You are on page 1of 112

;`:

^,:

^aa `

^ ^r^

Thay Ivi tqa


atIC THU' GOr l hi st:Yr BAN IRE YEU VAN

Em X,
Em can nh& kh6ng Cdch clay hat nim,mcit butt chteu
em Igt tha'm tot. Nghe tang go' cira nhe-nhe, tat ha :
rBt vat (tip cho hit mot cdu (tong bat tva m.61
v6 tit
sdch. Kht dpl bid, quay lut th) em ct5 citing a sau lung
161 ma 1c11 khOng bat
Nher ham cla, nhtn chi& ban xlnh-xlnh ctia tI51, tren
.clat binh bang Ming, em twat cub( hdt :
Sing cid-1 via van nhu Ong, chic thd Mtn

va tot ddp :
Nghe nao cling co cal vut, niu khOng thl lam sao
theo (10;1 crircrc ; niurng tot tcr&ng ngiii vat van la m tit trong
nhirng ngh8 flitch nhit ma cling ccrc nhit.
R ot c6u chuyfn tap tyc t;(' ngh' cam but. Em ta-ma
hot toi Ue ccich
vtec bdn, viec tn, Ife ctert sing ciza m(it
val nha
cam-tinh va thir-te cua cro`c-gtd...
M:131 gkr sou, kb1 em c6o biet, tot cfira em l&i scin va
tut(
-am an em vi em ctai lam cho tot bong-khuang nl&
i
xudn : cu ng nhcr em bay g14', tot ngay xcra Fit mum but it
nhi seu v ie ctet to cdc van-nhan viz u&c-ao ctcrcrc song b6ng
clly vat.

Em'` a, hat mtrat tam ncim


tru-erc, mat ngay bOn
461 dip sach dl ngang bret-thcr cua cu Nguygn van Vinh,
.not ngO1 nha &Ong to HO Tay cd hang rho tam-xucin

lr trbc m?i1. Nht"cu Min 161 g!p cp bon bo du-phut c a-k!, 16t
mrif chick xe mdy du, chat' xu6t dfrerng Quan- 1h6nh, va-

khl xc do chny qua, lot lhu r ang quay Ipl ng6 cu


Lai nhirng bunt chic"u hc^, ngot dtr&l goc da lrei dtrd'ngCo-ngtr, nhln ba ngon nat Tan uy-ngfhl, xanh lham, lot;
cling udl ban coo hung ngdm cdu
Nh p the"-cut 6"at {t6 v6 va"n-ter
ma cling hen v6l nhau sau nay ae phat
4

bat kha v6

Irru

laii cdi g-

d6 cho doi.

Nhirng luc aY,' long tot thay sot-not lam, frrang nhtrsap thank Nguyen Cong Tr0, To $ong Pha ca rot. Tut
xanh ngong (h(! Em ctreri it ? Chac em cOOng tang tOrnlyay

Ngoai cat le 161 m&l n61, IN can co rn o n em vi nboa


nh,rng cdu lid! cua em f 0 1 m&l b1c'1 fir kiem-sod( lal fir(trang tang cdch lam viec, r"ol suy-nghi de nhpn ro nhirng
bon-phon c: ng quyen-lo f cua toi, va sau cli ng tot lal ra
tong soon cuo"n nay hau gitip nhirng ban (re no sap bumcvao nghe vill van cb san (dl - Ileu de quyet - d/nh.
Horn nay sOc/i do vl t xong. Tot biet can thiCu nhie"u,
c6 nhirng van-d"e nhtr Sr kiem-cluY4t 95th 6tio, Nha van v(ri
nhi cam quyen . ma 161 chtra the' dem ra ban diroc, hoot
chi m&1 ban qua. Nhung chat em do hieu tai sao ma khong
ba'I lol 161 ehtc ? Can nhtr dai-loaf nhirng cdu ho rn d6 em
hoi to! !hl o- Joy I N JO ltd 10-1 du va 161 mong ring cuonsQch nay c&ng co The' lam cho em ga"n cIir(y c lhoa-man
N/& c6 em 161 mirl vial no, (hi xin em gi r lay n6 lam kynicm Goi la mot chtit duycn vein.
Ski - Rim ngAy 17 thong 9 nom

1955,

NGUYEN HIEN - LE
Cho thlch khi t(i ben (1968)
Prong cuon nay toi ch xet ve`
N;h? ON vAn, ci,n v Nf,i(vn vy nhi vdn 6 . 11,01 chung to thi xin 9qc
ti ,wiu Ally v.Vn li^ any rltrnq v.in hole can tia, do ahn Tao E3in.
7tu1t 1Jn 1iu uNn, I96M

PHAN TH(T NHtY T

Nghe viet van hien nay

CHU'aNG I

Nth VAN LA MOT NGHE


Viet mot c an sach to lam mot
ding nhir the tgo mot cal (Ping hO.
LA BRUYERE

M6t anh ban tOi, thay ted viet cued nay, mim ctreri,
hei

Viet van ma clang IA mat nghe tr


Ted ding mim ctr6d, dip
Anh chtra not het y'r, song tOi da doin dtro . c. Co
phai anh cho viet la truyen ba ttr ttrerng, giai by ntii
lOng cUa minh ; neu vi'et van IA met nghe chang h6a ra
nghi den viec dem bin cii tam ttr IA cal ding qi4 nhat
trong con ngtrei de cau su. am no cho xic the ?.. Neu
qua anh nghi vay thi tOi xin hai lai anh : day hoc nhtr
anh bay giO. N/A tOi hOi trtrac ciing IA dem bin nhirng
hieu biet, ttr ttrerng ca lOng yeu tre nfra de lay ni6t

VIET VAN LA MOT NGHE


10

1t

NGHE VIET VAN

s6 1trc y ng, voy thi t*i sao day .hoc anh nhAn la mat nghe
ma Vitt v1In aiih Ip1 kh8ng chiu nhan ?
Anh

tin

t8i d6 khong phi la ngtr6,i doc nha't nghi


lam nhtr v4y dAu. Trong x^ hi chung ta hien nay, mtr&i
ngtr&i chac c6 sau bay ngtro'i con giir cal thien kin y.Ho
cho viLt vIn kh8ng phai IAA mot nghe vi nghe d6 con m&i
mi & ntr&c ta qua: tar cu6i the ky Yg tr& ve trtr&c, 6ng cha
ta tuy^t nhien khong he nghe n6i cue"n nghe vie"t van va

kiem mot ban in, nh6, mot nha nho duyet qua lai, roi
tir tien mtr&n tho- khac, khOng can xin phep tic gia.Tac
gia chang nhCrng cho vay la ttr nhien ma c$n 1ay lam
vinh hanh dtro a c mot hieu sach in sach mnh.
T6m lai, mot tic pham ngay tir khi chep hoc in xong
de truyen b^ trong dan chung 1a d^ thanh ngay cua cong
roi, Ai in 1ai cung dtrgc, ai ban cung dtrac, tham chi de"n
r
ai mu6n tir y su a chira, them bat ra sao cung dtrac 1 Vi

ngh6 nay chi xuat hien vao hi ma Nguyen van Vinh,

vay ma moi tic pham c6 nhieu ban khong giong nhau,.


nhtr Truyen Kieu c6 de"n nam, sau ban in, ban cua ho

Tan Da, Pham Quynh bat d"au sinh nhai bang ngoi btit
vit^t bao.

NguyZn, ban in & inh, ban in cr Ha Ni, ban cua hiei.

Thai xtra, cac cti ta lam tho , , lam phti, viet truyen
ngan, truyen dai, scan Sir ky, Dia ly..., deu Ia dee' tieu
khien hoc gidp d&i, cilu danh, chic khong khi nao
nghi t&i tin. Vie"t xong to t tic pham, cac cu chip tay
l i
a , g'i cho ban be doc. Con chau hoc m8n sinh thay
sach hay, g6p nhau, ke vai quan, ngtr6,i dam tin, thue

sach nay, ban cua hieu sach khac.


Tinh trang d6 that d^ c6 hi cho van hoc.
Hai thin nhat Ia van hoc phat trien khong mz.nh, Viee't
van 1^ khong phai la mot nghe, nghia la tic gia da khong
c6 chut quyen lo'i vat chat gi ca thi vie"t chi con 1a de" tieu.
khien, dau pham van cao ma prang tat nhien phai kern,

the khac Ien go quy. Thcr khac xong, cac cu cho in it

Chung ta thin ttr&ng ttrgng neu Victor Hugo cung chi vi


r
danh hay hirng ma viet thi tac pham cua Ong co dtro c tcri

chic, it tram ban g&i tang be ban, ba con. Ngtr6,i la

so tram .nhtr vly khong ? Va. nau Honore de Balzac khOng

muon c6 mt ban thi cir mang giay m;rc 1i, ngtr&i giir

dtroc cac nha xu"at ban tra mot xu nhO nao thi bo Haik_ich cua nhdn loci (La comed.ie humaine) co ra (tai diro-c

ban khac san long cho phep in hoc nu nh& ho in

thi hq tinh tin tong rat nhg, H 9 thay c6 mot cal vinh
dir d+xSrc truyen b^ tic phlm v 1 vinh dSr d6 du lam cho

a
cha.ng ? Ca the ky trtr&c, ntro c nha xuat ban may lam

ho thOa man, lam c8ng vi^c d6 ho chi mong tra on

t?trcrc tram b6 sach con Phap thi hang ir.c bg, rguyen
nhan chanh la cac cir cho viet On khong phi la :not

6ng cha hoc thay hoc, hoan town vi tinh chit khOng
Iqi.

nQhe.

vi

C6n nOi v? nhf ng, cct'r.r (hang chuy8n ban Bich Whir
nh(rng cir h 1ng d ph(S lban h Gai, Ha nti hi xtsa, thi
he thay m(1t ctic^n nao 4^ c6 nhi^,i ngtr6 , i h6i, hip lien

Hai thir nhi la do cai nan ai in lai cung dtrgc, ai


sira china cung dtrac, khong can cho tic gia hay, ma
co nhi"eu tic ph^anm vita m&i ra d&i dtrgc vai chiic name

VIET VAN LA MOT IsiGHE

NGHE VIET VAN

d5 sai han nguyen van; khien cho hau th e` rnu6n nghien

.
bin dtro. c, khong in dtro c thi chtra phai la met

tic phalli.

tire Ye x5 hei theri d6, danh phai king tang, khOng


bi'et can cir vac, din, dau t6n rat nhieu tong phu cling
kh6 tim ra dtrac six the.c.
Nhirng hai de, ngtrOi phtrang Tay se.m tranh dirge,
nho h9 s&in nhan viet van la met nghe.
The kSt xy tai Phip, La

ontaine bin cu6n Psyche


cho nha xuat ban Barbin lay hai tram dOng tien vang,Mo-

Cii nghe d6 that la ky clue dung nhtr thi ha P.


noi.
Valery
Lam nghe hot tee, ban phai sarn it nhat met cii
.
a met cii giro ng, vai cii lege, rOl.
tong-do. ,hai con dao co,
khan lau, khan quang, clau therm, ban chai...; lam nghe.
thg mec phii c6 ctra, ce dee, c6 bao, c6 thtre.c...;

here bin kick Tartuffe cho nha xuat bin Ribou dirge

via van thi chi can met cay viet, met tap giay, hai thin

hai ngan quan. Tir d6 ve sau, cic dai van hao nhtr

ma ngtreri nao chAng co s1n trong nha ?

Diderot, Balzac, Vigny, Lamartine Hugo... der chang

Chang can co bang cap nha nghe bin thu6c, nghe

lay se ban van lam ngtrang ma con kith lies tranh gianh

giao-str, nghe dinh may, hoac it nhat cling co met so the'


chirng nhan rang ta der tap sir dau, lam nhfing cOng

mei quyen lgi cho ngtreri cam bat. Teri narn x886, ham
bon chat ntre . c der ky chung met hiep trerc 6 . Berne
(Kirsh de) They si) de the chb van nhan va quy dinh re)*
rang quy'en tic gia.
Very khap the gi&i der cOng nhan viet van la met
nghe Ira chung ta clang ding ngac nhien khi thay
ctiOn sich day each viet van de bin

tien, nhtr :

Writing for love or for money (Viet vi thich hoac vi


tien)

Nha xuat ban. Norman Cousins.


Writing and selling (Viet va bin) ciia Patterson.

Met van si MST' der" n6i : Met nha van co tai phai la
met ngtreri co tai bin tic pham . Met quan nieri nhtr
very c6 ice cho la khOng cao thtrang nheng qu;', la thee
to no c6 the gitip met s6 nha van d& dei ret kien
nhan deo dtt6i nghe thuat, va trix&c het ne giap cho
dec gii c6 sich d'e d9c vi met tic pham ma kh8ng

.
viec gi, nhtr nghe the dien, the, . sit, ta cling van deric dra
van dan mer reng tip den. Ai tnr xet de sac xong pha

veri cay via thi , day, cir ti'en. The% de qui, de den n6i
Vu Bang di' mai mia :

Thi dip - lom kitting d'au thi via van. Lay


khOng chive chOng, chcin doi cling viet van. ftOi thi

mtthi sa y , mi eri bay tuili dau, aura bi'et dal la gi het,


g
cling via vein era ma viet nit nhi u la khcic ( ),
.
via xong la a day, hay c6 ngu ai khOng vi'et gi
nturng cer tu: nlz4n la ngtthi van nghe (r).
Da de ma lai- ce

e nhan va te do.

y ang,

nhan lim, nhan den nOi ngtreri ta


Nhan,

thee:mg lam nha van ve i nha... that nghiep. Kheing


can nei den cie van si vui ve trei trung hO x.93o(1) Ngt^i

vgn

nghe, anh di thin ?

Mfri SO 57

t4

NGHE V1ET VAN

X99, su&t ngay dam la ca a quan rtr( y u, hop dem


dat diu nhau dao hit ba m u ai sau ph6 phirirng Ha-noi,
ti khi nao chin lang thang m&i dong ctra trong vai
tun de ((di)) ra mot tic pham ; hay not ngay nhtr cac
van hao btrc nhat o' Phap, Anh nhtr A. France, A.
Maurois, G. Duhamel, A.J. Cronin, Somerset Maugham
chang hen, may 8ng nay not tie'ng trir tic nhieu, ma
lam viec cung thong thi lam, cir vie"t do nam, sau
thing tai nghi choi nam, sau thing hoc vie"t buoi sang
thi nghi bu'oi chieu. Co nghe gi dtrg c thanh tho'i
nhtr v4y khong ?

VIET VAN LA MOT NGH E

13

doi phi be rut tarn ra. Mot anh ban toi da phai vi"et
t&i hai gi& khuya roi bat vc day chap ban thAo tir
natn gi& sang de sach ra cho kip th&i. Thi tai tir
ai bang Tan Da, co 1an bi Dip van Icy gia.c ba bon
lan, d"en not phat gat len : << Lam tha chir phai mo
lo? n dau ma dung gi& dtro'c ? ma roi sung phai ran
vie"t de khoi phai nghe ben tai nhfrng loi lAi nhai,
eo xeo.
De"n nhtr muon viet gi tuy y thi do chi la mOng
ttr&ng cua nha van. Tinh canh nha van hi 1784 ma
Beaumarchais d"a mtrgn tai Figaro mot vai cha.nh trong
kich cua ong de mo to nhtr sau, hien nay van chtra

Tuy :ihien, do chi la be ngoai. Thtrc ra mot nha


van yeu nghe va bie"t ttr trong, thi than nhan ma tam
ba"t nhan. Nhu ng luc ta ttrang ho nghi ngo-i, nhtr
khi di dao mat, di du-lich, la c^ trong tiem sach, tr
chuygn trong bra tic, ho cung thtrang nhan xet,
suy nghi roi ghi chip de dting lam tai lieu cho cu6n
sach ma ho se vie"t ; bao gi& ho cung a thai nghen
hai 'ba tic pham & trong dau,

thay doi lam :


Ngw ii ta cho toi bie"t rang trong hic toi v"e
vtrb,n, thi (r kinh thanh Madrid m&i ban hanh mot

chee dg trr do thwo ng mqi ve cac sin vat; chi dg


a"y cia thi hanh ca trong pham vi a"tz bat nira ; va
mien la trong cong cuoc trtr6c thudt, toi dirng not
gF can pham di z quyen chink, de"n ton giao, din
chinh-tri, den ludn-1, den cac nha dzro-ng-ciao, den

nghe a"y cung chira chic da dirge ttr do. Dinh rang

r
cac co -quan the"-lu e, de"zz nha Opera, den tdt ca moi hi
h
vin ichac, din rngt ngzro i nao c6 ti dia-vi, thi tOi dtrrrc
tzr-do muo"n in gi thi in, sau khi hai ba nha kiem-duyet

nha van khong phai t&i hang dung gi& ; thirc su6t

da xem-xet ro"i(z)

dim cung dtro c ma ngu tron ngay cung dirge, hic nao

Quyen ttr-do cua ban khong phai chi bi han-ch"e

cao hirng m&i viet ; nhtrng ne"u khong ke nhfrng nha

nhtr vay ma thoi dau. Stich vie"t ra de ban, va khong nhieu


thi it, ban phai chieu thi-hieu ciia ngtr&i mua, nghia la

V3y, nhan thi nghe vie"t van chtra han da la nhan ;


con ttr do, ti r do trong phixo'ng tier lam viec, thi

van tai t?r , thi mot khi da song nh& cay vie"t, ngtr&i
ta lam sao khoi chin nhieu bo buc, chang han nhtr
bi nha xuat ban hay nha bao sai ngur&i de"n thuc bai
mot ng^y ba b6n phen; cap bach'tar&ng nhtr ho muon

(1) Ding-thai-Mai trick djch trong cuon Van-hpc khai-lu^in

(Lien-hip xuatban cc 1950).

16

NGHg VIET VAN

VIET VAN LA. MOT NGI-it

ctia nha nha xuat-ban thi nha


coi nha van nhtr nhirng con ngtya dua fella hp va mtreri
nha van Chan-chinh thi chin nha phan-nan: Thi chtra
xult-bin dtrp. c cu6n nao thiyc nhtr y t8i can. Au la ta

y
rOi. TOi khOng hieu vi sa , nhtrng tOi viet khOng ngirng
flint' ngtral phu trim chgy, va toi khOng the lam khdc

chr&c(...) Ddy nay,46i da ng trir&c mat Ong, tOi beatkhoein, tran troc va lac nao tOi cling nh& rang co mot cdi

cling dirng nen vAi n6i d6n sly ttr-do cita nghe cam btitl

r
tieu-thuyet Bang eha do l tOi.TOi nhinthdy mot dam may
trong gain het mot chiec cltrawg-cam va tOi nghi rang
phdi ghi Igi rang co mot darn may acing giOng nhachiec cluvng-cam. La kia ngti4 nlur mui hoa tur&ngclawng va iiip tire, tOi nghi ngay den hoa htr&ng-dtrng
mui tat.-lqt Nh& lily de dung vao mot (loan td cdnh
maa hq. TOi rink Ong va rink ca tOi nira, rink tirng
cd nhirng
cdu, tirng chit; a:4 vOi ghi vao trong

Ngtreri ta bao tai-hoa thtrerng menh bac; nhtrng


t8i nghi khemg phai ngtreri ta menh bac vi tal-hoa ma
chi beri qui chIng tai cita minh cho nen chet
TOi khOng bac) mieng nOi nhtr Proudhon rang nghe
viet van la nghe ghe scy nhat; nhtrng ngheJohn Burroughs
bao nghe de lam cho dau ban thi nOng,chin ban thi lank,

va sty tieu-h6a cic thirc an phai ngtrng-tre>i, thi cir theo


str nh4n rieng ctla t8i, tOi thy Burroughs khOng n6i
ngoa: hai ban van thin cita tOi deu dau gan, con tOi siu
tam nay bi benh dau bao-tir
Romain Rolland, tic-gii bc) tfeu-thuyet trtrernggiang Jean Christophe, viet thtr cho ban la Louis Gillet:
... moi cuOn trong bpi Christophe lam cho tdc tOi

bac di nhieu(nOi cho thing thi lam tOi mdt di nhieutOc);,


tdt cd nhirng cuOckhzing-hoeing czia nhein-vat elks tOi
lam cho tOi dien-ddo cling nhtr ngtr&i trong truyen, ma
co phan hviz era, vi the-chart tOi kitting rnqnh bang !
TchOkov tntrcrn leri mOt nhan-v4t trong mGt truytn
ngan de ta nbi dau khZ3 trong ciing-vRc sang-t-c.c :

Ngay dem, mot ttr-ttrerng theo dui tOi, thu het teimly.c tOi: phdi viet, phciiviet, can phdi VI viet xong
mot truyen, tOi lgi thdy can phdi via mot truyen khdc

chiP dO, co le mot ngay kia tOi se dem ra clang.


va khi nao cOng-viec xong tOi pheti nghi-ngoi, quell
di; nhang (3- trong dau tOi quay long-lOc nt6t hist gang,.
mot de-tai truyen meri, va t6i lqi nhdy so den ban viet,
cdu

va to c& phdi viet hdp tap ntur the, va tOi khOng


diro. c nghi ngwi lac nao, dO 1a ttr tOi lam tOi Our vgy.
TOi thily rang chink minh lgi tieu hely dbi mink va lay
claw mat ong de dem cho nhirng ngtr64 khOngquen biet
y
er khap b5.2 plurt ng tr&i, chink tOi da lay luro'ng
nhi nhirng bong hoa dep nheit cda tOi, tOi vb xe, tOi cha
(kip g6c re ctla nhirng cdy hoa do. CO phdi ti3i diem
khOng ?

(I) Vu Bang djch

Kh5o ve Ti'6u thuyet

Phlitm Van Ttrai,

NGHE VET VAN

V /ET VAN LA MOT N GH E

Nhtr v4y thl lam sao ma chang chong gia, chit yeu P
Va ke doc xong Chinh phy ngdm cua Ding Tran Con

ban phai tim cach viet hcrn nguai khac va hun nhirng
is c pham tnr&c cua ban. Ban phai chitin du v&i ngtr&i

ma bao : Tinh than tic gia trut het vao trong khi c nay,
vay khOng qua ba nam y se chet ) da qua la hieu r6 cai

va vo'i minh, khong the de cho cay biut cira ban ^xuong

s6 menh cua nghg si I

nhien ban se bi dc gia tha o', co khi con cay nghiet

My nha bac hoc My sau khi phan tich mau cua

luon trong vai ba nam vi mot khi n6 da xu6ng thi tat


mia mai la khac nii a.

nhirng ngtr&i da lam viec nam, sau gio' lien tip bang

Dai mot dao hat, khi ve gia, chua xot ra sao thi

tinh than ma khong thy co chat do' nhtr mau cua

do'i mot nhA van khi bi dc gia quen ten cung no nuot

nhirng ngtrai da lam viec bang tay chan, nen da ke"

nhir vay.,D6 la s6 phAn chung cua nghe si.

Juan rang lam viec bang tinh than khong met. Toi cung
muon tin dieu ay, song hang thang, c6 khi hang nam,
chu y vao mot van de, co bfra cong ltrng su6t ngay tren

Ma trong cac nghe thuat, van nghe co phan bac bEo

ban viet thi the chat co ltrc ltr&ng nhtr Balzac cung kho
ma chang s&m thay ngay suy.

nhat. Tai cac mr&c van hoc rat thinh, dc gia rat dong
nhtr nir&c Phap, moi thai chi dtrac dam ba nha van
nh& cay vie"t ma phong Itru nhtr Voltaire, A ictor Hugo,

Cai dieu met tri nha"t trong nghe do la nha van phii
chitin dau su6t db a i. Ban la giao sir, soan bai trong nam
dau roi nhCrng nam sau, nu cung van day mon coo va l&p
do thi cong viec nhe di gia n'ra. Ban la y si t.hi sau
mithi nam kink nghiem, trir nhfrng trtr&ng ho'p dac
biet, ban khong can phai suy nghi lung cung down ra
dwgc bgnh.

Anatole France..., con phan dong thi du an la may.


nur &c nha, tinh canh nha van tat nhien con hac am ho'n
nhi"eu, Nam Cao song v&i mot manh vtro'n trau khang ;
T
n
TranHuyen ra chui rvc trong mot tup leu tren mat ho,
ngay vie"t van, t6i di chieu phim cho mot hang hatbong,
Tham Tam phai dong sach cho nha Tan Dan ale kiem
them tien do nhat ; Thir Khanli gia dinh nam sau ngtro'i

Nghe cam but thi khac han.Nloi tac pham la mOt cong
trinh mo'i, phai tim toi, tram tu', sap y, lira tie"ng, sira

chen chdc nhau trong m6t chic ghe dai ba thtro'c va

co hoi lai phai ngu o via he ; con Vu Trong Phting thi

cau... Ma nu nho' quen nghe, ban viet dtro'c de dang


ho r n thi lai phai tir thong vd'i sir de dang ay. LuOn luon

thot mot cau chua xot : Ngtrai to ma dtroec an cam


thi sir&ng that !

20

NGHL VIET VANE

Cam khOng du an, nha khOng ao khOng


mac ma dau lOng nhat la c6 khi bi chinh cha mg,
con, anh em khinh bi nira.
Vi ngh8 bac b^'o, nen dau-data va thi y i nao
thay not len nhang lai ta oan no. Thi-nhan chin nhiseu
not dau klf6 han ca, to giong u5t h5n nhat. Nhtr Baudelaire nghien rang nguyen rtia TrOi (IA sinh Ong lam
thi si. J. Leiba mu6n kip sau dtrac lam ten keo xe. Can.
HoAng Canh Nhan su6t deri cnng kh6n, gin nhtr cuOng,.
e
ngam trong mot d em
trir tich :
Nhir b6i ha tri ngO tv ha,
Wing phao tam sty tic thi nhdn,
( Bon tre biet ddu ta to
Wing dem tdtn trt de lam tiny )
Thi si Paul Scarron nhac lai not kli vO cUa mink
trong ninIng van dtrai day ma Ong bao ngtrO than
khac len
cho Ong.
Celui qui y maintenant dort
Fit plus de pitie qu' envie,
Et souffrit mille lois la mort
Avant que de perdre la vie.
Passant ne fais ici de bruit ;
Garde bien que to ne l'eveille
Car void la premiere nuit
Que le pauvre Scarron sommeille

VIET VAN LA MOT NCH)'

21

( Ngtr&i diving net & day d5 clang thtro'ng hai


IA ding tr&c ao va ca ngan ran data khii tu&ng tag
trtthc khi lia coi d&i. Hai khach qua dtr&ng, &nag
ch et,
l kn tan & day; coi chirng ky dirng danh thirc tagtreei vi
day la dim diu tien ma Scarron ding thuceng hai duc
ngti.)
Gan day, Binh Hanh, khi mac nu)t chirng nan y
.
th& than trong bal. Tu si :
TrO i diet nu& ta co le thera,
Nen thi i klaing thutin, van khOng tra.
lao,
Bat tai, than the dam
Da b'enh, nhdn sinh hoi lot lira,
Duy^n phnn ra chi ma co guvng,
Tdm ltr con chid tong xin chira,
giwerng cQt cho the hi-,
MO lit vein veto, cay doing aura ?
Oin thi oin, oin th5m t4, ma s6 nha van giai aigh
cling van it. Trong may tram van si hOi tien chi'en, chi
c6 dam ba ngtrOi quy'et tam gac but nhtr Trtic DSrnh,
Phiarig Tat Dac, (1) can ngoai ra d'eu bi m6t mOi to
tam buOc ch4, nhtr 164 nOi cOa Tan Da.
Hang ngtrO'i nay by sinh than lag va ca gia dinh ho
cho van ngh :
,;(1) Gan day Flo Phnng lai viet lai

22

NGHE V1ET VAN

Co bpn di vay mw rn de" ra bao. Co ngwbi nhin


an nhin ngu de vial sach Co ngwbi ca hat trong

thank ban va ntrorc mat ilia lam tho'. Co ngtrb i co


quen ed anh em, hq hang the"t choc d'e xdy dirng kich
hat, Co ngrro'i vwVt ca gian lao, lirn loi ve vang t"e de
song vOi ddn chung, lam le nhat nhanh tai lieu da tao
nen nhCrng thien phong str (z)
Co nhi@n mot so ham danh, nhtrng danh von nhat

CHiJCJNG II

NGHE VIET.,VAN,
a NIJOC TA HIEN NAY

nheo, khong du de lam quen cai thanh gia deo tren vai.

Van chtrang ha-gio't to nhtr W.

Tat can 1y do khac, Ly do d6, toi da chi trong cuon.


Luyen van,ay la van tho' CO silt quye"n du vo cung. Co
sting v&i no m&i me n6, ma da me n6 thi kho ga ra
thrcrc, Nhtr Andre Maurois da n6i ; u D6i v&i mot
ngur&i da cho'i mot canh bac lan thi six rut lui ve nghi
ngai la mot t ieu gan nhtr chiu khong noi, Ngtrcri do
da ghien mt thfr la hoat dung, khbng the tay dc dtrac
nfra .

TN-DA
Thtra ban, toi von khong tra nhirng chuyen buorn.
Toi nghi buon thirang phi hoai,vui m&i kin-thiet. Vay
,
nu ban thy cuoi chtrc ng triro c v^ dau chtrrrng nay
du co giong ho'i bun, thi thtrc khong phai tai toi, ma
tai van-cue vay.
Trong chtrung tren, toi da dan mat don cua Vu
Bang ve tinh canh cua nha van 1&p trtr&c. Day lai xin
phep 6ng dan them mot down nu'a:
<i C^ iahirttg nha van-nghe vie"t bsi ca thong cho
boo ma du'ac ba dong (i) ; m(t ngwb,i khach tir que ra
tinh moi Ian vai chuc coy so ina"t hang long ma hang
r
ntra nom khong stem vee cho nita duro c lay rant xu la;
co anh viet, vie"t vie't ma cfr nhin doi dai ngu'ai ra,
phdi an phi' hang thong de" trir corn roi ket cc, din

1 . Ngtr&i van nghe, anh di d3u ? caa Vu Bang.

(i) Hoi Tien chi"en, t&c ba gia

ha.

NCH^ Vl g T VAN

26

dai qua thi nha bao co the clang gill') ban dtrorc. Ay IA
chO ne nang lAin day. COn nhtr moon xuat ban, ban
phai ttr b6 von ra nhu. Ong Vu dinh Long. Tat nhien la
ban khOng can
tOi van bat.
Tau thuyk de ban hon. Hien nay, neu khOng
nhfing tau thuyet cu tai. ban N/A nhung tau thuyet chi
ding tren bao thi moi nam ntreec nha xuat ban trung
binh aing duTic dam, Kitt chuc cuOn. SO dO co y e nhu
l
&n, nhung hOi cac nha xuat ban thi m i biet mtr&i bin
thao g&i tai, ho chi nh4n co mot, hai.
Viet tieu thuyet co the rat dekiem an ; mien la co
cAi giong hap din va bat chieu nhfing thi hieu tam
thu&ng cua dai chting la ngtreri to co the ltro m ducyc
mtr6 , mueri hai ngan mot thing rii. Nhtrng tOi bat
ban qui trong nghe cam but, nen khOng xet trtr&ng
ho:p hang nha van dau co . 'ay.
Ban co luting tam, lai yeu nghe thu4t, vat mot tieu
thuyet hai tram trang gi'ay in, it nhat mat siu thing, nhtr.
vat' In'Oi dam dtro:c hai cu6n. Neu ca hai deu dtrac nha
xuat bin mua chotruing hap ay ham lam thi mot
dam ban kiem dtro:c khoang hai van &Ong (1). Ngoai ra,
g
(I) Mot tieu thuy t hai tram trang, thir&ng in ba ngan cuan,
cuan ban khoing ba chat ding. Nha xuat ban tri ban 10 phan 100
gia ban tinh theo s6 sash in ra.

Vay tnOi cugn ban dtrcrc lanh "

. X

10
3.000
9.000d
1 00
.
toi tinh chin la 10.000ct. Hai cutin, ban cltro c 20.000d
Hi0 nay (1968) tic quven co khi chi la 7% 5% 34; gia sach so
i nam 1955 tang Lan gap ba, con mfrs sinh hoat tang len it nhat la
gap main.

NGHL VItT VAN Nueirc TA HItN NAY

ne'u tau thuyet cila ban td6i nam dtro'c tai ban hai cuOn
tic pham Cita Khai Hung cfing chtra dtro:c thee thl
&Si nam ban dtro'c them hai van &Ong nira, cong la bOn
van. Nhung ban co the chic rang luOn trong rinthi dam
hai mtrai nam, ban tiu tic deu deu theo muc dO va.
ban trei het ca nhu v4y hay chang ? Ban ma dam chic.
thi tOi phut ban, ban han ca Balzac, Hugo, Maugham,
Zweig !
Tom 14i, ban phai vao hang tieu thuyet gia dai tai
va rat hen tried co by vong kiem ducyc trung binh hcrn
ba ngan &Ong mot thing, con kern s5 luang mot thtr
khOng con,
str co hang cap cao tieu, khOng
sei tan do ma dam de the tir thi chic chin ban
nhu Tit Xtrcrng
Chu

tirng bixa toot mai ho,

va cay ding, tai nhitc


Van n(r 1dm khilran nithc
COn ve loai khao ciru thi tOi chtra thay nha van
nao & ntr&c minh ma chuyen song ve logi ay.N6 thuOc
loai khO bin, m8i dam town queic xuat bin dO hai chuc
cuOnke ca flitting cuOn tai bintrong sO del chi vii
ba cuOn in ba ngan ban, dm thu&ng IA hai ngan, co

khi.

chi ngan rtrOi ma ban clang lay lat . nam nay qua dam
khac. Stich lo4i ay viet cang cao, bin cang kh6 ma nhang.
nhA van dUng din bao gi& ciing muOn viet

m8i ngay.

24

NGHA VI9T VAN

cu6i ndm, giao-thira khOng cd tie"n trd, xuyt bi hang pha,


phang cho mot trdnu.
Vu Bang khong n6i qua ttau. Ngay &

NGHt VIET V AN Y NLY rC TA HItN NAY

25

ct a ong xuat-ban hi nam ngoai, kh6ng phi nh3


xuat-ban b6 tin in du.
Cbn ne"u dem thy bian cho nha baao tr? Thl mot

GBn,
swi tin rung bac ben nay, nam 1939, mat anh ban;

tun moi nha bao nhan cttrgc hang chic, hang tram

bat the y cua cac thi si trong cac van-do'an A, B, C .. .

Sal

tot dam-nhifrn phi-trtro ng van-chtrang cho mot


isl$t-b&, c^ tie"ng m-a mii thing chi dtr tc lank- c6 ndm
g, to t an kh3c deco mot trugen ngan bin cho

g&i lai yeu-cu, khan-khoan xin ding, toa soan phai

li ng vao sot tic tirng x .p, tirng xap, chi giir 1a1 vii

tn,t to tu$nbio, dtrgc chu-nhiem tra bang= mot t8-

ba bai ding Q< vj tinhn ; nhtr v$y thi con ai di gi bo ra

pb&, mot ly c3-phe va vii 1&i an-ua:'

ti n ma mua ?

Th&i may c6 kh'a hon mot chttt. Muen-xet ky, tbi xin..
phin-bit van-nhan lam nam hang:

Neu c6 ngu &i nao thy tho a minh dtrgc ding ma


,, d6i

tin nhuan butt6i ttrcrng th&i nay it ai lai khung

nhtr vaythi tea soan se n6i thing vao mat ngtr6,i d6


-- nha they

rang : Anh dirng nen lam ttr&ng rang anh c6 tbi. ir?ang

nha-soan kich

the- anh la chung tai mu6n khuyen khich anh, quang

-- Nha viet tieu thuyet.

cao gium cho ten anh stay. Ding le anh phai tra tier
quang cao cho chting t8i, chit con d6i tien nhun but

-- nha viet skch khao-c*u


--- ky gi&
Nha th cr thi kh&i phai xet tinh-canh cua hq. Neu
1 119 kh6ng c^ cha mg, vqq con, anh em, ban-be de
ntro ng ttra, 1ai chi chuyen lam thu ma hdng ban thce
d? s6ng thi ho dien, that 1A dien. Xin hoi ban, tha
ban cho all Cho nha xua"t-ban tr? Khong mot nha
nao chju mua ca. Vu Hoang Chtro ng la mot trong
nhung thi-nhian chi danh nhat ma cung con ph zi s6ng
ve nghe day hoc va ban Wen bit"t top Rtrng phong

niratr ?
Toa bao nao nha nhan lam thi m&i g&i tang cho
(thi ha w d6 mot s6 bao. Nhirng & Saigon nay, ban vigc
Whir cac Ong chit nhiean, chA but, thi da c6 ma"y Ong dir
thi gi& ma nghi iien van de vtinh cam y. T6t ho'n 1a thi
si nen 1ai sap bao mua thi chic hen, mua mtro'i s6 cue
tang it ban be.
Kich cung kh6 bian nhtr the, nhat la loci kich tho'.
{ich cua ban nu vui, c6 chiat it nghe thuat, va dirng

:30

NGHE ViET VAN

rung ga` p mtrili, gip tram ta, (khap the gio & i co khoang
nam clitic trieu ngtr&i bie't doc tieng Phap va tren ba tram

NGHE V1E T V AN l NU&C TA HItN N AY

31

ngay. Chinh giai thtr&ng khOng la bao, chi co nam ngan


quan, nhtrng Anh hu'&ng cua no rat lien: nha xuat ban

trieu ngtrai bie"t doc tiee'ng Anh), ma nghe viet van cling 1a

se dam in ngay tan dau hai tram ngan cuo"n, tinh gia

mot nghe chat vat nhat. Charles Braibant trong bai tra

trung binh moi cu6n nam tram quart, quyen tic gi.a it

cuon Le metier d'ecrivain. ( Nghe viet van) vie"t

nhat 1a ao phan xoo, tirc 5o quan, hay la 5d , chi tinh

H&i ban tie' (lava nghe viet van ), ban t.'i nhdm
luc khb khan. Stich ban khong duac. VVai nha xua"t ban
than nhien nuot lo'i, chi ck nhirng dieu trong giao keo
ma ho da ky. Ma nghe cang kho kha;z tai tang dong
ngtr&b.
My, theo J. N. Leonard trong bai Learning how

rieng ve hai tram ngan cuon do, tieu thuyet gia da c tro c
dung mot trieu bac roi !
Roi con Anh htr&ng t&i nhCrng coon sau nixa : chtra
dtro'c thtthng, rnai cuon in ba ngan so can e", dtroc
thtr&ng roi thi bit ky cu6n nao viet ra cling cam chic
ban dtroe c chuc ngan tr& len.

to write (Hoc cach viet), thi rieng ve loai tieu thuye"t,

Noi ehi t&i nhirng nha van not danh khap th"e gi&i

d^ c,o hang ngan nha chuyen mon va nam nao cling them

nhir A. Gide, Tolstoi, Gorki, Cronin, London, Maughatn

hang van ngtrai tap vie"t. Trong so do, bao nhieu ngtrai

Koestler, Zweig, Steinbeck.... Tic pham nao 1io cling

thanh tong nghia 1a co tien va co danh ? May lam la

lan dau in hang chiic ngan cuon roi tai ban hang chic

dtrac b5n phan ngan, con chin tram chin mucti sau phan

lan, dish ra hang chic thin tieng va dem vC cho ho hang

nga.n kia thi danh om cai han that bai.Leonard dam

trieu bac. Nhtr cuUn How to win friends and influence peo_

qua quyet nhtr vay vi Ong d^ di"eu tra va thay nhurng

pie ca Dale Carnegie trong bon nam da ban dtroa e b6n

t& bao lo a n nhat cr My moi tuan nhan dtro c tren ngan

trieu ban va tic gia d^ dtrgc htr&ng it nhat l^ hai


chic trieu dung. Hai chuc trieu Bong ! Nha van mink

bai cau ding ma chi chiu mua c ba, b6n bai.


Song le, ntrOrc ngtrai, van nhan dit sao van sung
han & nurrrc ta nhieu vi mot khi d^ c6 danh vong tren
van din thi d&i hg rat phong ltru.

ma dtruc so

ti n cab thi cir ngoi khong song ba d&i, tieu

khong cling khong het.


Nhtfrng Ong hoang tren

On

din do, Ong nao cling

Chang han nhtr mt tieu thuye"t gia ngtrai Phap,

co ba, bon cai hi et thtr hai ba chiec xe ho4, cir viet trong

neu dtr4ye giai thtr&ng Goncourt la da thanh trieu phu

nam, sau thing Iii nghi mot thixi gian, di du Lich khap

NGHL VlgT VAN-

mot

cao hcrn, bO. i vay nhieu nha d5 phai gic brit, neu

.khOng sin c6 mot nghe khic cue nuOi nghe viet van (t).
MOt vii nha sown Ttr dien va sach giao khoa, g5p theri
-thu duvc Itha nhieu, nhtrng sly tranh cong ctaa h9 chi
nhat th64 ma sty canh tranh thi kich 141 va cua c6 ngtrfri
phir xoay qua ding viec khac rOi.
ROt cuoc, hien nay chi c6 hang It3'T gia nha nghe IA
-

de sang hcrn het. 'DM khOng ke` nhii ng Ong chit b^o, 136
tiers

NGHE VItT VAN (?" NI_YO'C TA Hlt,N NAY

y
Dtr&i mot btrc IA nhiing ngtri i Bich tin the gi&i,
viet diiu era, tie"u thuyet hoac dam nh5n phi!.
.
.
trtro . ng (van chtro ng, 119c sink, phu MI , the than,,.)

NI-1ring ngtr&i. nay phai vier 1/16i rigAy khoang 136n


trang giay d^nh may, su6t thing S u6t nam, khi manh
cling nhtr khi dau, luc vo de cling tilitr Itic con sal, tham

chi chinh 119 dau tna cling khOng dam nghi (I). MA
ltrce ng h9 dtrqc bao nhieu ? Cao lam thi nam, sAu ngan
ma thap nhat hai ngan I

ra in bao, ma ca nam kitting viet mot cau, ho c6


DO,

the kiem moi thing hang tram ngan &Ong, nhtrng 119
-

khOng phai la nha van. Cac Ong chit btit lam cOng thu&ng

29.

.
tinh canh cAc nhA van 6 nix&c ta hien nay la

nhtr tray.

15nh lucong kha cao, tir sOu ngan den mtr&i ngan dOng,
chang qua cling chi bang ltrang mot cong chirc hang trung
lam nam va dOng con, ma cOng viec cac Ong ay /ang
nhoc v8 citng, gap nam gap mtriri cOng viec ctia mOt Ong
-thaw

Tinh canh ay mat phan l&n do & tranh do qu6c dan


Trong mot ntr&c chi c6 khoOng hai chuc trieu ngtr6.i,
Itic nay chia lam hai khu viyc, ma tam chuc phan tram
mtt

chit, cent lai bao nhieu thi hoc vi ngheo, hoc vi

(1) Gan day, trong mot bai phring van cua bao Von ngh e. . mr5l,
1.6 van SiC'u, tic gia cuan Wan mirth Viet nam da chua xOt that ra
nhiing kri nay :

khOng dttvc klitlyen khich, Inr&ng dan, van coi sach

. Nam than Mtn viec nhtt: vay (de viet, 55-a bin c/Onh may, sii'a
.
an cao cuOn Van mirth Vi et
flan)), tai dtro. c bao nhieu tien ? Gioi Mm
la tam ngan
Vay m6i thing IA 1,600d. V64 so tien ay, tai lam
cach gi de nuOi cai than trau ngwa cua tai cho sang ma phung akr Van
ng4 va nhan dan ?VA tai lam cach gi d e' nued gia dinh cho con cai to

chay ma nha van lam sao ma k 116i ngheo -Haig ?

ding cliro. c hoc tai Trung hoc va Bni hoc ?

V1 vay ma nha van ho Le nay da CO hai phii lam mot hang cong
.(chd thich nam 1968)

mOtxa xi ph1m, chtra thay can doc sach nhtr can an, can
u6ng, trong mot ntr&c nhtr the thi sach lam sao ma ban
.
Tuy nhien, ta cling phai nh5n rang ngay 6 Phap,

Anh,

la nhang ncri van chtrung c6 nOt thi trtrO.ng

(I) Nen nha' them Ia nhat bao rat it khi nghi le.

g2

NGHE V1ET VAN 6r NtY rC TA H1 N NAY

3-1

NGHE VET VAN,

nam chat, va mi khi cao hirng tai de ra mot bai d ba


b6n ngan chit de cho cac b'ao danh tieng tranh nhau
mua v&i cal gia khbng dtr&i bon chuc ngan dong bac,

y
ngtr&i CO mot sirc hoc pho th6ng se dong gap nar , gap
mtro'i ngay nay, khi"en cho so sach bin dtrg'c cling tang:

then.

t{rc nhtr mtriri d`ong moi chit. Mu&i dong moi chli 1 Thy

Lai theca canh dang van.hoa cua ta con bit bao khu
c

de khai-thac, mot khi dung-bao da chju titn hoc tltl

nhirng ma tui cho minh. Van chtrang ha gi&i re nhtr

vu

beo, hai chic ha gi&i n ci.ta cu Tan Da day co 1e hui.


rug )) d;iy.

chi so khOng du ngtr&i vie"t, chtr khOng sq the".0 dau


de cue vi"et, va nhtz vay eac van_nhan khOng so' canh-tranh
nhau rao ri"et.
Ai vao cac thtr-vien cong-cong tat da thay,ve bat kjr
nganh nao ta cling On hoan-toan thieu sach bang tieng

Da" hay my danh si tay phtro'ng vita ke d'e"u la nhirng


bac da tai va quang kie"n, ngtr&i ta tra van cua ho nhtr
vy that Ia x&ng gia, rilurng Viet Nam ta cling co nhieu
truyen ngan clta Nguyen Tuan, Thanh Tinh, NamCao
Bt.ti Hien.... nghe pham khong kern nhu ng truyen ca

Vigt. Toi tin rang chang bao tau nira, quo"c_dan se doi
hoi nhirng sach dova cac nha cam but neon su.y--nghi ve
dieu ay ma dtr-bi tir bay gi& di.
Do la not v"e sach, con ve bao ta cling con thieu
chuyen vien trong nhieu loaf van: phong-sur dieu-tra ca

ho ma chi ban dtroc..., dtro'c bao nhieu ? Theo gia


bay gia thi inuv &i trang danh may khoang ha

ta m&i phoi-thai,loai du ky ngan cua ta chtra sac-sao,hap

ngan chic, trung binh chi dtro c narn tram dung,


that kern xa van Au, Mk- N guyen-nhan 1a tai d c-gia

loci day cach lam nhCrng vi c lat-vat (2) nhtr tri ng bong,

cua mirth it, nen cac nha xua"t-ban va nha bao khong dam
tra gia can hon.
Co dii a rtang rnirng la so" dc gin c,10 co the tang
ten matt , Neu nu-&c nha dtroy c thong-nh&t va hoa-binh
ma chinh ph{i lai dc-biet Itru tam den vdn-ho'a thi chi
trong it nam, ta ngtr&i mit chit khOng con ma hang

dan, den nhtr loci bai ke kinh_nghigm tirng ngtr&i (I) va


sera may, d6ng tu, lam den... thi con thi^u han.
Va ngay trong khu-vtrc tieu-thuyet ma cht:tng ta da
to"n-bo nhat, chung ta van con phii gang sirc tali M&i
theo kip dtrac ngtrb'i Le nao ma di cia s6 do c-gia ctr
(1) Ngsthi Anh goi la The personal experience story,
(2) How to do article.

14

NGFIL V1gT VAN

me-muni hoal nhtr tigay nay va chi doc town nhirng tauthuyet ath anh em em tang nheng truyn kiemhie.p mat ding ?
Rni can kith, thy-but, phe-b I nh... hit bao khu vtyc
gan nhtr hoang-vu vAn si'n-sang cho ban tha fin khai-khin.

Orn lai,thi-trtrang van-chtrang to litc nay, tuy clang


ngtr&i ban y ang rigtrai tnua thatntr&c nao ma ching
vay?nhttng neu ban kheo ltra mOn hang bn-ich cho-qunc

CHU'CYNG 111

clan rni than-trong, kien-nhan sin xuat thi n-o)t ngay kia,
khi trinh-d dpc sich ctla quart chting da lien, tic-phim
cita ban se hcop v&i rthu-cau cika qunc-dan, hic, do, ca.'s,
11 0)i btit sit cita ban cdrt chi ma chang time nhon trong
each kim an dni ? (1)

NHUNG &IEU KIEN


&E THANH-CONG
Neu bun thay va ding hang hai
trang khi lam viec thi gan nhu- khOng ca
viec gi ma bun khong thanh tong,
CH. SCHWAB,
DOI v&i nghe viet van, sire khoe van CO ich nhtrng
a
khong can thiet. Biet -CO chirc do i song thi dit dau vat

su6t mot nha van cling co the thanh cOng Voltaire,


(khi ve gia) va Proust quanh nam khOng ra khoi ph^ng

b''nh ma ciing viet dtro . c, rieng Voltaire lai viet rat


.

(I ) Do hai eau tho Tan-Da :


"134 gi& anh (tire tigbi
ni king ra sat,
each kigrn An dpi cb nhon khong

nhieu triT a. Vi lai, nhtr tOi d5 mil, Nnh tat la tinh cinh
ithong thtrarng cua nha van trong van hoc si:r co kim,

36

NGHE

V1ET VAN'

mgy ngtr&i dtrcrc than hinh vam va nhtr Balzac nhtr


Tolstoi ?
Lai cung khong nhat ctjnh phii

co thien tai moi not

danh, Thien tai la v4t rat hie"m & d&i, ca mot thee' kit,
moi ntr&c may lam dirge vai ba ngtr&i nhtr Nguyen Du,
Nguyen thi Diem, Ly Bach, D6 Phu, Hugo, Lamartine

N I I rNG DIEU KI.N BE THANH CONG

37

Neu dtroc nhtr vay thi co the coi nhtr ban da thanh
cong mot n&a vi toi tin rang ban sehtu' kien nhan de sira
tngt cau van nam, siu lan, kiem t. i lieu trong vai ba
nam trix&c khi loan mot cuo"n sach hai tram trang va chju
canh ban han ma deo dai cho t&i chot.
Dieu kin thir nhi la ban phai ltra mot loaf van hap
,

men nhtr bon pham nhin chu.ng minh thi khong the by
vong tr&i ban cho cua hie"m a"y, vay ta chi cau co chut tai.

vo i khi nang cua ban.

hoa nho nho de dit btrac vCrng tren van dan, va tir ta,

kiem dtrac vigc hop vo'i minh ! Phai lam, co mot viec

ta phai co tam long y@u nghe, yeu me say, tha thiet.

hap v&i minh thi lam chi ma chang thay avui nhtr mot

Yeu nghe ? Dung, toi cho rang d6i v&i bon khong
san tu tr&i la chung minh thi yeu nghe la mot dieu.
kien quan -trong nhat.
Ban bao
-- Dieu do khoi dan ma, yeu nghe van ttr thi toi
da thira yeu I
-- Vang, nhtrng tc,i mu6n bie"t ban yeu no ra sao ?
Ban co the, sau khi lam viec su6t ngay & su, trong khi
vo, con mong do y i a nha, lai cir cam co dap xe den nha
in de vie"t bai, roi mai khuya m&i tr& ve, rut re go c&a
soy fain mat giac ngu cua nhirng ngtrai than ? Hay ban co
the yeu van ma song nhu Phung Bao Thach, Nguyen

Thomas Carlyle nbi : (Sung si.r&ng thay ngtrai nao

tro choi tuyet thu va chang thay thanh cong chic chan ?
Noi cho ngay, ai ma khong ham cii dank thi si ? Con
,
gi khoai cho bang m6i bai tho cua minh dtrac hang ngan

mieng ngam nga, co bai lai du gc nhirrng ban tay ngoc dem
then tren liza nira ? Nhtrng, mot anh ban toi chink vi ham
cai danhay qua ma mac d"au thay thay va ban khuyen
dirng lam thee, van c6 tong nn oc rim van tren io nam
h
nay de r6t cugc chi chu6c tie"ng ctro'i cu a b5c thirc gia.
Chang rieng toi, nhieu ngtr&i du nhan anh ban ay co
khie"u ve tuy but va nghi luan : o, phai chi anh d''e tang
phu luyen tho ma luyen hai the vira not thi co phii
di not ti"eng roi khong ?
,
Bit bao ban tre btr6 c vao lang van v&i quyet dinh

Trigu Luat, Vu Trong Phung, Ngo Tat T6, nghia la


sang trong taa soap, trii chiee'u xu 6 ng san gic ma r:gu, an

thanh mot tieu thuyet gia ma khong ttr xet co kha nang

thi toan muoi me, rau jai va dira trong hang trang ?

,cua Dale Carnegie :

ve loai do khong. Cic ban a"y hay doc doan by thu nay

38

INGHE VIET VAN:

ba MU' (Yi tubl t8i guy& chuyen viet tieu


thuyet. TOi sdp thanh mat Frank Norris hoc Jack
London hock T. Hardy thin nhi. TOi hang hdi tOi
not qua o Chdu Au hai nam. Tai cf6 toi sang clj clang
vO4 vai My kim rnoi than, vi sau dai chitin thir nhdt,
0- ddy co sir lam phcit gidy bac. Trong hai nam iiy tOi
viet mot kiet tcic nhan de la Blizzard (Dong tuyk).
Nhan-de' ely ho-p quci vi betrzthcio dtro'c ccic rthaxuelt-bcin don
tiep mot ccich lqnh tang khOng khdc nha-ng cc n dong tuyk
thlii trait ccinh dong Dakota. Khi nhet xudt-bcin nOi theing
veto milt tot rang cutin ay la dO
rang MI khOng tai, khong
co khieu ve tieu
tim tOi muan ngirng ddp. TOi quay

N HONG DIEU KIEN BE THANH CONG

39

y y
si De Sevigne chi viet nhang
minh thi se e ang, nhtr
hire thtr cho con gai cfing ltru danh thien co, cir gi

phai lam the vai soan tieu thuy'Et ?


CO hang chile con dtr&ng clan len ngon ntii vinh
hien ; l ira con dtrerng nao hop vai minh ma theo, d-6.

tai moon, chang hOn la theo vet chan ngtreri de bi tut


xu6ng ca tram lan rei rot cuOc, tai gia van cOn let bet

dt &i chan nui tx ? SO ngirO co thien tir tie van thi rat
nhieu ma thanh ding rat it chinh vi phan dOng khOng
du kien nhan va khOng biet chon dtr&ng hol3 YO'i kha

nang cua ho vay.

got ra nhtr ke meit hOn. Co ai ddp mqnh vao &iv tOi cang
kitting lam cho toi chocing vcing
TN de me,Tyng
Nhtrng, thtra ban, co 'dieu quart trong nhat
Nhtrng roi Dale Carnegie biEt quyet dinh 136 ngay loai
tieu-thuyet de viet tieu-sireac danh nhan efing loai sach
the cho . ngtrOi l&n, VA Ong da thAnh-cOng nye-r6, &nye
khap the-gieri biet ten, ki m dirge ea trieu

tai quen chixa hai ban :


Toi biet ban viet khong phai vi den. Tien van la cant.

Ong
da chang bun rau vi kh6ng &rye la mot T. Hardy thir

c6 tien mai song, mai viet dtrcre, nhu"ng neu chi vi tien

nhi ma cOn mu6n they nhay /Tula moi khi nh& lei quyet
dinh sang su6t do.

13Ai the ma dem ban till khOng mot t& bac) nao mua,

Walter Raleigh nob : Thi khOng co tai de viet mot:


cu6n sach kha di so sanh dtro'c vai tac pham cila Shakespeare, nhtrng t6i co the viet mot cu6n theo tai /fang.
rieng cit'a tOi cluvc. He biet theo tai nang rieng

thi that la khong, Thirc tron ba 135n dem de si'ra mot


nghien ant nam sau nam de soan mot cu6n sach, in ra
2000 cu6n, ban ra dtrere bay, tam tram...KhOng, khOng,
mu6n kiem tien tlti thiett gi nghe mau phut hen, chang
nghe kim hoan, nghe bao
hen lam nghe thou
alac si chich, van van...g4 van chi vai nam IA da c6 bac

40

NGHE VIET VAN

trieu; can go lirng ra vie"t thi dt co tang tan ltro'ng tim,


mai dam cay but, sung chi kie"m dtrgc murai, mtr&i lam

NHLPNG 91EU KILN 13E THANH CONG

41

Quoc thu vi bao ddu tien birch,


Ky dri long tuyen ddi nguyet ma

ngan dong trong mqt thtri gian ngan de roi khi ht th&i,

roi chet cung khSng h4n, n Mot anh khac dcc tieu sir

lai bi chinh nhfrng doc gia d^ say me doc ta, se buong


1&i mat sat ta-

Trurorng Tien, mot thi si d&i Tong (x) roi mo' mong ca

M ,t anh ban thi si rua toi not : (( Neu phai lam tho,
vi ti n thi kh'o lam, tha lam tho' moc, tha ne can str&ng
hcrn , n thing v4y, min ctrong viet la mpt ctrc hinh, da
chang bo cong ma con lam tam hon ta ti tin di nlra
Boileau trong cuon Nghe thuat lam tho' (L'art poetique) to ve khinh bon cam but tham tier
Toi biPt rang mat tdm h6n

coo

ca c^ the kie"m dwtrc

mot so lo'i chinh d ing trong cong viec cua ininh, nhu' voy
Chang nhuc nhd ma cung Chung tpi loi gi cd ;
nhzrng toi khOng the chin du'ry c hang tac gid co ten tuOi
nth Chan danh, ham bac, dem than Apollon (a) cam cho

r
buoi ; va khOng bit t&i nay anh da tim dtro c clu nao

de hau the" nhac t&i minh chtra ?


Ham danh von 1a tat chung cua nha van song ham
t&i mtrc do thi cung qua Trong luc song, it ai nghi den
c'ai danh cua minh ma mot khi da xuong ho thi nhurng
cuc dat r&t dqp dcjp tren quan tai cung khOng hay, cen
biet gi dau ma thich hru danh muon thu& ?
Viet con co th ee' vi mac dich khac nira la cau vui.
is de du oc cai thu vie"t, hoc thoa cai nhu cau vie"t.
Trong mqt bare thir g&i cho ba Maurice Schlesinger,
Gustave Flaubert co cau :

.ti m sach va lain cho mot nghe thugs thanh mot nghe buon.
Roi Boileau khuyen ta nen viet vi danh.
Rat nhieu van nhan nghi nhtr Ong va co ke chi
mong su6t d&i vieet mot cau bat hii mqt cau thoi chic
khong can mqt bai. Mt anh ban toi lam tho, Ca
hai chuc nam, n6i : a Du o r c nhtr Ding Dung, tic gia
cau nay :

Cling nhtr hoi trir&c, toi se vieet, chi dO du' Irc htrang
cdi thu viet, toi chi viet cho nmIt minh toi, ?Chong lie nghi gi
ve ti en bac hoac danh vong on ao cant
p

r
(1) Ho Truang dvro-c ngu ai du ong th ri tang cho chirc : Lang
trung do 1y gia xuan phong " vi ong lam chfrc lang trung va no'i

danh nh& cau :

Dao ly gia xudn phong.


(I) Than nghe thuut

(Dao man ga gi6 xuan)

42

NGHE VIET VAN

Hau h6t c$c van nhan, thi si cua ta hi xu a du co


quan niem a'y : vie"t cue tieu khien, de ttr an ui minh, d`e

truyen cho tir ttrang cua minh, mong no dtrgc thtrc:


hien, tom 1ai 1a de hoar dong.

thoat ly d&i sang hien tai- Viet nhtr vay thi tic pham
thtr&ng co gia tri ve nghg thuat, nhtrng van chtrorng
chi la mot tro cho-i tao nha

nhtr

cam, ky, hoa ma thoi._

43

NIIU'NG DIEU KILN BE THANH CONG

Han-Du, Lieu-Ton-Nguyen tuyen truy"en cho dao


Nlto ; Dao-Tiem, Ly-Bach tuyen truyen cho dao Nhan
t)L,-Phil, Bach-Cur-Di tuyen truyzn cho

tir

twang xa

Andre Gide khong cho vie"t van la mot thu tieu


khien ma la mot nhu cau. Ong tuyen bo" : r Ai ma ca"m toi

11()i : chu trtrorng moi nha tuy khac, song c eu la hoat.

vie"t thi toi se tir ta'r b) (z) Van hao cua ntr&c Phap do, tir

IA Thin hay 1a M. Thai nay ai khong nhan rang

ttrcrng loon lutn thanh that v3 co the rang toi khong

1 i .n van mink nhan loai con nhieu khuyet diem, cach


to chirc xa hi can phai cai thin, nen nha van co tam

hieu not tam ly cua ong, nhtrng thu thtrc, toi khong
thay thich cau not a'y, bang 1&i sau nay cua La Tan
Xu a nay toi chd co chuyen gi la bait buoc phai
not ra mtri c r(rc ; ma ding chira he co van chuong
gi Mao tang khong vieet ra thi khong chiu n$i !

Ma Lo Ta"n la mOt cay but c li ng rat thanh that,


co ngh4 thu3t sac ben, da not danh khap the gi&i v ^ .
dtrcrc col la Maxime Gorki cua Trung Qu6c.
Sau clang, nhieu ngtr&i cho viet van la de boat
dung. Theo thi quan niem ay dung hon ca. Vie"t tirc
13 td not v&i xa" hi cal minh co trong long (A. de Vigny).
tCrc la bay to, benh vtrc hoai bao cua minh, tuyen.

(1) f4 Gide nbi c3u 46 veri P. Vatetyva P. Valry dap :


si

ttr to nla ngua-i

huyet nao ma khong muo"n xay dtrng mot ttrceng lai dep
tir' lin e n cho nhu'ng the" he sau ?

tfi

ding cho mqt ty ttrang, cho cai ma moi nha tin la Chan,

ta

b t tai vi'-t ,

Cbn t9i

Chtra thtrc hank dtroc thi vi"et, mat khi da co du


I)htrceng tin va nang ltrc thtrc hanh thi tat nhien nha

On

gac but ma lam chanh tri, Nhirng ke the Pham

Quynh,Nhat Linh,Ha hCru-Thong da di lain chinh khach


I1 khong hieu tarn 1y

On

nhan vA cung khong co quan

iiiim xac ding ve van nghe. Neu muon, ta chi co the


clil trich duro'ng 15i chinh tri cua ba nha do con cai vi^c
htr&c qua chinh tri cua ho thi 1a m6t viec rat ttr nhien.
A. France con khuyen van nhan phai lam chinh
trj nfra. Ong noi:
Ky-giv nao thk'u cal do --- i&c long ham lam
chinh-!ri th2 van nhtr thiiu gain. Mot (rang vtet

44

NGHE VIET VAN

hay chi la sir hogl4eng 61 nen isni (1) (..) Bay gtir
n itwit la a 1h61 khen mei nha van kht diet la binhstnh chi 00 van Ad khong lam chinh-tri. Co kkic
chi khen met anh ctrl lay la chi co met lay khong ?
Paul Valery chac ding nghi nhtr v5y. Nam x919, t&
nguyet,san Van chiromg phOng van Ong:
CHUUNG IV

Tai sao Ong viet van ?


Ong dip :
VI nhu-nlitrgc

VAN-NHAN TRONG X^-F1(>1

Ong mu5n nOi Vi khOng thtrc hien dtrgc hoai bac),


nen mfri phai cam but' Trong bai tkra cu6ri Nglid lam

ngtral ( M^tier dihorntne ) ctia Raoul Dautry, Ong nOi vai


tie gia :q T6i Olen Ong day ghen vi Dautry da co
mot dai hoe dung tichcirc con Ong thi

Nhang ngueri binh thtr^ng khOng sang


tcic dugc nhiing nghe phi:1m, Ho an ng6,
sting mot deri binh thtr^ng re'l chat,

IRVING STONE

DO la

mitt 104 nOi nhiin &lung cling la m*t ttr thti. CO


nhan bac) co ba cai ba't hti 15p dire, 15p ding va 15p nen.
Ere 15p ngOri dirng vac) hang cuOi till thine la chi 1 ,.
CO nh5n nhtr v5y , con ban thi sao ? Khi btrO.c
vac, nghe van, ban co mot muc Bich cao dep de nham,
nhfing tir ttr6ng de betkli vtrc, mat chniong trinh de thtrc
hanh khong ? Thicu nhirng cai do thi van cila ban se
thieu hOn vi dirnv mong gi thanh cOng liu b^'n ca.

Pour toute nourriture, II boort son coeur,


A. DE MUSSET

Nghe via van di ky cue ma xa h6i van nhan con ky ctIc


holy Ai vas) d6 cf. mg dtrefe, nen trong d6 co du cac hang
ngtrey i. Tran Tr6ng Kim, Hoang xuan Han, Khai Htrng

Nhat Linh la van nhan thi mot hoc sinh de, luc th6 i hue
viet it bai hOi ky,

ang tren phu trtrong m6t ter bao

ding la mot van nhan. Ma chang can vi'et lach gi ca,


cling van co the la van nhan dirge . Ban cir ulna trait
(I) Ong mu6n nt;i : khorg boat th;ng (Imre mgt each tich ore ma
phai rift bac to boat ei6ng mgt each tieu etre.

tam bia kep trong do ban sap may bai tho' cat tren bac),

" 46

NGHE VIET VAN

VAN NHAN TRONG XA HO I

47

Trong cu6n nay, toi dfng tigng a van-nhan dt chi

in t so Van right tn&i ra va vai to' giay v&i nhfrng hang


chit' lirn Khao ve tho, da da )) hoac Thanh nien Gia

ht thy nhirng ngtr&i cam but tir ky gia' d6n tieu

Na tai dtr&i nghech ngoac it cau lang nhang trich

thuyet gia; this!, khao ciru gia... Nghia d6 ho'i rung.

W y ba c'r dau do, a"y the la ban c6 the baa nha in sap
cho ban hai chic u Ni$A VAN >, kieu Europe gras corps
J8 & dtr&i ten ban, tren tam danh thie"p roi. Ai cam ?
Nu ban lai con thi thi that 1a Trai giup ban da"y:
cap kinh trang ggng doi moi ra"t an v&i ve mat van nhan
KhAng c5n thi

i dung co cach, cir mua mot cap kinh


trang binh thtr&ng ma deo. Trir ngiral than ra ai ma
bitt du'gc mat ban cb tit hay khong chir. 1:7eo cap kinh
do va cap bia kep kia ma tram ngam hoac mo' mong
btr&c vao thrr vin th'anh ph6 thi Bich thi 1d . a Trong
chfrng thy mOt van nhan... lam roi con gi nira ?
Nhirng ttr nhin la van nhan, du'o'c ngtr&i ta ttr&ng
tnlnh la van-nhan la vigc rat de, ma dtrac cac van-nhan
chinh tong nh4n cho vao xa hi ci a ho thi ke ding ho'i
chit vet. H, gan-gan nhtr khong muo"n c6 them ban

Chinh ra ngu 6ei ta phan bit hai hang cam but


tiiot la van-.nhan, hai la ky gia tirc nhu ng ngtr&i chi
lirry@n viet nhu'ng bai co tinh cach thf i str dangtren bao.
Trong gi&i van-nhan lai chia ra ba, b6n cap. Thi si
^tfrng du roi t&i tieu thuye"t gia, kith gia vi tho' la loai
i6 tinhcach vannghe ho'n het--ngtraita nuiv4y--cho nCn
nha van tre tuoi nao ding chi mu6n lam tho' hoc vi"et
titu thuyet' Bit bao thank nien nn oc hang nam de
I.lrn tho roi ky cop danh dam cho dtrcc mtro i, mtr&i lam
ngan dong de xuat ban.Ban dtroc hay khong, khOng can;
rnien dtiro'c mang danh thi si va c6 dam chuc cu6n tang
ban xa gan. Khng lam dtrac tho' thi ding ran cIe ra
to t tap truyen ngan. I'rach chi tho' v^ tieu thuye"t chang
utram nor 'p bay t&i cac toa bao va cac nha xuat ban'

dotig nghi8p m&i va coy raa khu vtrc cua ho cho khoi
bj ban seam chie'm.

Sau tieu thuyet gia, t&i cac nha vier du ky hoc tu.y
but ; con nhfrng nguo'i chuyen phe binh, khao ctru thi

Song mot khi ban dtroc ho cho nh4n vao Pang

(Urng riCng mot phe, ho it c6 tinh cach ngh6 si ho'n ca.

thi ct'r theo nguyen tac, ban binh dang v&i ho. 6 clay,
ngtrO'i ta chang ke bang cap, chirc ttro c, tuoi tic gi da"u
chi can tai, Nhtrng tai thi c6 nhien la co cao thaap kbac
nrhau, nen o' trong long r6t cuoc sung co ton ti trot tir
y nhtr tai trieu dinh... tren sari khaau v y.

Trong mOi phe do lai c6 nhieu ke' ho'mn hinh ttr


p

1 liong minh 1a dai ca va nhin ke khac nhtr em irt.


Co nhOrng dai ca bat ern At ngoi dgi hang mtrc'i,
rntro'i lam phut, chang them ngo ngang gi t&i, cir ti t'

48

NGHE VIE. T VAN'

nhien not chuy4n mtra nang vai mgt ngithi th in ba ;


chin r6i, dai ca mfri quay lai, nhan tir khuyen em tit dai loci nhtr vay : tiNghe viet van hic nay khOng nuOi nOi
ai dau. BO di lam nghe khan khoe hon.
T6i nhan thy rang hang dai ca hqm hinh do it
khi ngtriti co thtrc tai, thtrc hoc Ira nhiing nha van
chin chinh, co tam huyet thi luOn luein gian di, thtrc tha
va nha nh5n, dOi vai ai cling mitt niem thin mat va
vui ve.
Nghe cam viet co nhieu cal lily, nhtrng it nhat cling
an ui ta dtrqc d6i nh& no ma at khi ta tint dtro'c
nhung ban ding thanh dOng khi o bOn phtrang tr&i.
Gap dtroc nhiing ban thi dire ban cao len, tat ban tien
len, tri thtrc ban mer mang ra. Nhung chi nhang tam hOn
del) meri dtrqc lanh phan thtrOng ay.
ist

Nal den Lang van, ta khOng th  quen inOt hang tu


xtrng la van titian ma chttyen bin ngtr&i khac de lam tien
H tt la bon du thti du thtrc, cet heti d5 viet tang nhangr
it bai ding tren bac) va ket ban vai nhiett k)' gia. Ho
kietrp
ngtreti co tin ma ham cal danh ch6 bao,
right lap mot man bao dtra ra mot cu r ing
danh
may dang hoang, nghia ciru ti mi tf.r drum trtrong
t & bat), Uri each tranh bay, ten Cie Mite, ten eic coy
se cOng tar,

*
VAN NHAN TRONG X A HO!

49

H9 thtryet rat kheo, vach r13 nittYng 19'i vat chat fan
'mull than cUa tong viec pitting sty van-hOa dO ; ai tighe
ma khOng ham, va xi gi vai chttc ngan ding ma khong b6
ra cte duct thay ten mirth dang ngay chthi ten ta' bao ?
Nhan dirty c so" vein,h9 chay di gom gOp ngay mot bO bien
y
tap, yeti cart nhfing nha van hc i ce ten tubi gitip h9, nhu

vay &^ 149 co the Bang ten nhting nha (let teen tO quang.
cao. Nhirng nha ay neu mac mtru h9, chiu bai clang:
thi tang tot, h9 se tan khan, khOng tra tier nhuAn btit
ma neu thing viet OUT h9 thi cling khOng sao, ho se"
kiem nhang bai by ba dang cho trang, rei h9 se
ke khai nhang phi ton cho ngtreri b6 vOn tra, la gi tieu
.
mot thi h9 khai ba, ai ma ki'em soot dtro c ? BA tat nhien
nhtrng h9 can gi dau, vi ho 4a an beet &nye tnOt
s6 tien Ign Se chi tieu rei : chi dang bean cho Ong chit
hAo va nhfing nha van bi 119 lira gat ma ke thi mat

den

nguiri thi mang tieng da Ong tic vai tnOt bon hip.
Vi xa h9i van nhan co dit hang ngtreri nhu'vay, nett
kh6 ce sir doan ket rang rai CY ntrac ta, chtra 'CO
mot Hoi cic nha van, chi meri thay nhiing nhOm nha
nhO ba bO'n ngtreei hay nAm sAu7E ngtr&i. Nhting nhOtn a'y,
trtrac chign tranh, khi ding, di tinh nao ta ciing gap (x)
nhtrng trir tic rat it ma cling khong dirqc

thireng

vai ba nam la tan ra. Chi ratting ban clang chi htrOng,
Phap co non lAn chic vin Joan.
(1) Theo Andre Billy, nArri 1947,
Vay & Phap ciing khong khac b ta may chtit.

NGHE V1^T VAN

cteu co dire, tai vA hoc ngang nhau m&i gie tinh than
v&i nhau lau dtrac.

VAN NHAN TRONG XA H C^l

51

vl Tao Thao, mot tay gian hung btrc nhat c kim


chang tai mat khi doc t& hich cua Tran Lam da"y

ix ?

Anh htr&ng cua van chtrang ltrn nhtr v4y nn nha


G buhamel ke truyen trong cuc d a l chin th(r nha"t,
ong gap mot y si long kho khan va sat d^ d n not khong
may may cam dong trtr&c nh&rng dau kh cua con benh,

cam quyen th&i nao, niche nao ciing nghi ki cac nha
van, tim each lung lac ho, khong durgc thi dan Ap, dan
^p ma ho cung khong sg thi tan sat.

mat luc nao cung lanh lung, co khi diem vai net mia mai
nu'a. V y ma mot hom, lai cho'i nha y si do, Ong ngac

a
'Prong th&i quan chiu., bit bao nha van nho cay but

nhien thay mat Ong ta day -nuo'c nit vi dtro ng doc snot
cuo"n sack to n.hirng tha m hoa cua chin tranh, nhirng

nhay len dtrgc nhi ng ghe" cao nhat & trieu Binh: Ttr

thaw hoa ma Ong ta chirng kien moi ngay, moi phut,

Bach Ctr Di, Nguyen Chan, Kr Quan du lam to ttr&ng;

mcjt cach than nhien. Sirc cam do cua van chtroyng


nhtr vay co ky khong chr ?

Marot, Chateaubriand du dur 'c htr&ng nhirng an hug

Co mqt ly tur&ng dep, mot long de cam va mot


nghe thu4t cao de benh vtrc nhGng cai thieng lieng

nhtr

long ^i quo"c, tinh ttrorng than tiro ng ^i... thi qua thatnha

Ma Ttrong Nhtr thay mat vua Han di vo ve xir Thuc,

dc bit cua vua chua ; nhtrng clang co biet bao van


nhan bi nhng tai hoa thAm kh6c chi vi co benh vtrc
mOt 1y tu r &ng hoac say l& dong cham t&i nha cans
quyen : ngtr&i thi bi day t&i nhCrng ncei ma thieng ntro'c

van d3, nam dtro-c rQt khi gi&i manh me vo clang va ban

doc nhtr Han Du., Vtro'ng Thu Nhan ; ke thi bi chem

tay manh khanh cua nha van ding so ho'n mot di quan
thien chie"n

dirt di u, hay ngang ltrng nhtr : Tran Qui Cap gan day

Lamartine nbi giong Bourbon . m6t giong vua a

trong cai An van ttr & dau dai Thanh (t) ben Trung

Phap co dtroc Chateaubriand clang nhtr co mat do

Quac ; mac dau vay, ca.c not van nhan by sinh cho chinh

quan. Lori ay khong qua long. Sir Trung Hoa chang

nghia van khong th&i nao tuyet.

& ntr&c ta, Trang Dinh Lung va bay chuc ngtrai nira

chep rang Vu Hu d&i Dtr&ng sa toat ho hoi khi doc


bai a Hich thAo Vu TAc Thieen n (2) cita Lac Tan Vixang ;

(2) Tirc Vu Hau ; ba cu6p ngoi nha Dtrang

(l) Trang Dinh Lung sown bo Minh Sr trong do not d"en nhirng
d}eu k} hOy cua tien the nha Tbanh ; tir ngiriei viet t&i ngur&i hieu

chink, ngrr&j in sash, cac ngr&i tang tru , Met tha t' bay chuc
ch"et,
gia
san
bi
ttch
thu,
vo
con
phai clay.
ngLr i bj t i

52

NGHE VIET VAN

Lung lac hay dan ap nha van deu la nhirng thai


vO ly. Trong mot qu6c gia dOc lap, mot xl-hOi van minh
thi nhA cam quyen v&i nha van phai hap tac nhau
de thiyc hien hanh phtic cho ding bao va nhan loai.
Bach C u Di, mot thi hao vao biyc nhat dai Dix&ng

Tiec thay, lich sir van hoc clang, tay, it khi to duac
thay nhiing th&i nao ma nha cam gityen va van
iil1an tin c5y nhau, va chung sirc v&i nhau de thtyc hi4n

licuth phtic cho quan chting.


MOt van si Phap da not : Nghe thttat do sly b6
IntOc ma sinh va chit vi tin do . DO la dirng

not :
Tai can nha vua

53

VAN NHAN TRONG XA HOI

e phtrang

Bien Ity thu5t ; dirng ve phtrang dien ttr ttr&ng thi


fir

no /Wing du sang, phdi hop

het cOc fai trong thien ha ma nghe rbi n5-i sang du-frc ;
Trutt caa nha vua tin no khOug dtt to, phdi hay, h'et cdc
mat trong thien ham& nhin:riii meri to duvc, leng cda nha

ngtrac lai Bi b^ buOc, ttr tir&ng se chet nghet, dtrac ttr


do, ttr ttay ng m&i tan phat.

tin no khOng dd thOng suOt, phai hap cO lbrzg czia


thien ha ma nghi rOi mcri thOng snot &vac va niqm
vu con nha van la e td not dau kh'o' cact dda d'e xet
e

va gizip chinh tri: dmro ng theri cang ti'et ciao nhcirt tinh
Trong doan dO, viet cach day aZ the kY, neu ta
Wing o nha cam quyen vac) tieng nha vua thi
ttrOlig van con hap th&i. Mu6n lam Iron nhiem vu
thA van phai co mot nh5n cach cao, luyen dire cOng
tam va lOng phung

nhat la phai dtrac ttr do tat

nhien la mot cach twang d6i, chin lam gi co sir t tr do


hoan toan dtrac ? deco the thang than bay to nhilng
nguyen y ang cita quan chting va vach nhirng lei lam cila
nha cam quyen. Neu bi lung lac thi van nh5n chi c6
the ninh nha cam quyen, lam sao giir chirc ngty sir dime
/lira ; ma neu bi dan ap thi hai ben cla coi nhau War ke
dich, lam sao con cong tac

nhau dixac nira ?

Xtra nay, khap the gi&i, ngoai Tolstoi ra, cel


kliOng co van si nao dtrac ngtr&i dtrang tiled ngtreeng
nu) nhix Voltaire. Ngix&i ta goi Ong IA Ong Hoang ;
turn nira, ngtrefi ta tang Ong my hi eu, patriarche (I)
Trung Qu6c ;
cling tira ttya nhu . my hieu phu

cAc vua chtia chau


hoac danh tin cha gia & ntr&c
Au lay lam han hanh dtrac thin tin v&i Ong ; hOi Ong
fn ctr & Ferney, ngtrO4 tin phucing lai chiern ngtr&ng
dung nhan Ong nhtr mot vi thanh song ; va luc ve gia
Ong dtrac vua Phap mei len Ba le city le dat vong hoa
len ttrang cita Ong trong rap hat Opera : ca thanh Ba

le

(I) Patriarche nguyen ta chine toe trtreyng trong Ctru ir6c kink, sau
th cy c dung cie chi nhiing vi ky lao anti hu'&ng lern t&i quOc gia, dtrac
quOc dan trong vong.

NGH E VIET VAN

ntr&m ntrc p tai d6 hoan nghenh 8ng va nhirng ba quy


phai sang trgng, tre dgp nhay mua chung quanh ttrgng

VAN NHAN TRONG XA Hof

55

trong khi moi ngtro i lam viec hang viec sa thi 1an ra ngl't.
lioac tho than, lang thang, y nhtr mqt ten du thu du

bian than cua ong d t gifra san khau.

thtrc, Roi con bie"t bao nhieu tat : ca phe phai dac, tra

Viee't van nhtr Ong la thanh Gong de"n ct c di, vay


ma co Ian Ong da" phan nan;

tho'm phi pha . , Cho nen so"ng giiea xa hi ma nha

phai darn, ttii rong ma van rung dii nhapi rtro-u, thu6c

.., (Hai ban van), ne"u ban thanh cong, tlrc thi kJ

thu xua"t hien : ban cif tren bo mot vlxc thdm, giu a
sir khjnh bi va s;r thu han

gan nhtr cach hit vo'i x^ hti va clii c6 the than


diroc v&i nhirngban cung nghe hoic v&i rngt s6 ngirhi
On

yeu van'
Vay thanh cong hay tha"t bai, di da so van nhan
deu phai ch}u canh co d6c. Tai nghe tang cao, cang

Tam ly s6 d6ng la khong mu6n thy ngtrai khac


ho, n minh va ngtr&i nao vtro t len han nhirng ngtr&i

dtrcrc it nguO'i hieu ; tam hon tang 1, tang bi nhieu

khac tat thanh c'ai dich chung cho thien ha nham. Vi

ngtr&i che. T6ng Ng 9 c moi khi (:ca ' dtro'c bao nhieu
ngtr&i h9a ? Ly Bach da may laau dc tca-) trong nui

gigng mia mai cay d6c cua Ong cung c6, vi k6 ghen ghet

de ngurn may ? A de Vigny ttr giam mink trong thap

ma giem pha Bung co, Voltaire hai lan bi vao to va biet


may Ian phai ch6n chui ch6n nhui, khi o , Cirey, khi &-

nga va Hegesippe Moreau than tho' d"a Om cay db'n nga


huyen ma do trong xir ngtri'i dui l) --tai sao Ong khong

Ferney. Corneille, Hugo deu bi nhieu van si ba"t t'ai mat


sat, che" gieu ; Do Phu lam mot chirc quan nho cung

not trong xir ngLro & i diet Y; nhi?. Ca nhung nha van hoa

tam hon vao tam hon quan chu.ng, du gc quan chung

khang yen, t&i Ly Bach cfing c6 Ian bi bat giam va bi

biet o'n va ngtr&ng in cung kh6ng tranh dtr(yc canh co

day a Da Lang. CAng cao danh vong tang day gian

dqc, vi hq da lain nghe si thi tinh tinh tat c6 cho khac

nan I

ngtr&i, tOri ngtr&i than cua hq clang kh6 hieu dug'c ho,

not chi t&i ngu b i ngoai. Tr nghin xu'a, Aristote d"a

Nha van, ne"u tai tam thuang thi bi khinh bi va


kh8ng ma"y ngtr&i tra. Ngtrai ta khinh bi vi nha van da

khong

khOng chirc ttr6'c gi ma lai ngheo tting, c6 khi doi ret, quan

ngtr&i dien ?

^o 1oi thoi, nha & nhtr o chugt- Ngtrai ta khong tra


vi d&i song nha van khac thtro'ng qua, lay dem lam ngay,,

nhan khong tam hen nao ca len ma khong dien


it nhieu . Ma trong xa hi co ai thich song vO'i

56

NGHE VI^T VAN

VAN NHAN TRONG XA HO1

Yeti van thtrerng la pho nC va c6 le nhtr John

57

G sin day, tOi lai dtro'c thay rnOt chiec khan lira
Itliac theu hai cat; tha cita va Hoang Chtrang viet thao.

Galsworthy nOi trong truy'en Chung coc, mtr^i van


'The si co tO . i bay tam ngtriy i, !feu khOng phai IA ca

IVIOt anh ban thi si bio tOi :

mtr&i, dirgc mot n-gtr&1dAn bA khuyen khich, n5ng

Chic c6 nhieunhang chiec khan nhtr v5y litn


Phi hi'eu van thireeng kern_, ma vi'et thtr&ng kem
han nfratOi chi nOi thtrey ng thOi 4nhirng lai rat

Thi nhAn nao ma chang c6 mat nang tien ? Doc ti'eu


st`r cit y ho thi biet

thich thi van, ma lam bieng kh8ng chit; viet,_ nen hay

Nghe nOi mtrai mtrOi lam nam trix6c, mat nti si

khuyen khich chting to viet cho ho doc va ho (-18 c6 cam


tinh ved nha van nhat IA nha

m6 tai t&i not de rieng mot thtr phemg tren 15u


dOn khach tao nhan ; cOn mot nit si khac thi men mat

chien tranh, Tr5n Huyen Trail vac, Sai

van si no qua va meri gip nhau Pan d5u, da &an

gon chieu phim cho mot hang hat bOng Tan Dinh

di din I4i : Bao gi& 6ng len Sai gen dirng

.1VIOt hOm tOi 14i tham Ong trong mot ttip nhA la del dien

quell tOi nhe. Ong cir 14i thing nha tOi. Nhd tOi chi

veri mot chtt8ng ngtra, trong mot ngO hem 15y 16i &

c6 mot minh tOi thOi . Roi sot anh chang kia van chtra

H8a-Htrng. Gia tai Ong chi c6 moi mOt chiec va ly nhO

li reu, 14i nOi 1. 5 them : TOi chtra c6 chOng, Ong 4 ,

chtra ban thao, it bO qu5n ao va mot cai hOp giay dirng

lam cho anh chang (16 mat len.

mot chiec khan theu. Khan bang loa HA DOng, mau ma


Toi nghi th^. i nay ma cOn v5y thi cal th&i Van

ga, rua chitng quanh, gifra then bang chi dO mot doan

Dtreyng, loci tho htrang liem (t) ctrc thinh, !Ong thi sj
m&i 'am lam sao chit . 1 Oi, chits. da fifth la cai nOi yeu

van trong mot truyen ngin ci'm Ong. TOi neam cong
tranh inS7' thu5t ay, r6i quay 14i hOi :

van 1
-- Nhirng dem dOng nim trong top leu cua Ong tren
mat 116, nh& chiec khan mOng nay, chic Ong clang bat
lanh dOi ph5n nhi ?
Ong mim ctrOi :
.
.
(I) Huang hem la hop than. Lour thot hu trng hem la loci rho huh
dust phu nit griir trong nhirng hop on phan can ho.

V5ng.

58

NGHE VIET VAN

Nu khong dfrng ve phtro'ng dizn

VAN N HAN TRONG XA 1-10I

59

Cac em thy khong ? Trong gi&i van nghe, chi

hoa ma chi
xet hanh phxic cua ba-t gai thi toi tha"y phu nir nen giir
On

nhiem viz khuye"n khich nghe thuat ho y n la sang tic nghe


pham. Co nhieu cach khuyeen khich Neu chong la van.

em chitng mink chie"m mot dia vi khiem t6n qua. Cac em


sau nay ran len nhe ?

si ti khong cu cho cac chi em cai dieu d6 dt u

Ran ma lam chi? Sing tac)) nhfrng em nho mu mam,


hung hao, mat den lank lanh, mieng tu'o`i nhtr hoa, roi

niu chong la van si thi co the, nhtr ba A.Daudet, giu.p

trong khi em ngu,doc tieu thuye"t,chang thu hon la bu'&c

chong y kie"n ; hoc chep ban thao gium chong nhu' ba

vao cai nghe ky cv.c, bac beo 1a nghe viet van, vo du

L. Tolstoi (i). Ne"u chong khong phai la van si thi

nn ^c de de ra nhirng trang ma chi sau thing sau,

tam hieu van nghe, moi thing de rieng mOt so" tien mua

doc la muon xe vun, lieng het vao gio rac tr ? Ro la mot

sach, lira tic pham co gia tri ma doc, roi gi&i thieu vo`i

l&i xui di

ngtro-i quen, dtr nhieu tin thi dat mot giai thuo`ng van
chtroy ng, hoc m& mot nha xuat ban ma khong can lai
v4t chat ; nhtr vay da ich cho ntro-c, ma thu vi bie"t
bao !
Con vi"et lach thi mit lam, ma nhieu khi btrc minh
nira Cho nen toi khong dong y v&i ni si Hgp Ph6 khi
ba not nhtr vay v&i nix sinh trtr&ng Trung hoc Nguyen
Dinh Chiee'u o` My tho, trong mot cuac trien lam sach.
bao do trtr y ng to chfrc :

(1) Ba A. Daudet rat co khieeu tham mq, thong viet xong trang nao ba
cung dog ky roi ph e binh ; nhv nh&ng y kien do ma thong ba da`
st'ra china tae pham cho them nhe nhang, t'ee nh1. BO L. Tolstoi do
co cling chap l i cho thong bay lan ban dap bb ` ' Chie"n tranh va
Elba binh ' ', mat tic pham vi dai, day hai ngan trang. (Do la boi
ha can tre, chit hoi ve gia, vi ghen tubng, ba do lam cho Ong oat
han, kho nao d"en not phai bo nh3 di roi cheat & dot dvvng).

PHAN THU' NH]

Viet Van

CH CrNG I

THCYI- KY DLJ- BI
Nhieu ban tre vie"t thtr hoi toi : Ho:-sinh nen lam
aan-ngh kkong? Toi xin tra loi chung cac ban ay a
da"y.
Tdi nhan thy nhCrng ban hang-hai benh vi.rc quan
niem nen lam van-nghe du dtra ra ba 1y le :
Trong s6 hoc sinh cung co nhieu nghe-sin ma d^
la nghe si thi khong the khong viet cdxo'c.
Nhieu hoc-sinh yeu van-nghe, lam van-nghe
ma van chain,

On

gioi, van theo du cac mon, kh6ng

hieu dar)h, khoe khoang, cho'i-bai, tru.y-lac.


Hoc-sinh can lam vari-nghe vi tre clang c6 nhirng
ban-khoan, nhirng nguyen-vong cua ire. Chi ho m&i bieu
hien not sinh hot cua ho. Giao str va ph u huynh khong
the lam dueac viec ay, ma cac ngtro'i quan tam de'n
' ( mam

non cua dat nuorc)) can phai hieu ho de ciao tao

nhCrng cong dan tot mai sau.


Ve Iy le thir nhat, moi ngirai nhan rang nhieu ban
tre co khie"u vi"et van ; nhtrng bao rang da la nghe-s,
khong the khong vie"t dirge, thi xin 1oi cac ban, toi ehtra

NGHE VIET VAN.

64

THO'I KY MY BI

65.

ma tOn da chep Cr mot chtrang tan ?

dO datt ding th& van tir hOi x6-17 tu9i lai co nhfing
thac ma . .,. ban khoan noi vii giro sir, Wig huynh kliOng
dtro, c, va viet chi viet, la9n phan t i ll a trtx&ng van lain

Ve 1y:re thir nhi, 15y kinh-nghiem d'e xet thi tOi


dtretc bit la6n anh ban va ba hoc sinh cit y tOi vira di

trOn, bai van hoc dii ; chi khi nao co tat ca tilarng diau.

tin hin lo c i ay : han cac ban chtra quan

kien ay, can ban rneri nen via de' dang ba.o.

hoc vira viet van. Trong so do co bon ngtreri hieu danh,.


khoe khoang, ket qua chic chin la khOng di tai dau ;
va ba ngtreri dirng dan thi chi co moi mot ngtreri dau
dirCrc tti tai, cOn hai ngtreri kia dau la6 da stn hoc va
phai an Ilan rang hoc lerc kern qua, ra d&i muein hoc
them ma mac ban biu vq con, lo can nee corm ao.
Sau aing, ve 4/ le tinr ba, tOi clang mu6n tin rang,
cac ban hoc sinh co nhang ban khoan, nlaang nguyenvong ma giao six va phut huynh khOng hieu nOi. Nhtrng
tOi da doe ca tram bai ci a cac ban viet Ira dang tran cac
nhat bao hoac cac to Giao khoa, ma there chtra thay mot
ban khoan, mot nguyen vong nao dac biet, chi toan la

Tai khOng dcri tu9i ma hieu bier can kink


Van din
hOi mixeri lam, nur&i sau tuOl, gigng co the
nOng l&i co the tucri. cep ; nhung ve ter-ttre'rng thi
khO ma dac-sac dtro'c. TOi co c.ai tat xern van thi xet ea
1
64 lan y vet tOi ttr&ng Xuan-Dieu, Nhat-linh ve gi^ co doc
lai tha hhi nh6 cUa minh, clang cho la tuOi ay qua ngemgnghenh.
Va lai, serm thanh danh . tlitrerrig co Ngtreri ta da:

ter-dae, khOng chin hoc-hOi them, trau.giOi them tai


righe, dire harsh. Clang vi le dO, con trai mot anh ban
ton meri intreri salt tu9i Hut tha ngu-ngOn da khi,
nhtrng khOng dtro. c anh ban tOi cho p hep Oen van ni-ra
va bat phai can cit hoc them.

nhi:rng nguyen vong, ban khoan cUa chting tOi hOi cOn di
hoc hoac cua toan the quOc dan bay gier.

Hai anh em Goncourt trong tap Nhcit-V,- khuyen


cac ban tre nen Op vier to khi ("r ban Traag-loc ra
cho tai Ittc hai rntrui lam hoac ha clauc tu9i. Ban nen nh&
hai Ong sang-lap han-lam-vier Goncout de khuyen-khich
nhang tai-ba cheim n& va dac-sic ma nen n6i nhtr vay
thi 164 de) that cling dang cho ta slay-nghi.

(I)

Xin cac ban dirng v6i hieu lam tOi. Trong cuein
Kim chi-nam clic( hpc-sinh tOi da khuyen cat: ban via nhieu,
rat nhiau, viet thu', viet nhat ky de luyen cay btit va ghi
nhfing ter ttrO. ng, tinh camcila minh. Vay tOi khong cheing
hin v&i quan niem cUa cac ban ; nhung tOi nghi chi khi
nao cac ban tin chic rang minh co tai nhtr Victor Hugo,
hoac it nh5t cfing nhtr Nh5t Linh, Xuan Dieu

ba nha.

(I) Chinh ton cho in nfra

THO'1 KY D

r BI

67

NGHE VI9T VAN

66

V3y theo hai 6ng, th&i-gian tap viet

la t r nam de"n

hieu va nh& kg-thuat viet, chi sau thang


la di i ; ap dung cho quen can On cong ho n ;
to"n cong nhat la phai ttr hoc de m&-mang tri-thirc va tu
mtro i nam. Mu6n

Vay da la van-nhan thi phai ttr hoc, hoc su6t dai,


hoc trong sach v& va trong vu tru, nghia 1A sting va luon
luon nhan xet.

hay mot nam

r.0

luyen nhan-pham.
Nhan-cach con quan trong han tri thirc va ky-thuat,
a

13an chuyen lam tho tr ? It nha"t ban cung phai doc


nhirng

tac pham chinh ct a cac thi-sic6 danhcua ntr&cnha,

cua Trung Hoa, hoc cua Phap, bit quan-nigm cua ho,

va nhirng l&i ngtr&i khac phe binh ho.


Neu cc the dtro'c, ban cung nen hie'u qua tho Anh, Nga,
Du c, My, Nhit... Cang bier nhieu tang 1ai, hirng cang
di dao, y cang phong phil, loi tang dieu luyen. Thtrc
,d&i sing cuaho

ding tic, hats het cac nha tho Viet-Nam d"eukhOng chiu
hpc them, nhieu ngtr&i chi bi"et d4 tram bai tha Viet, vai
chat bi tho r dich cua Trung Quoc, va ba b6n chuc bai

tho' Phap : nhu vay trach chi str sang tac cua ho chang
ngheo nan ve mgi phtro ng din ?

Va ban cung phai tim hieu cac loaf van khac, char
khong 1e vi chi lam tho' ma khong can bit ky-thuat
viet tieu- thuy"et, kith , . , .

Con ne"u ban mu6n viet nghi luan va phe binh thi toi
co the not ba"t ky mot tri thirc gi cua loci ngirOi cung
ich cho nghe cua ban. Nhan quang c6 rgng tbi ttr ttr&ng
mai cao va van m&i co than gia tri.

Van minh phtrung Dong chdng ta co dc-diem la


khong bao gi6, tich r&i tri disc va dirc dttc ; khoa hoc
luon luon bi coi la phu thugc cho luan ly ; chang
rieng trong sach thu6c ma ngay trong nhiing sach

so

b6i, phong thity, ta cung thay day nhu ng l&i khuyen hoc
sinh phai tu nhan, tich dirc, nhat thie"t khong dtrgc
dung sir hieu bit ciia mirth vao vi8c ac.

Cac nha nho

than chinh bao gi& cung lira hoc sinh rat ky, chi truyen
bi thuat cho nhi ng mon do thong minh va c6 hanh d'
ho khoi hoac vo tinh hoc coy lam hi nhan loaf.
Tai phtrcrng Tay thi khac han : khoa hoc la khoa hoc,
luan-ly la luan-ly Khong mot cu6n Veit ly hoc hoac
H6a hoc nao khuyen ngtriri doc dirng dttng nhCrng chat
dec, nhirng thuOc no de thn-sat Ice khac. 13&i vay, loci
ngtr&i ngay nay m&i phai dieu dirng

ve chie"n tranh,

ma nua the ky tru &c, H. Bergson da than th&


Nhdn logi re z Ti, gin bi de bep dtro i strc n /2g
nhirng tien b5 cua minh (...) Trix&rc hit nhdn loci can
xet xem ininh co muon song nua khong.

NGFIL VI^T VAN:

68

"THOI KY DV' 13f

65

va miri 1.6i, Einstein trtrarc khi chat da de 14i mot chile

triang khac trien, cam ngtreri khOng m4tih va gia tri

thir,leri le th6ng-thiet, keu goi liet ctrerng tranh cho nhAn.

khOng cao. V5y muein tAp viet van, ta phai luy4n tatty hOn
yeu cii Chan, cai Thien, cal My :luyen ditc y c thi van

lo4i cal hoa diet vong vi chin tranh nguyen tit . (I)
Tinh than trong dirc duc

ao cua t6 tien, chOng ta

phai gin gift'. ma nha van co nhiem vu bac) ve no Ilan

het . V5y thi trtrerc khi cam ay btit, ta nen tu luyen lay
nhan cacti da.
TOi khOng bap van nhan nao ciing phai la mot nha
d4o dire nhur KhOng - Platon Ca dau, hang ngtrOi
pham nhtr chting mink can nhieu tat lam, nhirng tOi nghl
rang mot righe phara phai nang cao tam h6n clOc gia,

gdi nhirng tinh cam cao thtreeng va doc nhirng tac ph.am
bat ha dOng tay tOi thay hau het deu do nhirng ngu.Cei
co tam h6n trir-tac.

ta ttr nhien se co cai phain rieng, dtrot ngtreri men,


Kh3ng Tir, Lao Tit' hao c6 hoc via van Bari gi&
Thich Ca, Gie-Du cling khOng he nghi cte . n luy0 but
ma chtr vi dO th6t ra nao IA ngtreri duvng th64
chap lai: ho .c truyen khau cho nhau va h4ti thg col IA
nhirng :mg van bat hit nhan TAi sac vay ?
Ti
4 chtr vi ay tam hOn cao thavng qua, tu' tu. 6. ng thain
tram hoac sieu thoat qua cho nen ng6n nga' ttr nhien
cfing hay, ding dep.
Vang qua v5y, thtra b;ti trong cai vice van chtro.ng
tam hOn quan trong nhat, tri thirc thir nhi, sail cung

Da danh co nhirng th&i ma trao Itru lang man tr'.n

-teri ky thu5t.

nap ca van clan mot ntrerc. Nhtr vac) thei Luc Trieu

it Trung Qu8c, the kY 19 6. Phap, van nhan dsu Ay mi


say stra, chAn deri, phOng

Tuy nhien tam hOn

MuOn hoc It9. thu5t viet van thi phai tap viet.

nhirng nha con ltru danh den ngay nay clan phai kitting
co ch8 trong sack va vai diem kha ai dAng lam prang ?

Hai anh em Goncourt khuyen 6 . trtrerng ra cir viet


bira di, khOng theo mGt 1u5t 14 nao ca, ctr chap tat ca.

Van la bieu hieu cita tam hOn. Tam hon ti tien thi.
thu5t co kheo, van ciing chi co tinh cach treu xio, dieu

(I) Ta

niTT, nha" one co ding

au

khoa hoc

nguy^n

-nhirng dieu trong thay, nghe 614, va trong khi de), ran
,quen nhirng dieu da hoc trong sach.
Lai khuyen dO nen theo.

70

NGHE V19T

VAN

Hoi main ra trtrang cong ch'anh, v'ao lam viec &


Nam Viet, t6i c6 rat nhieu thi gi& ranh. Nhirng luc nh&

gib bac mtra phtn, nh& tn..t ntr&c xanh reu cua ho
Gteo, m, nh& con de tham tham cua s8ng Nhi, toi nan.
trong ghe ]thong bie"t lam gi cho vqi not burin, lien viet.
ky {rc,Toi khOng b6 citc, khong ggt deo,ma dau co mu6n.
got do, b6 cuc cftng khong bittt cach vi tOi chtra dtrgc:
dcc melt cu6n nau ve thuat vie"t van, Cir nh& dau la toi
chep do, c{r, nghi sao la toi vie"t vay, dung nhu phtrong,
phap ((van tong ttr thu4n cua nhom H6 Thich, nghia

la viet ctr xuOi r6t, thing nhu runt ngira. Ngay vt


dtroo c nam trang, ngay dur q-c tntr&i, c6 khi cao hung

THC7I KY DU BI 7t

y
nghe tieng dan tranh y ang ang du &i r4ng sao a
tren bo' ; nao nhCrng buoi chieu du ghe trong canh

dung Bac Lieu hay Rach Gia, nhin mkt tro'i do nhir
cuc than hong va I&n bang chic mini t;r tir ha xue"ng
mat dat menu mong phang Ii ; nao nhir.ng car_h am u
trong rung duac, rirng vet o Ca-mau, canh plibn thinh
cua tau dai, vtrOrn ttrac & Sa dec... nl:irng canh do,.
nhiing tinh do, What nhat toi deu ghi iii du.
Tom lai, toi da theo phtr^Yng phap cua Goncourt
ma khong hay va te)i tiring hau het cac nha van den tap
viet nhir vay : quen nhCrng dieu da hgc ma cir viet bira

mtrcri lam, hai mtrui trang khong chirng ; quen ca bfra.


co a m, quen ca ngay gi&, bong t6i len 1oi vao trong ghe

di, khong mo phong ai ca, co cai kri la thy vui,

luc nao khong hay, khi dat cay viet xu6ng, nhin len bar

cua minh.

khong chin, ma tap dime mot 15i van tir nhien, dc bit

thi ling x6m d^ lo' mo' sau lan strong mong. Say me vo
r

cting. Cam but ltic nao la tam hon toi rung dgng nhe
nhe itie iy, nhtr dtr(yc nghe mot ban nhac em dm, ban
nhac cua c6 hiro v ng- va di vang,. Sau bon nam thing, toi.
vie"t dtrgc sau tram trang giay dac.

Tap viet roi lai phai tap su'a : bit s&a van tirc la

biet vier van Nhtrng 1uc m&i dau, tap su a van m inh is
mot viec ratkhb, vi ta chua quen dung vao dia vi
khach de duyet lai van ta, cho Wen rat can co nguai khac

Nho a cach a"y, toi tha"y viet moi ngay m$t de ding..

chi bao

Het ky irc, toi viet nhit ky, ghi nhtrng dieu mat thy tai nghe trong khi lenh denh tren nhirng song mach
mien Hau Giang Nao nhirng dem trang rao rirc, thi

tan tam thi that 1a may cho ban ban khei mat thi gib' ma

chie"c thuyen tren rich Cai Rang hay Binh Thuy ma

de- thanh cong. Con nhu khong co thi ban co the then.

Neu ban co dtro c mot Ong thay dO kha nang va

NGI-E, VIET VAN

72

met lap ham thy day thuat vi'et van niitr trtrOng
Universelle hay trtrerng Sciences et Arts & Phi!, (1) GU()
sir 16p ham thy. ay c6 nhi8n co nhieu Kinl4 nghiem
ve ngh8 cam but, xet van rat sanh, ta co th tin ho.
Tuy nhien, met la vi 18 & devi khOng co gi tui#t dOi, hai
la vi Oc tham in ciaa moi ngtrei khOng the giOng nhau
trong cac khia canh, nhang Ong thay van d i ciing co khi
lam, Chang hat) Jesse Stuart trong cuein Vitt vi thich
hock vi tin ( Writing for love or for money) 1s8 chuyen
giao str met 16. p ham that no khuyen Ong dung viet tfeu
.
thuyet, nhtrng Ong cir via, va sau dtryc ba to bao O.

THOI KY DV 131

75

Viet van xu6i, to dtryc tkr do turn lam tho', Once' thOi
phOng viet mau, ma viet mau thi van co the tired
sang, song 16 , i thtrerng thira, y tlitr&ng lOang. Larti

tho.,

hi van, niem 1u4t, se chtl, s6 can khien

to b^ b#c
phai tim nhien each de piaci diet mot to phai lira
nhirrig tierg xic clang, du dtro'ng, rOi ciao len dao xttOng,

thay dOi, can nhac : sty cau thitc d6 se: dtra ta den nehe
thuat.
Phtr ng phap cit'a hai ban thi si do tat phai co
ket qua. Thy nhien, tOi e no khOng phii mot phirng
phip chung, thich hap y eti moi ngtreei : nhirng bah nao
khOng co khieu ve th y ma theo cach ay co the man that

Nry tranh nhau dOi mua truyen.

vong ; va lai van van va van xtthi co ntaing quy tac khac
nhau xa cho nen Tang ClIng a 'Tung Quec viet CO van
Trai lai vai Goncourt, hai anh ban thi si chi cho
y

t6i met phtr ng phap khac : muen tap. vi


trtrO. c hay tap lam thy.

van thi

Tai sao lai tap lam tho rOi rthi tap viet van ? Theo

hai anh ay thi tap lam th y trt Oc la a tap chti. trong


-den nhac trong van, de.n dire gon, tinh xac va ham six

rat hay (1) ma lam tho khOng

dtrqc, con Cr Viet Nam,

T4n Da tho bat hit ma van xtiOi thi kern.


Torn lai, theo tOi thi tri g khi la met tigtrei co khieu
ire tho. , to tn&i dau cir thich cal gi viEt cai do, nhtr vay
co dip de) dam, tim con dtrerng di, thin qua moi loaf
sauctIng 1t,ra loaf nao thich ho . p veri mihh.V8 diem

tirc nhtr de quen vai cong viec sira chfra, thOi sao. Lei
co ly.
.
(I) Met tigtrai Viet dit 1116 a Ba le lap ham thy bang Vit ngir day
viet van titArng hinh nhtr khOng thanh cong vi it ngtrO4 chju hoc

00) Tang Cling dfrng vao hang bat dai gia a Trung QuOc

ay, Jesse

NGHE VIET VAN

74

Stuart cung bao : Thich cai gi ct:r viet cai do, roi ngu'o'i

THO'I KY D U' BI

75

tei 1ai tap thoi suy nghi, phe binh vA viet sao cho that

sang sua (r)


khac se thich. ))
Ngtriri ta b1io Henry de Montherlant ngay n'o cung
dick Tacite de luyen van. Dieu ay co the tin di.rgc va
gtro'ng ay rat ten then.
Neu ban kh8ng thich lam tho , ma mu6n tap ttr cau
thuc minh trong khi vi"et thi toi xin chi ban mot cach
khac la dich cac danh pham ngoai quoc
Chtro'ng nay ding le d n day la hit, nhtrng t6i
Sau khi viee't ky irc va nhat ky nhu' tren da ke, toi
bo ra hai nam dich phap van v'a hoa van. Toi dich lung

twang nen ban them vz van de lira chon but danh (2)

tung, it trang cua A. France. J.J. Rousseau, V. Hugo,

(1) Tuy nhien, vi d ch nhieu co van, toi da co mot th& mac tot dung
nhieu hr tir it cuoi cau.

mot chtrong trong cuon Nlot nghe thudt song ( Un art de


vivre) cua A. Maurois, tron cuo"n Hu4n luyen tinh cam
(L'edueation des sentiments) cua P.

. Thomas, nhieu

truyen ngan, tity but cua Ho Thich va nam, sau chu.c


bai trong bo Co van quan chi

Nh& tong viec dich ay, toi hoc dtrgc rat nhieu va
hieu ro ttr twang cua cac tic gia ho'n trir&c : lam tau
doc qua ttr&ng la ro rang, den luc dich m&i thy co ch&
chtra tinh xac, de khien dc gia hieu lam. Khi dich, tei
ran tim nhfng tie"ng Vitt de din dung va khi viet toi
giir du'o'c tap quan ltra tieng, thanh thin ngoai cai lo'i
du'gc anh htr&ng cua nhieu danh si t&i phep hanh van,.

(2) Chic co ban' to mo muon biet phap dat bit dank cua mot so nba van
ten tuoi ?
Hoi xcra cac cu phan bit te:n ti r va ten hieu
Phep dat ten TU nhu r vay. Vi du tic gia cuon Phan dish Phung, ho
Dao ten Nhat. Trong Lua;i Ng& co can cua Khong T&: a Ng6 duo NHAT
di QUAN CIII (E3ao ta co mot moi ma gdm du ca c moi). Ong flao lay
hai chic QUAN CHI lam ten tq. Ha tha t' ten Quan chi thi ngtrai co hoc
nho nh& ngay t&i cia do rei don dwroc ten Ong la NhAt'
Bui Ky 1a" . r ten la U'u Thien vi trong T& truyen co
nguOi nuoc Kt' lo troi sop ( U'u Thien la lo tr&i ).

cdu

not rang

Hoang Tfch Chu lay ten Jo K %-' Thtrong (noi nba Thtrong). vi nba
Chu not nha Thuoang.
LO i dung ten tu ay co ve kin dao tao nba, nhur rg bay giir it ngtr&i
thfch vi chic Ha o khfisg cbn thinh hash.
xem tip trang 76

NGI-1 VI9T VAN

76

Khi nao ban tha"y van ca ban da clang cho ra mat


doc gia thi tat nhien va"n de ltra but danh se lam cho ban
phai nhieu that mac, Ltra ten gi ? Dat ten gi cho hay,
cho keu. cho nhCrng doc gia ttrong lai cua minh phai tirc

THOr1 KY D U BI

7p

Nguyen Du, Ly Bach. Ban ctr6 , i tr? Co lath Sao? Pan


chang thy mot ky gi i Viet Nam kit da mtt' ti?n by va
ten hieu cua thi thanh Do Phu de' ky bang ba chir Do
Thie"u Lang ?

th&i chit y ?
0, cai do thi ttty ban, ban co the dung but hi,eu la

Nhtrng toi xin din ky ban dieu nay . phai can thin,

A B.0 hoac X.Y.z. hoc Chang Bay, Chang Ba._. Ban

can thin Iam lam, dirng de brit danh cua ta trung voi

la i co the lay ngay ten mot thi hao d&i co,chang han

but danh mot nhd van Vigt

Nam

dtro r rig thcti. T6i ky

clay i
ti p theo trong 75

M&i nam nao, doc tren mot tuan bao no & Sai-gon,
Ten HIE co hai cach dat. Hoac lay ten nii, song, ten tang, tong`
phi, tinh no . i minh !r n^ dat nhir Nguyen Khac Hieu que & Son Tay
no-i co nisi Tan song fla nen ong lay hieu Ia 'Tan Da.
Hogc thich cai gi thi lay cai dci dat ten, nhir Nguyen Binh Khiem
lay hiau la Bach via cr si (ong thich may trAng thick in dat), Phan
ChuTrinh lay ten la Hi Ma nghia la mong d ruc nhir Ma Chi Ni (Mazzini)
mot nha ^^ qu6c da co tong thong nhat Y fai Lo'i. Nt.rc cu'&i nhat la Le
Si

Choy, tic gia cuo"n Phe binh cao luau ky ten Thi"cu San, mr)t ten vo
nghia, c hl v1 hi nho thich mot kep hat tuong ten goi Thi"cu Son.

Nhirng cach dot ten for va ten higu do bat chu Crc Trung Hoa, con
bat charrc Phap thi co each bu't me ( anagramme ), Vi du T ran Khanh
Giu' t5c gia Nira Chirag Xuan ky ten Khii H rng, to la"y nh&ng mxu
t o' trong ten Khanh Giu ciao len dao xu6ng. (Nhirng tieing Viet khon g
co Citr) co le la DU' ma do"i la GIIY chang ?
CSch sau c li ng nay thi chic la cua minh : Nguyen Thor Le ky ten la
The Lir; The Lir Ia tieeng iii ca Thin Le,

toi da thy chi trong nira thing m a da co hai nha

On

la ten bai hai rang ho da hi ngtrtri khac ky trung ten


TToi nghiep qua 1 So" van si ntr6, c rninh hiett nay, ke ca
nh&ng ngtrb'i tir trtro'c chi viet cO mot bai brio vii chuc
hang, co tai hang ngan hang van ma nhCrng ten dgp
nhtr Xuan giang Thu nguyet ... kiem ra cho het, cling
chi dtro c nam, bay chtic, thi hi lam s o ma chang co
nhirng truing hap ky ten trtxng ? La ma dttng lain but
higu ciia mot van nhan chu'a not tie"ng la vigc kh6ng al
n& trach,nhtrng nu khong phai la Ho TrongHii3tt ma ky
Tu i\I&, khong phai Nguyen 1hac Hieu ma k}'r Tan Da
thi kh6ng mong gi dtro c ngtrhi ta na'i tay riu boa ! Vi
ngai vay nen mac dau da" dtrgc mot Ong b'ac chat cho
but hieu la Loc Dinh ma t8i van
sinh.

ky ten tren khal,

79

T6 CHOC Doi SONG

Sr
t kich thich cita khOng khi a dO thi krn can cho
nhieu nha van de sang tic. NI& la cac nha ha, phai tra
ciru tai lieu trong cac thlr vien, nghe ngOng tin tire trong
cac quan ca phe, neu song tinh nhO, lam sao ho viet
dtro.c
Nhtrng neu tam nam, bay nam khgrig ra khOi chgn
CHU'aNG 11

(16 thi nao nhiet, ben tai ltic nao ding am am, trtrOrc mat

TO CHIK 901 SONG

phai met mOi, ma cOng vice trir tac chang kern v8 luvng

idc nao ding nhgn nhip thi tam than ta tranh sao chang
hoc v pham ?
Nita van nen sang iy do thil&n hay & tinh nh6 ?
Khi tOi tn6. i len ngu O. Saigon, mot Ong ban ti'ep tOi
trong melt cira hang do Ong lam chit va di back tOi :
Len day anh khO ma viet Lich. HOi tOi H.T. tgi
can till' tic duvc, dg nay het hirng, m i nam chi lam
dtrcyc vai Deri song 6. day ban r' n-- qua ma cling
On-;;.o qua !
.

Tay neu cO met khu vu . g. n 6' . ngoai o chau thanh,


nlair tai lang Mgc, lang BuZi, tang Ng9C Ha chang
quanh Ha Ngi, ho5c o a khOi Gia Dinh, Phil Nhuan, Lang
TO gan SaigOn thi thich nhat va tien nhat. SO/1g

CY

day

ta co the tiny tien ra (16 thi tim tai lieu 6 . thu vien,
chuyen trb Val cac van 11 .5'u hay tinh toan cOng vice vaei
nha xt.at ban, ma tai van dtrg . c tiep xiic vOi thien nhien,
ng^nt dOng ltia, dOng nuO . c, nglie tieng sac), tieng chim.

Nghe Ong not tOi ttr nghi tai deei sgng O Saigon
nay thl it ma tad khOng khi trong cit' . a hang thi nhieu
Mic lam con toan sugt ngay, viet sao duvc aka ?
TOi nhO. Charles Braibant co not : Kitting khi thanh
Bale kich-thich, nhtrng no nhtr mgt thin thugc kim thach,
dung luem hoa quer'. lau thi khOng khi do lam ta kiet
ltyc. Ban ding bit rang nhtrng gia dinh lap nghiep 011a
l

e den dc:ri thin ba la tieu diet day chit' ?

Dmirc tan htthng cal thti va cai lai cita co tich tai
nhang ncri clO, ngu'On cam hirng ctia ta se clgi dao Ina
tam hiin ta cling dtrcyc ggt rira. Nha tho. Alfred de
Vigny not : Ve thi ca, ve triet IY, mgi nganh van
chtromg, neu chi co thi gia de suy nghi rgi viet thi la
hOng, Ong mugn khuyen ta phai mo mgng mgt cai gi

80

NGHE VIET VAN

81

TO CHIYC 901 SONG

cao dcp cho ttr tir&ng dtrcc kho'ang chat, van tir dtro a c-

Theo tOi cach sap dat chi trong cuo"n Un art de

tiem nha. Nhtrng ngoi daq. ma ma mong dtrac ? 0 noi,

vivre cua Adrien Jans co the theo dtrVc, tuy no co cho

dong que tinh m;ch hay a no a i xe co on ao ?

bat tien la nhung sach cung mot loai thur o'ng khong
cung mot kho, thanh thin cting mot ngan ma co cuon

u
Ban vi cho lam viirc thi trong phon.g nen co mat
ghe xfch du, luc nao moi hang ta co the nam trong ghe"
ma suy nghi, doc sach hay viet thao. Nhieu nha bac

cao, cuo"n thap. trong khong dgp mat:


r. Nhirng cu5n ta thick nhat, khong ke loai.
2. NhCrng cuo"n in cep'
a) sach ve my thu4t,

h9c, chinh tri hoc doanh nghiep d^ nh& thin ghe" do


a

h) sach ve van hoc.

ma lam viec dtro c su6t ngay.


En nhtr sach la nguyen-liett cua nha van, ta can
bit giu gin va sap chat.

3. Tieu thuye"t ( Sap theo chic cai cua ten tic g is


4. ThY

tir khi mo , i mua ve, dirng do i luc co bon, nam tram


cuon mo , i lam, ta se thy ngai lam.

n.t

Phe binh. Tay but (Sap theo chCr cal ctia dau de)

Nn lam hai the cho moi cu6n, mot the sap theo
tan tac-gia, mat the sap theo mon loci, va ]am ngay

5. S& ky

( Sap theo th&i dai va ttrng xir

Triet ly

6 Loai sach nho ve khoa hoc


Stich it, mu6n sap ra sao cung dtrac, cang nhieu.
thi cang phai phan loai ky Itro'ng cho de sap v1 de kiem,
Neu moi cu6n co hai cai the thi trong to co the sap
theo chieu cao cua sach, . Ta se chia sach lam nhieu
ngan, tuy theo kho sach
Stich cao dtr&i 20 phan,

Tieu sir ( Sap theo ten ngtr6-i not trong sach )


7. Ton giao
8. Tap chi.
Chac Adrien Jans co nhirng ly le rieng nen mO'i
sap Tri"et ly chung vo'i Sir k )? va Tieu sir chung v&i
Khoa hoc. Ta khong can theo clung Ong, co the sag

Stich cao tir ii de"n 3o phan.

Phe binh, Tay but, T6n giao chung mot ngan vo a i Trie"t.

Stich cao tren 30 phan.

1 , Tieu sir chung v&i Siz ky v.v, .

NGHL VIgT VAN

TO CHLYC EtCYI SONG

83

gi, trong moi cuOn co nhang y gi quan trong, tai lieu gi


Nett kitting 14p cho moi cu6n hai the tlitr tich thi it

ta ding phai ghi ten sach theo trong loai vAo met
cu6n so nhtr dtr&i day.

What

co the dung duvc thi a-tang khac chi co kho y ang ma


khOng biet chO ch8n dau.
_A,

S
sach
I

Ten I
Nha xuat-bAn `i" quan-trong
Ten sach
Nam xuSt-bin
tac-gia
trong sach
2

Tien
chi!

Nga'y
Igy ra

xet nhA a va phOng,bay gi& tOi xin xet den each


lam viec
V`d diem nay in81 nha van co nhang thOi ring
Co ngtrOi nhtr Henri Beraud di net rat seem, tir tam
gier t6i de ba gi& sang d4y viet mot hai tai mtrOi
roi nghi ngoi ca bu6i chieu.

Trong cOt 7 nen ghi bang viet chi de d8 gom nhirng


1&i ghi

khi tree sach vat) Trong cot 6, co the bien ten

Co ngtreri lai quen viet bu6i chieu tir ba den bA'y


gig& vi ho cho bu6i sang Oc chtra co cai da de lam vi4c,

ngtrei mtrvn sach.

con bu6i t6i phAi nghi, nett kh6ng Se mat ngil.


Khi sap sach vO tit, nen d'at dirng ; nlaing cu6n
n4ng nhat nen de O . nhang ngan dtr&i, nhang cuOn
thtrirng dung nen de y in tam tay cho d8 nhang cutin
nhe thi de tren cling, (1)
Skit la kho tai lieu, nen chang nhCrng phai giir gin
ky Itrerng, sap d4t co thir tir ma khi doc con nen ghi
chep rOi lap melt the di lieu cho nhang chtro'ng quan
trong. Neu 136 bira bai, khOng nha minh co nhirng cu6n

NI6t s6 nhtr Victor Hugo va nhat la Gustave Flaubert viet deu deu nhtr mot thu ky, cir sang tam, chin
gier la ngOi viet tai mtreri, rntreri chieu cling
.
co nhirng gi& nhat dinh Ht!rng tai hay khOng ding mac,

den gi& IA cam ce viet, nhtr 4meit con trau keo cay.
Flaubert, met nha van co nghi-Ikrc phi-thtr&ng,
khuyen ta :
Dirng not Lew niiy ted viet khOng duvc, dau
rt-Ing. Khi neto ngbi hat khOng tix no di thi
tdi tr Ong
phdi bdt no di . Ngu b i ta ca. tu4ng-tuirng rang bat buOc

(I) Trich trong cu6n Tu hoc de thanh cong

tic gii.

84

NGHE VfET VAN

nh,r vdy,. no se di by ba. Ddu co. Chi nhirng ngbi


but drrcrc ngrrbi to dieeu khien idu mai thanh ngbi but
hay. Mubn mot cach manh lift, qua quye"t, bdt.bie"n thi
viec gi cling thanh

TO CHU'C DO'1 SONG

85

van khong vier thi ^c cling it khi dtr^'c nghi, luon luon
bi dau de am anh, cA trong bia ari, giac ngu. Thi ltrc
prang dtn nhtr Balzac, lai & mot kht hau mat ma nao
co vie"t qua cai so gi& do moi ngay 1

Cach lam viec do, dac ltrc nhat va co le" it phi sirC

Theo toi, cuoc song strong nhat cho nha van la m6i
nom du gc du lick bon, nom thong, vita di cho'i vira suy

nhat.
hai nha

nghi, nhan xet tim d^ tai, roi ve do thi tham ban be, nha

do, phan dong lam viec tuy hirng ma ac thay hirng


thtrang to & i ban dam, trong nhirng luc tinh mich nhat,

xuat ban,tra ciru tai thtr vign, sau he"t kiem no e i tinh mich

von vat du ngu, tieng dong du tat. Hai van si ban than

gi&.

Nhtrng

On

si khong may ngtro h i dtro'c

nhtr

viee't trong nom, sou thing, moi ngay viet coo bon, nom

ca toi du 1ay dern lam ngay va t6i nao cung uo"ng tra

Tat nhien, phai vao hang Ong hoang tren van clan

tau hoac ca phe dm de thirc cho khu.ya, thin hi lamn

Au, 1VIy mbi co the song mot cuoc d&i phong ltru an

sao ma khc ng man kiet sic?

nhan nhtr vay. Con nhtr

On

nhan ntro'c Minh, nu

Nhu ng co mot dieu ma phan dong the nha van d"eu.

khong co mot nghe thin nhi thi dau cam co viet snot

cling nhAn la phai sap dot lam sao cho co the lam viec
lien tip ba, bon gi&; nett mcri viet do mot gi& lai pl it

phAi 10 goo tirng ngay. Nhtr the", y lam sao ma cao ky,

ngirng thi moi khi viet tie"p phai phi

Mgt

mtrcri, mu o i

lam phut suy_nghi de cho oc quen v&i viec. Toi vira


not hai tieng phan dong vi toi dtrgc bit chuyen van si
Aguessau mot horn dtra tang ba vg mot tap ttr ttr&ng do
ling trir tic trong nhfng phut dai bira & trtr&c ban an.

Neu viet dt u d"eu suot nom thi moi ngay nom, sou
gi& d^ Ea nhieu lam vi, nhtr toi da noi, nhlrng ]tic nha

nom, mcii ngay bay, tam gi&, clang khong du song, cir
van lam sao ma gia gian ? Van s1r chi do nghco !
Xin ban nghe 1&i Charles Braibant khuyen cAc
van si :

Phui trknh dirng dan Om' Neu dan thi duang


benh o ddu ? Cd nhixng an dwPrng dcrcrng cho cac giai
trong du nghe, trir cho nha van va nghe si.
Cling phdi tranh dirng the"t: ai trd phi tbn clam tang
cho ?s
Oi I chua chat !

NGHE V19T VAN

TO CHU'C E3G'I SONG

87

Charles Peguy than : Toi dau then, can nghi hai thing.

phai lam no 1e cho phu dung tien ttr, phai mai mist

Nhtrng nu toi nghi thi mut eai da vi"et Dau xot china?

trong cac xom binh khang, phai nhtr thee' thi hirng m&i
tci, m&i co the sang tic dirgo c, m&i ding mang cai danh
hieu nghe si. Phong trio ay lan khap no r i, tham chi t&i
Vu Ngoc Phan, mot nha van dirng clan cling con benh

Neu nghi thi mat chi da vie"t , Peguy lo nhLr vay,

vtrc ho

nhtrng toi khuyen ban mat thi rn"at, ban cling phai
nghi, mac d"au toi biet rang, viet dsrcrng co da ma phai
ngtrng hang thing thi btrc lam, va khi vie"t ti p, da
kho nhoc, lai kern hay. Ban can phai nghi de tranh khoi
the"t so'm ; eon nhtr muo"n tranh dau thi hay nghe
Dumas-con khuyen : (i)

Tren dtro'ng nghe thuat, tren con dtrb , ng muon ngd,


ngwbi nghe Si dung each nao de chi t^'i dtrtrc n^i sang
suot va hai cho nhdn loci diroc nha'ng tha' qua quy What
thi thoi, to khong nen trach sao ho lai uong anon, sao
ho lai but thuoc, sao ho lai khong song mot cacti vO
sixth nhtr ta,

1I1i ngay anh nen di bo hai gio , , mi dim ngu


bay gia ; ngtt mot mink thoi; he thtt c thi day lien (.,)
DOi m(ri an, khat m&i uong, va luon Ilion do uong

luan 1y, cling khong dirng ve phtrang din xa hoi, chi

chdm chdm (..).

xin xet chi lai cua nha van. Theo toi, chtra chat da can

Ong lai can din them :

ru au manh, nha phien, my nhan de kich thich mo'i co


the sang tic duac ; nhtrng toi chic h phi sirc v'a phi

Dtr6,i hai chuc tuoi dieng ga"n dan ba, ngoai ttrtua"n c ling nen xa ho )>
Cha, Ong lao do that is ky ltrang qua, tlir de"n
ngoai bay chic cling la phai 1
Da co mot th&i, nhieu van nhan ntrac nha ca tong
sir tray 1ac, ho hao rang phai an chai, phai bo"c dbng,
(1) Hai cha con ho Dumas cling i3 Alexandre, de"u vieet vnn, Wen.
ngvoi to phai phan bit Dumas-cha vid Dumas-con.

Trong don nay, toi khong dirng ve phtro y ng dien

tien thi nha van tat mau chet, vg con tat dieu c irng,
van nghiep chi nira vii. Ngoai ra chic ban da bit, tai
cac dtr&ng during & Shigon luc nay, Lien phong mOi
ngay 1a tram run&i, nu ke ca tizn an, tien thuo"c, tien
cong cho bac si thi t&i nam tram' Ruot tam kia g& ra
may tuan m&i dtrgc so tien ay ?
May nam trtro'c, m$t thi-si co danh tuyen bo tren
mot tuan bao rang mot van nghe si chi dtro'c song bang

NGHL VIET VAN

.88

nghe cam bitt, khOng dttvc co met nghe khac, nghia la


phai dem het thi gi6 . , tam lire ra phung sty van nghe,

TO CHI)C DOI SONG

89

dOng kich, chep ban nhac, Ong thi lain lust str hay tu'
chirc, cong chirc, lai c6 Ong lam.., co dao.

phai hoan town chung thUy v&i nang Van hoac nang

Met quan niem ve ly flinu vay khOng co gia tri gi

Tha. Ntrc ctrOi thay, met quan niem by sinh den mtrc

ca. Ban co the lam them met nghe thtr nhi, tOi can
muan khuyen ban nen lam them met nghe this . nhi ti&a.

cho nghe tilt*

Co rat nghe phu, trtrCrc het ban se khOi doi, ROi

Met anh ban tOi doc lai tuyen b6 ay, biu mOi

nh& khOng dei, ban de giir

ang du. qc tir cach, dtro.c

Tai khOng hieu tai sao nha thced6 lai nhi the ?

tinh than cita ban ; khi con nheo nh6c, l eo vi tai bfra

Ai ma chang biet rang chinh anh ay co t&i ba nghe,

ma bep van can lanh ; khi vg nhan nh6 vat va ma

ngoai cai nghe cam but ma gan day anh ay to y e th&


o. . Hay la anh ay dinh nay di man cha thing Ito Bac,

kJ-tang co tien di bac si thi ban co nghi ltyc den dau ma

ray till ba me cai nang Thi ?

nang Thu dtrOi moi hinh thirc cho met vii ke giatt

Phai lam chit, neu bac) rang phai sang ve nghe van

dam quyet se khOng dem ban datt gii nang Van va


sang bi of ?
Tuy nhien, nett gap khi ban may man, di dit sang

va chi sang ve nghe van mei la van nghe si thi to ra het


thay nhfing nha van tho' khOng chuyen sang ve nghe

ban thi van pham nhtr Tran Huyen Tham Tam,

nett n6 dOi h6i ban nhieu cong sire, thi gi& va khOng c6

Vu Hoang Chuang, ca nhOm Ttr lire van doan Ira nhat

tinh each tieu khien

e cay bUt thi tOi lai khuyen 136 cai nghe phu ay di

la nhilng thi van hao doi -nix& ctla to nhtr Nguyen


Du, Nguyen thi Diem, Thanh Quan, Nguyen Khuy'en..
deli kite/3g phai la van nghe si hay sao ?

Nhtrng, xin ban dirng b6 qua s&m. Nhiett tieu


thuyet gia mei xuat ban dtro. c vii cuen ban chay, vei
ba

Ngay nhtr Phap ma nghe viet di c6 tir the kY


cac thi van hat) thiy i trtre. c nhtr Corneille, La Fontaine,

cic nghe khac de chuyen sang ve tieu thuyet thi

Wang nhien cut hirng cut hUng met cach la tang.


.Ltic d6 m&i nguy 1

Moliire, Bossuet, Montesquieu , J. J.Rousseau,Lamartine,


Maupassant, Zola... va On day nhtr Loti, Ferriere, A.
F

rance.. cling sang nh& met nghe thir

Ong thi

(I) May nghe phu doi hai to it cong sire, thi giv va

c6 tinh cach tiet


khien nhu: : nghe nhiep anh, nghe hoi 11 9 a, nghe cong each...

NGHE VIET VAN

90

TO CHCYC DOI SONG

9I

Ban h6i toi :

bin thanh cai may chep, may tinh va de tieu tan ca

---- Nen ]tra nghe gi lam nghe thir nhi ?

nghi hrc, chi phan dau thi toi cang ghet them ; tuy nhien

-- Thtra ban, nghe nao hap v&i kha nang cua ta


ma c^ lgi hoc it nhat cling khong hai cho nghe cam

nu duac lam mpt vien bao thu van kha trong mat thtr
vien nhtr Sainte Beuve, A. France t'ii c6 lgi cho nghe
viet van,ta se thu thap dtrcyc nhieu tai lieu de soan sach.

but.

Khuong Viet neu khong lam & Thtr viers Nam Viet chic
Thin Giang khuyen lira mot nghe tay chin. Nha

van may c6 hi lam the sap char, co dao cuoc chat lam
vtr6,n. Htr Chu, lue nao ranh vie"t thi cam ngay cai duc,

khong viet dtrac cuon Ton Thy Ttr&ng va hen Le" Ngoc
Tru cling nha lam & s& ay ma de soan bq Chdnh td

Viet ngir.

c3i ctra, hl hoay d6ng ban, d6ng gh"e, d6ng chang ra


tro gi ca, nhtrng ong ta cling rat thich.
E?ong y v&i hai nha van d6, toi van ghet d&i s6ng
ben ban giaay vi no thie"u khong khi, thi"eu van dgng,
an kh6ng tieu, phi lep kep, toi van tr&c ao dtrgc nhtr

Khong lam & thtr vien tlii nen lu'a nghe gi lam nghe
phu ? Di buon ? M& nha xuat ban hay lap tiem ban
sach ? Dmyc day ! D6 la nhirng nghe

ti' do, hap v&i

nghe viet van. Song, toi xin ban coi chirng : mot khi
l

William Faulkner (i), sang cam but, chieu cam cay ; va

am ong chi tizm, chtra chic ban co the quyet giO sao

van mong trong x^ hi ngay mai, ngtr&i lam viec tinh

cho cay but cua ban se khong bi nhe bong & dau can

than se c6 nira ngay de lam viec tay chin, ma ngtrai


lam vigc tay chin cling c6 nira ngay de' dcc sach- Nhtrng
trong hign tinh, mot nghe tay chin kho nuoi dtruc nha
van, nen Thien Giang d"a thoi sap chic ma Hu Chu chi
lam thq moc tai tir, lay thlzng sira d6ng cai ban cai ghe"

Thi nay, ban co dam chat se du nghi ltrc tir chi khong
ti p khach hang trong khi hirng dQt ngat t&i khong?
Lam chu, ban phai trong nom moi viec, ban se bin ron
lam, kho con thi gi& de' viet va cal nghe ma ban m&i
dau cho no la phu se mau thanh nghe chanh mat.

cho =E bay nho tna thoi.


Suy di nghi lai, nghe thir nhi hqp v&i nha van nhat
Nhtr vira n6i, tc i van ghet d&i s6ng ben ban giay,
nu lei s6ng ben ban giay lie lam th tr ky, nghia la dee ttr
(I)

Mt vin s9 My du ring thvi, dugc giii thtr&ng Nobel nam 1949.

la nghe day hoc- Michelet c{ing nhAn vay, Ong not:

Tir khi toi lam nghe dy (nghe" giao str ), dO i tai rcpt
dieu hba : rnot tay tai span bai, mot tay tOi vie"t sack,

NGHE VIgT VAN

92

Sau khi cam cui trentrang sach bui ham, chic thi nhO
net thi m&, ma dtrqc nhin nu ctriy i hOn nhien, cap mat
long lanh cit'a thanh nien ; sau khi tip suc vii ttr ttrO-ng
nghiem trang cita ngtreri xua ma dtrqc nghe nhiing tr&c
vong, tam sq cita ban tre thi con chi ma tam hOn ta
chang vui y e, nhe nhang ? Rieng nghe vieet van da lam
ta sty me, lai them nghe day hoc, mot nghe ma cac hien

CIIITCYNG

nhin nhtr Kheng Manh Socrate, Platon deu


nhin la vui nhat, thi deri ta qua la mot canh hoan lac
vay. Nhtrng hoc sinh phai ra sao kia thi day m&i thy

VAN-&E NGUYiN IAC

thfch.
Tv-twang luOn-luOn la tutu c^nh cua nh^ vein.
ALAIN

Mai ttr khoing Intrdi lam tam nay, mtt s6 nlia van
ctla ta dirng len ho hao &at van-de nguyen tic cho van
hoc. Trtrerc het co le IA bang Thai Mai trong cu6n Vain
hoc khcii luOn, rbi Uri Trieu Sty li trong cu6n Con acting
van nghe m&i, On day them tic gia cu6n ticin nghe nhdn
din IA Hoang COng Khanh. 06 IA chi We nlifing tAy

but

in thanh sach, con nhfing bai dai, ngan clang tren bao

thi khOng sao ghi du dtrcyc.


Xet Chung, het thay cac nha van dO deu ce) thien 5'r
vach mot con dtr&ng m&i cho ng4 si va con dtr&ng g y
rat chinh ding. Chi tic co ngtr&i, hoac vi hang hal qua

NGHE VIET VAN

VAN I NGUYEN TAC

95

a
. Neu dai chti.ng duo ng hang hai tin to'i thi van

ma ha thien kie"n, hoc vi y it ma mu6n keo cho dai,


nen ly_luhn co cho h&, hay mu thuan. Phe-binh ky ba

chtrong phai co tinh than tin be . Wang, Nhtrng co hai

cuon ke tren, it nhat cung mat nam, sau chic trang,

dai chting that lui thi sao ? Van nghe cung phai thoai b
cho thich h . p v&i tinh than dai chung tr ? Sau vit that

cling-viipc d6 toi chira cb y lam o clay ; chi xin vach vai


diem khong dtrac xac ding de chfng tl:trc lai toi m&i
nbi.
Chang han, Trieu so n, trong cu6n da dan, bao phai
dai chung h6a van nghe :

Dqi chung hoa la lam sao cho van nghe-pham


khong nhl?ng de hieu, de cam doi vai dai chung ma not
dung cda van-nghe-pham ding thich hap v&i tinh-than
ctgf_chdug & ddy. van . de khong phdi chi it hinh-thuc
cia vdn_nghe-pham (tirc la ky"-thuat cua van-nghg Si)
ma con to va trzrirc Mt la d- phdn chat van nghe
phan tinh than cua van-nghe_pham, pha"n y th&c he
chfra dung, ti"gm tang trong vdn nghe-pham.
Tht du : Dzi chung rang hang hdi di to'i, van
chwtrngdai_chung-hoa phdi cd tinh than tie"n bq, tinh
chat tin phong tru ac he"t, 1ai phdi gidn di, de cam, de
IN cuo"n, thtc day dqi chdng tiegn t&i manh me them
(Trang 84-85)
Hinh-thirc phai gian-di, de hic'u, ve diem nay ti
hoan-toan ding y, Nhtrng not dung phai thich hap v&i
tinh than dai chung thi xin thti thtrc, toi chtra hieu ro.

a i Yen Bai chang han, dai chting da th}at lui ; ma may


nam gan day, dai chung Zr thanh> c{ing that 1i i ; phan

dong chi me nhirng thu thap kern, chi dcc nhEng truyen
kie"m hip thi nha van ding phai thich hq'p v&i tam trang
db tr ? E^ la chM h& cua Trieu ScvnLai nhtr Hoang Cong Khanh viet ba chtroeng de" ban
ve ky thuat va not dung. M&i du Ong bao

Ky thuat thgt quan trong. Nhtt'ng chi quan


trong cua n 1a de din clot ni dung , (Trang 45)
Roi Ong lai vie"t

Noi dung hay, ky thudt kern thl chi giam gia tri
di thoi. Vi nhw nw&c ngon, the ngpt dtrng vao cai bat
dan vdy. NO chi b&t ngon di phOn nao thai >,
(Trang 56)
D nhan ky thuat rat quan trong de dien dat not
dung thi it nhat cung phai vi npi dung v&i tra, ky thti t
v&i ntv&c de nau, nhw v3y m&i dung v&i sr ttrcrng quan
cua hai cai do ; chir vi ky thu4t v&i cai bat clan thi sai
lam: Cai bat dan, nu rira Bach, khong he lam cho ntr&c
b&t ngon, tru phi ngtr&i to ttr&ng tu'gng.
CM khac Ong tai vie"t :

96

NGHE vigr VAN

Ky thu(it d nfii dung ma ra. Ni dung vi nhw


than ngwiri. K.P thticit vi now bo quancio. Gici trf thtrc
At' dm mot ngwiri ddu phiii nhirng tit& deo vao con
ngirc i ( Trang 57 )
VA mtriri lAm hang sau, tac gia lai vi nixa :

Mpt duo qudn cling khOng khcic. Ccii quan h?


khOng phcii (3. nhii-rig defy phcio dai,khOngphcii a khau

VAN DE NGUYEN TAC

tin rang cai gi hap veri le phai, r5 rang thi khOng can
phai chirng minh nhieu, phan dOng se cam thly ma neu
c6 ke nao khOng cam thy thi ciIng kitting the bien
thuyet cho he cam duvc.
V5y tei xin d5t lai van
Nei dung va hinh thirc, cal nao quan trong ?
Hinh thirc hbi nay nen ra sao ?

sting ban mat philt 5000 phcit, ma chinh la con ngwiri


Erng canh phao dai va ngwiri ming khau sting ti bang

Nei dung nen ra sao ?

vao ma cia' Mn. Con ngtthi ay la noi dung ma phcio dai

Ted nh5n veri D5ng Thai Mai rang nei dung quy

cling sung Ong chi don thuan la kii" thuCit .


Treei &it I Phio dai va khau sung ban met phiit
5000 phit ma khOng quan he ? The thi My va Nga da
th5m ngu de b6 ra hang ti ti bac, che tao cac khi gi&i
meri 1 MOt tau thuyet gia ma khOng hieu tam ly tam
thtrerng nay la khi gi&i lam tang long can dam cita binh
S i tr ? Va NhAt thua My vira rOi chi do khi giai kern it ?

97

dinh hinh thirc, chic khOng phai hinh thirc quyet dinh
nei dung Le

ai cling hieu : phai c6 canh trtrerc mat,

tinh cam trong lOng, y tu4ng trong dau rOi mini nglar
tai viec phe dien va tim mOt bitt phip, nhang ti'eng
thich ding.
Nhtrng nOi v5y khOng phai la hlnh thirc khOng quan
trong, no cfing quan trong nhtr n6i dung. Co nhieu

R6i cuec doc han hai trang 1u5n thuyet cilia Ong, t8i

tien b0 ma phO din qua vung ve den noi ai rn6d doc

chAng biet Ong mu6n nOi gi, hic Ong bio hinh thirc rat

vai hang ciing da phai b6, thi nei dung c6 hay cOng ve,

quan trong, ltic Ong lai cho no chi CO cong dung to diem

ich : khOng co ngtrei doc, lam sao co ngtari cam ?

ma thed

Doc van hoc sir cac mr&c, to thy tir trtr&c tei nay
y
tic pbam nao duac luu truy en air g c6 gia tri ca e hinh
thin lan nei dung.

Teti van trong 1y thuyet. Ly thuyeCvach dtrey ng cho


host Ong. Nhtrng tea rat ghet ly Ihuytt dai deng va tei

Chi c6 dieu do la chic chan ; con nhtr mu6n chirng


minh rang nei dung hay hinh thirc, cai nao lA quart

NGHE VIET VAN

98

trong han thi toi cho 1a lam mot viec khong the dtrgc.
Cai d^ con ttty moi th&i, moi ngtr&i. Chang qua, khi
van trao qua duy my, cac van nhan chi chi-- trong d.e"n
hinh thtrc ma not dung hoa d6i bi thi co nhi ng ngtr&i
phan dong lai, de cao not dung 1en ; ngiroec lai, neu

'VAN DE NGUYEN TAC

99

T3ach Cur Di,T DEng Pha ; s7 Phap c^ Montaigne, Pascal


(3) song t&i thee' ky nay, m&i dtrac van nhan khap the
giai nhan 1a quan trong nhat, 1a can thiet nhat, trix vai
bon quai clan, 13p di nhtr bon da daft, bon sieu thurc,
ma tOi da nhac t&i trong cu6n Luyen vdn.

van trao tai dao n (z) den ctrc do, hinh th&c bi coi
thtrang thi lai co ngtr&i benh vtxc, ca tong no. Vay chu
a
trtroa ng hinh thtrc quan trong ho n not dung hay ngt.rgc
i i, deu Ia thy moi th&i va deu h[ u ich trong mot hoan
canh nao do, char khong the 1a than ly tuygt d6i dtxo'c.
Hinh thirc th&i nao cung phai dep, nhurng quan
niem v"e dep moi th&i mot thay di' Hoi xtra cac cu cho
d6i chink, din nhieu, cau ky, du dtrong la dep, va m&i
Wily chuc nam trtr&c, ngur&i ta con thich ngam nhfrng
cau ma ve tren co Manh, Lu , ve" dtxoi Hoa, Na (2) choi
nhau dom d6p Bay gi& thi chang rieng gi ntr&c ta,
khap the" gi&i du muon van phai binh di, ttr nhien
sang sua.
Da danh tir hi i xtra, nhirng d(rc vira ke da durgc
nhi"eu nh'a van benh vtxc ( & Trung Hoa co Dao Tiem,

.(I) Nghia Ia

Le a"y cung de hieu. Hi xtra -- nghia 1a ba the ky


trtro'c & Au chau va nira th"e ky trtr&c & phtrang Dong
nghe in cOn phoi thai, sach chat, chi mat s6 rat It
quy phai va phu hao m&i bie"t doc, mua dugc sach, nen
van chtreeng 1a xa xi pham cua mot hang ngu o'i nhan
nha ; ngay nay, ngh"e in phat dat, sach re, hang binh
dan du bie"t doc, van chtro'ng thanh nhu cu cua moi
ngtr&i, nha van khong vie"t cho mot s6 ngtro'i nua
trir mot vai trtrang he p rieng ma viet cho quang
di quan chung, thanh thin van phai sang sua, binh dj,
ttr nhien.
Van th&i nay cling phai thanh thtrc
Trong hau ban the ky 19, trtrbc nhirng canh bAt
tong ma hang can lao phai chiu, trtr&c nhirng chie"n da"u
manh liet cua ke ye"u de doi cho dtro'c mot cho dirng
dtr&i mat tr&i, cac nghe si thay long mirth rung dong

ch& dao ,,. Han hn chu Truo ng K van ate ch& dao
cung nhu bay gi& ta not de tuyen truye"n dao It de thong lai voi
ta phong duy my di So i) r^ -ng.

(2) Manh Dfrc Tsr Ciru (Montesquieu), Lu Thoa (Rousseau), Hoa


Thjnh 16n (Washington), Na Pha Luau (Napoleon).

^(3) Montaigne viet : r Giong ma toi u'a Ia giong binh dj va thank thtrc
not ra sao thi vit lam vay .
t
Pascal bao
Khi ngirai ta that' giong van tir nhien, ngtrai ta
v&a rat egac nhien, vira thich thu vi tutlrng gop mot tac gia thi Jai
gap mqt ngrr&i s.

NGHE VIET VAIN:

100

"VAN DE NGUYEN TAC

nhiing xtic cam mfri, da hang hai xay dung met 16i yam
mai : 16i ta chan (ding goi la hien thirc).

Sau het, ve n$i dung toi ttr&ng nha van th&i nao
ung phai phung sty cai Chan, cai

lam ta,.
sa le hoac bat ctreri thi can chi phai tim de tai thei
.
co hoac trong ttr&ng - ttrang ni?a, cir nhan xet O chungXi hei hang ngay day nhfrng truyen ly

quanh ta vai tam long thong cam, 161 ghi chep lad cho
dting la tim dtro:c con &rang se tai cua nhan loci vat lain
cam deng dtro. c ngtreri doc, huang dan dtryc quan chting..

101

my, cal Thien, CO

nhieu cach phung sir ba ly ttr&ng ay, song n6u chic


nhan xet & chung quanh va suy nghi, thi ta thay ngay
rang nhiem vu dau tien cua nha van ltic nay la vach
nhiing dau kh'e ctia nhan loci, nh&ng bat cong trong
xa benh vtyc ke yEu, an ke tigheo va thn cach
X3y dung met ttr&ng lai rtic r& ma tn6i ngt Cri hieu

L6i van to chat' ay can dim thanh thirc han ca.

nhau, hap tac vai nhau, khOng ai thfi an nhau, tra`nh

l thanh cong trong ngh?.Renan not rat dOng ((Sr

lianh nhau, b6c let nhau.

thucit hang bin hay van chtro'ng chi co m5i mot nguy^n...
nhdn la sir thanh thirc hoan toan.

phai chiu nhieu bat cOng, nen nhieu nha van hO

Quang dai quirt chting la nhfrng ke y'eu, ngheo,


tranh dau cho quang dai quan chting, dieu ay cO chi la ?

Met van si My hien dai khuyen ta Thin viet

Nhiem vu phung sty nhan dan ay tuy 16. n that, nhulig

ga thi cai dc; phcii din nhiing guy& tin chdn thank nhdt

ta cir tuy tai ltyc cua ta, lam dtryc phan nao thi lam,

bqn, neu khOng van bqn khOng co by vong s5ng.

man la luOn luOn co gang va dirng bao giir quell trong

A Gide, manh me han, qua quyet :


.

Cdi di g it khO rtheit khi ngu 54 ta da Mt dew viet,ler


thanh thirc ( ...) Hoan toan thanh ann.
Xin ban dirng hau tOi khOng khuyen ban.
khong dtryc ttr&ng ttryng dau ; ttr&ng tuyng van can
cho van chtrang, nhung ban phai thanh thtyc Ca trong
khi ttrerng ttryng, nghia /a clang sty thirc de ttr&ng
ttryng eel d'e lOng rung deng nhtr trtrOT met sty thlyc,
vay van ban mei quyen du dtryc dec gia,

trach.
Trong met bai clang tan tuan bao Thank nghi,
. Dinh Gia Trinh viet

Nha van, nha tho' viet mot tdc pliant ta nem vao
dai niza-ng tir tithng, tinh tinh, nhirng rung
&Ong. Trong cai be nguu i, nhirng tir tithng dd se
truy g nlan di, gqp sly tan thank ctia mot soo tam hOn xa
lq ; nhiing tinh tinh, nizirng rung dqng din td trong
thi ea ( . .) cling se lam thirc tinh dqy o lbng ngtrai
rthErngtinh tinh tuu ng tcy.

102

NGHE VIET VAN.

Nhfing tinh tinh do da thirc tinh, tit gay ra nhfing


hot ding de !al mat cal qua ve sau, cal qua dO lai lam
nhan cho nhang qui khic, nhtr v5y cho teri ve clang.
Trong khi hanh thing, trong khi viet, ta it khi nghi den,
cai qua cUa cOng viec ta lim, va anh htrO. ng cUa no co
the rat leen ma ta khOng ngee. khong phii la lY thuyet
dau, thtra ban. DO la sir thtrc.
Thi day, He Thich trong mot thien tUy but nhan
de la : Cii b5t hu cita x5 hOi, ke chuyen su6t dOi Ong
CHLYCYNG IV

chin anh htr&ng lit sau nay cUa Pham Tran, mot tic gii.
Trung Hoa sang trtr&c Ong mOt ngan sau tram nam :

TiM

Than d6i veri hinh nhtr sir sic ben d6i veri con dao ;.
chtra nghe not dao mat ma sic ben con, hi hinh mat
ma than cOn dtro.c

COng viec dau tien va quan trong nh5t ctia nha van
Anh lure. ng ctia van sau xa nhtr tray nen tOi nghi
trich nhiem cua nha van ding so: va khOng co nha

la tim y. Tim cach nao ? TOi xin 15y mat thi du cu the
Cho de hieu.

dam qua quyet rang ltrcrng tam hall toan trang tOi va
Chang ban chtIng ta muOn viet mOt cu6n sich ve

thi Wing hieu lam sao lai co nhiing ke hang hid cam
but de ca nggi nhung cal ti tien cita con ngtrei ho5c

ming nghiep b ntreec nha. Ban ding nhir tOi, chting ta

dung phep nguy bien de lam hoang mang ke khac.

chtra biet chit gi ve van de 5y vi chUng ta khOng lam


l
Canh nOng.
ruing, c ang khOng phai la nhan vien
ngei trong phOng ma nghi thi may lam vi'et not mir- ai

trang, ma dam chic khOng duvc trang nao c8 gil tri.


Nhirng neu ta ve ding ruing, xem xet cling viec
.
cay cay h a:6i no i, ghi cac d'ac diem ciia moi gi6ng

104

NGHE VIET VAN

cua moi thin dat, roi nghien ciru ve phan bon, Ong cu,
sirc sin xuat, cach de phong cac thien tai, trir cac loci
lam hi lua, ve viec trir lua, ban lua... ; ne"u ta lai doc
c'ac s'ach, bio v6 nghe nong & nrr&c minh va ntr&c ngtrai,
vira doc vira so s'anh, suy nghi, tim nhung nguyen nhan
ve str 1ac hau cua nong nghiep ntr&c nha cung nhfrng
giai phap d cai thien no ; sau cung ne"u ta lai dick than

ihcnh cOng, t6i dI chi nht ng cach nhAn xet, roc sach,
ti m va ghi tai lieu, & day chi xin nhac lai vi y chlnh.
Trong khi nh4n xet, phal c6

mot

chtrang trinh

xet nhfrng diem nao, diem no trtr&c, diem nao sau, de


khoi quen nhfrng chi tie"t nhieu khi quan tr9ng ; roi so
sanh, phan tich.
Nen tAp nhan xet moi ngay, bat ky vao ltic nao

thi nghiem nhCrng cai cach do, chep nhurng ke"t qua; tom

chang han nhtr khi di dtrang thi d'e y tai nhfrng cat:

lai, neu ta chiu lam ba cong viec nay: nhan xet, doc sach

ph6, nhfrng hang cay, hoc nhCrng ngtrai xuOi ngtrac.

va suy xet thi ta kh8ng thieu y nira ma co the vie"t


dtro c mot, hai cuo"n sach clay nhu ng tai lieu quy gia,

slung lam tai lieu vie"t sach. Nhieu ti"eu thuye"t gia then

nhirng y kin m&i me

-cach ay ; nhan vat trong cac truyen cua Gustave Flaubert

Co dieu gi la thi ve nha ghi vao mgt cuon so tay, sau

Guy de Maupassant, A Daudet, S, Maugharn,.. khong


Tai 1ai, ve mat van d du quen thuoc v&i ta, nhtr
d&i sting cua hoc sinh chang han, neu khong chiu lam

-do cac nha do hoan roan ttr&ng ttrang ra diu, du dtrac


tao nen nha skr nhan xet,

ba cling vigc ke tren, thi ta cung chang vi"et du^ac gi dc


sac, ngoai nhirng dieu ma moi ngur&i du bietV4y co tai lieu rai m&i co y, ma tai lieu a trong d&i
sting chung quanh ta va trong sach, Bo qua giai down
dau tien, can thiet cho moi ngur&i cam but la tim tai
lieu thi bat ky va"n cue nao d6i v&i ta cung se 1&n qua,
ngoai sire cua ta .

S. Maugham da chi cho tg bit cach latrn

vi0c cua

bng, Trong mot cuac du lich, Ong ghi vai net ve to t c6


dao, mqt cap va chong no va mot thieu nO nhi nhanh,
roi ong lap nen cot truyen sau nay
Ml t a giang ho ngoi may bay tir Honolulu cAng dap
xu6ng Pago v&i va chong mot ong mac sir' VI mat benh
truyen nhiem m&i phat, ho phai tam & lai not do.
Ong muc str mat sat a giang ho kich liet, tnu6n cho a

Trorg cac cuo"n Nghe thuat not trzro c cong chung,


Hieu nang, chdm ngOn cua nha doanh nghiep, Tir hoc de

xau ho, phai h6i han, bb nghe bat prang cua A. Ong lai
,tqc ac den mire yeu cau vi Th6ng dc cdao do duoi a ve

106

NGHE VIET VAN

TIM Y

lot

Honolulu. Nhung mot bubi sang kia, ngtreri ta bang:

truyen Pierre et Jean, Ong nhac lai lai khuyen ctia

tidy thay Ong, co hong bi cat : Ong da ti ttr, con a ttie

thay hoc Ong la Gustave Flaubert.

thi vui ve, ttr tin ban moi ngay. A ng6 cac ngtreri dark
Ong, khinh bi bac.

'roan 1a d6 heo

DO la cot truyen Mtra 3 ma chic nhieu ban dal


duo% doc.
Cach sang tic ceta Nhat Linh aing ttrang
Trong tnnt cunc pheing van ctia Nguyen Ngu
Ong not :

mat nhcln vat chinh trong Doan


T6i tali DOng
Tuyet sau khi doc mat tin Oa an ; mat nha ccich
mang bi xer day COn ado ; trong din anh cly co vii
`
diem hay hay,tOi lay anh lam matt de dirng Dan
Man vat nao czla tOi cling attic khai sinh
ngtriYi that cd Ma co Loan tau thuyet do mt wi cO.
Loan that sir ma nen D.
H. M. Robinson ding nhan rang Stephen Fermoyle
than vat chinh trong cunn The Cardinal dia. Ong la Ica
qua sty tong hap tat ea cac co dao ma Ong da biet.
Vay trong loaf tieu thuyet, can nhieu ttr&ng ttrryng
heat cac loci khic ma nhan xet van la ngunn croi ciao.
nh'at de kiem y thi co nha van nao ma be, qua dtroc
Ong viec ay ? Chinh nha tap nhan xet ma Guy de
Maupassant thanh mat van si dal tai. Trong bai tiara:

Milan din td cal gi thi phcii nhin Idu vao no va


chain chn fi tim claw mat trangthcii cda no ma chtra ai
thdy ho5c not ra. Trong mai vat, deu co mat cai gi
chtra ai kham phi vi Chung ta co thOi quen, khi dang
mat, chi nh to i nhirng dieu ma ngtriri trtr c del nghi
y
e vat N. Vat nhO nit& nao cling china mat chat la.
Phdi tim ra ccii la dy. Mu5n td mat non lt'ra
chcly ho0c mat g5c cdy trong ccinh dOng, ta phcii ngOi
trtr c ngon lira hoac g6c cdy d^ cho den khi thdy no
khOng can giiing mat ngon lera hoac g6c cdy nao khcic.
War dick do ma ta dac siic
( ...) Khi nao di ngang mat ngtriy i ban tap hOa
dtro . ng tigOi tr c ara hang hoac mat ngtra i gac cling
dang hnt Ong dien, anh hay cho tOi biet ngtreri bcin tap
hem vet ngtthi gac tong do ngOi ra sao, ngoai ra
sao, anh phdi l ra hinh anh sao cho tOi thay ccii be ngoai
dO china ca tam hOn ho, cho toi khong 1am 1c7an h9
mgt ngwiri ban tap h&c hok mot ngithi gcic cling khcic;
p
a khi di ngang mOt ben xe, chi clang 1W:A chit thOi, anh
phdi cho tc3i thely con nprak& xe nay khdc neim chuc
con ngva . di trira . c hock sau no 6' chcl. nao .
Bat ky nha van nao cling can tap nhan xet nhtr vay
de hi'eu

va nha nhang net dac-biet ciza in8i vat

I08

NGHE VIET VAN

'Tbi din ra trong tic pham vi thu4t m6 to la thuat du


ti n cua moi ngtr&i cam but.
Nhtrng nhan xet nhieu khi kh6ng d# ; c6 nhcrng
viec xay ra th&i trtr&c hoac & xa, lam sao nhin xet
dtrgc 7 Phi dQc sach. Doc sach con hai cai lqi nfa

TIM Y

1 09!

C( xuan nh4t tarn phiro'ng n ca mot tha nh nien Ta dtrp c


tcr.do do ngam khu rirng menh mOng cua van chucrng,
ngirng da"y mot chu.t, hai bong hoa nay, nghi kia mot
tat, nhin dung su6i no.
Augustin Thierry da to not vui cua Ong khi 6ng cam.

cua ngtr6 i khac lam nay ra nhirng y m&i trong du

cui tren nhixng cuon sach cua Thtr vin quoc gia Phap..

ta, va-nh& doc sach ma do' mat cling kie"m lai nhirng

Trong khi long nhu say me, tay ghi chip hoc

dieu ngtthi trtr&c d"a thy.


Flaubert n6i phai doc ba tram cu6n m&i vie"t diro c
rnQt cu6n. Al ma theo ong thrac ? Ta chi can nh& rang
l
cang dcc nhieu c ang
quy. Tuy nhien, trtr&c he"t phai
gi&i han van de cho ro rang de khoi lac trong cai rirng

lat nhirng trang sach, toi khong biet chut gi ve nhirng


viec xdy ra a chung quanh. Ban toi ngo"i Ian la"n chot
i

ng w

r"oi thira ngwb i, nhdn vien thw vin hoc nhring

ngtzo i to mb, di di lai Igi trong phong

?na

toi chdng

nghe the"y gi cd, chdng trong the y gi cd ; toi chi tha"y


hien len nhirng cdnh va ngu'o'i ma sack dd gpi lea trong

Bach.

-da"uoc.
Ta nn biet, du nghien ciru suot d&i cung kh6ng
sao kiem du he"t nhirng tai lieu, co, kim, dong, tay ve
mqt van de. Vey kie"m dirge nhirng sach nao, hay doc

Michelet, mot sir gia khac, giau ttro & ng ttrong han,,
da viet mot trang bat hu :

,nhirng sach d6 vA mot khi doc het rbi thi c6 the vie"t

Toi nh&n tha"y ngay rang trong sir tinh mich be"

ngay. T6i c6n mu6n khuyen ban phdi viet ngay nCra :

ngoai cua nhfrng phong dy (phong trong thw vin), ca

ne"u chtro'ng nao con thie"u tai lieu thi c& bo trang, sari

mot eir dong, mot tie"ng

sd them, chir de lau, ban se kh6ng thay ham viet va

the't. Nhirng

khi viet phi nghi@n circa lai tir du. Va 1ai c6 nhir the',

doi song lai. Nhirng gidy to' a"y khong phdi la gidy to'

gidy

xl xao

khong phdi la cda cof

to', nhil ng bang sac d do tir Ida, chi

sach da vie"t gan xong, chi con thie"u it chtro a ng, ban

ma la do'i song cua nhirng ngtrrri, nhirng tinh, nhirng

m&i thy can tim them tai lieu de viet n6t.

dan tgc. ?Id ^'i da"u la nhtt'ng gia tgc, nhirng thdi a"p day

Doc sach dee tim tai lieu 1a nhiI ng luc vui nhat crong
cling viec cua nha van; vui c6 phan khong kern cai vui

hay chwoa ng trong bui bgm, ken nai ngrxo'i ta nhac nho^
tai. Nhfrng tinh da not day, vin le chinh sack trung

NGFIL Vl g T VAN

110

'Tfm Y

trcrng tdp quy g n thdt vO 1y, lam chUng bi tieu diet.

Nhti ne to du ctIct cdc vua cho rang m6 ludt le Mai


ndy khOng x6a b6'tfure chang . (..) .1-1t
nlang
d6 Ong 'pa
chting bao vdy teic gid niu mot b6 d6i
tram ltrai ma tiing ndi Oa COng hba vaLie chi" dd tan
nhdn lam im
Thong thd
ccic Ong qua c^
xin ccic Ong tit cho tOi lam viec c6 tudn tux .
Tai Au, W, c6 nhixng sa tai lieu chuyen thu thap,
-phan tich, gia. gin tai lieu va sdn sang hverng clan cong
viec tim tei cita ban.
ntrac minh, tai lieu da thieu ma ban phai kiem

Meit thi nhan Trung Qu6c theri xtra, dtrang ng6i


.
trong nha xi, VOng tim dirge mot van tho , vOi kiern cach

ghi ngay len twang cho kh6i quer:, MOt thi nhan khic.
Ly Ha dey i Duang, lam lam deo mot ttii gam, he nghi
&vac cau fiat), chip ngay, 136 vao
Dwight L, Moody, mot nha thuyet gi^o not danh
Mc, m'ai Ian bra dtrcyc mot dau de nao thi viet len
mot bao thtr 16/n, r6i khi doc sach gap mOt tat lieu hap
.
v6 i dau hoac khi dao mat tim dtro c mot y, 6ng
chip ngay len mot mieng giay nhO, b6 vao bao Cur. Bao

thtr cUa Ong khac gi tUi gam cita Ly Ha ?

lay trong cac :


ttr

III

rOng thOng Lincoln khOng dung bao thu ma dUng


n6n.

nien giant; ter dieu trait,

thtr tich ky 1 .4c cua ngoai qugc (vi ta chwa c6

Nhtrng ghi vOi nhtr vay chi la de cho kh6i quen,

loai nay)

truac khi viet con phai chop lai kyr ItreYng triLi )"r, r6i
liya chon, sap d4t. Neu sach lA mct 1:10 khao ant quan

tap chi ph6 th6ng hoac chuyen mOn:

trong thi each tier han ca IA dung the ma t6i da chi


nhat bao,

vai kieu mau trong cu6n Tu loc de thanh ng.(t)

m0 chi, thtr tir aim ttr nhan, c6ng van, niu.c htc

Ban nen nha nhii . ng guy tAc sau nay khi via len

sach, chtrang trinh cic cuOc hOi hop, di tich


m9i loci cita tien nhan
Khi tim dtmc rn0t tai lieu hoac mot y nao thi ta
ghi lai li8n, dAda len glue:mg nam r6i cling phai day
.chip !nay vao mat migng giay.

the :
.
m6i the chi dtro c ghi nhirng y thuOc ve mat
dau de,

-- chi nen chip len mot mat the, mat kia de trAng

112

NGHE VIET VAN^^

TIM Y

11 3

phong sau c6 mudn them b&t, sira doi gi khong. Mot:

se bat be ve nhtrng diem nao de rao d# n trtr&c. Trach

the kh6ng du thi viet tie"p sang the khae.

chi tic pham cua ong chang bit ht I

nen ghi van tat ; ne"u phi chip ca mot doan


d'ai thi nen chip vao mot tap rieng, roi trong the ghi
dai y trong doan, cung s6 tap va s6 trang c6 doan a"y.

CO nhieu nha van mu6n to ra minh thong than


va tirang cir khac ngtr&i la han ngtr&i, c6 moi 6c 161 ra
nhirng y ngurgc d&i chAng ich gi cho nhan sink, H9 ra

khi trich me t down cua ai thi phi chip cho that

thtr vin litc ht sack nay de"n sach khac, trong hang

dung, ghi xuat xir, 1aong vao trong da"u ngoac kip de khi

thing, kiem nhirng tai lieu de chtrng minh rang pang

dpc lai, khoi lam v&i nhirng cau t6m tat hoc l&i phi

chinh phi trong Chinh phtz ngdm sinh trtr&ng & du, tiers

binh cttng cam ttr&ng cua ban,

chong a nor i nao, cur&i dtrac bao nam thi chong phai
di thu ; hoc S& Khanh quit ngtra truy phong luc nao,

Trurac khi chip vao the, ta nen lira ky moi y.

ti n ve phia nao. Thiic sinh tir bit Kieu de ve tharrt

Thtro'ng y nao m&i tim durac, ta cung cho la hay ; nira.

vo ca hi may gia, ngay ma"y thing may. Thuy Van

thing hoc mqt thing sau, binh tinh xet lai, ta m&i

sanh dtrgq c nhieucon hay khang .....

thy nhieu y kh8ng nen gi.


Trong mQt chtro ng tren, toi da n6i not dung quye"t

Roi ho cai nhau hang thing ve nhirng tiet.t

ti t

do,

djnh hinh thirc ma 1o i van th&i nay can nhat la thanh

ai cung ran khoe minh hoc ring, hi$u sau. Thtrc unng

thtrc, ro rang. Vay y nao chtra diruc minh bath thi bb

cam ^o nhan din qua.

di, y nao ban china tin chic cung b6 di, dirng thaw tic.
&
Nen kiem soat, tir phi binh va nho ban than ph8

binh khi mu6n phat bieu mot y kie"n hoei la. Darwin khi
son cu6n ($an ve nguon goc cac loci vat d^ bo ra miro&i
lam nam d''e tir chi trich ly thuyee't cua minh, down d6cgia

Nhtrng ghet nhat

lai

la nh&ng ke lap dj 149 dem

het ca tam tri ra co" chirng minh va gin co cal cho duct
rang Ho Xuan Htrang chang han, kh8ng phai la mot
ngtr&i that, ma van tho ky ten ba la cua cac thtr sinh &
Thing Long, hoac cua cac co gai qu@ Ni Due ; rang
truyen Kieu khOng phAi cua Nguyen Du vift ma ctia

(1) Da sira ch va, nhan de

di

la Ttr hoc, mOt nhu

cu c6, th&i do!,

toan the giai c"ap nong din Viet Nam th&i cu6i L6,dau

114

NGHL VIgT VAN

Nguyen. MOt la hang van si dO tin nhung dieu h9 vitt


thi chac chAn ia 119 loan 6c, hai la h9 chi coy lb di de
ta chit 3i tai h9 thi ta chi nen mim ctthi ma lieng hit
tic phlm cita h9 van sot ric.

CHU'CiNG V

V I IT
To! chi vlet de ngver i kh6c d9c 191

A. GIDE
Tai co cbn bl6t cach Ong viii t th6
n^o dau, chi an biel' t 6ng viet c6

lam tai cam Ong hay khang


A. MAUROIS
Doc sach, bao, thinh thoang ta gap nhilng cau nhtr :
Nha van vie't cu6n ay trong can sot .
Co'n sot day khOng phai la bi cam ho4c lam ciir ma

nhiet do trong minh tang len 39, 40 dO dau. Trong con


scat nghia IA trong khi hirng dich citing chit. fievre
trong tir ngfr fievre de la creation cila PhAp.
Khi hung tai, qua that la matt ch5y nhanh, don c5
dau, gan thai dtrang not len, trail hai n6ng nhtr

NGH)3 V1 .T VAI't+

t16

viET

bit du con scat nhg vay. Luc do ta suy nghi rat man
ti p, y thao thao bat tuyet ma lai cir theo y tuon ra,

Flaubert bat chap hirng, khi cay but khong chju din
,

ta hang h'ai vi9t mc^t hai hang chuc trang mot cach de.

:Ong bat no di, y nhtr mOt nong phtt bat Cott tract phs1
ti"en. Ong cam Maupassant not : Ltic nay, toi khong

ding, trcrn tru, khong may may tha"y met.

vie"t dtrgc gi ca. Du toi tro"ng rongn vA Ong bao : Ngay


mao cung dung gi& ngoi vao ban viet, the" la hirng-

Cong dtiug cua hirng quan trong nhtrvay nen nhieu.


nha van ran tim no, dung du cach de gai yen si phi li
thuan. Ho hoac ra bin, len nui de" ngam canh; hoac chap
tay sau ltrng, di di lai lai tren bai co nhtr ngtrb i khung
(ky cac I hinh nhtr co, the van dung thi de suy nghi); hoc
ngam anh my nhan treo tren ttrong, hoc nhin so ngtr&i_
chat trtr&c mat ; tir nang tien nu thuoc phien de"n
nang tien xanh rtrcru manh tir tiee'ng don tie"ng ca
cua cac co Hong, co Tuyee't de"n vi long vi ngot cua ca phe,.
tra tau, co rat nhieu thir da dtrgc van nhan, thi si dung
d''e m&i hirng t&i! Mai dtroec h&ng t&i da kho, giir dtrotc
no lau con kho ho n. Ngtr&i ta ke chuyen mu6n cho
hirng khoi mat, Balzac phai nhin an, nhin ngu, u6ng:
toan ca phe dam, cai ca giay, v&, gac chin len mot tam.
e luon hai mtrui b6n gi&..
d^ hoa lanh va cam co viet, vie't

Khong nhCrng vay, ong con mu6n diet h{rng

Ta phdi dee phong cal sir phdn kich ma ngrrai ta


goi la ht'rng, trong cto thiro r ng c^ nhieu cam xuc cua than
kinh hon la sirc cua bap thit. Chang hqn trong luc nay
day, toi thdy cao h&ng lam, tran toi Hong nhtr It a,
cdu cua toi tuon ra (...)$ang le c^ mot y thi tot Co de"n
sau, va doan nao can phdi din mot each birth di nhdt
thi toi tim ngay duo'c mat hinh anh, Toi chac chain la
c6 the vier t&i trtra ma khong they met, Nhtrng t6i
bie"t sir gid doi va n_hi ng lb i dqi dot cua 6c twang
tuo, ng. Cai gi cung phdi lam trong sir lgnh ling, mot
each cha"rn cham. Khi Louvel muon gift cong ttr&c
Berry, y u6tzg mot binh nw&c lua mach (I) va y dd
ddm trung.

Hirng giup ta duro e c nhieu that, song ta dirng nen

Thirc vay, hung nhj,eu khi gat ta. Ta s8i not theo
-_no, Chang suy nghi gi hit, tlr&ng y nao cling hay, l&i

ttr&ng rang hung can thie"t, thieu n6 thi khong vi"et


#trgc. Ngtr&i Phap not: aCir an di roi se tha"y ngon

nao cling dgp, chep ca len gia"y ; d6n luc binh tinh doc
lai m&i m&i thay phi xoa bo di gia nira. Cho nen khi

mieng. Toi cang co the not: (<Cir viet di roi hirn , se


,

t&i*. Thi si Baudelaire bao t cong viec hang ngay g ;.up Cho,
hung!) la nghia vay.

/1) Thir mr&c do c6 tinh-cach r5t mat.

118

NGFIL VIET VAN

nao ngOi but di de clang qua thi... nen coi chirng : phii
.

th5y kh6 khan, ma thing dtro c khO khan m&i la nghe:


thu4t.

C6 hai cach viet,

VIgT

119

trong quart cam va nhtr cd trong khi lai nha nhdn


tinh firm. E.Delacroix (I) mat hOm bao t8i : Ng4
thu4t la mot vat tan my, phis du t6i tzcii dung cu nao
ding khOng thich hcrp no, phtro ng tien nao cling
kluing du nhanh de ghi no . Vein chteo-ng cffng the', vay
rdi khOng chiu scr Bach, xOu : goch x6a Mtn rttil tam
gtro'ng tu- twnng di

Mert cach la nghi ti'rng don, trong bai trtreec tron


dau, sire cIrDa cling a trong dau, xong xuOi rOi
chep,
len gily. Ngtreri Trung Hoa g9i la phtic cao nghia
lam bin dap trong bong , D6 la cach ciia Alfred de Vi-

.
ra trong Oc rOi siva di siva lai, them doan nay, 136 t doan

guy. Trong tip Nhat ky cua 6ng c6 doan k"e :

khac, dio len data xu6ng, got Oita trong cau, Theo

Ngay va dim, cd trong gilic net, mgt


cuOtt sdch 13' trong tam linh COL Chip no l^n gidy tOi
thdy nhe nhang nht dircrc nghi ngoi hock nlu dttirc
chick mau ra (r)
TOi cc cdu tqo mgt cu gn sack ddit No to' cdu to,
lay. NO chin va nay nn trong dau tdi nhtr mgt trai cdy
Baudelaire bio cach dO mau han ca :

VA Ong chi trich cach viet ctla Balzac. Balzac he tint


duvc dau de nao la ngOi chep ngay tat ca nhirng 3't hien

Baudelaire, chinh vi khong chiu nghi chin trong 6c r6i


hay viet ma Balzac, van khOng gay gon, ti'eu thuy'et mat.
tinh cach nhat tri.
Nhtrng A. Gide lai benh vqc Balzac. Ong n6i ring
m64 dau Ong cling lam san cau trong dau, khi nao no
hoan wan rOi m&i chep ten giay ; nhtrng satt Ong thay
cach khOng tien bang cir narn lay khitc dau hoc
kink cuOi cau, citing can biet doan kia se ra sao, natn

Ngay nay phdi sdn xudt nhigu nen phdi


mau ; vdy net but nao cling phdi co kit qud, kitting.
milt net nao vO ich.

rOi keo thi cau se ra.

.1111116n di mau, phdi say nghi ldu tir trzr&c, pita,


ddt diu dau fi theo mirth, trong lac di cho , di tam,

lam mot bai thxy hoc viet mOt bai van ngin thi co the

(1) Th6 kq 18 va nhat la the' kir 17, y


phtrang Tay chtra tien, cac y si
thtrang dung ph6p chinh man de' chfra nhieu thin bnh. Khi m64.
chfch, bOh nhan thy c14 chiu citro . c mbt chttt.

Hai 16i viet dO thirc trai ngtrqc nhau. TOi ttrZyng


theo cach cita Baudelaire ; con neu sown mot tac phain

(1) MO hoa si.

120

if
` t

NGH. VI9TVAN

Khi vilit dl quen, thatn m5 d^ dung, thi chi can

dai ma suy nghi trtr&c cho that chin, khong d'e co mot

doc chum va 1&n tie"ng, cung thay ngay dtrryc 16i. Luc d^

net but nio v8 ich thi lau lam, chic khong mau nhtr ong

ta sira bang tai, Ta khong phan tich ntta, chi duttg trtrc

nay nghi

giac ma xet. Gustave Flaubert cir vi6t xong mot

don

Nhtrng d^ cung con tuy thSi quen cua tirng ngtr&i

jai ngirng, nem cay brit long ng$ng vdo cal main dung

Rieng toi, toi d3 theo A. Gide ma khong ng&.. WY

but roi dtra cao to' giay len, lay gigng doc. C'ac ctt ta h6i

cu6n du, t6i nghi san moi cau trong 6c, doc tham no

xtra binh van cung la de thtr&ng nhu ng cu hay va tltn


nhu ng doan d&-

tha"y xuoi tai roi m&i ngoi day chep ; nhtrng sau thay
nhtr v4y cling met, phai nh& tirng y, tirrig tieng va sira

Nhtrng dpc ngay sau khi vie"t, khong thay dtrVc ht


1oi. Nen do a i ldc hung da nguoi, ne"u c^ the dtro c, doi

trong tlau kh6ng tien bang sira tren giay ; nen tai thay
doi phur o'ng phap, nghi dtrgc y gi la chep ngay, de cu

luc ta gin nhtr d^ quen han dau de roi hay d9c lai, thi

the h6a ttr ttr&ng cho de trong thay roi sira china sau.

be ta m&i co the ttr xet van ta mot cach sang suo"t nhtr
xet van ngtro4.

Tat nhien toi phi t6n cong chep ban thao hai ba lan
m&i hoan thanh vi phai gach xoa, them bat nhieu, song

Nha van thtr&ng qua khoan hang, nhtrng cung co

tai nghi, khSng vi v4y ma lai kern gay gon, sach thieeu

khi qua nghiem khac v&i minh, mA khong bit"t gia tri

tinh cach nhat tri nhtr Baudelaire d^ bao. Nu sach tai


vie"t co hai tot ay la tai tai vung, chin khng phai tai

,c a mink: nhtr trtxang harp cua Lytton, nng khong ng&


r

phtro'ng phap lam viec.

ang tac pham Nhirng ngay cu6i cling cua thanh Porn-

pen) cua ong 1ai bat hu.


Vi vay, muon chic than, ta can phai hi y kie"n
ngtr&i khac.

Nhtr tai da not a mot chtro ng tren, bit ttr sira


van tirc la bier viet van.
Sira van bang ^c va bang tai. Sera bang ^c lA ap
diing nhCrng quy tic ve nghe thuat viet van de tim 16i
&
trong van ma chfra lai. Khi mo i vao nghe, ai cun; phai
dung den 1oi ay.

Thai co, cac van si La ma dzu doc tic pham cua


xtiinh trtr&c mot s6 d ng ban than de nh& hq ph e binh.
C

Cac van si Phdp a the ky 17 cling theo le db. Nhieu

van hao da cc mot ngrr&i ban than lam co" van: tai lam
^tho cua Racine cao horn tai cua Boileau ma Boileau

VIET
122

123

NGHE VIET VAN

Viet van ma din thing dtro:c het nhirng tinh earn,


khuyen 0, Racine nghe vay ; va khi Bouilhet chEt,
FIttubert met btrc thay VI lty- thuat viii van, than tic :

hoai bac) ttr ttrerng dta minh, thi la met not vui rat 116,n.
Nhieu nha van da ran phan tich cal vui Ay, La lung

Tei da chOn ythirc van chtrang, cal 6c va kim chi nam


etta tei, Chateaubriand tang nhan LuOn luen t6i tint

nhAt la nh&ng doan sau nay ma tic gia vi can vui sang

rang ngtrei khic xet va thy r6 han tOi.

tac vii can vui nhuc duc, met cai hoan toan thuec

ti

tinh than, met can thuec the xic,


Met trong nhfing hanh phitc quy nhAt cAa nha yam,
.
cO ta la tim dtre c met ngtr&i phe blnh thanh thirc va

thOng minh. Khi btrerc vao nghe cam btit, ban nen rant
ki m met ngtrOi c6 du hai dirt -ay.

Nhtrng xin ban dirng quen rang ngoai ch'6 than finial
y
ra, ch6& bat ngtthi khac lam hai cai cit hinh la phe
va sira van cho ban. Met thi si ma tOi quen, vigt xong

dtrac tap tha nao la Om di, tim nhfing ban

ca

ban da mtrO4 nam treri kheng gap nhau, gi ban thao,


vao tay ngtreri ta bat phai dee rei nira thing sau lai hOi
kien, c6 khi tai lui hai ba lan, nhlt dinh dOi nghe cho,
dtrcrc meri thOi. Ai ma ching khen, khen lay le ? Nhtr vayda thigu xa giao ma ding chang lgi gi cho nha tha ta
khen mien ctr&ng d6 c6 gia tri gi dau
vi nhang
Nhung xet ky thi Ong ta lam vay chi vi mu6n khoe
.

ham dtro c khen, the" thOi, chfr chang vi mu6n siva thavan gi ca.

A , de Vigny viet i

.Trong thdm-tam co cai gi marsh han cai do


(long ham dank) no lam cho tiii vigt, ttFc cai sung-sw&ng
say me khi co hamg, say me han cai vui xac thit trong
canh ray mot ngwai dan ba nhi gu
ldu bgit hwn.

.Khocii lac v g tam

G. Flaubert trong birc thtr cho Louise Colet me at


tinh to han

MO't dau d g de vier, ddi vo i MY cling niur mot ngwal


dan ba ma ta me vay ; khi nang sap chigu ta thi ta run
len viz ta ; mot not so' khoai chi, ta khOng
dam dOng tiri cai ma ta ham muon .
Ch'o khac, Ong lam cho ta hoing:
0 Co cai gi thiim they va cy .e ky khoai chi vot

trong ngwiri Lid ra thanh terng vol gap rut, nhw


hOn tai xuat tinh v y.

tam

Doc cau
cila met thi si bi

ai ma kh'Ong nh&

may van sau nay

gin nhtr dien, la Han Mac Tir "?.

NGHt VIET VAN

1-.124

Ta muon h6n trao ra dau ngpn but,


Miii lo a f tho' 1-t u dinh nao can ta,
Bao net chit quay cuong nhir m an vot,
Cho me man, chest die'ng cd lan da.
Cu' de ta nglft ngu'trong Wing huye"t,
Trai nie"m dau tren mdnh gi iy mong manh,
Dirng nam Lai nguon tho' ta dtroa ng sieet,
Ck long ai trong m& chilr rung rinh.
Toi kh6ng phi l' nghg si, khong hieu not not long
cua chtr vi ay, va t3i ng& rang h9 da ttr&ng ttrgng,khong
nhieu thi it.T6i thay cai vui sang tackhong rftng ran nhu?
v4y ma thanh thoat 1am. No khong pha chut chua xot
hoc khao khat nhtr c'ai vui dtroec gap my nhan ; no
kh6ng o at, hi hop, du gm chut vi ky nhtr cai vui thay
minh danh toai. No hoan toan trong Bach, d .y du vA
cao ca. Ta thay horn ta nhtr muon lang lang, bay bong
len thinh kh3ng, cho nen Ltr Khe da vi nhCrng phut
vui ay v&i nhfrng phut vui thoat tram)). (z)
Tuy nhien, vui van it ma kho van anhieu. H&ng t&i,
ta thay thich that nhtrng ta co dung moi c$ch de gifr
nb thi co the ta cung khong th'e chiu dtrng no durgc
1au, roi n6 cung r&i ta de mac ta lao tam got van, pho
y. Cho nen trir mot so ' nha van viet ctrc de dang ma
phan d6ng h9 khong thanh cong, con nhirng nha ltru
danh thien co thi du nhan viet van la mot cai no', met
han keo ciy : J.J. Rousseau thirc su6t dim de ngl': van
(1) rrich trong cuo"n tuyOn Van cua tic gig.

VIET

125

Buffon ctr viet dtrg q c mot ltic,thay n6ng daau,phai ngtrng,


di chai cho mat ngur&i roi ve vift tip ; Tine
he ngoi
vi6t hai ha gi& luon la dau cboang
y

ang, kh$ng con suy nghi tutee rif a, tinh than nhtr kiot
di.
Va day ta nghe Philippe Soupault than th& :
Khi ngu o a i to dem a"n cao lai cho toi sira (I) la not
dau kho > cua toi t&i. Toi cdt bat, keo dai,
deo, got roi xe

H.

Luc do la luc kho nhoc. Toi

bdo : Chan lam r"oi ! Khong muon viet tieu thuyee't


nfra ddun. Toi l,^i cat, Lai sOra, cot 1i bai. Toi vfe"t lai
cd cuo"n sdch trong co n dau khn
Tan tuy nhat v&i nghe, co le la

laubert. Trong
nhiing b&c thtr cho Louise Colet, luon luOn ta tha"y
giong ren ri nhtr mot ngtr&i bi ct.rc hinh :
Toi can rrrt, toi ngu , a ))gay kho chiu. TOu thuyit
cua toi kho vier qua)>
Lan khac
Truyen Bovary tie"n chdm mt tua"n dtro r c hai
trang
Toi da sii'a china, chip lai, thay di nhtrng
trang trong cu6n do (cuon Bovary) nhie"u t&i not
(1) Cac ky gii thurang vit vti len guy, diva cho "an cong sap ehir
roi mai sira tren an cao.

VIET

NGEIE VIET VAN

126

127

tai sao dOi khi ccinh tay tdi killing rung Wild than

Thdt kY di, ve van chu crng, tdc pham viet xoug


r6i, thi ta cat tinh hcin
nO. The phdm ma ta khOng

thi vi nu3i met, va khOng hieu sao dau tOi khOng


thrill
nit nghienra. Toi song mot dai khdc
&in ned' vui (3- ngoai....

mang ndng, khOng nuOi rang


dOi vo i ta hlnh
nha xa
Ban lanh
buOn chcin, gdn nla ghe
term sdch cua ban viet ra

My gib- trong vao hoa ca TOi khOng hieu

Hai ban thi si cita tOi ding nhan vay. 13ai thcr nao

Trong nheng hang 1y, chic Ong kh8ng nOi ngoa cho

mai lam xong ciing thich, thich han het ca nh

'Ong, ceng viEt :

dy ren rI, &in hen, quay cu6ng trong


thee
phi phi niu anh tho nhao bat vay;
khi
coi khangphai la mat nha van c'dm ccly Init era
.
ma giOng mat anh phu nee nhai m6 116i. Co in

Ong met thi chic xong chro c mot call, Ong thdy
yang mink xuOng ghe trong ky ma net
co- the rd
thiep di .

ng bat
Artrac : nhtrng chi it lau, roi lai dam ghat, khOng bun
What t&i nea.

vi chinh Maxime du Camp, khi chef) ky niem

Ong

C6 ngtreei khi viet xong mot tic pham la mu6n tong


no di li8n, mtain giao ngay cho nha xuat bin, lam,
: gi

thi vi he Um teeing thay no la cOn nhan them ra

dtrcyc mot vii tat cila nO, rOi Iii phii met Oc sira china,
xOa xOa, bOi bOi.
Loal vat, khi mai sanh con, cung nO, by sinh
tiie bac)

Kho nhtr vay, nen nha van nao m8i khi viet xong

ye

n6, nhtrng khi no da l&n, di du sirc d8 song

inOt tic pain ding dat but xueing, th& phao ra, khoan

:mot minh thi me con khong cOn chilt tinh gi vii nhau

khoii trong minh. NgtrOi ta bio tic phim la dira con

Tinh cua nha van d6i vii nheng diva con tinh than
cua minh phii nha vay thing ?

tinh than cila nha van. Chi ly thay ! phai holi thai no
hang thing, hang nam trong lac dO, di diu, lam viec
gi ciing nghi t&i nO, rOi khi de no ra thi vira khO ma viva

suing.

MA nghi k$, l e' 1y ciing tu. nhien. CO cat tinh nha


:

the nha van rthi sang tae them dtroc nea ; nEti c4- (leo
bang mai vii tic pham cu thi se coi di coi lai hoai, sira

Nhtrng tinh cua nha van d61 vii dira con tinh

tai sira lui hoai ma cai viec sira van, bit the nao IA

than CO hal la Anh em Goncourt viet trong tap Nhcit

:xong ? cai viec thtr&ng van, biet the nao la toan bich ?

kj, .

NGHE VIE,T VANS

128

V1ET

129

Xet ve viet van thi khong the quen van de ciao van.

I Igay 10-10-1841 t0' bao La Presse & Phap clang

o van c6 nhieu hinh thirc : trich daar mot bai hoc

truyen Le val funeste ( Thung lung bi tham) cua Cour.

mot doan ma nh$n lam cua minh, bat chtr&c bo circa

champs vi"et theo tai lieu Cagliostro. Courchamps la mot

cua ngtr&i d'e soan lai mot cu6n sach, miro n c6t truyen
de phbng tic, dich ma khong xin phep tic gia, du 1^.

ga lang bang da lam du nghe, ca nghe boi phbng- Tieu

dao van.

Mot to' bao khac to" cao rang y da c6p d ying mot ticu
thuye"t cua Potoki, nhan d"e 1a Alphonse Van Werden.

Ke nao cry y dao van se bi 1u t phap trirng tri nang,

thu) e"t y dang rat 1"ang man, nen dc gia rat hoan nghenh.

luon luon phai bbithtr&ng cho tic gia mot s6 tin, c&
khi rat 1&n. Ban chac chu a quen vii mot nha bao no to

&c, phan no lam, bao ke no ghen ti ma vu oan cho minh,

ti n trich long bai trong ttp Cdo Thom va vu mot hang

thai do d6 ti tieu va clang khinh bi.TO' bao kia thay the,

no thu thanh mot ban nhac ma chang xin phep nhac sT.

khong them cai lai, than nhien clang doan n6i va tir do
truyen Le val funeste dtrae ngtr&i ta gieu la Le vol

Ho du phai bi thtr&ng cho tic gia hang van bac.


Thai nao cung c6 nhirng vu dao van rat ly ky.

Tirc thi Courchamps circ lirc phan khang, to ve ua"t

funeste ( Dinh cap bi tham ).


Courchamps thtrc la g^i di gia mom

Ngtr&i ta ke chuyen nam 16o5, Cervantes xuat ban tap


q
dau bo Don Quichotte, dug c dc gia hoan nghenh nhigt

tang ma van con gin co ra cai, ttr&ng dau ngtr&i ta

liet va thuc gitic vie"t tip cho mau. Ong chira vie"t xong

khong trtr.ng bang c& ra dtro a c, khong ng& mot ky gia

thi & ti m sach d^ thay bay tap nhi bo Don Quichotte


roi. Thi ra c6 mot nha On no ganh ti sir thanh cong

cua to' bao kia c6 sin cu6n tieu thuyet d6 trorg tay,

cua Ong, hoi ha vie"t not de boi nho hai nhan v^it chinh
y
trong truyen mot caeh tan nhan. Ong vi ang viet cho
hit phan nhi va phan nay durgc hoan nghenh cbn hon
phan trtr&c. Thanh thir k^ no rnuo"n hai ong ma rot cuoc
lam cho danh sing cang not len nhtr con'
Can nhat c6 le" khng ai bang anh chang trong cah
chuyen dtr&i day,

>,

bi bat qua

Ta nen phan biet dao van va bat chu &c van. Bat
chit&c la mu u an y cua ngtr&i khac roi suy nghi them, xe"p
dat lai, dien mot each khac. Trong gi&i van nhan,
nga&i ta thtr&ng cong nhan y la cua chung, lai m&i la
cua rieng. Goethe, mot di van hao cua Dirc da n6i
Ngey nay chung to khong the nao con tim ra dtxo'c mot
tinh trang nao m&i me nira. Chung ta chi c6 the m&i
nu cho la m&io cai each th&c, cai nghe thuAt ph

NGHE Vig T VAN

131

din ma thOi. Tity Vien, nit thi hao dai Thanh ding

Bergerac, bi cam kh6ng dtrac Ngtrai dtro'ng thai


ai clang the Edmond Rostand. Bay gia th! chang con

130

nhan Mieng ta muOn not cai gl thi co nhan di n6i

ai trach ma lai khen Ong da co cOng nit O . mot tac pham


-tarn thtrerng ra mot danh tac. Nhtr vay ce phai la mau

rOi, tay ta muOn viet cai gi thi co nhan da viet rOi .

Lai ctia Goethe khOng theri dai me:P thi

thtta'n khOng chit ? Van

.
luOn luOn c6 nhiing tinh trang mbi chit ! Nhtrng qua

CO tac gia muto'n mot cOt truyen (3'e' bac mot Juan

nhtr Htr Chu d5 bac) : o ( ..) nett ban khOng phai la mot

de trong truyen do. Ban con nher vu an o CO giao

vi nhan thi het thay nhfing di8u co tht cO trong Oc

Minh hOi tien chien ? Nhat Linh viet cuOn Doan Tuyet
d'8 chit
cat dirt nhang lien lac veri dai gia dinh.

ban (...)d8u da cO va dang co trong mOt 13O 6c nao khac,


cho nen t6i da thay sty intrcrn y hoc trang y di xay ra

Nguy&n COng Hoan dicing lai chit trvc ng dO, xay dung

rat thtrerng.
Machiavel rntro n Plutarque ; Shakespeare
dich nhi'eu cau ctia Montaigne ; Moliere, V. Hugo,
Nguyen Du... deu (la mu n y ctta ngtrai xtra ma Van la
Ngtreri ta can khuyen
nhang thi hao, van hao bat
ai dam bac) cic
chting ta nen hoc each mtrom van
nhirng thien tai do nfra.
vi ay la dao van ?
Tuy nhien khi intro . n van, ban nen nher di8u nay
la mtlyn ciaa ngtrai xtra thi khOng dang trach, can
muvn cua me,a nha van dtrang theri thi van bi thien ha

the bal.
Edmond Rostand rnOt nha soan kich dai tai cita
.
tac gia nhang v6 Aiglon, Chantecler intro n y trong
va Ong hoeing Icii buOn CornevalectIa mot ngtrai throng
theri la Eberly Gross ma trtthc tic v& Cyrano de Bergerac.
Gross ben di kien, Edmond. Rostand thua, v& Cyrano de

dao van ciing rac ral that 1

.mot truyen khac gieing Doan Tuyet, tirc truyen Co gido


Minh a khuyen dOc gia rang hai th e' he Cu va co
.
th 8
sting . .;hung veri nhan dtro. c va khOng - nen down tuyet
y
,

eti dai gia dinh. Tty ltyc van doan thay the, cOng kich

Ong IA dao van. VO ly qui I

WIET

1 33

Toi khong bitt ong chu but nq trinh bay bai bao
cua 8ng ta sao, nhtrng tai bitt van sr not danh ma
-vie"t nhtr ma lem. Chang han Honor e de $alzac, mot
,

thien tai lam ve vang cho nixirc Phap, ngoAy tit tren ban
;giap, dtra cho an cong sap chit, va vo mot ban cho Ong;
ong sira ngay tren ban d6 r61 ling cho the sap lai,
v6 lai rui dwa ong aira tai, nhtr v4y hi ba 1$n, (i) ma
Zan nao tho, cung th& dai, lac dau vi Ong vift da xau,

CHUGNG VI

alai b6i m6c nhieu qua de"n nai an cao thanh mot
h a bola, chang chit nhirng net doc, net ngang, net xoa,
net ngoac, b2 n nam ng r&i thg xum

TRINI-I - BAY TAC - PHAM

lai

d9c, toat mo

4ioi, lanh ca ngtr&i ma khOng ai dam dem lai h6i ong,


-sq Ong not can 16i dinh cua Ong len.

Trong muc Hp thtr, ong chi but mot to tuan bao>

Toi chtra c6 dip coi ban thao cua Duo Trinh Nhat

nq da nhan cac ban van g&i bai dang, dai y nhtr vay

:nhtrng thi con girt mat birc thin cua Ong g&i cho t&i

Xin cac ban nh& ky cho : vi"et tren mot mat giay,,

:khoang root nam trtr&c khi Ong mat: Ong viet thau quit

khong can de 1e, song phai viet r5 rang, dung chanh t ,


sr cho ky ltr&rig. Mt nha On ma trinh bay tic:

= Chong thanh chit, toi chi cOn down chit l h8ng d9c noi,
Thu r cho mot ngu&i la tOi chtra tirng gap mot 611g--

pham cau tha khong the la mot cay but c6 gia tri.

ina con vAy thi ban thao dtra cho thq in tat ra sao

Ro rang la thai do mQt birc huynh trir&ng tren van:

Nhi ng nha d6, ai ma dam ngay nga h9 ? Co khi


,

dan.
Doc xong, toi mim ctr&i, nh6, lai l&i cac btrc sir phtr.

ngirO i ta lai than phuc la khac, than phttc rang vier than

nhtr v4y m6,i 1a buc tai hoa I

ray chung toi hi nho


,

Chit vie"t nhtr ga b&i the kia thi tao truyen d&i
cho may, sau nay khong sao mo & mat dtrac, nghe chtra ?na

(I) O' ntr&c ta khong In tong nao chju nhu' vay vA hion nay (1968)
ihieu nhii in khong cho tac gia se r a I i an co nira vt kh o ng c6 nguvi d^

^c ai vat

134

.NGHL VIET VAN;

Thi ra dei, he lip

TRINH BAY 'LAC PHAM

e IA bi mAng oan. Teti kheing.

ea' e3i giong clan anh ctia Ong chit blit not tren, song
tOi nhen bAi hoc cea Ong rat nen theo.
Doc met cudn sach cita My day each viet bio, tOi
cang thay nha van ntreec mink chtra biet chti trong den:
each trinh bay bin thao. DU IA viet met bai de clang hao,
dAi nam, sau trang, ngtrei My cling trinh bay cemg phut

O Au, My, nhA van nao cfing biet dinh may

dau, tron bAi CO bao nhieu

bao nhieu hinh ;

trong thi trang nao cling dinh may rat sach, nh&ng

vi

rat it bin thio chip tay. 6" ntrac tninh thi hau het cac
nha van phii viet tay.

It nhat phii c6 hai bin va muert

khi chip hai Ian, ban nen xen met to giay than (nen
lira thin giay than de viet, dirng dUng thir de &nit
may) vao gifia hai tee giay meng et:A dung met ngei via
cirng ma viet hai manh tay.

ngoai la cai bia, tren do c6 ghi nhan de, ten tic gii,
g&i cho bio nao, each tri tin ra sao, tai lieu lay 6.-

139

Neu danh may thi ran kiem cho dtrac met cal may
danh tieng Viet, de sau khi phii lam them met viee
rat chin la be d'au. Dinh it nhat Ia ba bin : met bin gitft
lai, hai bin g&i cho di hien: duy'et hoac nha xuat bin

deu st'ra rat ky ltr&ng ; m3i down c6 tit, tit dung lgi

neu ho chin mua (1) KhOng can de le, nhtrng each hang

ch0 rieng, hinh di drip lai c6 chit thich ; can ve phtrang

nen thtra, de sau de sira chfra them 1361.

dien chinh ti thi khei n6i, c6 le khip the gi&i chi co


cai ntrOt b6n ngan nam van hien dm chimg ta la chirt
phan mtreri nhA van bat chip chinh ti ma thei.

Chi nen viet hoc danh tren met mat gigy th8i
nha in c6 the cat m3i

giay lam nhieu manh va giao

cho nhieu tha sap cho mau N6i rieng ve nhfrng tic
TrInh bay can then bin thio nhtr the cie nhieu cal
lqi :

pham thuec loci bien khio thi ta can phii trinh bay ky
ltrO-ng. Nen c6 met bai ttra cho biet :
muc dich khi vieet sich de.

trtrirc h'et, tea bao hoec nha xuat bin de


cam firth ngay vii tic pli'arn.

tic gii dirng ve phvang dien nao ma nghien ciru?


sach ich lai ra sao ?

der ten a-1g cho alla in va cho ca tic gii trong


trtreng hap Vic giA siia lay an cio.
cOng viec an boat &vac nhtr

sach ce nhikng phan nao quan trong ?

va nha vey gii.

tri cuen sach hoc bai bit) c6 the tang len.

(1)

Ne'u goi cho nha xuat bin doc thi chi Can eri rn4t bin theii.

NGHE VIET VAN

136

T RINH BAY TAC PHAM

Nen ding nhirng ch& l&n, nh9 viee't bang mtrc

U37

* Khi trich dAn mot down di cua ai thl nn xin

khac mau de phan bit nhCrng chtro ng va down cho thou

phep tic gia vA chi ro xuat xtr nhtr :

sip chic de thy.

Trich trong Nho gido cua Tran trong Kim, cu6n t,

* Khi can chit thich thi danh s6 roi gach mot hang,

( Tan Viet Saigon 1953)

chep tai s6 do & dtr&i dtr&ng gach roi bien l&i chu thich

Neu chip Joan do bang mot loi ch^ khac hoc lui
vAo do mot phan cho dc gia de nhan.

bang mot loi chit rieng (ch& nghieng chang hen) bien
xong lai gach mot dir&ng nfra, nhtr du&i day :

Ngtr&i Au . My thtrang dung nhrrng chrr vii t tAt

,
Nhirng bai tho trong Kinh Thi lam trong d&i

Ibid

nba chu (the" ky XII den the ky thir VI trtr&c cong

nghia 1A clang trong cuon do,

Op. cit. nghia IA trong cuon da dan.

nguyen) va chia lam ba loai : phong, nha, tong. (i)

Chung ta co thee' ding nhCrng chit gan nhtr c6 tinh


each quoc to ay, song toi van muon d"e nghi nhCrng chir
^'sau nay:

(1) Co tac gid chia lam hai logi : phong va


nha Phong Ik c a binh dan : nhd (g6m cd tung)
la cua qu) toc.

Ccd : clang cuon do.


Cdd : cuon da dan.

Qudc pho g. Qu6c nghia la ntr&c : nha Cnu va

cac ntr&c chtr hau Phong nghia la gio, y not bai

Rat nen chu trong de"n chinh ta, b5 du cho dung vA


-re rang. Thay co (i) cua ta it ngirai rAnh chinh to ; nen

hat cam ngtrb'i ta nhtr gio lay dong cac vat.

to kl:ong the bat chtr&c A.

Trinh bAy nhtr vay co lai 1a tho sap chit khi gap
loan & girra hai gach ngang, nh& chira ngay it hang it
cue i trang d'e sap l&i chi thich, kh3ng mac cai 1oi sap

rance, nha ho sira gium

chanh to cho ta di oyc.

Ian chu thich vAo trang sau vi thieu cho. Tuy nhien an

Kho sach phai tuy tirng loci : mot cuon tieu thuyet,

cong nu'&c minh chu ra quen 1oi trinh bAy do, vay ban
phai giang cho ho mot vAi lan de ho hieu, nu khong, ho

mot cu6n k'iao ciru ve khoa hoc, mot ctton ttr din, kho
T

co the sap lai chi thich vAo giira trang

a'(1)

Ng roi chuyen sra 5n cao, tieng Phap la correcteur,


tha t' co.

ta

quen g 9 i IA

NGHE VIET VAN

138

tat khic nhau, Sach

TRINH BAY TAG PHAM

139

Co nhieu co chi? (1) tit . nhilng co nhO li ti

khO nen nhO; sich day, ho5c

nhtr co 3, den nhilng co l&n bang qua trirng ga nhtr co

in chit c& Jan, khO phai l&n.

138
Nha in Au my khOng dung tic, Oar; de chi khI5
sich ma dung nhiing tiing trong nghe nhtr Colombier in

Co la chieu day ciia mieng chi dile chg Co 3 nghia

16 Ban nen hau nhfing danh tir chuyen mon y : Mit

IA mieng chi day ba cham, co 138 la mieng chi day 138

t& gily in nett de nguyen khOng xep I4i thi la in piano,

cham, mOi chant bang khoing mot phan ba li (om000376)

nett xep hai nhtr to nhat bac) thi la in - folio, x'ep lam

Nlifing co thtrerng dung nhlt la tit' 6 tai

b6n la in-4 0 , lam tam la in-8 0 , lam rntrey i sau la in


16 ; kho nhO nlilt la in.: 32.

Co 6 day khoing

12.

li 3

Co 8 day khoang 3 li

Gi5y in c6 nhiett khO. Nhfing khO thtreeng dung la:

Co To day khoang 3 li 8

Colombier, tirc Mat; gily in bac), mot chieu 63.

Co 12 day khoing 4 li rtr&i

flat:A chieu 90 phan, viet tat IA 63 x 9o.

Co 6 dung de in nhiing chi; thich & cutil trang ;

Grand Jesus

co 8 va co 10 de in nhang chi? thir&ng ; co z2 de" in

: 56 x 76

nhang tit nhO.

: 5o x 6o

Cavalier

46 X 62

KhO in-8 0 thtr&ng dung d'e in cac sich hoc tap,


chi khoa hoc ; kh8 in-16

in tieu thuyet

KhO in-i6 ma dUng gi5y Raisin thi mot chieu

Dtreri day la 4 hang in bang nhang chit' co khic


nhau :
Co 6

Bong khufing nho Binh nhtr

co 8

Nhir nog kv ng6 vOi deri chAn (Ti.

ngtdri

viing co rnoc xanh ri,

phan rtr&i, nit chieu 15 phan ; con dung gi'ay Grand

Co to

Jesus thi la 14 X 19. Nhtr cu6n ban dtrang dcc nay in

co 12 ntrOt ngelm trong vat th6y gi raa dau

bang gily khO Jesus 56 X 76 ; nha in cat dOi cho chay


may in nhO dtrof c thanh hai ter 56 X 38, mOi t& nay lai
Op lam tarn t& nhO 14 X x9 ; in xong,

thtreyng dung nh5t & ntr&c to la:

cat rOi, khi5 sach

dm 13 X x8, 5. V5y kito sich la Jesus in-16, vi mOi t&16. n gap thanh 16 to nhO

* Mating I6i

(1) Tigng Ph^p la corps, co the djch la khO' chic chro . c, nhir'ng art.
cOng da goi quen la 0 co

NGHE V1ET VAN

140

Romain, 16i nay co din nha"t,

TRINH BAY TAC PRAM

VIET.

Cheltenham ma nhirng chir b, I, h.. cao han


nhirng 16i chic khac.
Europe, net du nhau, kh6ng net nao 1&n,
khong net nao nh6, nhtr chic danh may
Ngoai ra con rat nhieu 1oi chic de in cac tit 1&n
nhtr : Astree, Antique serree, Compacte noire, Eros
eclaire, Pharaon blanc, Atlas, Guilfort.

N iM

t4I

Chambnrd gran c 16

VIET.-NAM
.

Chambord gran c 24-

VIET - NAM(

Cham6or

gras c. 36)
Li ch& nghieng thtr&ng dilng de in bai ttra, ten,
sich va nhirng doan van trich din. No co mttc Bich lam
dc gii chii y t&i.

Ban co the xin cac hang dtic chic nhirng tap kieu
chir cua ho.

L6i chic map con dap v'o mat ta hon 16i chfr
nghieng, khong nn dung no nhieu trong mnt

Moi 16i chir co hai the': dirng va nghieng : ngtrai ta

Ii phan bit chfr hoa va chfr thtr&ng, chic Sm va chic


. 4p. Coi bang dtr&i clay, ban se nhan thy ro ngay.

doan

van,.

no chi hgp vo-i nhCrng tit nho ; con tit 16n thi ngtr&i to
thtr&ng dung chfr hoa.
Khi chep tay hoc danh may ban thao, muon chi:
cho th7 in sap the chir nao, ban co the dung cong tr&c

Cheltenham dfrng

Cheltenham thtr&ng
Europe 6m

cheltenham nghieng.
CHELTENHAM HOA

Europe

VET NAM
171iE 1 T
VET
I
NAM

%tEI AM :

sau nay:

mop'

gach dtr&i hai net la sap chic hoa nho

( Chambord Gras x )

\I (Initiale large c.

gach dtr&i mat net la sap chtu1 nghie ng

12

- gach dtr&i ba net la sap chC hoa I& ti


gach dtr&i bon net la sa p c htF hoa lan va nghieng

( Europe demi gras c.16)

hoc viet chrr hoa lo'n roi gach dtr&i mot netnhtr

t.

NGUYLN DU

Antique serree

C.

24)

ve mot net ltiron ltrgn & dtro'i la sap chfr m4p,

14 2

NGHL VIET VAN

ve hai net Itryn Itryn a chr i la sap chic hoa map

OWNOWNWAl

ba neultryn Itro'n & dtxeri la sap chit' hoa


map va 16.n
chim chim mot dir&ng du.Ori
sap chit. thtra ra.
Nhtrng, an cong cita ta it ngtr&i thu6c nhiing cong
tr&c d6, trir hai cOng tr&c (tau, cho nen ban chua ra 18
gilyd chi r5 16i chfr ban muOn dung thi tin hon.

:TRiNH BAY TAC PHAM

143

Tdi khen cu Le van X. ltda ra tOi khi gn


cu Le van X ( ...) ; trong tin Gt -ne-v^, Ong Phan!
Van flung nghi : hai ct6i phircrng haw se' khOng
trd thO nizi'rng ngtrai nghich ctia minh thi lai h6a
ra : hai dOi pluro ng hi'ra se trd this nhieng
nghich cda minh nghe lanh cd xtro ng song ba con.
(...) Ay la chtra ke cdnh PhO Tan (r) bi
in nham day . gieo tai rde va ma thanhgieo tay rac clq
thi hoi c^ nghe ( 2) cho Pita Tan khang, ay ta phtic bay
deri, ccic Ong nha in chtra nh^nt gleo tay ra gain ttly
co ngay (kr& vq cho PhO Tan cong chtra co bret chirng,

Sira an cao la cong vi8c chin nhat cita nha van, chin

Nha van nao ma di' chang c6 lin mat ngd vi


1'6i in tay treri nhtr vay ? Dao Duy Anh mtiOn phat

ma vin phai lam kir' ItrO . ng, neu kitting, tic pham c6 the'

khOc vi an cong cita nha Le van Tan, va hai anti ban tOi,

mat nhieu gii tri.

moi khi tic phiim meXi in xong, coi lai thi benh dau
gan lai mtain tai phit. Btrc minh qui di

Trong mot to tun bio xuat ban gin day, mot nha
van no, chic di nhi sett I5n byc minh vi bi in sai yarn,
-"am irc bao c6 khi tfrc chit

MuOn With du . ac mOt phin flat) chi tn6t ph5n


nao thOi nhirng 16i do thi dick than to phai sira lai
an cao rbi m&i cho phep in.

ba con lai
a... VI rang van tho bi in sal
ctr tird-ng ta nha van viit rbi ba con, ;that la
ba con thing nghqp cer cheri la ..ngu. Oi l That
la oan ho t oan ba Thi Kink. Ay la chtra ke, chi
ul bi in sai van ma tir trirerc din nay del c6
vi str sai kia lam
hngloi gid xu.Ot nira thi
ciao nguvc ca fl ter trong cciu trong bai.

Phai dcc

an

cao rat ley ltr ng, doe nhtr tri em tap

d^nh van vay, neu khOng, se khOng thay loi vi ai ciing


-co tat : mat da quen thay chit. ra sao thi luOn luOn
thay no nhtr vay ca nhang khi no in sai.
(I) Tic gia doan d6.
'(2) Tres W), in /a nghe.

144

NGHE VIET VAIN TRINH BAY TAC PHAM

Phi chu y nhtr vAy c^ khi ca gi& de s&a sau, bay


trang giay, chi la denh mot chat la c6 the b^ sot nhirng
1i lam ta an h4n.

Tuy nhien, diz s&a ky t&i dau, sach ban cung van
can 16i. Nguyen do la str so e sot cua nha in : con mot vai
1oi lat vat, kh$ng no bat nha in dtra an cao cho ban coi
tai lan nfra, ban din ho si a lay trtr&c khi cho len may
and ho quen kh6ng sira ; ding co khi ho s&a nhirng nem
chir kh6ng chdt, may chay lam y ang chCr ra ngoai, in ra
mcri thy thieu chfr ; chir chung thanh chic hung hoc

145

Cu chuyen do thanh mot giai thoai trong king


xua"t-ban
Loai nguo i nhtr vay. Chung ta da kh6ng hoan-town
thi lam sao cong viec cua chung ta hoan-toan dtrprc ?
B&i the", moi khi nghe mot Ong ban ndo tuyen-bo" rang
d^ khong lam gi thi thbi, lam thi phai lam cho hoantoan, toi chi mim-ctthi ma nh& ti cau chuygn in Thanhkinh ay*

0
Khi s&a an-cao, ban nen then nhCrng cong-tro'c
dtr&i day :

chun.

Nhtrng nguyen do chinh la sir vo y cua loci ngiro&i,


Ngtr&i ta ke chuyen mot nha xuat ban no &Phap nhat
dlnh in mot cu6n sach khong co loi. Ong lira cu6n Thanh
kinh. Sap xong trang nao ong dtra ba they co coi lei, sira
cho het loi rbi dem mot ban den & cira, yeu cu bat ky
nhan vien nao di qua sung ngirng lei dqc va chi cho
nhirng loi in.Cong viec lam dau mot nam mEri xong, khi
sach dem ban, Ong tuyen bo tren bao chi rang doc gia
nao l ro'm dtrgc 16i thi xin cho ng hay, ong se thtr&ng
moi l6i mat tram quan tin y ang. Mot tuan le sau, mot
dc gia vieet thtr vach ra mot lei rat lan ; trong cai tit
dau mot chtrong no, chfr BIBLE (Thanh kinh) d^ in
is BILBE.

Mu6n chi rang mot the da in chfr hoa phai in


chfr thtrong thi gach mot gach nghieng tir phai qua
trai, tren chic do, nhir :
Van-hham .= van-pham.
Mu6n chi rang mot s6 phai sap ca chfr thi ve"
mot vong chung-quanh s6 do, nhtr
0 cai ban = nam cai ban.
-- Ngtrac 1ai, mu6n chi rang mot s6 nao sap ca
chic phAi sap bang chic s6 thi ding dAnh mot vong
chung quanh nhtr:
cao CJ thu&c cao 3 thtr&c.
Mu6n them chC thi ve mot chit V ngtrQc roi
viet them len hang tren, nhir :

NGHE VItT VAN

146

bac)
chi A anh dieu d6
chi bao anh dieu do.
Datt :7 chi rang phai sip lien nhau thanh chi?,
nhtr :
chau thanh To"kyo
D'au I chi ring phai,
thanh Balle

chau thanh Tokyo,


sap

r&i ra, nhtr :

thanh Ba le.

PI-IAN T110' BA

MuOn them mat dau cham thi danh dau X nhtr:


HOi IC T T D
xxx

HOi K. T. T. D.

Mu6n dao chit dtthi len tren hoac chic tren


xu6ng dtreri thi dung cai mOc, nhtr :
chitng t8i jr ding r chting tOi dOng
- Dau mot doanonuein in lui vao thi dAng dau
nhtr :

j Co nhieu loci tiett thuyet.


Mu6n in hang dtthi tip ngay vao chiic cuOi
hang tren thi dUng cal mOc dai s nhtr :
Cu6n sach ay tOi kiem kh5ng dtr?.c.
Anh c6 thi cho damn.

roi ban
Ngt.rai thg dOng gigy ch6c than (anh
dugc tin cc:mg ; con ngtrai vtet mgt
cugn sOch hogc mgt vet kith thi khOng
boo gi g ch g c chO'n dtrgc dieu gi ca.
MARMONTEL
Viet van kheng phai la ty. Igm cho
minh mac c6 mg tong khOng ph61 lb
thr ong dau vat sy lanh dgm.
P. VALtRY

IRAN CHO NHA BAO VA NHA XUAT BAN

149

giao keo do, nu ta phi chju thi8t moi be, phi by sinh
cho 1y ttrang, phi s6ng va bat vq con song trong canh
-thie"u th6n, thi cang khong dtr ct c keu ca gi ca, va cai d&I
cua ta cam bang nhtr da b^ di.
Toi cung nhan nhtr ban rang nu vq con eo eo &
CH

den tai

r
C NG I

Minh, sang nay ba chu nha lai ddi ti n pho" day.

BAN CHO NHA BAO

Minh, chay dtroc dong nao chtra, chiu nay ht


_g
o day,
go

VA NHA XUAT BAN

Ba, ^^ con rich, di hoc chung ban kieu ngao qua.

Ba, ong D6c nhac dong tin hoc ba Ian r6i.


Xin cau chuc cho ban viet mot c6Ch
kh6 khan, b6n mot c6ch de dbng.
Ch. Braibant..
Doc nhan d"e ehtro e ng nay, chic c6 ban cau may, biu:

mai :
Cho viet van la mat nghe, da la qua roi, lai con..
trang trgri chi each ban van, nhtr ban tom, ban ca ni"ea t

..... thi ban ding ran ma dirng nghe, va ccr than nhien
,tra ciru cho ky ltr&r g, de`o got cho can thin, khong du'oc
-vi cai na cam ao, vi cai lay the noa ma viet cau tha de
:die"m tin, lam xau ho cho eay but.
Thtra ban, toi nhan nhtr v ^y, nhu'ng khong chiu
-nhan rang he lam nghe vie"t van la khong dime not den
-van de tin bac va toi bun rau khi tha"y

nhurng nha

'
Thtra ban, ban- mang, toi xin chiu nhirng van
mong ban hay doc het chtrung nay va hai chtrceng sau,

de may ra ban se khoan hong to t chu.t v&i toi chang ?


Toi cling nhan nhtr ban rang khi da ltra nghe cam.
but la mac nhien d^ k rrmot giao keo v&i xa hq: ; theca:

van vi do i thieu to chirc hoc vi kh& dai, de. dai ma ttr


dem than lam conbo sfira nuoi ke khac. Banco nh& chang
Choi tin chin, mot so" van nhan nha nghe va co danh,
:thurang da chiu ban dirt mot tic pham la"y ba chic dong
`bac. Tic pham do in lan dau ba ngan cuo"n va ban ba
iao m6t cuo"n, tinh ra quyen tic

gia dtrge khoang ba

150 NGHE VIET VAN

BAN CHO NHA BAO VA NHA XUAT BAN

phan tram. Te mat qua! Nhtx vay vq con lam sao khong
doi va tic ph'am cua cac ban van khic kh6ng bi
tra re ? Va nhtr vay thi cong nau hay tt i day : ti v&i vo,
con ho va doan the van nhan
Toi ttrcng nhiirng nha van tai tir, vie"t mot hai cuon.
de tieu khien, dir chi cau danh ch r khong cau lgi, cung
nen nghi d"en lo'i chung cua cac ngtr&i cam but, dirng
by sinh cai lgi cua minh qua ma vo tinh lam hai..

ngtr&i khac Con c6 nhirng ngtr&i ban dirt mot tic pham
chi d''e dtrgc vai chuc ban giiy tot tang anh em, ban be
thi tat nhien con nhang nha xuat ban cho rang quyen.
tic gia dtrg q c 5 % da 1a qua nhieu roi.

nha van c6 1y ttr&ng va kinh nghiem, nhtrng 1o'i Ong


con thie"u nghia, can phai n6i theni : ... ban mqt cach
de dang va dung gia 1

bit Tolstoi da nOi : Nghi rang trong chin.


nam nay, tic pham cua toi cdem ban di de 1ay tin, toi;
x
bun qua, buon nhat tren dai u. Nht ng toi ttr hoi n'eeu.
van hao do khong dtrgc sinh trong mot gia dinh qui
phai, dtrgc htr&ng mot di san l&n lao, ma phai lam dv
mo hoi m&i kiem du an nhtr Maxime Gorki thi Ong con
c6 the thot dtrgg c nhfrng 10i do nira khong ? Ong an
han khOng vi cai vi8c ban tic pham ma vi cai le da dur
an roi ma con kiem them hoi.
Tom lai quan niem cua toi 13 nha van phai bit"t c6
r
1uc by sinh cho ly twang, nhu ng luon luon phai bao ve,,
benh vu'c quyen lqi cua minh. Mu6n vay phai bit ban
van. Ch. Braibant chuc Lac nha van tre tuoi viet mgt cacla
kho khan va ban me t cach d8 dang )t. Ong thtrc la mot
T6i vAn

151

Ban co the ban tic pham cho nha bao va nha xua"t
ban
i)ieu quan trong nha"t, ban phai nh& ky : tac pham
co gia in t&i ma"y ma khong nham tri trtrang thi cling khoug
ban du'o'c. Viet may ma dery ban tren mien sun ctrt7c
tat phai "e ; van cung vay, mot bai khao ciru ve co sir
Trung Hoa ma ban cho mot t6 , bao chuyen thong tin thi
saa khoi bi ling vao gio giay ?
V iy nria van nao cung can bie"t ro chi trtrung ctta
he"t thay cac t& bao va cac nha xua"t ban quan trong trong
ntr&c, nghia la bit ro thi trtr&ng van chtrong ciia narohc
minh. Le ay tin nhien qua, ma toi chac mtr6,i nha van
chtra co dtro'c mot nha nghi t&i, chi vi cac nha ayP
trrirng rang viet xong la du va quen lion cong viec thir
nhi, rat quan trong, tirc cling viec ban van. (T)
Cac

van nhan nha nghe & Au, My can than 1arn,


lap cho moi to bao va m6i nha xuat ban c6 danh .mot
cai the tren d6 ghi

(I) Siu nam t nrac, mot nha xuat ban bao toi ; . ong khong bieel
ban van ca ong Cang say nghi, toi Lang nhaa bai hoc do quf gia.

'ZAN CHO NHA MO VA NHA XUAT BAN

NGHE V1tT VAN

152

ra, vi^n try but nao ding co thg coi la theta cttryc.
Ngu co mot vien try bat nao b(3 tact soan, khOng vigt
giap nira thi dpc gici cling chdng hay gi ca ,

dia chi tea son hoc nha xuat bin,

chit truing cita m8i nha,


ntaing loci bai h9 clang hoc nhang loci sich

151

Va lai, tai to bio thtr&ng IA m8i ngay nh4n hang

h 9 xuat bin,
tinh each nhirng bli hoc sich do.

chitc bai dit cic loci, nhieu nialt la the" va truyen ngAn
cita cic nha van tre tu8i veri nhang biro thin ckrc It3/

ten cic nha van thtrerng Ong tic vii cic nha

nhan nhan, le phep, yeu cau, /tan ni xin ding bai


minh nghe not co nha lai sin sang den cOng

bao, sich cita m8i nha bin chay hay khOng

ngai chit but neu ngai chiu ding gitip nhtr vly

trung binh

Dieu quan trong thin nhi la ban phii bit


TOi se dAnh

thi phai la hang ingtrOi gAnh y ang di d8 song Ng8

tin nhu(in but va quyentdc gid la bao nhieu.

aneri be ti^n ra rnua bai cila ban, nhat IA !chi ban chtra

rieng mot chtrolig de xet quyen tic gia, dtr&i day hay

co ten tai tree van elan.

xin ban qua ve tam ly cic nha laic) va nha xuat ban.

6. ben ta, chi trong nhang truing hqp d4c biet


:lam, chAng han sip ra s6 T'et, cic nha bao meri chit*
tri o them bai, song mot ngtreri mua thi Ca chuc ngtthi

Tam 1)" chung cua cac nha bao la khOng mua bai caa

va luOn ItiOn ngtrieei ta mua cita nhang cay bdt c6


,

ngtrai
Ho mua lam gi ? VA can gi phAi mua ? Diu the kSr,
3. Prevost da viet :
Anh ngn bigt mgt tba bdo khOng can phcii co

mot try but moi tir bcio rraii ngay nhdn dcryc khocing
g
la det tin
7, o.000 chef' caa cdc hang thong tin. Th
nghe cling
.
tire, rOi Nlpt vi^n tlur kf, lba sown remit
g
co th lam nen .Minh 7npt ter bao. Trong ccic tba bao,
.cl ang mat nha birth but chi - la 7qt srr xa xi

danh hoc cita nhtrng anh em ky giA. V4y tram phan,

IhOng co mot phan chic la bai chting ta dirgc mua dau.


Ma neu dtryc mua thi 119 trA chting ta bao nhieu ?
_Ban con nhb khOng ? T8i xin nhAc lai : rn8i trang ba
.chuc hang, m8i hang trung binh intrei chting ta
&lac lanh khoAng ba chuc &Ong. Do la Welt thuyet
TiZu thuyet ngan gii cao halt va van nghi 1u4n ha horn
:mot chtit. Tha thi dtro . c gii hart, la c6 nhia, song ciing
lily trung tic gia ma cao ha khOng chirng.

NGHE VI9T VANii

[S4

VA chung ta phai de:p long ttr ai di, de ho muen sira.


chfra, them L,&t b3i cua ch6ng ta ra sao tay y.

BAN CHO NHA BAO VA NHA XUAT BAN

155

Du 1a Ly Bach hay Nguyen Du tai sinh cung khong


dam ttr nh4n van minh toan bich, hu6ng hb bqn pham

Ho n6i c6 ly Iam : Chung toi & trong nghe m&i_.

nhan chung ta. Vay ban chi con c6 vi4c d6 mit ma rut
dui

bier dtrgc th&i nay con nhieu ten uhuya ga"p mtr&i hi

Thai xtra da c6 hang quan phigt, hang tai phiit,

atra, ng vie"t mot eau. Esphatn huyi, ma khong cho chung


toi sira thi tam sao toi dam clang? Doi hoi y kin ong

th&i n5y lai them hang van phigt iAra. Phi4t nao clang

bai se mat tinh each th&i str cua no di, nhat as ma cong

cho chung tOi phai thtr di thu ve Va lai, bao viet cho clay

hieu : Minh cau ho hay ho cu minh? (x)

chi ng doc, nu bai Ong co nhung ti g ng co, khong hip.


th&i, dc gia khng thich thi bao ban cho ai ? Chang.

ghe nhu nhau ca. Nhtrng xet ky thai da ciia hg clang d!


Tam 1y nha xuat ban c6 khac chut nao chang ? D
dap cau hoi nay ti xin nhac den bai Chung c>itcn cua

h.an trong mot ljch sir tieu thuye't ve dai Le Ong vie"t :
eC6 tieng tr6ng & mot don canh,a thi chung toi van biet
rang hai tieng don canh hap v&i th&i d6, nhtrng khOng-

John Galsworthy, mot bai ma ai da mu6n 1kra nghe cam


but, khong the bo qua. Giong hai htr&c vA thu i vi, y
chua cay ma tham they. Toi xin trich ra day vai don d$
ban thcrang thurc :

hoo p vdri th&i nay, dai da so dc gia khang thich v'a nhzt
dinh 6ng phai de chung t8i sira la bot g^ c. n

Mt chang thanh nien ten 1a Ha-ri.son ttr thy


minh
minh c6 tai van chiro'ng, trong hai nam viet dtr c mtr&i

Nhur voy, ban tra l&i ra sao bay gi& ?


CO khi chang can vi mot nguyen nhin gi ca, ho c&viec sira, do to cho banthayring van cua ban viet chira.
asacha d'e cho ngcrs i khac thy rang ho there ding lam _
chti but roi nu ban phan doi m6.t each on ton, thi hoe
se n6i mia

Neu anh qua quyet rangyvan anh toan bich roi thi
in anh cirvieet len bai hai chic acam siraa 1a chung toil.
kh6ng dam sira niraa.

truyen ngAn roi g&i de"n mot nha xua"t ban:


K1t ngay sau, nha xudt bdn trd-lo'i rdng ne"u chang
chju tra cho y mot s6 tin bo"i thrxang hose hoa hdng
(1) To c:hl biet co mot nba cam btit dime nha bao cau hap tac, hi
dlrmc mot so tien kha l&n, la 'Tan-Da. Hi An-Nam tap chi
m&i dinh ban, Tan -13a vao Saigon, djnh xu6ng Vinh Long muan
mot s6 tin de" ve 13ac tra nha in, thi mot h6m gnp Diop vun Ky &
du vng Catinat, Di ep van Ky t& tru-&c chi nghe dank thi s1, Ian do mai
bi"et mat, ma khi hay thi-si du'ong t ing tien, tang ngay hai tram dung
de' thi si ve Ha Noi tra no s roi thu xeep vao Saigon i t gi^ip t& b5o Ong
chi tnrang, Tan Da diem nhien cam ddt tui, chang can lam giay bi@n
nhaa gi ca, va sau giii du'ac lvi hira,

NGHE VIET VAN

-156

- nao 116 va chiu hit tat ca nhirng phi to'n v"e lin bat th3
_ y chiu mao hi em xudt ban nhirng truyen ngdn 116 cho. Ha-rir
so n vui ve nhin nhirng dieu kin a"y, t r nghi phcii cho cong

ckung bit cong trinh cua mink ngay m&i thr rc, khong nen

chaan chir, va chang trd to i nha xudt bhn Nha xudt ban
gOri cho Chang mat ton tinh tin in va mat ban giao ken. Hari-son nhdn dtro c, girl mot chi phieeu cho y. Y voi yang
hooi dm, rat l phep khuyen chang chiu them mot so' Lien nira
'.clle qudng cao vi dieu d6 co l ri cho Chang. Cai dd thi Ha-ri
son hfeu lam, flea Chang gai them cho y m6t chi phis"a nira_
Giira nhirng nguiri t - te' v&i nhau, ai lai ndi chuyen tien

nong kin char !n


Tap truyen ra mat doc gia, dtrgc vai ngtriri
khen vi tinh' Va Chang hang hai vier ngay mot truyen
dai, g&i cho nha xuat bin, yeu can tinh tien tic gii cho
Chang

La"n nay y tra liri tre ho-n, nOt rang theo y= kie"n
y thl cu6n thin nha"t hi -a hen nhieu con cuOOn nay
khong disc dating vai stir hua hen ay (...) va dO c6
mao hiem xudt b; n neu chang chiu he"t phi tn an
b at thi cung phai tinh trw6-c nhnr la sack kho ban
lam. Ay la y khong dirng vao dia vi nha xudt bean ma
x't dd"y.

Long Ha-ri-so-n khong he chuyen va Chang trd lai


ra,egkhung chiu teen on loat. Tfrc the nha xuOt ban gin

BAN CHO NHA BAO VA NHA XUAT BAN

157

lai ban cdo, bolo theo y kie"n y thi chang da lam ro"i
ma y (nha xudt ban) lily digu do lam bua"n ldim vi ti
trw6, c t&i nay, giira hai ngu'iri, tinh van than mat,.
trd

Chang ben g&i ban cao cho mat nha xuat ban khac
nha nay chiu tra tin tic gii, nhurng chi khi nao bin
thrac m&i tra, va rOt cu6c cu6n thir nhi chAng mang ve
cho Chang mot so tien nao ca.
E)o la tam ly nha xuat ban ben Anh. Con ben mirth
thi d^ c^ Ho Hiru Tirang pho by trong mat down van
mia mai khong km

Cac ngai chwa doc mot tac pham nao ky ten cua
toi, cac ngai chwa gap tren mr t bko mot bai ludn nao
cua toi... Lei dy no i cac nha xudt ban truc lqi. Ito
chi muo"n cho ra tac pham cua nhsrng dai vtn hao: dqi
thi si, dai hoc gid. DO may ltrg, t, HUAN PHONG nay
mang ban thdo de"n ho. Ho khong can doc trong d6 co g},
ho chi thay qua"n ^o toi khong sang trong, bo tich
161 co ve que mua, nhdt la ho thay cai ten HUAN
PHONG cua toi khong phdi la ten cua mot dqi van hao
dai thi si, dai hoc gid. Da r"oi, tae pham cua toi
la khong hay, in ra ban khong chqy, 1 0 von
Co mot anh con nhin toi vo'i mpt cal nhln
thuo'ng hqi, toi hieu rang anh ay do"ng y vo n i vpr tOi, baa
tOi vee ca"m cay, hoa may cung dtro c cau nha"t nghe tinh.
nha"t than vinhn... Ho lam lo , (i).
(1) Phtrong dong so 4.4.54.

NGECE,' Vitt' VAN

'158

Nha xuat ban ilk) ding chi xuat ban nhirng sich d8
bin dm cic cay viet co ten tubi, cOn tic pham nao khO
khan hoac do met nha van chtra co danh viet ra thi nhat
dinh chei tir : ai ma khOng viy, thtra ban ? Xuat ban
sich ctia ngtr^i la buOn bin ma buOn bin thi, nhtr
Bang da n6i, phai xep x6 cai chuyen lam Yiec theo 13,
ttremg laiD, keo chat nhan rang ra thi cem ai ma phung
str van h6a nira. Nei cho cOng bang, ding ce, met s6
ngtrOi quyet lam viec theo lY twang day, song 119 lai
ngheo, ra duct it cu6n la h'et vein .

141 co mot bon ham danh rat nhieu tien, nhtrng


chang hi8u gi ve van nghe ca, bi met bon cai thau rut ria
het ma lam tr6 ctriri cho thien ha.
Nhieu khi, nha xuat ban khOng dinh dtrctc dting
tri dia met tic piOim quy nen khOng mua.
Ai khOng biet Milton, met thi hao btrc nhat the gi64
Ong cam cui chin ram mei vi'et xong cuen Paradis perdu,

met tic pham b5t hu ma tim hoai, khOng nha ink chiu
xuat ban. Mai sau mini co met nha chiu tra Ong ba tram

43AN CHO NHA BAO VA. NHA XUAT BAN

15t

Nir van si Pearl Buck, g&i tac pham datt tay cho mgt
nha xu5t ban O. My ; ngtrei to tra lai ban cao, vOri cau
Chung tOi khOng thich tac phm ve Trurg queic. Ay
tray ma chinh nhirng tac pilaw ve "Tung quOi c ay sau d6
da lam cho ba noi danh khap the git5. i va dtmc glai
thtreyng Nobel
Fabre, mot nha ttx nhien hoc co tam 115n thi si lam
v'e y ang cho ntrerc tim mai rn&i, dtivc mot nha
xuat ban chiu in be Souvenirs entomologiques cua Ong
ma khOng bat Ong ... tra tien !
Marcel Proust hei dati c ng bi nha Nouvelle
Revue francaise h5t phai tty bet tien ra cho nha
Bernard Grasset in bO A la recherche du temps perdu
cua minh ; sau nha Leon Daudet ctrc ltrc khen ngi,

Ong dttvc noi tieng va nha Nouvelle Revue francaise

den xin

nan ni Ong nhttyng ban quyen cho.

Mgt nha xuat ban IO-n a Phil) nhtr nha mtran


nhung ngtreri chuyen mein d9c ban cao de" quyet dinh
nen mita hay khOng ma con lam lan nhtr vlay, n5i chi cat
nha xu5t ban cita minh I

quan ban thir ttrerng tu ng cOng lao chin nam ma ba

tram quan va ht:ra chi tra khi nao tai ban dtrqc kia
Tei righiep, 6hgchtra kip dtrqc lanh 56 tien htraay thi

Sau khi g6' . i ban cao tai nha xtt5t ban, ban phai

cOn con chiu nha xuat ban thi htr&ng met s6

dcri tir mot tai sati . thang mai dtro'c ket qua. NeEu h9

"z15

164 y e ctiOn dO la nira trieu quan !

.khOng mua thi 119 phii tra lai bin cao cho ban (nha bac)

,BAN CHO NHA BAO V A NHA XUA T BA N 161

NGHE VIET VArst

160

Goncourt & Phap lam lai cho nha van dtrgc khoang tri^u
bac va lo'j cho nha xuat ban gap hai, gap ba s6 d6.

trii tai, co quyen kh6ng g&i tri nhixng bai khong dang)Neu mua, hq se ky v&i ban mot t& giao keo ma toi sir:.
xet ky trong chirang sau. T& giao keo nay dinh quyen.

Cho nen moi khi thay mot tic pham nao c6 the dtr

t: c gia, sich bane thi nh'a xuat ban chiu lo, chay thi

thi dtrgc thi nba xua"t ban ctrng tic gia va cting, tim
nhirng 16-i phe binh c6 danh, nh& gi&i thi^u kheo leo

nha xuat ban dtrdc l&i, D6 la theo nguyen tic, trong.


thtrc t"e c6 hcti khac.

IF

trgn bao chi, roi dat nha van tip xuc v&i nh3n vat
nay, nhan vat no, nha"t la v&i csc ba c6 inh hirang t&i

la tham cua cac ong Han, c6 khi lai nggt ngao khuyen
nha van b& bo't doan nay, vie"t them doan khac cho

Co le tir co chi kim m&i c6 mot nha xuat ban la


nha- Charpentier rong rai v&i nha van t&i not khi thay
tieu they"et Fromont Jeune et Risler aine cua A. Daudet

dep long cac nhan vat d6 nilra.

ban chay qua, thi xe ngay t& giao keo cu ma lam lai

T&i ngay bo tham, canh ttrang trong cac Han lam

mot t& khic c6 lo-i gap bon cho tic gia. Con phan dong
thi neu s'ach ban e, ngtr&i ta xin rut quyen tic gia

vier, khor,g khac chi tren trtror,g dua : va nha van nao
diroc giai thtr&ng thi that la con str&ng hcrn con sgira

xu6ng, hoc xin tra tr6, lam nhieu ky, trai lai sach ban

ve du mu6n gi nha xua"t ban cu"ng xin chieu ht,

chay thi cir theo Chung giao keo ma thi hanh. Nhtr v$y
la dirng din 1m roi day CO ke con bat nha van chiu
chtrc nam Ian bay ltrat ma van khong cbju tra, co ke lai
doi nh5t Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot trong nha, nuoi
cho map roi bat viet, vi"et that nhieu, m8i ngay du du
mot s6 trang nhat dinh, y

nhtr

Chung ta nuoi ga mii

de lay trirng vay ! Vi cong ich ma !


Y nubi nha

On

nhtr nu6i ga d6 kh6ng dtroc ai

theo, nhtrng cach san s6c nha van nhtr san sbc ngtra
dua th&i nay rat thinh hanh & Au M.
Tai moi ntr&c van minh, moi nam co hang chuc
Tai
giai thtr&ng van chtrong ma nhieu giai nhtr gia:


'b' GIAO KEO NHU O'NG BAN QUY N

163

r.ua cac nha van phtrang Eong tir th- ky xg tr& v^


trtr&c, va chung ta m&i bie"t ve quyen tic gia do nam
chic ram nay, trong khi quyen ay xuat hi?n & Au chau
F

tir khi nghe in thinh hanh, nghia la khoang ba, bo"n

<the ky.
Trtr&c

CHIPO'NG I

ong nguyen, tai La ma tlaa c6 nhieu tiem

sach, song khi dem ban cao giao cho mot tiem, nha van
da chang dtrac lanh mot'so ti n nao ca ma con mat

l uon quyen sr hCru ve tic pham cua minh, vi tic pham

TO GIAO KEO

-eta hoan town thanh ca cong, ai muon phong, cop cung

dtrgc, lust le khong h"e ngan cam. Tinh trang ay y nhtr

NHU'CGNG BAN QUYEN

a phncrng Dong ta hi xira.


T&i the" ky a6, tai Phap co Simon Marion bat dau

Tbc gia mot cu6n s6ch hoan to3n


lam chu cuon db.

benh vtrc nha van, Ong tuyen b6 c Tac gia mot cuon
sach hoan toan lain chu cuon do .

Simon Marion (1586)

Tho'i ay, quan niem do con m&i me qua, cho nen


Co ng t.r&i bao khong ai benh vtrc quyen lgi cua

khong ai cho Marion la co ly va nha vua van benh vtrc

minh manh m"e bang nha van. LO i ay ap dung vao van

cac tiem sach, lam thiet thoi cho nha van. Van nhan

nhan Au, My thi ddng ; vao van nhan ntro c ta thi

thtrong ban dirt tic phaan lay mot s6 tien nhat Binh,

mtr&i lan sai tai chin, vi mu ai nguro i may lam dtrgc

nha xuat ban sau co tai b< n bao nhieu lan nua ciing
khong phai tra them quyeri tac gia.

mQt ngtr&i hi eu ro quyen lgi cua minh.


Nguyen

nhan

tai tie, cho vie" t van

mkt

phan la

khSng phai

do

la

ta

co

mk t

nlxieu

nha van

nghe O' d"a

cuon nay, t6i da n6i quan nigm ay la quan niem Chung

Tai the ky r8, quyen tac gia clang khong dircrc


trong ho n. Mot nha xuat ban no tir do in mot tac pham
ca Voltaire, Chang can xin phep gi ca, chi nhan tic gia

NGHE. VIET VANS

164

trong may hang in 6 . trang nu, dal( y rang: Tic pharrk,


do ich lqi cho dai chting nen y in lai, va chic Voltaire..
kitting trich y vi y co cong lam cho nhieu ngtrati
thtr6. ng thirc van dm Ong. Cai cau nhan d6 nghe
ng9t ngao lam sao ! Nhtrng khOng r'6 Voltaire co biet.
diett ma- cam

y chang ?

CIAO KEO NHUCYNG BAN QTJYtN

165

nam 1793 tar di, meri c6 11115 . ng sac lenh dinh rang
,quyen tic gia dtrqc keo dai t&i 5o nam sau khi tic gia
chet. DO IA met btrO. c tien ding mirng, nhtrng cic van
nhan Phip chtra dtrac th6a man, cho nen cu6i the 14
trtr&c, h9 hop nhau thanh hOi, lap nhieu du. an de quy
dinh luat le y e t& giao keo xuat ban rbi trinh cho chinh
phit chap thuan. Tuy nhien chtra dtr an nao dtrac chuan

Merl cacti day vii nam, nhan vix melt to nhat bac),
.

tt tien trich ding bai 6 tap Cdo Thom via HO


T tretng, mot nhau ngOn luan 1oi dai Salem clang:
dUng cai gi9ng ngay tho ay trach nha van ho HO
khOng biet an nha bio truyen ba. giitm nhirng bat
cua minh, can dai kin la dao van nth.. Ho HO qua daz
khOng biet. by sinh cho van hOa 1

.y va hien nay ngtreri ta van con dung met kieu mau giao
.keo do mot nhOrn vira nha xuat ban vira nha van th6a
7thuan
nhau ma lap ra nam 1917

Trtrerc khi xet mau giao keo dO, chting ta nen biet
,qua ve cic kieu giao keo thtrerng dung tir trtrerc Uri nay.

Nam 1777, vua Louis XVI ra mot chi du thu !rep,


quyen lai ctia nha xuat ban va cho nha van nhang,
.
quyen 19 i v8 han, dtro c phep in lay tic pharn cita mirth.

Giao keo nhu ng trot' quy'^n. Cach thirc nay 19i


cho nha van ch'6 co the lanh ngay dtrac met s6 tient
quan trong. ^" Au chau, cach ay chi dUng khi nao nha

rbi bin lay.

xuat ban dat cho nha van viet mot cuO'n sach theo nhting
Tirc thi cac nha xuat ban nhao nhao len phin d6i,
con phe van nhan thi nam tay nhau benh vtrc quyen 1941
ctaa minh. Hang hii nhat la Balzac. Ong hO hao dOi.

quyen tic gia phai duck vinh vien, bao rang dien mOt.
kich ma khOng xin phep tic gia thi ding nhtr an
y
mot cach trio tran vat quy nhat cua ngtri i ta

cap.

Nhtrng r5t cuec, phe van nhan cling van thta, chi
du bi bai b6 va phai den sau cuOc dai cach mang Phip,

chi thi da dinh tru. O. c ntr&c ta, cach ay rat thinh


hanh vi nhieu nha van thieu den, ho4:: khOng biet r5
quyen lcyi cita mirth, nha xuat ban bat sao h9 cling chili.
Giao keo nha ng quy g n Cach thirc nay hcrp ly,
ciang binh hon. Nha xuat ban co quyen xuat ban sich
cua ban trong mot th&i gian nhat dinh nao d6, va phai

.tra tien cho tic gia tit' 5 den 20 phan tram tang 55 gia

166

NGH4

VET VANt

Bach bin ( t). M$i 1an tai ban, ban du dircrc htr&ng.
quyen ay nhir lan in dau tien.
keo han voon. Co nhi ng sach khao c(ru ban
ra"t ch4m ma in rat t6n, khong nha xuat ban nao chic
naua ban quyen, tic gia phai xuat v6n de h^ln v&i nha
xuat ban, hoc mot phan ba, hoc mot nfra tong phi, ri
hai ben chia nhau so" tien thu ve theo the thirc sau nay
0 Giao

Nha van de cho nha xuat ban 5o% bit vlo so" tin
hoa hang cho cac nha dai 1 nhirng phi tan chung; can_
5o% thi chia cho hai ben, t- ty theo cong vie`t cua tic gia..
va s6 v6n cua moi ben.
Xuat ban sach theo cach cab, ban khong cau lai ve
ti n bac ma chi mong c6 ltri ve tinh than.
VE Giao key in h8.

Ban phai chiu tron phi tr^n ve in..


Khi bin, trir go% d b so tien hoa hang va phi ton:.
chung, con bao nhitu ban lanh het.
Ne"u ban chic tdc pham via ban se ban dtroc, ne"u ban
fai c6 du' von v3 quen mot nha xucft ban d&ng lion thi
cach sau c>tng +d6 c6 tai cho ban lam. Ban tic pham,_
trung binh ban chi chic zo% ; b^ va"n nhc' in h, ban
c^ th'c dtrgc tren 2o% vi von in chi vao khoang ao tai.
(1) Xin dirng I n so each bin v&i so sack ban dime. In 3000 d ban
nai (hi ban d ro-c 2000 thi tic gib An du c htr&ng tir 5 c "en 20phan 100 cua gia ban 3000 cu6n do.

T(7 GIAO KEO NHU'Q'NG BAN QUYE,N

167

30%, ma ban lanh divac het thay la 50%, Von do, chi
n6i sau thing ban lay ve d z, ne'u sach ban kha chay
nu sach ban "e, tat nhien ban chiu thiet.
Nha van n'ao muo"n cho dai song dirng thieu thon
qua, cung nen ran danh diu_n cho cb mot so va"n c#u in
tic pham cua minh theo each do. Nhtr ban thy, bo vOn
in mot cu6n l^ i bang vie"t mot cuOn va ding 1e" phai viet
mot nam bon cuo"n mai du so"ng thi to chi can vie"t
hai, vira khong met, vira c6 Qu thi gia d'e" vi"et ky.
M
MAU GIAO KPO DO MOT 1JY BAN HON
xyP cAc NHA xuAT BAN VA cAc
NHA VAN LAP RA NAM 19x7
Gifra hai ben ky ten dcr&i day,
mot ben la. 0 . . . .
M
V t ben 13 0 . . . . .
da c6 nhang

sir thoa thuan sau nay

0 . , ...... , .

nhtr&ng cho 0 ....

. . .

va nhirng ngu'&i thira ke" cua ong --- quyen in, xuat
ban va cho ban (x) mot cuon sach nhan d"e la : .

(1) Va nhirng quyen se ghi & muc I du r oi day, n"eu co,

NGFIL VIET VAN

168

.
0 ....................... nh4n sty nhtr o ng quyen d6, chili
phi din va moi sty rill ro trong khi in, xult bin va ban.

Sir nhtro. ng quyen y lam theo nheng dieu kien


'ding quit se lie & dtreei, co tinh cacti dOc hero, nhtrng
hai ben co the them hocsira doi nhrrng tr&c khoin
rieng chap tay sau nhrrng dieu kien tong quit.
GIANG THEM

Nlifing ngtr&i nao co glign ltlp t& giao

keo.
Trirerc h g t la tic gici uci nhrrng ngu&i cOng
Mc v&i tic gia.
Mn6n clacrc ctiing vcio hang cgng Mc thi phai
lain inOt cOng uiec sang Mc (1) nhtr
gia ; mot tha kg clanh may bhi thao khOng phai
Irl cOng Mc,
- sang tic mgt caclity- do : mgt ngirai Hut
kg tic gia in rem d ri m It'd lieu hock d-P dich,
ihao viii loon, tied clicrung trong sach cling
kitting goi te1 sang Me (fa-cm,
cling chung mgt myc dich, mgt g (rink
v&i tic gia. Cluing lion, bon co nhrrng tai lieu rieng
(t) Sang the day co nghia cone, nhu dich thu4t, can
d4t cau ding dirge coi la sang tan.

phai

-rOe CIAO KEO NIALYCYNG BAN QUYgN

169

caa gia 1linit bon v? Nguyel n Hue, bon kitting


bret viec hoeic kliOng co thi gi& vie!, giao Cho 101
nhtrng tai lieu ay tre UV soon mgt coon ve vi anh
'ding 6y, taw itOg cling lci bon - Ong Me v&i 101.
Tug nhien, nhrrng ngu&i cOng tae cue soon
.met bO Bach khoa to Vett khOng crave quyen kg
giao keo ; chi ngu&i ctiOu khien cOng viec, voch
cttr&ng 161, h p b6 cue, pita n ph& cOng
(Tuve goi la tic gia cita bO cto.
* Khi tae gia can song thi ti& hoac chOng
caa tic gia khOng co quyen ky giao Iced ; chi
.khi tae gia cliff ncr hod(' chOng m&i co
quyetl ay,
Mut to! cua nOi, tr Phdp, th&i hon quyen tic
gia keo dcii 50 'tam sau khi lac gici Chet.
Trong gian do, au Do' hoac chOng tae gid
cling ch'^t ni"ra thi nhrrng ngtr&i ke thira cita
Ilia co quign kg giao keo, trir nhrrng
ui
thank nien.
* Nhirng tic pli'am nao co the nturolig
tiutien tierce ? Tat ca cdc sin phihn van ty.
nhtr : nien rich thOng thtr, nien
sack kien
.tap, tit ui, mud lye, sack gicin y"eu, mot tOp
thick, bai beio, then van, bdi giving can gido sir...
CO thP ban non nhrrng tic, philm aura vie!
khOng ? Dir&c, mien 10 trong giao ke y phai crinh
.41164 giau a via vti nhan de hoac dal y caa

10

NG HE Vi g r VA N,

phclm. Chang hon bon kh6ng the ni rang bczn


ht'ra ban h9t they nhirng tac pham caa bon se
virt tic nay cho d n het 1&i boon, bat k, ve van
de gi, cho nha xur?ft ban X; nhu ng bon cd they
Mi : Toi hf a bin cho nhd xuat ban X mot cuin
nhan tt la : NghiOn ciru ve loai ong ma ti se
vii t xong trong mnt ky h p.n lei m6t nain ke tirngdy kj giao keo nay.
* Khi.nh:x&ng quyen cho nhd xuat ban nao,
thi chi nhd xuat ban (16 va nhzrng ngtr & i kee thira
ciaa nhd xuat ban cla chtro a c huhrng quyen th6i.
Nha xua"t ban khong cb phep nhcrb& ng lei qugern
cho mgt nguai thin ba. Do la tinh cach doe hire,
can sir nhirrng quyen.
Gun JJdy vai nha xuat ban & Bic di car vi oN
Nam muon nhutrng 1p.i quye"n mot so sack cho.
ctc nhd a Nam. Si.t nhuang lgi quyen &6..
nu kh6ng &troc tat gid thaa thudn tht khong
hip tc, vi nd c^ the 1am hoi quyen lo c i cute
toe gia. Chung han g bon tin nhd xuat ban X I&
cta'rng (tan nen mo i nhirirng ban qugen cho nha
a"y : ni n roi sau nhd rte lei nhud & ng lei cho mot
nhd khac chuyen xuat ban nherng sdch nhaniz
nhi thi bon tat nhien s^ bi clot gia giam tire
nhiem va then cam ct^ c6 tit trw&c.

TO GIAO KEO NHLYCYNG BAN QUYN

4 I'4

i Th

MUC 1. NH U NG QUYN TRONG 8A0


LAU VA TI MVC NAO
GI,ANG THEM

1. Nhtr&ng trong bao lau ? ton co the


nhir&ng quyen snot th&i gian vo hon. Neu la
hiru h(:n thi trong giao keo phai chi to la
l
nhu o ng quyen in may Ian. Nhu la vo hen thi
quyen cup nba xuat ban keo ddi bang quyen
caa tac gicli.

the gia tang nhirng ngtr&i thira ke" c troicgut ban quye"n bao ldu ?
Ma

Van de" nay ct11 duce b , an cai soi not tit the
Icy 18. Ngu&i thi doi mot tac phc'm phdi la vc'tt sir
hiru cria tac gid, viz phdi chcrgc truyen tir Itru t6n
mot cach vinh vin nhut nhd cira, rung ntrong,
Ike thi trai loi, bdo tae phakn phdi duoc man
thank ciia tong de mgi ngur & i tPrac hzrcrng. Proudhon, mvt kinh to gia 5 the ky 19 con bat nhd
vcinphni by sinh cho nhdn lo(u, khong dcroc cau
luii va quyen tae gid khOng ctucrc truyen li.i
cho con chau, sot chlrng thdnh mr)t bon qu ii

phai kieu m&i song phong itru nh& di sdn to


tien.

Td" GIAO KEO NH CrNG BAN QUYEN

17a

NGHE V19T VAN

L) 72

Rcpt cuoc & Phap, ngir & i to theo mot gidi


phap dung hoa va d-cio lu4t 14-7-1966 d-a dinh
th&i hnn quye"n tac gid la thi 50 nam sau khi
tac gia mat. Sau th&i hn.n (16, quyee'n Sac gia
khOng thuoc ve chinh phi nhir cac ba"t
Jong sdn, ma ve tong Chung, nghia la lac (16, ai
Cling c6 quyen tai ban tat phdm ma khoi phdi
-xin phep ke ke thira tac gia.
Nhtrng vi c6 hai cuoc ct(d chin 1914-1918
-v^ 1939-1)45, sir tai Mn cac tac phc m cu gan
nhu hoar toan ngirng tie trong hai th&i gian
.kha lau nen lu4t phap Cho thcii la q n ban quyee'n
cua nhi ng tac plum xuat Mn trnr&c nam 1914
du r otc keo ddi them khoang 15 na.m nira (1). Do
rho, V. Hugo ma"t ngay 22-5-1885, d'ang Ie c1een
22-5-1935 thi qu} en tac gi a ve tong Chung ma
-con chau cua thi hao c16 ctugc htrang them
quyen cry Cho (ten ngay 18-2_1950.

ve nhd xuat Mn cho tai 50 Want sau khi nglr&i


nay chefDo la Iuat lc a Phap, (' the nu ac khac, th6hecn quyen tac gia ddi hun hoc ngi n hon. Dar
nha"t la a Bo Dao Nha, quyen dii tftrac vinh
vin ; ngan nhat la (r Nga : tai 15 ndm sau khi
tac gia thee't ; tai Y Pha Nho la 80 nam ; tai
Trung Hoa, Nhcit Thin, Thug Si to 30 nc m ;
tai Hoa K la 56 nam ma chin Idtn hai kit, moi
ky 28 nam ; het kg thir What, con chau tdc gii
co xin trien han m&i cart c hrxo-.ng them ky nhi;
i d Anh cling Chia lam hai kij mai ky 25 nam.
Pharr (t6ng cdc ntr&c khdc de"u, then gihi phap
cua Phap.
Anh, Mg chin lam hal kro han co le ld by vongs,
co nhirng tac ph1tn ma ke ke thu a tae gia quen
xin trien hpn, nhtr vdy nht'ng tac pham a"y ma u .
thuoc quye"n so hiru cilia cdng Chung,

Ne"u tac phuun (to nhie"u ngirai vie't Chung


,
thi fink tai 50 nand sau ngay chot caa ngtr6 i song
1(d sau cling.

Ne"u tac pha'm khuygt dash thi nha xua"t


e
Mn (tuq c coi la tac gia ad quye'n tac gia t1urt c

( 1) SAu nam ru 6i ve cuoc dpi chin thin nhat vA tam nam ru&i ve cuoc
dai chin thfr nhi.

Ncr&c ta, tae trcr6,c then licit cua Phap, nag


d'^ doe lkp, nen (lit luelt m6i. Theo thin y, thIrt
hpn 30 nam la via.
2- Nhurang nhMrng quyen gi T Ngodi nhirn ,
quyen in, xuat Mn ma ban d^ ghi t cThu tIe giaa

NGHL VIET VAN

X174

k^o, ban nen nher rang ban can nheing quyen


sau nay ntia :
quyen din (representation_ terc din kich

hay quay phim). Quyen in va quyen (an klidc


han nhau ; nhtrang quyen in khOng piled la
nhtreing quyen dain, ma nhtr&ng quyen diht
.khOng ph& la nhtrey ng quyen in. Chang bun
mat va. kich -bun giao cho nhci X in vet xuat ban;
phi
mat gcinh hat ndo muOn din vcr kich
xin phep ban, cher nha xuat ban khOng c6 quyen

(1) re str trich dun van

tha d soon mat cu6n van tuy 9en hoac thi tap
tht tha lye chtra &Jac ro rang, Ccic tau an 6.
_Phap ctat ra qui Mc nay : filch dan nta lam hai
quyen lai ve tien tai caa lac gia thi khang (taut;
can Erich dun c6 muc ctich van hem thi

Six phtin biet nhtr vOy hai mien ctr& ng. Chang
han tOi Erich Iret nhang tha hay ctia NguyJn
Binh cre in thi chic chart lac tOi lam mat viec
c6 firth ccich van haa, nlurng cling lam thiet thai
cho lac gia vi (ic5c gici chi can mua mat cu6n caa
tdi xu6I ban ma khOng can mua nhang cu6n
(1) Quien trich disn cbi quyen in, Om Chung l8 quyen truyen ban
(reproduction)

175

ana tae gia c1a cho in. Trong trtrerng hap ay thl xer
ra sao ?
Quyen filch mat loon van trong skit crd dang
len bcio cang ihuac ve tcic
Quyen xuat ban tiers thuygt ctei (tang tren bcio
y
e tat gia cher khOng ve nha beto. Nhirng
bcio cO tinla each theri sa tlii bcio neto cling co quyen
Erich dun ma kh6i xin phep, inirm let phi chi ra
xuat xer.
Quyen dich thuac u'd lac gia. Dich gia phal

girl (tang) Irony nguyentdc, nhz plain y thi


gia co thP ctai boi thirang.

cho phep clan.


quyen trich din.

Ter CIAO KEO NHLYCYNG BAN QUYEN

Quyen phOng tic cling thu etc ve tcic gia. PhOng

lac la then cat truyen Ind vies lai, nhtr mat tieu
thuya
ltd thcinh kick, Ta (Terng nen lam phOng
tat dick ph6ng. Dich ph6ng la tiPu thuy& vin
Vick ra treu thuy0, kick dick ra kich, khOng that'
crOi the van, chi thug ctai it chi tieit cho hop oeri
phony Inc mat xer ho(ic mat tha dal thOi. Nhieu treu
thuyet (Icing trenbdo caa la cbrac (tat cho cai ten
la phony tac, k) Mac chi la dich phag inat each
Tat to do.
3 Thiu vao dia hat

cling in mat cach xuat ban

vay clang ra, mgt 1111(1 xtalt ban c6 quyen in va


.thdu y ew Ca hat. Nhang Ham this tac thi muan than
,vcio Ca hat phai cO phep rieng caa tae gi4.

176

NGHE V19T VAM

0 QuyZn quay phim hodn todn ve tac gia. Nett


phan bit quyen a"y v&i quyen chic"u phim. Mot
tdc giii c6 the nhtr&ng quyen gt^ay-phim cho mOOt hang
nuy vd quyen chieu phim cho mgt ha"ng khac.
Nha quay phim plu i din clung y cua tac gist
neu khong, co the bi tac gia d6i boi thtr&ng.
Vdy ne"u ngodi quyen in, xuitt ban vd ban, bpnmuon nhtr&ng them quyen gi nira thi pha'i ghi vdo
muc 1 fy clay, aVe Ira l&i cau hoi : o Tai muc ndow.
trong muc.

3. Tic gia cam doan bao dam cho nha xuat ban
khoi bi quay ro"i va bi truy doat mat quyen.

GIANG THEM
* Du man han giao keo, tic gia clang khong
c6 quyen tai ban neu nha xuat ban chtra ban he"t
sach. Stich d6 c6 the coi la ban het khi con khong.

TO

CIAO KEO NHU'cYNG BAN QUYN

177

in cu6n d6 vao loci sach quy cho mqt nha kh'ac.


Va rieng ve kich,tac gia c6 the nhur&ng quy"en
in va xuat ban he"t thay nhirng v r cua minh cho
mot nha xuat ban thfr nhi, mac du m t vai va d^
nhtthng cho mat nha thf nhirt, mien Ia nht"fng v&
nhtr&ng cho nha thin nhi, khong djrg c ban r6 , i ma
phai ban tr9n b6 CO du nhlrng kith cua tic gia,
nhtr vay de khi lam hai quyen hyi cua nh'a th&
nhirt, Chang han ti da s p an nhitng va kith
A,B,C,D, dz ban v& A va D cho nha X, B va C cho
nha Y; nay toi co quyen ban ca 4 v& d6 cho mOt
nha xua"t ban thin ba, nhwng nha nay phai in 4 v&
lu8n mot luc va ban thi ban tron ba 4 v&, chti
khong diruc ban r&i tirng v& mot.
Nhtrng neu trong giao keo c6 ghi rang nhtr&ng
trvn quy"en, khOng han ch"e, thi tic gia kh6ng c6
quyen nhtr&ng cho mot nha khac nhtr tren nira,

bang mot phan hai mirai s6 sach da in.Chang han in


2,000 cuon, con 2 000: 20 = too cu6n thi clang k'e

la ban he"t.
0

Tic gia cling kh8ng c6 quyen vie"t mot tic

pham khac de tranh vo-i tic pham d^ nhtrgng quyen.


* Tac gia khong c6 quyen giao cho mot nha

Trong trux &ng hop tic gia c6 } boi nhq


mot nhan vit nao mOt cach ro rang, khie"n disc gia
hieu ngay la tic gia am chi ai, thi
Tic gia chiu ht trach nhi^m neu nh'a xuat
ban vo tinh, khong ng&

tic

gia c6 chu y d6,

khac xuat ban mot cuo"n da nhtr&ng quyen, nhtrng


nu tic gia chi nhiro & ng quyen in mot cu6n vba loci.
sach thirang cho mot nha thi CO the nhtr6,rg quyen,

_ Tic gia va nha xuat ban chiu chung trach


nhiem, neu nha xuat ban hieu tham y d6.

NGHE VIES VAN

178

MUC II. GIAO BAN THAO.


St'A CHITA CHO PIMP IN.
a. Tic gia cam doan giao bio thio (v&i dii 01 lieu
va neu cO) viet re,' rang teen met mat giay, di sera
china ky Itr&ng va sin sang de in. Neu trong khi sap
c
hic ma tic gii con sirs chtra qui nhieu den not phi
ton sip chi/. tang len 20 0 /0 thi tic gi5 phii chits s6 phi
V
ein them do. Neu tac gia d5 cho ph^p in ma bit phii
thay hinh trong sich thi tic gia chiu tien ve va khic,
trir khi nhirng bien co xiy ra bat ng&, buec tic gii phai
thay nhiing hinh
GIANG THEM.
N'eu tic gia chtra kip giao bin thio ma chit
hoc mat tich thi co ba trtreeng hop :
Tic plam d5 soar' xong : cic ngtreei ke thira
tic gia phai giao bin thio cho nha xuat bin trong
met th&i gian rat ngin.
* Tic plain m&i bit d siu
thu thip
giao keo phli bO.

tai lieu chtra

Tic pham viet d5 gan xong, 01 lieu thu


th6p da d5, cic ngtr&i k'e third co quyen nha ngtr&i
soan tiep nhtrng n'eu nha xuat bin dei nheng tad
li4u va giao cho ngtr&i khic viet thi cic ngtx&i
ke thira kheng dude can tr&, chi co quyen bat nha

76 CIAO KEO NI-ItYgNG BAN QUYEN

xuat bin in them may


son xong thi mat.

179

not re rang tic gii chtra

* Neu tic gia khong giao bin thao cho nha


xuat bin thi ter giao keo bi 114 be5 va tic gia phii
boi thtr&ng thiet hai cho xuat ban.
Giao bin thio rei ma nha xuat ban danh
mat thi nha xuat bin chiu trich nhiem. Nen dinh
ro trich nhiem dO trong t& giao keo.
Khi sap char tron cuen rei, nha xuat ban in
.
hai bin va g 6ri
cho tic gii (hai bin do co c5
bia), tic gia phii doc va sira m8i ban dO trong
thei han la ba mtrcei ngay rOi g&i tri bin thir nhi
cho nha xuat bin, v&i met giay phep cho in.
2.

then

DO la not er ben Phip. 6" ben ininh khemg


nha in nao sap chit . tron cuOn rei InCei g&icho tac gia
coi lai de cho phep in. Neu tac gia gin thi nha
in cir sap chiic dtrcec met sap x6 trang la dira cho tic
gia coi lai ngay. Neu tic gii xa thi tic gia phii
nh& met ngtreri quen sira an cao thay minh hoc
giao cho nha xuat ban lam cong viec ay.
KhOng dircrc phep tic gia ma cir in can thi nh^
:xuat bin co the bi tic gia kien va bat bei thtreeng.
3. Bin thio va tai lieu ghim theo thuec quyen s&
ciia tic gii ; not ba thing sau khi in xong,

ixu

R0

NGH'K VI9T VAIN

tic

gia c3 the' vie"t thir doi nha xuat ban va nh ^ .

xult ban phai g&i tra-

TO GIAO KGO NHLYO'NG BAN QUYEN

181

4. Gia ban dinh theo the thiic nao ?

r, Sach se" in theo khoo ......

Gia ban c6 the dinh do sir thoa thu3n cua hai


ben. Trong trtr&ng hap ay, moi khi mu6n thay di
:gia ban, nha xuat ban phai hoi y tic gia.

Ban nen dinh r5 kho sach, th{r giay in, kieus


chit va nha"t la ky han phai in xong.

Neu tic gia khong dinh gia ban thi nha xuat
ban co toan quyen quye"t dinh.

Theo nguyen tae, nba xuat ban phai bat daub


in ngay sau khi ky giao keo, nhtrng it khi ho then.
cuing nhir vay vA co nha de hang nam van chtra in._
Mu6n khi btrc mnh, ban nen dinh mot th&i han,.
nu qua thai han a"y ma sach chtra in xong thi t&
giao keo bi huy bo hoc nha xuat ban phai bi
thtr&ng bao nhieu tin.
2. So in Ian tha What se do nha xua"t bdn clink-

.5. Ngay phat hanh se do nha xudt bdn dinh sao cho
4o, i ca hai ben, nhirng du sao ding khong dzrqc de qua hai

MUC III.

GIA BAN S DEN! BAN

nku ng khSng du orc dw&i .....

Nhieu tac gia kh&ng dinh ro so" in to"i thieu,._


cung khong not nha xuat ban c6 quy"en tai ban may

fin hoac trong mt th&i gian bao Iau Trong trtr&ng,hcrp ay, tic gia khng chi quyen bat nha xuat ban'-,
phai tai ban, nhtrng 1ai c^ quyen cho mot nha khac
xua"t ban nu sach' in lan trtr&c da ban ht kha lau.
3 Trong nhirng Ian t^ bun, so in cte nha xudt bdnquyet djnh.

Le ay de hieu vi chi co nha xuat ban m&i bi"et


each phai ta.i ban bao nhieu de c6 lavi.

.roam sau khi nha

xudt

ban d^ nhdn bdn thao.

MUC IV.

QUYEN TAC GIA

T. Quyen tdc gid dinh nhir sau:, .

Dieu nay quan trgng nhat, Muon tranh str


xich mich, kin tiung ve sau, tic gia phai d nh to:
Quyen tic gia la bao nhieu, so" do nh9t dinh
hay tty theo so" sach in va gia sach ban..
Chang han tac gia cd the nhtr&ng ban quyen
la"y mat so tin nhat dinh la aa,000$, sau nay nha
xuat ban co in them bao nhieu cung khOng phai tra
them. Cach do thtr&ng thi8t cho tic gia; nen cac
nha van thur&ng dang cash sau nay: 'dinh quyen la
may phan tram tong sO gia sach ban, Nhur in fin
dau 3.000 cuo"n, moi cuon ban 40$ ma quyen tic
;gia la ae jo gia ban thi tic gia dtroc lank

102

NGHE V1^T VANS

40$ X 3000 X xo
12.000$

Td' CIAO KEO NHtJONG 133,N QUYLN

183

citing han in Ian diu quyen tic gia la to 0 / 0 , thi


khi in them, quyen do la 12 0/0.

Lin thin nhl in them a.000 thi tic gii se lin&


them :

4 0 $ X 2000 X to
100

* DOi khi quyen tic gia tinh theo s6 sich ban


dtrac, nhtrng cach nay it ngtrey i theo vi no bat tien

8.000$

tam, thtrO'ng chi lam thiet cho nha van.

Ccich that trd ra sao ? Lain triOt On hay nhieu


? Vao lac nao ?
2

Nhfing lan sau cling v4y.


Trong trtarng hap (16, tic gii c6 the bit nhae
bin cho xem so sich biet in la bao nhieu.
Cich Vim sok gy bit ti4n vi lam mat lOng nha.
xuat bit) ma kh8ng cO ket qui, nha xuit bin co the
sira dei se sich, tic gii khO'ngsao Wit sir thtyc dtro.c,
Theo tOi, c6 m81 c^ch chic chin Ilan la trong

1\16u giao keo khOng dinh 1. 5 ve khoin nay thi


theo thOng le, nha xuat ban phii :

Tri ngay sau khi nha'n bin than trong


truerng hap nha van ban dirt bin quyen.
Tra salt khi in xong, trong truing hap
quyen tic gii tinh theo s6 sich in.

giao keo buOc ho trudec khi d6ng thanh sich phii

Tra vao moi kY nha xuat bin lam so sich

dem bia sich lai cho ban lqr ten hoc d6ng d5u len,

hang darn, trong trithng hap quyen tic gia tinh theo

du s6 di dinh thi th8i, nhtr v5) Ito it dim in dtr.


Trong nhirng 15n in them (x), vile` phi ten in
loit rut di dirge khoing 20 0 /0 ma sir quing cio
ding khan can manh nhtr

diu, nha xuat

se lai nhieu, cho nen ban c6 the del Chia liri them,

s6 sich ban dtrac.


3. Quy'en tic gici khong clircy c tinh vao
a. nhang cu6n trir hao de btu vat) nhirng cu6n
in hOng, dOng hOng, nhiang cu6n mat mat va nhirng
ctf^n tang them trong khi bin (I). S6 cu6n trir hao

(2) cat nha xuat bin Phap thithng tinh to o/o s6


sach in. O nithc ta, vi khOng co le tang them nen

(1) Ta nen phin bit in them (nouveau tirage) vi in Igi (nouvelle


Edition) In Iii thi phai sap chit. loi, c6 khi phai sira dai, them he'd ;_
in them thi dung nhirng khuen chic cu, de . triin cOng sap chit..

s6 do chi vat) khoang 2 o/o s6 sich in.


(1) Ben Phap co lO mua 12 cu6n thi them 1 cu6n.
(2) Ngu i-i Phap goi la livres de passe.

NGHE VIET VAN

3184

b -- nhirng bin danh cho tic gil (i), nhCrng nap


bin, (2) nhirng cu6n bie"u de' quing cao, trung Binh

"IZr CIAO KEO NHU'ONG BAN QUYEN

tien ra lam thi thugc ve nha xult bin,

Moi khi in, nha xuat bin g&i thtr bao dam cho
tic gil hay
in 1"an thir may,
in bao nhieu cu6n,

2. Mgt cuo"n sich dtrgc coi la he"t khi tic gil du vie"t
thir b:^o dim yeu cu nha xuat ban thu ve nhCrng sich
can lai ma sau thing sau, nha xuat bin khang trinh cho
tic gil dtrac 25 cu6n.
3. Khi bin 6, nghia la khi m3i nam bin khong
dtrgc 5% s6 sich in lan cu6i cilng (i), nha xuiit bin c5
quyen dem bin son ne"u tic gil khong ch;u mua lai.
Gil mua lai se khong dtrac cao ho a n gil v6n cong v&i
i n d^ tra tic gil. Tic gil mua tai roi, mu6n dem ban

MVC VI. TtNH SO HANG NAM.


Trong trtr&ng h yp quyen tic gil tra then s6 sich

nu

do tic gil
giao cho nha xuat ban thi Ii v$t sa hu cua tic gil.

khoing 4 0 cu 6 n nua.
MUC V. IN VA IN LAI

185

thi phai boi On nha xuat bin o- bia va trang du sach.


Tuy nhien, ne"u trong giao keo, hai ben da dinh

bin dtrgc, nha xuat bin cho biet ky han lam thanh dan
y
(inventaire) hang nam vao 1uc nao. Qu en tic gil phii

sach v&i nhau thi nha xadt ban tnuan bdn son,
phdi xin phep tic gid va chi ctu: p'c ban son khi nao
thtrc ca"n thiet, khong du o c co y lam hqi danh tieeng
gid

tra not trong 4 thing sau khi lbm thanh dan. Tic gil cb
th"e yeu cau nba xuat bin dtra so sich cho minh coi.

tic gid.

MUC VII. KHONG IN LAI.BAN E


.

i. Sich da bin he"t tren mot nam ma nha xuat bin


khong in 1ai hoc in them thi bin quyen tr& ve tic gil
trir nhi ng truing hqp dc bit.
Hinh ve, bin kh$c, hinh chip, nu nha xuat bin bo
r

(1) O mr&c ta, nhs van thur&ng du oac 20 hoc 30 ban giay tot de tang
ban be. Muon co tren so do thi phai mua lai ca nha xuat bas vii
g
gia rc 1a 50 0 10 hoc 60Io gi ban.
(2) T&c nhOng bao nap cho nha Thong tin, Thir kho.

VIUC VIII. QUYEN O1CH VA BAN QUY9N


Tdc gid c^ the giir quy"en hoc giao quy'en cho
nha xudt bdn giao thiep v&i nhirng ngwai muon dich
tic phdm cua ,ninh. Nen Binh ro cach chia sO tien ma
phdi chiu, tic gid du oc bao nhieu, nha xudt
ban dwo c bao nhieu.

dich

gid

(1) Vi du lan cu6i cung in them 2000 cuon, 5 0 %o 11 100 cuo"n

NGHE VIET VAN:

186

Tac gia ot5tIg bu:o'c rang ban dich phdi dtra mirth

TO' GIRO KEO NHLTO'NG BAN QUYEN

187'

* Neu ban quyen chi nhtrerng trong mOt thO4


gian nh5t dinh, nen dinh tru . O. c nhau 3/513 de in

coi attic.
MVC IX . DANG LVC TRONG TAI

TO Pita'', Wang to giao keo niztro ng ban quyen


thuirng dirge dang IN) (r) theo lu a' t hien hanh.
y

lan cuOi cilng va cach thirc thank town s6 sach con


lai khi man giao keo.
* Neu het Irk han, tic gia giao cho mat nha thir

khi c^ st xung ddt giira nha van va nha

nhi xthit ban ma nha nay vOi nha thir nhlt khOng

xuat ban thi hai ben (Ong long cho Nghiep doan ccicnha xudt ban va HQi van nhdn lam trong tai, mthc

dieu dinh v6. i nhau dircy c ve sty nhut&nglai ban in,


ban dix die in sach thi tic gia co quyen bat buOc

ta chant co Nghiep doan va HOi ay.

nha thir nh'it hay b6 nhirng ban in, ban dtic d6


khOng th'e in them ban ma lam hai quyen lqi nha

DIEU KILN DAC BI) T.


Trong muc nay, tic gia va nha xu5t ban co.

thir nhi.

the' them nhiring dieu kien d5c biet, chang han :


Nha xtfit ban c6 the dm tic gia si'ra chika
trong sach, khi tai ban, neu dia. ), sly sira china do

Mau giao k^o do rat day chi va trir trithng 139.13

c6 the Wit 194 ve phtro ng dien thtro ng mai, ho5c

nhang tic pharn quan trong thi ngay & Au, Mk cling it

lam thay doi han tinh cich caa cuein sach.

khi ngtthi ta theo diing nhir v5y.

* C6 nhikrig loai sach nhir sach ve y h9c, khoa


chira, them bO. t cho ho:p
hoc ................... , phai
th&i, n'eu tic gia khOng chin lam viec d6 thi se tinh
sao ?

cau van chi ph6i mat phan 1&n, net: ta 136 buOc nha
xuit ban qua thi 119 khOng chiu mua tic pham caa ta.

* Hai ben co quyen cho in sa.:h theo hinh


thirc khic N/A ban

Trong hoan canh hien tad, tren thi truerng van


chucrng can nhtr tren m9i thi trtr&ng khic, 1u5t cung

gii khic khOng ?

* Neu do tinh the bat buOc, sach khOng

V5y ta chi can hiZu kSr" nhfing muc trong ban giao keo
dO de" r6 quy^n lgi cita ta rOi cham chtrOc sao cho cOng
viec nha xuiit ban duce de dang ma dOi ben deu ceo

dude thi sao ?


(1) Ngbie la ghi vie !Hi ciia sir Trxrercb3.

11;

-egg

NGHE V19T VAN

MAN GIAO KEO


Ne"u mot ben khng giu thing nhOng dieu trong
-;giao keo thi ben kia c th"e xin huy b giao keo dtroic,
chAng han trong trur&ng hap tac gia khong chiu giao ban
-thao hoc nha xuat ban khong chiu in them khi sach
- da ban het.

'

TO' GI A O KEO NHUD'NG BAN QUYf N

l8

Nam 1,928 lai co hi nghi & Rome (Y) va nam 1948


hoi nghi & Bruxelles, (Bi) de s&a d `o"i nhirng dieu da.
cam ke"t trong hip u'&c Berne'
Phan dung cac ntr&c d"eu cong nhan may nguyen tac
sau nay :
Mot tic pham cua bat ky ntr c nao cung diro c

tren, tai da not nha xuat ban khng co phep

che ch& tai cac ntr&c khac.

dtrctc nhtr&ng lai ban quyen cho mot ngiro'i khac. Nhurng

-- Gii'a hai nir&c ma tho4 han quyen tac gia khac

nu nha xua"t ban nhtrgng tron cong viic lam an tai

nhau thi cir theo th&i han ngAn nhat. Chang han mot

cho mot nha khac thi cai viec co phai huy bo giao keo

y
tac pham & Y Pha Nho dtrcrc che ch& 8o natt
sau khi

hay khong se do t.oa an dinh Boat.

tac gia chit, thi qua Phap chi dtrgc che chic 5o nam, vi

Neu mat ban than ma khong sao vie"t 1ai duac


.n ra thi ngtr&i danh ma"t phai bi thtrong cho ngu&i kia.

theo luat cua Phap, th&i han do la so nam, ngAn ho'n


th&i han Y, Ngargc 1 i, mot tic pham Phap qua Y
cung chi durac che ch& 5o nam thOi.

$ Neu tac gia eon gier ban thir nhi hoac c^ the
vieet mot cach de dang thi nha xuat ban c^ quyen bat
buoc tic gia giao mot ban khac. Tat nhien ben na.o bi
--thiet hai thi phai durcrc bi thtr&.ng.

Ta c6 the n6i rang hien nay quyen tac gia dtrac


On trong tren khap the" gi&i, trir vai nir&c khong chtu

ky ten vao hip tro'c Berne nhtr Nga, Tho ... C:ac
ntr&c nay muon dtrac quyen dich het thay tic pham
cu.a cac ntr&c khac, khoi phai xin phep, va di ky nh[rng
hip tr&c rieng v&i cac ctr&ng quc tren the gi&i.

HIP U'O"C BERNE.


Trtr&c kia, ta theo lust cua Phap ; nay ta da dc
Non nam chuc nu'&c da hop nhau & Berne (Thtty

1ap nhtrng chtra du r gc gia nhap Lien hip quo"c nen van

Si) nam 1.886 va d"ong y che ch& quyen tac gia tren

de che ch& ban quyen sach ngoai quo"c o 1 ntr&c ta chtra

khap the gi&i.

dtroc quyet dinh.

190

NGHE VIET VAN

Tuy nhien, nha van dirng dan bao gi& ciing ton
trcing quyenla, i vita nh^ van khic bat lifin ntrac
minh hay ntr&c ngoai cling nhtr quyen cita chinh
minh, cho nen mu6n dich mot tic ph:-Im ngoai qu6c thi
ban nen xin phep tic gia nhieu khi h9 vui lOng cho
lien v&i nhirng dieu kien de clang vi biet ntreec
ta nhO va m&i bit dau dtro . c g6p mat vOi van

TO. GIAO KEO NHUONG BAN QUYEN

- Nguy8n Hue va deu de la Vua Quang Trung, hoat hai


tieu thuyet deu ta canh chitin tranh tna deu mang ten la
alCh6i lira thi khOng co the bao dtro:c la 'Lk gia sau (13
-rntran nhan de ctia tic gia trtr&c, vi nhiing nhan de do
_rat ttr nhien, ai cling nghi tai ngay,
Khi tic gia dao van hoac c6 y dung truing nhan de

qu6c ve phtrung dien van h6a. Nhtrng aing co nha xuat

nh^ xuat ban c6 the lien dOi chiu trach nhiena va bi dtra

bin ngoai qu6c dtra nhang dieu kien gAt gao qui, chting

ra tOa cung vai tic gia.

ta khOng sao nhan duvc (t).

Nhan de mot cu6n sich la vat sir Mitt cita tic gia
cting nhtr ten mot thir thu6c la vat s& hint ctia ngtr&i
the tao ra. C6 y clUng trAng nhan de cling c6 loi nhtr c6
dAng triIng nhan hieu vi co the lam cho clOc gia rim
cu6n n9 v&i cu6n kia va nhtr va'y thiet hai cho tic gia
cu6n trtr&c.
Song nhan de phai co gi dac biet thi dung trang
.m64 la c6 18i. Con hai cu6n sich deu khao circa ye
-(1) Nhtr mot nha xuat ban no & M dei toi phai tra sin tram MIy kim
ale dich va in mot cub'n ba twan ban. TM phai tir chOi. Ho quen giao

cac nha xuat ban Anh, Phap. Kb:Ong hien tinh rinh
minh.
Khi nao ntrac minh &gen va Lien Hip QuO'c thi be?' van hOa nen
nghien mitt van cre xin dich tac pham ngoai quiic de cho cOng vies ti'ep .
thu va phO !Dien van Kia ngoai quac dtrcec de clang (Chit thich khi tai bin)
vai

TAC G1A TV X U AT BAN

19

Phtrong sach thin nhi la cc nha van lip vain clown


& khap ncri, lien lac v&inhau, hQn v6n tir xult ban roi
tb chtrc cong viec phat hanh, g&i sach lan cho nhau ban,
nhtr v3y se 1gi cho nha van g1p ba g5p ban l:ln ban ban
quyen.

Hign nay, Nghiep down ky gia da thanh lap, s6 tiers


nhuan but da tang, tuy chtra dtro-c x rng ding, nhtrng
kbong con qua tg nhtr hi tin chin; can doi quy^n chia
l&& i hang nam v&i chu bao thi Nghigp down co le chtra dam
nghi t&i : bao ban ch4y hai ba chuc ngan so, I&i m5i n gay
hang chuc ngan dung, chit bao cu6i nam cling chang chia
cho ky gia mkt d`ong ndo ; ma bao ban e thi chi a b^ti
ch4m tra prang, kh"at tun nay qua tut khac, va t&i ldc
dbng cira,_thie"u ltrung lu6n cua ky gia.

CHU'O'NG III

TAC-G I A TU'
XU AT - BAN

Khoang mtr&i nam tr:r&c, trong mat so"ThanhNghi,.


Vu dinhHoe phan nan cho d&i song ngheo nan cua ((bon
y
th xay nn hoc thu4t cua ca mot dan tocw, tuc bon nha
van Ong dtra ra nhirng con so cho to thy mot nha van
cb tai va d rac cong chung ira men, viet du du chi
kien^ darac trung binhmoi Chang mot so" tiers barig Ibrang
cna mt cling chrrc thap nhat. Roi sau khi so sanh tinh
trang d6 v&i canh giau sang ci a mot so chi' bao, nha
xuat ban, nha phat han;h, Ong to ve ba"t binh va dC nghi
hai phuc'ng sach cho nha On d& ngheo .:
Phu ang sack Chu nhat 1a lip nghiep down ky gia de
dOi cho ducrc mkt so tiers nhuan but xirng Bang va duoc
quyen chia 1&i hang nam cua ter bao.

V"e phtrang din d6, nghiep down ky gia cn phai


tranh dau. nhi"eu. 6 day chung tOi chtra muo"n ban t&i,
chi xet van cue nha van ttr xuat ban lay, tiro la cue ngh
th{r nhi cua Vu Binh Hoe.
T^

Cac nha van lap van down & khap noi, h an vn


"
xuaat ban roi tnr phat hanh lan cho nhau, giai phap ay
dep qua I Nhung t6i nghi no khd thtrc hanh, vi muo"n
vay mOi van down phai la mat nhom ngu r &i cung chi
huang, du co tir each, bit"t down kit, phuc thin, b&
long tir ^i vO 1, roi phai ht^n vin, phai pliant cOng ma
nha van thtro'ng ngheo, thtr&ng ghe.t cong viec so sach,

NGHE VIET VAN

194

TAC CIA TU' XUAT BAN

195

buOn bin. Lai them viec bra tic phi'm d'e in va each

xuat bin in he, ban lai them xo%, nett ttr xuat bin,

trinh bay cling de sinh ra m6i bat Illia vi ai ding c6

c6 the Ry i trang binh dtmc xo% naa.

kien rieng va cling cho tic pham minh ding in trtrerc


het : tOi da dtrqc biet met van doan no de ram sail
thi si, man xuat bin met tap thcr cO bai cua mepi ngtrOi
ma ban 04 ban lui, ram ran by ltrol van chtra giii
quy& xong van de 19 . a bai cang trinh bay tic pham.

Dtrai day la may then ban nen biet khi muen tit'
:xuat bin tic pham cita minh.
* Ban phii kiem met nha in dirng din 6 , gan nha

ThAnh lap met van doan dirng din, da IA viec kh6

'ban va tinh gii visa phii. Ba dieu kien de kh6 co d6,

lina, nOt chi tai to chirc nhieu van doan kith) no

:nen neu can b6 met thi ban tam b6 dieu kien thin ba.

de xuat bin rei phit hanh ! TOi nghi viec sau IA viec co'
he nhtr khOng the thanh dirchc, ma nett c6 dtrac chang

Met nha in dirng din la met nha in c6 the . lanh

taira

thi cic van doan se" bien ra met co quan thtrog

mai bao tram khap ntr&c va nhA van se tr& nen nhang

nghe, hieu dtre'c va, theo dtrqc gin dung tei not gan
ciang nhang ky i giing clan dia ban ve each trinh hay.
Dieu kien ay quan trang nhat. Neu gap phii met nha

con bu6n mat I

in lam an cau thi thi tOi xin thtra ban hay trtr&c, ban
KhOng. Theo t6i, nha van khOng nen darn dirng
viec plat hanh met viec rat phien phirc ma chi nen

phii vac ghee b6 va dem cam lai nha

tty xuat bin lay : hoac b6 y en xuat ban tic pham

'khi ho bat dau mua giay, sap chit' cho tai khi ho in

mOi ngay

theo dOi ding viec an loit, va chi bio, kiem diem tit'

minh, hoac han en vii vii ba anh em ma xuat bin

-xong trang cuei rei ve bia, rOi cat giay. Btrc minh lam,

chung cho nhau.

. muen phit dien len dtrac !

Xuat bin lay la met cong viec hcri met day, nhtrng
19i se be ceng, nett tic pham bin chay, ma nett sich
.

bin het thi 19i bang hai viet, (chit it khi bang ba va
kb:511g khi nao bang b6n nhtr Vu Dinh HOe n6i) vi bin
bin quyen ban chi dircyc xo%, b6 y en nh& met nha

Met nha in dirng &an lai cOn la met nha in gia


gan thing kY han trong giao keo, Ho in c6 tre, cling chi
tre de met vii . . . thing. Xin ban dirng ngac nhien !
In met cuen hai tram trang, ma tre hai thing IA thong
.le ctia cic nha in 6. Saigon, c6 khi 119 con tre biy, tam

I96

NGHE V1#-T

VAN

1 du c^ the ghi dieu 1a^:


thing kia. Trong giao keo inc

TAC GIA TV XUAT BAN

197

* Ban phi nghi lay each trinh bay bla sach roi ban

tre moi tun phi b6i thtr&ng bao nhieu,nhtrng in xong,

vbi hoa si, ho se giup tht.m y kign cho ban. Ne"u ban de

ho nan nt, van lan thi ban n& long nao ma trir cua ho

misc ho trinh bay thi mtr&i lan c6 dfn bay lan ban

ca chic ngan ? Ho hi'eu vay nen ho y ra ma ho y ra thi

khong vira y,

sach cixa ban cung y ra not. Vy mu6n cho ra mot cu6n

* Neu khong tin nha in thi bia va e rut )r sach

sach v'ao thing chin, ma ban dtr tinh in mat ba thing,

c6 the in & hai nha in kh'ac nhau d d&

thi nen phcng trir&c hai thing tre, (r) cong la nam thing,.

in dir ma ban khong hay. T6i n6i do thoi vi tai nghe

ban hay giao ban thao tir thing tir cho vira.

nol co nha xuat ban hi n v&i tic gia in rut roi lai cue

Nhirng dil nha in d{rng din t&i mire nao thi mo


tun ban cung phi 1ai it nhat 1'a hai, ba lan de thuc ho
va kiem scat cOng viec, cho nen toi da khuyen ban kiem
mot nha in a gin nha, de der ton tin xe va thi gia di

co'

tih&rng str

nghi v&i nha in bia tang in dtr roi chia vOri nhau 1
* Dinh s6 sach in la viec quan trong, anh htr&ng
1&n d n str thanh hay bai cua nha xuat bin.
T61 nh& mot trtr6eng ham thin & Phap day mon ban
hang, trong mot bai ve Quy tic ban, c6 khuy@n hqc

lai.

sinh dirng ve quan di m town hoc ma giai moi van d8


Ve gia ca, mu6n khoi bi 10, ban nen hoi gia nhieu
nha va bao ho tinh rieng :

lam an a tho'i nay, nghia 1a trtr6'c khi quy"et dinh mot


viec gi, phai tinh xem phan thanh cOng ca minh dtrcc

--- cOng sap chC va in m6i trang, (may ngan ban)-

tren 5o% hay khong ; dtrOri s6 d6 thi dirng

- tin d6ng, din, vo bia vA cat moi cu6n.

Phan thanh cling tren go% ma nu lai c6 them it nhi u


phtro r ng tien tang n6 1en nira thi lam chi congviec chAng

D rng de cho ho tinh gom, ban se` khong bie"t dtr(yc

thinh vtrcng ?

khoan nao cao gia qua.. Tien gia'y thi ban tra theo h6a
don cua nha ban giay.

(I) Nam 1968 nay, co the tre sau thing mqt nam la thtr&ng, ma ho.
Thong tin cc`. Ie cir ba thing phi xin trier han giay ph@p kiam duygt
that mat cong.

On

lam.

VAy, khi dinh s6 sach ban,ban cung nn theo phtirang


phapay. Ban diisu tra xem loai sach ban xuat ban trung
Binh ban dtrgc bao nhieu va cho in theo sc trung binh
d6, thi Phan thanh cOng cua ban dtrgc go% r6i. Neu
ban lai dugc nhieu ngtr&i hira ban giup, mua gitip, thi
'chAc chin ban se

thinh

cOng.

NGHE Vl g T VAN

198

TAC GIA TV XUAT BAN

199

Trong khi tinh toin,ban nen tranh tit qui lac quan,

Tuy nhien, khoing hai chuc nam trtr&c, mot cu6n

Chung cho cic nha xuat bin. Hai Ong Laborderie va Boi

sich gia tri tam thtrang ma nit& met cich quing ca. rat

seau trong cu6n Toute l'imprimerie khuyen ta nen rat de

dic

dit tha in it ma bin het con hurl in nhien cho gia

dam cua Nguyen cong Hoan, giae nha Deri mai, ma

da
ban chay vo vo. Cu6n ay la cu6n Thanh

re ma rOi sich it 19i, de chit nha, lai con lam ta lo

giam d6c la Nguyen Gia VS% xuat bin. Khi in di gin

ling, btyc minh. Theo hai Ong 6 3, thi tieu thuyet ctia mot

xong, tac gia thy nha xuat ban di to tien b6 met

tic gii chtra co danh, khOng nen in qui hai ngAn.

chieu va met bai bi'eu cua Ong di t6n cong stru tam, tirc

ntrac ta, tuy mtyc xuat bin sich bao dm thap nghia

thi not giin, vigt thtr ming Ong VSt' la dot, khemg hieu

sty canh tranh khOng gay go, nhtrng vi le d6c gii qui it,

dtrac hai bai do nen mai 1)6 di, lam tic plfam cila Ong

t6i ttr&ng con s6 2000 ay con la nhieu day. NOi rieng

mit y e co kinh. CuOi thtr, van si con ham bat tai nha

ve loai khan ciru, dtt sich co nhieu by v9ng dtrqc hoan


nghenh, ban cling chi nen tinh bin dtrcyc khoing x5oo,
cu6n. S6 dO di rang rii rOi

thtra ban.

In xong,ban phii lo viec quing giao cho


ngu&i khic xuat bin thi ban nen quen tic plas m ciia
ban di, mac cho d6c gii phe binh va mac cho nha xuat
qua h9 dirng quing cia
bin quing cis), sau khi di cran
,

xuat bin :

Th5 la bay gib . teil them du c bai h9c khOn nira


la khOng nhirng ngwiri dOt lam tai hai cho mirth, ma co,
khi lam tai hai cho ng eri khdc. Ong dd lam hai Ca,
theii thi toi chin, nhtrng Ong da" lam tai hat
ca din min chtro'ng ceza to qu5c, th(tt clang danh cho cdi:
bat tai I

qui 16, khien d6c gii ctr&i minh. Nhtrng khi ban qr
thi ban nen quen ban la tic gii ma dirng
xuat bin
phtromg dien thtrang mai, nghia la ttr gieri thieu tic
pham ctia minh veri cong chting, Ban nen nh& quing
r
cio chi lam sach bin mau ho n, cher khOng the lam cho

mot cu6n bin hOa chay dtrcic : sich hay ma h9'p vai
nhu can quan chting thi serm muon gi dec gii cling
biet ma mua.

Ong VSr' ching ia'y lam buOn, dem clang ngay


berc thtr cila Nguyen COng Hoan len mat bao, ngay dual
ch6 quang cao ve quyen Thanh dam. Dec gia hieu
'An t1n kiem mua va chtra co tieu thuyet nao cia' a Nguyen
COng Hoan mai ra ma ban chay nhtr viy. Tit nhien la
chi dtrvc mot lan thOi. CO ngtreti ng& ring hai Ong ay
x'ep (tit dOng tre veri nhau.

200

NGHP- VItT VAN

Mt each quang cao khong t6n tun la g&i t;Eng toa


soan cac bao mot cu5n vfi mot birc thtr yeu cu gi&i
thif u tran bio, trong thtr nen them do nam, sau hang

IJ

-TAC CIA TV XUAT BAN

201

mot phan cot. Hign nay gia mot phan cot quang cao
tren trang ttr bao hang ngay & Saigon tir god den food
mot ky.

chi di y trong sach, dac diem cua sach, sd trang, gia

* Ban cb the giao cOng vi^c nap ban (cling nhxr xin

ti n de toa son de be gi&i thigu. Ne"u c^ t& bao chju

kiem duyet) cho nhd in de d& mat thi gicr, nhtrng vi4c

ding vai trang trick trong sach thi ke"t qua se nhieu ho n

ban thi ban phai dich than lo lay, tuy t6i On bit phan

Cling nen g&i tang rieng cac nha gi& muc phe
binh tren cac bao, va cac Ong hi8u trtr&ng, giao str, giao
vin nu la sach giao khoa.
Stich tang nhtr vay cling c6 khi ma"t, nen cac nha

d8ng nha van khong ua n6 chut nao.


Tat nhien, ta khong the ban trtrc tip cho dc gia
hoc cac tiem sach a kh$p not trong ntr&c, Ta phai
nh& cac nha phat hanh lam trung gian t nhtrng theo toi,

xuat ban Au My thtr&ng g&i theo sach mot to"m thie"p dan

khong nen de cho mot nha nao lam (:tong phat hanh ma

co sin, ghi ten ngtr&i nhan cting dia chi cua' minh va

nen giao cho nhieu nha, vi giao cho mqt nha dc quyen

yeu cu ngur&i nay he nhan dirge sach thi g&i tam

-ma nha do lam viec bat Itrc thi thiet hai 1&n.

thiep d6 trb lai,


Can nhtr quang cao mat tien thi co hang chic c'ach,
nhtr in b6 cao dan r dtr&ng hoc phat cho khach di
dtr&ng, in mtcc lc sach, quang cao tren man anh, quang
cao & bia cu6n sach trtr&c, in mot ta'm bang de bao
s'ach...Cach thtr&ng nhaat la long tren bao. Tieu thuy"et

Co nhieu each ban


Ban tin mat, Stich cua ban de hoa bong cao vA
phai dime nha phat hanh tin is se chay thi hoa may hg
moa i chiu mua tin mat. Ma co mua, cling chi mua mot
s6 rat it.

thi nen long, tren nhat bao, sach khao ciru co mot so dc

Ban chiu, nhtrng ban thrt. -- Nha phat hanh

gia rieng thi nen long tren tuan bao hoc nguygt san.

mua sach roi khong co quyen tra lai, nhtrng dtrac tra tin

Phi clang ba, bon ky lien tip m&i c6 cong hieu.

lam nhieu ky han, khi nhan each tra root so la bao nhieu
day, con lai se tra dan trong moi thing sau.

Gia quang cao rat thay dai, thy so dc gia cia t& bao.
Ngtr&i ta lay mot khoang dai bang chieu ngang cot bao
(khoang S phan) va cao rn it phan, lam don vi, g9i la

G3i ban._ Theo each nay, sanh 9 thi nha phat


dsanh co quyen tra lai. Khi nhan sach, nh3 phat harsh cb

TAC GIA TIJ" XLJ^T BAN


202

203

NGEIL VIgT VAN


met nam d'A thanh trieuphia. Nam 1947, & HA N6i, met

thL- ch(r kh6ng b6 bu6c tra truck m6t s6 tien,


thing sau h9 tinh s8, bin dtrqc bao nhiett
nhieu. Nh

tri ba'y

vay hoa hang de cho h9 co th'e thap.

Bin cho ngtreri nhan mua trtr&c Sich mai


bit d'au in, ban g&i th

nhA no chi in truyen Kieu met each cau tha ma 164


dtrqc hang tram ngan &Ong. Nl&i tan cur ve, sich v& mat
het, ai chang mtain co met ctiO'n Kieu do ngam nga
cho do. buOn, dii dat may ma khOng meta?

hoac quing cao di khip

d6c gii riao chiu mua thi tieing trtrerc m6t s6 tien, in
xong, ban se g&i sich. Nha xuat bin chi datig c oach d6
khi phii in nhiing b6 sich day, t6n nhieu tien, nhtr cic

Bei vay, nha do in nam ngan cu6n Kieu, m&i


met thing d5 ban het, lan sau danh bp in gap d6i, khOng
ng

van khOng de ban, 141 phai in them


Xuat ban lay, ban phai dam dtrang het nhiing cOng

loai tir ditn.

viec ke tren, song kheo t6 chive thi khOng ton thi gi


otT Phip, d6c gia dOng, sich nhieu, hue
hang de cho cic nha phit hanh thtr&ng la 40%

cho

lAm, mai ngAy chi be vii ba gi& la met nam CO the xuat
ban dtrqc sau cu6n.

gii bin. Loai sich khoa h9c hoa hang ha nhat,


tieu thuyet hoa hang cao nhat.

Nhtrng tai xin din Ic'y ban dieu neu ban chtra

ntrerc ta, loai khao circa


hoa hang thtr&ng la 35% (x), con Ioai tieu thuyet nhat

dtrac nhieu dec gia biet den ma lai chi viet dtro c mot

la loai kiim hiep m6t d'Ong, thi hoa IfOng co khi tai 5o%

cu6n thi dirng nen xuat ban lay; cic nha plat hAnh khOng

khOng chirng.

chiu mua sach ctla ban nu, ban phai gei bin va thu
tien se rat chant. TOi biet ba trtr&ng hyp nhir vay:

Ngtr&i ta da nghiem rang sich bin c6 xmla, nhunhieu man hang khic. Ching han, & Phip, tau thuy'et
bin chay nhit vao mfta Xuan va mila Thu ; & ben ta,.
trong cic vi bai trtrly ng va tuu trtr&ng sich bin manh
Mat vho hai
has

met tap tho. , met tieu thuyet, met cu6n khao ciru deu
co gia tri ma hai nam tri&i thu de von chi vi xuat ban le
loi.
Mu6n that-1h ding, ta phai gom it nhat nam sau tic

Sau m6t cu6c chin tranh kha dai, s6 d6c gia bao gi&

;sham co gia tri, de ban (viva cea ta, viva cda nhirng ban
than) kiem &Live met s6 v6n khoing sau chitc ngan dOng,

ding tang va nhieu nha xuat ban kheo dau co', chi trong

(t) d5t met ten cho nha xuat ban rei xuat ban deu deu

(I) HiOn nay (1968) khOng

(I) Hies nay (1968) phai c6 do 200.000d

40% va

c6

khi tai 60%

0
TAC CIA TU' XUAT BAN

hai thing mot cu6n, nhtr v5y cac nha phat hanh mlri Itru }
i.&i va chju mua sack cua ta. Da" xuat ban dw yC sau cu6n
ma ban du du khng c"thi ta khi phai them v6n nira,
s6

IM

NGHE Vt T VAN

204

ti n ban s'ach du lam v6n luan chuyen dt cho ta xuat

Huong ho & ntr&c ta, mtrc i nha van chi dtr4rc; vA1
7
ba ngtr6,i du' sting ; can mtrc i nh'a xuaat bin thl fIgtrM
nao sung song dtr (s) v^ c6 ngtr&i lam giau rat u i : iii
Cac tiem sach cu.ng vRy. Ni mot dieu d6 cdu ch t,
thay hang ngtr&i nao b} thiet th6i rbi,

bin them va c6 m6n chi tieu hang thing.


Xa hoi da chtra chiu thay doi thi ta chi con toot
cach Ia to chirc d&i s6ng cua ta trong khi ch& dgii. V,Iy
T6i bit it nha An c6 du nhi ng di"eu kin ay de
xuat ban lay tic pham cua minh. Kh6lam. Nhtrng cang
kh6 cang phai ran. Ta d^ nhat djnh lira nghe cam but
thl phai dir bi tir trtr&c ma to chtrc do'i s6ng cua ta.
Lam mot nghe thin nhi de s6ng, danh dtim moi nam mot
s6 tin, viet trir&c vai ba tic pham, tim ban sung chi
htr&ng cling hang h'ai theo dui mot muc Bich, thi trong
r
nam nam, co khi s&m ho n, la ta da lam chi mot nha
xua't ban nho nh6 dtrac roi.
Xa hi c6 rat nhieu cai ba"t cong. Ke rut rut ra vi6t
rnot cu6n sach hang nam, sau thing chi dirotc lanh to o
gia ban ; con ke c6 vii chic ngan bo ra lam v6n, mbi ngay
trong nom cng viec in, ban do mot, hai gi& thi l&i dtroc

h&i cac ban cats but, chungta ha"y nen ran hop nhau I^ti.
moi nhbm bon nam ngtr&i, gay mat so" voon, tir xuat b: n
l 3r.
va Y, chan g nhCrn g 1 i ve v"t
Y
^ cha"t cho gia
Binh chung ta, chang nhirng 1ai ve tinh than cho chting
ta s e" khoi p hai c hieu 3' mot nha xuat
g
nao hat, ma What 1a 14i con Igi cho van h6a'Vigt Nam,
ta vi chun

vi cha khi nao co nhieu nh'a xua"t ban ca nhirng nha van
ding d n thi cac cay brit c6 tai m&i

dtrqc nang d&,


quan chung to&i du r crc htr&ng dan, khoi
bj dau dc va cac tic pharn co gia trj ma kh6 ban m&i
xuat hien dtxac,
khuy"en khich,

Toi thie"t tha mong dieu d6 lAm, Wien da dai dong.


vie"t chtrang trtr&c va chuo-ng nay, ne"u c6 ban nao cho
la rtram ra, thi xin Itrgng tht'x.

2o%. Bao nha xuat ban,phai d ugc 1&i nhi"eu vi can chiu
sir rui ro khi ban sach e ; dieu d6 c6 phan hiru 1y ;
nhtrng ta thin hi trung binh mtr&i cu6n sach in ra c6
may

cu6n ban "e, can mu'&Ji cu6n viCt ra, c6 bao vhieu

cu6n khong ban dtro'c cho nha xua"t ban? Vay thl nha
'van cu ng c6 sir rui ro day char ?

(1) To khong ke nb&ng nha xuat ben tei ttf, u7$i n th chi chi
ra vii coo"n thi tat khong khA dime,

TAM LI' DOC GIA

207

Ve hai dieu tren, nha van phai nhan 18i. M8i tac
pham khi da bay O . tiem sich la tim nherng doc gia thich
11. 9) v&i no : chang han loci tieutbuyet la cal tim nherng
d6c gia binh clan, khao ciru tim hang trung ltru co hoc,
Neu chinh nhang d6c gia do phai cite la viet thieu nghe
thuat hoac khO hieu qua thi nha van khong con ttr bac)
china gi duvc ntia.
CIIIYO'NG IV

CO nhirng ke mia mai :


-- Hoc gia by gier 'ay ma, chi thich T6ng Chan, Citc
9

TAM LY 99C GIA.

Hoa, Chinh DOng, Chinh Tay thi lam sao tieu thuyet
ctla tOi ban chay duce ?
hoac biu med not :

Nha van c6 the khOng can tien, cling cet the khOng
can danh, nhtrng nhSt dinh la phai can d6c gia. Tat
nhien c6 tic pham ken dOc gia, c6 tic pham khOng ; ce

Chtra co sire hoc ph6 thOng ma dam the skit la


khO hieu.

ngtreri viet cho &rang th&i, c6 ke vi'et cho h4u the (I),
nhtrng da viet thl ai ding mong c6 ngtreri doc mInh,
nets khetng thi viet lam gi ?
V4y chi nhung ke dien nhtr Huy Cin trong bai ttya
cuEin Kinh Cdu Ttr mbi ca gan dim khinh miet dOc gia,
con nha van nao cling can tim hieu ban doc cita minh.

Nhfing ke do deu vS 1Y-. TOi ngh1 ta phai tity theo


trinh d6 cua d8c gia ma viet, dec gia co hieu ta, thich
ta rOi ta dan dan htrerng clan ho dtro'c. Hay luyen
mot 16i van binh di rbi ke nhirng chuyen ly kY trongx3
hei chOng ta &rung song di, thir xem quan chting cO
b6 Chinh DOng, Chinh Tay ma doc tieu thuyet ctia ta

123t6c gia c6 the trach tic gia ba dieu : viet d6, viet
khO qui, bin dat qui.
(I) Nhtr Ttr Ma Thien. Ong soap bg Sir ky va dinh chop sau no
trong ntti cho ngtr&i dvi sau dao len doc.

khOng ? Ma lieu d8c gia cht a c6 sire hoc plr6 thOng


thi ta cang phai viet rat 1 . 6' rang cho d6c gia bit (Jut%
nhang dieu ph6 thong roi dan &in den slit vac, con
dtr&ng hoc van, Nhtr vay mOi l^ lam trop trach nhiem

208

NGHP, ViC1 VAl ^

TAM L1

DC GA

207E

cua ta chir- T6i tin ring di6u gi hi a r6 thi tat giang:

khi in xong bay & tiem thi ngtriri mua phan d6ng chi

dtr.yc ma nu giing kh6ng duroc thi 1'd vi hieu kh6ng ra,

xet tai prang. Mt tam khan b'an theu tay co khi d t gap
nam mot tom theu may thi khong ai the la cao gi'a, con

Ngoai ra ta tai nen bit"t tam ly chung cua d6c gia la.
khOng co thi gi& ma cung khong chju met oc de dcc.:

mot tic pham vi"et cOng phu ga"p mtr&i mot tac pham khac
thi phan dng doc gia lai khong chiu phan bitt

can than v'a tim hieu, cho nen ta lai cang phai viet minh.

ang thau.

Tuy nhien, xit cho ky, 1oi cung khang phai & doc

batch.
h7en dieu the thin ba : sach ban dat qua thi toi
phai nhan rang, trong it nhieu trtr&ng hop, doc gia.

gii. Di da so" doc gia lam sao ro du'dc cling phu trir
tic, roi cOng phu in va so" sach in ra ? Co may ngu&i
ttr&ng ttrgng dtrc c rang phai d9c hang chuc, hang tram

khong hieu ro tinh hinh sach a ntr&c nha.

cuun sach m&i vi"et dirac mot cuOn Bich khao ciru, phai
Tai nh& d i doc mot bai ky ten ((Mot doc gia ding
tren bao Viet Thanh ma"y nam tru &c. Tic gi i bai d&
ke chuyen mot horn vao tim sach no, gap mot ngtro'i
ban muo"n mua cu6n Nho giro cua Tran Trong Kim ma.
con clan do, so sanh gia tin v&i so trang xem sach dat
hoon tieu thuyet nhieukhong, roi tic gia kit lu4n

phdi xet nd nhw xet mat mon hang. Mt thir6 c vii vcri
nhtr

lai ban thao ba bon lan, phai chau chin & nha in hang
thing de kiem soat viec an bat, co khi phai Bich than
chay di rnua chin ve sap I"ay ?
Ton cOng da lam, ton cua ding nhieu, ma vi la loci

a Skch thin nay da thanh mot mon hang thi tcc


mot thu ac la kho bang nhau ma gid ddu 'co

thirc tron dim d''e sira china dtrcvc mot trang, phai chip

nhau?

Mt cry viet Parker vii mot cdy vie"t Pilot gid

khao ciru khong dam in ra tren ngan rtr&i cu6n, thi gi^.
each dot c6 dat gap di nhirng ti u thuyet viet trong bay
ngay va in mot lan nam mtr&i ngan ban, cung On la re,.
r lam. 17oc gia hieu sao dun tc nhirng tinh canh 06?

cdch nhau mot trai mot vrrc thl sack citing 1y cunt

Nhung nha van khong nen bun vi v4y, va khi lira

phai vdy chi ? Mua bdt ky mon hang gi, ta xem


phdm Zan lwong ma sao mua sach ta chi chi y tai

ugh viet van, nhtr ti da n6i, ban da m4c nhien ky giao.


keo v&i xa hi, chiu nha.n trtr&c rnoi sir bat cOng roi,

hro n ng ?

khong diruc an han gi ca. Ban lu6n luOn phai ran gom

>.

Xa hoi qua co bat cong nhu v4y. S'ach la mot m6rr


hang can pham nhirt chir khong can lbr^ng the" ma mot

Ian man thr^'c mot so doc gia trung thanh de bao dam
ttro ng lai cua ban.

210

NGHg VIET VAN

Emile Henriot n6i :

Ba nghin doc gid trung thanh, brit each d9c,


ditch each suy nghi viz ph6 diJn clia ban, docin r5
nhirng tai ngOn ngoqi cda ban, do-i sach mai cia
ban riii mua, threu veri ngzriri chungquanh lam
cho h9 thich nei : d6, tham v9ng ciza mot nha vein c6 tir
twang nen kin chi 0' ch45 dy la gom dui c mot nhOm
ban haw tdn tdm, haw Ich mot each thong minh. Vic
dO khOng phdi mot ngay lam nen dtrfrc ddu ; nhirng cal
nhOm np iri c6 thie:n cdm ay, mot khi dal cd rizi thi
moi ngizy nay nir them len, niu nha van dcing cho h9
men ; va khOng cd gi ngan can nhOm tri thziT tru tzi dO
In& ngay kia thank da so" dOc gici, Tat ca nhirng dig van
hap thi kji nay feu trong c(ly vao nhOm ay, tir Stendhal
tai A.France,
Dime inSt nheim dOc gia trung thanh va thOng minh,
c6 IE la phan thtthng qui nhat cda nha van. VA theo tOi,
nEu nh6m d6 IA thanh nien thi trach niem nha van khi

TAM Li DOC CIA

211

Jeune postiriti chin vivant qui vous aitne


Flots d'amis renaissants Puissent mes destinies
Vous amener a moi, de dix en dix atzrzies.
Attentifs a mon oeuvre, et pour moi c'est assez I
Tcing len mai, ed . moi nam, lap lap,
Ban crin tOi, cham chzi doe tho' tOi.
Hku sinh
thanh nien COI yeu
y
arc c ve:cy cheing, man nguy?n vai tOi rOi I
Theo Bang Tam, m6t nfr si chuyen giix m4c nhi
(dOng tren nhieu t^. bac) Trung Hoa, thi hang d6c gia
trung thanh nhat va de thtrang nhat l^ hang d6c gia ti
hon. BA not khOng gi cam d6ng bang nh'an dtrerc thtr cu a
cac em giuc viet tiip truyen nhting nAng Tien ao 06,
ao xanh, hoac yeu cau cho em be trong truyen tim dirge
cha me, cho ten bao chtia chit phat di, s6ng chi cho
ang Nhin nherng hang chic nguech ngoac, dpc
nhfing lai ngay tha, ba ttr6 . ng ttro:ng hang ngAn cap mat

na;:ag, phai htrO ng din ca mot th e' nhtrng cal vui

long lanh, hang ngan nu ctrey i h6n nhien bao vay ba,

cting cao han ma cong viec ciing clt c6 kEt qua flan vi

hang ngAn cai mieng xinh xinh, he ra nhtr de nag lai ba

lafn tri v6n nhieu nhiEt huyit.

hang ngan cap moi 06 chOt niing niu vai

Thi ha Alfred de Vigny su6t diri chi mong dtmc

Nita van

to da ai &rye cai vui d6 chtra nhi ?

nhtr v4y.
Trong bai tho. I.' esprit pur ( Tinh than trong sach)
tong viEt

B6n nam trtr&c, tai qu4n


ikheng c^ tim sach. DOng bao mien do co

( Long.Xuyen)
mua sach

212

213

YAM LY DOC CIA

NGHE v1P-T vAN


R

Nha xua't b'an lai nett hp'p tic v&i nha Bach v'a nha van

ch8 khac khong ? Khing. Da ma"t tong ma 1& mua pha


melt cu6n khng vira y thi them uong tin. Tir khi cb-

t"c di8u tra xem doc gia mua mot cuOn si ch vi le" gi,

nguai m& tim sach & not do, so sach ban dtrgt gan;

tau quang c iao c6 nhieu ke"t qua, ma ban sach dtrac

bang mot phan to so" sach ban tai chau thanh Long:

irianh.

Xuyen.

Ong R. Basch, trong cuOn L'auteur et son dditeu ,


Vie" chuygn rang mot nha xuat ban Dfrc, ten 1'a Eugene
Diederich bo vAo moi cuon s'ach mot tam btru thi6p yeu
cu doc giA g&i tam ay ve nha xult ban va cho bitt 1'
-do da mua cu6n 5y. Roi Diederich thu th4p nhfrng can
dap, 13p thanh ban thong ke duai day:

Vay s'ach phai di tim doc gia ch{r dt c gia it khi tim
sach va hien nay mfrc tieu thu sach a ntrac to con co the
tang 1en dirorc nhieu. Sir giao thong d^ de ding, cat
nha phat hanh nen dat them dai 1' & moi quan, moi
cho
Cac nh3 xuat ban nen nghien cuu vin d"e gay sir

So

thutr
,

I Dan ong

LY DO MUA SACH

Dan bi

ham roc sach trong dai chung va t&i tr&c ao Chinh phu_
1

Vi doc

1 8,1 %

17,6

Co nguai

th u.

14,2

17

Hfi doc nhOng tic pham khac ca tic gia

13,8

12

Nhdn du ac nhfrng to quang cao,


chiro r ng trinh dc

Thay Bach bay &

tiem.

9,8
8,6

ky ngtriri Viet nao tir x5 den 6o tuoi ciing ph.lti bitt doc,,
bitt viet.

Nhan duro'c muc

luc

xuc tin tong viec truyen b^ van h6a nhtr la lop mot ke'hoach, dinb :
-- btr&c thir nhirt : not trong mot hay hai nam, bit:

nhfrng

banbao co, ph^Sc trir.h.

bi"et

l ira sach

gi6i

biet

6,7

5,4

Nha ban sach giai thieu.

5,2

D"an de" khao ciru,

4,7

3,3

Quang cao bang yet thi.

1,2

de pho thong nhii ng tri thirc can thiet trong quan thing;

10

Bai tren bao.

3,3

d6ng th&i htr&ng din khuyen khich sir to hoc trong moi

11

Dien thuyct.

2,8

12

Co

2,6

3,3

13

Bi trfch ding hoac in

2,1

14

Nhn cach cua tic gia.

1,3

2,5
1,7

1 5

Sach m ran

0,8

1,2

16

Linh

btr&c thir nhi : m& nhiirng l&p toi, lap thtr

vin

tirng lop, trong gio'i tong cht:rc trtr&c het, 1qi khuyeen
khich sir tr[r tic, nh'at la tong viec sown mot bo ttr din
Viet Nam, mot bo Bach khoa ttr din, vA mot coon Ngu:
phap.

sach.

ngu&i da frith dan trong Bach khac.


de'

quang

v8 nhil coi qua,

tinh thuac ve" cch trinh bay.

cao.

214

NCHE VIET VAN,

Chting ta chtra th? tin ket qu5 cita cuec thi nghiettr
gy

dec gii Dirc kh6ng phai IA dec gia Viet Nam, d6c.
gia thel trtr&c khac dec gia bay gia, vi lai cOn thy loci
sich nfrasong it nhgt Diederich cling biet rang dec gia/
mua sich vl rat nhieu lY do va hieu dtro. c tam lY
chting thi quing cio tit c6 ket qua hart s sach ban chic
d6 hctn.
Van hoc cita ta sip btr&c vac) met kir nguyen meri,
chung ta sip c6 met 16p dec gia m &i. Chien tranh

CHUVNG V

ngtrng dttvc met narn, van de xay cityng va gi^o h6a


tan dan se
thinh kh5n thi'et nhOt. ChAng bao lau

Lai PHE BINH CUA EX)C GI;k

biet doe, biet (r) Tin trtr&c t&i nay dec gia phan
_long trong giai cap tieu ttr sari ; rei day nhiing dOc

TOi tiiOng nh^ vOn cling phai can can don


gen nhtr chien si.

gia tug thuyen va neng dan se dOng hurl het nen van;
nhan khOng the quen ho.

STEN DHAL
Bbi vi ban khdic tOi cho nen tai yeu ban,

Met se van nhan nhtr Trieu San, trong cu6n Corr


dtr&ng van nghe mei &A trong thly vin anh do va
khuyEn cac van nghe si, nhat la cac thi nhan, kich gia;.
tieu thuyet gia, phai di sat dai chting a Con dtriy ng mCri;),
do rat kh6 theo, phai ran lOc chting re van m&i.
di sat dai chting dtro:c, nen ly thuyet da nhieu ngtreri n6i
ma thtrc hanh thi chtra ai lam . Tity nhien ai cling phai
nhan rang lich sir nghe thuat se la lich sir cua dai
thing va s6 pha'n van chtrang rang buec veri se phart
Eiai cap dai chting.
(1) VI chien trauh hi0 nay (1969) cong viec xay diyng van fuSa
iai phai tre ca chuc nant roi vi khong biet eon tre trong bao nhieu ague_
tint.

yet, ban vi nhirng chci ban khac


A. GIDE.

Lai khen cna nha phe binh co the vi nhtr ngon gi&
cang canh burn cila van /Alan, dtra thanh cOng va
danh vong chang han nhtr Marcel Proust dtro'c Leon
Daudet nhiet liet ca-tong ma not danh khAp the gi&i
('Prong trtr&ng ha . p Ay, ai str&ng hem ai ngtrOi da
tint dtro. c met thi^n tai hay ke &I've dtra len hang
thien tai ?)

NGHE V1tT VAN

216

Ma lei the cup nha phe binh sung co the vi nh^r

ngon song danh up luOn chie"c thuyen cCta van nhan Too
khng nh& da doc & di u rang mot tic gia & Phap da

ttr-tir vi bj chi-trick th4m-te

va tOi chac mot kich-gia

no it ntr&c ta khong can ham soan kich nira sau khi tic
pham bi the ve not dung

1a s6 kh6ng, ve hinh thirc

cung la s6 khzng, cong hai s6 khong

van thanh

s6

LOrl PHE BINH COA 1 C Gl,,

217

Aa chi they nhfirng ngurai it hoc, thiu tai lei ph@ binh vi
ne tinh, vi ghen ghat hoc vi tien,
Doc giz d

nhan dtro p c hang phe binh vi cam tinh

hoac vi this oan, khing n& nang 1&i ve nhOxng cho thien
tech ctia bon tren va khinh

bi thai do ti tieu cua

bon

dtr&i; nhur ng kh6 phan bit dtrgc hang phe binh vi tin.
Hang nay kh6n-kheo lam, c^ ve nhtr cong tam nen d8
lira gat nhieu ngtxai.

khng.
TOi ttrang ne"u the pham hoan town la sit con s6

Tai Au, My tap chi van chtr ng nao clang co mot

akhng nhtr voy thi nen quen di, chic phe binh ma lam
chi ? ^Ja chat gi madam qua quye"t la con so" khng vi

nh3 chuyen giir miuc phe binh. Ho d"eu la nha van, co

phe binh dai danh khap the-gi&i mtri

tai gi&i thieu clang c6 gia tri. Tac pham nao d rVc ho

lin xet down clang c ba, b5n ian sai. Ma dOt ta xet

khen thir&ng de ban, nen cac nha xuat bin, nhat la cac

ca nhung nha

khong lam di nCra thi mat sat ngu&i

On

nhan

khong

it nhieu kinh nghiem va tieng tam, dtruc dc gia tin va

nha van china cb ten

tuoi, tranh nhau cu than vO b i ho,

phai la each lam cho ngithi chiu nhan loi ma sira minh.

h6i 10 ho; va ho c6 mot so bi cai lqi am nhan, da ban re

CO khi ta con di ngtrcyc mtzc Bich cua ta nixa, muo"n cho

cay but cua minh, chi doi lay mot ky ca phe hoc dtr&ng

snot tic pham bi chon viai ma ta the qua, doc gia c6 the

trong th&i khan thu'c pham.

vi hieu ky, lei tim mua ve coi cho ky dtroc

V^y chi men phe binh nhi ng tic pham c.^ it nhieu

O" ntr&c nha, hi tin chin, clang da c6 nhi ng


yin si mua nha phe binh bang mot tic rtrau, mot chau

pia tri, de c the vine the vtxa khan. 1`Thu the phe-binh

hat. Lai c6 ke trang tron t&i nOl yeu cm tz ban than bi

m&i c tinh each kie"n thiet vi ich lui cho van hoc

nho mink, chi trick tac pham minh kick liet tren bao,
roi ttr viet bai dap, hoc nh& mot ban than khac dap de`

Nha phe binh, muon lam tron nhiem vu mot vien

doc gia chti y t&i ten minh. Doc nhirng bai but chin cad

ngu' sir tren van din, phai la mot nghg si hoc rung, car
cong tam vi kliong c6 thanh kin' Hang ngtroi vb du

ai ma khong ttxong rang hai ben is nh&ng ke thtt khong


.:, dai trai chung ? Ho dung du nh&ng danh to hang tam

nhCr ,g dizu-kin ay th&i nao clang rat him vi thix&ng

hang ca de tang nhau -- ch vay dal da sO dc giA m&i

218

WI PHE BiNH CCJA DOC CIA

NGHE VIET VAN.

219

thich chic Ito nhtr muOn an song nuOt ttrai nhau,

r5t kb6 phi co mot bin linh cao, biet phuc thien ma

tan tong nhau tai tip, ai nger dau d6 la met man kich

ciing biet khoan hOng . Rat it ngueri co nhikng dire ay

dt dinh lira dec gii.

nen bao gi& ta Gang kinh men met nha vain bi chi trich
ma bit binh virc quan niern cua minh tn9t each hea nha

Ngtreri ta bio van nghe khi nao phit tritn manh

nhtr Tfan Trong Kim khi tra Iii nhing hal Ph^ birth
Nho gido cila Phan IChOl.

thi tren van clan xu5t hien nhitu nha phe binh. Lei 16
cfmg c6 1Sr. Tim chin nam trtrerc chin tranh, tau thuyet
flitting bai pht binh ctia cic van si trong nhOm n5y hay

Thai de dia Phan van Hum sau kh.i d9c xong


13a Xuyen phe binh cuOn Vtr ng Dtrcrng Minh ctla Ong

nhesm khic ; tir 1947 teri nay, van nghe suy, cic nhiphe

ciing rat dep. Ba Xuyen nha nh4n vach nhieu 18i Bich

vi thi m&i tin rat mau,va tren tun bio nao ta ding th

binh cling im tieng. Tha im tieng cOn herr', chic gay

sai nghia rat nang cua tic gia, tic gia nha'n Ifet Ira cam

nhikng culic brit chin bi hal kich nhtr tren thi chi 14i

an bang may van sau day :

cho van nght Ara lam cho dOc gii mat thi gier.

mtreri nha thi c6 chin nha, khi bi chi trich not d6a len,

Phdp van nghi'en ngiim mdy mtroi nam


Van phdp can bao ch3 tdi tarn,
Han tr." minh en tim doc ldy,
Leiy ddu tranh du'7c hieu khOng nham.
Cam o n day bdo bao
Ven mdy cho thdy lung trod, cling ai !

dO mat tia tai, mat An, mat ngit, va th5t ra nheng

Ai da vik lath lau nam deu titian thay cang hoc

Mu het nha van nao cling c6 long tir ai ratmanh, coi tic plas m ctia minh la danh dkr ctia minh, nen

chang van chtrang chtit nao ci.

cang thay mink dOt, va can than tOi dau thi pham

Met d4i van hao nhir Montesquieu ma cling ult


irc, thOt len cau nay de mang nheng ka da mat sit Ong:

cit'a minh ciing cOn nhieu loi nang.

aTOi la met ca. ), 16n, bon cluing la nheng con c6c ; c6c

t6 ra ininh thieu !Ong tty tin thi tOi chic phan dOng dpc

kl4c noc & g6c cay, cay ceo sao dau ?Vang,cay thi khOng

gia khOng thich. Ta c6 the ng6' rang ngithi dO thieu ban

sao, nhung chic chin la Ong di cam gan lam nen m&i

lanh. INgttvc Jai net s6 nha van bi chi trich, khOng

Tuy nhien, phttc thien ma tO'i chi rtu c qua ding,

n6i v4y cho hi, Gift dtro c thii de binh tinh la met vitc:

Mr_

sao tra Jeri dusic, thue du cOn dOn danh del phtro'ng

NGHE VIET VAN

220

L YI PI -IE BINH C JA F)C)C CIA

22t

ding cho ta ngac nhien. La hing nhat la sao cb nhirng ke_

Bi the chtra liars d3 gang hubtl tna dtrgc khan c mg,.


chtra ding vui, vi nhirng 161 kheu v61 che; dtl cOng binb_..

cam but ma diing chin thu t cua din ba, cho em chau

di nira, chi c6 mot gia tri to Yig dOi-

trong cac duong hem ; chuyen db thtr&ng xay ra, khong

mom loa n3ep giai ra chiri ke dich: hp khong tra 1&i

Charles Braibant da thu th1p het nhu'ng l&i phe

ngtr&i chi trich mgt ngtr&i dirng din ding cho ho tra

binh tren bao ve tieu thuy'et t Soleil de Mars cua Ong.

l&i chit ma bao nem Au viet bai mat sat 1ai. Con c6

Toi xin trich lai dtr&i day de ban doc.

the n6i nang gi duac v&i hang ngtr&i nhtr vay ? Ho


lam ra ve ta cao ca day, khong them phi l&i, cb ng& dau
thai do d6 chi ding khinh biKhi bi chi trich, ban dirng nen tra l&i ngay, the
nao y kin dia ban cling se thi@n tech, giong cua ban
sung se mia mai, btrc tire, khiem nha Nn di do mot
tun

If

sau se' dap va trtro c khi gai ding, nen nh& mot

ngtr&i than lay cong tam doc bai cua ban, xet du la
phai, dau la trai va sira chiia lai gii mNe"u ban da' not danh ma c6 mot

On

si tap sir xuyen

tic d'e the bai va nbi xa'u ban thi ban nen dap hay nen
im ? Trtr&ng hgp nay cling hcri kho xir. Mot anh ban
tei bao ne"u im thi mac mtru y, y se" ttr la"y lam dac chi
la d^ thing duorc mot danh si, cho nen tot ho a n la ban
muvn ngtr&i viet hoac ky ten khac d'e thanh minh v&i
cdoc gia. T6i ttr&ng khong can nhtr vay : he trong bai
cua y c6 cho nao ding tra i&i thi cf nghiem trang tra
I&i roi ky ten that, khong ding tra l&i thi thoi, va neu y

Ve phtro ng dien ke
chuyen tic gi 'a d3 that bai,
(Claude Vanquier
T6, La Tribune provenoale)
Mot ngtr&i din anh
nhin do i sau cap kinh
bien hinh.
(Jean Pierre Maxence.

Mot tic gia tr6,i phu


cho tai vie"t, mot nha ke
chuyen kieu ma.u.
(Francois --- T& Le

jour)
Tieu thuye"t rat ttr
nhien (Marius Richard.
Tap chi La Revue de
France).

Ta Gringoire).
Ong lung tung khi Ong
ngtrng ke ma phe binh
can chuyen, de khuyen
dtt ta suy nghi ve nhirng
van ^ ii do thai, ttr ban
^i quoc qua khich t&i
bai ngoai.

chanh tri, phan do co le

(Rene Lalou. Les


nouvelles litteraires)

( Martin Maurice. -To La lumiere)

Tieu thuye"t cua Ong


Charles Braibant co mot
phtro a ng din tam 1y
la Phan bo ich va mo'l
me inh"at.

de hen, d^ d"Ong den d6,i ttr cua ban, lam hi den danh
der ban thi da c6 cong lu3n va cong 1.

Niot nha phe binh khac, Andre Rousseaux, trong,

NGElt.

122

vtEr VAN

ter Figaro the truyen do kem truyen Enfants aveugles


;: ita Bruno Gay Lussac. Robert Brassillach, trong tir

ip

Action francaise, trai 14i, khen la vO' citng hay hcrn

MV C LVC

truyen Enfants aveugles.


Nhtr vay c6 nvc ctrOi khOng chir ? Nqc ctrei
nhung rat de hi'ett. DA cong tam thi moi nha phe binh
at/1g c^ nhang tinh cam rieng, quan niem rieng,
hi'Lt bit rieng, nen xet down thtr&ng kliac nhau xa.
Va n'eu may man, ban duvc ph'an Bong dOc gia
thOng minh deu ca tong thi ban lai tang khOng nen
vui

Gifir dtrqc lOng men cita dOc gia la mot viec v6

citng si Margaret Mitchell da by sinh nam


van my kim khoang hai ba trieu bac -- (t)
khOi lam that vong d6c gia. Khi danh co da yang

khip ntthe M'y,nhieu to bac) xin tra co trtr&c s6 tin ay


co viec cho mot truyen ngan, co six ch6i vi chtra
tim ducyc cot truyen hay. Met cir d6 cf.-mg clang

Thay lrri ttra.


PHAN THU' N1167.

VIL

r VAN HIUN NAY

ClurGetzg
Vik van la nOt Tighe
9
s
Nghe
vik
van
&
ntrcfrc
to
hien
nay
23
Chtro'ng II.
Claravtg III. Nhang diets kin de thank c6ng
Chuvng IV. Van nhan trong xa 110
45
PHAN THU" NHL VIPT VAN
Chn ng I. Theyi ky dty bi
Chtne tzg II-- TZ3 chirc dCri song
Chu ng III. - Van de nguyen sac
Chu trng IV Tim y
Clurwrzg
Viet
Chirtrng VI'.- Trinh bay tic phalli

65
78
93
t03
tt5
/31

cho co dtrac giai thtthng Nobel rOi. Ban thir ttr&ng

ttro'ng: met truyO nett) co the viet trong vai ngay


xong ma tra hai, ba triett bac ! Ban co hung tam dtrac
nhtr vay khOng ? Neu CO thi chat chin trong nglie viet
van ban se co mot ttro'ng lai chOi loi.

(1) Bang nam sau tri@i nam 1968.

R6I BAN
cho nha bio va nha xuat bin 1413
Chu ng I
TO' giao keo nhtrog bin quyett 162
Chlrong
192
Tic Oa tkr xuat ban
Chirryng
206
Chwang IV. Tam ly Oc gat
.2t1
ctia
dGc
gia
Chuang V Lei phe:binh

PHAN THU' BA.

DINH CHINH
Nhirng s6 c6 chi& d & eau xin de"m to durbi len

TRANG

HANG

IN SAI

20

8d

qui y

26

3d

3% kid sich

98

3d

t6 phong_,

133

t i bitt
glAp

5
1 45

I Od

161

nhwng Id-i

172

1966

BUNG

Cy

qui

g
30 ; gi sAch

tdC
t6i

phorg
bitt

nhibu

dip

cheo
len chCr V va p, a
du hang'
nhirng nhh
thern m6t goch

1866

N/ in HONG LAM 52 Nguygn Binh Khiem Saigon.

You might also like