Technical College of Basrah

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Dept.

Subject: Power Plant Technology
Chapter: Steam Turbines
Lecturer: S .H .Faisal//M.Sc, B.Sc Mech .Eng

Class: 4th
Date: 5/4/2007

Q1// the velocity of steam at inlet to simple impulse turbine is 1000 m/s and the
nozzle single is 20o. The blade speed is 400 m/s and the blades are symmetrical.
Determine the blade angle, tangential force, diagrame power, axial thrust, and the
diagram efficiency for frictionless blades.
If the relative velocity at exit is reduced by friction to 80% of that at inlet, then
recalculates the diagram power, axial thrust, and the diagram efficiency. Take
mass flow rate 1 kg/s .Answer (32.5o, 1065.27 N, 426.27 kW, 0 N, 85.25 %,
383.643 kW, 67.89 N, 76.7%)
Q2// a stage of a turbine with Parson's blades of 50% reaction degree delivers the
steam from the fixed blade at 90 m/s. The moving blade exit angle is 20o and the
inlet axial velocity fi of the steam is 3/4 of the blade velocity. If the steam is
supplied to the stage at a rate of 9000 kg/hr, determine:
1. The diagram power.
2. The diagram efficiency.
3. The total enthalpy drop of steam in the stage.
Answer: (13143.5 W ; 78.7% ; 5257 kJ/kg)
Q3// a single row impulse turbine receive 3 kg/s of steam with velocity 425 m/s .
The blade speed ratio is 0.4 and the output power is 171.58 kW. If the frictional
losses in the moving blade amount to 14.92 kW, determine the diagram
efficiency and the blade velocity coefficient. The nozzles angle is 16o .
Answer: (63.32%; 0.927)
Q4//a simple impulse turbine (De Laval turbine) is supplied with steam at 15 bar,
400 oC-superheat. The steam expands in the nozzles, which have an efficiency of
90%, to pressure of 1bar. Assuming the nozzle angle is 20o, blade velocity
coefficient is 0.8, and symmetrical blades; determine for ideally maximum blade
efficiency condition:
1.The blade speed. 2. The blade angle. 3.The power output for m 9000 kg / hr .
4.Set the summation of nozzle losses, useful output work, blade frictional losses,
and leaving kinetic energy; which must be equal to the isentropic enthalpy drop.
answ(493.902 m/s; 36.05o;1097.75kW;nozzle losses:61.46 kJ/kg;energy
output:439.1 kJ/kg ;friction losses:67.18 kJ/kg; residual kinetic energy:46.24
kJ/kg)

Q5//The rotational-speed of an impulse turbine wheel is 3000 r.p.m. The nozzles

are inclined at 20o and their efficiency is 0.89. The isentropic heat drop for the
stage is 159 kJ/kg. If the blade speed ratio is 0.4, the blade speed coefficient is
0.82, and the blade efficiency is 0.76. Find for steam flow rate of 15 kg/s:
1. The mean blade ring diameter.
2. The power developed by the stage.
Answer (1.355m, 1613.2 kW,
).
Q6// the nozzles of the impulse stage of turbine receive steam at 15 bar, 300 oC
and discharge it at 10 bar. The nozzle efficiency is 95 % and the nozzle angle is
20o. The blade speed is that required for maximum power and the inlet angle of
the blades is that required for entry of steam without shock .the blade exit angle
is 5o less than the inlet angle. The blade velocity coefficient is 0.9. Calculate for
steam flow rate 1350 kg/hr:
1. The diagram power.
2. The diagram efficiency.
Answer (30.3 kW , 86.3 % )
Q7// the steam from the nozzle of single wheel impulse turbine discharges with
velocity of 600 m/s at angle of 20o . The blade wheel rotates at 3000 rev/min
and the mean blade radius is 590mm. the axial velocity of steam at exit from the
blade ( f ) is 164 m/s and the blades are symmetrical, calculate:
1. The blades angles.
2. The diagram power.
3. The diagram efficiency .
4. The blade velocity coefficient.
Answer (28o ,126.3 kW , 70% ,0.799)
e

Q8/in a reaction turbine stage, the fixed and moving frictionless blades are of the
same shape with inlet and outlet angles of 35o and 20o respectively. The mean
blade wheel diameter is 0.239m and the rotational speed is 3000 r.p.m . The
steam is supplied to the stage at 64 kg/s. Calculate:
1. The output absolute velocity and its angle.
2. The output power and the diagram efficiency.
3. The total enthalpy drop in the stage in kJ/kg.
4. The maximum diagram efficiency that can be obtained and the value of blade
speed ratio at which it occurs.
Q9/ Compare between impulse and impulse-reaction turbines.

Q10/for Parson turbine of 50% reaction degree ,derive an expression for blade
efficiency showing the optimum operation of blade speed ratio (b/ai) and the
corresponding maximum efficiency power.
b
b
(2 cos i )
ai
ai
Answer:b
b 2
b
1 ( ) 2( ) cos i
ai
ai
2

By making

d (b )
0
b
d( )
ai

Where ( a ) is the blade speed ratio

i

b
ai

we find

cos i
optimum

b max

ae

; power= m b 2

The velocity diagram will be:

ai

2 cos 2 i
max b 1 cos 2
i

Mre

mri
b
ai
b
ai

optimum

Q11//for DeLaval turbine of symmetrical and frictionless blades degree ,derive

an expression for blade efficiency showing the optimum operation of blade speed
ratio (b/ai) and the corresponding maximum efficiency power.
Answer:

by making

b
b
(cos i )
ai
ai

d (b )
0
b
d( )
ai

Where ( a ) is the blade speed ratio

i

b
ai

we find

The velocity diagram will be:

optimum

cos i
2

; maxb cos 2 i ; power= 2m b 2

b
b max

b
ae

mri
re

ai

b
ai
b
ai

optimum