ECOC2014 Sunday Workshop, WS5

Front-Haul challenges for future radio

access
Sep. 21st, 2014
Shigeru Kuwano
NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories,
NTT Corporation
kuwano.shigeru@lab.ntt.co.jp
Copyright2014 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

Agenda
NTT Confidential

Future Radio Access (5G)

2020 and beyond

NG-PON2 for 5G
MFH bandwidth reduction
Cooperation between mobile and optical
High speed backhaul

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Future Radio Access (5G)

Various number of radio access technologies (RAT)
Enhanced RAT
New RAT

Use of higher frequency bands (Low-SHF to EHF)

Inter cell cooperation
Ultra high data rate
(e.g. > 10 GHz)
Spot cells
NewRAT
Small cells High data rate
(e.g. 3.5 GHz)
EnhancedRAT

MBH
Multi Frequency
band cells
(U-plane)
MFH

Macro cell
C/U plane Split
(Dual Connectivity)
U-plane

C-plane

Moderate data rate/

C-plane (e.g. < 2 GHz)

User Equipment
Copyright2014 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

Requirement
MFH
Accommodation of bandwidth explosion
Reduction of optical bandwidth

Low latency

MBH
Low cost high speed access
Low latency connection between eNBs for dual connectivity
RAT

Accommodation

Bandwidth

Latency (Oneway)

Enhanced RAT
(Small cells)

MFH

> 40 Gbit/s (> 4 CPRI

option7 links)

100 ~ 200 s (Depends

on implementation)

New RAT
(Spot cells)

MBH

10 Gbit/s ~
(Massive MIMO cell)

2~10 ms
(between eNBs)
Copyright2014 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

NG-PON2 for 5G
MFH
WDM overlay

Multiplexed transmission
Higher rate more than current specification (G.989)
Wavelength level monitoring (AMCC)

TWDM-PON

Reduced data rate transmission

Cooperation between mobile and optical
Challengeable

MBH
WDM overlay for spot cells

Higher rate (> 10Gbit/s) more than current specification (G.989)

Wavelength level monitoring (AMCC)

TWDM-PON

eNBs with moderate rate (< 10 Gb/s)

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Multiplexed transmission of CPRI

Cost effective PtP transmission for macro cell
WDM or TDM

TDM is an economical solution for the bit rate of about 10 Gbit/s (e.g. CPRI
option3 multiplexing).

TDM Data format

Dedicated format (e.g. byte multiplexing)

CPRI over OTN (ITU-T G.709)
PtP solution is under study.

CPRI over Ethernet

OAM functions

Synchronization
RRH

CPRI

CPRI
MUX/
DEMUX

Multiplexed transmission

MUX/
DEMUX

BBU

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CPRI compression
Reduce the redundancy of digitized IQ data
Lossless and Lossy compression

Lossless(preferable): LPC and Entropy coding

Lossy(high performance): Sampling rate reduction and bit width reduction

Compression ratio

Lossless: 50 %, Lossy: 30~50 %

Depends on latency and distortion
Latency: ~10 s
Distortion (Lossy case): EVM < 1 %

10

Lossy compression (50%)

Non-linear quantization
Latency: 20s (preferable)
EVM < 3 %

China Mobile C-RAN field trial

Lossless compression (50%)

Issues for 5G

More information in the same radio bandwidth

NOMA, 256QAM

Smaller compression gain

Larger distortion
Higher latency

EVM by IQ compression [%]

ETSI ORI (Open Radio Interface)

EVM degradation
8

0.01 dB
0.1 dB
1 dB

4
16-QAM

QPSK

64-QAM
2
1
0
0

10

15

20

System EVM [%]

30

25

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MFH Redefinition (Midhaul?)

Redefinition of splitting point between BBU and RRH
Drastically reduction of optical bandwidth can be achieved.
Optical traffic is proportional to mobile traffic.
Variable bit rate

Functionality of mobile systems (e.g. C-RAN) should be kept.

CoMP

Latency requirement is the same.

HARQ

Many aggressive studies

ALU, iJOIN, ChinaMobile etc.

Channel
Coding
Channel
Coding

MAC

Scrambling

Scrambling

Modulation
Mapper
Modulation
Mapper

Smaller bandwidth

Layer
Mapper

Precoding

Resource
Element
Mapper

IFFT

Resource
Element
Mapper

IFFT

Larger bandwidth

CPRI

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TWDM-PON approach for MFH

Statistical multiplexing of redefined MFH transports for
effective use of optical bandwidth.
Suitable for small cell cluster accommodation.
Latency of conventional DBA is too high for MFH.
Accurate time and frequency synchronization should be
provided over TWDM-PON.
DBA based scheduling

BBU

ONU

ONU
Splitter

ONU

ONU

Shared Fiber
ONU
100~200 m

BBU/
OSU(OLT)

RRH

Shared Network Equipment

5~10 km

OLT
Request

ONU
RRH
UE

Wireless
Data

PON
Scheduling
Grant

Wireless
Data

High
Latency

Wireless
Signal

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Time
8

Mobile DBA
Cooperation between mobile and optical scheduling.
Wireless scheduling based PON scheduling.

Lower than 50 s latency can be achieved.

OLT

Wireless
Data

PON
Scheduling
Grant

ONU
RRH
UE

Wireless
Data

Low
Latency

Wireless
Signal

Time

Latency (s)

BBU

10000

Wireless
Scheduling

Proposed (1 ONU)
Conventional (1 ONU)
Proposed (4 ONUs)
Conventional (4 ONUs)

1000

100

10
0

Data
rate per ONU (Gb/s)
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9
T. Tashiro et al., OFC2014

High speed transport for MBH

NewRAT BH will require high bit rates (> 10 Gbit/s).
High speed (40 ~ 100 Gbit/s) and Low cost optical access
interface is needed.

Candidates
100GE, 400GE based technologies
PAM
DMT

Low cost WDM

Digital coherent (if extremely low cost interface can be realized
)

Challenges
Link budget for high speed WDM overlay
Low cost optics and electronics
Copyright2014 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

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Summary
WDM overlay
To support high speed transport (~ 40 Gb/s)
Monitoring capability

TWDM-PON
Challengeable for MFH.
Redefined MFH interface is essential.
Cooperation between mobile and optical for proper operation.

Standardization is VERY important.

Not only G.989 series
NGMN, ORI, etc.

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Thank you!

Copyright2014 NTT corp. All Rights Reserved.

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