172

CONTROL OF DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER

FOR VOLTAGE SAG MITIGATION
Glanny Martial Christiaan Mangindaan1, 2, Mochamad Ashari1, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo1
1)
Electrical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111
2)
Electrical Engineering, Sam Ratulangi University
Kampus Unsrat Bahu Manado 95115
email: glanny_m@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is power
electronics equipment that can protect a sensitive
load from the effect of voltage sag. In this paper
present the comparative performance of dynamic
voltage restorer using PI, fuzzy logic and neural
network control. Design of controller to control the
dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) that can result a
quick and precise respond should be present in this
paper.
Keywords: Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR),
voltage sag, PI, fuzzy logic, neural network.

voltage source PWM converter. Current control

(CC) techniques for voltage source [1], a high
performance current regulation scheme [2], a
hysteresis control method of current controlled VSI
PWM inverters to minimizes mutual interferences
among the control of the various phases [3],
Voltage distortion caused by slowly varying
harmonic current obtained by using synchronous
frame harmonic regulators [4], combination of
supply voltage feed-forward and PI d-q load voltage
feedback [5] voltage space vector PWM [6], three
phase resonant PI regulator [7], fuzzy logic control
[8] Narma-L2 controller neural network [9].

INTRODUCTION

In power system, disturbance, such as voltage

sag, occur on some occasions that inevitable. These
disturbances are usually as result of faults in the
power system. Dynamic voltage restorer can
provide the most cost effective solution to mitigate
voltage sags by establishing the proper voltage
quality level that is required by customer. When a
fault happens in a distribution network, sudden
voltage sag will appear on adjacent loads. DVR
installed on a critical load, restores the line voltage
to its nominal value within the response time of a
few millisecond thus avoiding any power disruption
to the load, as shown in Figure 1. Voltage sags are
characterized by a reduction in voltage, but the load
is still connected to the supply. Sags are inmost
cases considered less critical compared to
interruptions, but they typically occur more
frequently. Voltage sags have in several cases been
reported as a threat to sensitive equipment and have
resulted in shutdowns, loss of production and a
hence a major cost burden.
The DVR employ IGBT solid state power
electronics switching devices in a pulse width
modulation (PWM) inverter structure. Various
control strategy have been proposed for three phase

Supply
Voltage

Critical
Load

Energy
Storage

Power
Converter

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)

Figure 1. Dynamic Voltage Restorer Operation

This paper compares the counterpropagation

neural network with fuzzy logic and PI controller.
Counterpropagation was originally proposed as a
pattern-lookup system that takes advantage of the
parallel architecture of neural networks [10]. Two
types of layers are used: The hidden layer is a
Kohonen layer with competitive units that do
unsupervised learning; the output layer is a
Grossberg layer, which is fully connected with the
hidden layer and is not competitive.

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Control of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Sag Mitigation - Glanny Martial Christiaan Mangindaan

DYNAMIC VOLTAGE
RESTORER

The power circuit of DVR in Figure 1 can be

divided into six parts shown in Figure 2: A
voltage regulator; BPWM generator; Cenergy
storage; DIGBT inverter; Efilter; and F
series transformer.

173

The voltage regulator is important part for

control a DVR. Reference input is compared with
the voltage on the source side of the DVR to
produce an error. The controller in the voltage
regulator can contain of the neural network, fuzzy
logic or PI controller. Detail of voltage regulator
shown in Figure 3.

A. Voltage Regulator

Figure 2. Dynamic Voltage Restorer Power Circuit

B. PWM Generator
The output pulses are a vector (with values=0 or
1). Depending on the selected "Generator Mode",
the output vector contains: For a 3-arm bridge: Six
pulses. Pulses 1, 3 and 5 are respectively for the
upper switches of the first, second and third arm.
Pulses 2, 4 and 6 are for the lower switches. The
carrier frequency and sampling time are 10 [kHz]
and 5.10-6 [s] respectively.
C. Energy Storage

The DC Voltage Source block implements an

ideal DC voltage source. The positive terminal is
represented by a plus sign on one port. The voltage
applied is 100 V, and structure of energy storage is
for half bridge DC/AC converter.
D. IGBT Inverter
The gate input for the controlled switch devices.
The pulse ordering in the vector of the gate signals
corresponds to the switch. For the diode bridges,
the pulse ordering corresponds to the natural order

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4th International Conference Information & Communication Technology and System

of commutation. The IGBT inverter is controlled

with a voltage regulator.
E. Filter
Filtering in DVR can be placed either on the
high-voltage side or the inverter side of the series

injection transformers. In this paper, the filter

placed on the inverter side, with the advantaged low
voltage side and close to harmonic source. With
this scheme high order harmonic current are
prevented from penetrating to series transformer.

Figure 3. Voltage Regulator Block

F. Series Transformer
Series transformer is three single phase
transformers that can be connected to distribution
line star/open winding or delta/open winding. The
star/open winding allows the injection of positive,
negative and zero sequence voltages, where the
delta/open winding only allows positive and
negative sequence voltages. In this paper, use
series transformer connected star/open winding.

impedance at faulted line. u sag , differs from the

prefault voltage u pre-sag by u missing .

=
usag u pre sag umissing

Voltage sag can be symmetrical or

nonsymmetrical. However, most voltage sags are
nonsymmetrical. Figure 4 shows the variation
voltage magnitudes and durations in IEEE 1159.

2.2
2.1

Voltage Sags

Voltage sags are usually caused by a short

circuit current flowing into a fault on a transmission
or distribution line, where the magnitude and phase
of the faulted voltage usag during the sag at the
point of common coupling (PCC) are determined by
the fault and supply impedances using the equation
[11]:

usag = E

Zf
Z f + Zs

Control Methods

The performance of the DVR depends on the

quality of applied control strategy. Therefore,
control methods of DVR are important subject in
this paper.
A. PI Controller
The PI parameters are determinable from
simulink response optimization simulation. The
constraints on the behavior of the response signals
and the tuned parameters are set within the signal
(1) constraint blocks.

Where u sag is voltage during the sag at PCC, E is

supply voltage, Z s is supply impedance, Z f is

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(2)

Normal operating voltage

90 %

10 %

Undervoltage

Voltage Sag

Momentary Temporary
0.5 cycle

3 sec

175

network may not generalize sufficiently. With too

many, the processing time takes too long.

Overvoltage

Swell

Notch/transient

Event magnitude

110%

Transient

Control of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Sag Mitigation - Glanny Martial Christiaan Mangindaan

Sustianed interuption

1 min
Event duration

Figure 4. Variation Voltage Magnitudes and Durations

The first step in the response optimization

process is to choose which signals in simulink
model would like to constrain and to attach signal
constraint blocks to these signals. Although specify
the constraints for each signal individually, set the
remaining settings such as tuned parameters and
optimization settings within one signal constraint
window as they apply to the whole project. The last
step is run the response optimization, and it stop
until the parameters pass the signal constraints.
B. Fuzzy Logic Controller
The fuzzy logic control derived from fuzzy set
theory introduced by Zadeh in 1965. Fuzzy logic
controllers are an attractive when precise
mathematical formulation are not possible. Other
advantages of fuzzy logic are: 1) it can work with
less precise inputs; 2) it doesnt need fast
processors; 3) it needs less data storage in the form
of membership functions and rules than
conventional look up table for non linear
controllers; and 4) it is more robust than other non
linear controllers.
A reference input is compared with the voltage
on the source side of the DVR to produce an error.
The error is fed to the fuzzy logic controller, which
performs calculations to generate output [8].

For the network to work properly, the input

vector must be normalized. This means that for
every combination of input value, the total length of
the input vector must add up to one. This can be
done with a preprocessor, before the data is entered
into the counterpropagation network, or a
normalization layer added between the input and
Kohonen layer. During training, the weights are
adapted as follows [10]:
1. A winner of the competition is chosen in
response to an input pattern.
2. The weights between the input layer and
the winner are adjusted according
to:
wic (t + 1)
= wic (t ) + (oi wic (t )) .
3.
4.

All the other weights remain unchanged.

The output of the network is computed
and compared to the target pattern.
The weights between the winner and the
output layer are updated according
to:
wck (t +=
1) wck (t ) + (ok wck (t )) .
All the other weights remain unchanged.

SIMULATION RESULT

A detailed simulation has been carried out using

MATLAB software to verify the three control
strategy. The total simulation period is 0.09 s.
Voltage sag generated with three phase faults, two
phase faults with ground connected and single
phase fault, simultaneously.
The three phase fault simulated with 0.6-p.u.
remain voltage and from 0.011 to 0.061s. Two
phase fault with 0.4-p.u. remain voltage from 0.025
to 0.045s, and single phase fault with 0.2-p.u.
remain voltage from 0.031 to 0.051s.

C. Neural Network Controller

Robert Hecht Nielsen developed the counterpropagation network as a means to combine an
unsupervised Kohonen layer with a teachable
output
layer
[12].
The
operation
counterpropagation network is similar to that of the
Learning Vector Quantization network in the
middle that Kohonen layer acts as an adaptive lookup table, finding the closest fit to an input stimulus
and outputting its equivalent mapping. The size of
the input layer depends upon how many separable
parameters define the problem. With too few, the

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4th International Conference Information & Communication Technology and System

In Figure 5 7, showed the simulation result of

this three control strategy. The upper side of each
figure is the voltage source with sag, and the below
is the voltage at the critical load. All type of this
control strategy can mitigate the voltage sag at the
critical load side.
When compensate the voltage sag at the critical
load, DVR produce a harmonics distortion fed from
series transformer as an injection voltage to the
critical load. Using the FFT analysis to analyze the
THD for the voltage signal, shown in Figure 8 10,
result that the fuzzy logic (0.82%) are better than PI
(1.44%), and the counterpropagation neural
network(0.79%) slightly better than fuzzy logic for
the THD at the one phase with the same fault.

Figure 5. Simulation result with PI controller

Figure 6. Simulation result with fuzzy logic controller

Figure 8. FFT analysis for PI controller

Figure 7. Simulation result with counterpropagation neural

network controller

Figure 9. FFT analysis for fuzzy logic controller

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Control of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Sag Mitigation - Glanny Martial Christiaan Mangindaan

[4]

[5]

[6]
Figure 10. FFT analysis for counterpropagation neural network
controller

CONCLUSION

This paper has presented result from DVR

simulation at the low voltage (0.38 kV) distribution
line. The DVR is designed to protect the critical
load against voltage sag from 0.9-p.u. up to 0.1-p.u.
remain voltage.
Counterpropagation neural network control and
fuzzy logic control provides good voltage
regulation capabilities than a PI controller, that the
control parameters are fixing.
Both artificial intelligent results a good
performance to mitigate the voltage sags. The
hybrid method of artificial intelligent to be applied
is the interesting field for future research.

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

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