iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 36

tnh khng c chun RS485 nn ta phi c mt b chuyn i gia chun

RS232 v RS485.

Nh vy gii php m nhm thc hin ti la chn cho vic giao tip gia
my ch v cc m-un iu khin s l s kt hp gia chun RS232 v
RS485. Sau y l s khi tng qut ca h thng iu khin:

MY MY
KHCH KHCH

MY
KHCH

MY CH

MNG INTERNET

RS232
RS485
BOARD
CHUYN I
GIA RS232
V RS485

M-UN1 M-UN2 M-UN31

Hnh 5. 1: S khi tng qut ca h thng iu khin thit b

qua mng Internet.

Vi mt h thng nh trn ta c th c ti 31 m-un iu khin. Chi tit v

chun RS232, RS485 v cch thc truyn nhn d liu s c trnh by
nhng phn sau.

5.2 Chun RS232C v chun RS485

5.2.1 Chun RS232C

Cc my tnh thng c 1 hoc 2 cng ni tip theo chun RS232C, c gi

l cng Com. Chng c dng ghp ni cho chut, modem, thit b o
lng,Khi cn dng nhiu cng hn ta c th lp t cc card m rng trn
c thm mt n hai cng Com. C hai dng cng Com: cng Com 25 chn
v cng Com 9 chn. Hin nay th cng Com 9 chn (DB9) theo chun RS232C
tr nn rt ph bin.
Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin
iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 37

u im giao din ni tip RS232C

Kh nng chng nhiu ca cc cng ni tip cao.

Thit b ngoi vi c th tho lp ngay c khi my tnh ang c cp in.
Cc mch in n gin c th nhn c in p ngun nui qua cng ni
tip.

Hnh 5. 2: Chn ra cng Com DB9.

Bng 5. 6: Cc Chn v chc nng ca cng Com DB9.

DB-9 Tn K hiu Chc nng
Data Carrier Pht hin tn hiu mang d
1 DCD
Detect liu

2 Receive Data RxD Nhn d liu

3 Transmit Data TxD Truyn d liu

u cui d liu sn sng,

Data Terminal
4 DTR c kch hot bi b nhn
Ready
khi mun truyn d liu
5 Singal Ground SG Mass ca tn hiu
D liu sn sng, c kch
6 Data Set Ready DSR hot bi b truyn khi n sn
sng nhn d liu
Yu cu gi, b truyn t
Request to ng ny ln mc hot
7 RTS
Send ng khi sn sng truyn d
liu
Xa gi, b nhn t
ng ny ln mc hot
8 Clear To Send CTS ng thng bo cho b
truyn l n sn sng nhn
d liu.
Bo chung, cho bit l b
9 Ring Indicate RI nhn ang nhn tn hiu rung
chung.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 38

Nhng c im cn lu trong chun RS232C

Trong chun RS232C, cc gii hn trn i vi mc logic 0 v

logic 1 l 12V. Chun RS232C ngy nay ang c p dng cn c nh
tr khng ti trong phm vi t 3000 n 7000.
Mc logic 1 c in p nm trong khong 3V n 12V, mc
logic 0 t +3V n +12V.
Tr khng ti phi ln hn 3000 nhng phi nh hn 7000.
Tc truyn/nhn d liu cc i l 100kbps (ngy nay c th
t c 200 kbps).
Cc li vo phi c in dung nh hn 2500pF
di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ngoi vi ghp ni qua
cng ni tip RS232C khng th vt qu 15 m nu khng s dng
Modem.
Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun l : 50, 75, 110, 150, 300,
600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800 56600, 115200bps.

5.2.2 Chun RS485

C th coi chun RS485 l mt pht trin ca RS232 trong vic truyn d liu
ni tip. Nhng b chuyn i RS232/RS485 cho php ngi dng giao tip
vi bt k thit b m s dng lin kt ni tip RS232 thng qua lin kt RS485.
Lin kt RS485 c hnh thnh cho vic thu nhn d liu khong cch xa
v iu khin cho nhng ng dng. Nhng c im ni tri ca RS485 l n
c th h tr 1 mng ln ti 32 trm thu pht trn cng 1 ng truyn, tc
c th ln ti 115.200 baud cho 1 khong cch l 4000feet (1200m).

Bng 5. 7: Bng tm tt thng s ca RS485.

Thng s iu kin Min Max n v
p ng ra iu khin khi h 1.5 6 V
mch -1.5 -6 V
1.5 5 V
p ng ra iu khin khi c ti RL= 100
-1.5 -5 V
Dng ngn mch ng ra iu 1 ng ra ni vi
250 mA
khin im chung
Thi gian cnh ln ng ra iu RL = 54 %
30
khin CL = 50 pF rng bit
p kiu chung iu khin RL = 54 3 V
Ngng nhy thu vo -7V <VCM< 12 V 200 mV
Phm vi p kiu chung thu vo -7 12 V
Tng tr ng vo pha thu 12 k

Vi kiu truyn cn bng v cc dy c xon li vi nhau nn khi nhiu xy

ra dy ny th cng xy ra dy kia, tc l 2 dy cng nhiu ging nhau.
iu ny lm cho in p sai bit gia 2 dy thay i khng ng k nn ti ni
thu vn nhn c tn hiu ng nh tnh nng c bit ca b thu loi b
nhiu.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 39

Lin kt RS485 c s dng rt rng ri trong cng nghip, ni m mi

trng nhiu kh cao v s tin tng vo tnh n nh ca h thng l iu
quan trng. Bn cnh kh nng truyn thng qua khong cch xa tc
cao cng rt c quan tm, c bit l ti nhng ni m c nhiu trm giao
tip c tri ra trn din rng. Sau y l bng tm tt nhng c im ca
chun RS485.

Mt s vn lin quan n chun RS485

Truyn dn cn bng

H thng truyn dn cn bng gm c 2 dy tn hiu A, B nhng khng c dy

mass. S d c gi l cn bng l do tn hiu trn dy ny ngc vi tn hiu
trn dy kia. Ngha l nu dy ny ang pht mc cao th dy kia phi ang
pht mc thp v ngc li.

Hnh 5. 3: Kiu truyn cn bng 2 dy.

1
A
0

1
B
0

Hnh 5. 4: Tn hiu trn 2 dy ca h thng cn bng.

Mc tn hiu

Vi 2 dy A, B truyn dn cn bng, tn hiu mc cao TTL c quy nh khi

p ca dy A ln hn dy B ti thiu l 200mV, tn hiu mc thp TTL c
quy nh khi p ca dy A nh hn dy B ti thiu cng l 200mV. Nu in p
VAB m nm trong khong -200mV < VAB < 200mV th tn hiu lc ny c
xem nh l ri vo vng bt nh. in th ca mi dy tn hiu so vi mass
bn pha thu phi nm trong khong 7V n +12V.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 40

Cp dy xon

Nh chnh tn gi ca n, cp dy xon (Twisted-pair wire) n gin ch l cp

dy c chiu di bng nhau v c xon li vi nhau. S dng cp dy xon
s gim thiu c nhiu, nht l khi truyn khong cch xa v vi tc
cao.

Hnh 5. 5: Cp dy xon trong RS485.

Tr khng c tnh cp dy xon

Ph thuc vo hnh dng v cht liu cch in ca dy m n s c 1 tr

khng c tnh (Characteristic impedence-Zo), iu ny thng c ch r bi
nh sn xut. Theo nh khuyn co th tr khng c tnh ca ng dy vo
khong t 100 - 120 nhng khng phi lc no cng ng nh vy.

in p kiu chung

Tn hiu truyn dn gm 2 dy khng c dy mass nn chng cn c tham

chiu n 1 im chung, im chung lc ny c th l mass hay bt k mt mc
in p cho php no . in p kiu chung (Common-mode voltage -VCM) v
mt ton hc c pht biu nh l gi tr trung bnh ca 2 in p tn hiu
c tham chiu vi mass hay 1 im chung.

Hnh 5. 6: Cch xc nh p kiu chung.

Vn ni t

Tn hiu trn 2 dy khi c tham chiu n im chung l t (Ground) th khi

n cn c xem xt k lng. Lc ny b nhn s xc nh tn hiu bng
cch tham chiu tn hiu vi t ca ni nhn, nu t gia ni nhn v ni

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 41

pht c mt s chnh lch in th vt qua ngng cho php th tn hiu thu

c s b sai hoc ph hng thit b. iu ny cho thy mng RS485 gm 2
dy nhng c ti 3 mc in p c xem xt. Do t l mt vt dn in
khng hon ho nn n c mt in tr xc nh, gy ra chnh lch in th t
im ny ti im kia, c bit l ti cc vng c nhiu sm st, my mc tiu
th dng ln, nhng b chuyn i c lp t v c ni t.

Hnh 5. 7: Truyn RS485 khi tham chiu vi t.

Chun RS485 cho php chnh lch in th t ln ti 7V, ln hn 7V l khng

c. Nh vy t l im tham chiu khng ng tin tng v mt cch tt
hn cho vic truyn tn hiu lc ny l ta i thm mt dy th 3, n s c ni
mass ti ngun cung cp dng lm in p tham chiu.

in tr u cui

in tr u cui (Terminating Resistor) n gin l in tr c t ti 2

im tn cng kt thc ca ng truyn. Gi tr ca in tr u cui l tng
l bng gi tr tr khng c tnh ca ng dy xon, thng th vo khong
100 - 120.

Hnh 5. 8: Cch t in tr u cui RT trong RS485.

Nu in tr u cui khng ph hp vi gi tr tr khng c tnh ca ng

dy th nhiu c th xy ra do c s phn x xut hin trn ng truyn, nhiu
mc nh th khng sao nhng nu mc ln th c th lm tn hiu b
sai lch. Sau y l hnh minh ha dng tn hiu thu c khi dng 2 in tr
u cui khc nhau.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 42

RT=54 RT=120

Hnh 5. 9: Tn hiu RS485 thu c tng ng vi 2 gi tr in tr RT.

Phn cc ng truyn

Khi mng RS485 trng thi rnh th tt c cc khi thu u trng thi lng
nghe ng truyn v tt c khi pht u trng thi tng tr cao cch li vi
ng truyn. Lc ny trng thi ca ng truyn c xem l bt nh. Nu
-200mV VAB 200mV th trng thi logic ti ng ra khi thu s mang gi tr
ca bit cui cng nhn c. iu ny khng m bo v ng truyn rnh
trong truyn d liu ni tip i hi phi mc cao khi thu khng hiu
nhm l c d liu xut hin trn ng truyn.

duy tr trng thi mc cao khi ng truyn rnh th vic phn cc ng

truyn (Biasing) phi c thc hin. Mt in tr R ko ln ngun ng A
v mt in tr R ko xung mass ng B sao cho VAB 200mV s p
ng truyn ln mc cao.

Hnh 5. 10: Phn cc cho ng truyn RS485.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 43

Cc kiu mu truyn nhn trong RS485

Mt pht, mt nhn

Hnh 5. 11: S mt pht, mt nhn trong RS485.

Trong kiu mu c s dng cp dy xon, 2 in tr u cui RT.

Mt pht, nhiu nhn

Hnh 5. 12: S mt pht, nhiu nhn trong RS485.

Hai b truyn nhn

Hnh 5. 13: S s dng 2 b truyn nhn trong RS485.

y vic truyn v nhn d liu c thc hin bi 1 cp dy xon nn

truyn nhn d liu khng th din ra ng thi m phi theo hnh thc bn
song cng (half duplex), trong mt thi im ch c mt b truyn.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 44

Nhiu b truyn nhn

Hnh 5. 14: S s dng nhiu b truyn nhn trong RS485.

Tng t nh trong s 2 b truyn nhn, hnh thc truyn nhn d liu

y l bn song cng.

on dy r nhnh

Hnh 5. 15: on dy r nhnh trong RS485.

on dy r nhnh (Stub) l on dy ni t cp dy chnh ti mt trm. on

dy r nhnh di s lm nh hng ti s phi hp tr khng. V vy nn gi
cho chiu di on dy r nhnh cng ngn cng tt.

Mt dng kt ni ng truyn RS485 hp l:

Hnh 5. 16: Mt dng kt ni ng truyn RS485 hp l.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin

iu khin cc thit b in trong nh qua mng Internet Trang 45

Cch thc truyn mt m ASCII theo chun RS485

Hnh 5. 17: Biu truyn mt m ASCII theo chun RS485.

Bnh thng ng truyn rnh (Idle line) s mc cao, VAB > 200mV. Tn
hiu TX Control cho php pht tn hiu i. Mi bit tn hiu TXD pht i s c
biu din tng ng di dng tn hiu VAB theo chun RS485. Bit 1 tng
ng vi VAB dng, bit 0 tng ng vi VAB m. Sau khi pht i 10 bit th
ng truyn li ln mc cao bo hiu trng thi rnh.

Chng 5: Thit k phn cng h thng iu khin