Basic Dimensions for 60 Degree Unified Threads

Does not take into account thread classes- use published tables for standard threads!
Warning- Initial thread data is used throughout worksheet page- enter accurate numbers!
Nominal Size
Pitch
Height of sharp V

0.62992 in

25.4 tpi
0.03937 in
0.034095 in

male thread- maximum material condition

Basic major diameter
0.6299 in
Minor diameter
0.5873 in
Pitch diameter
0.6043 in
Lead angle
1.19 degrees
Width of top flat
0.0049 in
Plunge depth
0.0298 in
Thread depth
0.0213 in
30 deg SP Plunge
0.0344 in

60 deg
1 mm
0.8660 mm

16.0000 mm
14.9174 mm
15.3504 mm
0.1250 mm
0.7578 mm
0.5413 mm

single point cutting tool geometry (Machinery's 23, pg 1670)

Nose flat width (60)
0.0098 in
this is the absolute maximum!
t
1.22 deg
helix angle of thread at minor diameter
t prime
1.14 deg
helix angle of thread at major diameter
eff. relief angle
7 deg
relief- choose wisely
a
8.2 deg
a prime
5.9 deg
b
7.1 deg
b prime
5.1 deg
n
2.1 deg

female thread (nut)

The pitch diameter of the nut must be equal to or larger than the pitch diameter of the male threa
The minor diameter of the nut must be equal to or larger than the minor diameter of the male thr
For very small/fine threads, the minor diameter (drill size) should be determined by examination
Suggested minor diameter for normal fits

0.5892 in

based on

0.003

standard 3-wire method of measurement- no lead angle compensation

Best wire size
0.0227 in
Actual wire size
0.018 in
Measurement
0.6384 in
Max. mtl.
0.6243 in
Pitch diameter
0.6185 in
Difference
0.0141 in
PD exceeds maximum material condition if this is
correction for top rake angle on tool
Rake angle
New tool angle

8 deg
59.5159 deg

Converter:

le thread, depending on class.

male thread.
nation of the tap.
in/in allowance

16 mm
1 mm

0.629921 in
25.40000 tpi

f this is positive!

Basic Dimensions for 60 Degree ISO Metric Threads

Warning- Initial thread data is used throughout spreadsheet- enter accurate numbers!
Nominal Size
Pitch
Height of sharp V

2.36 mm
0.5 mm
0.43301 mm

angle

60 deg

male thread- maximum material condition

Basic major diameter
2.36000 mm
Pitch diameter
2.03524 mm
Minor diameter
1.81873 mm
Lead angle
4.47141 degrees
Width of top flat
0.06250 mm
Width of root
0.12500 mm
Plunge depth
0.37889 mm
Thread depth
0.27063 mm
30 deg SP Plunge
0.43750 mm
single point cutting tool geometry (Machinery's 23, pg 1670)
Nose flat width (60)
0.1250 mm
this is the absolute maximum!
t
5.00 deg
helix angle of thread at minor diameter
t prime
3.86 deg
helix angle of thread at major diameter
eff. relief angle
7 deg
relief- choose wisely
a
12.0 deg
a prime
3.1 deg
b
10.4 deg
b prime
2.7 deg
n
7.8 deg

female thread (nut)

The pitch diameter of the nut must be equal to or larger than the pitch diameter of the male threa
The minor diameter of the nut must be equal to or larger than the minor diameter of the male thr
For very small/fine threads, the minor diameter (drill size) should be determined by examination

Suggested minor diameter for normal fits

1.8258 mm

based on

0.003

Standard 3-wire method of measurement- no lead angle compensation

Best wire size
0.2887 mm

Fundamental Deviations & Tolerances by Formulas

pitch
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.75
0.8
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5

Nut Thread, D2, D1

G
H
EI
EI
17
18
18
19
19
20
21
22
23
23
24
26
29
32
34
37
43
48
54
59
65
70
76

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Bolt Thread, d1, d2

e
g
h
es
es
es
-17
-18
-18
-19
-19
-20
-56
-21
-57
-22
-58
-23
-58
-23
-59
-24
-61
-26
-64
-29
-67
-32
-69
-34
-72
-37
-78
-43
-83
-48
-89
-54
-94
-59
-100
-65
-105
-70
-111
-76

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Diameter Rang
over
0.99
1.4
2.8
5.6
11.2
22.4
45
90
180

Enter mean he

81

-116

-81

Reverse Calculator using PD (MMC)

Pitch diameter
Pitch

2.19762 mm
0.25 mm

Height of sharp V
Basic major diameter
Minor diameter

0.21651
2.36000 mm
2.08937 mm

e thread, depending on class.

ale thread.
nation of the tap.

mm/mm allowance

er Ranges
to & inc
mean
1.4
1.177
2.8
1.980
5.6
3.960
11.2
7.920
22.4
15.839
45
31.749
90
63.640
180 127.279
355 252.784

ean here:

1.98

Bolt PD Tolerance Grades for Mean Diameter entered at left, u

3
4
5
6
25.310
31.891
40.496
50.620
27.673
34.868
44.277
55.346
29.766
37.506
47.626
59.533
31.660
39.891
50.655
63.319
33.397
42.080
53.435
66.793
35.008
44.110
56.012
70.015
36.515
46.008
58.423
73.029
39.277
49.489
62.843
78.554
41.775
52.637
66.840
83.550
42.944
54.110
68.711
85.888
44.067
55.525
70.507
88.134
48.181
60.709
77.090
96.363
52.680
66.376
84.287 105.359
56.665
71.398
90.664 113.330
60.269
75.939
96.430 120.538
63.576
80.105
101.721 127.151
69.511
87.584
111.218 139.022
74.770
94.210
119.632 149.540
79.525 100.202
127.241 159.051
83.889 105.700
134.222 167.777
87.935 110.799
140.697 175.871
91.721 115.568
146.753 183.441
95.285 120.059
152.456 190.570

98.660

0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.75
0.8
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6

124.311

157.855

197.319

Bolt Major Diameter Tolerances, um

4
34.345
41.034
47.196
52.965
58.425
63.634
68.631
78.108
87.030
91.318
95.506
111.416
129.814
146.976
163.179
178.608
207.629
234.736
260.351
284.758
308.157
330.696
352.490
373.628

6
54.516
65.133
74.914
84.071
92.738
101.006
108.938
123.982
138.142
144.949
151.597
176.850
206.054
233.295
259.014
283.505
329.571
372.596
413.256
451.997
489.138
524.914
559.508
593.061

r entered at left, um
7
8
63.275
80.992
69.182
88.553
74.416
95.253
79.149 101.311
83.492 106.869
87.519 112.025
91.287 116.847
98.193 125.687
104.438 133.681
107.360 137.421
110.168 141.015
120.453 154.180
131.699 168.575
141.663 181.328
150.673 192.861
158.939 203.442
173.778 222.436
186.925 239.264
198.814 254.482
209.722 268.444
219.839 281.393
229.302 293.506
238.212 304.912

9
101.240
110.692
119.066
126.639
133.587
140.031
146.059
157.108
167.101
171.776
176.269
192.725
210.719
226.660
241.076
254.303
278.045
299.080
318.102
335.554
351.742
366.883
381.140

Nut PD Tolerance Grades

4
5
6
43.027
53.657
66.818
47.044
58.667
73.057
50.603
63.105
78.584
53.821
67.118
83.582
56.774
70.801
88.167
59.513
74.216
92.420
62.075
77.411
96.399
66.771
83.267 103.692
71.018
88.563 110.286
73.005
91.041 113.372
74.914
93.422 116.337
81.908 102.144 127.199
89.555
111.681 139.074
96.331 120.130 149.596
102.457 127.770 159.110
108.079 134.780 167.840
118.169 147.364 183.510
127.109 158.512 197.393
135.193 168.594 209.947
142.611 177.844 221.466
149.490 186.423 232.150
155.925 194.448 242.142
161.984 202.004 251.552

7
86.054
94.088
101.206
107.643
113.549
119.026
124.150
133.542
142.036
146.010
149.828
163.817
179.111
192.661
204.915
216.157
236.338
254.218
270.387
285.221
298.981
311.850
323.969

246.649

315.711

8
87.225
104.213
119.863
134.514
148.382
161.609
174.301
198.370
221.028
231.919
242.556
282.960
329.686
373.272
414.423
453.608
527.313
596.154
661.209
723.195
782.620
839.863
895.213
948.897

394.639

167.721

209.158

260.461

335.443

Nut Minor Diameter Tolerances, um

4
5
6
7
37.756
47.945
59.931
74.913
46.139
58.589
73.236
91.545
54.283
68.931
86.164 107.705
62.221
79.011
98.764 123.455
69.977
88.860
111.075 138.844
77.569
98.500 123.125 153.906
85.010 107.949 134.936 168.670
99.488 126.334 157.918 197.397
113.487 144.110 180.137 225.172
120.323 152.791 190.989 238.737
127.059 161.345 201.682 252.102
144.900 184.000 230.000 287.500
169.397 215.107 268.884 336.105
192.456 244.389 305.486 381.858
214.385 272.235 340.294 425.368
235.391 298.909 373.636 467.045
275.186 349.443 436.803 546.004
312.646 397.011 496.264 620.330
348.270 442.248 552.809 691.012
382.393 485.579 606.974 758.717
415.257 527.311 659.138 823.923
447.041 567.671 709.589 886.986
477.884 606.837 758.546 948.182
507.895 644.947 806.183 1007.729

8
107.314
117.333
126.210
134.237
141.602
148.433
154.822
166.535
177.127
182.083
186.845
204.289
223.362
240.260
255.541
269.561
294.728
317.025
337.188
355.688
372.846
388.895
404.008

418.317

8
95.889
117.178
137.862
158.023
177.720
196.999
215.898
252.669
288.220
305.583
322.691
368.000
430.214
488.778
544.471
597.818
698.885
794.022
884.495
971.158
1054.621
1135.342
1213.673
1289.893

Build-down of thread system from outer wall dimensions

Outside dim of nut (min)
Minimum wall thickness
Max root of nut
Pitch
H
Max PD of nut
Max crest of nut (not really)
PD tolerance range allotted to nut
PD tolerance range allotted to screw
Max PD of screw
Min PD of screw

3.4
0.15
3.1
0.5
0.433013
2.77525
2.55875
0.01
0.025
2.74025
2.71525

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

Cutting Speeds
Lathe spindle speed
Work diameter
Surface speed

4150 RPM
5 in
5432.34 SFPM

Typically you can run cast alloy tools (Stellite,

Blackalloy 525 and Tantung) at about 2X the
speed of HSS. Carbide can run at up to 10X
the speed of HSS.
Dont use carbide with aluminum based
coatings on aluminum and run them fast
enough on steel to generate the necessary
heat for the coating to work. Use the sharpest
(possibly uncoated) carbide tools for
aluminum. You will almost always benefit from
some positive rake.

Material
Steel, tough
Steel, mild
Steel, alloy
Steel, carbon
Steel, free cutting
Steel, leaded
Steel, stainless
Cast iron
Bronzes
Brass
Aluminum

HSS
50-60
100-125
65-120
70-130
115-225
300
75-130
60-80
80-150
600+
250-350

carbide

cast alloy
100-120
200-250
130-240
140-260
230-450
600
150-260
120-160
160-300
1200+
500-700

30 Degree Trapezoidal Metric Threads

(or any other angle)

Included angle
Pitch
Basic OD
Clearance on crest

30
1
5.5
0.075

deg
mm
mm
mm

0.0394 in
0.2165 in
0.0030 in

Thread depth
Minor diameter
Pitch diameter
Width of flat at crest
Width of flat at root
Angled feed amount

0.5750
4.3500
5.0000
0.3660
0.3258
0.5953

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

0.0226
0.1713
0.1969
0.0144
0.0128
0.0234

Grind tool to included angle and feed straight in the

amount of the thread depth, or set the compound to 1/2
the included angle and feed in the angled feed amount.

in
in
in
in
in
in

Logan 11" Lathe Changegears for Figures I, II and III

Leadscrew
Screw Constant

8 tpi
8 tpi

Required Thread

36 tpi

Trial Factor

change things in RED only, formulas in BLUE

0.125000 pitch
Permanent tumbler gears are 1:1 so this equals the leadscrew.
0.027778 pitch

0.705556 mm metric

Choose this for sensible stud gear size.

Transfer 1
Transfer 2
Transfer Ratio A

18 teeth
54 teeth
0.333333

For no transfer gears, "figure I", enter same value for each.
18/54 combination is normal for "figure II".

Transfer 3
Transfer 4
Transfer Ratio B

1 teeth
1 teeth
1

This is for "figure III" where the transfers are doubled and
reversed- use 18/54 here and 24/48 above. For no transfer
gears, enter the same value for each, say 1 and 1.

Stud Gear
Leadscrew Gear

24 teeth
36 teeth

Available gears

16
18
24 (2)
32 (2)
36
40
44
46

48 (2)
52
54
56
60
64
68 (diy)
72

Actual stud gear

Actual leadscrew gear
37
47
100

Actual tpi for odd threads

% error
Pitch
Pitch

24
36
36
0.000
0.027778
0.705556

Threading Dial
If TPI is divisible by 8 thread dial isn't needed- engage anywhere!
If TPI is even use any mark on the thread dial
If TPI is odd use only the numbers
If TPI is a 1/2 TPI like 11.5 use only the same number
If TPI is a 1/4 TPI or metric keep half nuts engaged and reverse spindle
Metric Threading
use 37/47 for approximate or 100/127 for exact.
can also use 63/40 and a factor of two elsewhere but a 40:1 dividing head won't do 63.

Gear Design for Logan

DP
pressure angle
N
OD of blank
tooth thickness on pl
pitch diameter
pitch radius
min total depth

16
14.5
18
1.2500
0.0982
1.1250
0.5625
0.1348

deg
teeth
in
in
in
in
in

Logan is typically 16
Logan and most older gears are 14.5 degree pressure angle. (this is used for

Measurement across several teeth:

spaces
factor
result

4
0.01109
0.8615 in

use 0.01109 for 14.5, 0.0298 for 20, 0.04303 for 22.5 pressure angles

From a forum post:

Mic OD
Count teeth
Add TWO to that count
Divide sum by OD
Example:
2.010" OD
32 teeth
34 divided by 2.010 = 16.91 DP
A 20DP 32 tooth gear will be 1.700 OD

change things in RED only, formulas in BLUE

manent tumbler gears are 1:1 so this equals the leadscrew.

no transfer gears, "figure I", enter same value for each.

is for "figure III" where the transfers are doubled and

rsed- use 18/54 here and 24/48 above. For no transfer
s, enter the same value for each, say 1 and 1.

%
inches
mm

t older gears are 14.5 degree pressure angle. (this is used for the measurement across teeth below)

14.5, 0.0298 for 20, 0.04303 for 22.5 pressure angles

Sherline Metric Lathe Change Gears

change only numbers in red, results from formulas are in blue, reference data in purple.

Leadscrew pitch

Metric version lathe is 1mm

1 mm

Required thread pitch

0.75 mm

Ratio multiplier

100

Scale factor- typically 50 or 100 for Sherline

"C" gear
"B" gear
Transfer ratio

24 teeth
100 teeth
0.24

Usually 100 for Sherline

inverse

"A" spindle gear

"D" leadscrew gear

100 teeth
32 teeth

Actual spindle gear

Actual leadscrew gear

100 teeth
32 teeth

Actual pitch
% error

0.75 mm
0.00 %

Sherline gears:
3rd Party gears
56 pitch
24 pitch
56 pitch
24 pitch
A, B
C, D, E
A, B
C, D, E
50
20
16
100
22
25
127
24
60
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40

33.87 tpi

Note that the "E" gear can be anything convenient

"D" cannot exceed 3" in diameter if "C" is 20t

4.166666667

Ultra fine thread arrangement:

For ultra fine pitches the "E" gear is doubled up to provide reduction,
just like the C/B combination. Extra spacers and bushing will be needed.
This routine calculates the pitch for various gears of your choosing.
A
B
C
D (outboard)
E1 (inboard)
E2 (outboard)
Pitch
Leadscrew M
# of threads
threads/turn

50
100
24
40
40
34

teeth
teeth
teeth
teeth
teeth
teeth

0.255 mm
51
200
3.9216

50
100
24
60
40
20

50
100
24
60
40
24

50
100
24
60
40
32

50
100
24
40
40
34

0.1
1
10
10

0.12
3
25
8.3333

0.16
4
25
6.25

0.255
51
200
3.9216

If you disengage the leadscrew, it may be turned by any multiple of

"Leadscrew M", then re-engaged, to pick up the thread and do multiple
cutting passes.

Gear Design for Sherline

DP
pressure angle
N
OD of blank
tooth thickness on pl
pitch diameter
pitch radius
min total depth
english module

60
20
40
0.7000
0.0262
0.6667
0.3333
0.0360
0.0167

59.27
deg
teeth
in
in
in
in
in

17.7800
0.6650
16.9333
8.4667
0.9131

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

Measurement across several teeth:

spaces
factor
result

2
#VALUE!
#VALUE! in

This factor is 2X INV(pressure angle) from above pressure angle

(got .2396" for plastic gear that shrunk a bit- better photo is .13424)

General Metric Module Spur Gear Design

Note that this worksheet has a vba macro for calculating the involute function and its inverse (INV and IINV).

Designing standard module gears is easy because you pick the module and all other dimensions fall into place with simple formulas. There are some
minor differences in tooth dimension standards. Here we use the practice of US gear cutter makers where clearance = 0.157 * module. The problem
arises when reverse engineering an existing gear system because it may not be a standard module and may use a profile shift. It may take a certain
amount of trial and error to come up with a shift that gives the correct OD and center to center distance, if they can be achieved at all.

Standard Metric Gear Module with PD Known

N
pitch diameter
module

40 teeth
17.22 mm
0.4305 mm

Module Derived from Center to Center Distance

59.0012 DP

this only works for non-shifted standard gears

c-c distance
11.185 mm
N1
10 teeth
N2
40 teeth
module
0.4474 mm
DP
56.7725

PD
PD

4.4740 mm
17.8960 mm

Standard Metric Gear Design with Module Known

Standard Metric Gear Module with OD Known (risky business!)

N
module
pressure angle
OD
pitch diameter

40
0.4305
15
18.0810
17.2200

N
OD
module

root diameter

16.1438 mm

circular pitch
base diameter
addendum
dedendum
working depth
total tooth depth
tooth width at PD

1.3525
16.6332
0.4305
0.4981
0.8610
0.9286
0.6762

teeth
mm
deg
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

59.0012 DP

N1, N2
module
c-c distance

59.7647 DP

10 teeth

40 teeth
0.425 mm
10.6250 mm

Inverse Formulas for Routine at Left

gear
59.0012 DP
40 teeth
deg
0
rad
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
#VALUE! mm
#VALUE! mm
17.2200
16.6332
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Measurement Over N Spaces

may only be good for non-shifted gears
module
0.4305
N
40
spaces
3
pressure angle
15
pitch diameter
17.22
tooth width
0.6762
factor
#VALUE!
result
#VALUE!

5.3688 mm
18.7908 mm

Center to Center Distance for Two Standard Gears

Profile Shifted Spur Gears

enter shift coefficients from right, or zero
pinion
module
0.4305
N1, N2
10
pressure angle
15
shift coefficients
0
involute working
#VALUE!
working press angle
#VALUE!
c-c mod coefficient
#VALUE!
c-c distance calc
#VALUE!
reference dia
4.3050
base dia
4.1583
working pitch dia
#VALUE!
addendum
#VALUE!
tooth depth
#VALUE!
tip dia
#VALUE!
root dia
#VALUE!

40 teeth
17.85 mm
0.4250 mm

OD
OD

mm
teeth

59.0012 DP

deg
mm
mm

#VALUE! in

#VALUE! deg

use this to determine shift coefficients

pinion
gear
c-c distance
11.185
mm
c-c mod coefficient
0.9814
working press angle
0.3779
rad
sum of shift coefficients
#VALUE!
shift coefficients
0.6
#VALUE!

21.6524 deg

mm Pitch

0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00

Stud

Transpose1 Transpose2 Compound1 Compound2

inboard
outboard
outboard
inboard
16
16
18
16
16
24
24
18
18
28
18
24
18
24
48
18
24
24
36
56
48
36
48
44
48

47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47
47

37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37

60
60
40
50
40
40
64
40
60
40
1
40
60
1
40
1
40
40
1
40
1
1
1
1
60

18
24
16
28
24
18
32
32
52
24
1
32
48
1
24
1
52
56
1
32
1
1
1
1
48

Screw

60
64
60
64
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
40
60
60
36
60
60
60
64
60
40
48
40
32

3.50
4.00

54
48

47
47

37
37

60
60

56
48

36
24

For Logan and Similar Lathes with a QC Gearbox

These numbers are from the Logan factory literature

for lathes with a quick change threading gearbox. MM
Pitch = (40/QCTPI)*(Stud/QCGear)
Drive the transposing pair from the stud gear.

mm Pitch

0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00

Stud

Gearbox

48
48
72
42
48
54
48
72
39
42
72
48
54
48
72
60
39
42
72
42
48
54
60
66
72
42
48
54
60
66
72

60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60

QC TPI

160
128
160
80
80
80
64
80
40
40
64
40
40
32
40
32
20
20
32
16
16
16
16
16
16
8
8
8
8
8
8

Leadscrew
Transpose1
Transpose2

8
100
127

The numbers below back calculate the TPI

and show you both the external gear ratios
and the QC gearbox ratio. Note that you can
change the transposing pair above to see the
error with 37/47 or 80/63.
Ext. ratio

0.8
0.8
1.2
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.2
0.65
0.7
1.2
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.2
1
0.65
0.7
1.2
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2

QC ratio

0.1
0.125
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.25
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2

Product

0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
0.36
0.4
0.48
0.5
0.52
0.56
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4

TPI

3.175 mm pitch
2.5 mm virtual pitch

ack calculate the TPI

e external gear ratios
atio. Note that you can
ng pair above to see the
63.
TPI

0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.500
0.600
0.650
0.700
0.750
0.800
0.900
1.000
1.200
1.250
1.300
1.400
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500
6.000

Gear Selector for Fine Pitch Metric Threads on the Logan Changegear Lathe
1) Enter the desired pitch. We assume that 37/47 or 100/127 gear packs are already installed.
2) Select a gear pair from the table that produces the correct ratio. Install as the stud gear and leadscrew gear.
3) If a simple ratio is impossible, select two gear pairs, one for each of the new 1st and 2nd ratios. Some fractional multiplier may be needed.
4) Install one pair as the stud and outer of the pack nearest the leadscrew, the other pair as the inner of the pack, and the leadscrew gear.
Warning- Especially with the finer threads, many combinations can't be physically installed and engage properly. Experimentation required!

Enter desired pitch

Needed ratio

16
18
24
32
36
40
44
46
48
52
54
56
60
64
72
68
50
28
100

0.35 mm
0.14

test numerators
test denom.
test ratios

24
60
0.4

28
40
0.7

0.28

Standard Gears
16
18
1.0000 1.1250
0.8889 1.0000
0.6667 0.7500
0.5000 0.5625
0.4444 0.5000
0.4000 0.4500
0.3636 0.4091
0.3478 0.3913
0.3333 0.3750
0.3077 0.3462
0.2963 0.3333
0.2857 0.3214
0.2667 0.3000
0.2500 0.2813
0.2222 0.2500
0.2353 0.2647
0.3200 0.3600
0.5714 0.6429
0.1600 0.1800

24
1.5000
1.3333
1.0000
0.7500
0.6667
0.6000
0.5455
0.5217
0.5000
0.4615
0.4444
0.4286
0.4000
0.3750
0.3333
0.3529
0.4800
0.8571
0.2400

32
2.0000
1.7778
1.3333
1.0000
0.8889
0.8000
0.7273
0.6957
0.6667
0.6154
0.5926
0.5714
0.5333
0.5000
0.4444
0.4706
0.6400
1.1429
0.3200

36
2.2500
2.0000
1.5000
1.1250
1.0000
0.9000
0.8182
0.7826
0.7500
0.6923
0.6667
0.6429
0.6000
0.5625
0.5000
0.5294
0.7200
1.2857
0.3600

ratio multipliers
new 1st ratio
new 2nd ratio

Logical
2
0.280
0.500

3
0.420
0.333

4
0.560
0.250

5
0.700
0.200

6
0.840
0.167

7
0.980
0.143

8
1.120
0.125

9
1.260
0.111

Special Alt.
2.5
1
0.350 0.140
0.400
1

Use of special compound gear selection program recommended for difficult pitches.

40
2.5000
2.2222
1.6667
1.2500
1.1111
1.0000
0.9091
0.8696
0.8333
0.7692
0.7407
0.7143
0.6667
0.6250
0.5556
0.5882
0.8000
1.4286
0.4000

44
2.7500
2.4444
1.8333
1.3750
1.2222
1.1000
1.0000
0.9565
0.9167
0.8462
0.8148
0.7857
0.7333
0.6875
0.6111
0.6471
0.8800
1.5714
0.4400

46
2.8750
2.5556
1.9167
1.4375
1.2778
1.1500
1.0455
1.0000
0.9583
0.8846
0.8519
0.8214
0.7667
0.7188
0.6389
0.6765
0.9200
1.6429
0.4600

48
3.0000
2.6667
2.0000
1.5000
1.3333
1.2000
1.0909
1.0435
1.0000
0.9231
0.8889
0.8571
0.8000
0.7500
0.6667
0.7059
0.9600
1.7143
0.4800

52
3.2500
2.8889
2.1667
1.6250
1.4444
1.3000
1.1818
1.1304
1.0833
1.0000
0.9630
0.9286
0.8667
0.8125
0.7222
0.7647
1.0400
1.8571
0.5200

54
3.3750
3.0000
2.2500
1.6875
1.5000
1.3500
1.2273
1.1739
1.1250
1.0385
1.0000
0.9643
0.9000
0.8438
0.7500
0.7941
1.0800
1.9286
0.5400

56
3.5000
3.1111
2.3333
1.7500
1.5556
1.4000
1.2727
1.2174
1.1667
1.0769
1.0370
1.0000
0.9333
0.8750
0.7778
0.8235
1.1200
2.0000
0.5600

60
3.7500
3.3333
2.5000
1.8750
1.6667
1.5000
1.3636
1.3043
1.2500
1.1538
1.1111
1.0714
1.0000
0.9375
0.8333
0.8824
1.2000
2.1429
0.6000

64
4.0000
3.5556
2.6667
2.0000
1.7778
1.6000
1.4545
1.3913
1.3333
1.2308
1.1852
1.1429
1.0667
1.0000
0.8889
0.9412
1.2800
2.2857
0.6400

72
4.5000
4.0000
3.0000
2.2500
2.0000
1.8000
1.6364
1.5652
1.5000
1.3846
1.3333
1.2857
1.2000
1.1250
1.0000
1.0588
1.4400
2.5714
0.7200

Special Gears
68
50
4.2500 3.1250
3.7778 2.7778
2.8333 2.0833
2.1250 1.5625
1.8889 1.3889
1.7000 1.2500
1.5455 1.1364
1.4783 1.0870
1.4167 1.0417
1.3077 0.9615
1.2593 0.9259
1.2143 0.8929
1.1333 0.8333
1.0625 0.7813
0.9444 0.6944
1.0000 0.7353
1.3600 1.0000
2.4286 1.7857
0.6800 0.5000

28
1.7500
1.5556
1.1667
0.8750
0.7778
0.7000
0.6364
0.6087
0.5833
0.5385
0.5185
0.5000
0.4667
0.4375
0.3889
0.4118
0.5600
1.0000
0.2800

100
6.2500
5.5556
4.1667
3.1250
2.7778
2.5000
2.2727
2.1739
2.0833
1.9231
1.8519
1.7857
1.6667
1.5625
1.3889
1.4706
2.0000
3.5714
1.0000

More explanation:
The Logan leadscrew is 8 TPI, or 3.175 mm pitch. When you install a 100/127 pair the ratio is less than one so you are turning the leadscrew slower and
increasing the threads per mm that are cut, i.e., decreasing the pitch. The pitch is divided by 1.27, giving an effective leadscrew pitch of 2.5 mm per thread.
With the 100/127 gears in place you can simply think of the lathe as having a 2.5 mm pitch leadscrew. Thus the 2.5 factor in cell F11 of this spreadsheet.
If you're using the 37/47 gears, the correct number would be 2.499468, but this would just confuse things because none of the results would come out even.
The error between the 100/127 and 37/47 gear pairs is about 0.02%, insignificant for most purposes. It might matter for long engagements, but there are
other sources of pitch error that would also have to be considered before attempting such ill-considered designs.

Gear Selector for Inch Threads on the Logan Changegear Lathe

1) Enter the desired pitch. We assume an 8 TPI leadscrew (can change in cell F11).
2) Select a gear pair from the table that produces the correct ratio. Install as the stud gear and leadscrew gear.
3) If a simple ratio is impossible, select two gear pairs, one for each of the new 1st and 2nd ratios. Some fractional multiplier may be needed.
4) Install one pair as the stud and outer of the pack nearest the leadscrew, the other pair as the inner of the pack, and the leadscrew gear.
Warning- Especially with the finer threads, many combinations can't be physically installed and engage properly. Experimentation required!

Enter desired TPI

Needed ratio
test numerators
test denom.
test ratios

16
18
24
32
36
40
44
46
48
52
54
56
60
64
72
68
50
28
100

Standard Gears
16
18
1.0000 1.1250
0.8889 1.0000
0.6667 0.7500
0.5000 0.5625
0.4444 0.5000
0.4000 0.4500
0.3636 0.4091
0.3478 0.3913
0.3333 0.3750
0.3077 0.3462
0.2963 0.3333
0.2857 0.3214
0.2667 0.3000
0.2500 0.2813
0.2222 0.2500
0.2353 0.2647
0.3200 0.3600
0.5714 0.6429
0.1600 0.1800

8.47 TPI
0.9445

ratio multipliers
new 1st ratio
new 2nd ratio

Integer
2
3
1.889 2.8335
0.5 0.3333

46
2.8750
2.5556
1.9167
1.4375
1.2778
1.1500
1.0455
1.0000
0.9583
0.8846
0.8519
0.8214
0.7667
0.7188
0.6389
0.6765
0.9200
1.6429
0.4600

52
3.2500
2.8889
2.1667
1.6250
1.4444
1.3000
1.1818
1.1304
1.0833
1.0000
0.9630
0.9286
0.8667
0.8125
0.7222
0.7647
1.0400
1.8571
0.5200

Fractional
4
5
6
7
8
9
2.5
3.778 4.7226 5.6671 6.6116 7.5561 8.5006 2.3613
0.25
0.2 0.1667 0.1429 0.125 0.1111
0.4

1
68 0.9444
1
72
1 0.9444

24
1.5000
1.3333
1.0000
0.7500
0.6667
0.6000
0.5455
0.5217
0.5000
0.4615
0.4444
0.4286
0.4000
0.3750
0.3333
0.3529
0.4800
0.8571
0.2400

32
2.0000
1.7778
1.3333
1.0000
0.8889
0.8000
0.7273
0.6957
0.6667
0.6154
0.5926
0.5714
0.5333
0.5000
0.4444
0.4706
0.6400
1.1429
0.3200

36
2.2500
2.0000
1.5000
1.1250
1.0000
0.9000
0.8182
0.7826
0.7500
0.6923
0.6667
0.6429
0.6000
0.5625
0.5000
0.5294
0.7200
1.2857
0.3600

40
2.5000
2.2222
1.6667
1.2500
1.1111
1.0000
0.9091
0.8696
0.8333
0.7692
0.7407
0.7143
0.6667
0.6250
0.5556
0.5882
0.8000
1.4286
0.4000

44
2.7500
2.4444
1.8333
1.3750
1.2222
1.1000
1.0000
0.9565
0.9167
0.8462
0.8148
0.7857
0.7333
0.6875
0.6111
0.6471
0.8800
1.5714
0.4400

48
3.0000
2.6667
2.0000
1.5000
1.3333
1.2000
1.0909
1.0435
1.0000
0.9231
0.8889
0.8571
0.8000
0.7500
0.6667
0.7059
0.9600
1.7143
0.4800

54
3.3750
3.0000
2.2500
1.6875
1.5000
1.3500
1.2273
1.1739
1.1250
1.0385
1.0000
0.9643
0.9000
0.8438
0.7500
0.7941
1.0800
1.9286
0.5400

56
3.5000
3.1111
2.3333
1.7500
1.5556
1.4000
1.2727
1.2174
1.1667
1.0769
1.0370
1.0000
0.9333
0.8750
0.7778
0.8235
1.1200
2.0000
0.5600

60
3.7500
3.3333
2.5000
1.8750
1.6667
1.5000
1.3636
1.3043
1.2500
1.1538
1.1111
1.0714
1.0000
0.9375
0.8333
0.8824
1.2000
2.1429
0.6000

64
4.0000
3.5556
2.6667
2.0000
1.7778
1.6000
1.4545
1.3913
1.3333
1.2308
1.1852
1.1429
1.0667
1.0000
0.8889
0.9412
1.2800
2.2857
0.6400

72
4.5000
4.0000
3.0000
2.2500
2.0000
1.8000
1.6364
1.5652
1.5000
1.3846
1.3333
1.2857
1.2000
1.1250
1.0000
1.0588
1.4400
2.5714
0.7200

Special Gears
68
50
4.2500 3.1250
3.7778 2.7778
2.8333 2.0833
2.1250 1.5625
1.8889 1.3889
1.7000 1.2500
1.5455 1.1364
1.4783 1.0870
1.4167 1.0417
1.3077 0.9615
1.2593 0.9259
1.2143 0.8929
1.1333 0.8333
1.0625 0.7813
0.9444 0.6944
1.0000 0.7353
1.3600 1.0000
2.4286 1.7857
0.6800 0.5000

28
1.7500
1.5556
1.1667
0.8750
0.7778
0.7000
0.6364
0.6087
0.5833
0.5385
0.5185
0.5000
0.4667
0.4375
0.3889
0.4118
0.5600
1.0000
0.2800

100
6.2500
5.5556
4.1667
3.1250
2.7778
2.5000
2.2727
2.1739
2.0833
1.9231
1.8519
1.7857
1.6667
1.5625
1.3889
1.4706
2.0000
3.5714
1.0000

Semi-Universal Dividing Head

Main ratio

Choose any who

increment value

40 :1

Dividing plates

holes

deg in

Desired division
Crank turns
deg out

15
24
0.6
16
22.5
0.5625
17 21.17647 0.529412
18
20
0.5
19 18.94737 0.473684
20
18
0.45

division

tot. holes

6 parts
6 turns
plus
# of holes

600
640
680
720
760
800

100
106.6667
113.3333
120
126.6667
133.3333

10
10.66667
11.33333
12
12.66667
13.33333

21
23
27
29
31
33

17.14286
15.65217
13.33333
12.41379
11.6129
10.90909

0.428571
0.391304
0.333333
0.310345
0.290323
0.272727

840
920
1080
1160
1240
1320

140
153.3333
180
193.3333
206.6667
220

14
15.33333
18
19.33333
20.66667
22

37
39
41
43
47
49

9.72973
9.230769
8.780488
8.372093
7.659574
7.346939

0.243243
0.230769
0.219512
0.209302
0.191489
0.183673

1480
1560
1640
1720
1880
1960

246.6667
260
273.3333
286.6667
313.3333
326.6667

24.66667
26
27.33333
28.66667
31.33333
32.66667

54 6.666667 0.166667
63 5.714286 0.142857

2160
2520

360
420

36 user fab.
42 user fab.

Choose any whole number

increment value (holes to turn).
60 deg

Cannot do:

51
53
57
59
61
63
67
69
71
73
77
79
81

83
87
89
91
93
96
97
99

Knurling
Knurling should reproduce the knurl pattern around the part at the same spacing as the knurl. The knurl engages
the part very much like gears engage. There will be a series of optimum part diameters for a given diametrical
pitch knurl to give best quality. Though there is some flexibility in the diameter of the part, unsuitable part
diameters will lead to double tracking of the knurl and a poor pattern. If the knurl spacing on the part doesn't
match the knurl then double tracking has occured. Use this spreadsheet to choose optimum part diameters for
specific knurls. Most instructions state that some experimentation will be required.

Number of lines or cycles around the knurling tool

Nominal diameter of knurl
Diametrical pitch of knurl
Circular pitch on nominal diameter of knurl
Blank diameter increments

50
0.75 in
66.6667
0.0471 in

1.1969 mm

0.0150 in

Desired blank diameter

Division remainder

1.485 in
0.000 in

Plus 1 line/cycle blank diameter

Nominal blank diameter
Minus 1 line/cycle blank diameter
Minus 2 line/cycle blank diameter

1.500
1.485
1.470
1.455

in
in
in
in

Remember that the part diameter will grow with knurling, so you may want to choose one of the smaller blank
diameters calculated above.
You can also ink the (clean) knurl on a stamp pad and roll it down a piece of paper or just make an impression.
Count lines and measure with verniers. Use the calculations below.

Number of lines/cycles
Distance over pattern of lines/cycles
Circular pitch
Diametrical pitch

75
3.535 in
0.0471 in
66.6533

Blank diameter increments

0.0150 in

Desired blank diameter

Division remainder

0.625 in
0.0099 in

Plus 1 line/cycle blank diameter

Nominal blank diameter
Minus 1 line/cycle blank diameter
Minus 2 line/cycle blank diameter

0.630
0.615
0.600
0.585

in
in
in
in

1.1972 mm

nurl. The knurl engages

r a given diametrical
unsuitable part
on the part doesn't
um part diameters for

of the smaller blank

make an impression.

Knurl Reference Data Scratchpad

Eagle Rock Tech.
P3-EL21
.75 OD
.25 ID
.375 thickness
50 teeth

Cylinderical Square Dimensions

Check the square:
Upper ring diameter
Lower ring diameter
Difference per side
Length, ctr-ctr on rings
Error

Use the square:

Gap at top or bottom
Height
Angle

0.992
0.9922
0.0001
2.62
0.0022
0.1312
7.9

in
in
in
in
degrees
arc-min
arc-sec

0.001
2.62
0.0219
1.3121
78.7

in
in
deg
arc-min
arc-sec