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USN
Batch
Page 2
USN
Batch
of
Electronics
and
PSO-1: Graduates will be able to formulate design, development & analysis of Electronics and
Instrumentation System.
2. PSO-2: Graduates will be able to apply their knowledge & skills to become individual leader and
entrepreneur
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IA Marks :25
Exam Hrs:03
Exam Marks:50
Course Objectives:
1. The student will able to design the signal conditioning circuit using analog electronic
components to interface sensors (RTD, Thermocouple and Load Cell) with the given
specifications.
2. The student will able to understand PC based control system for the different control modes
(ON-OFF, P, PI and PID) to control Temperature, Level and Flow systems.
3. The student will able to understand PLC based control of
i)
Bottle filling Process Mechanism logic should be solved using Ladder Diagram
Technique.
ii)
Elevator using PLC logic should be solved using Ladder Diagram Technique.
ii)
iii)
iv)
Syllabus:
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 5
Course Outcomes:
After completion of this course student will able to develop
1. Design the different signal conditioning circuits for any sensor output required for
industrial applications.
2. Student should able to write control algorithm and maintenance of any physical process
for accurate control the product with given specifications.
3. Student should able to write Ladder Program for any industrial instrumentation
application by using PLC.
4. Student should able to develop instrumentation projects based on LABVIEW tool.
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DOs
Adhere and follow timings, proper dress code with appropriate foot wear.
Bags, and other personal items must be stored in designated place.
Come prepare with the viva, procedure, and other details of the experiment.
Secure long hair, loose clothing & know safety and emergency procedures.
Do check for the correct ranges/rating and carry one meter/instrument at a time
DONTs
The use of mobile/ any other personal electronic gadgets is prohibited in the laboratory.
Do not make noise in the Laboratory & do not sit on experiment table.
Do not make loose connections and avoid overlapping of wires
Dont switch on power supply without prior permission from the concerned staff.
Never point/touch the CRO/Monitor screen with the tip of the open pen/pencil/any other
sharp object.
Never leave the experiments while in progress.
Experiment No:________
Do not insert/use pen drive/any other storage devices into the CPU.
Date:____________
Titlethe
of the
Experiment
Do not leave the Laboratory without
signature
of the concerned staff in observation book
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 8
Date: ____________
Rig up and test the circuit to display the temperature using RTD with
suitable Signal conditioning circuit for RTD.
Aim:
To design, a signal conditioning circuit for temperature measurement using RTD (Pt-100) and
calibrate for the range (25C to 75C) of given output specifications.
Apparatus/Components required:
Thermocouple sensor, Bread Board, Multimeter, Operational
Potentiometers and 5 Volts and 12 Volts Power Supplies
Amplifiers,
Resistors,
Theory:
RTD
Bridge
ckt
DC amplifier
Output
DC Excitation
Design Procedure
Relation between Temperature and RTD Resistance
-Measurement Temperature
- Reference Temperature
For platinum
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Circuit Diagram:
Page 10
Tabular Column:
Sl.
No
Temperature
0
In C
Practical Output
voltage
(Volts)
Theoretical
Output Voltage
(Volts)
Practical RTD
Resistance
(ohms)
Theoretical
RTD Resistance
(ohms)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Results:
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 11
Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1) A.K Sawhney, A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation,
DhanpatRai& Co. New Delhi, 19th Edition 2013.
Date: ____________
Page 12
Apparatus/Components required:
Thermocouple sensor, Bread Board, Multi meters, Operational Amplifiers, Resistors,
Potentiometers and 5Volts and 12 Volts Power Supplies
Theory:
THERMO
COUPLE
Instrumentation amplifier
Output
DC Excitation
Design Procedure
Step1:
Calculate thermocouple output voltage at25o C and 750 C using the following
formula:
e=K (TH -TC ) Where K=40V/ o C
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Circuit Diagram:
Page 14
Tabular Column:
SNo Temperature in 0C
Thermocouple
(mV)
voltage
Outputvoltage
(Volts)
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Applications:
Remarks :
1. What is Seebackeffect ?
2. What is Petlier effect?
3. What is active transducer and Passive transducer ?
4. How will you determine the Gain of the Amplifier?
References:
1) A.K Sawhney, A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation,
DhanpatRai& Co. New Delhi, 19th Edition 2013.
Page 16
Date: ____________
Rig up and test the circuit to display the load using load cell with
suitable signal conditioning circuits.
Aim:
To design, a signal conditioning circuit for weight measurement using strain gauge based LOAD
CELL (0 to 5Kg) to given output specifications.
Apparatus/Components required:
Load Cell, Bread Board, Multimeters, Operational Amplifiers, Resistors, Potentiometers and
5Volts and 12 Volts Power Supplies
Theory:
LOAD CELL
Bridge
Circuit
DC
amplifier
Output
DC Excitation
Design Procedure
No load voltage:
Full load voltage:
Difference amplifier gain:
Inverting amplifier gain:
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PROCEDURE:
1. Bridge output and Difference amplifier
a. First a unity gain amplifier is rigged up and output is checked for both inputs
at 5V.
b. Then the load cell leads are connected to the input and no load and full load
voltages are noted.
c. To get zero for no load, the gain is adjusted so that output is 0V
d. For full load condition, gain is adjusted for R2 to get 5V at output.
2. Inverting amplifier
A inverting amplifier of gain 10 is connected to get output from 0 to 5V
Circuit Diagram:
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Load (gm)
Voltage (v)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
Probable viva questions:
References:
1) A.K Sawhney, A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation,
DhanpatRai& Co. New Delhi, 19th Edition 2013.
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 19
Date: ____________
Apparatus/Components required:
Universal Process Control Trainer
Theory:
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Setuppreparation
Patch boardconnection:
Connect TT1toControllerAnalogInputNo. 4
ConnectControllerAnalogOutputno.3toSSR
ConnectcontrollerAnalogOutputno.1toI/P1
Connectcontrollerdigitaloutputno.3toSV2
ConnectFL1tocontrollerdigital inputNo.1
ConnectFL2tocontrollerdigital inputNo.2
EnsurePUMP1andCOMPis short.
Setupconfiguration
Ensurefreshwatersupplyis availableatsupplytank inletvalve(V11) Ensuredrain
Water pipeisconnected toHeatingTank(HTK)outlet
PROCEDURE:
1. ClickNextto runtheexperiment
2. OpenthecontrolvalveCV1byincreasingtheoutputOPCV
SwitchonPump1fromcontrol panel
to100%.
3. OpenthebypassvalveV10fully
4. AdjustOPCV tosetRotameter flowat50-60lph
5. TurnrotaryswitchHEATERon WSP module toONposition.
6. NotedefaultvaluesforPID modeSP=45,PB=50%,IT=25sec,DT=0sec
7. TurnrotaryswitchHEATER onWSP module toOFFposition
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Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
Probable viva questions:
References:
1. Curtis Johnson, D., Process Control Instrumentation Technology , Prentice Hall Of India,2003.
Page 22
Date: ____________
Apparatus/Components required:
Flow Process Station
Theory:
The process Setup Consists of supply tank fitted with pump for Water circulation. The flow
sensor is fitted orifice meter. The water flow to the process is controlled by Pneumatic control
valve. The process parameter is controlled through computer by manipulating water flow to the
process
DP Transmitter
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Orifice meter
: Material SS304
Rotameter
E/P Coverter
Control panel
off line
Procedure:
1. Start the system and run the software.
2. Select closed loop P mode of the controller keeping I & D effect to minimum.
3. Introduce a disturbance such that oscillation occurs( change the set point and vary Kp
simultaneously such that oscillation occurs with fixed frequency and amplitude)
P=Kpep+ KpkI e p dt+ kpkDd /dt(ep(t)) + pI(0)
4. If output is uncontrollable increase PB else decrease PB done until sustained oscillation
are obtained.
5. Save the graph, from the graph Tc and note down value of Kc with caused oscillations.
6. Applying Ziegler Nicholas method we find the parameter for PID mode (Kp, KI and KD).
Now choosing the PID controller apply the parameter values Kp, KI and KD obtained for
CALCULATIONS:
1) Kp= 0.6 Kc
2) TI=Tc/2 *100
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 24
Nature of graph
Plot the response of different controllers (Time Vs Temperature) using Excel
Observations:
1. Observe the response for different set points.
2. Select the parameter Kp, Ki & Kd for tuning
Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1. Curtis Johnson, D., Process Control Instrumentation Technology , Prentice Hall Of
India,2003.
Page 25
Date: ____________
Apparatus/Components required:
Level Process Station
Theory:
The process Setup Consists of supply tank fitted with pump for Water circulation. The flow
sensor is fitted orifice meter. The water flow to the process is controlled by Pneumatic control
valve. The process parameter is controlled through computer by manipulating water flow to the
process
I/P Converter
DAC
ADC
Level
Transmitter
Reservoir Tank
Pump
Control Valve
Level Tank
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E/P Converter: Input air 20 PSI, Current Signal 4 to 20 mA at +24 V DC, Outputpneumatic signal 3 to 15 PSI
Procedure:
1. Start the system and run the software.
2. Select closed loop P mode of the controller keeping I & D effect to minimum.
3. Introduce a disturbance such that oscillation occurs( change the set point and vary Kp
simultaneously such that oscillation occurs with fixed frequency and amplitude)
P=Kpep+ KpkI e p dt+ kpkDd /dt(ep(t)) + pI(0)
4. If output is uncontrollable increase PB else decrease PB done until sustained oscillation
are obtained.
5. Save the graph, from the graph Tc and note down value of Kc with caused oscillations.
6. Applying Ziegler Nicholas method we find the parameter for PID mode (Kp, KI and KD).
Now choosing the PID controller apply the parameter values Kp, KI and KD obtained for
Page 27
Kp= 0.6 Kc
TI=Tc/2 *100
KI=1/ TI
KD=Tc/8
Nature of graph
Plot the response of different controllers (Time Vs Temperature) using Excel
Observations:
1. Observe the response for different set points.
2. Select the parameter Kp, Ki & Kd for tuning
Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1. Curtis Johnson, D., Process Control Instrumentation Technology , Prentice Hall Of
India,2003.
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 28
Aim:
Date: ____________
To write a ladder logic sequence for bottle filling process using PLC
Apparatus/Components required:
PLC: ABB, PC, Software: AC 3 GRAF, Picosoft simulation software
Theory:
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24V DC POWER
SUPPLY
DELTA PLC
PROXIMITY
SENSOR
2 CHANNEL RELAY
MODULE
DELTA HMI
DELTA HMI
BOTTLE SET
UP
DC
MOTOR
SOLENOID
VALVE
LOGIC:
The bottle to be filled is placed on a circular platform which is moved with the help
of a motor.
A Proximity sensor detects the presence of the bottle below the top, sensed by metal
object below the bottle holders.
When the bottle is just under the top, proximity switch is activated, motor is stopped
and Solenoid is turned on for fluid flow.
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Once the fluid is reached up to the selected quantity of the bottle the relay activated to
turns off Solenoid and motor starts moving the circular platform for next sequence.
Also take into account the level of fluid in the overhead tank which is connected to
tap.
Using Master stop switch the entire process can be frozen irrespective of their stage
operations.
Procedure:
1. Switch on Main Electric Supply of the setup.
2. HMI display the Bottle Filling Process Using Delta PLC & HMI
3. Set the Value in station 0, 1,2 & 3 by using functional key Fo on HMI
For Ex: Set 100 ml in station 0 using Right arrow key then press Enter key & Pg
Dn key to select station 1,2 &3. Set the same quantity in each station by using same
procedure.
4. Set the on delay time to the Motor using F0 key. For Ex-50 seconds. Then press Enter
key & Pg Dn key on HMI.
5. Set the Filling Value time. Ex 50 seconds using FO key, Enter key & PgDn key.
6. After completing above procedure Press START switch from the front panel of the setup.
7. Filling starts each station (Bottles) & repeats the sequence continuously. The Green &
Orange lights indicate the filling sequence of operation.
8. Press Stopswitch to stop the process.
9. Repeat the steps 3 to 8 for new set quantity of liquid.
Note: Since the PLC operation is continuous & sequential, the bottle goes on filling
continuously for each rotation, the user should take care to avoid overflow of liquid by
stopping the process by using Stop button on front panel of the setup.
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Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1. John Webb, W, Ronald Reis, A.,: Programmable logic controllers principles andapplications,
3/e, Prentice hall Inc., New Jersey, 2003.
Page 32
Date: ____________
Apparatus/Components required:
Picosoft simulation software
THEORY:The PLC consists of input module, processor, programming device and output
module. The modern solution for the problem of how to provide discrete state control is to use a
computer based device called a programmable controller (PC) or programmable controller (PLC)
Processor: The processor is a computer that executes a perform the operations specific in a
ladder diagram or a set of Boolean equations. The processor performs arithmetic and logic
operations an input variable data and determines the proper state of the output variables.
The processor being a computer can only perform one operation at a time. Thus it must
sequentially sample each of the inputs, evaluate the ladder diagram program, provide each
output, and then repeat the whole process. The heart of a PLC is a microprocessor, much like the
ones used in modern personal computers.
Input Modules: The input modules examine the state of physical switches and other input devices
and put their state into a form suitable for the processor.
Output Modules: The output modules supply are power to external devices such as motors, light,
solenoids and soon just as received in a ladder diagram.
Procedure:
1. Open the Picosoft software from the start menu.
2. Select a new file.
3. Go to any block and press enter. A window will pop up. Select input, output and timer
clicking on I, O, T and c respectively and also choose the members for naming the inputs
and outputs.
4. Using this method, implement the ladder logic for the given problem and save the file.
5. Compile and Run the program.
6. An input and output window will pop up. Now change the inputs as required to see the
desired output.
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System On
I2
System Off
I3
Outputs
Q1
Q2
Q3
Timer/Counter
T1
T2
C1
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Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1. John Webb, W, Ronald Reis, A.,: Programmable logic controllers principles andapplications,
3/e, Prentice hall Inc., New Jersey, 2003.
Page 36
Date: ____________
Aim:
Apparatus/Components required:
Picosoft simulation software
THEORY:
The PLC consists of input module, processor, programming device and output module. The
modern solution for the problem of how to provide discrete state control is to use a computer
based device called a programmable controller (PC) or programmable controller (PLC)
Processor: The processor is a computer that executes a perform the operations specific in a
ladder diagram or a set of Boolean equations. The processor performs arithmetic and logic
operations an input variable data and determines the proper state of the output variables.
The processor being a computer can only perform one operation at a time. Thus it must
sequentially sample each of the inputs, evaluate the ladder diagram program, provide each
output, and then repeat the whole process. The heart of a PLC is a microprocessor, much like the
ones used in modern personal computers.
Input Modules: The input modules examine the state of physical switches and other input devices
and put their state into a form suitable for the processor.
Output Modules: The output modules supply are power to external devices such as motors, light,
solenoids and soon just as received in a ladder diagram.
Procedure:
1. Open the Picosoft software from the start menu.
2. Select a new file.
3. Go to any block and press enter. A window will pop up. Select input, output and timer
clicking on I, O, T and c respectively and also choose the members for naming the inputs
and outputs.
4. Using this method, implement the ladder logic for the given problem and save the file.
5. Compile and Run the program.
6. An input and output window will pop up. Now change the inputs as required to see the
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 37
Inputs
I1
System On
I2
System Off
I3
Up Switch
I3
Down Switch
Outputs
Q1
System ON
Q2
Up Motor
Q3
Down Motor
Page 38
Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1. John Webb, W, Ronald Reis, A.,: Programmable logic controllers principles andapplications,
3/e, Prentice hall Inc., New Jersey, 2003.
Page 39
Date: ____________
Software required:
LabVIEW software
THEORY:
LabVIEW stands for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench. It is a graphical
programming language from National Instruments. LabVIEW programs are called virtual
instruments (VIs). Each VI has 2 representations: a block diagram and a front panel. Each VI in
turn can contain sub-VIs and other structures. Controls and indicators on the front panel allow an
operator to input data into or extract data from a running virtual instrument. The graphical code
is compiled, rather than interpreted. Compilation is done on-the-fly, as the graphical code of a VI
is being edited. The generated code is somewhat slower than equivalent compiled C code.
However, this is considered a small price to pay for the increased productivity offered by the
unique patented graphical code design system.
SOFTWARE SET UP --
Initial procedure
1. LabVIEW7.1 can get launched by double clicking on the National Instruments LabVIEW
7.1 Embedded Edition (Start->All Programs-> National Instruments LabVIEW 7.1
Embedded Edition)
2. The next step is to choose Execution Target as LabVIEW for Windows.
3. To create a new VI, click New and then select Blank VI
4. As a result, two blank windows will appear which form the basic elements of a LabVIEW
application also called Virtual Instrument (VI) as shown in Fig.1. The gray color window
is called the Front Panel. It is the place where the Graphical User Interface (GUI) is built.
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the palette.
6. After completing the block diagram a structure should be added to make the program run
continuously. Generally a While Loop is added to the VI by going to the Structures subpalette
LabVIEW are discussed below. The While Loop is placed around the blocks which
require continuous execution. After placing the While loop, a Stop button should appear
wired to the conditional terminal of the loop. It will also appear on the front panel. This
button is used to abort execution of the VI while it is running.
7. To run the VI, click on the run button
Diagram.
8. Stop running the program by clicking the stop button in the Front Panel window.
Figure 1: Front Panel (Dark window) and Block Diagram (White window) in LabVIEW
And Using Function Palette to insert objects in the Block Diagram Window
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 41
Procedure:
It Has one or more sub diagrams, or cases, exactly one of which executes when the
structure executes. The value wired to the selector terminal determines which case to execute and
can be Boolean, string, integer, or enumerated type. Right-click the structure border to add or
delete cases. Use the Labeling tool to enter value(s) in the case selector label and configure the
value(s) handled by each case.
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Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
Page 43
References:
1. Thomas Bress Effective LabVIEW Programming, NTS Press. 2013.
Page 44
Date: ____________
Software required:
LabVIEW software
Procedure:
Not Or
Greater Or Equal?
Returns TRUE if x is greater than or equal to y. Otherwise, this function returns FALSE. You can
compare an array or cluster of a data type to a scalar of the same data type and produce an
array or cluster of Boolean values. The connector pane displays the default data types for this
polymorphic function.
Greater Or Equal?
x and y must be of the same type.
x >= y? returns the Boolean result of the operation.
Page 45
Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
EIE Dept., Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Bengaluru
Page 46
References:
1. Thomas BressEffective LabVIEW Programming, NTS Press.2013.
Page 47
Date: ____________
Software required:
LabVIEW software
Procedure:
In order to be able to see the shape of the input signal in time, one will have to use waveform
graphs. To set up a basic time-domain display using a Waveform Chart, go to the Front Panel
and right-click on it to bring up the Controls palette.
From the Graph sub-palette
the Front Panel. Double-click on it and change the label If you go to the Block Diagram window,
you should notice that there should be icons corresponding to the Waveform Graphs inserted in
the Front Panel window.
Next in the Block Diagram window, place an EMB Sine Waveform
Express VI located on
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While Loop executes a sub-diagram until a condition is met or stop button is pressed. One can
connect a conditional input. The While Loop executes the sub-diagram until the conditional
terminal, an input terminal, receives a specific value. The iteration terminal
(an output
terminal) contains the number of completed iterations. The iteration count always starts at zero.
For Loop executes a sub-diagram a set number of times. The value in the count terminal
(input terminal) represented by
Page 50
Results:
Applications:
Remarks :
References:
1. Thomas Bress Effective LabVIEW Programming, NTS Press. 2013.
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