LOS PRONOMBRES

Pronombres personales
I (i): Yo (primera persona singular).
You (yi): T, usted (segunda persona singular).
He (ji): l (tercera persona singular).
She (shi): Ella (tercera persona singular).
It (it): l, ella, ello- neutro (3a persona singular; relativo a animales,
cosas...).
We (wu): nosotros, nosotras (1a persona plural).
You (yi): Ustedes, vosotros, vosotras (2a persona plural).
They (di): Ellos, ellas (3a persona plural).
Pronombres objetivos
Me (mi): m, me (relativo a I o 1a persona singular).
You (yi): t, te (relativo a you o 2a persona singular).
Him (jim): le, lo (relativo a l o 3a persona singular).
Her (jer): le, la (relativo a ella o 3a persona singular).
It (it): le. Lo, la (relativo a l, ella, ello 3a pers. sing.: animales,
cosas...).
Us (os, as): nos (relativo a we o 1a persona plural).
You (yi): os, les, los, las (relativo a you o 2a persona plural).
Them (dem): les, los, las (relativo a they o 3a persona plural).
Pronombres posesivos
Mine (min): mo(s), ma(s).
Yours (yiars, yirs): tuyo(a), suyo(a), tuyos(as), suyos(as) (rel. a you).
His (jis): su, suyo(a), suyos(as) (rel. a he /3a persona singular).
Hers (jers): su, suyo(a), suyos(as) (rel. a she /3a persona singular).
Its (its): su, suyo(as)...(rel. a it /3a pers. sing. /animales, cosas,
objetos).
Ours (urs): nuestro(a), de nosotros...(relativo a we).
Yours (yiars, yirs): vuestro(a), de ustedes...(relativo a you).
Theirs (dirs, ders): suyo(a), de ellos(as)...(relativo a they).
ADVERBIOS O PALABRAS DE INTERROGACIN

**WHAT (jut): Qu...? Cul...?

What are you doing here?
(jut ar yi ding jer)
*Qu est(s) haciendo aqu?
What is the price?
(jut is de pris)
*Cul es el precio? *Qu precio tiene...?
What does she want to do?
(jut das shi wunt tu du)
*Qu desea hacer ella?
**WHEN (jun): Cundo...?
When are they going to sing?
(jun ar di ging tu sing?
*Cundo van a cantar ellos(as)?
When did you get back?
(jun did yi guet bak)
*Cundo regresaste? Cundo regres ud.? Cundo regresaron
uds.?
**WHERE (jur): Dnde...?
Where were you the day before yesterday?
(jur wur yi de di bifr ysterdei)
*Dnde estuviste anteayer? Dnde estuvo (estuvieron) usted(es)
ayer?
Where does he come from?
(jur das hi com from)
*De dnde es l? De dnde procede (es oriundo) l?
**WHO (JU): Quin(es)...?

Who is she?
(ju is shi)
*Quin es ella?
Who knows where they live?
(ju nus jur di liv)
*Quin sabe dnde viven ellos(as)?
**HOW (ju): Cmo...? Cun...? Con qu...?
How is your sister?
(ju is yir sster)
*Cmo est tu hermana? Cmo est su hermana?
How deep is that pond?
(ju dip is dat pond)
*Cun profunda es esa poza (charca)?
How often does she visit you?
(ju fen das shi vsit yi)
*Con qu frecuencia te visita ella?

Whose wallet is this?

(juz wulit is diz)
*De quin es esta cartera?
**WHICH (juch): Cul(es)...?
Which are your shoes?
(juch ar yir shuz)
*Cules son tus (sus) zapatos?
Which is his trouble?
(juch is jis trbol)
*Cul es su problema? Cul es el apuro (la dificultad) de l?
ADJETIVOS / PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS
**THIS (diz): este, esta / ste, sta, esto [plural:
THESE (diz)]
This little truck is very beautiful
(diz ltol trok is vri bitifol)
*Esta camioneta es muy bonita.

**WHY (jui): Por qu...?

Why did he do that?
(jui did ji du dat)
*Por qu hizo eso (l)?
Why do you say (that) she is dangerous?
[jui du yi si (dat) shi is dinyeros]
*Por qu dice usted que ella es peligrosa?
**WHOSE (juz): De quin(es)...?
Whose houses are those?
(juz jusis ar duz)
*De quin(es) son esas casas?

That shirt is nice, but I prefer this (one).

[dat shert is nis bat i prifr diz (wun)]
*Esa camisa es muy linda, pero prefiero sta.
These soldiers are brave.
(diz sl-yiers ar briv)
*Estos soldados son valientes.
**THAT (dat): ese, aquel... / se, aqul, eso... [plural:
THOSE (duz)]
That gentleman is my uncle.
(dat gntolman is mi nkol)
*Ese caballero es mi to.

Look... that is my old town!

(luk... dat is mi uld tun)
*Mira... ese es mi viejo poblado!
Those are their books.
(duz ar dir buks)
*Esos (aquellos) son sus libros.
EXPRESIONES DE EXISTENCIA (There is, there was,
there are, there were)
There is (der is): hay (forma singular).
There are (der ar): hay (forma plural).
There was (der wus): hubo, haba (singular).
There were (der wur): hubo, haba (plural).
There will be (der wul bi): habr (singular y plural).
Ejemplos:
There is a tasty cake there.
(der is e tisti kik der)
*Hay un apetitoso bizcocho ah (all, all). *Is there a tasty cake there?
(is der e tisti kik der)
*Hay un apetitoso bizcocho ah?
*Yes, there is a tasty cake there.
*Yes, there is.
*No, there is not.
*No, there is not a tasty cake there.
There are two parrots shouting.
(der ar tu prots shuting)
*Hay dos loros gritando.
*Are there two parrots shouting?
(ar der tu prots shuting)
*Hay dos loros gritando?
*Yes, there are two parrots shouting.
*Yes, there are.
*No, there are not.
*No, there are not two parrots shouting.

There was an accident last night.

(der wus an ksident last nit)
*Hubo un accidente anoche.
*Was there an accident last night?
(wus der an ksident last nit)
*Hubo un accidente anoche?
*Yes, there was an accident last night.
*Yes, there was.
*No, there was not.
*No, there was not an accident last night.
There were three nice houses on that corner.
(der wur zri nis jusis on dat crner)
*Haba tres lindas casas en esa esquina.
*Were there three nice houses on that corner?
(wur der zri nis jusis on dat crner)
*Haba tres lindas casas en esa esquina?
*Yes, there were three nice houses on that corner.
*Yes, there were.
*No, there were not.
*No, there were not three nice houses on that corner.
There will be a party next week.
[der wul bi e prti (pri) neks wuk]
*Habr una fiesta la prxima semana.
*Will there be a party next week?
[wul der bi e prti (pri) neks wuk]
*Habr una fiesta la prxima semana?
*Yes, there will be a party next week.
*Yes, there will.
*No, there will not.
*No, there will not be a party next week.

Airplane (rplein): avin.

Apple (pol): manzana.
Army (rmi): ejrcito.
Avenue (vniu): avenida.
Bag (bag): bolsa.
Bank (bank): banco.
Bathroom (bzrum): bao.
Battle (btol): batalla.
Bean (bin): frjol, habichuela, juda...
Bed (bed): cama.
Bedroom (bdrum): alcoba.
Belt (belt): cinturn, correa.
Bird (berd): ave, pjaro.
Biscuit (bskuit): bizcocho.
Blade (blid): cuchilla.
Boat (but): barco, bote.
Bottle (btol): botella, envase.
Boy (bi): muchacho.
Building (blding): edificio.
Bull (bul): toro.
Bullfight (bulfit): corrida (de toros).
Bullring (blring): ruedo, corraleja...
Butter (bter): mantequilla.
Cake (kik): bizcocho, panqueque.
Campus (kmpos): campo (de una universidad).
Can (can): caneca, envase (metlico), lata.
Cap (cap): caperuza, gorro.
Car (car): carro.
Card (card): tarjeta.
Ceiling room (sling rum): cielo raso.
Chair (cher): silla.
Chicken (chken): pollo.
Child (child): nio.
Cigarette (cgaret): cigarrillo.
City (cti): ciudad.
Cloud (clud): nube.
Coat (cut): abrigo.
Coconut (cconet): coco.
Colledge (klich): colegio (de carreras profesionales...).
Corn (corn): maz.
Corner (krner): esquina, rincn.
Country (kntri): pas, campo, campia.

Court (cort): corte o sala (de justicia), cancha (deportiva).

Cow (ku): vaca.
Crab (crab): cangrejo.
Curtain (krten): cortina.
Desert (dsert): desierto.
Dessert (dizrt): postre.
Door (dor): puerta.
Dot (dat): alarma.
Downtown (duntun): centro (de una ciudad...).
Drum (drom): tambor.
Duck (dek): pato.
Eagle (gol): guila.
Electric bulb (ilktrik belb): bombilla.
Eyeglasses (iglsis): gafas, anteojos.
Feather (fder): pluma.
Fish (fish): pez, pescado.
Floor (floor): piso.
Fork (fork): tenedor, trinche (para comidas).
Fretsaw (frtso): segueta.
Game (guim): juego.
Hat (jat): sombrero.
Hawk, falcon (jok, flcon): halcn.
Hen (jen): gallina.
High School (jisskul): escuela secundaria, colegio de bachillerato.
Hill (jil): colina.
Hour (uar): hora.
House (juz): casa.
Hurricane (jrikin): huracn.
Jacket (yket): chaqueta.
Jigsaw (ygso): segueta.
Knife (nif): cuchillo.
Ladder (lder): escalera (movible, transportable).
Lifter (lfter): ascensor.
Lion (lion): len.
Little truck (ltol trok): camioneta.
Living room (lvin rum): sala.
Market (mrkit): mercado.
Marsh (marsh): cinaga.
Matress (mtris): colchn.
Meat (mit): carne.
Medal (mdol): medalla.
Mountain (munten): montaa.

Mouse (muz): ratn.

Net (net): red.
Nut (not): tuerca.
Ocean (ushan): ocano.
Octopus (ktopos): pulpo.
Oil (il): aceite, petrleo.
Opus (pos): obra (literaria, dramtica...).
Park (park): parque.
Parrot (prot): loro.
Passenger elevator (psinyer levitor): ascensor.
Phanter (pnter): pantera.
Pig, hog (pig, jog): cerdo.
Pineapple (pinpol): pia.
Plate (plit): plato, placa.
Plateau (plat): meseta.
Pond (pond): charca, poza.
Praerie (prri): pradera.
Purse (pers): bolso.
Rain (rin): lluvia.
Raincoat (rincout): impermeable.
Rainproof (rinpruf): impermeable.
Rice (ris): arroz.
Ring (ring): anillo.
River (rver): ro.
Road (rud): carretera, camino.
Room (rum): cuarto, pieza.
Rooster (rster): gallo.
Sack (sak): saco.
Saw (so): sierra.
Screw (sskru): tornillo.
Screwdriver (sskrudriver): destornillador.
Sea (si): mar.
Seagull (sgol): gaviota.
Serpent (srpent): serpiente.
Shirt (shert): camisa.
Shoe (shu): zapato.
Shopping center (shping cnter): Centro Comercial.

Shovel (shvol): pala.

Shrimp (shrimp): camarn.
Sky (sski): cielo.
Snake (ssnik): culebra.
Sock (sok): media.
Sof (sufa): sof.
Sparrow hawk (ssprou jok): gaviln.
Spoon (sspn): cuchara.
Stair (sstr): escalera (fija o corrediza).
Staircase (sstrkis): escalera.
Stocking (sstking): calcetn.
Storm (sstrm): tormenta.
Stream (sstrm): arroyo.
Street (sstrt): calle.
Table (tibol): mesa.
Tablecloth (tibol klotz): mantel.
Telephone (tlefun): telfono.
Thunder (tnder): trueno.
Tie (ti): corbata, lazo.
Tiger (tiguer): tigre.
Time (tim): tiempo, hora.
Towel (twuel, twuol): toalla.
Tower (twuer): torre.
Town (tun): pueblo, poblado.
Train (trin): tren.
Trousers (trusers): pantalones.
Truck (trok): camin.
Truck driver (trok driver): conductor (de buses).
Turkey (trki): pavo.
Umbrella (ambrla): sombrilla, paraguas.
Underpants (nderpants): pantaloncillos.
University (yinivrsiti): universidad.
Valley (vli): valle.
Vulture (vlshor): buitre.
Weapon (wupon): arma.
Whale (juiol): ballena.
Worm (wurm): gusano, lombriz.