International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences.

Available online atwww.ijagcs.com

IJACS/2013/5-21/2630-2633.
ISSN 2227-670X 2013 IJACS Journal

Factor Analysis of Rural Tourism Development from

Villagers Viewpoint in
ChaharmahalvaBakhtiariProvince
(Case study: Yancheshmeh Village)
AliakbarEsmailzade
Msc. Student of Rural Planning, Payamnoor University of Shahrekord
Corresponding Author email: Akbar52ef@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:Tourism has been known as the fastest expanding source of the world and as a tool for
increasing the amount of income in less industrialized countries. Now it can be easily asserted that
tourism and tourism economy are as the most essential economical-commercial elements of the world. In
such manner that most of the programmers and development politicians commemorate tourism industry
as an essential elements of stable development. Rural tourism is considered as a part of the great
industry of tourism and in this field Iran has various, huge and actual tourism attractions to develop rural
tourism. The historical and extensive Iran, in spite of having more than 75 thousand villages, that some of
them have several millennial records or possess the wonderful historic works and perspectives in
comparison with universal standards, has essential potential for active presence in the field of this several
dimensional industry. Therefore, it is necessary to record it as a basic cogitation in reflection to executive,
decision and scientific centers of the country and even consider an elevated place for it in development
programs.The purpose of this study is investigating factors influencing on feasibility of tourism
development from villagers viewpoint. Finally find five factor that affecting in rural development tourism,
that were basement, Management, planning, education as well as research.
Key Words: Rural tourism, Development, ChaharmahalvaBakhtiari Province, Yancheshmeh Village.
INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world(Edgell 1990; Lo & Lai 2003). In
both developed and developing countries, tourism is frequently supposed to be a viable means of raising the
economic activity of regions(Hall, 1994) Additionally, the development of a tourism industry has been noted to
promote the destination's image, enabling the region to achieve other objectives, such as business recruitment
and retention(Barkley, 1993).
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, tourism generates 12% of the global gross
National product and it employs around 200 million people worldwide(WTTC, 1995) . Tourist arrivals are
estimatedto
reach
1
billion
by
2010
and
1.6
by
2020
worldwide(Pearce,
1995).
Rural Tourism encompasses a huge range of activities, natural or manmade attractions, amenities and
facilities, transportation, marketing and information systems(Sharpley and Sharpley, 1997). Rural tourism is very
diverse and fragmented in terms of operational structures, activities, markets and operating environments(Roberts
& Hall, 2001, citing Pearce, 1989).
Rural tourism is not just farm-based tourism. It includes farm based holidays but also comprises special
interest nature holidays and ecotourism, walking, climbing and riding holidays, adventure, sport and health tourism,
hunting and angling, educational travel, arts and heritage tourism, and, in some areas, ethnic tourism(Wilkerson,
1996 and Prosser, 2000).
Rural tourism can be defined as the country experience which encompasses a wide range of
attractions and activities that take place in agricultural or non -urban areas. Its essential characteristics include
wide -open spaces, low levels of tourism development, and opportunities for visitors to directly experience

Intl J Agri Crop Sci. Vol., 5 (21), 2630-2633, 2013

agricultural and/or natural environments(Lobo, 2001). Consequently, rural
be(Lane B, 1994).

tourism in its purest form should

O Located in rural areas

O Functionally rural built upon the rural worlds special features of small-scale enterprise, open space,
contact with nature and the natural world, heritage, traditional societies andtraditional practices.
O Rural in scale both in terms of buildings and settlements and, therefore, usually small-scale.
O Traditional in character, growing slowly and organically, and connected with local families. It
will often be very largely controlled locally and developed for the long term good of the area(Lane B, 1994).
Types of Rural Tourism
Tourism is Synthesized from mass and alternative tourism. Mass tourism is characterized by large
numbers of people seeking culture holidays in popular resort destinations. Alternative tourism is sometimes
referred to as special interest tourism or responsible tourism and its usually taken to mean alternative forms
of tourism which give emphasis on the contact and understanding of inhabitants way of living and the local natural
environment(Smith V., Eadington W, 1992). The diversity of attractions included within rural tourism includes
heritage tourism (sometimes referred to as cultural heritage tourism), nature-based tourism/ecotourism, agri
tourism, as well as partnership-based approaches, such as scenic byways and heritage areas. Heritage tourism
refers to leisure travel that has as its primary purpose the experiencing of places and activities that represent the
past.
A second major type of rural tourism activity is nature-based tourism/ecotourism (sometimes called
recreation-based tourism), which refers to the process of visiting natural areas for the purpose of enjoying the
scenery, including plant and animal wildlife. Nature-based tourism may be either passive, in which observers tend
to be strictly observers of nature, or active (increasingly popular in recent years), where participants take part in
outdoor recreation or adventure travel activities.
A third major form of tourism is agri tourism, which refers to, the act of visiting a working farm or any
agricultural, horticultural or agribusiness operation for the purpose of enjoyment,
education, or active involvement in the activities of the farm or operation(Lobo, 2001). It includes taking part in a
broad range of farm -based activities, including farmers markets, petting farms, roadside stands, and pick your-own operations; engaging in overnight farm or ranch stays and other farm visits; and visiting agriculture related festivals, museums, and other such attractions(Dane 2001).
Weaver (1986, p.442) notes that tourism can not only result in enhanced employment opportunities,
increased income potential for local residents, diversification of the local economic base, and additional tax
revenues for rural areas, but it can also raise community visibility, and add cultural opportunities for residents.
These non-economic benefits are also discussed by Jurowski (1996, 112), who argues that tourism, if well planned,
can enhance local environmental resources.
Some have cautioned that while tourism has been a high-growth industry in recent years, it often produces
low-paying, part-time, and seasonal jobs (Bontron&Lasnier, 1997). However, others point out that such part-time
positions offer important opportunities for those rural residents lacking higher education and advanced training
since these individuals would generally not qualify for higher-paying, professional positions (Frederick, 1992).
Moreover, in many places people may already have part-time or seasonal jobs and tourism can help supplement
these workers salaries. For example, many farm laborers and some farmers only work during part of the year and
can use another job at a different time of the year to make more money. Part-time tourism jobs may also provide
needed income to a parent who needs time off to care for family members. High school-age children may also
prefer such jobs since their schedules would not accommodate full-time positions. Hence, part-time and seasonal
jobs may make the most sense for important segments of the rural population.
Tourism is most important issue of today's in societies, which challenged in political, economic and cultural
situations and living method of human. According to world tourism organization annually more than 600 million
people visit from attractive places of the world, that portion of Iran is 2 million. These Statistics are thinkable; as a
result research in this regard is essential especially in Charmahal-va-Bakhtiary province that is one of the most
attractive regions in Iran country. Ensuring the sustainability of tourism has become the main challenge of those
involved in the development and management of this vibrant sector of activity.
Also the tourism is economic and social concept that it purchases and sale countries cultural and natural
heritage and they can create more employment situations. Rural tourism is an appropriate option for create
revenue and employment and positive changes in rural income.

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With regard to tourism importance in different context and also this issue that Iran in historical and cultural
monument is one of 10 important countries in the word. And Iran in term of ecotourism attraction and climate
diversity is one of five attractive countries in the word.
We have a question that do we have conduct a survey in this province about factor affecting on tourism
development? Do we conduct a survey about the target villager's problems from rural view point? Then analysis
the information gathering from this target population that have direct interaction with rural tourisms to identify and
analyze factor affecting on Sustainable rural tourism development in Yancheshmeh Village in Charmahal-vaBakhtiary province is essential.
The purpose of this study is investigating factors influencing on feasibility of Sustainable tourism
development from villagers viewpoint.
METHODOLOGY
This research is considered as a library research whose information sources are collected by existing
sources in publishing reserves and also the presented basic facts and theoretical framework are combined by
researchs understanding and analysis. In order to collect information, the following methods have been used:
collecting information and examining background impression.
set of analysis activities.
adding up and presenting the solutions.
Miss ide the paradigm of this research was quantitative and the research design for this study was a
descriptive and correlation method. Research population consisted Yancheshmeh Village in CharmahalvaBakhtiary Province, that based on Bartlett table 176 (supervisors) were selected as research sample with stratified
sampling method.
The independent variables in this research were all factors that influence on Sustainable tourism
development in this village and the dependent variable was villager's viewpoints about sustainable tourism
development feasibility in this region. Questionnaire (that developed by researchers base on literature rearview)
and interview consisted the means for data gathering. Reliability and validity were of instrument were confirmed
and after data gathering data were analyzed by SPSS 15 and EXCEL software.
RESULT
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Since the data were collected by Likert-type scales, they
were treated as interval measures and then means, standard deviations, KMO analyze and Factor analysis were
calculated with the help of SPSS15 statistical software.
As it was already noted, this study sought to identify factor analysis that affecting for improve the rural
development tourism inYancheshmeh village inCh& Ba Province of Iran using a Factor Analysis technique. In this
paper and in this unit, we found the Factor Analyze conclusion.
Table1. Extract Factors
Factor
Basement
Management
Educational
Planning
Research

Special
3.92
2.87
2.69
1.87
1.04

Variance
32.3
21.2
10.36
8.72
5.03

Frequency
32.3
53.5
63.86
72.58
77.61

According to the table1, 5 factor extract, that finally 77.61% from variance covered by this five factors.
Basement with 3.92 special unit and 32.3 variance is top, and Research factor with 1.04 special unit and 5.03
variance is lowest factor in this research.
CONCLUSION
Researcher believe that planning and management of tourism are intersection concept that comprehensive
approach needs to intersection coordination between different sections. Then have been proposed to public
support from rural tourism and actual planning in this context with persuasion private sector investment in this
industry. More and better public service in fundamental affairs like accessible roads and facilitating access to rural
regions, create appropriate residency and service centers with high quality for tourism and also pay attention by
public office to rural with tourist attending and increasing facilities in rural can create job situation by this industry.
However codify and performance comprehensive program in education, research and basement dimention. As
research attraction is part of tourism attraction, in this regard was proposed: Predicating cultural aspects and
dissemination it from different ways like hand writing, mass media and web as tourism development context in the
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region. Appropriate investigation of cultural and education sectors is appropriate contact with tourist. Renewable
traditional jobs with indigenous culture like hand croft and provide it to tourist. Although advertisement and its
beneficiary is the last factor that arrived in factor analysis but this component is most important factor in tourism
development. Then persuasion local people to spontaneous action in context of advertisement in rural area by
provide brochure, pictures for tourists in this regard is efficient.
*Table2. Variables Factor Measures Extract from Varimax Matrix
Factor
Basement

Management

Education

Planning

Research

Variable
Lack of Accessible and available road
Lack of Basement for rest in tourism Goal Rural
Lack of wc services
Lack of comprehensive management
Lack of regional management
Lack of local management
Lack of resource management
Personnel education
Local education
Lack of Tourism education and guide of them
Lack of Effectiveness education
Lack of Mid term education
Lack of Regional Planning
Lack of Systematic planning
Lack of Planning for rural tourism
Lack of Planning for local management
Lack of Comprehensive Research
Lack of Case studies
Lack of Qualitative research
Lack of Team working for research
Lack of fund for research
Lack of applied research

Factor Measure
0.982
0.938
0.901
0.879
0.861
0.812
0.720
0.782
0.742
0.704
0.682
0.621
0.671
0.641
0.602
0.587
0.542
0.502
0.501
0.492
0.488
0.461

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