhilcnntheovnghhaykhng".Cutrlicac
Chalrtlxcngnhsau:"QuChabitgilmtvkinthphicphinTa,mcphintathphicchnhn,ngnvb
can,clutsvcngtvin.ngnychcutranhvnhndn,cnttculmh,vbngscthquchanghsao?"Nghecutrli
ycacCha,ttcchngtiucivngmhiuthmcaNgimunnigri.Saucuchithochnyxxo,chkiabntncholb
mtbtmnhsau:"ChaTrnHuThanhcmuachuc100triungvidnglgynncucutranhgilchngthamnhngvc
bitlnhthngvoTngthngNguynVnThiu,nhngchdngdnchngnhmtphngtinhla,oithaythngThiu,ngThiu
phi t chc. l trng k ca bn tay lng l ri. M mun thay th ngThiu nhng khng mun trc tip ra ch th, dng mn u tranh tham
nhngmthi.Nhvy,phnvacholMkhngcanthipvonibvlnibcachnhtrngVitNam,ngkhcMcthchngminh
trcdlunquctlngThiuphitchcvdnbttnnhim,chkhngphilbMhtcng.PhongTroChngThamNhnglichnhl
condothamnhngmra.11
VngvdngliluniucachnhquynThiungyxa,bibocalinhmcHottrnVnNghTinPhongxcnhrthmbaim:
ThnhtlvdanduquchtchvichnhquynThiutrongtilpmtchCnggiotrNgnhDimnn"gioquynCnggioVit
534/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ThnhtlvdanduquchtchvichnhquynThiutrongtilpmtchCnggiotrNgnhDimnn"gioquynCnggioVit
Nam"ngmmingkhngdm"lntinghoccngkhaitthinghlptrng"chngthamnhngcaphongtrodochaThanhlnho,
mtphongtronukhngthchinccmchnhngcangidnmunminNamschvmnhchngCng,thtnhtcngcan
mphibycchntngtilikhngchiciccanhngklnhominNam.
ThhailtnhgioiungoanckhnglmcchnothayiccanhngchcscCnggioqualibnhvcngybin"ttclmhv
bngsc"caChaLVnn.BncotrngsIcaPhongtrocn12,vbunluhahccangianhctchocaThiulNguynXun
NguyncemratcotrcQuchicn,hainginhnguyngascaThiugiatrungtmSiGncn,vbunlu"CiHLong
An"cn,lithtimpm"ctxtranhiu"caThiucn,vnhtlimtcanhndn,ltaicanhndncn...lmsaom"mh,
vbngsc"c!lchaninhngnhnchngsng,nnnhncaThiuhaynglaviThiucngkhailnting.
ThbaldnglicithonchpmbienithmNgnhNhuxoquytsdngtrcchoxngngcitngi"chDim
khngDim"qualuniuPhongtroltaysaicaM.NucbngchngChaThanhnhn100triungsaolc(vnhtlsauny)Thiu
khngtrnhbyra.NuchaThanhl"taysai"caMsaongy3041975MkhngachaThanhimt5ngytrcCIA"bng"Thiui
antonviygiatitinca.ChpmngikhccheducichntngtaysaicaThiu,ccvlinhmclcvchaHotbygibitl
khngthuytphccainhngvnngoanclmvlclngCnggioVitNamlbinchThiuthnhchDimnidimtri.
NhnglituynbcaChancha,bibocamtchaHotcthmvovncha,phiinkhilinhmcCaoVnLun,tngchin
trngcatponCnLaoCngGiotihingoilmiratamithyrthmci"chnhsch"bnhvcThiucahghtmnno.
TronghikBnGingLchStibntiHoaK,linhmcCaoVnLun,vcvnticaocaThiu,vlinhmccThiuhtsctnnhimv
trngvng,vitvPhongTroChngThamNhngnhsau:
... Nhm chng i mnh nht l nhm ca Linh mcTrn HuThanh, thuc Dng Cha CuTh. Vo khong cui nm 1974, ChaThanh lp
PhongTroNhnDnChngThamNhngthintvtchcnhiucucbiutnh.Mthmngchthnngptivxintiktnvomtt
truynnchtrchchnhphngThiulthint,hil,vkugidnchngbiutnhchngi.TitchivbitPhongtronycldoM
xidc.Vtrcmytun,ticbitrngcmtThngNghsthucnhmphnchinngplinhmcTrnHuThanhtiDngCha
CuThvnichuynrtluvingta.LicntinnlchnhMgipchoPhongtrocachaThanhhotng.ngkhc,tikhngchukv
nghrnghnhngcanhmChaThanhchclichoCngSnchkhngcligchoqucgia,vtiniving:"Chuynthamnhngvhi
lkhngphichcVitNammncnotrnthgiicngcc".NhngLinhmcThanhvncvPhongtrochoncng.13
CngthbotrongthonvnghonntrongnidungnhnhngngchaTivivnhngngchatuynytrc1975,tmnmsautihingoi,
ngLunlichpmPhongTroChngThamNhngcaChaThanhldoMiungvchngthamnhng"chclichoCngSnchkhng
cligchoqucgiac".ChkhcllnnyngLunthmmtsyutmi:cnhnchaThanhltaysaicaM(quabui"nichuynrtlu"vi
mt"Thngnghsthucnhmphnchin")vchngthamnhngchclichoCngSnv"ncnotrnthgiicngcthamnhngc".
Thmhaiyutminyvotrongthonchpm,ngLunchchngtthmcibnchtccvsutrtrthccamtngikhngnhng
lvintrngmtvinihcmcnltuscamttngiona.
Trcht,tikhngbitChaThanhcnxinngLunkvotruynnkhngvtinghingscthtcalikliny:aikhngbitngLun
535/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Trcht,tikhngbitChaThanhcnxinngLunkvotruynnkhngvtinghingscthtcalikliny:aikhngbitngLun
lcbygilcvncaThiu(trclcvncangDimvsaunycnlcvncaNguynBCnnhlingklina),chaThanhn
"xin"ngLunktnchngThiuckhcgThngTaTrQuangnxinngNhukvotruynnchngngDim!Nhngcvdnhchuyn
cthtthcvicdavoldoChaThanhgpmtThngnghsMchorngphongtrodo"Mxidc"vtchihptcthqu
thtllunchnhtrcangLunthtlutr.ngThngnghsMtnlgsaongLun8nmsaukhnggimniratihingoi,haylil
mtchuyntngtngkhccangLun.HgpnhauniglmsaongLunbitcnidungbuinichuynmlnnl"Mxidc"...
ngLunmpmnhngskinmkhngcnnosuynghtnhxcthccanchvnghptpmunbinhchaThanh,munlnn
PhongTroChngThamNhngchonhpnhngvinhngvnngcanhm"PhcHiTinhThnNgnhDim"vnhmramtchoThiuang
btuhotngtiHoaKtnhngnmucathpnin80.
Lina,cilunc"nglnnvngchngthamnhng"v"ncnotrnthgiicngc"bnhvcchnhquynThiuchchngtciquan
imxhiphnngvcinhnlchsbcnhccamtngichmunduytrcquynclichomtgiaicpthngtrbclt,dsduytr
(bngttrngthamnhng)cckhotthmsinhlcqucgia,ctothmbtcngkhnkhchodntcvclmchokthlidngkch
ph.KhngbitlchsVitNamtrong100nmThcdnhcdycchongLunbihcvsaodntavnglnutranhchngthamquan
livthcdnbcltkhngkhngbitlchsthgiicmmtchongLunthyrngncnoccti,thamnhng,btcng,nghoil
cCngSndsinhsivlnmnhkhng?Cuba,Nicaragua,Ethiopia,TrungHoa,Angola,PhiLutTn...hchngphilnhngbngchng
xngmucahathamnhngsao?CHongVnChtngdndthhtnglairng:
Nhngnhlnhocti,quanliuphongkin,thamnhng,nhngklnxexungnga,sngxahoagiamtxhiirch,nhngknolng
mct,rirusmbanhsngsablnguynnhngynncchmng.14
NungLunkhngthyciuththttinghipchotrnhlunlcang.Nungthynhngngoancbpmosthtthchcth
giithchthibngcinguynnhnthcsbucngphibnhvcThiuchvThiulnidicaDim,mtchramtloitinh
thnnh"tinhthnCaoVnLun".SgiithchnycvhplhnvngLunchlplimttinlcahnminmtrc,dichDim,
khibNhucngdngmtloiluncnhth(vitrnghpcaPhiLutTn)bochachotnhtrngthamnhngtiVitNamvbd
lunpntri:
NhngPhiLutTnkhngbmttrnchintranhsinhtviVitCngnhVitNam.NnthamnhngcaNgnhNhulmchodnchngxari
chnhquyn.Lmchochnhquynmtuytn,mttnnhim,mtkhnngmktquchclichoCngSn.HungchitrcychnhphDim
tiuditBnhXuyncngvBnhXuynthamnhngbcltnhnnthamnhngbcltcaNgnhNhungynay15.
VcuicnglcilluncinrngchngchnhquynthamnhngthlmlichoCngSn.CngSnVitNammnhtnhngnm1960,1961,
mnhnninm1962ngDimphituynb"Tquclmnguy"vsauphithahipviCngSn.Khngnhngth,chnhvcich
thamnhng"DimkhngDim"saumcnglcCngSncngmnhthm,btchnhquynSiGnphingivophnghptnm1968k
hpcvonm1973.PhongTroChngThamNhngcphtnggn15nmsaukhiMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamraivdnhinchng
dnhdgnchuyn"lmli"choCngSnthmlnmnhc.ngra,chnhvkhngcPhongTroChngThamNhngtnhngnm59,60
chonnchmimnhthm,vquthtnuchnhngnolmlichoCngSnthhnhnglthayvcnmtchtlngtrilmsch
chnhquynthngLunliilmcvnchonhngchthamnhng!
Vounm1975,khiminNamangngtrnbtuytvngvquytnhgiiktcaMvquyttmdtimchintranhcaCng,khichnh
schVitNamHa,tuychlmtbchimccaTngthngNixonchedunhngnhngbvichcviHNitronghipcParis
nhnglilcmayhimhoichongiVitqucgiachnchnhhisinh,thnhngnginhChaThanh,ChaHiukhngnhngbthptc
536/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhnglilcmayhimhoichongiVitqucgiachnchnhhisinh,thnhngnginhChaThanh,ChaHiukhngnhngbthptc
vicclinhmcthnCngtrongnhmiDinmcntchccutranhchungvinhngthnhphnchngCngviltngstsonnhPhanB
Cm(HaHo),TrnQuangVinh(Caoi),NguynVnLc,NgVnK(VNQD)...trongmttchclytnlTrnTuynNhnDnCchMng.
16
NhvychnhThiuvngbnltaysaicaMlmlichothccaMvCngSnnphtcuicng(cMbnglnphicvivs
vngbcchubuchoquaiLoan)chPhongTroChngThamNhngniringvcchotngcangiVitqucgianhmnmlythch
ngnhTrnTuynNhnDnCchMng,ngcli,lnlcnhmphthcthahipMCngcunc,libngCaoVnLunlnn
mtcchxunngvcc.
Sauny,tihingoi,ngThiuthnhnmtcchtrngtro"TiMnplctilmthnythn.llchs"17.ng,llchscamtk
thakchclmtaysaichongoibangvcnhngtusCnggionhGimmcLVnn,linhmcVnhHot,sungChaTiviv
hngtrmngChatuynycngkhaibnhvcvcao.CnngCaoVnLun,dnhin,phivinhdanhThiulnhng"Lnhtanhminh","ng
Thiulmtngitiknhphc,mtngictinhthnqucgiacaovcngquytchngCng.ngThiulmtngiCnggiooc,ch
nhtnocnginhthxeml,vtrckhiinghaingbcngnhauckinh."18vNguynMinhBo,vincuTrungythucLonPhng
VTngthngPhccathiDimphitnvinhchnhquynThiu"lmtchnhquynsngsut,cnhntm,emlinimhnhoanchomttp
thqunchngngo..." 19.Thracthamnhngthint,clmtaysaichoM,cphhoiqucgiamcckinh,cinhthunl
vnoc,sngsutvcnhntm!
NhngphntCnLaoCngGiophivinhdanhvbmlymtTngthngcti,qunphit,thamnhng,phnqucnhNguynVnThiu
vkhngnhngchmanglicquynclichoh,mquantrnghnc,chlchcah,chDimkhngDimmhm
c.
Cngtronglntibnny,toarpnhpnhngvitboVnNghTinPhongtrongchindchxuyntcvbilnhngngithamgiacuc
CchMngltchDim,ngCaoVnLunthmmtonngnvcnhnti.ichorngmtnhnvincaNhaAnNinhQuni
trongdinhcLpbochotibitngDimkhngchu...thngcpTngnnttitcginvtmcchltngDim.
Cbaimngnitronglixuyntcny:
*ThnhtlvbnchthmdanhhmliiukinhamisuynghtnhtoncavLinhmcCnggionynnngCaoVnLunnhnmis
vic,onmiskincngchbngdanhvli.Suybngtarabngngi,nghrngaicngvmingnhchungnhmnhmkhngcnxtn
nhngyutkhccavn.NhngyutquantrnghncichcThiutng(mngLuntngtng)nhnhngkhaumnging
bovngocaticamchu,nhniphnutvtngiotiblngnhc,nhnhnglolngcatikhibithaingDimNhuangthahipvi
CngSn,nhnhngauncatikhinhnngchthnhucbchbciv.v...nhngyut,ngLunlmsaonghncnnkhi
xuyntcngikhc,ngbgiihntrongtmsuynghdanhlinhmncangtamthi.
*ThhailvkhngbitgvitngmnhxuyntcltinnngLunchnhnvomCnLaoCngGionnhbbaoquanhngDimnh
HunhVnCao,LQuangTung,...mtsmmtchiuthngcpnhanhchngsuydinbabi.ngkhngnnkhngbitnbnchtv
qutrnhlinhgiativngDimnhthno(nningLunvitltitheongDimtnm1948chkhngphit6nmtrc,1942),
ngLuncngkhngbitnvtrvuyquyncamtitGimcNhaAnNinhQunitrongmtchctinhchDimthtng
baonhiusaocngphinsvdnhinngLunkhngbittivmtsngchcnbringcangDimnhiuln,ringrhocchung
vinhau,trnhbynhngulovkhuyncongDimmngvnkhngnghe...
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vinhau,trnhbynhngulovkhuyncongDimmngvnkhngnghe...
VkhngbitnnngLuncngliluncidtcamnhtronglcphbngngikhc:AnNinhcadinhcLpkhngthucquynAnNinhQun
i,thlmsaomtnhnvincaNhaticthcmtnghenhngloichuynnhthcangDim.Xuyntcmtcchutrnhth,
ngLunchlmchongikhcthytnhhcpbtnhncamtngimangchcLinhmccamttngioCuThmchhingihivt.
*Cuicnglskinonvnxuyntctichxuthintronglntibntihingoi,20nmsaungy11163.TisaongLunkhnggimvit
ngaytnbnutindnnm1965thtihihuvlmmtngidnthng?Tisaongphiiranhingoi,trongnhngiu
kinkhkhnvsinhhotvlidngsphchicanhmCnLaoCngGio,midmxuyntcvbinhngikhc?
TcchcangLunu,scanmcacc"thnhto"umphirtrhnnhtnhth?trongnc,vitra,ngbitskhngbpc
aivsbnguynrannmiinbygivy.
TheohikCaoVnLunthnm1946,ngtanguynkhivncsthamgiakhngchinchngPhp.Khivnqunh,chngnhngngLun
khngvlilngxaxmcthmvingmmchang,bconrutthtd9nmtrixacch,mchsngccvngTychimng,cm
ugiodnibiutnhtheolnhcaTy.Ngoira,linhmchCaocndmvitschhnhcvuaDuyTn,mtvanhhngdntc,lmchonhiu
nhnsniginvchtrncaLunvossch(xem"HSVuaDuyTn"caHongTrngThc,xutbntiHoaKnm1984).Mtlinh
mcVitgian,phnqucnhthmlilm"quns"chohaiiTngthngCnggiothVitNamCngHathuaCngSnVitNamlnglm
ri!
o0o
Trongsut30nmchintranh,khiCnggiodnhlycquynchngCngvbinmuthunDntcCngSnthnhtranhchpCnggio
CngSn.Minmu,hlmtaysaichoqunivinchinhPhp,tncbquaphnminmgiahthahipviMhuthuncho
gianhhNg,tncbsuynhcminmcuihcuktviqunphitNguynVnThiuvTng,Tthamnhngphchich
Dim,tncrivotayCngSn.
ThnhtchcahlnhthvcThngtaTrQuangtinonttrc:"Hqunphitmcmquynthchlmtaysaichongoibang,h
CnLaomcmquynthchemthnglichoCngSn".Thtvy,minNamtrong10nmcuicngkhngnhngbcaitrbiqunphitmc
biCnLaonanndqunvin,kinhvincaMotvoclcnngqunslnnmttriuqunnhn(vnatriuqunM),c
lcnnkinhtphnthnhgitolmchobmtminNamcvtrph...thmcuicngvntanhngrng,cuncdptrngthochyra
binkhi.
TtcbtutsaubincMuThn,khimnhngthlcCnLaohisinhvqunnhngcivibchtucvonhngvtrlnhoquyt
nh ca nn Nh Cng Ha. Bin c MuThn l mt s tht bi qun s v chnh tr nng n ca MtTrn Gii Phng Min Nam trn chin
trngminNamvemlichonhndnminNammtcucsngtnginnhtrongbanmsau(19691971).NhngbincMuThn
cngkotheobahuqutolnedavnmnhminNam:
Thnht,vphach,HNilidngskitsccaMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamxmnhpthmcccnbchnhtrvccnvchnh
538/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Thnht,vphach,HNilidngskitsccaMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamxmnhpthmcccnbchnhtrvccnvchnh
quynmlyquynlnhotuytitrnchaimtchnhtrlnqunshuchunbTngtncngvonm1977vtlithathnhphn
khngCngSntrongMtTrn.
Thhai,vphangminh,bxcngdnpvmtcucchintranhmnhnghnhnhchtchcvotnphngkhchcamigianh,cng
nhnhngrnntnibntungtrnngph,cnhndnlnchnhquynHoaKumunrtqunkhiminNam,cuhaviHNi
chmdtcuc"chintranhphingha"20kodin5iTngthng.
Thba,vphachnhquynminNammngThiulnginmtonquynlnho,khngbitkhaithcchinthngvscmnhcanhn
dnminNammchbitlthucthmvonglicaMnmchtquynlccamnh.
ChnhhuquthbanymilhuququantrngquytnhbcngotlchscuicngcasphnminNam.VdBcVitcaqunthm
voNam,dMcVitNamHagiikt,msauchinthngMuThnchnhquynminNambittrongschhacculnho,bitonkt
tondnginhlichnhngha,bitcngcthclcnmlychngthchachcminNamrivotayCngSnvomaXun1975.
Khngbittrongschha,khngbitonkt,khngbitcngcthclcnhngngcli,Thiuvphenhmlibitthamnhngthmvinhthn
phgia,bitctithmgichtquynlc,vnhtlbitnhmmtthihnhngschlccaM(ldavoqunkinhvingiiquytchin
tranhbngvlc)nncuicngmirivochicbyoannghitcahamBaL.
Thtvy,chngtahynhnlimtsbincquantrngtonndyxchkmtasmnhminNamtsauTtMuThn:
Ngy31/3/1968,TngthngJohnsonbdlunMchnginntuynbquytnhkhngtingcnhimkthhainavrttngdiuhu
Westmorelandvnc.
Ngy18,20/6/1968,JohnsonvThiugpnhautiHonolunutholunschlchamviCngSn.
Ngy23/6/1968,cnckhnglcaMtiKheSanhbrtb.
Thng11/1968,saukhiccTngthng,ngNixonhasrtdnqunMrakhiVitNam.
Ngy 8/6/1969, Nixon v Nguyn VnThiu gp nhau ti o Midway tha thun v chnh sch Vit Nam Ha v lch trnh rt qun M. Nixon
tuynbrt25.000qunMutinvnc.
Thng2/1971,quniVNCHmcuchnhqunLamSn719nhvoHLonhngbthmbinngn.Son3BBinhgnnhbxatn
vSonDthinchinnhtcaquniminNambthithikhnng.Cctnglnhcngkhailichonhaucnglmnibtkhnngch
huyyukmcaccsquantrchnhim.SautrnLamSn719ny,quniVNCHluidnvthth.
Thng10/1971,NguynVnThiuccnhimkhaiTngthngtrongmtcucbuccdin.KtqucucbucnyttnhincM
ng,nhngcngttnhinlmchochnhquyncngmtchnhngha,mtuytnctronglnngoincvxsonktchnhtrtimin
Namranhiumnhknhchngnhau.
Ngy30thng5nm1972,CngSnmcuctncngquymvrnglnkhpminNam(cnhvnquniPhanNhtNamgil"MaH
539/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy30thng5nm1972,CngSnmcuctncngquymvrnglnkhpminNam(cnhvnquniPhanNhtNamgil"MaH
La").DtinhthnchinucaquniVNCHrtcaovdshisinhcahvbbn,nhngtrntngtncngnycaVitCnglm
chotinhthnqundnhoangmangxaoxuyn.PhnlncctnhQungTr,KontumvBnhLongrivotayCngSn,ringtnhBnhLonghon
tonbclpkhngcntiptbngngbcnavchcthlinlcbngphic.Son5BBinhngLaiKh,milnlinlcviBnh
LonglhnglythithitrnQucl13.Nhiunbtvcncqunsbrtb.CncTngLChndomttiuonBitngQunnggi
vhisinhtthnhngcuicngcngkhnggini,tiuonphitholui.
Ngy27/1/1973,sau5nmmmnhnhctimtrnglnchintrng,hipcParisckkt.Hipcnymcnhinxabbin
giigiahaiminBcNamvchophpqunBcVitcngtiminNam.ngthi,mtphionVitCngvcMtTrnchindinti
TnSnNhtthnhthongidinVitCnglVngGianglilnnVNCHviphmhipcParishochpboquctphbngVitNam
CngHa.UHiQucTKimSotnhChintlit,chringphionHungGiaLilidngdanhnghacayHituyntruynnghcho
VitCng,cnHoaKthchcnhngphnnglyl.
M t tinh thn v kh nng chin u ca qun lc Vit Nam Cng Ha sau khi hip c Paris ra i v trc s ct gim vin tr ca M, ng
NguynTinHng,TngTrngKHochvPhtTrinKinhT,chobitnhsau:
nhhngvicctgimqunvinlnlmtlithnkhnngchinucaqunivtlmsuynhctinhthnkhngc,yutquan
trngnhttrongbtkchintranhno.
...Nhvy,sthtrtlhinnhin.Httinlhtxng,htn.Htxngthmytrmchicmybaysnm,tntinbotrlmmichopho
kchcachqun.Htnthxetng,iphotrthnhnhngtmstnngn,vdng,tncngcanhgc.
Ttrc,thutincaVNCHdavobayutcnbn:lungtnhcalcqun,oanhtc,ymtrchintrng,vhalc.Kttikha
19731974,thutincatavbayutktrncthnilbmthn...21
Cngkttikha,tnhhnhchintranhtrnnkhclithn,tnphnhngnlckinhtxhitinngthn,vyqunlcVitNamCng
Hahontonvthphngngthng.ngbonngthnbrungvnlltkonhauvthnhphtrnhchtchcvtnph.Hng
triungicgil"nnnhnchincuc"timinTrungsnglylttrongchngtrnhtrcp"khaidnlpp"cachnhphdoPhThtng
PhanQuangniukhin.
Ticcthnhph,tnhtrngcngkhnglygsngsahn:vtgileothang,ngbcmtgi,nnthtnghipgiatngyctriungivotnh
trngtngqunbtan,vbinccthtrnthnhnhngtrungtmxotrntrnmtanninhvbnghoitrnmtxhi.MinNamnhmttribom
nmtrongnglamccsinhhotchnhtrtiSiGncngnhcccuctncngcaVitCngvenbinQunkhuThchnhnhngthng
duthmvo.
Trctnhhnhnguyngp,TngthngNguynVnThiulmg?
Saungyccnh"cdin",ngThiutuynb"stchcngynoMngngvintrchoVitNamCngHa",lituynbkhngnhng
phnnhtcchtaysaicamtcnhnmcnlnhngduhiuchuynbinchnhtrcahinghMidwaytrcvvntritthoiqunM
caNixon.unm1974,khiminNamnhngtrnbvcthmvtrcnhngcucutranhchnhtrcanhiugiitiSiGncngnhtrc
nhngtncnghabnhcaHNi,ngThiutuynb"tisnsngrainuvicraicaticthemlihabnhchoVitNam".
540/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NithnhngkhngnhngngThiuvnthamquyncvbmlychcvlnhominNammkhngcmtchnhschchnhtrhaymtsch
lcqunsnocuvntnhthhugivngminNam,ngThiucngtbnhngnguynvng,ngh,yucu,mctiuutranhcacc
onthnhndnvchnhtr:Chnghnnhmrngtrchnhimchnhtrthchinionktdntchutinhnhmtcuccchmngx
hithcsgylinimtinninhndnchnghnnhmicctngio,ngphihnhthnhmt"Qucdnihi"cngcconthchia
xtrchnhimhochnhphngcchcuncvchokththymtminNamonktsnsngnguvihimhaxmlng.Hoc
thcthnvnhnxahn,bmttchcchinkhutiminTy(niclclngdntccaHaHoquytsngmiviCngSn)numtSi
Gnthcnvtiptcchinu...NhngngThiukhngcmtsngkinnongoigiiphpqunsdoMdytgn20nmtrc.Khi
CnggiohuthunvcvnchongThiucngkhngcmtkhochgmilmchngixemngThiuvMmamaytrongmtphngcnh
thicucsaa.CxemvicTrnVnLm,nhnvtthhaicach,khicnhamParistuynb"nhnthynhsngukiang
hm",mtthnhsngdoMvCngSnangtoarpichcladinhndnminNamthcngbitkinthcchnhtrvsvtm
trcnnlncakhiCnggionhthno.
CngnhanhemNgnhDimtrckia,khiCnggiovngThiukhngbitquayvvidntc,khngbitrngscmnhcadntcl
thvkhscbnnhttrongmicucchintranhmqutrnhlchschngttnhvnnngcantrongnhnglcTqucvothvnt
nhtsinh.ngThiuchbitmtconng,mtlihnhx,lhngvngoinhn.Mchonthsng,Mkhngchonnathtavanxin,Mt
chithtatchcbchy.
ChonnsauhamBaL,nm1973,ngThiuiHoaK"vanxin"TngthngNixon.NhngNixoncnlmgckhinhndnvtnc
ngangtannt,phnha,vsuyspvcucchinngdngkhimQuchi,bochvkhiplcMDoThiangtrichtquynhnca
HnhphpvvnVitNamvquantrngnht,khimchnhngvKissingerlhaingichtrngquyttmrtkhiminNamquamtcon
ngathnhTroielHipcBaL,honthnhthchnvctoncuhahonviTrungCng.lchaninvWatergatengycngto
nnmtNixontlitnhcixcvhn.Do,tiHoaK,ngThiuchnhnnhnglicamkthuvnvnhnglituynbgianxocamt
ngTngthngHoaKnitingthonvbtlngmthi.
SauHoaK,ngThiuliiuChuvcbithngvLaM,mttrungtmquynlcchnhtrthgiikhcmcngl"tTHngVng"
cakhiCnggioVitNam.NhngdnhinGioHongPaulVIkhngchongThiuhikin,dlhikinxngtiina.ChcvTng
thngvtcchconchincaThiulmsaocththayicmtnguyntcbtdibtdchcaGiohiLaMlbtkGioHongno,d
thinthaycchu,dthnCnghaykhngthnCng,thngphilovnsinhtncaGiohiLaMtoncuvign800triutntrc.
Nuphihisinhsinhmngca15triudnminNamVitNamkhngCngSnbomcsantonvuytncaGiohiLaMthkhng
ngigmkhnghysinh.HungglptrngcaGioHongPaulVIvvnchintranhVitNamlchbnhvcHNi,chmunchmdt
chintranhdminNamcsnghabnhdichCngSnstmucaHNimPhanNhtNamthtsnghingtrongtcphmTBinh
vHaBnh,khianhutcthitisaotrongcucvingthmutinlcaChu,vGioHongnykhngnVitNamviLoanlhai
qucgiaangbCngSneda,nhtlVitNamctsnggiodnthnhtichu.iuchuaxtvtinhclGioHongPaulVIchng
nhngkhngtipkinngThiunghongmcnchtrchngThiu(xem"BnGingLchS",CaoVnLun,tr.346),dngThiulmtcon
chin ngoan o. Khng tip ngThiu nhng Gio Hong li tip b NguynTh Bnh v ng XunThy, trng phi on Cng Sn ti Ha Hi
Paris.KhimGioHongPaulVIbinVaticanvnhiuGiohiaphngthnhmtgungmychnhtr,ngoigiao,tnhbokhnglgip
HNitinchimminNam(xem"TheLifeandTimesofFrancisCardinalSpeellman"caJohnCooneytrang292293vxem"TheDeclineandFallof
theRomanChurch"caMalachiMartin,trang232)thminNamVitNamphirivotayCngSnBcVitllttnhin.
VliSiGn,dthtbitrongchuynicuvinncngoi,ngThiucngvnkhngthayinglichnhtr,vncsdnggiiphpqun
svchdatheongligiiktchintranhVitNamcaHoaKvchsnmiukhinqucgia.
541/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
unm1975,VitNamCngHanhngnnlunglaytrcgi,minlconkttnghpscmnhcatonquntondnhucunc
ubchnhquynvtnhthlmtlit,cctngiovngphikhngcncchghnltchchotngtheolptrngchnhtrviukin
khnngringcamnh.Nichung,ngoichnhquynThiuvphenhm,cnbnlclnglybnthitiubiunhsau:
Thnht,mtslnhtccngphivtngionhPhanBCm(HaHo),TrnQuangVinh(Caoi),linhmcTrnHuThanhvNguyn
NgcHiu,ThngTaPhpTri,ccngNgVnK,NguynVnLc,XunTngthucVitNamQucDnng,HThRuyt(DuyDn)thnh
lpTrnTuynNhnDnCchMng.MttrnnykugingNguynVnThiutchcvccphelinhchmdtchintranh,giiquytvn
minNambngphngthchabnh.
ThhailsongsongviTrnTuyn,khichnhtrcakhuynhhngPhtgionQuangthnhlpLcLngThBavichtrngHaHp
HaGiiDnTcdotngDngVnMinhvngVVnMucmutmcchthngthoviMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.
LptrngchnhtrcbncaPhtgiolcxychomtncVitNamcchnhschngoigiaotrunglptheokiuMinin,n,NamDng
vngtrongkhiccqucgiaphilinktnhcptrongmtchngtrc.QuannimvchintranhcaPhtgiollclngqucgiathn
MkhngththngnilclngCngSnthnNgaTubnggiiphpquns,mchngcl10nmdiquynngiPhpvichBoi
tncbchiai,10nmdichNgnhDim,CngSnvnlnpthntnhgnhtnngthnnnianhemngDimphibttayvi
CngSncuha.Vkt1963n1974,dgiiphpqunscsdngtiavisthamdcanatriuqunMvnhngkthut
tnphtntinnhtcamticng,phaqucgiavnthtbitrncchnhtrnglnchintrng,qucnilnqucngoi.
ConngduynhtculyminNamlphithotrakhihaicigngkmoannghitcachintranhvsthamdcangoibang.Vgng
kmchintranhtiuditngayssngcncanhndnvtaiminNamkitlcvhaomngngkmngoibangduytrvphttrintnh
trngmuthunkchlitgianhngpheikhngngiVit.
ConngcThngtaThchNhtHnhcngkhaihamtcchminhnhintrongLiKuGiMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamnhnngy
111sauy:
ylnhnglititrctipkuginhngngianhemcatitrongMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.Linytiptheolitikuginhngvlnh
otngio,nhnbn,trthccattcccnc,yucuhtcomimunkodichintranhtrnlnhthVitNamcaMqucvkhi
CngSn.NgyQuckhnh111cgitrtngtrngchoscngtccamingiVittrongchinuchngcTi,trongtinhthnCchMng
vtrongchTQuytcaDnTc,dnhngngiVitnyctrongMtTrnhaykhng.Timongcchikugiscngtccattcnhng
ngiVityunc,mtscngtcrtcnthittrongcuctranhuchoHaBnhvcLpny.Vthnnkhngcldoganhemmtnh
chmgitlnnhau.CnhngngiVitNamtheoMtTrnGiiPhngvhtinchcrngMtTrnangtranhuchonncLpqucgia.Cng
cnhiungiVitNamkhckhngchpnhnMtTrnbivhnghingMtTrncthdndtxsvoconngCngSn.Saulngny
ngycnggiatngbichintranhtiptckodi:HipChngQuccngtiptcgiatngqunivkhgiithMtTrnGiiPhngcngbuc
lnghngdnvkhiCngSnscchngliviMQuc.VvthMtTrncngdtrthnhkhccakhiCngSn.
TichngchnhschMbivchnhschnyviphmchquynVitNam,trctipxenvoschmgitngiVit.
TicngchngnhngmuncakhiCngSndnglngiquccanhngngiVitphcvchothchcah.
NhngtiknhtrngnhngngiVitNamyuncgtrangoimihngthnhthttranhuchoHaBnh,cLpvquynTQuyt
caDnTc.
542/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
caDnTc.
TithitthakuginhngngianhemcatitrongMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamhynhnchncshindincanhngngianhem
mnh,dkhngtrongMtTrnnhngcngyuncnhmnh,angchngCngnhngcngchngchnhschcanhngngiMtiVitNam.
Hangtmmidpmhcththitlpithoi,hptcvthngnhttnc,gtrangoivnthchvmcchchung:st
quytcadntc.Skintrnsgipchodntctatrnhchaiiu:trnhchoMtTrnkhibthaotngbikhiCngSn,vchmdtmt
cchhuhiuscanthipcaHipChngQucvonibVitNam,chmdtsviphmquyntquytcadntc.
SithoivhptcgiaccnhmNamVitNamscktquchcchnlthitlpvbommtnntrunglpchnthtchoNamVit
Nam,dpcminhhngntngiMcngnhtkhiCngSnvthchinHaBnhmdntcVitqukhtkhao.
TicngthitthakugittcchngtasmhnhngnhthnokpthitrnhsedatnphhontontncbiquniMvtrnh
sxmnhpcakhiCngSnvohngngchngta.
ChcshpsccanhngngiVitkhngCngSnvMtTrnlcthdnxsrakhitnhtrnghimnguyny.
Ticunguynchotnhthngcthhingianhngngianhemtrongnc.CunguynchottcngiVitthchintnglaivssng
cncadntcmnhkhngtythucvoHipChngQuc,khngtythucvoLinBangSVithayTrungHoamchtythucvoshptc
cachnhnhngngiVit.(Trch"HoaSenTrongBinLa",Phlc,nbn1966)
thchinconngkhkhnvbomcthphvnhnglthucquchtchcalclngVitCngvokhiCngSnquct,
PhtgioVitNamvndngnscmnhcuicngcaTquc:DntcVitNam!Vimtikhiqunchngngoqushinhng
hyditcachintranhdochaiphagyra,dngdngchaivimuthun"CngSnQucgia",thitthacmmtcucsngTdov
CngbngtrongHabnht30nmnay,PhtgioVitNamnghmtsinhlvkugimtnlccuicng:LyscmnhcaDntcHa
giitranhchpcaqukh,Hagiiccpheinghchtronghinti,vHahpsngtrongHabnhtnglaimmthcchnhtrqucgiac
thlDnchXhiPhilinkt.
SinhlvnlclnhngsngkinchnhtrcovthctphtxuttcishmaymnduynhtmHNivM,khicuktvinhau
quaHipnhBaLkhngthy:quynhshindincamtLcLngThBatrongthtranhchpcahailclngkhclchnhquynVit
NamCngHavMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.
ThballclngCaoivichtrngTrunglpclp,ngngoicuctranhchpQucCng,tuynbbinkhuvcTathnhTyNinh
thnhkhuphichin,yucuccphelinhtntrnghipcBalvbomantonchodnchngtnntiTaThnhTht.
SdCaoicmtchtrngringbitnhthvtkhitncbchiaitheoHipnhGenve1954,giochPhmCngTcchtrng
mtncVitNamHabnhTrunglp(cnggingnhchtrngcaPhtgio).KhingbchnhquynNgnhDimkhngbphitrnquaCao
Minthtrongs12hphiCaoitiminNamVitNam,11hphichngnhngbchtrngchngCngmcnhptcviMtTrnGii
PhngMinNam.ChcnmthphigivtheochnhphbovlyThnhThtCaoivtnkhibkhngb.Skinnygios
DouglasPikephntchrtrongtcphmVietcong.Vthchonnnm1975,trctnhtrngthmbicaVitNamCngHavkhichintranh
gnktthc,CaoimicngkhaitrlptrngthnviMtTrnGiiPhngMinNam.ThtrakhngphiCaoitheoCngSn,nhngv
chDimkhngmrngvngtayonktmchyhvochntngvilithotduynhtlcnhcamincaMtTrnGiiPhng
MinNam(mtcnhcakhngbkthNamBcvkhngbkthtngio)dCaoivnlmtlclngqucgiatngbVitMinhsthiv
huthunchochnhschchngCngcaCuHongBoi.
543/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
huthunchochnhschchngCngcaCuHongBoi.
Cuicng,tht,llclngHaHo,mtlclngmnhmvquytlitchngCng,xutsinhtlngdntc,bmvongnrautctca
changtrongmithithoingincgidn.PhtgioHaHotnidungtngiontritlhnhngulyTnlmkhunthc
chonnhcmtslngqunchngngotiminTy,vmttimlcvtrangvikinhnghimchngCngrthuhiuvthcdng.
Nhngbthnhthay,htchDimlinchThiuthaynhautmcchphnhavlmsuyyuh(kcvictckhgiicaTngon
BoanvonhngthngcuicngcaminNam),chonnkhinhntnhhnhanninhcnglccngnguyngp,hkhngbitlmghnlchnchnh
hngngchunbmtcucutranhchnhtrviCngSnkhigiiphpBaThnhPhncaHipnhBalthnhhnh.
Nhvy,tathyvonhngngycuicngcaVitNamCngHa,cnmkhuynhhngchnhtrrrttiminNamVitNam:
KhuynhhngmqungnngdavongiM(chonphtcht)cachnhquyndokhiCnggiolnhovihyvnghohuynvmt
scanthipbngqunscaMongctnhhnh,hocvmtgiiphpchnhtrchiaminNamthnhhaiphnnhnm1954trcy.
KhuynhhngthaythchnhquynNguynVnThiubngmtchnhquyntrongschcaasccngphi,tinhnhvicchngCng
hochaviCngtrongmttthutranhchnhtrthunlihn.
KhuynhhngthctinvludicaPhtgiotcnbntrnhacBal,hinthctnccngnhtnhhnhquct,nhmvnngton
lcnhndnvbomqucttranhthvcngchabnhhuscsngchungviCngSn.
KhuynhhngxutthchnhtrcaCaoi,ngngoimitranhchpbotonchlc,clpnhngchpnhnhuqucathicuc
duytrssngcncatngioCaoi.
KhuynhhngutranhquytlitviCngSndimthnhthikhc,dcucchintranhchmdtvdminNambindngdihnhthc
nomtiubiullclngHaHo.
Nmkhuynhhng,m4khuynhhngsaucanmvthctnhncschmdtttyucachintranhVitNamnnchtmnhng
phngthutranhchothikhuchin,chiphitondinsinhhotchnhtrcaminNamtrongnhngthngcuicng.Dnnhngngy
mBcqunnhthngmiphngtuynbovcimcuicngcachCngHalSiGn,CaoiclntingnghMtTrnGii
PhngMinNam,thlinghcngchlbngoi,khngphnnhchthcltngvtruynthngchngcticannioTamkPh
.Cngvy,trongnhngngycuicng,dmtTnggimmcNguynVnBnhclntingyucungThiutchc,mtTrnVnLmch
tchcaThngvinCnggiocranghquytlnnngThiu"lmquynthamnhngvchutrchnhimvmithtbi",khngtiubiuc
nidungthcscaLclngCnggioctruynthngcuktvichnhquyntivcquynchngCngvcquynthhng.
Nhng ngoi nm khuynh hng quc gia khng Cng Sn , cn c mt khuynh hng th su ca nhng nhm phn chin, ngy ha v thn
Cng,lidngshnloncatnhhnhvsthiuonktcacclclngtrnrorithotnggipCngSnotthnglimauchng.
l:
NhmcalutsNguynLong.
NhmcabNgBThnh,mttrthcVitNamcngiMtrngvng.
NhmcanisHunhLin.(NisHunhLin,nisMnLavicThchThinChutiPhptheoCngtlurivbPhtgion
544/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NhmcanisHunhLin.(NisHunhLin,nisMnLavicThchThinChutiPhptheoCngtlurivbPhtgion
Quangmthmkhaitr.TiPhp,icThchThinChuramtchngiThngTaThchNhtHnhvngVVni,mtnhnsPht
gio).
NhmiDinca11linhmcphnchinNguynNgcLan,ChnTn,PhanKhcT,NguynHuKhai,v.v...mtrongmythngcuicng,nhm
linhmcnylidngccbuithuytgingticcnhthcngkhaituyntruyncho"ngianhembnkia"khngcnengi,dudimg
na.
NhmThanhLaoCngcalinhmcthnCngTrngBCn.
NgoiracncnhngsinhvinthnCngiltPhttmtiubiulHunhTnMm,NguynHuThixmnhpvonQuanghotng
nhtrngclichoCngSn.
Khnni,nhnghotngphricanhngnhmthnCngvaktrnchbngNguynVnThiudngnhngbinphpcnhstthngthng
ngncnmkhngbtrith,trongkhingThiuligtgaotncngnhngngiqucgiachnging.ngThiuliralnhbtgiammts
chnhkhch,trthcnhNghsThiLngNghim,PhmNamSch,NguynVnChc,ccngHMinhL,TrnThcLinhvmtskgitrong
cnhngnhnvtnitingchngCngnhccngMcThu,LTrn,VBng,inhTThc,TrngCamVnh,NgnhVn...
Nhngrivicphinn!
Ktqutchlytrongcinhntctrmnmtrc,tkhiqunPhpxmlngncta,tkhiccngCogychiarlnggio,tkhingH
ChMinhthnhlpngCngSnngDng,tkhingNgnhDimcMbngvnc,tkhicucCchmng1111963bphnbi,t
khinhmCnLaoCngGiobinchThiuthnhmtchDimkhngDim...bygithnhhnhvittcoannghitcalchsvthngkh
cadntcvonhngngycuicngcamaXunminNam.
m25thng4nm1975,TngthngNguynVnThiuvThtngTrnThinKhimcCIAalnphiccaMtrniiLoan.Ngy28,
itngTngThammutrngcaqunilCaoVnVincngbqunilnlttrnratuchincathtHmiHoaK.Tuynphng
thquanhThv,SiGnnmtrongtmtcxcatrngphoch,mtsphicF5vA37caKhnglcVitNamCngHabayqua
cncUTapaocaMtiThiLan,dnchngthbngbnhauchylonvRchGi,raVngTu,xungCnThtmphnglnhnn.
SphncaVNCHcnhotmgihphiangbtu.ChtinghipchotnggiDngVnMinhvhainhtrthcVVnMuv
NguynVnHuynvncnthngyphilmnhngnnnhncuicngcachCngHachngCng.
Nmgichiungy28thng4nm1975,trongkhitidinhcLptngDngVnMinhlmlnhnchcTngthngthbnngoicnmau
maotxungSiGntronglchaiphicCngSn(lyccaKhngqunVitNamCngHa)bnphth.Vicnylmtinhli
cngthng4nm1945,khichnhphTrnTrngKimramtngbotiHuthtrnnntriCcngchaiphiclbaylnvthxunghai
ci thng rng trn sng Hng. Hai hnh nh lch s thuc hai giai on khc nhau nhng cng mang chung mt ngha: Hai k th ca dn tc
(CngSnvThcdnPhp)ubotrcchophequcgiabitlhskhngchpnhnchoccchnhphqucgiatntikhihbitnm
ctnhhnh.
m,phitrngTnSnNhtbtrngphobnph,vsng29,CngquntinvongoiSiGn,rikhpchtgngkmquanhtonb
lnhaThSiGn,ChLn,Gianhlcmti.
545/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VimtLonDvmtChinonThitGipmqunstnghpkhngn2000ngi,ciquniVNCHhaingnchinslnhng
qunnhncuicng,cmsng24tingnghna,idinvikth30nmtruynkipchoqundnchnhminNamaicnh,aicc
hi,vaicphngtinthtmphngtrnthotrancngoi.
HlnphictrcthngcaMticccaoc,phngxeHondaobngvconcacichyrabnBchng,KhnhHi,NhB,CtLi...Cu
TnAnbgitspvQucls4vminTybttnghnvihngchcngnchicxeloiuditMThovnphCuSn...SiGnr
ritrthithcuicng,dnminNamnhnongvtbayrabin,vngqu,hayngngcnhntncbinlonthayngiich.
Qunitanr,nhndnchmunchmdtchintranh,ccngphitngioqucgiachiar,nhiuphntchngCngbncrait
trctheochngtrnhditncaM,ngminhbtcdgiikt,squnCngSntiminNaml20SonvThSiGnbkha
cht,nnsaumtngyiunhviVitCng,10gisngngy30thng4,tngDngVnMinhtuynbuhng.Baminmtrichng
Cng,baminmtringiqucgiachucnhnixngsngmu,tyminNamvcVitNamssngdichchuynchnhtontr
caCngSnHNi.
Trinitheoonngitnn,gianhtiriSiGnsngngy29thng4,ncncnhBthcgipchomtchictuLCVPxungCn
Gi.TnhctinhBlichailinhmcBnhvQuanangbmtvThiutnhtnhkhngchohainglntu,chonkhitihtlicanthiphai
ngmicthptngtheogianhtixungtuicng.
nCnGigntinnbThitqunlut,tibnkhuynhailinhmcnnnhnhthgipchohaingraivgianhtiqungm
khngcphngtin,nhnghailinhmcvnxinitheovichngti.Snghmsau,nhThiuyNguynHuTr(hinnayLancaster,bang
PensylvaniavanghotngvitngNguynChnhThi)thucchicxeLambrettattcchngticngvngHathuthuynquaG
Cng.LcthuynanglnhnhtrnsngVmLngthgpmtontucaHiqunthngLongAnchyrabin.Bngnhinontungng
livttpquanhsoihmcaHiqunTrungtSntnhchuynaiaii.Nhn,hainglinhmcbnlnmtchictu,trncmt
TrungtBbinhtnBiVnNhn,haiiyTtvang,v5,7binhsnemcaTrungtNhn.Tivbnbuvigianhnnlnsau.Va
thyti,TrungtNhn,ngiCnggioQungBnhrtsnglcrachmttivni:"ngnylThiutngMu,vccngochnhcDim
nnchngtimikhsnhthny.nghyxungngaykhituti,chngtikhngchongitheo.Vchngtikhngiuht,chngtis
lilpchinkhutiptcchinu".TibitngNhnlbbinhkhngcquyngtrnchictucaHiqunc,ticngbitngNhnskhng
litiptcchinu,nhngtini:"LcnymanhcnlmkhdvitisaoanhNhn?"Ritiquayliphahailinhmc,khuynhaingnn
xinngNhnmicntithtrvthuyn.Nhngchmtlcsau,khngbiththolunvinhaunhthnomngNhnbnmititrli
cngi.
SausungymvtbinmcccontilophnvhihnhvtrntuchngcaicmtnimgvvngvnhXimLac,vsauhailnthay
tuvchicLCVPkhngphilthtuibin,chngtinccngSattahip,ThiLan.MtphcHiQunThiLannghetinctinnn
ranvchochnhmcativngaytritnntronglcnhiunhmditnkhcntrcmvnchacphplnb(trongcnhmi
thuyncaitCnhstLCnhVhinTexas).
ntritnnchmimingythtilngicnhtcTaisHoaKtiBangkoklothtciMtrc,nhngcngvvymtib
nhngphntCngGioCnLaotingayHoaThnhnchngph(saunhitNguynBtimibitcskinny)nnbkthnnm
thngmicrai.CnngNhn,lnphngvnutinngtakhngtiuchun,nnchibino,thkhngbaogiiMna,nhngri
sau,nhphionkhctiphngvnnnngtalixininhctiHoaKsau7thngtitritnnThiLan.
Svicnhvy,vinhngnhnchngcnsng(kchaivlinhmc)thmsaukhicunHikVitNamMuLaQuHngTicatirai
546/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Svicnhvy,vinhngnhnchngcnsng(kchaivlinhmc)thmsaukhicunHikVitNamMuLaQuHngTicatirai
(nbn1986),phhavichindchbilcatVnNghTinPhong,ngNhnlingbibpmostht,xuyntctilyngta
clntu.ngtacnvitrng:"Tixinxcnhnmtlnna,tikhnghquenbitThiutngMu,cngchngcthoncnhngi
vingta"dimttahcpyonth:"Thmmtthnhtchlyna"!
KhngbitkhicnhnglivukhngtrngtrncangNhn,ThiuyNguynHuTrvhaiiyTtvangcthyhthnchongi
ngicamnhkhng?VhailinhmcBnhvQuancthynhcnhchongingocamnhkhng?
o0o
VquytnhuhngcatngDngVnMinh,tinghehocccrtnhiuluncvphphntihingoi.Tytrnhhiubit,ty
vtrphntch,vtyngcphphnmmingitrnhbymtcchkhcnhau,nhngtuchungchchailoi:MtloicakhiCnLaoCng
GioctnhnghaDngVnMinhviPhtgiocngmtlnbinhhaikthltngDimcah:DngVnMinhphnquc,Dng
VnMinhhnnht,DngVnMinhthnCng,DngVnMinhngyth,DngVnMinhlkthcaphequcgiachngCng...Loithhaid
dthnvnghimchnhhnvlchscacucchinVitNamchachmdtcngnhmibnchactitlnnnhnnhcahkhchquan
hn.
CngcnginhngPhmKimVinh,mtcusquanxingiingtnm1958vSiGnhcihcvvitbovibthiuTrngT
Phng,thyvnphphnTngDngVnMinhrtphctplmngrtlngtngkhivitvvtngnynnihaibingvithonton
muthunnhau:
Trongtcphm"NhngBnVCiChtCaVNCH",trang157,ngvit:
Lmchnhtrtitvchihoalanthcphpngyth.Nhngnmvnmnhdntcmngyththlchskhngththathc.iu
ngphnnnhnnalngDngVnMinhlmnhcmuqunphccangilnhVNCH.
Nhngtrongbi"SspcaSiGnnm1975",ngtrongtpsanHnVitXunBnhThn(tr.9),cngcngmtitng,ngPhmKimVinh
linhgikhc:
NnthngthnnhnnhncnglaocatngDngVnMinh.NhnggmcngtyThiuKhimtnphtiminNamtrong10nmquathtng
DngVnMinhcuctronghaingyngnngicmquyn.Khngthlanhhngdntcthtrangcngchncconngtrnhs
chtchcchongidnminNam,vtrcsaunglichngCngcaMtiminNamcngslmchominNamrivotayCngSn.
ngPhmKimVinhquthtkhngbittngDngVnMinhuhngqunchl"lmnhcmuqunphccangilnhVNCH"hayhnh
ng"cuvncnhnggThiuKhimtnphtrong10nm...trnhschtchcchongidnminNam"trcmttnhtrngm
tminNamthno"cngsrivotayCngSn".
LicnginhkgiPhpJeanLarteguy,mtkgikcucahaicucchintranhngDngvcmttiminNamtrc,trongvsaukhi
SiGnthtth,thlikhngnhrrngtrongtcphmLAdieuSaigonrngtngDngVnMinhvthtssSiGntrthnhbinmunn
547/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
SiGnthtth,thlikhngnhrrngtrongtcphmLAdieuSaigonrngtngDngVnMinhvthtssSiGntrthnhbinmunn
nhchuuhng.
CngiosShcNguynKhcNgthcnthnmtvllunbngnhngphngphpshcmtcchvtchkhngviktlunngayv
ngkhngchucngnhkhngbnhngplcchnhtrno:
NuDngVnMinhcNguynVnThiu,TrnVnHngnhngchcsmhnthcncthnichuyniunh,chvitnhthny,Vit
Cngnmchcphnthngtrongtay,dghchuiunh.
Thtra,DngVnMinhvphethbacngkhngtinrnghcthnmcquynthcsvkhichnhph"BaThnhPhn"rai,hsbCng
Snchiphingay,nhngngcngnghrngcnnccntt,nuchnhph"Trunglp"raithtrangiqucgiacnctnhiunhhngcn
hnltiptcnhnhaurilibitrnhonton.
ngcnghyvngrngtrongthigianchuyntipny,nhngngikhngCngSnscthigianchunbisngmikhibngnut
nhinCngSnchimcminNam.
ngcnghyvngvithigianchuyntipnynhcmquynminBccththayinglichnhtrhinnaybngcchpdngmtchnh
schmmdohn22.
Vphnti,vncthitheoditcchvhotngcatngDngVnMinh,phcvdiquynng,baophencngngchiaxvui
buntrongnhngbcthngtrmcatnc,licchttmttmhiuthmtnhhnhtncnnkhnggimvcngkhngmunphphn
mchxincmyliringtchiaxtmsvibcnanh,ngimangsmngmaytrinhiu,vbaolnblnhngchicunc
cudn.
Thng4nm1975,tnggiDngVnMinh,ngianhhngRngStvanhhngCchmng1963VitNam,btcdtidintntung
uhngcatnggiPtain,ngianhhngVerdunncPhpvonm1940.CkhcchnglPtainsaukhiuhnggiccnbbtbucphc
vchoqunxmlnghn4nmtri,cnDngVnMinhthsaukhiuhngtrthnhngidntmthngtrongchmicakth,mtk
thvncnglngbomtging.
HnhnguhngcatngDngVnMinhcnggingnhhnhngdngbatnhNamKchoPhphn100nmtrccavquangi
PhanThanhGin,niquhngcatngMinh.DngVnMinhuhngvNguynVnThiulichongmtqucgiathcnglckit,
cnPhanThanhGinuhngvtriunhTcmcr,thgichunghng.Lngyunccthamcantrngcngkhngphithiu,nhng
cbctinnhnlnngihubiuphibtayuhngthicuc:mtvnctnmttcakchnhpvocunglnghnh.
Tuynhin,cPhanThanhGinsaukhiuhngthungcdcmquynsinhhuemtmlngstsonbonnnccntngDngVn
Minhsaukhiuhnglivnchiqunvtvchihoalan,livnthamdcccucbubn,bphiugianlncaCngSnbnhndnch
trch.CaibitcnilngcaDngVnMinhu,nilngcakchgiangemqungvoc,sauphigidngquaichemtk
th.TmscaDngVnMinhckhcnotmscaksngtha,sngmnhcht:
Sngxcthachtcngxngtn,
Cutmsgichimngncbin.
548/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Cutmsgichimngncbin.
ibnggycnhPhanBiChusngnhngngytnbniBnNgnhnnonsngnmtrongtaygicPhpmmultuntro,nhphinu
lnthuyt"PhpVithu"monggigmtmslichoisau.
NichocngthcphichmtmnhDngVnMinhuhngu,nhngkbncraitrchaysaungy30thng4cnglnhngku
hng.KclnstcnhviDngVnMinhmanghoibothayimtcucc,nayphisngxalacquncnglkuhng,cnggitm
schochimngncbin.NhngchimniHonhvcsngLinhxangilmcchimi!
o0o
Tmintxnginhnvquhngxaxmhitnglichuilchs30nmcuncunanngy30/4tangthngthrrngtrcmt
kthbnb,thonlicmthuthunlnnhngCngSnVitNam,vvimtngminhbtnhtvchquannhchnhquynHoaK,
ngiVitminNamcuicngphithuatrnlngri.ngkhngphichvchmnhbnyumchnhvchngta,tonbnhngngiVit
qucgiachngCng,thnhndnhaynmchnhquyn,chcvlnhohaythahnh,trongschhaythint,dnthnhaytrmchn,
chnghaybng...khngbitlmthnoonkttlcthnhmtscmnhtnghpduynht,daicngbitkhngonktthkhng
sngstni!
Nhvy,minNamthtbilvttcchngtachkhngvaiht!
Ktlunkhtkhetuythiuskhcchitlchsnhnglicscnthitchnhtrgiaionhu75tronghngngnhngngiVitNamtihi
ngoi,bngblivtthngca30nmphanhthyxtht,dnhngngiVitNamchaykhngccvngtrvgiiphngquangphc
tnc.
Trcht,thiuskhcchitlchsvktkhitncbquaphnvonm1954xcnhrrngthnhhaithinghchalchnhtr,thti
minNamkhngphiaicngcthonkttlcnggpvovicquntrqucgiadtmnguynctha.HaichgilCngHadohai
ngtngthngCnggioNgnhDimvNguynVnThiulnhochpciscmnhduynhtcannCngHalyutnhdnch,
chptctidlctigianhtrhayctiqunphit,thuquynlcvmtnhmbngdinhcLpthhilmsaotondnon
ktbygibttondnchiastrchnhimthttrnc.HunggngsauhaivTngthnglillclngchnhtrCnggioVit
Nam,lclngcquyntchcvcquyniukhincngcucchngCngcuicngphithuaCng.lbihccamibihclch
strong20nmcaminNammNhtLinhNguynTngTamthngthittrntrilichochngtavogiphtlai.
NhngtuythiuskhcchitlchsmvncnthittronggiaionphchichnhtrcamtcngngVitNamlyhng,tngtrotnca
qukh,gcbmihnthphenhmvmimuthunbphi,cngonkttlcgiiquytcivnnnauthnghinticadntc.Cho
nntachchaithi:hoclltxcqunmuthunhnthclmlitu,hoclnghimchnhmxqukhlytnhngbihc
ngdngchotnglai.Chaithiucgitrnggplnlaochovicquangphctnc.
Nhngaunthay,tihingoilicmtthithbacatndCnLaoCngGio:thibimcqukhphntsonktcnthit
bngcchbpmolchs,xuyntcPhtgio,lichongyCchmng1/11/1963mcuicnglramtchocTngthngNgnh
549/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
bngcchbpmolchs,xuyntcPhtgio,lichongyCchmng1/11/1963mcuicnglramtchocTngthngNgnh
Dim,vchytichotponCnLaoCngGio.
Chonnlidngtmtrnggiaongcamtcucii,lidngsthiuvngnhngtiliuvnhnchnglchs,vnhtllidngtnhtrng
yukmcaccthnhphndntckhc(tnglnnnhncah)khibbnggcemnmtxlhkhc,tndCnLaoCngGio
tungramtchindchxuyntc,vukhng,hnhcnhngnnnhnnhngcnglnhngngibtkhuttngchngih.
Chindchnmdichiubi"phntchlchs"tmhiuldovsao"mtnc"vnhmvobaitngvibamcchrrt:
TrctipvccnhtlnhgiPhtgio,chorngchnhlclngPhtgiolCngSn,chnghtDimnThiunnlnguynnhn
chnhansspcaVitNamCngHa.
CngthmhimnhnghcphnlxuyntcvbinhgitrcangyCchmng1/11/1963viluniuhnhccnhnmtstnglnhv
lnhtmtsngphi.
Vnhmthlun,mcchthbalvinhdanhNgTngthngvCnLaoCngGiochorng"nuCcnthnckhngmt".
Bngnhngtngbivhcptrnmtsbohngtun,mngichutrchnhimnukhngCnggiothcngCnLaobngnhngbi
phntchhoamvrnrngmtcginukhnglLinhmcthcnglloi"sgia"hoiNgbngnhngtchc,nhngbuicuhn,nhng
buitruynhnh,nhnglnknim...htrngtrntinhnhbamcchtrn,khngphi"phntchlchs",khngphionkt,cng
khngphicunckhngphichngCng,khngphixydngcngng,cngkhngphichiaxauthngcadntc.Hch
nhmmtmcchduynht:CHEDUTILMTAYSAICHONGOIBANGvNGUTRANGBNCHTPHIDNTCcaCnggioVitNam
trongsuthn100nmqua.Dtilmtaysaithucvqukhvbnchtphidntccthbincinuhmun.Vddntclun
lunsnsngmrngvngtaythathvonktnhvnuhbitthtsmngcbalnlngthinnhnticamnh.tbungdao
lthnhPhtkiam!
Ts48vothngGingnm1978chonbygi,tunboVnNghTinPhonglintc,cngkhai,giatngxuyntcvbinhPhtgio,
hnhcvnhphcnhnllclngqucgiachngCng(nhViTn,NguynNgcHuy,ThngTaThchThinMinh,VVni,Nht
Tin,NguynSa,inhThchBch,...),vinhdanhvsuytnNgnhDimvCnLao.Tbo(doNguynThanhHong,mtcungvinCn
Lao,taysaiclccaNgnhNhu)lcontttinphongvhunghncahnmachNgnhDimcngnhlcnhtaynidica100nm
CnggioVitNamtihingoi.RiCaoThDung,NgnhLuyn,CaoVnLun,NguynPhng,NguynMinhBo,TrngCngCu,Phm
QucThun,HNhChi,CaoXunV,NgTrngHiu,NguynTrn,VnhHot,NguynVnChc...ttptronghayngoicitchcgil
"PhcHiTinhThnNgnhDim"hingoilmsnglimttriuichnhtrblchsvilp.
Trongcngtcphcsinh,hkhngccchnokhchnlxuyntclchsvbinhcclclngdntc.Hcngkhngcncchnokhc
hnvivih,LchsvDntclmsaobnggiohiLaMvDnChac.
Nhtinitrn,mttrongnhngtithenchthvnvngngaral"khngcCthminNambmt"mtichngminhlnhng
luniusailmtrongchngnyri.Sailmthnhtl"khngcC"nhngchNhCngHacaNguynVnThiuvnrc"C"vngi
trongminhchqucgia,mivtrquantrngcachnhquynvmisinhhotsngchtcaminNamttaminNamnsp.Sai
lmthhailnhnghuqutchicach"C"tthiNhtCngHanngnnnilmsuyspminNamtnhngnmucathp
nin60chkhngiphingiaion70,khimchcngmnhthmvngminhcngsuyyuthm.
550/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Diytixintrnhbythmquanimcabanhnchngvnhnghuqunomch"DimkhngDim"caNguynVnThiuyVit
NamCngHanchcht.
TrchtlbinghincucakgilothnhRobertShaplen,ngibnthncabcsTrnKimTuyn,mtnhnvtbitrmtcchchcchn
tnhhnhminNamhnttcnhmchnhtrgiahaycnbCnLaoCngGio.DichNhCngHa,milntcgiTheLostRevolution
nSiGnlngthngngpbcsTuynvtitholunvtnhhnhVitNam.ngthngthnnivitirngdngquenbitrt
nhiungiVitNammigii,nhngngchornghainginmvngtnhhnhVitNamvnhnsVitNamhnclbcsTuynvti.
ClnngnhtigiithiuvilinhmcNguynHcHiungcphngvnvPhongTroChngThamNhng.nglmchotingc
nhinthchthvbitclinhmcHiultivlcbygilinhmcHiucbaogiramtu,vnhtigiithiucnglitihnvlmsao
ngbitctiquenthnvichaThanhvquensvichaHiunhgiithiu.Nhngchnhiungcnhinthbamilmtithchthviu
tra"PhongTroChngThamNhng"mnglikhngphngvnchaThanh,ChtchcaPhongTro.nggiithch"NgnhNhumilnhlnh
othtscaminNamchkhngphiNgnhDim,chonnchnh"EminenceGrise"NguynHcHiunmnhngbncaPhongTroch
khngphilinhmcThanh,chnmvaibiutng".SaulinhmcHiu,ngcnnhtigiithiuviThngTaHuynQuang,Tngthkca
GiohiPhtgio,ngbitthmquanimcaPhtgiovphongtrocachaThanhvnmangmuscCnggio.MaXunnm1985,b
tcthmchokinthccamnhvmtvngtmngtngnghincu,RobertShaplenliduhnhquaVitNamgn4thng,tvngbingii
HoaVitvontnSiGniutravchchnghaxhiVitNam.KhivtiHoaKngaramttngtrnhrtdinghaiktrn
tpsanLifevchcgiDouglasPikegiithiunhmtcuciutracgitrvVitNamtrongnguytsanIndochinaChronology(Berkeley,
California).
Vililmviccntrng,rtrovclngtmchcnghip,nm1972,RobertShaplenvitbiTheCultOfDiemtruytmbnchtcann
NhCngHavhichiusphnminNamnungDimkhngblt.
Volcngknm1970,ctmtchonhaingnngi,kcvcaTngthngThiu,xuthintihaingimvbincnycxemnh
nhduchnhthcsphchichDimtiNamVitNam.
NhngcuctrnhdinllcnhndanhDimnylmtsbiuhinvnhngthayitmlvchnhtrxyratiVitNam10nmsaukhingta
cht...Nhngcuctrnhdinny,vinhngnnghacthVitNam,ctnhcchbiutngvnilnmtstriuchng...Trnbmt,chng
tngtrngchokhuynhhngtnhincaconngibaogicngnhnthyqukhthdchuhnhinti...nhngiukhnghnngcho
mingiVitNam,vnutalixaranhnlihnhnhcaDimdimtnhsnglchsrnglnhnthbctranhtrthnhphctphn
nhiu.
cnhngchngliuchobitrngtrckhiccucochnh,chnhphSiGnvMTGPtinhnhnhngnlcthahipvinhau.Nhng
nlcnycthskhnginuvchintranhsvntiptcdmtmcnhhn.Nhngdmcnhhaydthahipchnhtrct
c,ngayctrckhiHNihontonkhngchMtTrn,thNamVitNamcngsrivomthnhthcthngtrcaCngSn...
Nhnlibicnhcanm1963vittcsbtlngcaqukhvhinti,huhtmingiMvVitNammtinichuyntrongsut9
nmquaucngnhti,tinrngcucochnhlmtchuyncnthitvkhngthtrnhcvbnchtbtdungcannctiNgnh
Dim,dnglnnthachtchoDimvNhu,nhtlDim...
Tuynhin,trchttacnphinulnmtsnhnxttPhongtrolmsngliDimvongbicnhcan.ChnhThiu,ngitncng
dinhGiaLongkhicnlmtSontrngtiminng,ctnhvkholophtngranhngyutmimlmchodnchngtrlich
551/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
dinhGiaLongkhicnlmtSontrngtiminng,ctnhvkholophtngranhngyutmimlmchodnchngtrlich
nDim.TrongcngvngilnhonnNhCngHatipninnNhtcaDim,vvitcchlmttnCnggio,dchl"o
theo"chkhngphi"odng",ThiucgngbtchcdngiuvphngcchcaDim,cngngycngbtchctheonhnghnhthc
vllccachc.HuhtnhngngithcscachDim,mtrongcngitchcchuthunchoThiuvkhngcncchno
khchn,thmtcchringttraphtvThiudmkhocchicocaDim...
DtnhnlgingDimvdThiucringtnghnhthnovvtrcangtatrongginglchsthtrongqukhThiucngchngtng
takhngthnogingcDimvtnhthiuttin,mcdugny,trongcucccTngthngcdinvothng10vaqua,Thiutra
xutscvttin.ngthi,chngtthinchhabnh,ThiutuynbstchcliumvibntnhcaDim,Dimskhngbaogi
nghti.NgoancvkiuhnhsngnchnDimlmiu,vDimsngtrnquanimocmchorngmnhlvlnhtchnhngv
c thm quyn ca nc Vit Nam. Hnh ng min cng "t chc" ca Dim trong cuc o chnh ch l s u hng ca mt k n nc
ngcng.
KhacnhquantrnghncaphongtrolmsngliDimphtxuttcmtnhvsknhtrngivingta,chkhngphiivibNhuvba
ngianhemkia,hayivingivbongc(tyranical)caNhuhinangsngti,mvonhngngycuicngcachnhhng
Dimmnhmhnbtkai.
MtngilmvicmtthitviDimtrongnhiunmnhngcuicngnhphiquaylichngiDimnirng"StngnhDimcha
cnglithnhmtcigchcchndanglanrngratt.Phongtronygmcnhiuthnhphnvinhiuldophctpkhcnhau...H
gmnhnglnhtCnggiothcuvmtvingvinccngphiqucgiac..."
QutrnhvphngcchDimlncmquyncnctmttythtamicthnhgiccitcchTngthngrt"dnchiphmu"
(paternalistic)cangta,cngnhtisaovnhthnongtablt,vtisaohnhnhcangtacnkodichonngynay.Dimsinhti
Hungy3/1/1901,nhngtrivinhngiungtatuynbvinhiungiTyphng,kcnichuynvititrongbuigpgdi6tingng
hnm1962,tphcangtakhngthucdngdiquynqutthkth16.HnhnhDimmunngiTyphngtinngtathucgianh
qutcnhngnhngvhuducaccvHongVitNamququytvitirngtrongkhichacaDimlmtPhthncaocpcavua
ThnhThitiHuthngnicaDimchlmtnginhcnhqu(fishermanpaysant)chkhngphilmtnhos.GianhhNgtheo
ovothkth17.utin,Dimmuntrthnhmttus,nhngkhingtabcucvkhngchuninhnggiolutkhtkheththnphv
bnbngtathuytphcngvohcQuchcHu,rithivotrngHuBralmquan.Saukhittnghip,DimcbnhimlmTri
huynriTunph...
NhngnlccaDimnhmthuytphcngiPhpcicchlngmcbtchi.DoDimmuntchc,nhngthnphvbnblikhuyn
ngnnclivDimhnhxthnhcngnnivonm1933,cthnglnchcThngthBLitrongchnhphcavtnHong
Boitrtui.LcDim32tuivBoimi18.
...Vothng9nm1945,DimbcnbVitMinhbtgnHu.Saukhibgiamvithngtrongrng,DimbtriuhivHNivothng2nm
1946gpHChMinh.HxinlichothuchgitKhinmngoivyucuDimliHNilmvic,nhngvHkhngnitrchnhim
rrngnnDimtchi.Tuyvy,HchophpDimrai,vDimbtutchcnhngcschngCngnhngcngngycngbclptrnc
haimtchnhtrlntinhthn.KhiVitMinhbtuphtngchintranhchngPhpvothng12nm1946,DimvsngvingianhlGim
mcThcgnSiGn.Khongnm19471948,DimhahonvingiPhpnchulmtrunggiangiaPhpvBoiangHngKng
mivvuanyvlmQuctrngxNamK...
Vothng6nm1954,trongkhihinghGenveangtinhnhchmdtchintranh,DimcBoitnphonglmThtng.Tibuil
552/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Vothng6nm1954,trongkhihinghGenveangtinhnhchmdtchintranh,DimcBoitnphonglmThtng.Tibuil
tnphongCannes,DimthtrncunKinhthnhskhngbaogiphnbiBoi.
MingiuhiurngDimcHoaThnhnchnvochcvny,NgoitrngDulles,ngichthnphtrchemMvothaythPhp,
chpthunDimvbnhhngcaHngYSpellman,mttrongnhngngibnMcaDim...
KhiDimtrvSiGnvongy25thng6nm1954,itphitrngvdinhNorodomtrongmtchicxephmnknmt,Dimvnkhngmti
ciquannimphongkinchcnchmbygiliclngthmvomtslthuytvdnchTyphng.Tonbquanimcaitrqucgiaca
DimlmtquannimNhogiochtchvkinhin.Ngoisnhnmnhnhngctnhvcungcchoc,trongmtbivitnhan"Pht
trinDnchtiVitNam"cvittrckhilncmquyn,Dimcpn"sthnbcachnhph"nhlmt"nguyntccbn".Dim
giithchrng"vquantotrongtcchchnhthcphihnhxvicungcchnhangthamdmtnghiltngio".Kcmquyndophi
c"knhtrngmtcchthingling"nhl"ktrunggiangiaNgivTrianglmlcngbivy".Do,takhngngcnhinkhithyDim,
visgipcnglccngnhiucaNhu,chiudisthnthnhhacnhncangtatiNamVitNam,vchnhsthnthnhhany
kodichonngynay...
NhcimlnnhtcaHinphp1956lnhng"cquyn"quynhtrongchngcuicngchophpvTngthngqunhiuquynlcmngay
cvTngCaoyPhphaychangyxacngkhngc.TrongkhiHinphpccpnvnnhnquyn,nhngvDimcquyncaitr
bngsclut"mtcchnhTri"(divineright)lmchoDimtinrngngtaxngngnhnlnhThinMnh.
KhuytimkhccaHinphpmchnhNhuphichutrchnhimlavoHinphpchvthuytNhnV,mtchnghathnb(mystique)
trnlnnhngttngngphngvTyphng...NbaogmttngcaCnggioPhpvmtvikhacnhcaCcgiocngnh
KhnggiovMcXt...
NhPentagonPapersvnhiusliukhcphtgicra,tnhhnhVitNamsaucucbinhbin1960ittnhtrngxuxantit.Cng
ngyNhucngbthmtrongthgiitcaotihoangtng(melogamaniac)cangtavcuicngcgngthahipringviHNi
nucnstmnhltchnhanhmnh.Dimrivotnhtrngcmtlchnngtml(phychologicalshock)vtrthnhhontonbt
ng.DimccnhcorngchindchnpPhtgiocaNhuvothng8nm1963chcthchucthmtihachochnhquynnhng
khiDimcthuytphcthngthovicplnhoPhtgiothNhuvicanthipthayiquytnhcaDimvtinhnhvictncng
chachin.
Chn10nhmmmuthchinchnhbinnhngtutrungthgmbatchcchnh:
TchcdoitMuvitPhmNgcTho,TngThanhtrachngtrnhpChinlc.MctiucatchcnylloitrNhu,giDim
livthitlpmtchnhphqunnhn.ChnhphnynucnsthanhtontchcthnhangcHoaKngh.
TchcthnhdotngDngVnMinhcmu,nhngngichhuythtsltngTrnVnn...Nhiutuntrc,tchcnylinh
viTrungtLucienConeincaCIA.MctiubanucatchcnylltDimNhu,chbngphicHoaKrangoiqucvsausch
DimtrvlmQuctrng...
TchcthbadoitLQuangTung,chihuytrngLcLngcBitccNhuvDimtnnhim,cmu.Khicbitchaitchc
kia,NhunhdngTunglmochnhgitiudithainhmkiarinhaianhemtmttnhduynhitrvliDinh.Cochnhginy
cgilBravoHai.
553/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ThtkhngphilddngkhilngcichtcaDimvNhuvotrongkhungcnhcaPhongTroPhcHiDim.HuhtnhngngiVitNam
mticdptipxc,ngaycvinhngngiccmtnhviDim,chkhngphiviNhu,chorngviclmsngliDimcv"quin"
(macabre).Mtvingituynhnlchitnglinhngvnnhnmnhrng"chngtakhngthquayluinhnliqukh,chngtaphihng
vtnglai.Tisaokhilingtrotncakcht?"...
NhiungiVitvMnghrngnuDimcnsng,vchloitrNhumthi,VitNamclskhhnbygi...Tuynhincilcnglphi
loiNhulvothik60,nnm1963thqutrmtrivDim,dcmun,cngkhngcnkhnngiphvitnhhnhchnhtrv
qunsna.Nimtcchtinht,Dimchnhlnnnhncaanhemngta.Vvolc,suthncatngiovchnhtrbnpphihp
vinhaulmchocucchnhbinkhngthnokhngxyra,vnhtnhsxyradngiMcnghaykhng.
KhngthchorngvlcngmbygingiMcandmtcchqusuvochintranhVitNam,nhngtacthphngonrng
nucucbinhbincanm1960thnhcng,trckhinhngxcngcdnglnqucao,thchachcHoaKdnhdnhbygi,vtht
rangiMchthtsxcngmnhlitnhtvonm1963.
Mtcchtngqut,tnthmkchthcs,mcnglhikch,lcucltDimNhukhnggiiquytgvtnglaiNamVitNamhmnay
(1972)cngvnmhnhvonm1963dchintranhctipdinvdcuchamdaidngtiBalcinuchngna.
NuNhuthahipthnhcngviCngSnsaulngDimthclstrnhcchintranh,nhngtheotithNhukhnglmcchuyn
vdcochnhhaykhngthchintranhvnxyra.Vmtthpninsau,quyttmthngtrminNamcaHNivnynguynnhc...
Dsao,phongtrolmsngliDimhinnaybiuhiuhaiiukin:skhaokhtvvngmuncsnghabnhvschuaxtvnhngg
xyratiVitNamtkhiDimblt,kcsthamdkhclitcaHoaKvochintranhVitNam,ttcuvch23.
Ttcuvchvt1959n1963,chDimatncnbnbvcthmri,dndntcvogngkmcacucchintranhy
nhimchohaiquc,hyditmisinhlcmongmanhcacclclngnhndnchngCng.TtcuvchvcucCchmng1/11/1963
ktthcddangchmythngsaungyphtng,vcctndCnLaoCngGiokhchngtnhcmtngiotorabanmxotrn
vphnha,vcclclngnhndnmcphiconbnhchnhtrutrsau9nmbkmkpnnkhnghnhxngntrchnhimca
mnh.TtcuvchvchnhNguynVnThiulirc"C"vtrongtimtrongc,trongdinhcLp,trongquni,trongchnhquyn,trong
chnhsch,trongthon.
Vvymttcuvch.
Vvymchiubi"khngcCthncchamt"canhmCnLaoCngGiotihingoikhngcmtgitrchnthcnocngoi
munchytilchschohvbinhccthnhphndntckhc.VitNamCngHabspldocihuqukhclitvdaidngcach
NgnhDimkoditNhtnNhCngHa.Thtrongtnglai,cngchnhcihuquangcnhennhmtrlitihingoi,s
cntrcngcucquangphcvxydnglimtVitNamTDomi.
SaukgikcuRobertShaplen,timuntrnhbyquanimcamtqunnhnVitNamcngvvnnguynnhnsuxaanspca
VitNamCngHa,xemlunccaCnLaoCngGiotihingoicnngvngckhng?xem"C"cahclinhgnngy
554/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
VitNamCngHa,xemlunccaCnLaoCngGiotihingoicnngvngckhng?xem"C"cahclinhgnngy
30/4/1975ththmkhng?
QunnhnliyNhyDPhanNhtNam.
Qunnhncnglmtnhvndngngibtchinuviqunthhaytrangtrithaothctrntranggiy.PhanNhtNamsinhngy99
1943tiHu,vlnlnhcTrunghctiNng.Chngnhnglmtqunnhntnghnhqunkhpnochintrngtnc,anhcnlmt
chinsvnhautranh,vittrnmitcphmgitrnivquhngdntc,nivchintranhvhabnh.NgoiDonQucSvNguyn
MnhCnlhaibcnanhcthccchmngvthhinthnhnhngsngtcutranhchngCngsusc,PhanNhtNamthucvmt
nhmvnnghsqunicathhtrhnbitsdngngibtnhmtvkhutranh.cbittrongnhmnhhimhoi,PhanNht
NamnibtlnkhngphichvanhtrnhbynhngthmtrngcachintranhvticcaVitCngmcnvanhtngvnhng
nhngvncbnnhtchinthngCngSn.QuanhnghotngcaanhtiminNamvquanhngngyanhnHNiutranh
chnhtrviCngSn,ticthququytrngngoilngyuncnngnn,anhcncmttrnhnhnthcchnhtrrtsuscmnhiucp
lnhominNamchachcbngc.
VnthnphcPhanNhtNamtlu,nhngsaukhicxongtcphmTBinhvHaBnhcaanh,timigitmnhkhngngngisquan
trtuikialicmtkinthcdidovchnhtrvvlchsnhth,liccinhnthicucnghimchnhvmtthcdntcdtdonth.
TcphmTBinhvHaBnhvittnm1974,dimtchmanhangphcvvclvchkimduytlcbyginnanhphi
dngvnphpvngntmtcchddt,nhngkhngvthmlpluncaanhthiuchnhxcvthiuanhthp.Phnktluncatcphm
nynhnhnglidichclichonhngnhchnhtrvnhngnhlnhotngio,vnidungcunschttrngtmvonhngnhnnh
nhmbotrcmtsspcaminNamkhngtinocuchacna,sspdolilmcaccbcnanhli.
HycmtonngntrongphnktlunthyanhnulncihuqudonhNggyraatncnbvcthm.
Trcht,vthyrCngSnchimcmiuthtrnchintrngminNamnnkhicpnnhcangiCngSntronggiiphp
Hagii,dgiiphpchlhuquttyudomtchuidinhngsailmchnhtrsut30nmtri,anhvit:
NuCngSnchuhagiitrongmtchinthutonkno,chcchnrnghkhngngichungchiuvi"lnht"DngVnMinh,VVn
MuchngnimokpcilngminitnglychnhtrminNam...
Ttinthctvaun,anhnhnlidnglchs30nmquanhgilicngticaccbcnanhvcbitlnnchNgnh
Dimmanhcholthphmchnhtrongvic"sytay"lmchominNamrivotayCngSn:
ngThiuvchnhquynhintiucphimtsmmtchiubngdngmcc.Chintranhhinticngkhngphivkhngthihnh
nghimchnhHipnhBal,cngkhngphivngiMvndnhluvominNamVitNamthchinchnhschthcdnmimc...ng
ThiungKhim,tnhtrngthamnhng,thint,btcng,chintranhhmnaychlhuquttnhincaccgiaion4554,5463,6374...lh
qucacclclngqucgiakhngchutptrungvhochnhhotngtheonghngichungcalchs,dntcvthgii,cngnhsau
khicclclngtngionhtquytdavoquynlccngcvphttringioquyn(chedumccmcngtcvinhngngikhng
chdntc:ghichcaPhanNhtNam).cnglhquln"sytay"trmtrngnhtkhiminNamnhmtchittp,mthoncnh
thuntin(5463)kintonminNamckhnngvlclngcnbnghipthngcngminBc...risaumtlunkhthcngthi
giansau1963trongnhngsaaginhgit,cuxvphnhaththinvquynli,phephivcnhnrivohthmbicmtphongtro
nhndn1966...vtnhtrnghintivingThiuchlngngicuicamtcncungphongthitnkhcquaquhngkhnkh...Caingn
555/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
chnmtngngicuingphngmtcnbo!Caichtimtngncyhyditnhngungthitgcr.24
ChnhcisthtmanhniralchNgnhDim,hnaihttrongsutbagiaiont1945n1974,philchchutrchnhimv
tnhtrngsuythoicaVitNamngynay.Sthtmanhnilnhchngnhtancimtimlavngoanccachiubi"khngc"C"
thncumt"catndCnLaosaunyhaysao?
Cuicng,vchortrohn,mttrongnhngcimmmngquantrngkhinchominNamspcngDimgieolntngaysaukhi
ngthnhlpchnhphutinvonm1955chkhngphiinlcMtTrnGiiPhngMinNamraivonm1960,ngphiht
hongtcovi92qucgiatrnthgiihainmsau.
MmmngnylsphnbilihahntrongbnTuynNgnchnhtrnm19491950,trckhingiHoaK(1950),vmtshptcvilc
lngkhngchinsauny,vkotheolchnhschkthchaimtchnhtrlnnhnvniviqunchngNamk(ad)angchimhn2
phn3tngstondnminNamvchtinvokhiCnggio.
Tht vy, trong cuc chin u khng Php mi nm, d trc i trn chnh trng l Php v Cng Sn, nhng trn chin trng v pha khng
chin,chnhnhngngiconyucadntccmsnganhdngnhgicvmubovsnhgmvc.Vcngtrong10nmcacuc
chintranhngDnglnthnht,lclngdntcbnhdtrahaipha,iBnghayThnh,vbiungbicThcdnlnCng
Sn.LclngkhngchinNamBlmtibphncadntcnmtronghoncnhole,vdcngybincchmythtacngkhngth
phnhnclngyunccngnhsnghipcaoccahtrongcucchinginhclpchotquc.
ChonnkhiHipnhGenvephnnhbincngrrngngCngSnhontonlnguynhnhcnccquctcan,asanhem
khngchinNambkhngraminBcnhmtsnhitpkt,cngkhnglichnduvkhlmiqunningchoHNinhmt
scnbCngSnthcth,mhlibnnyvtuynthmibyvvatintngvolituynbcangDimngyxa,vamunxy
dngmtminNamhngmnhphcng.
NhngngDimkhngnhngphnbilicamktcangngyxamcnphngtayphtngmtchnhschtiuditlclngny,kth
ngiminNamvymtibphncadntcvothhoctchccchngiththeoMtTrnGiiPhngsauny,hoctiuccchngith
bthptcvichnhquyn.
SphnbicmtnhnchngtnghptcchtchvingDim,nghincuvtrnhbyytrnnguytsanQuM(Paris)khi
ngts51(1985)dimcLchTrnhHnhThnhvGiiThcaMtTrnGiiPhngmtitrchlimtchngtrongphnPhlccun
sch.
Trongphngiithiulotbinghincugitrny,QuMvit:
...NhngtaibitrngMtTrnkhngcthtvnchlcibngcaconthrilntngsauviththutngootaycaBChnhTrngH
Nimthi.Vchngthciu,tcgibinghincuphiphntchchnhquynminNamtsauhipcGenve1954mnhnvtchnh
vtnhphtaychoMtTrncldovhoncnhrailTngthngNgnhDimvichgianhngqunl.Tatihuqubi
trnnm1975.Nhnvtchnh,bingDimlnhnvtctmvcchnhtrcththayiccdinminNamthiim1954nungkhng
lmlnmtlbi.Nhngkkthasaungkhngctmvcvtcphongcangilmchnhtr,lithiukhnngvnhovtrthc,nn
556/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lmlnmtlbi.Nhngkkthasaungkhngctmvcvtcphongcangilmchnhtr,lithiukhnngvnhovtrthc,nn
khngcngchngcvithithgaygovhuqucangNgnhDimlikhinminNamtanv.
TuytcgilotbitrnndanhnhngnoncpvngDimthtionrngtcgiphilmtnhnvtchnhtrcquenbitvtng
hotngchtchvihaingDim,NhutrckhingDimvnclmThtng.Quasphntchnghimchnhvinhngchngliurrng,
tiontcgicthlngHSKhu,cquenbitvinhmTinhThncaBcsTrnVn,tchchuthunchongDimtiSiGnt
1948n1955(bcsTrnVnhinPhpvctcgitronglotbitrongQuMnulndnchng).
Mtcchgintiptrlicholuniu"vkhngcCnnmtminNam"canhmCnLaohoiNg,tcginghimchnhnhnlitonbhon
cnhviukinlchstrcvtrongthigian9nmngDimcmquyn,nghimkhclnnngDimbnimmtcgicholclinh
trctipnnguynnhnsuxaansspcaVitNamCngHa:ThnhtlbrivtiuditlclngkhngchinNambvnchng
PhpnhngkhngtheoCngSnthhailxemthngnnnhmthuthuncnthitcangiNamkthbalkhngcaitrminNam
theonglidntcdnchmlitheocungcchcamtquanTonquynthiPhpthucvcuicnglptmtchgianhtr,Bc
ktr,cnhsttrnntoranhngyutthunlichoHNikhaisinhvphttrinMtTrnGiiPhng,lmcngcxmlngvchinthngmin
Nam.
Vlbntilndihanvsauvgyrangy3041975.
Khithnvn"kthNamk"cachDim,quthttcgicanmvlngthinlymtthiphntchlchsnghimchnhm
khngtrntrnhhayngingngnhngplcchnhtrphindintihingoi.Cngvy,khitvnra,tcgicngiptacmtcinhn
thngsuthnvnhngkhkhncbntrongnibcngnhngoithctbygicachnhquynCngSnHNikhimun"tinnhanhtin
mnhlnXHiChNgha"timinNam.
KhkhncbncaCngSn,cngnhtnhthctvkhthicaschlccangikhngCngSn,mtcgimunndcpn,nm
trongscmnhsungmnvtritlsngnhnbncthcangiminNam,nmtrongbicnhxhiviukinhnhthnhcacclclng
chnhtrtiminNamtrong125nmqua,ktkhicPhanThanhGinttitsaukhikhacNhmTut(1862)nhngbatnhminngNam
kchothcdnPhp.
RingngDim,ngiutindnngchoCngSncmctrndinhcLpngaysaukhitncquaphn,vtintngvokhiCnggio
dicvscmnhcaHoaKchngCng,nnvtbcihuthuncnthitcanhndnvnhntmminNam.Vtbni,ngDimc
quynbinminNamthnhcnhtaynidicamtquc,thihnhmtcucchinynhimngnchnmtquckhctrnlcachu,
vbrischlcngoigiaovndngkhiPhilinktcaccncchmtinmunthotgngkmlngcc.Vtbni,ngDimchnhngha
hacuctinquncaBcqunvynngthnvovngtayVitCng.VtbvkhinhthngnnnTrnVnBch,PhanKhcSu,TrnVn
Hng,TrnVn,HunhKimHu,NguynVnThoi,...khnghptcvingnaNguynHuTh,NguynVnHiu,MThChu,uTrng
Thanh, Phm CngTc,Trn Vn Hu,Trn Kim Quang,Trng NhTng... khng chin Nam b, Pht gio Nam k, Ha Ho, Cao i quay li
chngichcang.
(Hintngchnhtrvnhnvnny,nnm1992,cnghincuvkhaitrinkhcchithnvxuthinquatcphmniting"HChMinh,
NgnhDimvMtTrnGiiPhng"catcgiHSKhu,VnNgh,California,xutbn).
o0o
557/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
o0o
ChmtchnhschkhinhrvkthdnNamnhthlchDimlmspminNamchkhngcnphicngthmvinhngtilica
anhemngDimvtponCnLaoCngGiotrongsut9nmcmquyn.
RrngnhthnnLchstuynnvDntcxnri!
RrngnhthnhngtndCnLaoCngGiotihingoivnngoancbpmolchs,cngchngDnTctmcchchytichochvi
mtphongtroctngil"PhcHiTinhThnNgnhDim".Vythci"tinhthn"lg?
Cphiltinhthn"quanli,phnng,chpnguynvngcatondn,koluidnglchscagingni"nhngPhmNamSchlnn?
Cphiltinhthn"ditPhtgioMaquvditngphiphnlon"cangCnLaonhngChuBngLnhtco?Cphiltinhthn"nh
thLaVanglbiutngqucgia"hoctinhthn"DinhcLpchovconthtolnmQucTthkhngcnth"nhngoMngNam
thngtrch?Cphiltinhthn"XytngmconbNhumliboltngHaiBTrng"nhthisngHmtsinhvinnigin
cht u v x sp? C phi l tinh thn "Lut Gia nh ca b Nhu bnh vc mt ngi n b h thn mt nt v lm au kh cho nhn ti
NguynHuChu"nhngNguynThighivoschs?Cphiltinhthn"linlcvnpthuchoVitCngncychtgchoNgnh
Thclmgiu"nhThbtmn?Cphiltinhthn"gitngicpcaNgnhCnxylngnhlngVuaCha"nhPhanNhtNam
mamai?Cphiltinhthn"hnhpvibatuChLnbunthucphinluvbtdnhtthucphindnsovairtc"chovchng
NgnhNhutomitisnsvchuyntinrancngoi?Cphiltinhthn"trigiamChnHmHuvtrigiambmtP42SThSi
Gn"mhcgiLngNhnPhngTtctmgntronglitruyntngdngianquatcphmChiChi?
HaycphiltinhthnlmtaysaichoTygntrm100,lmtaysaichoMhn10nm.CphiltinhthntrotrphnbinhndnminNam
thahipviCngSn.Cphiltinhthnkthtngiovkthaphng,ptngiokhcxungchotngiomnhclnghnh,np
ccthnhphndntckhcchophengmnhccchimcquyncli.Cphitinhthnhyditsinhlcqucgiatoramttpon
CnLaogioiu,hphi,ngoanc.
Nhngthtra,cci"PhongTroPhcHiTinhThnNgnhDim"ldoThiusinhraphcvchonhucuchnhtrcaThiulcbygi.
NlconngoihnchnhtrcaThiunnbnchtcanlmtslaiginggiaDimctivThiuqunphit,khngthngDimcngchng
lochoThiumchnghnmnh:
...m11111960vngyhmsaukhidinhcLpbvyhm,khinglmvocnhnguykhn,chngthymtgiinohaymtnhmnocan
thip.DnchngkotiquanhnhngonNhyDtrnngThngNhtnghe,nhn,ci,ni,bnqubnhtpnpnhtrongngyhi.
Chsaukhiboquacn,thlngtrungthnhmilibiultrongnhngbuilTnlongtrngvnhngbingivnan...25
Ngmnhngnginh:
...ngconnuiCDimkolnhvgitC,rivinmsaulichotchc"TrngdinC"longtrng.VitlmsaokhingiDnbiuCtrong
ngy1111963thtrnvoM,saukhiCchmngthnhcngthbcrachimchoCchmngvtiliNgnh,rivinmsaulitchc
558/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
"phchngtinhthn"C.26
Vchlloinginhvychonnthoncahcngtrotrnhvy:Mtmt,htchri"C"rakhidnghNgnhvrakhichvh
bitnhnganhemdnghNgnhvcichgianhtrbmingiphnh.Nhngtchrilmsaockhichnh"C"lTngthng,
lngilnho,lngicquyncmnmvchutrchnhimvnhngquytnhsinhtminNamtrong9nmbotr.Mtkhc,trongkhi
dngthontchricixurathtrongnhngbuiCuhnhliququytcho"C"ngchungvinhngcichtanhhng"caccchins
chinuchoTDovchonhngnnnhnbmnhtronglctnnCngSn",lplnhlnconennhangnhbibal.
LcuhnchongNgnhDim,nuchctchctrongtinhthnbonbohiulmtvicmnhmCnLaoCngGiocnphilm
nnpnghacTngthngNgnhDimmhvncncoinhlnht"anhminh"cah.NgaycivihaibochanhNgnhNhu,
NgnhCnnhmCnLaoCngGiocngnnlmltngnimtheotinhthnThiUngthngticngTrc.
NgiVitdntcmiaslnnnhncachDimsut8,9nmtricainchngiviccngkthngticanhemngDimu.
TruynthngNghatlnghatn,truynthngVuLancannTamgiomyngnilnhngyuttochongiVittmtnhkhoanhai
vinhngngiquc,dnhngngiquctnglkthcah.
CuhnchongNgnhDimlmtvicnnlmvnphnnhcitruynthngngPhngvlutnhnquvvstnghgiangi
sngvngicht.Khngcgngtrchkhicnhngkncynorocyy,tngcnmamcthbyginnthatcngt.Nhng
tmlytnhcmringtcamnhdngmathutchnhtr,cngkhailmsnglimtcitinhthnHongSothvatinghipchongDim
vakhinhrngbo!
Tnm1983,NguynVnThiubtucnhngvnngtixuthintrongcngngngiVithingoi.Cngtnm1983,haicunsch
caCaoThDung("LmThNoGitMtTngThng")vCaoVnLun("BnGingLchS")ctibntihingoi.Tinghipnhngk
tianglidngncngcmongthnhlpmt"cngngDimkhngDimtihingoi"mkhngbitrngkhilingtrotncaqu
khchlmchoqukhhinlrthmciticlmspminNamcachDimvnhnggiandi,ngyto,xuyntc,vukhng...cahai
tcgiCnLaoCngGiomthi.(Xem"LtMtNNhngConThLChnhTr"caLTrngVn).
lchaninvnviclmcahnggpcgchoicucCuncDngnchmnay.Mtphongtrochnhtrphchich
Dimctoconktngoinckhng?Ccsymtrca60triungbotrongnckhng?Cbkthvngminhkhaithc
khng?Ckhidynhngonthcmccthnhphndntcnnnhnnhmmtbquakhng?
ChtrrahquannimNcmtri,xinchnxngilmquhng,nnchnhmnvicgydnglclng"Quhngmi"huchim
uthmtrthxa.ivih,Nc,minNam,lhaichCngHa,nnkhichmt,lnhtmtlncmt.
NcmtrithchoDimvchoThiusnglixypmtthtinhthn"QucTmi"tnginhngqumnh!
1 LinhMcNguytsans105,trang618,619,SiGn1970.Trchlitrong"LchSGioHiCngGio",trang375,SiGn1972.
2 KYuiHiVnHaGioDcPhtGioKIII,tr.555,SiGn1970.
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19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
StanleyKarnow,Vietnam:AHistory,tr.339,1983.
NguynMinhBo,iMtTngthng,mc"Nhng2thng11vsau",SiGn1971.
Wesmoreland,ASoldiersReport,DoubledayandCo.Inc.,tr.52,NewYork,1976.
VnHaVnNghMinNamDiChMNgy,tp2,tr.103,HNi,1979.
WilliamJ.Leiderer,OurOwnWorstEnemy,tr.167172,1968.
WilliamJ.Leiderer,OurOwnWorstEnemy,tr.167172,1968.
LutsHuynccNghsnhimk196773nhngnm70rtthm,ngphingclnthnhchonhimk7076,rinm73rtthmng
liphingclnthbaviinhTThcchonhimk7379nhngbThiubcblindanh.
NguytsanHnhTrnh,s10,tr.30,31,ngy19/1/1979,phthnhtiWashingtonDC.
LinhmcVnhHot,uTrmuiCp,VnNghTinPhong,s105,tr.1820,Virginia,HoaK.
Xemthm"BnCoTrngs1"caPhongTroChngThamNhngtrong"NhngNgyCuiCngCaVNCH",NguynKhcNg,sd,tr.417.
CaoVnLun,BnGingLchS,tr.369.
HongVnCh,TThcDnnCngSn,sd,tr.58,59.
DennisWarner,TheLastRevolution,sd,tr.236.
NguynKhcNg,NhngNgyCuiCngCaVitNamCngHa,sd,tr.283.
TunBoNgyNay,s99,TrangA,ngy1/10/1985,HuntingtonBeach.
CaoVnLun,BnGingLchS,sd,tr.363.
NguynMinhBo,iMtTngThng,sd.
LyndonJohnson,VantagePoint,sd,tr.493,vKissinger,MarvinKalbvBernardKalb,Canada,1974,tr.120.
VitBo,s1,ngy15/7/1976vs4ngy1/9/1977,WashingtonDC.
NguynKhcNg,NhngNgyCuiCngCaVitNamCngHa,sd,tr.351354.
RobertShaplen,TheCultofDiem,TheNewYorkTimes,sngy14/5/72,tr.19.
PhanNhtNam,TBinhvHaBnh,Hini,1973,tr.418.
onThm,NhngNgyChaQun,sd,tr.233.
Ngy111,MtVngTaB,Vit(SanJose)s5,tr.5v6.
Chng20
KTLUN
TivitchngcuicatphikchnhtrnyvotitTrngngcanm1985,hn10nmsaungyribquchatt,hn40nmsaungy
tondnnilnoanhlitkhngPhp,vhn100nmsaungyhacQuMickkt(1883)chnhthckhaitmtncVitNamclp
thngnht.
Nhcnirtronglimuvckhaitrinbnglluncngnhbngccdnchnglchstrongtontphik,mcchlnnhtca
560/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tivnlnilnSTht,nhngSThtvhintrngtnhcatncmccnhnchngchanira,hocnhngSThtmvcchp,hp
hi,shibmtsngitrnhbymtcchsailchocnhiukhictnhxuyntc.Nhngnhngsthttrnhbyratuytncxemnh
nhngnggpnhnhoivchnthnhchovictruytmvsoisnglchs,vnchaphivchathynutnhngsthtlchsta
khngtmracnhngsuynghimlngthinvngnchomtthcsuscvsmnhconngivvnmnhtncVitNam,cng
nhvthihplvhulchothhVitNamtnglaitrccuckhnghonghinnaycanhnloivcadntc.
Khngnhngkhngcchplmmtthhnhohphivbtrichttrongskhimnhngvtrchnhim,ticntthycnhimv,cbn
phnphitrangtriratrongliktlunnynhngtmtcamnh.Nhngtmtcamtkmcuicuci,nhnliqutrnhhotngchthy
thtbinychngchtlnthtbikhc:30nmchngCngcuicngphichytrnCngSn,xthnchomtlnhtcuicngthylnht
ivoconngphnquchidn.
Ngyxa,cPhanBiChuvithaitpTPhnvNgcTrungThsuyngmvnhngthtbicamnhvtraotruynbihcchotnglai.
Hmnay,tivittphiknylchtheobcchncanhCchmngTinbi,vngvbtchcgngcangixamthi.
o0o
Nhnlilchsdntc,nutacnhnglcsngkhoivkiuhnhvnhngthnhqukdiucatinnhnnhiTrnsngtoraHiNgh
DinHngtrnmtchnhtrnhbiiqunMngChunghntrnmtqunsnhiLxydngchaMtCttrnmtkintrckhim
mincuithkth15,Typhngmisngchracbloongvinhcnirpcccphnvinhaunhtthkth3,trongkhi
TrungHoaphii3thknamicBtMakhaimnnThinTngthThinsKhngTngHitnnmngchomtoPht
cthVitNam,dunghavlmphongphthmchonnvnhadntc.
Vnutacnhngthnhqulylng,thngclicngtrongchiudilchsncta,khngphikhngclcvnmnhadntcvo
nhngoiomenti:nolonThpNhSQun,noLChiuThngbinmtcngtcngoivnthnhtrnghungcngrncngnh,no
trmnmTrnhNguynphntranhlylon...vcnihn,trongcucchin30nm19451975,CngSnquctlivndngcsinhlcdntc
trongkhilclngchngCngthliciungbimtthlcquctkhclCnggioLaM(RomanCatholic).
Nuphixcnhbnchtthtscacucchin30nmthngoinhngctnhngoidinnhtranhchpthch,tranhchpchnhtr,kinh
tlngcc...khitruytmntnngungccan,tasthyquthtlmtcucchmgitsngmigiaCngSnquctvCnggioquc
ttrnthnxccaikhinhndnVitNam.lmtcucutranhquynlivquynlcCngCng(CnggiovCngSn)vchabaogi
nhndnVitNamcsngsutnhnthybnchtcucchin,cngnhchabaoginhndnVitNamctmnhlmchlyvnmnhca
mnh.TgiaitnglnhonchnhschChinhayHa,tkkhaisinhnngikhait,tvnngngoigiaonqunvinkinhvin,hunh
lcnongsautnthmkchVitNamcngcnhngquytnhsinhtntTaThnhLaM.Thtvy,chnhTaThnhLaMtnguyn
ychoHiTruynGioHiNgoiPhpthahipvymtrchoThcdnTytinhnhchnhschxmthctncta,vshindinca
ThcdnramtphongtrokhngPhptonqucmphsnsaunycanlmtngCngSnVitNamcychnhnghavnng
dntcnilnchngTyuiM.Vvohichungcuc,trongthigiansinhtcaminNamVitNam,cngchnhToThnhLaMcng
khaivngonmcbriminNamnivngtaylnvimtchnhquynCngSntnglaitrnncVitNam.
Trongsutkhongthigiantlcbtunlcktthc,tylcmnhlcyucalclngCnggioVitNammTaThnhthayichinlc,
nhngchyuthvnlunlungilyschlcchnhlkhimnhthchngCng,lcyuththahipviCngduytrvphttrinCnggioti
VitNamnhHinChTnlvGiohi(LumenGentium9:2)btbucphi"phttrinncThinChachotikhichontt"(TTDM#32).
CndntcVitNamthsao?CnikhidntckhngnmtrongvngnhhngvquynlccaTaThnhthsao?Hchlnnnhn.Hl
ngochinsbvndngaratintuynchngCngkhitnCnggiongidinhcLp,hcnglngongbongmnhc
561/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngochinsbvndngaratintuynchngCngkhitnCnggiongidinhcLp,hcnglngongbongmnhc
nuthnnhnTaThnhlinhvinhngkcmquyn(khngphiltnCnggiona)angngiBcBPh.Trongchaitrnghp,d
CnggioVitNammnhhayyu,ngidnVitulnnnhncacngcucmmangncCha.
Nhnlicucchin30nmnhndinrhnvaitrcalclngCnggio,tacthchiathiknythnh3giaion:
1.Giaionthnht,t19451954:ylgiaionmquynlnhovphngtinymtrchngCngSn(lnhokhngchin)lhonton
doThcdnPhptrchnhimmvCaoyutin,cDArgenlieu,lmtgiosCnggio.ThcdndngCngSnnhmtcicv
CngSncngdngThcdnnhmtcictranhtginhdnVitNam.Mcchchnhcaonqunvinchinhviqungioskhi
tiuditkhngchin(tuynhndanhchngCng)lduytrvcngcnnhtiVitNamkoditgn80nmtrc,mtnnhvittc
cquynclichoGiohiCnggio.ChonntichintrngminBc,chintrngquytnhstnvongcabmyThcdn,tnCng
gioVitNammigianhpngovutranhquytlitchnglikhngchin,ccgiophnmitrthnhcctinnyhalcchoon
qunvinchinhPhpdnglmcimcnqutnngthn.
Cngvvy,nngychiacttncvonm1954,trongtngsgnchntrmngnngidicvoNamthhn80phntrmltnCng
gio.HllclngchngCngchnhtiminBc,hchngvthua,hitmTDov"theochncM"voNamtiptcchngCng.
2.Giaionthnh,t19541963:ylgiaionmquynlnhochintranhchngCngcchuyntmtqucgiaThinChagiony
quamtqucgiaThinChagiokhc,tmtncPhpkitqunmtncMangtinhnhchintranhlnhbaovyCngSn.HoaKl
qucgiammttrongnhngldolpqucphtxuttquyntdotinChatheonguynvnhnthccamnh.HnhbngtolncaChachi
phisumvrngrisinhhotchnhtrqucgiacngnhnpsngxhicadntcny.HiThnhCnggioLaM(RomanCatholicChurch)
lmttngiolnvuyquyntrongrtnhiucngngThinChagioMvnhhnglnschlcngoigiaotoncucaM.(Mtskin
miylch24tingnghngaysaucuchpthngnhReaganGorbachevtiGenvethng11nm1985,chthnvcvnvAnNinh
QucgiaMcFarlanecaTngthngphilptcithngbochohaithlclnlinhvnhhngnHoaKnhtlqucgiangminhctrut
AnhCtLivtrungtmquynlctinhthnVatican).
KhithayPhptiVitNam,HoaKmangtheocdisnvnhaThinChagiolntinbcsngnvominNam.lgiaionccthnhca
ThinChagiovcnglcaoimcacucutranhCngCng:TiminBclmtCngSnquctymtrcho"anhem"bnxnhmp
dngmtchtontrlnnhndnminBcsdngbolccchmngtinchimminNam.inghchli,timinNamlmtlclngt
bnThinChagioquct,doMvVaticanymtrchotaysaibnx,nhmptctilnnhndnminNamlidngmtthbolc
khcchngtrliminBc.
ChonnnuminBccmtngHChMinhdoCngSnqucthunluynavthdnhinminNamcngphicmtngNgnh
DimcThinChagioquctvnngviMvlnhocucutranhmschlcbaotrmmichnhschlThinChagioha
minNamvinhngchnghaNhnVDuyLinh,vingCnLaoCngGio,vinhngbinphpnptngiovtiuditilp.Nhvyr
rng:
Ng nh Dim l ngi ca Vatican gii thiu cho M M thi hnh sch lc ly GiaT gio chng Cng.Tc l s dng tn ngng hu thn
(Cha)chngtnngngvthn(ngCngSn).1
SvnnglliuvquytlitnngCaoVnLun(vLinhmcsaunylmcvnchoNgnhDimriNguynVnThiu)phith
562/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhnrng"nukhngcCha(EmmanuelJacques)HoussathsphnVitNamkhngchngkhc"2.Houssalmttus"ngiBtngsng
PhtDimt1939n1945...nnhncanhiu"nhnti"VitNam...vgipchongDim" 3.MtvlinhmcngoiqucmcngCao
VnLunlvcvnTngthnghaitriuCnggiotiVitNamnhginmccthlmthayisphncatqucvdntcVitNamth
bitgiohiThinChagioquctcandvkimsottnctamnhmnno.
Chonntrong10nmnmquynlnhominNamVitNam,vmunCnggiohaVitNamchngCng,anhemngDimvtponCn
LaoCngGiotquynlitngiomnhtrnquynlidntc,xydngscmnhcagiohiVitNambngcchtiuditsinhlcca
nhndn.PhtxuttmtphndntcnhvychonnchCnggiotrcaanhemngDimcngchngCngcnglmchoCngSn
mnhhn,cngnpdnchngcnglmchoikhidntccmththm,nnnnm1963,htmcchgiitahaiilc,trongthtuyt
vngvcTathnhVaticanthathunquavaitrtrunggianclccaKhmmngAstartiSiGn,bngphngththahipviHNiv
sutthnhcngtrongvicdngminNamchoCngSn.
Thng 11 nm 1963, nhn dn y ngy mng Mt ln thnh ngy Cch mng, lt mt ch Cng gio tr c ti v bt lc trong vic chng
CngnhngnlccatondncngchcthtmthilmsuygimnhhngvthlcCnggiotiminNammtthigianngnmthi.
3.Giaionthba,t19631975:ylgiaionmsaubanmxotrnvcgngnhngthtbitrongvicphchimtsinhlckitqudo
nhngdihitchtrcli,minNambcvonnNhCngHavicnglimtvTngthngCnggiovmtlclngnhns
Cnggionmmiquynhnhchiphiqucgia.Khnglliuvthbonhtronggiaiontrc,nhngquahthngqunphitkinhtibnxv
bmytbnqunsMangnngtrnisngminNam,mtch"DimkhngDim" 4ttcthnhhnhmcaoimlphongtro
PhcHiNgnhDimdogiohiCnggioVitNam,ngNguynVnThiuvmtsphntCnLaoCngGiochxng.
Cngtronggiaionny,khimchintranhVitNamtrnnkhclithnvtrthnhmtvntoncu,khimgiohiVitNambnxkhng
thlngquynmtcchtrctipnhgiaiontrc,khimtrnmtcngkhai,milinhviHoaKschichocngcucbnhtrngCng
gio,TaThnhLaMkhngngingngngvohngngphnchinutranhchomtthhabnhthinCngtiVitNam:
Ngy11265,GioHongPaulVIkugingngchintiVitNam.
Ngy19965,GioHongPaulVItchcthnhlcunguynchoHabnhthgii.
Ngy31065,GioHongPaulVIbaysangNuckugiHabnhtiLinHipQuc.
Ngy41065,GioHongPaulVIhimviTngthngJohnsonvtnhhnhthgiivchintranhVitNam.
VibnhnhngngonmccaGioHongtrongnm1965,chnhschngoigiaocaVaticanrrng:candmnhmhnchmdt
chintranhVitNambngmigi,vchunblinhviCngSnHNitoiukinthunlichoGioHiVitNamcsngcnvpht
trin.KhngcnmxannhngthnhphncnlicadntcVitNam,GiohiCnggioqucttrc!NcCha,dnChatrc!
NhngvndngsauchlphnthhinclccachnhschdovGioHongnyra,mtv...
GioHongymtrtinhthnchobnkhngbtiTyBanNhavlclngkhuynhttiNamM,chochnhphCngSnBcVits
dngchnhngtavchcchngcangtahuthchinccucTngtncngvodpTtMuThn1968.ngthinvxCubacaCastro
vchophpccGimmc,ccnamntusMcXtctdonmlyGiohitichuM,chuuvchuPhi.NgcliPaulVIkhngbaogi
563/611
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VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
vchophpccGimmc,ccnamntusMcXtctdonmlyGiohitichuM,chuuvchuPhi.NgcliPaulVIkhngbaogi
hminimtlinophniSVitsthingiCnggiotiHungGiaLi,LMaNi,TipKhc,nhngvtratntnhntiCubangta
cngchnghhmivkhochphhycitnngngmngcburabovvmmang...(Hegavemoralsupporttoterroristin
SpainandleftwingpartiesinLatinAmerican.HeallowedhimselfandhisofficetobeusedbythecommunistgovernmentofNorthVietnaminorderto
maketheTetoffensiveof1968possible.HefavoredCastrosCuba,andgavefreereigntoMarxistbishopsandpriestsandnunsinhischurchofthe
AmericanandEuropeanAfrica.ButPaulneverutteredonesyllabletoprotestthecrucifixionofLithuanaCatholicsbytheSoviets,thepersecutionofall
thebelieversinHungary,Romania,Czechoslovakia,thetorturedprisonersofCastrosCubanomorethanhedidabouttheplanneddestructionofthe
faithhewasalectedtoprotectandspread).5
Cngtnm1968,chnhschthahipviCngSnHNicngctinhnhqualituynbtrngtrncacChaCasaroli,Btrng
NgoigiaocaTathnhVatican,vingCaoVnLunrng...
...bygikhngcnllclmmtcucThnhchinchngCngna.PhichmdtchintranhvtmcchsngchunghabnhviCngSn.
ChonnnhngngiqucgiaVitNam,nhtlnhngngiCnggio,phionktvinhaucthsngchungviCngSnmkhngb
CngSnnuti.6
NhngkhngphichLinhmcLun,nhclinhviVaticanhoccckgiquctnnckhnngsukhorngln,mibitcchnhsch
phnbiminNamnycaGioHong,mnhngngiVitNamcthngtinnhchuynvinkinhtNguynTinHng,haycthcnhnh
vnkgiPhanNhtNamcnguthyr(chtinghipchongLutsNguynVnChc,gn25nmsau,trongmtcunschgil"chnh
s"vngianxokhngnhcnnhngtchitolnnyvmilovukhngmtcchccrngThngtaTrQuangvPhtgiolCngSn
nhlchnghngcheducititiptaychoCngSncavnguGioHiCnggioLaM).
NhsthahipcngkhaicaTathnhVatican,CngSnBcVitnmthmcuthtrnmttrnquctphihpvinhngthnh
ququnstrnchintrngricngHoaKkhaisinhraHamBaL19681973,mmnchohichungcuccasphnminNamVitNam.
CcHacBaLlmvnkincs,chnhschcaTaThnhtnm1973tricnglccnghunghn:TpchObservatoreRomano,c
quanngnlunchnhthccaVatican,toarpviphongtrophnchintvnhaitrmngntnhnchnhtrbnhtchungcpCnSnv
lnnchnhquynminNamhiuchin.GiohongtchikhngtipngNguynVnThiutrongchuyncngdugiicquctchnhthcca
ngThiunhnglinohikinvingXunThy,TrngphionCngSnBcVittiBaL.
Chuynphinn:CngSntnchimminNam,thngnhttncbngbolc,chmdtchintranhvchmdtluncuctranhchp
giaCngSnquctvCnggioqucttrntncVitNammuchomttngquanmigiaHNivVatican.Mttngquanm
trongTnggimmcaphnSiGnNguynVnBnhcCngSnchophpxutngoithamdhinghtiVaticanngy5977,chhainm
saukhichimminNam,tuynbtiVitNamcthgingobngngnngMcXt.TrongkhithvLinhmcGiaNikhknhGelinasv
tcoticcaCngSnVitNamtrcUBanNgoiGiaocaHVinHoaKmTaThnhcmngtnaykhngctuynbna,ngthi
phirikhiCanadavhnhotimtlngholnhPhiLutTn 7.MttngquanmtheoTaThnhVaticanangvnngcctn
giothgiigipngnkhontikinthitVitNamvngcli,trongquytrnhtraoi,cngroritvnngvinhcmquynHNitraotrt
dochonhiulinhmcCnggiobgiamcmt1975nnay,ngthi"HNilduhiuchomcaliiChngVinHNioto
cclinhmc...vangtmmicchvnngthmsgiptinbccamitchcquct,cbitltchctngio..." 8.Nutabit
rnggiitrthcPhptnglnnhnhngvintrchoHNil"mtticgitngi"9,thtasthyVaticancnphibovquynlica
mnhnhthnokhibtchplicnhbocacnglun.Vdnhinvouthng6nm1978,trongcucvingthmPhpquccaJohnPaull
II,d"16hioncangiVitqucgiatiPhpgikinnghlnNgiyucuNgilyuytncaotrngcaNgibucHNitntrngnhn
564/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
quyn"10nhngnhngthnhnguyntrmthngkiakhngcGioHonglu.
Nhnlitintrnhbagiaion,tathytrongsutchiudicucchin30nm,chabaogilclngdntcclmchvnmnhcamnh:
TronggiaionMt(4554),CngSnvnngdntcvichiubiclpgiiphngutranhchngThcdnPhpvcctaysaibnxca
HiTruynGioHiNgoitronggiaionHai(5463),ThinChagioquctvtbnHoaKphihpvtrangminNamthnhmttinn
ThinChagiochngCngqualbiNgnhDimgiaionBa(6375)lgiaionphchiliGiohiCnggioVitNamchunbchomt
thchnhtrmi,nuthngCngSnthslmchliminNamVitNam,cnnuthuathsthahipviCngSnchomtthiksngchung
tmthi.
Nhvy,trongcbagiaion,bngnhngmtTDo,CngBngvBci,bngsngn,tinbcvnhngcnbmchaykhngmconh
Dng,vbngmtnimtinstcanhimvTngtiuditmaqummangncCha,ThinChagioquctcquyntchc,
cquynlnho,vcquyntinhnhmtcucThnhchinchngCngtrntnctatrong30nm.Do,cucchinQucCngmta
thnggithtschngbmtvbsu,trongbncht,lmtcucchin"CngCng"quct.Vthtsthtnctabchiait
nm1945khiqunPhptrlingDngchkhngphiinnm1954cngnhminNambthntnhtngyngDimtchnv
nclmtrnnhimvCnggiohaminNamVitNamnm1955chkhngphiin20nmsau.Vtrongcucchin"CngCng",
CngSnquctkhnngoanvndngcyutttthngquantrngnhtlscmnhvchcalngdn,cnThinChagioquctth
thbovkiucngnnbikhidntckhctvchngimnhlit.
ChnglichnghavphongtroCngSnQuctlmtquytnhngnvcnthit,nukhngmunnilmttrchnhimsinhtca
nhngaiyuncyudn.NhngchngCngttthnovdongcnolilnhngyutcbnquytnhsthnhbicacngcuc
chngCng.HaichnhquynNgnhDimvNguynVnThiu,cngnhngaycchnhquynBoi,khngxutsinhtdntc,khng
ngvphadntc,vttnhinkhngutranhchodntcmchltaysailliucanhngthlcngoibangkhc,mamayhnghdi
slnhocanhngthlcthttthnylmsaocththnhcngc.
Cngvy,bachnhquyn"qucgia"chchngCngchocquynclicamtthiusthngtr,choquynlmchcamtstaysaibnx
nhmmtlmnhimvbnhtrngnhhngchoThinChagioQuctvThcDnTBn,thvingclmsaokhngthtbic.
Ktquhinhinrrngvongy20754vngy30475.
Nuchmttrongbachnhquynqucgiabitdavolngdn,bitdngnscdnviphviCngSnnhiphvimtntchnlch
smngchatatngiphtrongsutqutrnhdngncthlmsaoCngSnkhngbtiudit.SchlcCngTmcaNguynTritrong
minmkhngchinchngnhMinh,lyiNghathngHungTn,chngcicotngybnhNghn500nmtrcsao?
CngSnptmtnnchnhtrchuynchnh,mtnnkinhtcnghu,mtnnvnhandch,vmththngxhicngantr.Tachng
CngSnQuctvtabitrngmthcchnhtr,mthckinht,mthcvnha,vmthcxhilmchodntakhvlmcho
nctangho.
TachngCngsnQuct,vcngnhschngbtkmtthlcVitNamhayquctno,chnhvsptnhngmthcsailmch
khngphivnhimvtnghayquynliquct,cngkhngphivtchcnyhaylnhtkia.VnuchngCngmtacngptlnnhn
dnminNammtnnchnhtrctiphndnchgianhtr,mtnnkinhttptrungquynkimsotvthulivchophenhmvbng,
mtnnvnhacthnngoilaiphnlitruynthngdntc,vmtxhimcnganmtvhhipdnlnhthtackhcgCngSnv
nhtnhcngsbtondncmphntiuditmthi.
565/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhtnhcngsbtondncmphntiuditmthi.
ThnhndnvScnhndnlyutttthngtrongcucchintranhVitNam,Cngsnnhnthyvkhnngoanvndngc.Cnccnh
thuchngCngbnxthhockhngnhnthy,hocvbnchttaysaimkhngdmtrnhlichoquanthyquct,nnnhmtcichnh
nghacnthitvphithua.Chnginnhthmchon10nmsaukhithtbi,chinsvchchngCnglcuTngthngRichard
NixoncancMThinChagio,trongtcphmNoMoreVietnam(ArborHouse1985)vnchathycsththinnhinquabatiulun
mngcgngkhaitrin
ThnhtlhiticccvTngthngtinnhimkhngsdngbolcchnhtr,bolcqunsmtcchnglc,nhTrumankhngbuc
thcdnPhpphithnhlpmtqucgiaclpnguviHChMinh,nhEisenhowerkhngymtrkhnglcgiitainBin
Ph,nhKennedykhngtmcchduytrchctinhngchngCngNgnhDim,nhJohnsonngngnmbomBcVitvthamdha
mParistrongthyuNhnghiticvtrchmcchnilntmnhnmymcvthkchcamtchnhtrgiaTyphngduyl,lysc
mnhcakthutvtinbclmyutquytnhthnhbi,cnnhndnVitNamchlthyu.Thtvy,ngHChMinhnmcchnh
nghakhngPhpdnhclpthTrumancthuytphccThcdnPhplpbaonhiuchnhphqucgiacngchphungphthmxngmu
dnVitmthi.EisenhowercciliChurchillvEdengicckhngonB29otngiivychoDeCastriestiinBinPhththctn
vndinrangaytiParisvticcchintrngkhcBcB.KennedycgilclngcbitnSiGngipmtvDimnpbiutnh
vnsngvolclngquniCchmngvonm1963thnhndnchthhnthmvNgnhNhucngcthmcnhbithahip
viHNi.JohnsoncnmthmhngtriutnbomthcngchaHNinmtthahipgiaionvanhvamhunhnthmqun
vincaNgaSchkhngditcquyttmxmlngminNamcaBcqun.NhndnVitNambCngSnquctiungchng
Mvtaysai,nhndnHoaKquyttmchmdtchintranhthscmnhno,bolcnongncnc.
PhbnhKennedynghvicltTngthngDimnm1963lmtlpluncsdngtrongmisch,bicangNixonchtrchith
chnhtrquantrngnhtcaing.KhngnhngtrongNomoreVietnammctrong"HikNixon"hoc"CucChinThtS"(TheRealWar),
ngNixonkhngtbmtchinophvuytncangigychongthmbichnhtrvitrongcucbucTngthngMnm1960.
Bnnngtrthhinrkhingvitnhngiuditrhinnhinnh"Vnnptngio(VitNam)lmtchuynhontondngng"(No
moreVietnam,tr.65)theocnglplunvikgiHoiNgMargueritteHiggins,hockhingphivitnhngiumuthunnh:ng(Dim)troi
thngphiuthng98.2%trongcucTrngCuDnnm1955(tr.39)ringaytrangsaulivitchcminNammicbuctdonm1956.
VaicngbitThngTaThchTrQuanghinangbCngSnqunthctiSiGn,vymngNixondnhgnnatrangcchng
minhThngTalCngSn(tr.66).Ngitacthnicuc"chintranhthts"caingNixonlchinuhuytncacTngthng
Kennedy.
TiulunthhailbnhvcccthnhqucaNixonvxcnhtnhcchuvitcaqunsiphviCngSn.Bathnhqulnnht
mngcpnlVitNamhachintranh,hamBaL,vrtqunMkhiVitNam.Bathnhqunychnilnmtcchrrngthm
tnhcchquccamtsiucngcquynligingmctoncuvsnsnggiiktmigiaockhiquynliHoaKbthithi.iunyl
rkhingphnhnstnbocachthucaPhpVitNam(tr.25)hoctrngtrnvitrngnhngngiqucgiachnnghthcdn
PhphnltheochcngCngSn.
SsinicangtrongkhicpnbathnhqunylchcgngbinhchosthtbidnhincachngtrnhVitNamHavcho
quytnhmrngchintranhquaCaoMin.TuythanhnrnghipnhngngchinParischophphngvnlnhCngSncliminNam
vtognhnngqucphngchominNam(mttMkimminm),nhngngchorngchnhQuchicangDnChvbn"phnchin"
lthphmchnhcttngunqunvinnynnminNammibCngSntnchim.Mtlnna,talithyschlcchngCngcang
Nixonchlyngtin,vlcvmtstaysailmnnmngmkhngphthinracmuchtthtscacucchintiVitNamvntrcht
lmtcucchinginhlynhntm.
566/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
lmtcucchinginhlynhntm.
Tiu lun cui cng v cng l mc quan trng nht ca cun sch cho nc M tng lai "khng cn nhng Vit Nam na" (No More
Vietnam)lmtnghchochnhschthamchintnglaigm"mtcchqucphngvngmnhcngvimtchngtrnhkinhvinhuhiu
khuynkhchccnctamphttrindoanhnghipvtngcnggiaothngviHoaK".lnhngnghkhnglyglmcovlivn
ly"cchqucphng"v"giaothngviHoaK"lmvkhmkhngnhgitmquantrngcavaitrnhndnHoaKvnhndnqucgia
tamtrongchnhschthamchin.
cxongcunNoMoreVietnamcangNixon"ngitacthtnnhimtmhiubitcangvtcchcamtcuTngthng,nhngschng
khngtrchdnxutxmtcchrrng" 11vnchcgitrtiucccamtthichytitrclchsbngcchlichongikhc.c
xong,"nhiungimunqunvnVitNam,nhngnhiungikhcmunqunlunngNixon" 12khngnhngvqukhbtlngchnhtr
cangmcnvtrongvnVitNam,ngkhnghccbihcnocngoilithanccrng"cucthamchindi30nmcaMTi
VitNamlqutvqutr"13.
L lnh t ca mt siu cng vi y iu kin kinh t v qun s hnh x nh mt cng theo ngha rng nht ca ch quc, ng
Nixon,gn15nmsauvWatergate,tixcnhnbnchtquctrongtcphmNoMoreVietnam.
Lsnphmtiubiunhtchoucduyl,duykinhtvcthnTyphng,ngNixoncathkth20cngnhHiTruynGioHiNgoi
cathkth19xemdntcVitNam,tncVitNamnhmtthngimandi,mtthtmircnkhaihavlmch.Chnhh
khaisinhraCngSntiVitNamvcngchnhhnmlycquynchngCng.nkhichngCngkhngnithlicngchnhhthahip
viCngsnhaylichongikhc.
lthivcungcchhnhxcanhngthlcquctmthamvngquctrnchaimtchnhtrlnvnha,thquynlngioquyn,
lnguynycatrmngnghncaychoccdntcnhctiu"mandi".Nhngcnnhnglclngbnxlmucuchoccthlcquct
thsao?VcthchotnctavicngngCnggioVitNamthsao?.
NutakhngthphnhnhnhmtbphncadntcvlmtlclngchngCngmnhlittronghn30nmqua,thtacngkhngth
phnhnctrchnhimlchscahtrongvichptcviqunPhpxmlngvtrongvicchoCngSnqucttonthngVitNam.
tvnraylmtlnchorrngminhbchtrnnghangbovcngnhnvmthngtrongtnglaicadntc:
1.Thnhtlhcdtccitruynthngcngrncngnhcaqukhcngviikhidntclmkthakchnhthngcattin,
dmclptcngchnglimicucxmlngntbtkmtthlcngoibangno,dibtkmtdngthivnhachnhtrhayquns
nokhng?khim"cGioHongJohnPaulIIkhngnhlbnphmchyucamttusltrungthnhviGiohivlngtrungthnhny
khnghpvicchotngchnhtr?"14.
2.ThhailtrongnhimvraogingncuricaThinCha,hctchricthquynvgioquynnglidngthchnhquynm
chpcctngiokhc,mdmntsinhlcvnhocadntc 15,mptnhngplctmsinhllnngidnkhng,khimtnchca
hl"tunphcquyngiohuncaGiohiCnggioRoma"v"iviccsvicvccbinc,phibitcdinhsngcatruynthng
Gio hi" 16 , mt truyn thng c nhng triu i ca cc Gio hong nh Mitiades (311314) v Silvester (314315) say sa quyn lc, nh
StephenIV(768772)vLoeIII(795816)kiucngsao,nhBonifaceVIII(12941303)vUrbanV(13621370)ctictn...vhinihn,
nhmtPiusXII(19391958)thohipviPhtxtMussolini,mtPaulVI(19631978)lmlichoCngsn,mtJohnPaulII(1978)anghysinhcc
567/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nhmtPiusXII(19391958)thohipviPhtxtMussolini,mtPaulVI(19631978)lmlichoCngsn,mtJohnPaulII(1978)anghysinhcc
dntcbpbcvquynlicaGiohiLaM,nnilinhmcNamPhiDesmondTutu,ngidotgiiNobelHobnh1984,phithngthit
kugorngkhingidatrngnthchngtictaivhccunKinhthnh.Chngtinhmmtciucunguyntheoschdncah.
KhichngtimmtngngulnthchngticcunKinhthnhcnngidatrngctaicachngti 17,vsauchnhJohnPaulII
phithnhcu"ccdntcPhiChuhythathchoccngiCnggiotrong400nmquanhbtgcrcahngtriungiPhiChuv
binhthnhdnnltiuvMChu".18
3.Cuicngvkhnthithnc,ltrnconnggiiphngdntckhiholnCngSn,hcchucciaunhcamtGiohiVit
NamvnimvuilncacmtdntcmngthohipviCngSnquctngvslthucchuviTothnhVaticanmdtbsidy
ngbovicncngvsaysavinhimvtngchngmaqumkhngkhpmnhngvtrcamtbphntrongtonblclng
utranhcanhndnkhng?
ChkhinolclngCnggioVitNamtrongnccngnhngoinctmccutrlithongchobavnnnlnbngtmthcca
dntcVit(chkhngphi"dntccChachnla")dinhsngtruynthngvnminhVit(chkhngphi"truynthngGiohiLaM")
lmkthakchnhthngcalchsVit,thlc,vchlc,trnconnggiiphngtnchcdntcvdntcch.
DnVitkhngmtnc,dnVitcngkhngmtminNam.ChcmtthiusdnVitmtimtnnCngHodohaivTngthngCnggio
lnho.CngSnlmtch,CngHocnglmtch,lmtmtxchtrongtonbtintrnhthngtrmcalchsncta,nhcctriu
iinh,L,L,Trn,Nguyn,cctriuicmtinhngngidncbaogimtncu.Tisaoliphinghovimtchxcnh
ltacnnchaymtnctisaolicnctrnmtvtradktlunlncangcnhayncmt.
TnhnlmtnctclchmdtvnhvinslinhvilchsVitNam,vidntcVitNam,viphonghaVitNam.NgiCnggioVit
NamcnglconchugingdiLcHnghylmchtncny,hyxydngtncny,hytrvtrongvngtayuicadntckhai
mmtvnhimichononsng.
o0o
NutrongphnucachngnytidnhsuynghimvbnchtcacucchinVitNamvvvaitrcaGiohiCnggiotrongstht
bicahainnCngHa,thphnhaicaLiKtLun,tixinmomuitrnhbynhngsuynghimcamnhvslinhgiaPhccvS
MnhnhmtquannimsngngphngquacucicangNgnhDim.
Mnhqutngtina,Tt.Mnhtintngphv,Tnguy(VngSung)nghalngicmnhquthdavtitincngsthnht,cn
mnhmtitinthdavphqucngslmnguy.VngSunglmtttnggiaTrungHoavinhngtngNhnChCchMng,ng
khngtincmtvThngtonnngtonquynnmgivchiphimivt,mngclinngcaobnvconngivnldoThinahp
kh,VnVttsinhPhuPhhpkh,TTsinhh.
Smnhconnginukhngdomtvchatvhnhvvtnhnhotthttnhinphidochnhnginmlytonquyniung:
conngitlmchlymnh.HtNHNtatrngtno,chmbnralmsaothsratriQUnhth,mciBitNghipcngnhBit
PhchangtrongciCngNghiphayCngPhccagianh,dngh,dntc,nhnloitrngtrngipiptcngvocucica
ngi.PhcphnvSmnhsinhratmchtvtnhtnhconngi,ricbiulmtcchchthngquavcdng,dinmobnngoim
khnnggiioncaconngitheothigianmtdntnhchnhxc"nhxtciu,cihclbitcdunglng.inhPhmLixem
tngVitCuTincdimmquthbitrngngiy"khcnghonnn,btkhcngvnhlc",nhUtLiuxemtngTnThyHongsng
568/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
tngVitCuTincdimmquthbitrngngiy"khcnghonnn,btkhcngvnhlc",nhUtLiuxemtngTnThyHongsng
mito,mtdivaichimng,tingsicuthbitltnhngitnc,tnhnngha".19
TngngDim,TheoonThm,minhnthongquathcvngbnhnglthngbcaccTngcThngThthiPhpthuc.
Nhnkhnththy"thnthngDimnglcthtbton,bililchbch,haicnhtaybinhra,dmtvhayngngnghutrcm
ng".thngDimlic"cpmttrngnhn,trngtrngnhiuhntrngen,bnhthngtngthngngiidinmkhinngginthi
mt y on hn, dung mo d nh ngi say ru, l nhn dng v tng mo ca k tiu nhn" (xem "Nhng Ngy Cha Qun" ca on
Thm,tr223).
Citngkhngphitnhinmc,nlbiuhinthkchbnngoicaPhccdochamttintruynlichochnhmnh.
NgiVitNamtakhngnhngtinmtcchanhthpvomtditruynthchtv,phnno,tnhtnhconngi,mcntintuytivonh
hngnhngiulmlnhcachamnisngcaconci.
Cyxanhthlcngxanh
Chamlmlnhcchocon
Ciccachamngblmttrnglngtinhthntrnbncn"mayri"mngitagptrongcucsng.CiPhcdochnhcitcchsng
trongqukhvtronghinticangitamcnglmttrnglngkhcnatrnbncny.Vphcthttnhinlthiumc.Mk
vphcthdhcgii,dkhnngoan,dtibalilccngnghnggpnhngmaymnivcngnghngmtngthinglingbtc
mtogionophtrchoc
Phccchnhlmtmuschung(dnominateurcommun)cattccctngiocnhhngVitNam.
Mtkhc,cisphncaconngitakhngdoscnginhotnimldotinnhtviclnnvicnh,tthilmquanlmgiu,
nlyvlychngsinhconci,nmnnginngilm,nmaubnhtt,taichchtchcmchoncmayrivtvnhnhn
ungna:
Vchinungsthng
Cngcntinnhkhthngll.
lnghipnhkhngcngc,cngkhngkhoekhnkhoegiic.Phisaochuvymthi.Nghipnhvchrtronglngbntayv
ngaytrntngmt,ingcangita.CngnhlsTVicangitamngysinhthngviccsaonhotht.
Domccmchalvmphn,Dngtrchnhhngncucsngcangita,cngliukhngthgiithchmtcchhplc
mchcphitinlcmthi.20
Phitinlcvnkhngntschvtchng,cngkhngntnhnghnhthcmhoccathnquynmtnhngchngnghimthct
cahngtrmthhVitNamkhutruyntchancondctheochiudivnhacancta.
569/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ngDimchngmaysinhratmtgianhthiuPhccvynghipchngchonntnhtnhthamsnsivcucilmhonnn.Nhng
honnnmnggnhchu(ngayclclmnnguynthqucgia)khngphitruiluynchongthnhanhhngmdmngvovngbn
thnbidanhlit,hungcthtrnchonhngtilicachnhngvgiatcNgnh,chongnVayTrcaTrit.
MttrngntiulintiHichBanMThutnm1957cachinsCaoi,mtngymsngnkhpthnhSiGnnm1960cabinh
chngNhyD,haitribomsmstlmspdinhcLpnm1962cahaiphicnganhdng"nhlicnhcocamtHaCngmngvn
thngkugisphtrlinhdiu"21cngkhnglmchongvanhemngmmttnhng.
Rinm1963,cgianhng,tanhtrngGimmcNgnhThcnemtlnhchaminTrungNgnhCn,phngtaynpPhtgio,
mttngiocdntcnuidngvnuidnglidntcthainghnnmlchs,chnnghnqukh,khnhcngihinti.Thng
Tmlchnm,saukhilnhcmtreoccbanra,giabutritrongsngvcinngchichangcaCHu,mttingsmngn
ratrnbutrivongNg.TiasttelanhngvongimcaCNgnhKhlmvtungtaivnclngdnHu.Phichngltia
stttrmnmlmtaysaichogic,tminmchpvnhadntcrcvnhangoibangvptlnnhndn.ltingstca
triVitNam,catVitNam,cangiVitNam.Vtachcthcmnhncntrongcinhnngphngtuyhuynbnhngctht,vch
suthngvkhngbitbaonhiuthnghncadnminNamsau,baanhemngDimntitrcLchsvDntcbngnhngcicht
thmnhcnht.
Theolthngthdntclmchtncnnvnmnhcatquclinhnvnmnhcadntcmgiaitnglnholgiaitngtiubiu.
DntcVitNamcnhngnhlnhoanhhngtictrmtritcngnhcnhngbochahidnhincmunibnguynra.
Tthk20,vnncaoannnngltngtrotncanhThChin,nctaphivnlntheongngiGiithckhpngTy
ginhlicLpThngNhttrnsnhgmvc,nhngsinhlcsuykitnntachcnhngnhlnhonhhaingHChMinhvLDun
minBc,vccngBoi,NgnhDim,NguynVnThiuminNam.
TrongbanhlnhominNamthngDimcyiukinlmmtcuccchmnghagiintchncalchshuxydngmtthi
imichodntc.ngcHoaKliuph,ngchaBcCngcngliuphvchnhyunhtngclngdnminNam.Nhngvgn
100nmtruynthngCnggiokiuThcdnnnglntmhnng,gn5nmchuchctcaquynlcngoibangnyncaquyn
lcngoibangkhclmmlngtmng,nnCHiLnchuynngmngvnlbmlygcrmcntcaqukhlmkitqu
thmsinhlccadntc,mngchoCngSnthntnhphncnlicuicngcaquhng.
ngDimlphsncannvnminhTyphngThinChagio,ngcnglnnnhncamtcuchnphimincnggiahnhophong
kinvqucthcdn.ngkhngccciCHNcangphng,cngnhciMcaTyphngnnnhmtciTHINbnchtca
conngi.ChnkhngngvngtrntM,taykhngmrngtinhlcvnminhkhccanhnloinnngnglkhngnhngsinhlmthi
imcnsinhlmctqucna.
NhnvphngTy,ngkhngbngcmtDeGaullenmgainmmt,ngmngnutcaythnhcngtrongvicgiiphngncPhp
nhngsau,dctnsngnhmtanhhngcuquc,vnhailntchcTngthngyuyquyn(1946v1969)vbitnhndnhttn
nhim,vlngcColombeyLesDeuxEglisestiptctrmtvnhngphngthphchiscmnhvuytnchotquc."Tikhngng
nhngtikhngccchnongnchntnhtrngnyngoicchptchcti,iumtikhngmunvchcchnlsdnnv.V
vymtitchc"22,v"vtnhtrngphchicancPhpckhquanvvvaitrlnhotronggiaionchuyntipcatikhngcn
cnthitnanntixintchc"23.HailituynbvakhimtnvaytinhthntrchnhimvchanchalngyunccamtkphngTy
hkhnglmthnthngvnhthcclngtmcanhngphntCnLaoCngGiocnangbmnhbilinguyn"Tichttrthcho
570/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
hkhnglmthnthngvnhthcclngtmcanhngphntCnLaoCngGiocnangbmnhbilinguyn"Tichttrthcho
ti"cangDimsao?!.
CngnhnvphngTythymtnginhngDim(lTngthngutincamtcucgia)khnglidnguyquynvnhngkhkhn
ctibmvoavmvinhthnphgia:TngGeorgeWashingtonxngphatrnmcchinthngoqunhAnhCtLivgpphn
khaisinhHipChngQuctrong"bicnhtaolonvbtnnssngcncaqucgiamickhaisinhchachccbom" 24.
c bu lmTng thng, khng nhng uy tn ca ng ln lao thm v ring ng c ton dn yu mn gi l Quc Ph m ng cn nm ton
quynqunstrongtay,nhngvnkhngbaogilmdngtnhtrngctncti,vnluntntrngkincanhndnquaBnTuyn
Bclp.TrongsuttmnmlThngthng(17761784),nglun"ngtrnmiphephivnicccangbaogmcthnhphnbothln
tinb"25cngquytxydngnhngtruynthngchnhtrcbnttpchomtncMdnchvtdosauny.
LmtsnphmcaPhp,licnhonntrongtayMcuicngc"bng"vnc,ngDimchhcccixumkhngtinhlcc
cittcachnhhaiqucgianuidngng.ngchcnvncvdnchkhngvCnggio,khngvdnghNgnhthdngcbtti
thtbitrvnginhhiuqunhPhCam,ngvntrthnhanhhngcadntc.Nhngngkhnghnhxnhth:Thisngngo
mncang,quanimlnhoctnctnhcchThinMnhcang,chnhschcaitrqucgiacticaanhemnglmchongtr
thnhmtbocha,mtgiogianhichnhdntc,chnhtngiocang.
Quaylinhnvngphng,tathykhngthiunhngnhlnhotibacngngmnhthnthnhvciukintrthnhctn
trongmtxhicnchmtinvthnquynmvnkhimtnvtrchnhimnhnthyvtrcamnhtrongnhngbctinthoicacuci.Mt
UnucaMinin,mtShigeruYoshidacaNhtBn,mtPhcChnhHycaiHn,mtGandhicanNhngngidthtbihay
thnhcng,dchtmmhaychtbtckt,ulitronglngdntchmtnithngticvmtnimkiuhnhvi,cngnhc
anvhngtrngtrnbialchscatquch.
Cngnhnvphngngvthnthithntronglchsncta,mtLThnhTnyudnnhyucon,mtLAnhTngbit"tuthnlthn
trongbtrongnhdmtrnbngmng,andnlknhtrngkdihihngnhcinganmdycngmc",mtTrnThiTng"tbngai
vngnhtbmtigiyrch"26v"lymuncathinhlmmuncamnhvlytmthinhlmtmcamnh",mtTrnNhnTnglp
chrng"trongnhngianvncnngiikhthTrmkhngcynlng"NhngngDimkhngthycnhngtmgngchiliv
ngkhngphilkthakchnhthngcalchsVitNam,tlngdntcVitNammxutsinhngtuylmTngthngmkhngthcng
nvaitrchnhnchthccatnccvangvngtruynilith"NamqucsnhNamc"caLThngKitmchhnhxcho
quynlmchcaccthlcngoibangthgiatccangcngnhchnhngkhngtuthnlotoCnhchomnhvPHClncho
thinhnncuicngngphichtnhmttihnh.
Ticangmtphn,nhngcnglciticaChangcangna.LunlutngngtrongcinhlutNhnQuNhnDuyncakipngi:
KinhPhtdyrng"NhtThitPhp,NhtDuynSinh"nghalttcccphpudonhnduynmsinhra.Licngni:LyNhnDuyn,BitV
Ng.CibnhnduynrakhngcnggilNg(ta)nac.NghalttcsvtukhngcTTnhmchnhnhnduynhilimin
tungnh"C".
Nhn(nguynnghalhtging)tcmisvtccinnglcsinhraQu(nghaenltri).
DuynlsvthtrchoNhn,gipchoNhnsinhraQu.TnhhtlacscphttrinsinhracylathhtlalNhn,cylalQu,mtt
cnhngiukinthuntinnht,Nc,Phn,...gipchohtlasinhracylaugilDuyn.CngnhchatalciNhnsinhrata,nhng
571/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cnhngiukinthuntinnht,Nc,Phn,...gipchohtlasinhracylaugilDuyn.CngnhchatalciNhnsinhrata,nhng
lilcon(Qu)cangnita(Nhn).
NhnDuynhohpvinhaumisinhravnphp.NucNhnmkhngcDuynthNhndcscNngSinhcngkhnglmsaosinhraQu
na.TmlicNhnvcDuynmisinhravnphp.
Nhkhoahctrckiavvtlcngnhnlmvtchtlthngtrkhngtiudit,nhnghinnaykhoahcvtltinbvchngminh
rngvtchtkhngphilthngtr,ncthbinmttrongnhymt.Nhngcishuditnycngchlhuynditmthi.Lvvtchttuy
btiuditmthcsditilsinhrannglc,mnnglcditilvtchtsinhra...Haicicthbinilnnhau...ChonnSinhv
Ditcngchlgitngcasbinho,cnbnththchatngsinhditcngchatngngbin.
LutNhnQukhngbshnchcathigian:cciitrctrngNhnnhngnihintimigpDuynmthnhraQu.Cngccii
nytrngNhnmminisauvisaunamithnhraQu.CngcciinytrngNhnmngaytrongiythnhQu...tacn
phixemnhngDuyncoicykhngmonnhsmauchm.27
CnhnqubonhntintrongtrnghpgiatccahaingNgnhKhvNguynHuBiththylitrilnglnglmsaotrnhchokhi!
ThmtrngnitingmaicngbitcahaigianhthgiavngtcxcnhthmrngPhcclnguncicakipphsinh,aigieogith
gtbovthincouchunghubo.
l nhng nguyn tc huyt mch trong thi sng v phong cch nhp th ng phng, nhng nguyn tc m ngy nay "sng trong nhng
ncTyphnglnhngnccnnvnminhvvnhoKitgio,ngthiiphndnchngcnglngitheooThinCha" 28nhng
aicn"thitthaviol,vivnhovvitruynthngdntcuminhnghimcmiedovshngchndovnminhkthutemti"
29t"btutmhiuthgiiPhtgiongmlmlc(ti)qunrngcngt(ti)csinhra,clnln,chpthtrong
tinhthncngnhtrongtimthc".30
Thmtrngcahaigianh,dxyragnmtphntthk,cnglmtthngipchonhngngiCngSnVitNam,nhngngiCng
gioVitNam,vnhngngiangxthnquangphctqucvmtnghalchsvmtnghathii.
nghalchslsbinngctnhtunhoncaths,clnnttnhthcngscxungntncng.TiVitNam,giohiCng
giolnvxung,bygiCngSnanglnncaoimthcngsxungtrongtnglai.
nghathiilnhnggctnhcchquvtuytisbothi,tnglaithucvsnhpnhngcnxngcanhngilc,canhng
thnhtbitHovbitHochohpviconngivthinnhin.
o0o
PhncuicngcachngThayLiKtLunnyxincdngtrangtrilitmsnhvithhtnglaicadntc,angtrongnchay
ngoinc,angbnnyhaybnkiacanhngchintuynchnhtrvvnho.
TiraivlnlnttQungBnhauthngnhnglilmnhtkiuhngnhmitctthinglingkhccatquc.XtlithQung
Bnh qu l a linh nhn kit vi nhng danh nhn trong lch s xut hin hay cng tc ni y: T o Duy T vi lu Trng Dc nh Bc
572/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Bnh qu l a linh nhn kit vi nhng danh nhn trong lch s xut hin hay cng tc ni y: T o Duy T vi lu Trng Dc nh Bc
TrngThnhchotiHongKVim,NgnhDim,VNguynGip,ThchTrQuang,HonhLinh...khngtthnhiubaophenchctri
khuync,kraingilimdnging,kmtngicnciquannhlun 31.Titriquamtcucithunghokhnhng
thanhbch,mhitrntngtctilymingn,vlylutrelng,ngrungkhlmvtrxinpvtolncamnh.
Blicuntrongcnlclchs,tilynhngquytnhbnhthngnhtrmngnngidnVitkhc:chngTyhvchngCngSnc
ti.khngphilnhngquytnhchnhtrctnhtonmlnhngphnngctnhbnnngvctnhcchtruynthng.Bpbcthvng
ln,bkimchthphnkhng,tnhinnhtrthikhtthbvm.Quytnhquantrngcsuynghimthcschchailn:Lnthnhtl
tmphcthitquancaThngThNgnhDimmbgianh,blngxmtheongutranhcholtngclplnthhailph
chcticaTngThngNgnhDimkhingphnbiquhng,yodntc,mmuthohipvikth.
Haiquytnhvtlntrnlnht,vtrangoich,mchnhmtrungtrinhvitncvnnghavingbo.Trungtrinhvinhlng
hngkhi,vicuaoxiuvonnghavihhngthnxm,mbcnhaukhaivncmnngchua.Khngbitnutisinhratmtgia
nhquynqucaphnhoahi,chchnhkhoabngvnsungmcsngthtichnhxnhthkhng,nhngcmtiuchcchn
ltisngkh,snglnh,sngivinhngngidnthanhbntrnnhngmnhtcmcicaquhng,nnticmnhnvutranh
mtcchtnhinsinichonhngmctiucvtrutngnhcLp,TDo,Bnhng,ThnhVng...
Bihclnutinmtihcctltiyuquhngkhngphivquhngxinhphayxuxa,giumnhhaynghokh,mti
yuquhngvticmt,sngcngchiaxvuibun,sngkh,vinhnhcvingboruttht.Thiuslinikhngkhtchc
tnhyuquhngsddangtnli.Thiustnhthccamtcucsnghinthcchctichlkyuncquanhnghnhbngchquanm
hvnhiukhikhngthc.
Bihclncuicngmtihcctlkhiyuquhngthphixthnbovvnuidngn.nglntrnmirngbucchnhtr,
minhchtngio,milinhlnhtvongutranh.Tilstipnitnhincamttinnhnvdanhnotthilpquc,bp
bcthchng,bxmlngthnh,bvthxydngchkhnglngmtch,buccnccvnhovltngutranhvomttriui
no,mtchno,haymtthchno.Thiustdocltilkxunngmamayquaycungchchichodntcmthi.
NutnhthcvtdotrongcucsnglmtphongthihnhThinthTnhthcvTdotrongutranhgipticmtthinghimchnhkhi
yuncyudn.
Ngoira,baminmvonghotng,tithmnhiubn,cngnhthmlmth.Bnbtnhnghanisaochoht,thnghchonhn
nimychova!Bnghucnsnghaymt,chntrigcbinnothcngthymlngkhitngnhnnhaucnkththsotlichc
hailoilCngSnVitNammtthitngchongimusttivchcchnbygibnn"nmuvinhndn"vncnhiulc.Loikth
thhailthiusphntCnLaoCngGiohoiNgcnsngsthingoi,thnhthongtmcchxuyntcbinhcnhnti.Nhngvchai
loiulkthchungcacncnnringti,cuii,khimitcbctrngvtmnhtrongciholnlaobaotrmcdntc,tich
thythngxthvmonglnhchohhn.Vnichortro,nghchotitncng,thnhngHChMinh,nhngNgnhDimcuicngcng
chlnnnhncacnlclchs,cacuckhnghongthiiangkhngchdntcta.Lnhtcahththnhngthuchcah,thiu
TnhthcvTdo,cnthmthngnmcno.
Cunschnycvitra,khilychNgnhDimvlclngCnggioVitNamlmitngsoisngthmlchshinicaVit
Nam,nhtlbtcvovictruytmnguynnhnspcahaichCngHo,cngcthtothmmtskthvmtsbndmcch
cacunschnykhngphiphncnglunti.Vicyphicdnhchomtsngikhc,trongmtthikkhc,vtrcbnthtin
573/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
cacunschnykhngphiphncnglunti.Vicyphicdnhchomtsngikhc,trongmtthikkhc,vtrcbnthtin
nhnvtrnvonglinhcabitbaonhiungbotnnsutbaminmxngmu,ailngikhngcti.
thiimny,saukhiignhttrncucsngngicngnhcucsngutranh,tivitcunschnychnggpthmchothh
ngiVitbygivmaisaucthmtiliucktmtcchchnhxchnbihclchscathikauthngnhtvphctpnhtcadn
tcVit.Ngoira,nunhngngiangvsutranhcicintlchsoannghitangbpchtbctincatquc,rtctlik
chuynmcmcvtmtnhchnthtnynhngsuytchquclidn,thliuvtxangoitmnguyncati.
o0o
Thnnhin,nhhuhonv
VnmcXunvinhThuhukh
Nhmvnthnhsuy,vbu
Thnhsuynhlthouph
(Thnnhsmchp,crikhng
CyciXunti,Thuhohon
Nhncucthnhsuyngshi
Thnhsuy:ngncgitsnghng)
VnHnhThinS
nthnhsuycacmtqucgia,cacmtthhcnccoinhmtgitsnghngtrnngnctrongvtrbaolavthigianvtnny,
thvtmthylmtrngicmngtinsinhy(LngA)viphncuicngcagicmngltpschny,titchophpmnhmmingci
tancuconth(PhanBiChu),huluivvilikinhcukcaktuhnh,nhncucinhmngobonh,xemthsnhbtsngchiu
hmtnay,nhmmtbttaingmmingphibihngtrn.
DimmyTn,quhngnghntrngnucmtngytrongsng,thnmmvngnitlchcsnhoati.
Hingoi,TrngngtSu(1985)
HonhLinhMu
574/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Sauhn60nmxavng,tcgitrlilngcThNga(tnmilQungThun),nichnnhauctrnQungBnh,cnglyttintinh
thTngh
BBccuHinLngtrnsngBnHi,gingsngphncchdntct1954n1975.
TcgiMu,phpdanhPhThun,btdanhHonhLinh,tthngy11thng4nm2002(tc29thng2nmNhmNg)tiFountainValley,
bangCalifornia,HoaK.
575/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
nglichcthdnconchuhatngthnxc,htrotichaLinHoaHoaK100ngy,risau,khiiukinthuntinthmangv
chncttiququnQungBnh
Phngiucamtnginghng,ngovngch
nhTrngSnvivicycao
ChTrungHiumyngnmgcT
GingNhtLminmansngv
NghaNhnLunbinrngthmNgunn
ThngtaTuS
576/611
10/28/2016
tVitNamphngving
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
13thng4nm2002
1 NCD,QucGiahayQucGian,trongnguytsanDnQuyn(s86thng485),tr.17.
2 CaovnLun,BnGingLchS19401975,tr.123.
4 RobertShaplen,TheCultofDiem,tunboNewYorkTimes(sngy14572).
7 VitNamHiNgoi(s7ngy1977),tr.115
8 TunboNgiVit(s24ngy26980).
9 BernardHammel,ResistanceEnIndochine19751980,vnhtboPhpFigarosrangy1311981.
10 TpchQuM(sthng778).
11 WilliamA.Henry,RichardNixon'sToughAssessement,tunboTime(sngy15485).
12 TpchTrngSn,(s4ngy11485).
13 WilliamA.Henry,RichardNixon'sToughAssessement,tunboTime(sngy15485).
14 TunboVitNamTDo,(s225ngy181285),tr.2.
15 Chonnm1965,cphpGiohiLaM,ngiCnggioVitNammicthcngngB.Trongtnglai,numtvGiohong
khchubphpnythngiCnggioVitNamccnthcngngBhaykhng?
16 NguytsanDnCha,TnChvMcch,trangba.
17 TuynbviitruynhnhCBSnhnchuynvingthmMnm1984.
18 NhtboTheRegister,(sngy14885,phnF3).
19 TrnTrngKim,NhoGio,tr.65.
20 LvnSiu,VitNamVnMinhSCng,tr.148150.
22 CharlesDeGaulle,MmoiresDeGuerre,Vol2,tr.297
23 CharlesDeGaulle,MmoiresDeGuerre,Vol2,tr.297
24 WayneCole,AnInterpretiveHistoryofAmericanForeignRelations,tr.13,63.
25 WayneCole,AnInterpretiveHistoryofAmericanForeignRelations,tr.13,63.
26 LKhiVit,HaiNgnNmVitNamvPhtGio,tr.23.
27 NguynDuyCn,PhtHcTinhHoa,tr.125,173.
577/611
10/28/2016
28
29
30
31
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrvvioPht,TrthcCnggioNguynXuynVit,TpchQuM,s48,Paris1981.
ThanhGiangS,VNguynGiplai?,NguytsanThcTnh,s94,nm1982.
"HonhLinh"lbthiucatitngytptnhvongvitlchthucnthanhnin.NiHonhsngLinhlnhnghnhnhthn
thngcaquhngruttht,khnkhttheotitrnbcngvinhnhccacuci(ThanhGiangSlmttrongnhngbthiucahc
giThivnKim).
Hnhnh1
AlexandreDeRhodes(cL)
(15931660)
"Ti tin rng v nc Php ngoan o nht trong tt c cc vng quc nn s cung cp cho ti nhiu qun lnh i chinh phc ton th ng
Phng,vtistmraphngcchthudngnhiuGimmcvGiosngiPhpcaiqunccnhthminy"
HelenB.Lamb:Vietnam'sWilltoLive,1985,trang38v39
"VitNam:ylmtvtrcnphichimlyvkhichimcvtrnyththnggiauchustmcmtngunlinhunvcctinguyn
578/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
phongph"
NhXutbnKhoahc:LchsVitNam,1976,trang304
PierreJosephGeorges
PigneaudeBhaine(ChaC)
(17411799)
VGiosthakvthchincacL,ngiuchoNguynnhvsaunydnHongtCnhnbkinvuaLouisXVIxinqun
vinvkHipcVersailles
(28111787),hipcutinbnncVitNamchothcdnPhp
579/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
GeorgesThierryd'Argenlieu
(18841964)
CutusCnggiogingCarmlite,cHiqun,CaoyutincathcdnPhptingDng.
580/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
KNgoiHuCng
(1882?)
BiutngtinhthncaccnhmchnhtrVitNamchngPhpnhngthnNhttrongthpnin40'
TngGimmcTrnhNhKhu
ChutrchnhimGiophnHNitnm1954
581/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
GimmcPhmNgcChi
NgivanxinitVanuxemngrtqunPhpkhiBcVit.Sau1954,caiqunGiophnNng,phtchoCvnChoNgnhCn
trongngCnLaotiminTrung.
itLeRoy
582/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TlnhQuniCngGioBnhi(BnTre,KinHa),lclngthnbinhcaQuniPhp,angphdccBX.
CcngHChMinh,TrngChinh,VNguynGipvTrungtA.PeterDewey,
Trngnhm7ngiO.S.S.(OfficeofStrategicServices).DeweybVitMinhbnnhmtrnngraphitrngtiSiGn(1945)vlqunnhn
MtnnutintiVitNam.
583/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
itngVNguynGip(1912)
ThnhlpiVtrangTuyntruyn34ngitichinkhuBcVitngy22121944vchhuyQuniNhndntronghaicucchintranhchng
liqunivinchinhPhpvMsauny.
584/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
GiochCaoiPhmCngTc(18931956)viHVQuntrcTaThnhThttiTyNinh
TngTrnhMinhTh
585/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TlnhQuniQucgiaLinMinhCaoi
BtnnbmttiCuChY(1955)SiGntronglcgiaotranhvilclngvtrangBnhXuyn.
TngthngNgnhDimangntipHngY AgagianantiSiGn(1959)nhndpTathnhVaticannngnhthcBlnhngVng
CungThnhng
TngthngNgnhDim,ngigiaisTrnVnChngvThngNghsHenryCabotLodge,trongchuyncngduHoaK(1957)
586/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngthngNgnhDim,ngigiaisTrnVnChngvThngNghsHenryCabotLodge,trongchuyncngduHoaK(1957)
HnhnmCuhongBoitrongchindchhnhcdochnhphNgnhDimtchctrongcucTrngcuDnngy23101955
CucbiutnhvitiSiGnnm1947yucucuhongBoi(angHngKng)hihngchpchnh.
587/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
LutsNguynHuTh
ChtchMttrnDntcGiiphngMinNamVitNamtrongmt
builtuynthtimtkhuminNamvouthpnin60
588/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngLQuangVinh(bitdanhBaCt)
ChhuymtlclngvtrangHaHochngcVitMinhlnPhp,trcTanQunsCnThnm1956.TchikhngchuphpRaTi
caCnggio.
Do,bbcnxinnxnnbchtuvtthibchtnhemdubittch
589/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CcThngtaThchHGic,ThchThinMinhvThchTrQuang(ttriquaphi)
590/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngNivngboPhttangutranhchoTdoTnngngvCngbngXhitrongMaPhpnn1963
HathngThchQungctthiuphnichnhschnpPhtgiocachnhquynNgnhDimvthctnhcplnhoch
smhitm.
591/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ngy2111963,mtnvThyQunLcChinchimcDinhGiaLong.ngodnchngthotnxemkhchlvhoannghnh
anhemquni.
ThanhninvsinhvinthhnhoanchomngTrungtngTrnVnntrnilThngNht,SiGn.
592/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TrsBochgiancachNgnhDimbdnchngthpph,vcctntchbqungyngph
HingQunNhnCchMngvChnhphLmThiramtngbovbochngy6111963titinnhBTngThammu
593/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Tcga(tri),TrungtngDngVnMinhvTrungtngTnThtnhngaysaungycchmng1111963
ThngtaThchHuynQuangcdinvnchomngquankhchtronglkhaimcihiPhtgioThngnhtutinvonm1964.Tcgi
594/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ThngtaThchHuynQuangcdinvnchomngquankhchtronglkhaimcihiPhtgioThngnhtutinvonm1964.Tcgi
ngihngthnh,bntri
CuchpboutincaChnhphCchmngLmthingy6111963.
+Ttrisangphi:TrungtngTnThtnh,BtrngNiVThtngNguynNgcTh,tcgivNgoitrngPhmngLm.
+Hngthnh:BtrngKinhtuTrngThanh,BtrngTichnhLuVnTnh,BtrngPhThtngLuThnhCung,Btrng
GiodcPhmHongHvBtrngYtVngQuangTrng
595/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
HpboviTrungtngNguynKhnhngaysaucucChnhlngy3011964
596/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ThtngTrnVnHngtrnhdinNiccviQuctrngPhanKhcSu
597/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
TngthngnhCnghaNguynVnThiutrongmtbuikinhltiQunonI
Hnhnh2
TrongchuynvingthmchuNguynbLin(saunylChuntngQuynTlnhThyqunLcchin)angthhuntiTrngVBQuc
GiaLtvothng12nm1953
598/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
PhionqunsVitNamytkinThngchTngGiiThchtrongchuyncngduTrungHoaDnQucthng1nm1960.ngbnphitc
gilTrungtngNguynKhnh
599/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
isHenryCabotLodgenhikinvitcgitiVnphngPhThtngctrchVnhaXhi
TrongmtbuitiptntiDinhQuctrngnm1964.
600/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ttriquaphi:Quctrng
DngVnMinh,
isCabotLodge,
TngtrngBiTngHun,
vtcgi.NgingsauTngMinhlPhThtngNguynTnHon
601/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
PhisHoaKAlexisJohnson(vingithngngn)vtcgi
isVVnMunvingthmtcgitiVnphngPhThtng
602/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChtchyhiQuctKimsotnhchin,isnRamC.Goburdhun,ytkintcgitivnphngPhThtng.
NgingibntrilitNguynVnAn,TrngPhngLinlcviyhiQuct
603/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
itngMawwellTaylor,isHoaKtiVitNam,thmxgiaotcgitiVnphngPhThtng
CngduiHnthngBynm1964
Ttriquaphi:ngNgTnt,isVitNamtiHnThnhBtrngQucPhngiHntcgiTngthngPhcChnhHyBtrng
604/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Ttriquaphi:ngNgTnt,isVitNamtiHnThnhBtrngQucPhngiHntcgiTngthngPhcChnhHyBtrng
NgoigiaoiHnvBtrngPhTngthngiHn
ChphnhlunimviBChhuyLinqunMHntiBnMnimvtuynth38.
NgingcuicngbntrilngNguynThi,tcgiIsSouthVietnamViable?vngimangkingmtlisNgTnt
605/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
CuhongBoitrongchuynvingthmQuchiTiubangCalifornia,chphnhknimvihaichunicatcgi,ThuGiangvMLinh
TrungtngNguynChnhThinthmtcgitinhringFresno,tiubangCalifornia
606/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
HnhuynchuyncviitngNguynKhnhnhndpngghthmtcgitinhringFresno,tiubangCalifornia
ThiutngNguynCaoKTrungyPhicngNguynvnC(ngicngviiyPhmPhQucnmbomdinhcLp),thnamcac
NguynvnLcvTrungtPhicngF5NguynQucHngghthmtcgivounm1993
607/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
NguynvnLcvTrungtPhicngF5NguynQucHngghthmtcgivounm1993
TcgiangphtbiucmtngtrongmtbuihpmttiChaVitNamOrangeCounty(1990).
NgihngutbntrilTrungtngTrnVnn,LinhmcThanhHvThngtaThchPhpChu
608/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
ChuyntrviitTrnVnKha,tcgiThiiMi,TranhuvtcphmchuynkhoYoga
609/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
Nm1991,tcgilmHitrngHiPhtgiotiFresno,chphnhlunimviThngtaThchcNim,GimcPhtHcvinQuct,lnh
otinhthncacngngPhtttiFresnovicThchTmQuang,TrtrChaTamBo.NgimcuphcngbnmtlCNguyn
VnLng,BtrngTPhpcachnhphNgnhDimnm1963
610/611
10/28/2016
VitNamMuLaQuHngTi
611/611

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10/28/2016

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