Reportt - FIN

B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG
BO CO TNG KT
TI KHOA HC V CNG NGH

CP I HC NNG
NGHIN CU CHN ON H HNG H TRUYN

NG BNH RNG BNG PHN TCH TN HIU
DAO NG V M THANH, S DNG PHNG
PHP WAVELET, WAVELET PACKET V
HILBERT
M s: N2012-02-24
Ch nhim ti: PGS.TS. L Cung
Nng, 12/2012
B GIO DC V O TO
I HC NNG
BO CO TNG KT
TI KHOA HC V CNG NGH

CP I HC NNG
NGHIN CU CHN ON H HNG H TRUYN

NG BNH RNG BNG PHN TCH TN HIU DAO
NG V M THANH, S DNG PHNG PHP
WAVELET, WAVELET PACKET V HILBERT
M s: 2012-02-24
Xc nhn ca c quan ch tr ti
(k, h v tn, ng du)
Ch nhim ti
(k, h v tn)
Nng, Thng 11/2012
ii
DANH SCH THNH VIN THAM GIA TI

1) TS. Bi Minh Hin, Ging vin B mn Nguyn l chi tit my, Khoa S phm k
thut, trng i hc Bch khoa.
2) KS. Nguyn Hu Lp Trng, Ph trch Phng th nghim Tin hc Cng nghip, Sn
xut t ng, Chng trnh PFIEV, trng i hc Bch khoa.
3) KS. Hong Ngc Thin V, Hc vin Cao hc, ngnh Cng ngh ch to my, Khoa
C kh.
4) KS. Trn Kim Phc, Hc vin Cao hc, ngnh Sn xut t ng, Chng trnh
PFIEV.
5) Trn L Ngc Hong, Nguyn Thi Sn, Sinh vin ngnh Sn xut t ng, Chng
trnh PFIEV.
MC LC
DANH SCH THNH VIN THAM GIA TI ................................ ...................... i
MC LC ................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... ii
THNG TIN KT QU NGHIN CU ................................ ................................ ...... vi
INFORMATION ON RESEARCH RESULTS ................................ ........................... viii
M U ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 1
1.
Tnh cp thit ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1
2.
Mc tiu ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 1
3.
Cch tip cn, phng php nghin cu ................................ ................................ . 1
4.
i tng v phm vi nghin cu ................................ ................................ .......... 2
5.
Ni dung nghin cu ................................ ................................ ............................... 2
CHNG 1 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 3

TNG QUAN V CHN ON H HNG TRONG TRUYN NG
BNH RNG BNG PHN TCH DAO NG V M THANH ........................... 3
1.1. Gii thiu ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 3
1.2. Cc h hng/khuyt tt ch yu trong truyn ng bnh rng ............................... 3
1.2.1.
Nhit trong hp tc qu cao ................................ ................................ .... 4
1.2.2.
Hp tc c ting n l khi hot ng ................................ ........................... 4
1.2.3.
Trc r v mi b mt rng ................................ ................................ ................ 4
1.2.4.
Gy rng ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4
1.2.5.
Mn rng ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 5
1.2.6.
Dnh rng ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 6
1.2.7.
Bin dng do ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 6
1.3. Nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng v m thanh trong thit b, my mc .................. 6

1.3.1.
Nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng ................................ ................................ ........ 6
1.3.2.
Nguyn nhn gy nn ting n ................................ ................................ .......... 8
1.4. K thut v phng php theo di, chn on h hng trong thit b c kh ........ 9
1.5. Tnh hnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc ................................ ........................... 10
1.6. Nhn xt v kt lun ................................ ................................ ............................. 13
CHNG 2 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 14
ii
C S L THUYT CA CC PHNG PHP WAVELET, WAVELET

PACKET V HILBERT................................ ................................ ............................... 14
2.1. Phn tch Wavelet ................................ ................................ ................................ . 14
2.1.1.
Bin i Fourier ................................ ................................ .............................. 14
2.1.2.
Bin i Wavelet ................................ ................................ ............................. 16
2.1.2.1. Bin i Wavelet lin tc ................................ ................................ ................ 17

2.1.2.2. Bin i Wavelet ri rc ................................ ................................ ................. 18
2.2. Phn tch Wavelet Packet ................................ ................................ ..................... 18
2.3. Phn tch Hilbert ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 20
2.4. Phn tch phi hp gia Wavelet Packet v Hilbert ................................ ............. 21
CHNG 3 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 24
M HNH THC NGHIM THU NHN V X L TN HIU ............................ 24
3.1. S nguyn l h thng theo di v chn on tnh trng thit b .................... 24
3.2. M hnh thit b thu nhn, phn tch tn hiu m thanh v dao ng ................... 25
3.3. Thit b v phn mm thu nhn v x l tn hiu ................................ ................. 26
3.3.1.
Thit b NI compact DAQ 9172 ................................ ................................ ...... 26
3.3.1.1. Gii thiu ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 26

3.3.1.2. Chc nng................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 26
3.3.1.3. Mun c h tr ................................ ................................ .......................... 26
3.3.1.4. Phn mm h tr ................................ ................................ ............................. 26
3.3.2.
Thit b NI 9233 ................................ ................................ .............................. 27
3.3.3.
Cm bin s dng trong thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh .................. 27
3.3.3.1. Cm bin quang ................................ ................................ ............................... 27

3.3.3.2. Cm bin dao ng ................................ ................................ .......................... 28
3.3.3.3. Micro 29
3.3.4.
Thit b thu nhn tn hiu m thanh ................................ ................................ 29
3.3.4.1. Micro kiu mng mng ................................ ................................ ................... 29

3.3.4.2. B tin khuch i ................................ ................................ ........................... 30
3.3.4.3. B khuch i ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 30
3.3.4.4. Cp kt ni ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 31
iii
3.3.5.
Phn mm h tr ................................ ................................ ............................. 31
3.3.5.1. Phn mm thu nhn tn hiu ................................ ................................ ............ 31

3.3.5.2. Cng c ton hc Matlab ................................ ................................ ................ 32
3.4. M hnh thc nghim ................................ ................................ ............................ 32
3.5. Phng php thu nhn tn hiu ................................ ................................ ............. 33
3.6. Phn mm x l tn hiu ................................ ................................ ....................... 35
3.6.1.
Xy dng phn mm x l ................................ ................................ .............. 36
3.6.2.
Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet ................................ ..... 36
3.6.3.
Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet .......................... 38
3.6.4.
Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet - Hilbert ........... 39
3.7. M phng h hng trong b truyn bnh rng ................................ ..................... 39

CHNG 4 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 42
NHN DNG V CHN ON H HNG ................................ ........................... 42
4.1. X l tn hiu dao ng thc nghim tr n hp gim tc 1 cp ............................ 42
4.1.1.
Thng s c trng ca hp gim tc bnh rng mt cp .............................. 42
4.1.2.
Cc dng hng trong HGT v tn hiu thu nhn ................................ ............. 42
4.1.3.
Phn tch tn hiu dao ng dng Wavelet ................................ ...................... 45
4.1.4.
Phn tch tn hiu m thanh s dng Wavelet ................................ ................. 49
4.2. X l tn hiu dao ng thc nghim trn hp gim tc 2 cp ............................ 50

4.2.1.
Thng s c trng ca hp gim tc bnh rng 2 cp ................................ ... 50
4.2.2.
Cc dng hng trong hp gim tc 2 cp ................................ ........................ 51
4.2.3.
Tn hiu dao ng thu nhn ................................ ................................ ............. 51
4.2.4.
Phn tch tn hiu dao ng s dng Wavelet Packet v Hilbert .................... 53
4.2.4.1. Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 li h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra ............. 53

4.2.4.2. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 2 li h hng: gy rng trc vo v trc r bnh
rng trc ra. ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 56
4.2.4.3. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 3 h hng: trc r bnh rng trc ra, g y rng
trc vo v trc r vng ngoi ca ln gn trn trc ra. ................................ ......... 57
4.2.5.
Tn hiu m thanh thu nhn ................................ ................................ ............. 59
4.2.5.1. Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 li h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra ............. 59

iv
4.2.5.2. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 2 li h hng: gy rng trc vo v trc r

bnh rng trc ra. ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 59
4.2.5.3. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 3 h hng: trc r bnh rng trc ra, g y rng
trc vo v trc r vng ngoi ca ln gn trn trc ra. ................................ ......... 60
4.2.6.
Phn tch tn hiu m thanh s dng Wavelet Packet v Hilbert .................... 61
4.3. Nhn xt v kt lun ................................ ................................ ............................. 64

KT LUN V TRIN VNG CA TI ................................ ........................... 65
1.
Kt lun ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 65
2.
Trin vng pht trin v hng nghin cu tip tc ................................ ............. 65
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................ ................................ ........................... 767
I HC NNG
CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
THNG TIN KT QU NGHIN CU

1. Thng tin chung
- Tn ti: Nghin cu chn on h hng h truyn ng bnh rng bng phn tch tn
hiu dao ng v m thanh, s dng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert.
- M s: 2012-02-24
- Ch nhim: PGS. TS. L Cung
- Thnh vin tham gia: Bi Minh Hin, Nguyn Hu Lp Trng, Hong Ngc Thin V,
Trn Kim Phc, Trn L Ngc Hong, Nguyn Thi Sn.
- C quan ch tr: Trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc Nng
- Thi gian thc hin: 01 nm (nm 2012)
2. Mc tiu
Nghin cu ng dng cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert, nhm phn
tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh thu c t cc h hng trong h truyn ng bnh rng,
t tm ra du hiu nhn dng cc h hng mt cch chnh xc v c tin cy cao.
3. Tnh mi v sng to
Du hiu thc nghim nhn dng h hng h truyn ng bnh rng trong hp gim tc
bng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert, thng qua tn hiu dao ng v m
thanh.
4. Tm tt kt qu nghin cu
- Xy dng phn mm phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh s dng cng c Wavelet,
Wavelet Packet v php bin i Hilbert.
- Lp rp m hnh th nghim thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh trong truyn ng
bnh rng mt cp v nhiu cp; m phng cc dng hng thc t nh gy rng, mn rng,
trc r b mt rng, trc r trn ln...
- Thu nhn v x l tn hiu thc nghim, a ra du hiu nhn dng h hng.
vi
5. Tn sn phm
- M hnh thu nhn tn hiu dao ng, m thanh t cc dng hng g y rng, trc r b mt
rng, mn rng trong HGT mt cp v hai cp bnh rng.
- Chng trnh phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh s dng cc phng php
Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert
- Du hin nhn dng h hng.
6. Hiu qu, phng thc chuyn giao kt qu nghin cu v kh nng p dng:
ng dng chn on h hng h truyn ng bnh rng cho dy chuyn sn xut t ng
trong cc x nghip c nhu cu, phc v cho cng tc bo dng d phng.
7. Hnh nh, s minh ha chnh
Ngy
C quan Ch tr
(k, h v tn, ng du)
thng 12 nm 2012
Ch nhim ti
(k, h v tn)
vii
INFORMATION ON RESEARCH RESULTS

1. General information
Project title: Investigation on the diagnosis of gearing transmission defects via v ibration
and acoustic signals, using Wavelet, Wavelet Packet and Hilbert methods.
Code number: 2012-02-24
Project Leader: Prof. Assoc. LE Cung.
Coordinator: BUI Minh Hien, NGUYEN HUU Lap Truong, HOANG NGOC Thien Vu,
TRAN Kim Phuc, TRAN LE Ngoc Hoang, NGUYEN Thai Son.
Implementing institution: Danang University University of Science and Technology.
Duration: From January 2012 to December 2012.
2. Objective(s)
Investigation and application of Wavelet, Wavelet Packet, Hilbert methods in order to
analyse vibration and acoustic signals, issued from gearing defects in gear reducers, and
finding out the signs for exact and reliable identification of the defects.
3. Creativeness and innovativeness
Experimental signs for identifying gearing transmission defects, via vibration and
acoustic signals, using Wavelet, Wavelet Packet and Hilbert methods.
4. Research results
- Software for analysis of vibration and acoustic signals, using Wavelet, Wavelet Packet
methods and Hilbert transform.
- Test rig of gear reducers for acquisition of vibration and acoustic signals; models of real
gearing defects such as gear pittin g, broken teeth and gear wear,
- Signs for identification of gearing defects in gear reducer s via vibration and acoustic
signals.
5. Products:
- Test rig of gear reducers for acquisition of vibration and acoustic signals fron gearing
defects: gear pitting, broken teeth, gear wear
- Software for analysis of vibration and acoustic signals, using Wavelet, Wavelet Packet
methods and Hilbert transform.
viii
- Signs for identification of gearing defects in gear reducer via vibration and acoustic
signals.
6. Effects, transfer alternatives of reserach results and applicability:
Application to diagnosis of gearing transmission defects in production line, for preventive
maintenance.
ix
M U
1. Tnh cp thit
Vic theo di, pht hin v chn on h hng sm ca cc phn t c kh nh b truyn
bnh rng, ln... l mt nhu cu thc t hin nay trn cc dy chuyn sn xut t ng,
nhm chn on sm cc h hng, gp phn vo cng tc bo dng d phng hay kim tra,
nh gi tnh trng hot ng ca thit b, kp thi x l h hng, trnh cc s c ng tic
xy ra gy nh tr sn xut.
Cc phng php c s dng thng dng hin nay trong chn on h hng c kh trn
thc t bao gm: phng php Kurtosis, phng php phn tch ph FFT, phng php pht
hin hnh bao, phng php ph loga (cepstrum),... Tn hiu c s dng trong chn on l
tn hiu dao ng nhn c t cc h truyn ng c kh c cc h hng.
Tuy nhin, tn hiu nhn c t cc h truyn ng bnh rng thng cha nhiu thnh
phn tn s, i khi cc tn s thay i theo thi gian, i khi cc tn hiu nhn c l
khng dng. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu ng dng cc cng c mnh nh phng php
Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert l ht sc cn thit, chng cho php phn tch tn hiu v
nhn dng chnh xc vi tin cy cao cc h hng sm trong h truyn ng c kh.
Bn cnh , vic nhn dng h hng thng qua tn hiu m thanh bt u c s dng
trong nhng nm gn y. Trong mt s trng hp vic thu nhn tn hiu m thanh thun
li hn thu nhn tn hiu dao ng, ng thi vic phn tch tn hiu m thanh kt hp vi
phn tch tn hiu dao ng cho php nhn dng chnh xc cc h hng trong truyn ng
bnh rng.
2. Mc tiu
Nghin cu ng dng cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert, nhm phn
tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh thu c t cc h hng trong h truyn ng bnh rng,
t tm ra du hiu nhn dng cc h hng mt cch chnh xc v c tin cy cao.
3. Cch tip cn, phng php nghin cu

a) Cch tip cn
- Nghin cu l thuyt v cc phng php x l tn hiu dao ng m thanh nhm xy
dng phn mm x l tn hiu.
- Nghin cu thc nghim bng cch xy dng cc dng hng: trc r, gy rng, mn
rng trn m hnh thc nghim.
b) Phng php nghin cu
Nghin cu l thuyt kt hp vi thc nghim, nhm tm ra cc du hiu chn on sm
cc h hng.
4. i tng v phm vi nghin cu

a) i tng nghin cu
- Cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v php bin i Hilbert.
- Tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu dao ng.
b) Phm vi nghin cu
Cc dng hng nh trc r, mn rng, gy rng trong hp gim tc bnh rng mt cp
v nhiu cp.
5. Ni dung nghin cu
- Nghin cu v l thuyt cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet, php bin i
Hilbert v cc ng dng ca chng trong x l tn hiu dao ng v m thanh .
- Nghin cu thut ton x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet, php
bin i Hilbert.
- Xy dng phn mm phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh s dng cc cng c nu
trn.
- Lp rp m hnh th nghim thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh trong truyn ng
bnh rng mt cp v nhiu cp; m phng cc dng hng thc t nh gy rng, mn rng,
trc r b mt rng, trc r trn rnh ln trong ln.
- Thu nhn v x l tn hiu thc nghim nhm nhn dng cc h hng nu trn.
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V CHN ON H HNG TRONG
TRUYN NG BNH RNG BNG PHN TCH DAO
NG V M THANH
1.1.
Gii thiu
Trong qu trnh vn hnh cc thit b, my mc, cng tc bo dng l mt nhim v

quan trng, bo m thit b, my mc hot ng an ton v hiu qu. Trong cng tc ny,
vic pht hin v chn on cc du hiu h hng kp thi thay th, sa cha l rt cn
thit. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu chn on cc h hng trong thit b, my mc c
nhiu nh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc quan tm.
Truyn ng bnh rng l truyn ng c s dng ph bin trong cc thit b c kh.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, h hng ca cc phn t c kh nh ln, b truyn bnh rng, b
truyn xch, pht ra cc tn hiu dao ng hay m thanh c cc tn s khc nhau, tng
ng vi cc h hng. Da vo vic phn tch cc tn s pht ra t cc phn t c kh, khi
my mc hot ng, ngi ta c th pht hin v chn on tnh trng hot ng ca cc
phn t c kh cng nh my mc, thit b. Tuy nhin, vic nghin cu chn on chnh xc
vi tin cy cao cc h hng vn cn nhiu vn kh khn cn tip tc gii quyt v hon
thin. Vic nghin cu chn on h hng thng qua phn tch tn hiu dao ng thu c t
h bnh rng l i tng nghin cu ca nhiu cng trnh trong sut thi gian di. Trong
thi gian gn y, nhiu nghin cu phn tch tn hiu m thanh cng c cc tc gi quan
tm, v thu c mt s kt qu kh quan.
1.2.
Cc h hng/khuyt tt ch yu trong truyn ng bnh rng
Cc h hng/khuyt tt trong truyn ng bnh rng c phn thnh ba loi: cc khuyt

tt ch to (sai s dng rng, lch tm ca cc bnh...), cc khuyt tt lp rp (khuyt tt
v khng song song, khng ng trc...), v cc h hng xut hin khi lm vic (trc
r b mt lm vic, gy rng, mn rng, vt nt chn rng...). Cc h hng ny c th gy
ra sai s truyn ng [47] [30] v pht ra cc tn hiu dao ng hay m thanh khi thit b hot
ng.
Theo cc ti liu v chi tit my v truyn ng c kh, cc h hng/khuyt tt ch yu

xut hin khi bnh rng lm vic bao gm:
1.2.1. Nhit trong hp tc qu cao

Cc nguyn nhn lm nhit trong hp tc qu cao nh:
Ti trng qu ln tc ng ln b truyn; tc quay ca b truyn qu nhanh; lng
du bi trn trong hp cha ng tiu chun; cht lng du bi trn khng tt.
khng ng tm gia cc khp ni; nhit vng bi tng; khe h hng knh vt
qu mc cho php, xut hin ting n.
Trc dao ng: do khp ni khng ng tm; do tnh n hi ca khp ni mm; do
mt cn bng ng.
Gi dao ng: do qu ti, hay tc vn hnh qu ln; ln b mn, khe h hng
knh ln; khp ni cc trc khng ng tm.
1.2.2. Hp tc c ting n l khi hot ng

Nguyn nhn do n khp bnh rng cha ng, khe h n khp ln, rng bn v g st, do
mn rng, gy rng; do hp tc cha c c nh tt trn nn; s mt ng tm ca trc;
ch bi trn cha tt.
1.2.3. Trc r v mi b mt rng

Do tc dng ca ng sut thay i c chu k lm xut hin cc vt nt t vi v mi trn
b mt rng v pht trin theo hng ca vn tc trt. Du trn vo cc vt nt. Khi n
khp vi bnh dn, im tip xc di chuyn t chn ln n nh, cc vt nt phn chn
rng b bt ming li lm p sut du trong vt nt tng ln, vt nt pht trin, lm cc mnh
kim loi b bc ra khi chn rng. Vi bnh b dn, im tip xc di chuyn t nh n chn
rng, do hin tng trc cng xy ra phn chn rng.
Trc thng bt u vng gn tm n khp v pha chn rng v y ng sut tip
xc v lc ma st c tr s ln nht. y l dng hng ch yu i vi cc b truyn c
ngm trong du, bi trn tt.
1.2.4. Gy rng
Gy rng l dng hng nguy him nht, b truyn khng tip tc lm vic c na v
cn gy nguy him cho cc chi tit my ln cn. Gy rng do nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra nh
do ng sut un gy nn trong qu trnh lm vic, gy rng v mi kt cu vt liu, gy rng

v ti qu ln so vi gii hn cho php
Do ng sut un gy nn. Vt gy thng bt u t ch chn rng, ch c gc ln l
ni tp trung ng sut ln. Vi bnh rng quay mt chiu, vt nt th ng xut hin cc th
chu ko. Rng c th gy do qu ti ln hay do mi. Gy do qu ti ln: rng b gy t ngt
di tc dng ca ti trng va dp hay ti trng tnh qu ln. G y v mi: do tc dng lu di
ca ng sut un thay i c chu k v c gi tr vt qu mt gi tr cho php.
Fig 1. 1: Trc r b mt rng: a) Trc r mi xut hin b) Tr c lan
Fig 1. 2: Gy rng
Fig 1. 3: Mn rng
1.2.5. Mn rng
Thng gp trong cc b truyn bi trn khng tt hoc bi bn, ht kim loi ri vo ch
n khp. Rng mn nhiu nh v chn rng, v vn tc trt ln. Mn rng lm bin
dng rng b thay i, ti trng tng ln, tit din rng b gim xung v cui cng rng b
gy.
Fig 1. 4: Dnh rng
Fig 1. 5: Bin dng do b mt rng
1.2.6. Dnh rng

Xy ra nhiu nht trong b truyn chu ti qu ln v c vn tc cao. Ti ch n khp,
nhit sinh ra qu cao, ph v mng du, hai rng trc tip tip xc vi nhau. Do p sut v
nhit cao, hai rng dnh vo nhau, nhng mu kim loi nh b bt ra khi rng n y v dnh
vo rng kia, lm cho b mt lm vic ca rng b xt nhiu, bin dng rng b ph hng.
1.2.7. Bin dng do

i vi bnh rng thp c cng thp, chu ti trng ln v vn tc thp. Ti trng ln
lm b mt rng b bin dng do. Do lc ma st, trn rng bnh dn, kim loi b y v pha
chn rng v nh rng, cn trn bnh b dn, kim loi dn v pha gia rng.
Vi mi dng hng hc khc nhau khi lm vic b truyn bnh rng s pht ra tn hiu
dao ng v m thanh vi tn s tng ng. Da vo cc tn s dao ng/m thanh pht ra t
truyn ng bnh rng, ngi ta c th nhn dng c cc khuyt tt. Trong nghin cu
ny, chng ti phn tch c tn hiu m thanh v dao ng pht hin v nhn dng cc h
hng sau y: trc r, gy rng, mn rng.
1.3.
Nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng v m thanh trong thit b, my mc
1.3.1. Nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng

Tt c cc bt thng tc ng ln mt my quay, bao gm s mt cn bng, s khng
ng trc, hin tng xoy ca du, s bin dng ca trc, khe h qu mc hay s tho lng
mi ghp ren, s trc r ca ln, cc bt thng v in t trn stato hay rto ng c in,
h hng ca khp ni hay trong truyn ng bnh rng..., u gy ra cc dao ng m chu k
hay tn s lp li tng ng vi tn s ca hin tng gy ra n, ni chung cc tn s ny c
th c xc nh bng vic nghin cu ng hc my. Cc tn hiu dao ng xut hin v
truyn ra gi trc hay ra bn ngoi thn my. Tn hiu dao ng ni chung c trng cho
6
ti trng ng trong bnh rng, ln khi chng chuyn ng. Mt s bt thng ca tn

hiu dao ng th hin s hot ng khng b nh thng ca cc phn t ny.
Cc nguyn ch yu gy nn dao ng trong my mc, thit b l do c cc lc tc ng
lp i lp li, gy nn bi s mt cn bng ca chi tit quay, mt ng tm trc, ma st c
hc, s mi mn, cc b phn my c dn ng khng hp l.
S mt cn bng: Do s phn b khi lng khng ng u trn b phn quay gy
nn mt cn bng. Nguyn nhn ca nhng phn b khng u ny thng do kch c
bu lng khng cng nhau, s xm thc bn trong, mt cn bng v trng lng, cn
bng sai, cnh m t in khng u, b gy, b bin dng, n mn hoc cc cnh qut
b ng bn.
Mt ng tm trc: Khng ng tm trc xy ra do sai lch v tr ban u (do thit k,
lp t), hoc s thay i v tr ca mt chi tit my do hin t ng dn n nhit.
Nguyn nhn ny gy nn cc dao ng v to ra cc ng sut c xu hng gy h
hng cho nhng khp ni trc v . S khng ng tm trc c th l lch gc,
lch song song hoc c th hai loi tr n.
Ma st c hc: Trong nhiu b truyn ca my thng xy ra ma st c hc do cc
nguyn nhn nh: Trc tip xc vi lp hp kim ca trt, cc vng ln ca bi;
Mt phn ca roto tip xc vo v my.
S mi mn: S mi mn gy ra mt lc lp li trn my bi s c xt ca cc b mt
b mi mn. S mi mn ca vng bi, cc bnh rng, dy ai thng do s lp rp
khng ng, bi trn km, khuyt tt trong qu trnh sn xut v do qu ti. iu ny
gy ra mt lc lp li trn my do s cung cp nng lng gin on.
S lng cc chi tit lp rp: S lng ca cc chi tit my gy ra dao ng my. Nu
cc chi tit my b tho lng, s dao ng ang mc cho php c th tr nn qu
mc v khng th kim sot. Nguyn nhn thng l do khe h vng bi qu ln, lng
bu lng mng, s tch ri cc chi tit lp ghp, s n mn v s nt ca cc kt cu
kim loi.
S cng hng gia cc b phn my: My s dao ng ngy mt tng do lc lp li
kch thch my dao ng mt tn s gn vi tn s ring. Mt my dao ng theo
cch thc trn c cho l b cng hng. Mt lc lp li nh c th s khng gy
mt vn g cho n khi bt u gy ra s cng hng.
7
Ngoi nhng nguyn nhn chnh nu trn, cn c cc nguyn nhn ph khc nh:
- lch tm ti ngng trc cng gy ra s dao ng my.
- S bin dng trong lp rp cc chi tit.
1.3.2. Nguyn nhn gy nn ting n

Ting n t cc my mc, thit b l mt vn quan trng nh hng n mi trng
lm vic. Mt s ngun c th gy ra ting n trong cc thit b, my mc c kh: ng c,
cc b truyn, trong ting n ca cc b truyn bnh rng c th gy nh hng ng
k. Theo tiu chun ca Lin minh Chu u, xe ti hng phi c mc n ti a cho php
l 80dB vi mt s iu kin nht nh, ting n ny ch yu gy nn bi hp tc (bao
gm nhiu b truyn bnh rng).
Ting n trong h thng sn xut dn t hai nguyn nhn:
Ting n c kh: Gy ra bi s lm vic ca cc my mc do s chuyn ng ca cc
c cu pht ra ting n khng kh trc tip; Gy ra bi b mt cc c cu hoc cc b
phn kt cu lin quan vi chng.
Ting n kh ng: Sinh ra do cht lng hoc hi, kh chuyn ng vn tc ln (ting
n qut my, my kh nn, cc ng c phn lc...)
Ting n ca cc my in: Do s dao ng ca cc phn tnh v phn quay di nh
hng ca lc t thay i tc dng khe khng kh v ngay trong vt liu ca my
in; Do s chuyn ng ca cc dng khng kh trong my v s dao ng cc chi
tit v cc u mi do s khng cn bng ca phn quay.
Ting n ca bnh rng c th phn lm hai loi, ting rn (gear whine) v ting va
p/lch cch (gear rattle). Ting rn ca bnh rng c m t l tn s n khp v
sng hi (harmonics) ca chng. Ting va p c th xut hin khi c s thay i tc
hoc i chiu quay ca b truyn bnh rng.
Nhiu tc gi [20][21][22] [47] cho rng, nguyn nhn gy nn ting n trong b truyn
bnh rng l:
Sai s trong truyn ng. Theo l thuyt, trong mt b truyn bnh rng, hai b mt
rng (thn khai) tip hon ho tip xc vi nhau v chung c cng tuyt i. Do
vy, t s truyn ca cp bnh rng l hng s. Tuy nhin, do s khng chnh xc
trong gia cng m b mt rng thng khng phi l nhng b mt (thn khai) hon
ho, cng nh cng b mt khng phi l tuyt i. V th, c s sai s trong
8
truyn ng t bnh rng dn sang bnh rng b dn. Sai s truyn ng v s thay i
cng thng c xem l nguyn nhn u tin gy ra ting n.
Ma st cng l mt yu t gy ra ting n trong b truyn bnh rng. Ma st nh
hng n sai s truyn ng v ting n trong b truyn bnh rng. Trong qu trnh
n khp, ma st trt gy ra lc ma st tc ng vung gc ln ng n khp. Qu
trnh n khp c c trng bi chuyn ng hn hp gia trt v ln.
1.4.
K thut v phng php theo di, chn on h hng trong thit b c kh

Trong chn on h hng thit b c kh ni chung v h truyn ng bnh rng ni
ring, c th s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau, nh theo di nhit ca h, phn tch
du bi trn, nghin cu dao ng, phn tch m thanh pht ra
C rt nhiu k thut v phng php nhm theo di v chn on h hng c
pht trin trong nhiu nm qua, in hnh nht l cc k thut v phng php sau y [2]:
Theo di dao ng ca cc thng s (mc ton cc).
Phn tch ph dao ng trn cc di tn tng i hp.
Ci thin phn gii hay phng to (zoom).
Pht hin hnh bao (gii iu bin bin tp trung trn vng cng hng).
Kho st cc hm iu ha hay cc hi.
Nghin cu cc di bn iu bin tp trung trn mt tn s c trng.
Kho st v theo di cc gi tr ph lga (cepstre).
Nghin cu cc dng tn s ring.
K thut s dng h s Kurtosis.
Mt s phng php hin nay ang c nghin cu v bt u s dng rng ri:
Phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet.
Phng php Wavelet kt hp vi php bin i Hilbert
Vic thu thp tn hiu v thc hin chn on c th da trn hai phng thc:
-
Chn on bng cc thit b o c cm tay v phn tch th cng:
Thit b o dao ng cm tay tng i r tin v n gin. Khi nhng dng c ny

tip xc vi nhng my mc dao ng s hin th mt dy cc s liu dao ng. D liu nhn
c cho php xc nh tnh trng hot ng ca my l bnh thng hay bt bnh thng.
u im ca loi thit b ny l linh hot khi s dng. Tuy nhin, ch ph hp cho vic thu
thp mt s i lng o lng nht nh v khng c kh nng lu tr s liu.
-
Chn on h hng bng h thng theo di v phn tch s liu:
y l phng php rt ph bin hin nay. Cc thng s k thut c thit b o c v

ghi li gip pht hin v theo di s pht trin ca h hng trong my mc trong qu trnh
hot ng, nhm lp k hoch can thip kp thi.
Mi k thut v phng php u c nhng u nhc im v phm vi s dng khc
nhau. c kt lun chnh xc v h hng, ngi ta thng hay kt hp nhiu k thut v
phng php khc nhau khi phn tch tn hiu thu c. Cc k thut v phng php khc
c trnh by trong ti NCKH Cp B GD&T, M s: B2008-DN02-38, nm 20082009 [28].
Trong nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi tp trung nghin cu v vic chn on h hng
trong truyn ng bnh rng bng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v php bin i
Hilbert, thng qua phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh.
1.5.
Tnh hnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc
Hin nay, vic nghin cu tn hiu dao ng/m thanh sinh ra t h truyn ng bnh
rng, nhm tm kim cc k thut v phng php cho php chn on h hng nhanh chng
v chnh xc, vn ang l mt ti c nhiu tc gi trong v ngoi nc theo ui. N
i hi s hiu bit su sc v ng lc hc my cng nh cu trc h truyn ng bnh
rng, cc dng khuyt tt, cc tc ng ca ti trng, iu kin lm vic... n cu trc ph
ca tn hiu dao ng/m thanh nhn c.
Cc nghin cu v chn on h hng trong truyn ng bnh rng bng phng php
phn tch tn hiu dao ng, ch yu c thc hin theo hai hng sau y: nghin cu m
hnh ha tn hiu dao ng sinh ra do cc h hng trong h truyn ng bnh rng, t xy
dng cc du hiu nhn dng h hng; nghin cu cc phng php phn tch tn hiu cho
php pht hin v nhn dng h hng mt cch nhanh chng v c tin cy cao.
Nguyn Vn Khang, Thi Mnh Cu, Nguyn Phong in (2004) [39] a ra m hnh
dao ng tham s ca mt cp bnh rng n khp, m phng cng n khp, sai s truyn
ng v ph tn s ca tn hiu, gii thch s hnh thnh cc di bn xung quanh tn s n
khp. Fakher Chaari v cng s [14] xut m hnh m phng hnh vi ng lc hc ca
cp bnh rng, m phng cng n khp, m phng s hnh thnh cc di bn xung quanh
10
tn s n khp khi c khuyt tt nh x v phn b, s dng c ph tn s v ph loga nhm

xy dng mt s du hiu nhn dng khuyt tt trn rng.
Tn hiu dao ng sinh ra t hp tc c s dng bnh rng b khuyt tt rt phc tp ,
bao gm tn s iu bin c trng cho khuyt tt trn bnh rng v cc thnh phn tn s
khc do s quay ca ln, trc, tc ng ca nhiu [44]. Trong cc phng php x l tn
hiu, gii iu bin l mt gii php quan trng trong vic pht hin khuyt tt ca hp tc
s dng b truyn bnh rng. V cc tn s iu bin c gy ra bi phn ln cc khuyt
tt ca cc b phn ca my bao gm: bnh rng, gi , v trc nn vic pht hin tn
hiu iu bin rt c ch pht hin khuyt tt ca hp tc [52].
Vic pht hin tn hiu iu bin theo phng php truyn thng c thc hin thng
qua vic nhn dng cc di bn trong min tn s, xung quanh tn s n khp [1]. M.
Sihamed [34] a ra mt m hnh n gin cho tn hiu dao ng nhn c t bnh rng,
tn hiu mang c tn s l tn s quay ca trc, cc tn hiu iu bin v bin v pha th
hin cc khuyt tt nh trc r, vt nt, khe h n khp... R. Keith Mobley [26] m t mt s
du hiu thc nghim nhm nhn dng cc khuyt tt nh vt nt trn rng hay gy rng, s
mi mn qu mc, khe h n khp qu mc, khong cch trc b thay i... thng qua vic
nghin cu cc di bn iu bin trong min tn s. Olivier Cousinard v cng s [40] s
dng ph loga trong chn on h hng truyn ng bnh rng, xut mt phng php
tham s ha php o ph loga, nhm xc nh di tn s ln nht nhn c ph loga c
phn gii ti u nhng lun lun gi li hai hi loga u tin.
Khi mt tn hiu nhn c l khng n nh th vic phn tch ph Fourier khng thch
hp i vi vic pht hin cc di bn [24]. Php bin i Hilbert c nhiu tc gi
[16][1] khng nh l c ch i vi vic gii iu bin. Tuy nhin, do nh hng ca nhiu,
ng thi khi khuyt tt mi xut hin, cc du hiu khuyt tt l khng r rng, bin dao
ng ca cc thnh phn tn s n t cc b phn khc c th ln hn rt nhiu so vi bin
ca ph c trng cho khuyt tt. V th, bn thn php bin i Hibert khng th pht
hin c cc khuyt tt sm c che du trong tn hiu c nhiu thnh phn tn s phc
tp.
Vic phn tch tn hiu trong min tn s - thi gian mang n phng php khc phn
tch tn hiu bi vic biu din thng tin trong min tn s - thi gian mt cch ng thi.
11
Php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn c l c s dng rng ri nht biu din tn hiu
trong min tn s - thi gian.
Hin nay cc nh nghin cu tp trung vo vic s dng cc phng php mi cho php
chn on h hng nhanh chng v chnh xc hn, c bit l cc phng php c hiu qu
i vi cc tn hiu dao ng m tn s thay i theo thi gian , cc tn hiu khng dng:
phn tch Wavelet [49][48], php bin i Wavelet lin tc [55], phng php kt hp u
im ca php bin i Hilbert vi phn tch Wavelet Packet [52], mng nrn nhn to v
thut ton di truyn [32], [45].
Nguyn Tin Khim (Vin C hc 2008), Nguyn Qu Hn, Nguyn Th Hin Lng
(Trng i hc Bch khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh 2010) nghin cu ng dng Wavelet
v thut ton di truyn nhm chn on vt nt trong dm n hi.
Lu Thanh Tng (2009) [32] nghin cu ng dng mng nrn khng gim st vo vic
chn on h hng b truyn bnh rng mt cp vi hai dng hng c bn l mn rng v
gy rng; cc gi tr thng k ca tn hiu thu nhn c , s c a vo mng nrn khng
gim st nhm hun luyn cho mng nrn ny.
H. Zheng, Z. Li v X. Chen [55] nghin cu chn on h hng thit b da trn php
bin i Wavelet lin tc. Bi bo gii thiu mt phng php phn tch h hng trong b
truyn bnh rng bng bin i Wavelet lin tc. tc gi nhn mnh rng phng php
ny c t l phn gii tt hn so vi bin i Wavelet trc giao. iu ny ph hp hn trong
phn tch cc thng tin hng hc c kh. Tc gi cng a ra khi nim thi gian trung bnh
ph Wavelet da trn bin i Wavelet lin tc Morlet nhm s dng trong hai phng php:
so snh ph v nng lng c trng phn tch tn hiu nhn c t hp s t 5 cp.
Kt qu phn tch thc nghim cho thy cc tn hiu h hng trong b truyn bnh rng c
nhn bit nh vo ph nng lng Wavelet v thi gian trung bnh ph Wavelet.
Hin nay, nhiu tc gi trn th gii bt u nghin cu x l tn hiu m thanh phc v
cho chn on h hng. N. Baydar and A. Ball, (2003), [6] gii thiu mt phng php chn
on tnh trng h hng trong b truyn bnh rng bng phn tch dao ng v m thanh thu
c t thit b. Tc gi s dng bin i Wavelet trong phn tch tn hiu thu c t hp s
bnh rng nghing hai cp vi hai dng h hng c m phng: gy rng v nt chn
rng. Tc gi nhn xt rng nh u im v kch thc cc ca s trong php bin i
Wavelet m qu trnh phn tch v x l tn hiu hiu qu v nhanh hn so vi k thut phn
12
tch thi gian tn s thng thng. Kt qu cho thy rng c tn hiu m thanh v dao ng
u cung cp thng ng tin cy trong vic chn on h hng trong b truyn bnh rng.
Tuy nhin, tn hiu dao ng vn c u th hn trong vic pht hin sm cc h hng.
Xianfeng Fan, Ming J. Zuo [52] gii thiu mt phng php chn on h hng trong
hp tc bng cch kt hp gia bin i Hilbert v bin i Wavelet Packet. Tc gi cho
rng vi tn hiu iu bin khng n nh, th bin i Hilbert c dng phn tch tn
hiu hnh bao. Tn hiu hnh bao khng n nh ny, sau c phn tch bi bin i
Wavelet Packet, v bin i Wavelet Packet l mt cng c c u th trong vic phn tch tn
hiu khng n nh. Vic kt hp hai phng php Wavelet Packet v Hilbert c nhiu u
im hn nu ch dng phng php Wavelet Packet, nh chnh xc, hiu qu v trc quan.
Tc gi cng s dng phng php xut phn tch tn hiu thu c t hp tc ,
kim nghim tnh hiu qu ca phng php.
1.6.
Nhn xt v kt lun
Qua vic tng quan ti liu v tm hiu chng trn, chng ti nhn thy: i vi tn
hiu dao ng v m thanh thu c t cc h truyn ng bnh rng b h hng rt phc
tp, bao gm nhiu tn s iu bin c trng cho cc khuyt tt v cc thnh phn tn s
khc n t h hng do ln, trc quay, cng nh i vi tn hiu khng dng, c tn s
thay i theo thi gian, th phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet, phng php Wavelet
Packet kt hp vi php bin i Hilbert c nhiu kh nng ng dng trong pht hin v chn
on h hng, cho php nhn dng chnh xc, trc quan cc tn s c trng cho h hng.
Cc nghin cu bc u ca cc tc gi cng cho thy, bn cnh vic phn tch tn hiu dao
ng, vic phn tch tn hiu m thanh pht ra t cc h hng trong h truyn ng bnh rng
cng cho php nhn dng c h hng; ng thi trong mt s trng hp, vic thu nhn
tn hiu m thanh t ra n gin nhiu. Nhng vn va nu cng chnh l mc tiu ch
yu ca ti nghin cu ny.
13
CHNG 2
C S L THUYT CA CC PHNG PHP
WAVELET, WAVELET PACKET V HILBERT
Nh trnh by trong chng 1, c nhiu phng php phn tch tn hiu dao ng khc
nhau nh: phng php Kurotsis, phn tch ph, phn tch ph loga (cepstrum), phng php
phn tch hnh bao, phn tch Wavelet, phn tch Wavelet Packet,...
Phn ny s gii thiu c s l thuyt v x l tn hiu dao ng v m thanh, s dng
cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v php bin i Hilbert. Trn c s , chng ti
tin hnh xy dng phn mm x l tn hiu v s dng vo vic pht hin v nhn dng h
hng trong truyn ng bnh rng.
2.1.
Phn tch Wavelet
Phng php phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh bng php bin i Wavelet [12]
hin nay ngy cng c p dng nhiu trong thc t. Bin i Wavelet c hnh thnh
nhm gii quyt mt s hn ch ca bin i Fourier.
2.1.1. Bin i Fourier

@ Bin i Fourier dng phn tch mt tn hiu thnh cc thnh phn hnh sin ca cc
tn s khc nhau. Hay ni cch khc, bin i Fourier l mt k thut ton hc dng chuyn
i s quan st tn hiu t min thi gian sang min tn s ( Fig 2. 1).
Fig 2. 1: Bin i Fourier

i vi mt s tn hiu m tn s l yu t quan trng th bin i Fourier l rt cn thit.
Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp, bin i Fourier b hn ch v khi chuyn sang min tn
s th thng tin v thi gian s b mt i. V vy, khi quan st mt tn hiu c phn tch
bng Fourier th khng th bit cc tn s xy ra cc thi im n o.
14
khc phc nhng hn ch ca php bin i Fourier (Fourier Transformation FT)

trong vic biu din tn hiu khng dng, ngi ta phn chia tn hiu thnh cc khong nh
v trong khong tn hiu c gi nh l ch dng. thc hin k thut ny, cn
chn mt hm ca s W sao cho di ca ca s ng bng cc khong tn hiu phn chia.
Hng tip cn ny hnh thnh mt php bin i mi biu din tn hiu trong min tn
s-thi gian. l php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn (Short Time Fourier Transform STFT). Php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn cng l s m rng ca php bin i Gabor,
cho php s dng cc hm ca s thng dng khc nh: ca s Hanning, ca s ch nht,
ca s tam gic, ca s Hamming, ca s Blackman... trong vic biu din tn hiu .
Fig 2. 2: Bin i Fourier thi gian ngn

Fig 2. 2 biu din bin i Fourier thi gian ngn, n cung cp c hai thng tin: k hi no
v ti nhng tn s no s kin ca tn hiu xy ra.
@ Vi php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn, chng ta c th thu c p ng tn s thi gian ca tn hiu ng thi, m vi php bin i Fourier ta khng th thc hin c.
Phng trnh biu din ca php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn :
STFT ( , f ) [ x (t ).w(t )].e j .2ft .dt
(2. 1)
Trong t l thi gian, f l tn s, x(t) l tn hiu trong min thi gian, STFT(,f) l bin
i Fourier thi gian ngn ca tn hiu x(t), c tnh ton ti thi gian trung tm ca ca s
t = , w(t ) l hm ca s nh x ti thi gian trung tm t = .
Vi php bin i Fourier, vic biu din tn hiu khng gp vn v phn gii tn
s, v chng ta bit chnh xc tn s no tn ti. Tng t, khng c vn v phn gii
thi gian trong min thi gian, v chng ta c th bit gi tr chnh xc ca tn hiu ti mt
thi im bt k. Trong php bin i Fourier, chng ta c phn gii tn s hon ho, v
n s dng hm c s iu ha, ejt, c thi gian v hn.
15
Vi php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn, c c thng tin v thi gian v tn s,
chng ta s dng hm ca s c chiu di hu hn, nn n ch bao ph mt phn ca tn
hiu. y chnh l nguyn nhn dn n phn gii tn s ca phng php km hn .
Theo nguyn l bt nh Heisenberg: Khng th bit c chnh xc biu din thi giantn s ca mt tn hiu (hay khng th bit cc thnh phn ph ca tn hiu mt thi
im nht nh). iu ny cng c ngha l chng ta khng cn bit chnh xc thnh phn
tn s no tn ti trong tn hiu, m ch bit thng tin v s hin din ca c mt di tn s
trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. y c gi l bi ton v phn gii. Vn
ny lin quan n rng ca hm ca s m chng ta s dng. Nu hm ca s cng
hp th phn gii thi gian cng tt hn v gi nh tn hiu l dng cng c chnh
xc nhng phn gii tn s li km i. Ta c cc h qu sau:
Ca s hp phn gii thi gian tt, phn gii tn s km
Ca s rng phn gii tn s tt, phn gii thi gian km
Nu chng ta s dng ca s c rng ln tng phn gii tn s, th s nh mt
thng tin v thi gian. Hn na, c th gi s tn hiu l ch dng, th rng ca s
phi ngn. Do , cng nh php bin i Gabor, chng ta khng th c c phn
gii tt v thi gian v tn s mt cch ng thi trong php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn .
2.1.2. Bin i Wavelet

@ Trn c s cch tip cn ca php bin i Fourier thi gian ngn, php bin i
Wavelet c pht trin gii quyt vn v phn gii tn hiu (min thi gian hoc
tn s) m STFT vn cn hn ch. Php bin i Wavelet c thc hin theo cch: tn hiu
c nhn vi hm Wavelet (tng t nh nhn vi hm ca s trong STFT), ri thc hin
bin i ring r cho cc khong tn hiu khc nhau trong min thi gian ti cc tn s khc
nhau.
Khng ging nh bin i Fourier, ch thch hp khi phn tch nhng tn hiu dng
(stationary), php bin i Wavelet ch yu c s dng phn tch cc tn hiu khng
dng (non-stationary) - l nhng tn hiu c p ng tn s thay i theo thi gian.
Wavelet l mt hm L2 R vi tr trung bnh bng 0:
t dt 0
(2. 2)
16
N c chun ha 1 , v c tp trung trong vng ln cn ca t=0. Nu c

gin (t l) vi s v dch chuyn vi u, ta nhn c mt h cc Wavelet:
u ,s t
1 t u
.
s s
(2. 3)
Cc Wavelet ny vn c chun ha u ,s 1 . Bin i Wavelet ca f L2 R ti thi

gian u v t l s:
Wf u, s f , u ,s
f t
1 * t u

dt
s
s
(2. 4)
So snh cc Wavelet vi cc sng sin trn c s phn tch Fourier: Tn hiu sin khng c
khong thi gian gii hn, chng ko di t m n cng v cc. V cc tn hiu sin l
u v c th bit trc, trong khi cc Wavelet khng u v bt i xng Fig 2. 3.
Fig 2. 3: Sng sin v Wavelet

Nh vy, phn tch Fourier chia mt tn hiu thnh cc sng sin c tn s khc nhau. Mt
cch tng t, bin i Wavelet chia mt tn hiu thnh cc dng dch chuyn v t l ca
mt tn hiu gc hay Wavelet m.
2.1.2.1. Bin i Wavelet lin tc

@ V mt ton hc, qu trnh phn tch Fourier c biu din bi bin i Fourier:
f t e
j t
dt
(2. 5)
Cc kt qu ca bin i l cc h s Fourier F , m khi nhn vi mt tn hiu sin tn

s thu c cc phn t sin ca tn hiu gc.
Fig 2. 4: Biu din bin i Fourier

17
@ Mt cch tng t, bin i Wavelet lin tc c nh ngha nh tng trn ton thi
gian ca tn hiu nhn vi t l, dch chuyn ca h m Wavelet :
C scale, position
f t scale, position, t dt
(2. 6)
Cc kt qu ca bin i Wavelet lin tc l cc h s Wavelet C, l mt hm ca t l v

v tr. Nhn mi h s vi t l thch hp v dch Wavelet thu c cc phn t Wavelet ca
tn hiu gc (Fig 2. 5).
Fig 2. 5: Biu din bin i Wavelet
2.1.2.2. Bin i Wavelet ri rc

Vic tnh cc h s Wavelet ti mi t l mt kh nhiu thi gian v to ra mt d liu kh
ln. gii quyt vn th mu cc tham s c ly, thu c mt nhm ca cc hm
Wavelet theo cc tham s c ri rc ha.
Vic phn tch tn hiu vi php bin i Wavelet ri rc c nhc im l phn gii
ca tn s km hn trong vng tn s cao c th khng c gii quyt v ti mi cp t l
ch c cc h s xp x c phn tch. Do , php bin i Wavelet Packet, mt s suy
rng ca php bin i Wavelet ri rc, c hnh thnh da trn vic lin kt tuyn tnh ca
h hm Wavelet.
2.2.
Phn tch Wavelet Packet
Khc vi bin i Wavelet ri rc, ti mi cp t l, cc h s chi tit D (detail) v h

s xp x A (Approximation) u c phn tch bi bin i Wavelet Packet. Do n phn
tch tn hiu thnh cc thnh phn vi cc di tn s khc nhau v cho php nh x tn s thi gian tt hn so vi bin i Wavelet nn giu thng tin hn trong vic biu din tn hiu .
Tuy nhin, vi mt vi tn hiu, nng lng c tp trung tn s trung. Trong trng
hp ny, chng ta c th tch tt c cc di v c gi l phn ly Wavelet Packet (Wavelet
Packet decomposition). Bng cch phn ly Wavelet Packet, n thu c mt th vin ca cc
18
Wavelet Packet Wn n 0 hay l mt cy Wavelet Packet (Wavelet Packet tree). Cho mt hm

W0 , th vin Wavelet Packet c th c to ra nh sau:
W2 n x 2 hk Wn 2 x k
(2. 7)
W2 n 1 x 2 g k Wn 2 x k
(2. 8)
Trong hm W0 x nh hm t l v nh hm Wavelet m . Khi , th vin ca

Wavelet c s c th c nh ngha l tp hp ca cc c s trc chun gm cc hm ca
dng Wn 2 l x k , trong l , k Z ; n N . Mi phn t ca th vin c xc nh bi mt
tp hp con ca cc ch s: tham s t l l , tham s a phng k , v tham s dao ng n .
Phng php Wavelet Packet l mt trng hp tng qut ca phn ly Wavelet, n a ra
phm vi rng ca kh nng phn tch tn hiu. Fig 2. 6: S phn tch tn hiu ca php
bin i Wavelet Packet l mt v d minh ha ca bin i Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu X.
tn hiu c phn tch thnh cc di tn hiu c tn s khc nhau.
Fig 2. 6: S phn tch tn hiu ca php bin i Wavelet Packet
19
Bin i Wavelet Packet l cng c c nhiu u im cho vic phn tch tn hiu khng
dng. N phn chia khng gian tn s thnh cc vng khc nhau v cho php phn tch tn
hiu cc b trong min tn s thi gian tt hn. Bin i Wavelet Packet cho phn gii
tn s cao hn vng tn s cao so vi bin i Wavelet.
2.3.
Phn tch Hilbert
Php bin i Hilbert [19] l mt tch chp trong min thi gian, nh x m t qu trnh c
gi tr thc trong min thi gian thnh mt qu trnh khc . N c nh ngha bi:
H [ x (t )]
x (t )
.d
t
1
(2. 9)
Trong : t l thi gian, x(t) l mt tn hiu trong min thi gian, v H[x(t)] l bin i
Hilbert ca x(t).
Ngi ta cng chng minh c rng: H sin t cos t
(2. 10)
Hay: H cos t sin t
(2. 11)
Do , php bin i Hilbert thc cht l mt b dch chuyn pha 90o c lp vi tn s.

Cc c tnh tn s ca tn hiu iu bin l khng chu tc ng bi phng php ny ti tt
c mi tn s. Hm iu bin a(t) trong tn hiu iu bin kt hp x t a t . cos t c
th c tch bi php bin i Hilbert. Vic gii iu bin c thc hin bi php bin i
Hilbert s to thnh mt tn hiu c gi tr phc trong min thi gian c gi l tn hiu gii
tch, A[x(t)], c nh ngha bi:
A[ x(t )] x(t ) i.H [ x(t )] a (t ).[cos(t ) i. sin(t )] a (t ).e i ( t ) (2. 12)

Vi i 1 l s o
Kt qu l tn hiu biu din trong min thi gian phc c th c chuyn i t dng
phn thc/phn o thnh dng bin /pha c cho di y:
a (t ) x 2 (t ) H 2 [ x (t )]
(t ) arctan
H [ x(t )]
x(t )
(2. 13)
(2. 14)
20
Fig 2. 7: ng dng php bin i Hilbert xy dng tn hiu hnh bao

Bin ca chui thi gian phc c biu din bi (2. 13) chnh l hnh bao ca tn hiu
iu bin mang thng tin quan trng v tn s iu bin c trng cho khuyt tt trong bnh
rng. Ngoi ra, n cn loi b cc tn hiu mang v iu ny s lm gim s nh hng ca
nhng thng tin khng lin quan i vi mc ch pht hin khuyt tt hp tc v hu ch
cho vic nhn dng khuyt tt thng qua vic kim chng trc quan.
Nh vy, nu ta biu din bin a(t) ca tn hiu gii tch trong min thi gian , ta s c
c ng cong th hin s thay i bin ca x(t), ni cch khc, c c ng cong
bao hnh ca x(t).
Bin i Hilbert (HT) c chng minh l hu ch cho gii iu bin. Gii iu bin l
qu trnh khi phc li cc tn hiu iu chnh c trn vi mt tn hiu mang. Tn hiu
mang l tn hiu m chng ta khng cn quan tm lm, m ch yu quan n tn s iu
bin, c trng cho h hng.
2.4.
Phn tch phi hp gia Wavelet Packet v Hilbert
Mt phng php s dng c a ra l kt hp bin i Wavelet Packet v bin i

Hilbert [52] pht hin hiu qu tn s h hng ca tn hiu dao ng v m thanh nhiu
thnh phn phc tp, dng hoc khng dng, gm t rt nhiu thnh phn tn s, thng qua
vic kim tra trc quan vi phn gii vng tn s tt hn. Lu thut ton ca
phng php ny c m t trn Fig 2. 8.
Nu xt tn hiu thu nhn t hp tc , th hai du hiu quan trng c th nhn dng
chnh xc v tr ca khuyt tt ca bnh rng l tn s n khp (hi iu ha) v tn s iu
bin. Lc , trnh t x l tn hiu c th tin h nh theo hai bc sau:
21
Bc 1: Tin hnh phn tch ph mt cng sut ca tn hiu nghin cu xem trong
tn hiu dao ng thu c c nhng thnh phn tn s no v nhn dng cc hi iu ha.
Sau tin hnh phn tch su hn tm ra tn s ca tn hiu iu bin. Bc phn tch
ny l cn thit c th nhn dng chnh xc c v tr ca khuyt tt. Bi v nu hai bnh
rng cng lp trn mt trc th khi tm ra tn s ca tn hiu iu bin ta ch kt lun c
bnh rng gn trn trc b khuyt tt nhng khng th kt lun l bnh rng no b hng.
Vic nhn dng khuyt tt ch r rng khi ta bit c tn hiu no b iu bin thng qua tn
s n khp c trng cho bnh rng.
Bc 2: T hnh bao nhn c t bin i Hilbert, biu din s tn ti ca vic iu bin
trong tn hiu dao ng. y, bin i Hilbert loi b cc tn hiu mang, l yu t khng
cn thit, trong khi ch gi li tn hiu iu bin, thng phn nh khuyt tt bnh rng. Tn
hiu hnh bao sau c th c phn tch thnh cc thnh phn trong cc di tn s khc
nhau bi php bin i Wavelet Packet. Sau s dng php phn tch ph mt cng sut
xc nh v nhn dng cc thnh phn tn s c trng cho khuyt tt .
22
Bt u
Ti tn hiu dao ng gc
x(t)
Tin x l tn hiu x(t), v nhn mt i din tn hiu

mi nh {P01 k | k 1, 2,..., N }
t P01 k
P k
1
0
H 2 P01 k
Phn tch WP ca { P01 k } ti mc J max

H s ca nt (J max, m) (m=1,2,...,2 jmax) s c sp
xp li ln na
Tnh s hao ht h s phn tch WP da tr n ngng
2 log(n)
Thit lp cc h s ca tt c cc tp hp khc ti
mc Jmax v zero, tr tp hp ti nt
(Jmax,m)(m=1,2,...,2 jmax)
Phc hi tn hiu
P k | m 1, 2,..., 2 c
1
0
jmax
cha thnh phn tn s nm trong khong thi gian

m 1 Fs / 2 jmax 1 , mFs / 2 jmax 1
Rt ra c im li
Kt thc
Fig 2. 8: Lu thut ton phng php Wavelet Packet Hilbert [52]
23
CHNG 3
M HNH THC NGHIM THU NHN V X L
TN HIU
3.1.
S nguyn l h thng theo di v chn on tnh trng thit b
Cu trc chung ca mt h thng theo di v chn on tnh trng thit b c trnh by

trn Fig 3. 1 [37].
Fig 3. 1: M hnh h thng theo di v chn on tnh trng thit b

y l m hnh nguyn l tng i tng qut i vi mt h thng theo di v chn
on tnh trng thit b. Ty theo tng nh my c th, ty mc p dng m cc thit b
trong h thng cng nh s kt ni gia cc b phn trong h thng mc hon thin khc
nhau.
Chc nng ca cc thit b trong h thng theo d i v chn on tnh trng thit b:
Thit b trong dy chuyn sn xut: Thit b cn c theo di v chn on h hng.
Cc u o tn hiu (cm bin): Thu nhn cc yu t bt thng, trn my thng
dng gia tc k, vn tc k, u o dch chuyn hoc micro.
B phn thu nhn v x l tn hiu: Ngoi nhim v thu tn hiu t cc u o, b
phn thu nhn tn hiu (my o) cn c cc b lc loi b thnh phn tn s rt
thp v rt cao.
B phn phn tch tn hiu: Sau khi c cc gi tr dao ng o c trn cc my o,
c th nh gi s b c tnh trng ca thit b da trn s bin i ca gi tr dao
ng qua tng thi im o. Nu cc gi tr bin dao ng tng dn theo thi gian,
c th kt lun rng trong my bt u xut hin cc h hng.
24
B phn theo di chn on tnh trng thit b: Tng hp cc kt qu o v phn tch

dao ng hoc m thanh thu c nhm xc nh tnh trng chung ca cc thit b, xc
nh kp thi cc h hng xut hin trong cc thit b v a ra cc thng bo cn thit
cho cc khi qun l bo dng ln k hoch bo dng, sa cha.
3.2.
M hnh thit b thu nhn, phn tch tn hiu m thanh v dao ng
thu nhn v x l tn hiu dao ng v m thanh nhm phn tch, pht hin v chn
on h hng trong b truyn bnh rng, chng ti tin hnh xy dng m hnh thc nghim
nh sau (Fig 3. 2).
Fig 3. 2: S thit b thu nhn tn hiu m thanh v dao ng

M hnh thit b thu nhn, phn tch tn hiu m thanh/dao ng gm cc phn t nh
sau:
-
ng c in
Hp gim tc s dng truyn ng bnh rng (mt cp v hai cp)
Cm bin gia tc k: thu nhn tn hiu dao ng.
Micro: thit b thu nhn m thanh.
B tip nhn v chuyn i tn hiu: cDAQ9172 v NI9233.
My tnh cng vi cc phn mm thu nhn tn hiu Labview, phn mm Matlab
My pht: m phng ti trng thc t, ni vi hp gim tc qua b truyn ai

25
3.3.
Thit b v phn mm thu nhn v x l tn hiu
3.3.1. Thit b NI compact DAQ 9172

3.3.1.1. Gii thiu
NI cDAQ-9172 l mt thit b dng kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB vi phn mm
LabVIEW, c 8 khe cm c thit k kt ni vi cc module C series. NI cDAQ -9172 c
kh nng o lng trong phm vi rng mt lot cc tn hiu vo, ra tng t v s v cm
bin (Fig 3. 3 v Fig 3.4).
Fig 3. 3: NI cDAQ-9172
Fig 3. 4: Cu to ca NI cDAQ-9172
3.3.1.2. Chc nng

NI cDAQ-9172 bao gm hai b counter/timers 32-bit c th c s dng tnh cnh,
o rng xung, o lng thi gian v tn s, v thc hin cc php o v tr (m ha).
Ngoi ra, truy cp counter/timers c th to ra cc xung v sng vung c th iu chnh tn
s.
3.3.1.3. Mun c h tr
C hn 50 modules C series cho cc phng php o khc nhau, bao gm: cp nhit ,
in p, pht hin nhit , in tr (RTD), dng in, bin dng, k thut s, gia tc v
micro. Cc knh tnh trn phm vi tng module th c t 3 n 32 knh ph hp vi mt
lot cc yu cu ca h thng.
3.3.1.4. Phn mm h tr
Hu ht cc phn mm ca NI u thch hp vi cc thit b ca n. Vi NI DAQ driver
softwave th c th dng cc phn mm sau:
-
NI Measurement Automation Explorer
DAQ Assistant
LabVIEW SignalExpress LE Data-Logging Software

26
Ngn ng h tr l LABVIEW graphical programming, ANSi C++,
3.3.2. Thit b NI 9233
Fig 3. 5: NI 9233
Fig 3. 6: u kt ni ca NI 9233
NI 9233 l mt module 4 knh thu tn hiu nng ng, to chnh xc cao cho vic o
tn s m thanh t cm bin IEPE vi h thng NI compactDAQ. NI 9233 cung cp 102dB
cho mc nng ng v tch hp cc iu kin tn hiu trong IEPE cho cm bin gia tc v
microphone. Bn knh u vo ng thi s ha mc 2-50kHz trn mi knh, v tch hp
b lc kh nhiu rng ca t ng iu chnh tc ly mu (Fig 3.5 v Fig 3.6).
3.3.3. Cm bin s dng trong thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh

3.3.3.1. Cm bin quang
Cm bin quang thng c s dng pht hin ca vt th. Da vo nguyn l
ny m cm bin quang c s dng o tc ca cc thit b, my mc c chuyn ng
quay. Khi o, trn vt quay c dn mt vch phn quang (mu trng), tc ca vt quay
c cm bin m da trn s ln xut hin ca vch ny. Thng thng cm bin quang o
tc quay gm c hai phn: phn thu nhn tn hiu, v si quang dng thu v nhn nh
sng phn quang qua vch trng dn trn vt quay.
Cm bin Omron E3XR-CE4 v si quang c s dng o tc ca hp gim tc
trong ti nh Fig 3. 7.
27
Fig 3. 7: Phn thu nhn tn hiu (Omron E3XR-CE4) v si quang
3.3.3.2. Cm bin dao ng

Cm bin dao ng c s dng o dao ng pht ra t hp gim tc. C th s dng
nhiu loi cm bin khc nhau: cm bin o dch chuyn, cm bin vn tc hoc cm bin
gia tc. y chng ti s dng cm bin gia tc k do dao ng.
Gia tc k c s dng trong ti l gia tc k ICP 603C11 ca Hng PCB
PIEZOTRONICS. Gia tc k ICP 603C11 thuc loi cm bin p in, trong s dng cc
nhn t cm bin p in chuyn i hay bin cc thng s c hc thnh cc tn hiu in.
Cc thng s c hc c th l lc, p sut hay dao ng.
Fig 3. 8: Cm bin gia tc k ICP 603C11

Mt h thng cm bin in hnh s dng gia tc k ICP, thng thng gm hai dy dn
v mt ngun cp in, nh trn Fig 3. 8. Cm bin ny c cc thng s k thut nh sau:
28
nhy: (10%) 100mV/g (10,2mV/(m/s2)); Di tn s: (3dB) 30 n 600.000 cpm (0,5 n

10.000 Hz); Di o: 50 g (490 m/s2); in p cung cp: 18 n 28 VDC, 2 n 20 mA.
3.3.3.3. Micro
Micro l thit b chuyn i nng lng sng m thnh tn hiu in. Cu to ca micro
gm mt mng rung cc mng c gn vi mt cun dy ng rt mnh, cun dy c t
vo mt khe t trng ca mt khi nam chm. Khi nhn sng m thanh t bn ngoi, mng
rung s dao ng theo p tn ca m thanh v cun dy ng cng dao ng theo, s dao
ng cun dy ng khi nm trong mt khe t tr ng s to ra mt dng in xoay chiu a
ra hai u dy dn. Trong ti s dng hai loi micro: loi thng th ng (Fig 3. 9) v micro
kiu mng mng i cng thit b thu nhn m thanh (xem mc 3.3.4).
Fig 3. 9: Micro thng thng
3.3.4. Thit b thu nhn tn hiu m thanh

Thit b thu nhn tn hiu m thanh hiu ONO -SOKKI (Nht) bao gm:
3.3.4.1. Micro kiu mng mng
Fig 3. 10 : Microphone MI-1235

Micro i cng thit b ONO-SOKKI l micro dng mng mng model MI-1235, c cc
thng s k thut nh sau:
29
Di tn s lm vic
in p phn cc
nhy
Kiu cng hng
in dung
Mc p sut m ln
Mc nhiu bn trong
c tnh p lc tnh
Di nhit hot ng
Di m hot ng
c tnh nhit
dch chuyn theo thi gian
ng knh kt ni
Kch thc
Trng lng
10Hz-20Hz
0V
-293dB, phn gii 1V/Pa
trng t do
131pF
143dB
19dB hoc thp hn
-0,03 dB/kPa
-10 n 50 C
20 n 90% RH
+0,009 dB/K hoc thp hn
0,1 dB/nm hoc thp hn
inch
13,2x13,7 mm
6g
3.3.4.2. B tin khuch i

B tin khuch i dng nhn tn hiu t micro kiu mng mng ri chuyn n b
khuch i.
Fig 3. 11: B tin khuch i MI-3111

Thng s k thut b tin khuch i MI-3111:
Di tn s lm vic
li
Tr khng u vo
Nhiu bn trong
mo
Di nhit hot ng
Di m hot ng
in p xut ln nht
Ngun cung cp
Kch thc
Trng lng
10Hz-20Hz
-2dB 1dB ti 1kHz
Xp x 5G
22,3 Vrms hoc thp hn
1% hoc thp hn
-10 n 50 C
30 n 90% RH
3 Vrms
0,5 n 5 mA/ 15 n 25V
12,7x61 mm
30g
3.3.4.3. B khuch i
B khuch i SR-2200 dng nhn tn hiu b tin khuch i, c cc thng s k
thut:
30
Di tn s lm vic
Trng s tn s
li
Tn s ct u ra
Nhiu bn trong u vo
Tr khng u vo
Kt ni u vo, u ra
Tr khng u ra
Di nhit hot ng
Di m hot ng
Di in p u vo
Di in p u ra
Ngun cung cp
Chiu di cp u ra
Kch thc
Trng lng
1Hz-20Hz (0,5dB)
A, C, FLAT
-10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 dB
(c th la chn 8 tn theo 10 dB 0,2dB)
0,2 Hz vi tr khng ti 100 k, 0,4 Hz vi tr khng ti 50 k
-105 dBVrms hoc thp hn (A); -100 dBVrms hoc thp hn
(C); 95 dBVrms hoc thp hn (FLAT)
1 M0,5%
BNC
100 k
-10 n 50 C
30 n 90% RH
12,5 dBVrms max (6V)
12,6 dBVrms max (6V)
0,5 A max/ 5V
Ti a 30 m
140 x 40 x 125 mm
500g
Fig 3. 12: B khuch i SR-2200
3.3.4.4. Cp kt ni
Cp kt ni vi u kt ni kiu BNC. Dng kt ni gia b tin khuch i vi b
khuch i v gia u ra ca b khuch i vi thit b NI 9233.
Fig 3. 13: Cp kt ni
3.3.5. Phn mm h tr
3.3.5.1. Phn mm thu nhn tn hiu
31
Phn mm c s dng trong thu nhn tn hiu l phn mm LabVIEW, l phn mm

km theo ca thit b NI cDAQ9172, gip kt ni thit b v giao tip vi my tnh, thc hin
vic lu tr d liu thu c mt cch trc quan v d dng.
3.3.5.2. Cng c ton hc Matlab

Matlab (Matrix Laboratory) l mt ngn ng lp trnh cp cao dng thng dch, c pht
trin bi MathWorks. Matlab c ng dng gii quyt cc bi ton khc nhau: cc h
phng trnh tuyn tnh, phi tuyn; cc bi ton ma trn vi kt qu nhanh chng v chnh
xc. Matlab l mt cng c mnh v p ng yu cu s dng ca nhiu lnh vc khc nhau
trong k thut: in, in t, x l tn hiu, vt l, ha hc, thng k, k ton...
3.4.
M hnh thc nghim
tin hnh thc nghim thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh, chng ti xy dng
m hnh thc nghim, nh trnh by trn Fig 3. 14.
Cc phn t ca m hnh thc nghim (Fig 3. 14): Phn mm kt ni my tnh v b
thu nhn tn hiu LabVIEW (1); Ti (2); ng c dn in ng (3) hp gim tc
mt cp hay 2 cp (4); microphone v b tin khuch i (5); B khuch i tn hiu
thu c t microphone v b tin khuch i (6); Thit b NI cDAQ-9172 v NI
9233 (7 v 8). Ngoi ra, cm bin dao ng kiu gia tc cng c lp trn hp gim
tc (Fig 3. 15) o dao ng.
Thng s ca ng c v hp gim tc mt cp: Tc ng c: 1420 (v/p); Bnh
rng nh - dn ng : 17 rng; Bnh rng ln b ng: 43 rng; Tn s n khp:
402,3Hz; Tn s trc vo: 23,7Hz; Tn s trc ra: 9,4Hz.
Thng s ca ng c v hp gim tc hai cp: Tc ng c: 1570 (v/p); Bnh
rng nh: Z1 = 17; Bnh rng ln: Z2 = 43; Tn s n khp cp nhanh: 443,7Hz; Tn
s n khp cp chm: 175,1 Hz; Tn s trc vo: 26,1Hz; Tn s trc trung gian: 10,3
Hz; Tn s trc ra: 4,07 Hz
32
Fig 3. 14: M hnh thu nhn tn hiu m thanh t HGT hai cp bnh rng
Cm bin dao ng
Fig 3. 15: Cm bin dao ng v micro dng thu tn hiu dao ng v m thanh (HGT
mt cp)
3.5.
Phng php thu nhn tn hiu
Phn mm Labview Signal Expres 2009 ci trn my tnh c dng lu li tn hiu nhn
c t cc thit b NI 9233 v NI cDAQ-9172. Cc thit b ny kt ni vi my tnh qua
cng USB. Cm bin dao ng hay micro c kt ni vi thit b NI 9233 bng cp c u
ni kiu BNC.
S thu nhn tn hiu c m t trn Fig 3. 16.
33
Hp gim
Micro/Cm
NI9233
LabView
My
tc 2 cp
bin gia tc
cDAQ9172
SE 2011
tnh
Fig 3. 16: S khi thu nhn tn hiu

Vic thu nhn tn hiu bng phn mm Labview c tin hnh theo cc bc sau y:
Bc 1: Chn Add Step (To bc)
Fig 3. 17: To bc
Fig 3. 18: Thu nhn tn hiu
Fig 3. 19: Chn knh
Bc 2: Chn Acquire Signal trong hp thoi Add Step Nhp DAQmx

Acquire Chn Analog Input.
thu tn hiu dao ng, chn Acceleration. thu nhn tn hiu m thanh, ta chn
Sound Pressure thay v Acceleration.
34
Bc 3: Trn hp thoi Add Channels to Task, chn knh tng ng vi knh

ni vi cm bin dao ng xut hin hp thoi nh trn Fig 3. 20 chn cc thng
s cho vic thu tn hiu.
Bc 4: Thit lp thng s theo yu cu tn hiu cn thu.
Fig 3. 20: Thit lp thng s ca tn hiu
Fig 3. 21: Thu tn hiu dao ng trn Labview

Chn nt Run cho thit b hot ng. Chn nt Record nu mun lu li tn hiu.
Chn nt Stop dng vic lu tn hiu .
Tn hiu thu c c th xut ra di dng file excel vi cc cp ly mu tn s c
chn. Fig 3. 21 m t m t mt mu tn hiu c thu nhn trn phn mm Labview.
3.6.
Phn mm x l tn hiu
35
3.6.1. Xy dng phn mm x l

Nh s tr gip ca cng c lp trnh Matlab v cc thut ton phn tch tn hiu c
trnh by chng 2, chng ti xy dng cc mun b sung cho phn mm phn tch tn
hiu do nhm nghin cu thc hin. Giao din chnh ca phn mm nh trn Fig 3. 22.
Phn mm gm nhiu ca s vi cc chc nng khc nhau. y chng ti ch gii thiu
phn x l tn hiu Wavelet - Wavelet Packet Hilbert. Nt lnh WAVELET cho php hin
th giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet. Tng t nt lnh WAVELET
PACKET v WAVELET PACKET HILBERT tng ng vi giao din x l tn hiu bng
phng php Wavelet Packet, Wavelet Packet kt hp vi php bin i Hilbert.
Fig 3. 22: Giao din phn mm x l tn hiu
3.6.2. Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet

Cc tnh nng trn giao din Wavelet Analysis nh sau:
36
Nt Load Data: Ti tn hiu t cc file tn hiu nhn c vi nh dng .xlsx, .xls

x l.
function loadfile_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global FileName;
[FileName] = uigetfile({'*.xlsx';'*.xls';'*.*'},'Select the Excel
file');
set(handles.display,'String',FileName);
Fig 3. 23: Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet

File name: ca s hin th tn file c ti v x l.
Data Length: cho php chn di tn hiu t file ti v.
Nt Plot x(t): cho php v th tn hiu theo thi gian x(t).
function pushbutton29_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
figure();
plot(handles.t,handles.x,'g');
title('Time History','fontname','Arial','fontsize',10);
xlabel('Times [s]', 'fontname','Arial','fontsize',10);
ylabel('Acceleration [m/s2]','fontname','Arial','fontsize',10);
maxt=max(handles.t);
maxx=max(handles.x);
mint=min(handles.t);
minx=min(handles.x);
axis([mint maxt minx maxx]);
grid on;
hold off;
Nt Scalogram: cho php chn v biu theo php bin i Wavelet lin tc: biu
mt nng lng ph tn hiu.
function scalogram_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
sf=1000; % sampling frequency
N=length(handles.x);
f = ( (0:(N-1))/N) * sf; % frequencies
37
factor = 5/(2*pi);
freq = [25:25:5000];
scale = factor * sf ./ freq;
wave = 'morl'; % the Wavelet to use
% make sure the string wave is set before executing the m-file
% compute the CWT plotting at the same time
figure;
handles.c=cwt(handles.x, scale, wave, 'plot');
title('scalogram');
guidata(hObject, handles);
Nt Scalogram 3D: cho php chn v biu 3D mt nng lng ph tn hiu sau
khi bin i Wavelet.
function scalogram3D_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
figure;
freq = [25:25:5000];
mesh(handles.t, freq, abs(handles.c));
[az,el]=view;
view(az-45,el);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('frequency');
title('3D scalogram');
Nt Wscalogram: cho php chn v biu phn trm nng lng ph ca cc h s

Wavelet sau khi bin i Wavelet.
function wscalogram_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
factor = 5/(2*pi);
freq = [25:25:3000];
sf = 10000;
% tan so lay mau
wave = 'morl'; % loai Wavelet dung
scale = factor * sf ./ freq;
figure;
coef=cwt(handles.x, scale, wave, 'plot');
title('scalogram');
figure;
s=wscalogram('contour',coef);
Nt Back: tr v giao din chnh ca phn mm.
3.6.3. Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet

Cc tnh nng trn giao din Wavelet Packet Analysis nh sau:
38
Fig 3. 24: Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet
Tng t, tn hiu c ti v t cc file c nh dng .xlsx, .xls x l bng nt
Load data, chn di tn hiu x l bng Data Lenght. Nt Plot cho php v biu
sau khi phn tch Wavelet Packet.
Ngoi ra trong giao din ny cn c thm mt s la chn nh :
Wname (Wavelet name) dng thit lp cc h hm Daubechies ca Wavelet, bao gm

cc hm : 'db1' or 'haar', 'db2', ... ,'db10', ... , 'db45'
Level dng thit lp mc phn tch ca php bin i Wavelet Packet.

View dng hin th cc biu di cc dng khc nhau: t 1 n 8. Thng thng
biu c xem dng s 5.
3.6.4. Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet - Hilbert
Tng t, tn hiu c ti v t cc file c nh dng .xlsx, .xls x l bng nt
Load data, chn di tn hiu x l bng Data lenght. Nt Plot cho php v biu
sau khi phn tch. Hn na, trong phng php x l tn hiu ny ta cn c la chn nh :
Reset dng khi phc li tn hiu sau phn tch Wavelet li.
Thr coefficient dng hin th h s khi phc ng ng Thr.
3.7.
M phng h hng trong b truyn bnh rng
thu nhn tn hiu v tm ra du hiu nhn dng cc dng hng c bn trong truyn
ng bnh rng, mt s dng hng nh: trc r b mt rng, gy rng (gy 20%, gy 40%),
mn rng c to.
39
Mt s dng hng c c tnh to ra bng cch nh: s dng my mi cm tay ct i

mt phn rng nhm to dng hng gy rng. Ty vo phn rng c ct i m c th c
dng hng 20% hay 40% tnh theo th tch rng (Fig 3. 26). Hoc dng hng trc r trn b
mt rng c to ra bng cch s dng mi khoan to l nh trn bnh rng (Fig 3. 27).
Fig 3. 25: Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet - Hilbert
thu nhn tn hiu v tm ra du hiu nhn dng cc dng hng c bn trong truyn
ng bnh rng, chng ti tin hnh m phng cc h hng trc r b mt rng, gy rng
(gy 20%, gy 40%), mn rng, ng thi cng m phng mt vt trc r trn vng ngoi
ln.
Fig 3. 26: M phng dng hng gy rng: (a)Rng gy 20%. (b) Rng gy 40%
40
Fig 3. 27: M phng dng hng trc r b mt rng
Fig 3. 28: M phng dng hng mn b mt rng

to cc bnh rng c dng h hng gy rng, chng ti c nh bnh rng cha hng
bng -t, sau s dng my mi cm tay mi vt mt rng 20% v 40% tnh theo th tch
rng (Fig 3. 26).
to bnh rng trc r, chng ti s dng mi t to l nh trn b mt bnh rng
nghin cu (Fig 3. 27).
m phng dng hng mn rng, chng ti tin hnh mi mt lp rt mng u khp
trn b mt rng ca bnh rng (Fig 3. 28).
Cc bnh rng vi cc dng hng khc nhau c lp li trn hp gim tc v chy thc
nghim thu nhn cc tn hiu dao ng, m thanh. Cc tn hiu n y sau c phn tch
v x l bng phn mm x l tn hiu vit bng ngn ng Matlab. Kt qu x l v phn
tch c bn lun nhm tm ra cc dng hng trong b truyn bnh rng chng tip theo.
41
CHNG 4
NHN DNG V CHN ON H HNG
Nhm nhn dng h hng v tm ra cc du hiu h hng trong h truyn ng bnh rng
bng cc phng php ni trn, chng ti tin hnh nhiu th nghim thu nhn tn hiu t hp
gim tc 1 cp v 2 cp c cc dng hng trc r, gy rng, mn rng,.. v tin hnh x l tn
hiu nhn c ln lt bng cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v php bin i
Hilbert.
4.1.
X l tn hiu dao ng thc nghim trn hp gim tc 1 cp
4.1.1. Thng s c trng ca hp gim tc bnh rng mt cp

Thng s ca ng c v hp gim tc (HGT) mt cp: Tc ng c: 1420 (v/p);
Bnh rng nh - dn ng: 17 rng; Bnh rng ln b ng: 43 rng; Tn s n khp:
402,3Hz; Tn s trc vo: 23,7Hz; Tn s trc ra: 9,4Hz.
4.1.2. Cc dng hng trong HGT v tn hiu thu nhn

i vi HGT mt cp, dng hng c to nn trn bnh b dn ca b truyn bnh rng.
Tn hiu dao ng thu c t cm bin gia tc c trnh by trn cc hnh Fig 4. 1, Fig
4. 2, Fig 4. 3, Fig 4. 4.
Fig 4. 1: Tn hiu dao ng x(t) ca rng cha hng
42
Fig 4. 2: Tn hiu dao ng x(t) ca rng b gy 20%
Fig 4. 3: Tn hiu dao ng x(t) ca rng b gy 40%
43
Fig 4. 4: Tn hiu dao ng x(t) ca rng b trc r

Sau khi thu tn hiu m thanh t m hnh, chng ti nhn c cc th tn hiu nh
trn cc hnh Fig 4. 5, Fig 4. 6, Fig 4. 7.
Fig 4. 5: Tn hiu m thanh x(t) ca rng cha hng.
44
Fig 4. 6: Tn hiu m thanh x(t) ca rng gy 20%
Fig 4. 7: Tn hiu m thanh x(t) ca rng gy 40%
4.1.3. Phn tch tn hiu dao ng dng Wavelet

Tin hnh s dng phng php Wavelet cho tn hiu dao ng thu nhn c. Fig 4. 8
m t bin i Wavelet ca tn hiu dao ng cha c h hng. Fig 4. 9 m t bin i
Wavelet ca tn hiu dao ng i vi bnh rng c h hng gy rng 20%. Fig 4. 10 m
t bin i Wavelet ca tn hiu dao ng i vi bnh rng c h hng gy rng 40%.
45
Fig 4. 11 m t bin i Wavelet ca tn hiu dao ng i vi bnh rng c h hng trc

r trn b mt rng. Fig 4. 12 m t bin i Wavelet ca tn hiu dao ng i vi bnh rng
c h hng dng mn rng.
Trc honh l thi gian, n v l 1/10 ms. Trc tung l scale, i lng ny quan h vi
tn s theo cng thc: scale= 5*sf/(2**freq). y sf l tn s ly mu c gi tr 10kHz.
Do n v ca scale l 1/rad. Vi tn s n khp ca bnh rng (GMF) l 402,3Hz, t
cng thc trn, s tng ng vi mc scale l 19,79. Cc hi bc 2 v bc 3 ng vi tn s n
khp ln lt ng vi tn s n khp bng 804,7Hz v 1207 Hz. Hi bc 2 v bc 3 tng
ng vi mc scale bng 9.09 v 6.6.
Vi bnh rng cha h hng, nng lng ti vng tn s n khp v ng vi cc hi bc
2, bc 3 phn b u nhau vi mc nng lng thp (mu xanh m) (Fig 4. 8).
Fig 4. 8: Biu phn trm nng lng tn hiu dao ng bnh thng.
Khi c h hng xy ra, vi 20% rng b gy (Fig 4. 9), trn biu nng lng, ng vi
hi bc 3 (3*f) ca tn s n khp c nhng du hiu khc bit. Mc nng lng ti vng
ny phn b thnh tng cm ring bit v mc nng lng tp trung ti mi cm cng cao
hn. y chng ta cng nhn dng c tnh chu k ca mc nng lng ng vi hi
bc 3 ca vng tn s n khp, th hin tnh chu k ca h hng cc b trn rng.
46
Fig 4. 9: Biu phn trm nng lng tn hiu dao ng 20% gy rng.
Vi 40% rng b gy (Fig 4. 10), khi va p, bnh rng s to ra dao ng vi bin ln
hn nhiu. Lc ny ti vng tn s n khp, nng lng bt u tng dn, phn b thnh cm
ri rc. ng vi hi bc 3 ca tn s n khp (3*f), mc nng lng to thnh nhng cm
ring bit tch ri nhau. Vi cc mu th hin nng lng ti vng hi bc 3 ca tn s n
khp, ta thy nng lng y l kh ln. y chng ta cng nhn dng c tnh chu k
ca mc nng lng ng vi hi bc 3 ca vng tn s n khp, th hin tnh chu k ca
h hng cc b trn rng.
Fig 4. 10: Biu phn trm nng lng tn hiu dao ng 40% gy rng.
47
Trng hp rng b trc (Fig 4. 11), biu nng lng cng c nhng du hiu khc
bit so vi trng hp bnh thng. Mc nng lng ti vng hi bc 3 ca tn s n khp
(3*f) lc ny cng phn b thnh tng cm ring bit v mc nng lng tp trung ti
mi cm cng cao hn so vi trng hp bnh thng y chng ta cng nhn dng c
tnh chu k ca mc nng lng ng vi hi bc 3 ca vng tn s n khp, th hin tnh
chu k ca h hng cc b trn rng.
Fig 4. 11: Biu phn trm nng lng tn hiu dao ng trc r rng.
Fig 4. 12: Biu phn trm nng lng tn hiu dao ng do mn rng
Trng hp rng b mn (Fig 4. 12), biu nng lng cng c nhng du hiu khc
bit so vi trng hp bnh thng. Mc nng lng ti vng hi bc 3 ca tn s n khp
(3*f) cng tng ln r rt. Tuy nhin, tnh chu k ca mc nng lng ng vi hi bc 3
48
ca vng tn s n khp khng th hin rt, m mc nng lng mang tnh phn b theo trc
thi gian. iu ny th hin h hng trn rng l dng h hng phn b (mn rng).
Tm li, qua s dng phng php Wavelet phn tch tnh hiu dao ng thu c t
cp bnh rng, chng ta c th nhn dng c h hng trn b truyn, ng thi c th phn
bit c dng hng cc b (gy rng, trc r b mt rng) v dng hng phn b (mn
rng).
4.1.4. Phn tch tn hiu m thanh s dng Wavelet
Fig 4. 13: Bin i Wavelet cho tn hiu m thanh bnh thng.
Fig 4. 14: Bin i Wavelet cho tn hiu m thanh 20% rng gy.
Tin hnh s dng phng php Wavelet cho tn hiu m thanh thu nhn c, chng ti
cng nhn ng c h hng trn b truyn. Fig 4. 13 m t bin i Wavelet ca tn hiu
49
m thanh cha c h hng. Tn s n khp ca bnh rng (GMF) l 402,3Hz tng ng vi

mc scale l 19,79. Vi bnh rng cha h hng, nng lng ti vng tn s n khp phn
b u nhau vi mc nng lng thp (mu xanh m).
Khi ph hng bnh rng 20% (Fig 4. 14), nng lng tp trung vng tn s n khp
dy hn, xut hin mt s vch nng lng ln (mu ), nng lng ti y cng cao hn
bi s biu hin ca cc vch mu xanh da tri nhiu hn so vi tn hiu cha c h hng.
Khi ph hng rng 40% (Fig 4. 15), du hiu h hng xut hin r rng hn. Quan st
cc vch mu m t mc nng lng ca tn hiu trn th, ta thy xung quanh tn s n
khp, cc mu th hin mc nng lng ln nh , cam, xanh l xut hin nhiu hn. Nng
lng ca tn hiu lc ny cao hn nhiu so vi tn hiu cha hng v hu nh ch tp trung
ti vng tn s n khp.
Fig 4. 15: Bin i Wavelet cho tn hiu m thanh 40% rng gy

Cc phn tch trn y cho thy tnh kh thi trong vic s dng tn hiu m thanh v
phng php Wavelet trong pht hin v chn on h hng trn b truyn bnh rng. T kt
qu bc u ni trn, c th tin hnh cc nghin cu su hn v tn hiu m thanh nhm
pht hin v chn on h hng thit b c kh.
4.2.
X l tn hiu dao ng thc nghim trn hp gim tc 2 cp
4.2.1. Thng s c trng ca hp gim tc bnh rng 2 cp

Thng s ca ng c v hp gim tc hai cp: Tc ng c: 1570 (v/p); Bnh rng
nh: Z1 = 17; Bnh rng ln: Z2 = 43; Tn s n khp cp nhanh: 443,7Hz; Tn s n khp
50
cp chm: 175,1 Hz; Tn s trc vo: 26,1Hz; Tn s trc trung gian: 10,3 Hz; Tn s trc
ra: 4,07 Hz
4.2.2. Cc dng hng trong hp gim tc 2 cp

Chng ti tin hnh m phng cc dng hng trn HGT 2 cp rng cho cc trng hp
sau y:
Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra (bnh b dn ca cp
bnh rng cp chm).
Hp gim tc 2 cp c 2 h hng: gy rng trc vo (bnh dn ca cp bnh rng
cp nhanh) v trc r bnh rng trc ra.
Hp gim tc 2 cp c 3 h hng: trc r bnh rng trc ra, gy rng trc vo v
trc r vng ngoi ca ln gn trn trc ra.
Fig 4. 16: th x(t) ca tn hiu dao ng b nh thng
4.2.3. Tn hiu dao ng thu nhn

Cc th trn hnh Fig 4. 16, Fig 4. 17, Fig 4. 18, Fig 4. 19 tng ng m t tn hiu dao
ng theo thi gian vi hp gim tc bnh rng bnh thng, h hng 1 li, h hng 2 li v
h hng 3 li.
51
Fig 4. 17: th x(t) ca tn hiu dao ng h hng 1 li
52
4.2.4. Phn tch tn hiu dao ng s dng Wavelet Packet v Hilbert

4.2.4.1. Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 li h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra
Trc ht nhn dng chnh xc c h hng nm trn b truyn bnh rng cp chm,
chng ta s dng phng php Wavelet Packet v tin hnh theo di th Wavelet Packet
ng vi vng tn s n khp ca b truyn bnh rng cp chm (ng vi tn s 175.01Hz).
Do , ta cn phn tch mc level 5 (1 scale: 10001/2^6=156.27Hz), tn s h hng trc ra
l 175.01Hz nm mc scale 2 (156.27312.54Hz).
Fig 4. 20 v Fig 4. 21 ln lc trnh by th Wavelet Packet tp trung trn vng tn s
n khp ca b truyn bnh rng cp chm (tn s 175.01Hz), tng ng vi trng hp b
truyn bnh rng cp chm bnh thng, cha c h hng v b truyn bnh rng cp chm
c h hng trc r trn b mt rng.
So snh th tn hiu ti tn s n khp trong hai trng hp trn, ng vi mc 2 (tn s
175.01Hz), ta thy th mc nng lng khi c h hng cao hn so vi trng hp bnh
thng. iu ny cho php khng nh rng c s hng trn b truyn bnh rng cp chm
(nh thc t trn hp gim tc). Tuy nhin, nu ch s dng phng php Wavelet Packet,
kh nhn dng h hng nm trn bnh rng no trong cp bnh rng cp chm.
53
Fig 4. 20: th Wavelet Packet tn hiu dao ng, b truyn bnh rng cha ph hng.
Fig 4. 21: th Wavelet Packet tn hiu dao ng, b truyn bnh rng c h hng trc
r trn b mt rng.
Ta tip tc tin hnh phn tch tn hiu dao ng s dng phng php Wavelet Packet,
kt hp vi phng php bin i Hilbert nhn dng tn s iu bin tn hiu, nhm xc
nh chnh xc hn h hng ang nm trn bnh rng no.
Trn hp gim tc thc t, h hng do ta to nn trn trc ra (bnh rng b dn cp chm).
Trc bnh rng b dn cp chm tng ng vi tn s 4.07Hz (h hng trc r trn bnh rng
nghin cu tng ng vi tn s ni trn). Ta s khi phc li vng tn s xy ra h hng
cho thy s tng quan gia trng hp bnh thng v trng hp h hng. Trc honh l
54
thi gian, n v l 1/10ms. Trc tung l trc tn s chia theo n v scale v n v l Hz.
Tn s ly mu c chn l 10KHz.
Tin hnh x l tn hiu mc phn tch th 11 vi rng tn s ca mi t l c
tnh theo cng thc l 10K/211+1 =2.44Hz. ng vi tn s 4.07Hz, ta cn quan st vng tn
s tng ng trong khong th 2 (ng vi khong tn s t 2 .44Hz n 4.88Hz).
Fig 4. 22: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu dao ng, b truyn bnh rng b nh
thng, khng c h hng
Fig 4. 23: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu dao ng h hng 1 li
55
Quan st vng tn s 4.07Hz trn th ca bnh rng cha hng v bnh rng b hng,
ta nhn thy i vi tn hiu dao ng bnh thng c mu sc nht hn, iu th hin
mc nng lng ca bin tn hiu dao ng bnh thng thp hn so vi trng hp bnh
rng b trc r. Khi bnh rng b trc r, th c m u m hn nhiu ti vng tn s ng vi
h hng (Fig 4. 22, Fig 4. 23).
C th kt lun rng, chng ta nhn dng c h hng trc r chnh xc nm trn trc
ra ca hp gim tc thng qua vic phn tch tn hiu dao ng.

rng trc ra.
Tng t nh trn, ta s dng phng php phng php Wavelet Packet kt hp vi
php bin i Hilbert phn tch tn hiu dao ng trong trng hp c hai li h hng.
Tn s tng ng vi cc h hng: gy rng trc vo tng ng vi tn s 26.1 Hz v
bnh rng b trc r trc ra tng ng vi tn s l 4.07Hz. Nh vy, chng ta cn khi
phc ti 2 vng tn s xy ra h hng cho thy s tng quan v nng lng gia trng
hp bnh thng v trng hp h hng.
Tin hnh x l tn hiu mc phn tch th 11 vi rng tn s ca mi t l c
tnh theo cng thc l 10K/211+1 =2.44Hz. Do , cc tn s 4.07Hz v 26.1Hz tng ng
trong khong th 2 (bng tn t 2.44Hz n 4.88Hz) v khong th 11 (bng tn t 24.4Hz
n 26.84Hz).
Fig 4. 24: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu dao ng bnh thng

56

i vi tn hiu dao ng, quan st trc quan trn th (Fig 4. 24, Fig 4. 25), ta nhn
thy khi cc bnh rng b gy v trc r th mc nng lng ca bin tn hiu dao ng
vng tn s tng ng vi cc h hng cao hn so vi trng hp cha h hng. Bng cch
kim tra bng mu hai th v da vo ct mu sc bn phi biu thy r s khc
bit. ct mu sc cng ln cao, th hin mc nng lng cng tng v biu hin mc h
hng cng trm trng.
Nh vy, da trn s kt hp hai phng php nu trn, chng ta nhn dng c chnh
xc h hng gy rng nm trn trc vo ca HGT v h hng trc r nm trn trc ra ca
HGT, nh trn thc t trong b truyn.
4.2.4.3. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 3 h hng: trc r bnh rng trc ra, gy rng

trc vo v trc r vng ngoi ca ln gn trn trc ra.
Tn s tng ng vi cc h hng gy rng trn trc vo, h hng trc r trn trc ra, h
hng trc r trn vng ngoi ln ln lt bng: 26.1Hz, 4.07Hz v 16.6Hz.
Bi v ta ch quan tm n cc tn s iu bin do h hng l 4.07Hz, 16.6Hz v 26.1Hz,
nn sau khi thc hin php bin i Wavelet Packet, ta tin hnh khi phc ti cc vng tn
s tng ng bng vic phc hi li cc nt trn cy Wavelet Packet. Cc vng tn s tng
ng tp trung khong th 2 (bng tn t 2.44Hz n 4.88Hz), khong th 7 (bng tn t
14.64Hz n 17.08Hz) v khong th 11 (bng tn t 24.4Hz n 26.84Hz).
57
Khi bnh rng v ln cha b h hng, tng ng vi cc tn s c trng cho cc h

hng va m t trn y, ta nhn thy i vi tn hiu dao ng, mu sc nht hn, iu
th hin mc nng lng ca bin tn hiu dao ng bnh thng l kh thp (Fig 4. 26).
Fig 4. 26: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu dao ng bnh thng

Khi bnh rng v ln b h hng, ta nhn thy tn hiu dao ng c mu m hn
nhiu ti nhng vng tn s c xy ra h hng, bng vic da vo ct mu sc tng ng
bn phi biu Fig 4. 27.
iu cho ta kt lun rng, vi phng php Wavelet Packet kt hp vi php bin
i Hilbert, ta nhn dng c chnh xc h hng ang nm trn bnh rng no ca hp
58
gim tc, ng thi cng nhn dng c du hiu trc r trn b mt rnh ln trn vng
ngoi ca trc ra.
4.2.5. Tn hiu m thanh thu nhn

4.2.5.1. Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 li h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra
th x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh trong trng hp bnh thng v trng hp h hng
trc r b mt rng trn bnh rng b dn ca cp chm nh trn hnh Fig 4. 28, Fig 4. 29.
Fig 4. 28: th x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh b nh thng

rng trc ra.
Fig 4. 29: th x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh h hng trc r bnh rng trn trc b dn
cp chm (trc ra)
59
th x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh trong trng hp h hng gy rng trn trc vo (trc
bnh rng dn cp nhanh) v trc r trn trc ra (trc bnh rng b dn cp chm) (Fig 4. 30).
Fig 4. 30: th x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh h hng 2 li: gy rng v trc r trn trc
vo v trc ra.
4.2.5.3. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 3 h hng: trc r bnh rng trc ra, gy rng

trc vo v trc r vng ngoi ca ln gn trn trc ra.
Fig 4. 31: th x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh h hng 3 li

Biu x(t) ca tn hiu m thanh cho trng hp 3 h hng trn hp gim tc 2 cp nh
trn Fig 4. 31.
60
4.2.6. Phn tch tn hiu m thanh s dng Wavelet Packet v Hilbert

Hon ton tng t nh khi tin hnh phn tch v x l tn hiu dao ng, s dng php
bin i Wavelet Packet kt hp vi bin i Hilbert x l tn hiu m thanh, chng ti
cng thu nhn c kt qu hon ton tng t.
Fig 4. 32: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu m thanh bnh thng
Fig 4. 33: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu m thanh h hng trc r trn trc ra
th Wavelet Packet (kt hp php bin i Hilbert), ng vi trng hp tn hiu m
thanh bnh thng v khi c mt li h hng trn trc ra nh trn Fig 4. 32, Fig 4. 33.
thanh bnh thng v khi c mt li h hng trn trc ra v mt li h hng trn trc vo
nh trn Fig 4. 34, Fig 4. 35.
61
Fig 4. 35: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu m thanh vi hai h hng : gy rng 20%
trn trc vo v trc r trn trc ra.
thanh bnh thng v khi c mt li h hng trn trc ra, mt li h hng trn trc vo, v 1
li h hng trc r trn rnh ln vng ngoi ln trn trc ra nh trn Fig 4. 36, Fig 4. 37.
62

Phn tch trn y cho php kt lun rng, vi phng php Wavelet Packet kt hp vi
php bin i Hilbert, s dng cho tn hiu m thanh, ta cng nhn dng c chnh xc
h hng ang nm trn bnh rng no ca hp gim tc.
Fig 4. 37: th Wavelet Packet ca tn hiu m thanh h hng 3 li
63
4.3.
Nhn xt v kt lun
Qua nghin cu trn y, chng ti nhn thy rng:
Vic phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh bng cc phng php Wavelet,
Wavelet Packet v php bin i Hilbert cho php ta nhn ng c mt s dng h
hng trong b truyn bnh rng (trc r b mt rng, gy rng, mn rng, trc r trn
ln). c bit vi vic thu nhn v phn tch tn hiu m thanh, chng ta hon ton
c kh nng pht hin v nhn dng c h hng.
Phng php Wavelet Packet cho php phn vng khng gian tn s thnh cc vng
nh hn v cho phn gii kh tt, t cho php phn tch cc tn hiu c nhiu
thnh phn tn s kh gn nhau, trong tn hiu n nh v ngay c trong tn hiu khng
n nh.
Vic kt hp phng php Wavelet Packet v bin i Hilbert to ra mt cng c cho

php gii iu bin tn hiu nhn dng chnh xc v tr h hng trong hp gim tc.
Vic biu din tn hiu trong min thi gian - tn s ca phng php Wavelet Packet
gip cho vic chn on c thun li, khi th hin c cc thng tin v tn s, thi
im xut hin v bin ca cc thnh phn tn hiu h hng.
C th nhn dng cng mt lc nhiu h hng xy ra trn hp tc , du hiu h

hng th hin mt cch trc quan d nhn bit trn th Wavelet Packet.
Cc phng php nu trn vn cha cho php phn bit chnh xc hin tng mn
rng, trc r v gy rng. phn bit chnh xc cc h hng nu trn, cn kt hp
vi cc phng php khc nh phng php FFT, phng php s dng h s
Kurtosis
64
KT LUN V TRIN VNG CA TI

1. Kt lun
ti "Nghin cu chn on h hng h truyn ng bnh rng bng phn tch tn hiu
dao ng v m thanh, s dng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert t
c mt s yu cu nh mc tiu nghin cu ra.
ti nghin cu t c mt s kt qu c th sau y:
+ Nghin cu tng quan v cc dng h hng v cc phng php chn on h hng h
truyn ng bnh rng bng phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh.
+ Nghin cu c s l thuyt v cc phng php phn tch tn hiu tin tin v hiu qu:
Phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v php bin i Hilbert. Xy dng thut ton phn
tch tn hiu v chng trnh phn tch tn hiu da trn cc phng php ni trn.
+ M phng cc dng hng trc r, gy rng, mn rng trn hp gim tc bnh rng mt
cp v hai cp. Xy dng v lp rp m hnh thu nhn tn hiu dao ng thng qua cm bin
gia tc k, thu nhn tn hiu m thanh thng qua cm bin m thanh/micro, sin h ra do cc h
hng, khuyt tt trong hp gim tc bnh rng.
+ B sung cc m un WAVELET, WAVELET PACKET, HILBERT vo phn mm x
l tn hiu CoPA Vibration Signal Analysis, s dng cng c ton hc Matlab. Cc mun
b sung cho php x l tn hiu dao ng nhn c bng cc phng php Wavelet,
Wavelet Packet, phng php Wavelet Packet kt hp vi phng php Hilbert, nhm phn
tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh. Phn mm c giao din kh thun tin, d s dng, cho
php x l chnh xc cc tn hiu thu nhn c.
+ Tin hnh chn on thc nghim; tm ra cc du hiu nhn dng h hng ca cc hp
gim tc th nghim.
T hp phn mm-thit b thu nhn v x l tn hiu dao ng gp mt cng c hu ch
cho vic chn on h hng ca cc phn t c kh nh ln, bnh rng.
2. Trin vng pht trin v hng nghin cu tip tc

y l mng ti rt phong ph, do hng tip tc pht trin kh rng ri. Chng ti
ch nu ln mt s hng nghin cu cn c tip tc hon thin ti:
- Hon thin phn mm thu nhn v x l tn hiu s dng cc phng php x l tn
hiu nu trn y.
65
- Pht trin phn mm trn c s ng dng phng php thi gian-tn s, phng php s
dng thut ton di truyn, mng nrn...
- Tip tc nghin cu thc nghim nhm nhn dng h hng b truyn trc vt, cc b
truyn bnh rng ang c s dng rng ri nh cc b truyn bnh rng bin dng cung
trn, bin dng thuc h ng cong cycloid
66
TI LIU THAM KHO

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x l tn hiu dao ng, phc v chn on h hng ln, bnh rng, Tp ch khoa hc &
Cng ngh 6 trng i hc, 76, 2010, 57-61.
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bng phng php phn tch dao ng, ti NCKH Cp B GD&T, M s: B2008DN02-38, Nm 2008-2009.
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contact in spur gears, Journal of sound and vibration, 29 (4), 2004, 100 200.
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ca b truyn bnh rng tr rng thng mt cp, Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh cc trng
i hc K thut, s 69-2009.
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vibratoire, Revue Francaise de Mcanique, No. 1999 -2.
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phn tch dao ng ca thit b, Vin Nghin cu C kh, H Ni, 2003.
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MECHANIK - Manuskripteingang, 25, 2004, 198-205
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utilisation et apport de lanalyse cepstrale en maintenance prvisionnelle , Mcanique &
Industrie 5, 393-406(2004).
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1968.
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15: Failure-Mode Analysis, Trang 159 163.
[43] Radulescu Bruno, Radulescu Mara, Le Cung, Cooperative design a solution for
intelligence maintenance, Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Theory, Practice &
Education, 20th International DAAAM Symposium, Vienna, Austria, 25 -28th November
2009, 185-186.
[44] Rafiee J. , Tse P.W., Use of autocorrelation of Wavelet coefficients for fault diagnosis,
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 23, 2009, 1554 1572.
[45] Samanta B, Artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms for gear fault detection,
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 18, 2004, 12731282.
[46] Tng Vn On, L thuyt v bi tp x l tn hiu s, Nh xut bn Lao ng x hi TP. H Ch Minh, 2002.
[47] Townsend D. P., Dudleys Gear Handbook, 2nd edition, McGraw -Hill Inc, 1992.
[48] W. J. WANG, Wavelets for detecting mechanical faults with high sensitivity,
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (2001) 15(4), 685-696
[49] W.J. WANG, P. D. MC FADDEN (1996), Application of Wavelets to gearbox
vibration signals for fault detection, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 192(5), 927-939.
[50] Wang W. J., Wavelets for detecting mechanical faults with high sensitivity,
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 15 (4), 2001, 685 -696.
[51] Wang W.J., McFadden P. D., Application of Wavelets to gearbox vibration signals for
fault detection, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 192 (5), 1996, 927 -939.
[52] Xianfeng Fan, Ming J. Zuo, Gearbox fault detection using Hilbert and Wavelet Packet
transform, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 20 (2006) 966 982.
[53] Yan Zhonghong, Miyamoto Ayaho, Jiang Zhongwei, Frequency slice Wavelet
transform for transient vibration response analysis, Mechanical Systems and Signal
Processing, 23, 2009, 14741489.
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[54] Yildirim N., Gasparini G., Sartori S., An improvement on helicopter transmission
performance through use of high contact ratio spur gears with suitable profile modification
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Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 16 (23), 2002, 447-457.
71
Nguyn Hu Lp
Trng
Chng trnh PFIEV, T

ng ha
Xy dng m hnh thc nghim, thu

nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh.
X l tn hiu bng Wavelet, Wavelet
Packet, Hilbert
Trn Kim Phc Hc vin Cao hc, ngnh

Hong Ngc Thin SXT v CNCTM nm
V
2011

nhn tn hiu m thanh v dao ng
t HGT bnh rng 1 cp v 2 cp. X
l tn hiu m thanh bng Wavelet.
Nguyn Thi Sn
Sinh vin 07CLC1,

ngnh SXT, chng
trnh PFIEV

nhn tn hiu m thanh v dao ng
trn HGT 2 cp. X l tn hiu bng
Wavelet Packet, Hilbert.
9. N V PHI HP CHNH
Tn n v
trong v ngoi nc
Labo G-SCOP, INPG,
Grenoble
Ni dung phi hp nghin cu

Cung cp t liu, t vn ni dung nghin cu v
t vn thit b nghin cu
H v tn ngi i
din n v
Frdric Vignat
10. TNG QUAN TNH HNH NGHIN CU THUC LNH VC CA TI TRONG V

NGOI NC
10.1. Ngoi nc (phn tch, nh gi tnh hnh nghin cu thuc lnh vc ca ti trn th gii, lit k danh mc
cc cng trnh nghin cu, ti liu c lin quan n ti c trch dn khi nh gi tng quan)
Trong thi gian gn y, vic ng dng phng php wavelet, wavelet packet phi vi php bin
i hilbert nhm x l tn hiu dao ng, m thanh nhm nhn dng chnh xc h hng trong h
truyn ng c kh, c nhiu nh nghin cu quan tm. Cc phng php trn t ra l mt
cng c mnh v hiu qu i vi cc tn hiu dao ng m tn s thay i theo thi gian, cc tn
hiu khng dng, cc tn hiu dao ng c cha nhiu thnh phn tn s.
H. Zheng, Z. Li v X. Chen (2003) nghin cu chn on h hng thit b da trn php bin i
wavelet lin tc cho mt h truyn ng c kh nhiu cp bnh rng.
X. Li, L. Qu, G. Wen v C. Li (2006) nghin cu ng dng phn tch wavelet packet nhm chn
on h hng v in trong my pht in kiu tuabin bng cc gim st cc dao ng xon.
Xianfeng Fan, Ming J. Zuo (2001) xut mt phng php x l tn hiu kt hp u im ca
php bin i hilbert, php bin i wavelet packet v php phn tch ph mt cng sut, cho
php nhn dng tn s c trng ca khuyt tt mt cch hiu qu, t tn hiu dao ng phc tp
nhiu thnh phn gy ra bi h hng trong truyn ng bnh rng ca hp tc .
N. Baydar v A.Ball (2003) nghin cu s pht trin h hng cc b trong mt hp s bnh rng
nghing 2 cp trong cng nghip, s dng tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu rung ng. Hai loi h
hng l gy rng v vt nt chn rng c m phng v s dng php bin i wavelet
chng minh u im ca c tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu rung ng.
Ales Belsak, Joze Flasker (2010) nghin cu xc nh vt nt trong truyn ng bnh rng bng
s dng phng php bin i wavelet thch nghi.
Jian-Da Wu, Chuang-Chin Hsu (2009) nghin cu xc nh h hng truyn ng bnh rng s
dng tn hiu dao ng vi k thut bin i wavelet ri rc v logic m.
10.2. Trong nc (phn tch, nh gi tnh hnh nghin cu thuc lnh vc ca ti Vit Nam, lit k danh mc
cc cng trnh nghin cu, ti liu c lin quan n ti c trch dn khi nh gi tng quan)
Trong nc, lnh vc chn on h hng s dng tn hiu dao ng c cc nh nghin cu
Vin C hc Vit Nam, trng i hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh quan tm nghin cu.
Nguyn Hi H (Vin Nghin cu C kh H Ni) nghin cu ng dng k thut phn tch dao
ng trong gim st v chn on tnh trng thit b.
Nguyn Cao Mnh, V Thanh Trc (Vin C hc ng dng H Ni) m hnh ho bi v gi
nh mt h dao ng mt bc t do vi cng h l mt i lng phi tuyn. Dao ng c
m phng s trong trng hp c khuyt tt nm trn con ln, trn vng trong v vng ngoi.
Nguyn Vn Khang, Thi Mnh Cu, Nguyn Phong in (2004) a ra m hnh dao ng
tham s ca mt cp bnh rng n khp, m phng cng n khp, sai s truyn ng v ph
tn s ca tn hiu, gii thch s hnh thnh cc di bn xung quanh tn s n khp.
Nguyn Tin Khim (Vin C hc 2008), Nguyn Qu Hn, Nguyn Th Hin Lng (Trng
i hc Bch khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh 2010) nghin cu ng dng wavelet v thut ton
di truyn nhm chn on chn on vt nt trong dm n hi.
Lu Thanh Tng (2009) nghin cu ng dng mng nrn khng gim st vo vic chn on
h hng b truyn bnh rng mt cp vi hai dng hng c bn l mn rng v gy rng. Cc gi
tr thng k ca tn hiu thu nhn c, s c a vo mng nrn khng gim st nhm hun
luyn cho mng nrn ny.
10.3. Danh mc cc cng trnh cng b thuc lnh vc ca ti ca ch nhim v nhng thnh
vin tham gia nghin cu (h v tn tc gi; bi bo; n phm; cc yu t v xut bn)
[1] Nghin cu chn on h hng ca mt s phn t trong cc thit b c kh bng phng
php phn tch dao ng. ti NCKH Cp B GD&T, M s : B2008-DN02-38, Nm 20082009
[2] L Cung, Dng Quc Bo, Nghin cu xy dng thut ton v phn mm thu nhn v x
l tn hiu dao ng, phc v chn on h hng ln, bnh rng, Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng
ngh 6 trng i hc, s 76-2010, trang 57-61.
[3] RADULESCU Bruno; RADULESCU, Mara, CUNG Le, Cooperative design a solution for
intelligence maintenance, Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Theory, Practice &
Education, 20th International DAAAM Symposium, 25-28th November 2009, Vienna, Austria,
pp.185-186
11. TNH CP THIT CA TI
Vic theo di, pht hin v chn on h hng sm ca cc phn t c kh nh truyn ng bnh
rng, ln... l mt nhu cu thc t hin nay trn cc dy chuyn sn xut t ng, nhm chn on
sm cc h hng, gp phn vo cng tc bo dng d phng hay kim tra, nh gi tnh trng hot
ng ca thit b, kp thi x l h hng, trnh cc s c ng tic xy ra gy nh tr sn xut.
Cc phng php c s dng hin nay trong chn on h hng c kh trn thc t bao gm:
phng php Kurtosis, phng php phn tch ph FFT, phng php pht hin hnh bao, phng
php ph loga (cepstrum),... Tn hiu thu nhn c s dng trong chn on l tn hiu dao ng
nhn c t cc h truyn ng c kh c cc h hng.
Tuy nhin tn hiu nhn c t cc h truyn ng bnh rng thng cha nhiu thnh phn tn
s, i khi cc tn s thay i theo thi gian, i khi cc tn hiu nhn c l khng dng. Chnh v
vy, vic nghin cu ng dng cc cng c mnh nh phng php nh Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v
Hilbert l ht sc cn thit, cho php phn tch tn hiu v nhn dng chnh xc vi tin cy cao
cc h hng sm trong h truyn ng c kh.
Bn cnh , vic nhn dng h hng thng qua tn hiu m thanh bt u c s dng trong
nhng nm gn y, Trong mt s trng hp vic thu nhn tn hiu m thanh thun li hn thu
nhn tn hiu dao ng, ng thi vic phn tich tn hiu m thanh kt hp vi phn tch tn hiu dao
ng cho php nhn dng chnh xc cc h hng trong truyn ng bnh rng.
12. MC TIU TI
Nghin cu ng dng cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert, nhm phn tch tn
hiu dao ng v m thanh thu c t cc h hng trong h truyn ng bnh rng, t tm ra
du hiu nhn dng cc h hng mt cch chnh xc v c tin cy cao.
13. I TNG, PHM VI NGHIN CU
13.1. i tng nghin cu

- Cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert
- Tn hiu m thanh v tn hiu dao ng
13.2. Phm vi nghin cu
- Cc dng hng nh trc r, mn rng, gy rng trong HGT mt cp v nhiu cp
14. CCH TIP CN, PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
14.1. Cch tip cn

- Nghin cu l thuyt v cc phng php x l tn hiu dao ng m thanh nhm xy dng
phn mm x l tn hiu.
- Nghin cu thc nghim bng cch xy dng cc dng hng: trc r, gy rng, mn rng trn
m hnh thc nghim,
14.2. Phng php nghin cu
Nghin cu l thuyt kt hp vi thc nghim nhm tm ra cc du hiu chn on sm h hng.
15. NI DUNG NGHIN CU V TIN THC HIN
15.1. Ni dung nghin cu (trnh by di dng cng nghin cu chi tit)

- Nghin cu v l thuyt cc phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet, bin i Hilbert v cc ng
dng ca chng trong x l tn hiu dao ng v m thanh.
- Nghin cu thut ton x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet, bin i Hilbert.
- Xy dng phn mm phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh s dng cng c Wavelet, Wavelet
Packet v bin i Hilbert.
- Lp rp m hnh th nghim thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh trong truyn ng bnh rng
mt cp v nhiu cp; m phng cc dng hng thc t nh gy rng, mn rng, trc r b mt rng,
vt nt chn rng...
- Thu nhn v x l tn hiu thc nghim nhm nhn dng h hng truyn ng bnh rng.
15.2. Tin thc hin

STT
Cc ni dung, cng vic

thc hin
Nghin cu v l thuyt cc
phng php Wavelet, Wavelet
Packet, bin i Hilbert v cc
ng dng ca chng trong x l
tn hiu dao ng v m thanh
Sn phm
Thi gian
(bt u-kt thc)
Bo co
Nghin cu thut ton x l tn

hiu bng phng php Wavelet,
Wavelet Packet, bin i Hilbert
Xy dng phn mm phn tch Phn mm
tn hiu dao ng v m thanh s
dng cng c Wavelet, Wavelet
Packet v bin i Hilbert
Lp rp m hnh th nghim thu
nhn tn hiu dao ng v m
thanh trong truyn ng bnh
rng mt cp v nhiu cp
M hnh thc
M phng cc dng hng thc t nghim
nh gy rng, mn rng, trc r
b mt rng, vt nt chn
rng..; thu nhn tn hiu dao
ng v m thanh
X l tn hiu thc nghim nhm
Bo co chn on
tm ra cc du hiu nhn dng h
h hng
hng truyn ng bnh rng
Ngi thc
hin
Thng 04/201205/2012
L Cung
Thng 06/201207/2012
L Cung
Nguyn
Ngc Tn
Nguyn Hu
Lp Trng
Thng 05/2012
09/2012
L Cung
Nguyn
Ngc Tn
Hong Ngc
Thin V
Trn Kim
Phc
Nguyn Thi
Sn
Thng 10/2012 11/2012
Ton nhm
16. SN PHM
16.1. Sn phm khoa hc

Bi bo ng tp ch nc ngoi
Bi bo ng tp ch trong nc
Bi ng k yu hi ngh, hi tho quc t
Sn phm khc (gio trnh, ti liu tham kho..
16.2. Sn phm o to
NCS
Cao hc
16.3.Sn phm ng dng
Mu
Ging cy trng
Tiu chun
Ti liu d bo
Phng php
Dy chuyn cng ngh
Vt liu
Ging vt nui
Qui phm
n
Chng trnh my tnh
Bo co phn tch
Thit b my mc
Qui trnh cng ngh
S , bn thit k
Lun chng kinh t
Bn kin ngh
Bn quy hoch
16.4.Cc sn phm khc: M hnh th nghim thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh
16.5.Tn sn phm, s lng v yu cu khoa hc i vi sn phm
Stt
1
Tn sn phm
S lng
Thut ton v phn mm x l tn

hiu dao ng v m thanh
M hnh thc nghim (m phng
cc dng hng trong truyn ng
bnh rng, m hnh thu nhn tn
hiu dao ng v m thanh)
Du hiu nhn dng cc h hng
bng tn hiu dao ng v m thanh
Yu cu khoa hc
D s dng Giao din thun li

Tin cy
Hot ng ng n nh Tin cy
1 bo co
Cho php nhn dng sm h hng

trn dy chuyn sn xut thc t
(gio dc v o to, kinh t - x hi)

- Nng cao kin thc cho cc cn b ging dy, cc k thut vin, hc vin cao hc, sinh vin v lnh
vc chn on h hng c kh bng phn tch tn hiu dao ng v m thanh.
- M hnh thc nghim c ng dng trong o to cao hc ngnh Sn xut t ng, ngnh C
in t, s dng trong cng tc nghin cu khoa hc.
- Phn mm x l tn hiu, kt hp vi h thng thit b thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh, c
th ng dng trong chn on h hng thc t trn cc dy chuyn sn xut t ng
17. HIU QU
18. PHNG THC CHUYN GIAO KT QU NGHIN CU V A CH NG DNG
Chn on sm cc h hng trn cc dy chuyn sn xut t ng, nhm ra bin php bo dng
d phng cho cc x nghip trn a bn min Trung c nhu cu chn on.
D TON KINH PH
TI KH&CN CP I HC NNG NM 2012
(Cn c nh mc theo Thng t 44/2007 v Qui ch Chi tiu ni b ca i hc Nng)
Tn ti:
Nghin cu chn on h hng h truyn ng bnh rng bng phn tch tn hiu dao ng v
m thanh, s dng phng php Wavelet, Wavelet Packet v Hilbert
n v tnh: 1000 ng
TT
Ni dung cc khon chi
I.
Chi cng lao ng tham gia trc

tip thc hin ti
II.
III.
Chi mua nguyn nhin vt liu
Tng s
Ngun kinh ph
Kinh ph
Kinh ph t
NSNN
10.000
25
10.000
20.000
10.000
40.000
50
25
20.000
10.000
40.000
Chi khc
Tng cng
Cc ngun
khc
Gii trnh cc khon chi

Khon I. Chi cng lao ng tham gia trc tip thc hin ti
TT
Ni dung Chi cng lao ng tham gia

trc tip thc hin ti
n v tnh: 1000 ng
Ngun kinh ph
Tng kinh ph
n v
tnh
800
ti
800
Kinh ph
t
NSNN
I.1.
Xy dng thuyt minh cng chi tit
I.2.
Chuyn nghin cu xy dng quy trnh KHCN

v khoa hc t nhin (chuyn xy dng theo
sn phm ca ti): Chuyn loi 1
1.600
Chuyn
1.600
I.3.
Bo co tng thut ti liu ca ti
1.200
Bo co
1.200
I.4.
Bo co x l, phn tch s liu iu tra
1.600
Bo co
1.600
I.5.
Bo co khoa hc tng kt ti (bao gm

bo co ton vn v bo co tm tt)
4.800
Bo co
4.800
Cng
10.000
10.000
Cc
ngun
khc

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B GIO DC V O TO

TI KHOA HC V CNG NGH

NGHIN CU CHN ON H HNG H TRUYN

Ch nhim ti: PGS.TS. L Cung

TI KHOA HC V CNG NGH

NGHIN CU CHN ON H HNG H TRUYN

Nng, Thng 11/2012

DANH SCH THNH VIN THAM GIA TI

Tnh cp thit ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 1

Mc tiu ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 1

Cch tip cn, phng php nghin cu ................................ ................................ . 1

i tng v phm vi nghin cu ................................ ................................ .......... 2

Ni dung nghin cu ................................ ................................ ............................... 2

CHNG 1 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 3

Nhit trong hp tc qu cao ................................ ................................ .... 4

Hp tc c ting n l khi hot ng ................................ ........................... 4

Trc r v mi b mt rng ................................ ................................ ................ 4

Gy rng ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 4

Mn rng ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 5

Dnh rng ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 6

Bin dng do ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 6

1.3. Nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng v m thanh trong thit b, my mc .................. 6

Nguyn nhn gy nn dao ng ................................ ................................ ........ 6

Nguyn nhn gy nn ting n ................................ ................................ .......... 8

C S L THUYT CA CC PHNG PHP WAVELET, WAVELET

Bin i Fourier ................................ ................................ .............................. 14

Bin i Wavelet ................................ ................................ ............................. 16

2.1.2.1. Bin i Wavelet lin tc ................................ ................................ ................ 17

Thit b NI compact DAQ 9172 ................................ ................................ ...... 26

3.3.1.1. Gii thiu ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 26

Thit b NI 9233 ................................ ................................ .............................. 27

Cm bin s dng trong thu nhn tn hiu dao ng v m thanh .................. 27

3.3.3.1. Cm bin quang ................................ ................................ ............................... 27

Thit b thu nhn tn hiu m thanh ................................ ................................ 29

3.3.4.1. Micro kiu mng mng ................................ ................................ ................... 29

Phn mm h tr ................................ ................................ ............................. 31

3.3.5.1. Phn mm thu nhn tn hiu ................................ ................................ ............ 31

Xy dng phn mm x l ................................ ................................ .............. 36

Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet ................................ ..... 36

Giao din x l tn hiu bng phng php Wavelet Packet .......................... 38

3.7. M phng h hng trong b truyn bnh rng ................................ ..................... 39

Thng s c trng ca hp gim tc bnh rng mt cp .............................. 42

Cc dng hng trong HGT v tn hiu thu nhn ................................ ............. 42

Phn tch tn hiu dao ng dng Wavelet ................................ ...................... 45

Phn tch tn hiu m thanh s dng Wavelet ................................ ................. 49

4.2. X l tn hiu dao ng thc nghim trn hp gim tc 2 cp ............................ 50

Thng s c trng ca hp gim tc bnh rng 2 cp ................................ ... 50

Cc dng hng trong hp gim tc 2 cp ................................ ........................ 51

Tn hiu dao ng thu nhn ................................ ................................ ............. 51

Phn tch tn hiu dao ng s dng Wavelet Packet v Hilbert .................... 53

4.2.4.1. Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 li h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra ............. 53

Tn hiu m thanh thu nhn ................................ ................................ ............. 59

4.2.5.1. Hp gim tc 2 cp ch c 1 li h hng trc r bnh rng trc ra ............. 59

4.2.5.2. Hp gim tc 2 cp c 2 li h hng: gy rng trc vo v trc r

Phn tch tn hiu m thanh s dng Wavelet Packet v Hilbert .................... 61

4.3. Nhn xt v kt lun ................................ ................................ ............................. 64

Kt lun ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 65

Trin vng pht trin v hng nghin cu tip tc ................................ ............. 65

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................ ................................ ........................... 767

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

THNG TIN KT QU NGHIN CU

INFORMATION ON RESEARCH RESULTS

3. Cch tip cn, phng php nghin cu