! "         #
  ! "      " ! 
"   
       
         $ 
       "      
    "         
     
   

$    #        

  $  "        %  #
           #
  & '       (  
       
  "     
  )   *         
           +,
  
  -  +, ' . .  %     "
"  /0 / $ (  " !  "
12 '  + ,  +,
+ ,
  + ,  3  +,  !-   " "   
  "       !    #
     4  3     5

       "    !-  

  
    




           ' 

 6      * 7
   
   ! "      

"      '  8 

8 "   +,     
+ , '     '  8    
+ 8,
/ -  12 
12 ' 9+ ,   
+ /,
  ' +,  " "     
    !       #
    (  :      
   ;#<     6  
           )   #
 + 7
,       =   ) "
             " 
          12  
4     %     
    3  + ,  + ,     
            

      " "    +   
>  , ?          
80   + ,  /0 /  "   12  80000 ' 80
    @8     
A             #
*  
  "     +, ' . . 
 
. .

+ B,
+, '
.  7 

 . ' C  + ., 7  + ., DC 7

8D  
  #          "
"   +,    8    "   




50

50

100

100

150

200

150

   

-50

0
F=G

50

-2

-1

Equality of means

     
  
    
    
      
   




   
             

  
     
    
! 

           "  "  #$#  


 %    &  
   '()    

  "  *  "   +$   
" 
    #$# &     '()  +

 + , !  + B,  /B "    000
     8   12' /B
     
 -              "  " 
80  12    +, ' . . =(    
      E   *   
%   *    % "  
12 "          
 #    %    3  
            #
       '  $        
     3 5 ?      
 #     + B, =    
      3  "      1#
F    7
8   
  
        .
      
   "         3     

  
    

  

.  . 7.. 



 . '  + ., + , . '  +
+, '







+ @,

., +
, $
     3  + @,     1F 






    -    " 

 
      (   :#>

 3  "      "   #  
 !      
 
             
     3  "      F
 (           
           2 . 
                
     "   .        
             8
            >  
 "   12   @8000 ' @8
 !   
   


  -       % #

           
   -      -  
          
  > -    #    
'            
   3         
12      - &   #  
12
   -          
-    "  " !-    "   
  

      -     

           
    12    12     
  -     (       
           *   ! ?
           3 

 
  



        
  3    
 2 )  3       G '  . 7
.  '  8   )  3      
G '  . 7 .  '  8
  .  .   
   .         
8 >       +   ,     #
     G  G     G     
    G G  G
/ "   +, !  + @,      
. .
+ , '
  '  8     + ,
.  7 . 

B -  12 
12 ' 9+ ,   
+ H,
  ' +,   " "     

              

      >     # 
           '
        3     3  "  
 3      3  "  
"   

   -   #   ""

     1    "   " 
-            
"     8E 0       $ 
               
  8E 0  &
 & 
' 8E 0

+ I,

  
    

    "         

       
.   +8E 0  ,
+ E,
       "        "
" . ' I E  12         " #
 .    + E,      "
"  I E
12 ' J+ I E 8E 0 ,
+ 0,


 J    "       

 
1   (     


. '  +


 + 0, "

., + ,  ' I

+ ,


12 ' J+ B8
, ' 0 0@
+ 8,
I H
1F # "     12

12 '   B8
 ' 0 0H
+ /,
I H
1      "         
 "   ""       8E 0    #
12  0  B "
4   #         
 
    "          
 +    K     8E 0,     
#       3"      #
 "     " "        (
   L      & 
' 8E 0

          $     

         
. 8E 0

+, '
+ B,
.  H

 
  

    

' 8E 0  " "  
I E 8E
 0 '  H
+ @,
I H
:        5 $  #
 )             
4 !       )     
                 )
  3     "   8E 0 1     
             8E 0     
        )        
  
          
      " 
G '  . 7 8E 0
'  7 B8 
+  ,


  '  8    H $   G  G    
G  G             
.G 8E 0
+# , ' .   
+ H,
G  H
 .G       "          
 00   000     +# ,     H  
 " !  "  00000 ' 0    
0@  0H        "
4            #
            " 
 K    "    1    #
          
       L      
        
     
    (     ""     
           ( 
           +  ,
  %  3"        #
   $        + #
 ,   "           
. .
+ I,
+ , '   
.  H
    ! " "#$""  !%& '((

  
    

 .      "        

       + H, 
.G 8E 0 ' +.  . 7 8E 0, 8E 0 ' . .
     "   3       
3"    #      
  # ! "       
"            + I, 
           -   " 
  # ! "     "    
  K        "
     ! "   #
   "      1
$  
  %  


?  -     - 

    
       -    
            %" 
    (    BI@    
IH8               ; 
-<             
  
        %    
 
                >#
  8               
IH8          (  #
     $      3& 
        "5    !  
   -  ;<       
   "         
   
>     >  8        #
   " 8   
     "
            #
           6 
       M   (     ! 
)+L , '

 

     
 


+ E,


 * +  ,  * 

density

frequency

Window size .003

0.10

0.06

0.10
thickness

Window size .008

Window size .001

0.14

density

thickness

density

0.06

0.04

0.08

0.12

thickness

0.06

0.10
thickness

   
     
,   
%-  
       . ,    !   

        $$#   $$-  

 $$  

 +,         + 8, - +  8,

             
            2  "  
     
$   (  + E,     M   
"           "    " 
L >  /   
      >  8    
    ' 00/L   8  /  "  " #
             

  
    

10

20

density

30

40

50

'.

x x x xxxxx
0.06

0.08

xxxx
0.10

x
0.12

0.14

thickness

   & 
 . ,    !    '  
.  !         "  ,    /0
   !   ,      "       !
   "  
  .       1 
      ! %-  .      

 2
 !  "  ! 


            ' 00I

  ' 00 "        
       H N         
        "       

           

         $      
      &      

''

6
5
1

number of modes

10


 * +  ,  * 

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

   (  3    

    . ,    !
   
 
   

   M   (     # 

           >  B
4  
 &    ' 
+ 80,
"      1      
        "       )+L ,  
    )  2(  >  B )   00 I

       )+L )  ,      #

     
       
           : ;< 
            +  "  
,       

'

  
    

     K     (  )+L )  , >

+ E, !     "       +
 8,        " "   3      "  
6       )+L )  ,
>               )  
    *      
    "   )           
              
"   
          
 &    '       " ! 
"
+ 8,
12 ' 
   )   ) 
 )  !-   " "   00 IL   
          )+L )  ,  )     
"            
       
 -  12         
       )+L )  ,       
              
             
:    "    M   (  
     )+L )  ,    $       
         
 ' . 7 + 7 ) )  ,   + . 7 )   ,L  '  8 
+ 88,





 .           )      
"                 "  
   + 7 )  )  ,            "  
 -  ) +  / ,       
    / +      
   8L    / ,
$        ' @00 ?  @00  
     )   00 I  12 ' 0 $   
  &    ' 8 /        
 #" 
    3   #
       '   K   
    K    8   

+ /* 

'



           
 6        *  )+L )  , 
+ 88,
8 >        )     #
         
 6   "   )  ) +, )  + ,
/ -  12 
12 ' 9)  +,  )  
+ 8/,
          
 
      -     #
              "
H 
 &


  -          3   

           &
+ ,     +,
+,    )      
M"        "   + ,  )
    " !  " 
12 ' 9+ ,  +,
+ 8B,
    -       +, 
)   "     )     
     
    - 
           
 )             
    L    (   " "    
   (    K   
   
-            
           
 

'

  
    

   4" 
     

  +
,

8
/
B
@

H
I
E

)  #" 

00 I
00/8
00/0
008E
008H
008@
00@
00B
00

00
8E
0
00
00
00
B
H
H

       "   )     (

    + 8,     
      +,      
          K      
 
  -             
M   (    -     
        )     "  
:           "
   #!
        
 "  (  :     
 
' ( 

A             #

  :   +E /,  +E I,  A  +EHE,L 
     +EIE, 1     #
        *    "
   +EII EIE,         
 ( +EII EIE, O +EII, 4 +EIE, >
   +EE0,     $ +EE, 1  #
  +EE8,       $ +EE, O +EI ,
  #      -  #
   :   A  +EIH, "   #
        
  (
           

 

'

         -   : 

 % +EIE,      A ("   
!        #  #
  3  "      &   - 
: +E8E,  $ +EBH,L -  ( +EHB, 
 +EI8, "        #
         1"  +EI
EI/,
         
*   1 +EII,
6        (  1"#
  +EI ,  1 +EE8,       
1"   O +EIH,    6     +EIE,
) *

  -       ""     (

         "
 8 + ,
               
         )   
!-   
 '  7 )  
+ 8@,
    )+L ) ,  M   (
   !  + E,
+, 1    "  + 88,         
   "   -  3   )    
)  7 )  + "     ,
 / 6  )       
              )  
  3        1
  "
+ 8 ,
)   ) 
      "
)+L ) ,       
+ 8H,

 ) +L ) ,   M   (   
             #
   ! )        L   
(  )+L ) ,       

'

  
    

 B
   -        
          3   8E 0 $
          
        !    
  "   8E 0
        
    "   
+ , M  00     * H    #
     8E 0     "  I
>          

' 8E 0      . 8E 0   
     ,    #
  8,          "
  8E 0
  "   12     "  "
 00  
+,   + ,         
   H0 6  
 @ 1   "             #
          "  
 ?     1  B     #
          "   . 7 
 %      "    "  !- 
             "  2
 ' +     ,       
                
         '   '      
       )  "
      P (#2  


 +   ) , '  
+ 8I,

  


+ , = 2         

  * - + 8I, K    ' 
 '   " 
- + ,
 ' 
+ 8E,
 - + ,
         '    
     "  )

 

'

+, =           ' 8E 0 

    -   1  B