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OperatingSystemPart1
PublishedonMonday,February08,2016

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HelloReaders,

We'restartingwithoperatingsystemsfromtoday.It'llbecoveredinmultiple
articles.OSisconsideredtobeaneasyportioncomparativelywhichcanfetchyou
goodmarks.Pleasefeelfreetoraiseyourqueriesincommentssection.

==>>ThisarticleisapartofPKSeriesforSOIT

OperatingSystem(OS)
Operatingsystemisanessentialcomponentofthesystemsoftwareinacomputer
system.Itsaprogram/setofprogramsthatactsasintermediarybetweenauser
andcomputerhardware.OScanbefoundonalmostallmoderncomputing
devicesfrommobilephonestovideogameconsolestowebserversto
supercomputers.E.g.MSDOS,UNIX,Windows7,Windows10,Ubuntuetc
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FunctionsofanOperatingSystem
1.Bootupthecomputer
Theprocessofstartingorrestartingacomputerisknownasbooting.Acoldbootis
whenyouturnonacomputerthathasbeenturnedoffcompletely.Awarmbootis
theprocesswhenyourestartthecomputerusingOSi.erestartbyCtrl+Alt+Delor
bootfromsleepmode.
2.Basiccomputertasks
Itperformsbasictaskssuchasmanagingtheperipheraldevices.Thesedaysmost
OSsusesupportplugandplayfeaturei.eaprinterforexamplewillbedetected
andconfiguredautomaticallywithoutanymanualintervention.
3.Providesauserinterface
TwomaintypesofUIsare:commandlineandGUI.Withcommandline,usertypes
commandsonterminaltoperformsvarioustasks.WithGUI,userinteractsusinga
mouse,iconsandmenus.
4.HandlingofSystemResources
OShandlessystemresourcessuchascomputer'smemoryandsharingofCPU
timebyvariousapplicationsorperipheraldevices.Itensureseachapplicationgets
necessaryresourcesitneedstoperformeffectively.
5.Filemanagement
OShandlestheorganizationandtrackingoffilesanddirectories.Itkeepstrackof
user'sactivityasfarasfilecreation,updation,deletionormovementisconcerned.
Twomaintypesoffilesystemsare:
FileAllocationTable(FAT/FAT32)Itusesafileallocationtable
maintainedbyOSonaharddiskthatprovidesamapofclusters(logicalunits
ofstorage)thatafilehasbeenstoredin.
NewTechnologyfilesystem(NTFS)Filesystemintroducedby
Microsoft.Italsoallowspermissions(read,write,execute)tobesetfor
individualfilesanddirectories.
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individualfilesanddirectories.

TypesofOperatingSystems
1.Singleuser,singletaskOS
Itisdesignedinawaythatoneusercaneffectivelydoonethingatatime.E.g.
PalmOSforpalmhandhelddevices.
2.Singleuser,multitaskingOS
Itallowsasingleuserrunseveralprogramsatthesametime.Personal
computers/LaptopsaremostlyusedwiththiskindofOS.E.gMSwindowsor
Apple'sMacOsplatforms.(Youseeyoucanwriteablogandlistentomusicsideby
sidewhenthedownloadingisonatbackendmultitasking!!!)
3.MultiuserOS
Itallowsmanydifferentuserstotakeadvantageofcomputer'sresources
simultaneously.OSmustallocateresourcesinawaythataproblemwithoneuser
doesn'taffecttheentirecommunityofusers.Mainpurposeistomaximizethe
resources.E.g.Mainframesystems.
4.RealtimeOS
Itcontrolstheenvironmentasithasadataprocessingsystem.Timetakenby
systemtorespondtoaninputanddisplaytheresultiscalledaresponsetime.It
usesanadvancedalgorithmforscheduling.
5.TimesharingOS
Itenablesmanypeoplelocatedatvariousterminals,tousethesystem,ata
particulartime.Inotherwords,itsalogicalextensionofmultiprogramming.The
mainpurposeistominimizeresponsetime.
6.DistributedOS
Distributedsystemsuseanumberofcentralprocessorstoservemultiplerealtime
applicationsanddifferentusers.Dataprocessingjobsaredistributedamong
processors.
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7.NetworkOS
ThisOSrunsonaserver.Itisresponsibleformanaingdata,users,groups,
security,applicationsandothernetworkingfunctions.Itallowssharedfileand
printeraccessamongmultiplecomputersinanetwork.E.g.MicrosoftWindows
Server2003/2008,oivellNetWare.
8.EmbeddedOS
ItsaspecializedOSforuseincomputerswhicharebuiltintolargersystems.Itis
partofdifferentkindofmachine.E.g.Computersincars,trafficlights,GPS
navigationsystem,elevators,ATMsetc.AscomparedtoageneralpurposeOS,
embeddedOShaslimitedfunctionsbutthatsinglefunction/applicationiscrucialto
itsoperation.
9.MobileOS
ItsanOSspeciallydesignedtorunonmobiledevicessuchassmartphones,PDAs.
E.g.Android,iOSetc.

InterestingfactaboutOS
60%ofwindowsvista'scodewasrewrittenduetoalotofbugsandinternalerrors
beforeitwasproperlyreleased.(Ha,Still!twastheworsteverIused')

DeepakA
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