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Chapter 1
Sources of Aircraft Power
- Batteries
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Lesson Outcomes
Upon completion this chapter, you will be able to:
List different type of aircraft power supply.
Inspect installation of aircraft battery.
Carry out removal and installation of aircraft battery.
Describe the operation of aircraft battery circuit.
Carry out operational testing on battery installation.
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AC Generator
DC Generator
Starter Generator
DC Alternator
External Power
GPU
Battery Cart
Converter
Emergency Generator
RAT
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Batteries
Review of principle of primary and secondary cells
Primary Cells
Supply small current for limited period
Is one which chemical action eats away and destroy one of the
electrodes
Electrodes must be replaced cells must be discarded once they go
flat
Example : Carbon-zinc, Alkaline Manganese-dioxide
Secondary Cells
Voltage is developed between 2 dissimilar plates that immersed in
an electrolytes
Have reversible cycle & can be charged time and time again over
long period.
Example : Lead Acid and NiCad Battery
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Lead Acid
-+ve plates : lead peroxide (PbO2)
-ve plates : made of spongy lead (Pb)
electrolyte: sulphuric acid (H2SO4) diluted with distilled
water (H20) of SG typically 1.25 to 1.27
Indication of a fully discharged cell:
-Voltage : 1.8V (per cell)
- SG : 1.150 (or fall to minimum value as OEM manual)
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Lead Acid
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Nickel Cadmium
+ve plate : nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2.
ve plate: cadmium hydroxide Cd(OH)2.
electrolyte: potassium hydroxide (KOH) and distilled
water (H20) of SG 1.24 to 1.3
fully charged condition:
- Voltage : 1.5V (per cell), nominal (1.2V)
- SG : 1.24 to 1.30.
fully discharged
- Voltage : 1.0 V(per cell)
- SG : same (1.24 to 1.30) The electrolyte specific gravity does
not change from charge to discharge.
Nickel Cadmium
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Nickel Cadmium
Advantages :
Better power to weight ratio
Lower internal resistance
Longer life
Easy Replaceable Cells
More robust
Higher charging rates
Wider Operating Temperature range
Disadvantages :
Higher Cost
Need Expensive & Complicated
Charging and control circuitry
Prone to Thermal Runaway
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Capacity test
This test is typically carried out at three-month intervals and 80% of
its capacity must be achieved for aircraft use. Also need to look at
previous test look for any trend.
Insulation test
A breakdown in electrical
insulation between the cells
and the battery case will
result in a 'leakage' current.
(1 MOhm for a lead acid and
10MOhm for Ni-Cads with a
steel case).
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Battery Installation
Installed in areas where adequate heat dissipation and
ventilation of gases can take place
Temperature switch is installed to monitor the battery
temperature
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Example of battery
installation
- on the BAE 146.
There are two 24V
23Ah nickel
cadmium batteries.
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- on the B757.
shows the
battery /
battery
charger
and APU
battery
layout
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Constant Voltage
Charging Circuit
DC System
Constant Voltage
Charging Circuit
AC System - 1
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Constant Voltage
Charging Circuit
AC System - 2
Typical Aircraft
Charging Circuit
During main supply
failure the battery will
supply to essential
services (e.g. essential
instruments, fire bottles,
flight controls etc) to
enable flight to continue
under these emergency
conditions for a
minimum period of 30
minutes.
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Pulse Method
- Used on the earlier
Boeing 747's
- This pulse cycle is
repeated for a total of
eight pulses by the
battery charger and
then switches to a
constant voltage
output of 28V just to
trickle charging the
battery at less than
half an amp.
- Trickle charging, or float charging, means charging a battery at a similar
rate as it is self-discharging, thus maintaining a full capacity battery.
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Battery System
Medium Size Aircraft
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Maintenance Practices
To be inspected at the periods specified in the approved
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Ni-Cad Batteries
Wassalam
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