Work Over Systems Knowledge

WORK OVER SYSTEMS
KNOWLEDGE DOCUMENT
Remedial and Stimulation
Production Injection Packer
2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All rights reserved.
Work Over Systems Introduction

The Work Over Systems groups Remedial & Stimulation
(R & S) and Production Injection Packer (PIP) product
lines encompass equipment and services utilized in
many of the same applications that involve well
intervention:
To repair
To convert
To improve the performance of a oil, gas or water well
through out its life cycle.
2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All rights reserved. WO-KD#13.17.2008

Some common applications performed with the R & S
and PIP products through out the wells life cycle are:
9 Surface Isolation
9 Pressure Integrity Testing
9 Plug and Abandonment
9 Production Testing
9 Secondary or Squeeze Cementing
9 Stimulation Operations

This is the common life cycle of a oil, gas or water well.
WORK OVER SYSTEMS

KNOWLEDGE DOCUMENT
Packer Definitions
Definition: Packer
A packer is a retrievable or permanent downhole tool
that provides a seal between the tubing and casing.

Minimum features include a sealing device, a holding
mechanism and an inside passage for fluids and gasses.

Internal setting and releasing mechanism may be
incorporated in the downhole tool or external devices for
setting and releasing may be required.
Definition: Packer
Packers have a common operational sequence. The
setting mechanism is actuated; the holding mechanism

is then set enabling the sealing device to expand to
contact the wellbore inside diameter to form a pressure
and fluid flow seal.
Definition: Sealing Device

The sealing devices, are rubber (elastomer) washer like
components called packing elements. The packing

elements are designed to expand from their original
outside diameter to the casing or open hole inside
diameter to form the pressure and fluid flow seal.
Other sealing devices used are packer cups.
Definition: Holding Mechanism
The holding mechanism are components commonly
called slips, hold down buttons or anchors.
Definition: Setting / Releasing

Mechanism?
The setting / releasing mechanisms can be an internal
mechanism in the packer.

Or external devices commonly called setting and
retrieving tools are used then retrieved from the well

upon installing, setting or upon releasing of the packer.
10
Definition: Inside Passage
The inside passage for fluids and gasses can vary in
size.
This packer inside diameter, called the body or mandrel,
is generally sized to correspond to the tubing or

workstring inside diameter.
11
Definition: Retrievable Packer
A downhole tool designed to be easily removed from the
wellbore. The setting / holding and releasing mechanisms

may be incorporated into the tool, or external releasing /
retrieving devices may be required.
12
Definition: Permanent Packer
A downhole tool designed without internal releasing
mechanisms. The tool is constructed of materials to

enable the use of external milling / retrieving devices for
tool removal from the wellbore.
13
Definition: Production Packer

A retrievable or permanent downhole tool used to
provide pressure and flow isolation during production

operations.
These tools are constructed with metallurgy and
elastomer compatible to the wells production

environment for long term applications.
Setting methods can be mechanical, hydraulic or with an
external hydraulic or electric setting device.
14
WORK OVER SYSTEMS

PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Remedial & Stimulation Overview

Retrievable remedial and stimulation tools differ from
production packers in metallurgy used and are designed

to enable repeated short term workover applications as
rental tools.
Drillable remedial and stimulation tools are designed for
short term and permanent applications, but are readily

removable with conventional drilling / milling tools.
16
Remedial & Stimulation Overview

RETRIEVABLE SERVICE TOOLS
Retrievable Service Packers
Heavy Duty Retrievable Service Packers
Retrievable Bridge Plugs
Selective Stimulation Tools
DRILLABLE TOOLS
Drillable Cement Retainers
Drillable Bridge Plugs
Composite Tools
ROD PUMPING EQUIPMENT
Tubing Anchor Catcher
17

Commonly called squeeze packers. Retrievable
service packers utilize slips and hold down buttons to bite

into the casing to maintain position in the wellbore.
These tools are set with an internal setting / releasing
mechanism.
The modular design of the tools enables the combining of
a primary service tool with other service tools, or one or

more accessory tools to build a fit for application tool
system.
18

Functions as a stand alone tool or as
the primary tool in a system.

Mechanical operation.
Compatible accessory tools such as
tubing testers, control valves, surge

valves.
Compatible with retrievable bridge plugs
for tandem operations.
19

A downhole tool used to isolate the lower portion of a
well.
Retrievable bridge plugs are used for purposes of
remedial operations in tandem with retrievable service

packers and temporary abandonment operations.
The tool can be set mechanically, hydraulically or with an
20

Function is to isolate the lower portion
of a well.
Cup type and mechanical bridge
plugs are compatible with retrievable
service packers.
Multiple setting capability with the cup
and mechanical retrievable bridge
plugs.
Wireline Set RBP can be set and
retrieved in a live well application.
21

Modular retrievable downhole tools used for debris
cleanup and injection applications of production

perforations.
Minimum features of these downhole tools include a
circulating or injection port straddled with elastomer

packing. The elastomer packing spacing is adjustable to
increase or decrease the perforation footage to be
treated.
Common companion tools used are slip or anchor
assemblies, circulation valves and injection control

valves.
22

Function is perform circulating
debris cleanup and pin point
injection treatment of perforations.
Washing - Injection spacing is
variable per application.
Compatible with multiple injection
control valves and other
accessories tools.
23
Drillable Tools
The modular design of cast iron products enables easy
conversion between functioning as a cement retainer or

as a bridge plug.
Mechanical, hydraulic or electric wire line setting
methods available per application requirement.

Cast iron and composite tools are designed for easy
removal with conventional drilling / milling tools.
24
Drillable Cement Retainer

A permanent downhole tool used for remedial and
abandonment operations, incorporating an internal valve

mechanism to isolate pressure and flow from the lower
to the upper wellbore.
The internal valve mechanism is actuated by use of an
external shifting device or stinger.

The tool is set with an external mechanical, hydraulic or
electric setting device.
25
Drillable Cement Retainer

Functions as a drillable or permanent tool
used for remedial or abandonment
operations that require cement to be
placed in the lower wellbore.
Contains an internal valve mechanism to
isolate pressure and flow from the lower to
the upper wellbore.
The internal valve mechanism is actuated
by the mechanical or hydraulic setting
tools and by a stinger sub.
26
Drillable Bridge Plug
A permanent downhole tool used to isolate the lower
portion of a well for the purpose of recompletion or

abandonment operations.
The tool can be set mechanically, hydraulically or with an
27
Drillable Bridge Plug

Primary functions as a permanent
tool used to isolate the lower portion
of a well for the purpose of
recompletion or abandonment
operations without cement in the
lower wellbore.
Can be used as a drill out temporary
abandonment tool or as an isolation
tool.
28
Composite Tools
Composite tools function as cement retainers, bridge plugs
and frac plugs.
The tools are set electric wireline and hydraulically with an
external setting devices.
Constructed of a polymer matrix filled with carbon reinforcing
fibers enabling short term high pressure isolation performance
enabling efficient removal in under balanced well
environments.
Composite removal is done with conventional drilling / milling
tools.
29
Composite Tools
Function is to provide short term high

pressure isolation performance and
efficient removal with conventional drilling
and milling products.
Available as bridge and frac plugs and

cement retainers.
The bridge and frac plugs function as

short term zonal isolation in under
balanced well environments during high
pressure stimulation operations.
The cement retainer enables drill out

with PDC bits.
30
Rod Pumping - Tubing Anchor Catcher

Functions is to:
Anchor the tubing string to prevent movement
during production.
Catch the tubing if parted on rod pumping
completions
Protect tubing from parted rod impact and cyclic
stress during pumping.
Mechanical set available.

TACDESIGN software for proper
operation.
31
WORK OVER SYSTEMS

PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Advantages Of Using PIP Products

Production Injection Packers (PIP) products are inflatable
packers used for many of the same applications as
Remedial and Stimulation products.
Some reasons for the use of a PIP instead of using an
R&S product include:
PIP smaller run in O.D. enable the tools to run through
restrictions and set in a larger I.D..
PIP ability to set and seal in irregular, eccentric, damaged
or corroded casing I.Ds.
PIP operate in both cased and open hole environments.
33
Production Injection Packer Design

All PIP have common features including an inside
passage for fluid and gasses, inflatable element, and

a setting / releasing mechanism.
The element is inflated by hydraulic pressure from
the surface to seal and act as a holding device or
anchor in casing or open hole.
The PIP modular design enables the addition of
select components to convert the primary tool to a fit
for purpose application.
34
Production Injection Packer Products

STANDARD PIP
Single Set PIP
Retrievable Service Packer
Retrievable Bridge Plug
Retrievable Straddle Packer System
Permanent Cement Retainer
Permanent Bridge Plug
Resettable PIP
Surface Controlled Inflate PIP
HYPERTM INFLATE SERVICE PACKER
BLUE WHALETM PIP

Resettable Service Packer
Retrievable Bridge Plug
Permanent Bridge Plug
35
Single Set (SS) PIP

Functions as a stand alone tool or can be
combined with another tool for straddle
applications.
The SS PIP easily converted to function as:
Retrievable service packer

Retrievable bridge plug
Straddle packer system
Permanent cement retainer
Permanent bridge plug
36
Resettable (RS) PIP

Functions as a stand alone inflatable
service packer only.
Capable of multiple sets in a single trip
before retrieval and redress.
37
Surface Controlled Inflate (SCI) PIP

Functions as a permanent or temporary
completion packer requiring controlled
inflation pressure at all times.
Inflation controlled thru control line to the
surface.
Multiple packers can be combined for a
straddle completion or isolation
application.
38
HYPERTM Inflatable Service Packer

Functions as a higher performance single set
PIP using a thru-tubing style element on a
standard PIP chassis.
Higher differential rating.
Smaller run-in O.D.
Larger element expansion.
H2S & Acid style element available.
L-80 or equivalent metallurgy available.
Compliant for NACE applications.
39
Blue Whale
The Blue Whale PIP may be easily
modified to function as a :
Resettable retrievable service packer
Retrievable bridge plug
Permanent bridge plug
Functions as a robust offshore
environment inflatable service tool.
40
WORK OVER SYSTEMS

APPLICATIONS
Work Over Systems Applications

This section is to provide a basic understanding of
the scope of work performed with the Work Over
Systems products.
9 Name the 4 well life cycles.
9 Identify the potential WOS applications during the
individual life cycle.
9 Name the applicable Work Over System products.
42
Work Over Systems Applications

The Work Over Systems groups R & S and PIP product
lines encompass equipment and services utilized in

many of the same applications that involve well
intervention:
To repair
To convert
To improve the performance of a oil, gas or water well
through out its life cycle.
43

Some common applications performed with the R & S
and PIP products through out the wells life cycle are:
9 Surface Isolation
9 Pressure Integrity Testing
9 Plug and Abandonment
9 Production Testing
9 Secondary or Squeeze Cementing
9 Stimulation Operations
44

This is the common life cycle of a oil, gas or water well.
45
Surface Isolation
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
9 Heavy Duty Retrievable Service Packer
9 Retrievable Bridge Plug
9 Inflatable Bridge Plug
46
Surface Isolation
Heavy duty retrievable service packers

and retrievable bridge plugs are used to
isolation a live well to test or repair the
BOPs Blow Out Preventers or well
head equipment.
BOP STACK
OFFSHORE BOP STACK
47
Surface Isolation
Inflatable and retrievable
bridge plugs are used to

isolate a live or static sub
sea well bore to install or
removal the riser connecting
sub sea to the rig.
SUB SEA RISER

48
BE
FO
RE
Surface Isolation
TH
E
ST
OR
M
Heavy duty retrievable service packers and inflatable bridge
plugs are used for live well suspension requiring immediate rig
evacuation due to storm conditions which may damage surface
or rig equipment. Commonly referred to as Hurricane Plug
applications.
RM
O
ST
E
TH
R
TE
AF
49
Primary Cement - Testing and Repair
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
9 Retrievable Service Packer
w/ Retrievable Bridge Plug
9 Inflatable Service Packer
9 Inflatable Cement Retainer
9 Drillable Cement Retainer
9 Composite Cement Retainer
50

During the drilling cycle, secondary cementing is done
primarily to repair primary cement jobs that affect well
control, to prevent blow outs, etc
LAND SURFACE BLOWOUT

SUB SEA BLOWOUT
51

The main objectives of the primary cementing of the
casing and liner includes:
Physical support of the casing and liner strings.
Protection of the casing and liner strings from corrosive
formation fluids.
Zonal isolation preventing the migration of fluids and or gases
in the annulus.
CHANNELS
CASING
CEMENT BOND
OPEN HOLE
52

Pressure integrity testing with retrievable service and
inflatable tools is one diagnostic method used to identify
problems with:
Surface pressure control equipment, BOPs , etc.
The integrity of the casing strings, liners, liner tops, casing shoe.
53

Some typical repairs performed during the
drilling cycle include:
Stopping lost circulation in open hole.

Repairing a leaking or wet casing shoe.
Liner top leak repair.
Repairing parted, split or leaking casings.
Repairing holes worn in the casing .
Complete annular cementing after lost circulation to
maintain well control.
54
Temporary Plug & Abandonment
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
9 Inflatable Bridge Plugs
55
Temporary Plug and Abandonment

Retrievable bridge plugs are used to suspend template
drilled wells prior to installation of production facilities.
DRILLING TEMPLATE
PRODUCTION FACILITY
INSTALLATION ON TEMPLATE
56
Permanent Plug & Abandonment
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
9 Drillable Bridge Plug
9 Permanent Inflatable Bridge Plug
57
Permanent Plug and Abandonment

Drillable and inflatable cement retainers,
drillable bridge and inflatable permanent bridge
plugs are used for permanent abandonment
with non productive dry hole or economically
unfeasible well bore.
SC
P
HE &
M A
AT
IC
Cement retainers and bridge plugs are

used for plug back applications to
facilitate a side track operation.
SIDE TRACK WELLS

58
Production Testing
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
9 Retrievable Service Packer w/Retrievable Bridge Plug
9 Retrievable Inflatable Bridge Plug
59
Production Testing
Retrievable service packers are used for
tubing conveyed perforation (TCP) System for

under balanced perforating and zonal
production estimation.
Retrievable and inflatable service packers and
retrievable bridge plugs are used for formation

flow testing applications other than TCP
applications.
TCP
PRODUCTION FLARE
60
Secondary Cementing
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
61
Secondary or Squeeze Cementing

Typically when secondary cementing is performed
during the completion cycle to repair or improve the
primary cementing, which did not affect well control
during the drilling cycle.
Workover rig design is more economically and
physically suitable for secondary cementing type
operations.
62

Retrievable and inflatable service packers and retrievable
bridge plugs along with all cement retainers are used to:
Complete the annular fill of cement in the casing or liner
strings. Raise the top of cement to isolate the production
zones.
Stop gas cutting or influx into the cemented annulus to
eliminate cross flow between zones.
Seal channels caused by improper drilling fluid displacement
or poor casing centralization.
63
Stimulation
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
9 Inflatable Straddle Packer
9 Selective Stimulation Tools
9 Drillable Composite Bridge Plug
9 Drillable Composite Frac Plug
64
Stimulation
Stimulation operations are performed during the
completion cycle to:

Enlarge existing or create new channels so that oil and gas can
more readily flow to the wellbore.
Create or expand fractures with interconnected channels for
adequate production.
Repair existing channels to the wellbore that may have been
damaged during the initial drilling process or during past
workover operations.
Remove production obstructions such as water, emulsion and
deposited solids.
65
Stimulation
Stimulation operations may be performed during a wells
initial completion cycle to initiate production.

There are two basic stimulation methods.
Acidizing
Hydraulic Fracturing
66
Acid Stimulation
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
67
Stimulation
There are three types of acid treatment methods:
Matrix Acidizing
Acid Fracturing
Selective Acidizing
68
Matrix Acid Stimulation

Typically performed with retrievable and inflatable
service packers. Retrievable bridge plugs are used when

required for lower isolation.
Matrix acidizing is a technique where the treatment is
pumped at a rate and pressure below the formation frac

gradient, to avoid creating additional formation fractures.
This technique is used whenever formation damage is
present or whenever a water zone or gas cap is close

and fracturing might result in higher water or excessive
gas production.
69
Acid Frac Stimulation

Common application with retrievable and inflatable
service packers. Retrievable bridge plugs are used when

required for lower zone isolation.
Acid fracturing is the most widely used treatment in low
permeable formations.
This technique will hydraulically fracture the formation to
crack the rock while the acid will etch or dissolve a path
so that when the fracture closes a flow channel will
remain.
70
Selective Acid Stimulation

Selective applications are performed with inflatable
straddle and selective stimulations tool systems.

Retrievable and inflatable service packer and bridge plug
systems can also used with diverter agents such as

perforation sealer balls, etc..
This technique ensures that the entire formation or
distinct parts of a formation are stimulated.
71
Hydraulic Frac Stimulation
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
72

Applications that use hydraulic pressure greater than the
formation frac gradient to create, enlarge and extend

channels from the wellbore into the formation rock to
increase a wells production.
Typically the channels are kept open with propping agents
such as sand, bauxite, etc..

Fracing is used in oil and gas production applications,
also in waterflood, CO2 injection and waste disposal

applications.
73

Many hydraulic frac stimulations
are pumped down the casing,

without packers in place, or
without ID restrictions; they are
commonly called a casing frac.
This technique is used to reduce
the surface pumping horsepower

requirement and enable
placement of larger treatment
volumes at high pump rates.
FRAC TREE
74
Composite bridge plugs and frac plugs are used for

casing frac applications when multiple zones are
selectively fractured in natural gas environments.
Retrievable service packers and bridge plugs can be
used in some frac stimulation applications.
75
Rod Pumping Completion - Production
APPLICABLE PRODUCT
9 Tubing Anchor Catcher
76

Rod pumping is an artificial production
method used to produce a non flowing oil

well.
The well fluid is lifted to the surface by a

downhole pump landed in the tubing string.
The pump is actuated by the up and down

motion of the pump jack on the surface
which moves the sucker rods up and down
to function the down hole pump.
The pumping action causes tubing

movement or breathing and buckling when
not anchored.
77

w/ Tubing Anchor Catcher
The Tubing Anchor Catcher functions to:
Anchor the tubing string to prevent movement
during production.
Catch the tubing if parted on rod pumping
completions.
Protect tubing from parted rod impact and cyclic
stress during pumping.
Mechanical set available.
TACDESIGN software for proper operation.
78

w/ Tubing Anchor Catcher
Additional benefits shown when TACDESIGN is
used are:
By anchoring the tubing correctly, the friction
between the tubing and sucker rods:
Reduces the tubing and rod wear and parting.

Reduces the pump jack size and operating
costs.
Reduces the pump plunger size.
Reduces the number of pumping strokes to
further reduce costs and expenses.
79
Secondary Cementing Production

APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
80
Secondary Cementing - Production

Utilizing retrievable and drillable service packers and bridge
plugs during the production cycle, secondary cementing is

used to repair:
Casing pressure integrity.
Production efficiency.
Zonal isolation for recompletion of the well.
81

To maintain casing pressure integrity during the production
cycle, secondary cementing is performed to repair:

Deteriorated previously squeezed perforations.
Eroded or corroded casings.
Parted, split or leaking casing.
82

Secondary cementing is used to improve production
efficiency by:
Preventing the migration, called cross flow, of fluids and or
gases in the annulus into other formations.
Reducing the water oil ratio. Following the squeeze job, the
well is re-perforated at a depth to reduce the flow of water.
Changing the oil - gas ratio. Following the squeeze job, the well
is re-perforated at a depth to reduce the flow of gas.
83

Secondary cementing is used during zonal isolation for
recompletion operations to:

Permanently abandon nonproductive zones, commonly called
plugging back, when the well is to be recompleted shallower in
the wellbore.
Complete the annular fill of cement in the casing or liner strings.
Raise the top of cement to isolate the new production zones.
84
Stimulation
APPLICABLE PRODUCTS
85
Stimulation
Just as in the completion cycle the two basic stimulation
methods and equipment used to enhance a well during

the production cycle are:
Acidizing with retrievable service, inflatable and straddle packer
systems.
Hydraulic fracturing with composite bridge and frac plugs and
retrievable service tools systems.
86
Permanent Plug Back
APPLICABLE SYSTEMS
9 Drillable Bridge Plug
9 Permanent Inflatable Bridge Plug
87

Drillable and inflatable cement retainers are used for
secondary cementing during the production cycle to:

Permanently abandon nonproductive zones or the entire well
bore.
Seal off depleted zones from production intervals in multizone
completions.
88

Drillable and inflatable bridge plugs are used when
cement is not required below the plugs for plug back

applications to:
Permanently abandon nonproductive zones or the entire well
bore.
Seal off depleted zones from production intervals in multizone
completions.
89
Temporary Abandonment
APPLICABLE SYSTEMS
9 Inflatable Retrievable Bridge Plug
90
Plug and Abandonment

As during the drilling cycle temporary well bore
abandonment systems may be required because of:

Economic issue, the cost of operation is not offset by revenue
generate at the present time.
HU
N
A
IC
R
R
IN
R
T
KA
Environmental issue, flooding or other

natural disasters, etc.
Political issues, unstable

governments, etc.
DESERT STORM
91
Work Over Systems Life Cycle

Applications
92

Work Over Systems Knowledge

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WORK OVER SYSTEMS

2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All rights reserved.

Work Over Systems Introduction

2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All rights reserved. WO-KD#13.17.2008

Work Over Systems Introduction

2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All rights reserved. WO-KD#13.17.2008

Work Over Systems Introduction

2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All rights reserved. WO-KD#13.17.2008