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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

A REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirement for the award of the degree
Of
B. TECH.
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By

ABHISHEK BABOO
(Enroll.no-APG10910513002)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AP GOYAL SHIMLA UNIVERSITY
SHIMLA-171009 (INDIA)
JUNE, 2016
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AutoCAD

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ACKNO
WLEDGEMENTS

I owe a debt of gratitude to Mrs.KRITIKA SHARMA Designing head, Computec

Professional Institute, Delhi, for the vision and

foresight which inspired me to

convience this project.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Sunil Thakur, Associate Professor,
Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, AP Goyal Shimla University,
Shimla. Their support and valuable suggestions from time to time helped me a lot in
this dissertation work.
I would like to express my sincere thank to all the faculty members and non-teaching
staff of Mechanical Engineering Department, Computec professional institute, Delhi
as well as AP Goyal Shimla University for availing me all the necessary facilities and
co-operation for this work.
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Finally, I take this opportunity to acknowledge the service of the teaching and non
teachning faculty of Computec Professional institute and everyone who collaborated
in producing this work. I find it hard to express my gratefulness to the Almighty in
words for bestowing upon me his deepest blessings and providing me with the most
wonderful opportunity in the form of life of a human being.
(ABHISHEK BABOO)

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this training was for partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the degree of B-Tech course in Mechanical
Enginnering and to enhance the knowlodge and skills on the design and
drafting field of the machine. This report is about the AutoCAD, which is the
drafting software and it consist of different basic and normal commands
used for Two-Dimensional drafting as well as Three-Dimensional Drafting.
This report also cover all the uses of the AutoCAD and it also consist the
some drawing drafted on the AutoCAD. This training report provide the
valuable information regrding the guideline for the AutoCAD software. The
most important things or the factor on the engineering design is the
precession. So the basic drafting of any poject or any object must be precise
and must not consume more time. Thus the AutoCAD was design to solve
these prevalent issues of Drafting as well as Design. So that we can get the
precission and time saving and smooth drafting. The main intrest of this
report is to explore the importance of the AutoCAD on the field of Design &
Drafting.

ABHISHEK BABOO

AutoCAD

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TITLE

Page No.

CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
CHAPTER 2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
CHAPTER 4

INTRODUCTION
COMPUTEC PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE
Benefits of Computec professional institute
Introduction to design and drafting
AutoCAD
CAD
Design cycle
Option in menu bar
Function key
Filling information
GUI: Graphical User Interface
SOME BASIC COMMAND
New
Open
Save
Save as
Close
File transfer protocol
Move
Drawing units
Copy

COORDINATES SYSTEM USED IN AUTOCAD

Absolute coordinates system
Relative rectangular coordinates system
Relative polar coordinates system
OTHER IMPORTANT COMMAND USED FOR

2
3
4
5
9
11-15
11
11
11
11
11
12
13
14
14
15
16-19
16
16
16
16
16
17
18
18
19

19-22
19
21
22
22-32

DRAFTING
4.1

4.3

Circle
4.1.1 Centre radius circle
4.1.2 Two point radius circle
4.1.3 Two tangent radius circle
Rectangle
4.2.1 Chamfer
4.2.1 Elevation
4.2.2 Fillet
4.2.3 Thickness
Ellipse

22
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
25
25

4.4

Arc and its type

25

4.5

Isometric view

27

4.6

Polygon

28

4.6.1 Inscribed

28

4.2

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INTRODUCTION
About COMPUTEC PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE :It is DELHIS no. 1 Designing software centre.
There are many more centers in DELHI.
It is ISO -9001 2008 Certifited institute
Auto is logo of (U.S.A.) Auto Desk Company. This company made AutoCAD in
December 1982 and breaks India ltd. Company used this software first time in 1985.
First AutoCAD center was in Chennai.
AutoCAD: Computer Aided Drafting.
CAD: Computer Aided Designing.
CAE: Computer Aided Engineering.
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing.
Benefits if Computec professional institute :
It provides us study material.
It provides us theory classes.
It provides us practical classes.
It provide us internationally valid certificate.
Different between drafting and designing:
Drafting: Without the help of stress-strain, physical and mechanical properties when
we draw any drawing is called drafting.
Designing: With the help of stress-strain, physical and mechanical properties when we
create any model is known as designing.
AutoCAD: It is a most popular tool or software used for 2D drafting. But in case of
some small scape industries it is also used for 3D modeling.
CAD: Computer Aided Drafting
It is used to assist in creation of new design or modification of existing one with the
help of computer is called as CAD.

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Design Cycle

Need

Set Of Problem

Set Of Solutions

Choice

CAD

2D Drawing (AutoCaD)
3D Modeling (3Ds Max,
Testing (Stad pro.)
Planning (Primavera)

Production

Fig no:-1

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Option in menu bar: File

Edit
View
Insert
Format
Tool
Draw
Dimension

Modify

Parametric
Window
Help
Express
The screenshot of the menu bar is shown below:Menu Bar

Fig no:- 2

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Function Keys:F1:-

Online help

F2:- Command window on and off

F3:- OSNAP on and off
F4:- Table on and off
F5:- Switches among isometric views top, right and left
F6:- Co-ordinates on and off
F7:- Grid on and off
F8:- Ortho on and off
F9:- Snap on and off
F10:- Polar tracking on and off
F11:- Object snap tracking on and off
F12:- Dynamic input on and off
Filling information:All drawing are saved as *dwg format.
Drawing tampletes:Civil
Acad
Mechanical
acadiso
Measurement system:
Imperical
(inches)
matric
(mm)
Sheet size:
129
420297

AutoCAD

AutoCAD

NEW:ctrl+n
Menu filenew
Write in command prompt area
OPEN :ctrl+o
Menufileopen
Write in command prompt area :-Open
To save the page.
SAVE :ctrl+s
Menufilesave
Write on command prompt area
If we change in project after save it, change will save automatically to saved
project.
SAVE AS :ctrl+shift+s
Menufilesave as
If we change in project after save as, there is no change I our saved project.
CLOSE :menu window close, To close a project.
CLOSE ALL :- menuwindowclose all

Fig no:-4

To close all projects in one time.

AutoCAD

FTP:file transfer protocol.

MOVE :m
Move
menumodifymove
First select move, then select objects, then press ENTER and select pick point,
then move object.
In command prompt area
Select object :Specify a base point or [Displavement]:Specify second point <use first as a displacement>

Fig no:-5

AutoCAD

Drawing Units: un
Menuformetunit

Fig no:-6
If we select clockwise angle varies in clockwise direction.
Eastin this option 0 angle starts from east direction.
Otherin this option we can 0 angle at any angle.
Insertion scaleto change units.
COPY:co
MenuEdit copy
When in command prompt area
Select object:
Specify base object or[displacement]:
Specify second point or<use first as displacement>:
First select copy, then select objects, then press ENTER and select pick point,
then paste object.
Copy with base point:- Menu File Copy with base

AutoCAD

Paste:Menu file paste

Paste as block:- Menu file paste as block
Object becomes block while pasting.
Paste to original: Menu file paste original
While paste in other page, co-ordinates of object remain same.
Paste special: Menu file paste special
To paste special file like paint file, word file etc.
Type of Co-ordinate System used in AutoCAD:There are 3 type of Co-ordinate system used in AutoCAD:
1. Absolute Co-ordinate system
2. Relative Rectangular Co-ordinate system
3. Relative Polar Co-ordinate system

COMMANDS IN AUTOCAD:-

LINE: L
Line
Menu draw line
Toolbar palettes tool palettes draw line
Line commands allow us to create lines.
Command: _line
Specify first point: here we give a point with different methods.
Specify next point or { undo}: here we gives next point of line.
Specify next point or {close/undo}: we can give other point or close.
CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS
1. Absolute Co-ordinate system:
In this system we gives values in X & Y from origin.
Conditions:
Origin is always fixed.
In case of closed object starting point and end point is same.

AutoCAD

Example:
command: _ line
Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point or [undo]:-3,0
Specify next point or [undo]: 7,5
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 11,0
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 14,0
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 9,0
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 14,14
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 11,14
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 7,9
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 3,14
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 0,14
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 5,7
Specify next point or [close/undo]: 0,0 or c

Fig no:-7
AutoCAD

2. Relative Rectangular Co-ordinate System:In this system previous point is considered as 0,0.
Example:command:- line
Specify first point:0,0
Specify next point or [undo]:@100,0
Specify next point or [undo]:@0,20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@20,10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@0,20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@20,10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@0,20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,0
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-10,20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-10,-20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,0
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-10,20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-10,-20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,0
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@0,-20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,-10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@20,-10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@0,-20
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@-20,-10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@20,-10
Specify next point or [close/undo]:@0,-20

Fig no:-8
AutoCAD

3. Relative Polar Co-ordinate System:

In relative polar co-ordinate system we use only distance and angle.
Example:Specify first point: 0,0 or select point anywhere on drawing area.
Specify next point or [undo]:@30<0
Specify next point or [undo]: @30<300
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<60
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<0
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<120
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<60
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<180
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<120
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<240
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<180
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<300
Specify next point or [close/undo]: @30<240

Fig no:-9
CIRCLE: c
Circle
AutoCAD

Menu draw circle

Circle has six types :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Center radius
Center diameter
2p
3p
ttr (tangent, tangent, radius)
ttt (tangent, tangent, tangent).

Command:circle
Specify center point for circle or [3p, 3p, ttr]:
Command prompt area does not show option of TTT, we take this option from
Menu circle ttt.
In case of centre-radius, we gives a centre point and radius. In case of centrediameter, we gives a centre point and diameter.

Fig no:-10
In case of 2p we gives two points on its circumference and in 3p we give three points
on circumference to circle.

Fig nos:-11

AutoCAD

TTR type of circle used when need to draw circle between two tangents lines, these
tangent lines touch the circumference of the circle. With the help of TTT option we
can draw circle tangent to three entities.

Fig no:-12
Rectangle:-

rec
Menu draw Rectangle
Option in rectangle command: [chamfer/elevation/fillet/thickness/rotate]
Chamfer:First select this command and give forest distance d1 and second distance d2.

Fig no:-13
Elevation:To give above distance from other objects. We cant see this distance from top
view. So we have to change view.

AutoCAD

 Fillet:This option is used to provide round edges to object according to diameter

given.

Fig nos:-14
Thickness:This command is used to draw 3d rectangle. [Area/Dimension/Rotation]
Ellipse :el

Ellipse
Menudrawellipse
Options in ellipse command:
[arc/canter]

Fig no:-15
ARC:a
Arc
Menudraware
Arc works in anticlockwise direction. If starts point is at right side and end point
is at left side then direction of arc becomes upward, and if start point is at left side then
direction of arc becomes downward

AutoCAD

.
Fig no:- 16

Continue arc

There are 11 types of arc.

3 points.
Start center end.
Start centre angle.
Start center length (chord length).
Start end direction.
Start end angle.
Start end radius.
Center start end.
Center start angle.
Center start length.
Continue arc.

AutoCAD

Fig no:-17

Isometric views
It is used to show the objects in 3d which are actually in 2d
Isometric views has 3 planes & they all work in 3 angles
Top : 30,150
Left : 90, 150
Right : 30, 90
Plane of isometric views is changed from function key F5
When we set isometric on snap ISOCIRCLE command is added into ellipse .

AutoCAD

Fig no:-18
Polygon:pol
polygon
MenuDrawPolygon
Polygon becomes in imaginary circle
Polygon is of two types:[inscribed/circumscribed]
Inscribed:In this option polygon becomes inside of circle.
Circumscribed:In this option polygon becomes outside of circle.
AutoCAD

Minimum sides of polygon:3.

Maximum sides of polygon:1024.

{INSCRIBED}

Fig no:- 19

{CIRCIMSCRIBED}

ERASE:erase
E
Menu modify erase
We can delete selected object with help of erase command.
OOPS:oops
This command is used to restore last deleted object.
UNDO:u
Ctrl + z
Menu edit undo
This command is used to back up steps.

REDO:redo
Ctrl + y
This command is opposite to undo. We can restore steps with help of object.
Object selection method :1. Top to bottom (left to right) :- This method selects only only selected part
object.
2. Bottom to top (right to left) :- This method selects all object although we select
little part of object.
ROTATE:AutoCAD

ro
rotate
Menu Modify Rotate
This command is used for rotate the object, it gives us two options [copy/reference]
copy: original object remain same and copy of that object make at given angle.
reference: To move original object to given angle.

COPY

Fig no:- 20

REFERENCE

SCALE:-

sc
Scale
Menumodifyscale
This command is used to change size of object.
MIRROR:mi
Mirror
Menumodifymirror
In command prompt area
Select object :Specify first point mirror line:
Spccify second point of mirror line:
Erase source object?[Yes/No]:
We can mirror text also.
Write MIRRTEXT in command prompt area and enter value 0 or 1.

AutoCAD

Fig no:-21
BREAK:br
Break
Menumodifybreak
Select two points of linear object to break.

Fig no:-22
BREAK AT POINT:To break object from any point.
Join:j
Join:
This command join only two linear points. In case of arc, if we draw arc we can
change arc in circle by enter C after entering join command.
Zoom:Z
A All
AutoCAD

F Fit to screen
D Dynamic
P Previous
S Scale
W Window
Regeneration:Re
This command is used to regain the original shape and look of object.
Layers:la
Layers are used to represent the components of an object with different colour
line type etc.
Menubar > Format > Layers
New Layer:
Layer name > Dimensions > Continue

Fig no:-23

Block:b
It has one pick point. There are 3 cases:1. Retain: drawings do not changes
2. Convert to block: converted to block
3. Delete: drawing deleted
AutoCAD

Fig no:-24
Array:ar
Array
Menumodifyarray

Fig no:-25
Limit of array is (max. Rows & columns) = 32767
Rectangular array :In this first we set no. o rows and coiumns then select object and set row and
column offset and give angle to object.
Polar array :AutoCAD

Here we can set position of X,Y co-ordinates then select object and then select
option methods and values.

Rectangular array
100,000 elements can be created.

fig nos:-26

Polar array

Fig no:-27. Array of the hexagonal nut.

Stretch:- s
Stretch
Menumodifystretch
We can stretch object with help of this command. First select stretch command then
select area to stretch and then click on grip and stretch that end of object, and for select
two or more grips press shift key. One end of object should be fix.

Selected portion to stretch

Fig no:-28

stretched object
AutoCAD

Solid:so
Solid
By use of this command object appears solid. To make solid object select all
points of object.

Donut:do
Donut
Menudrawdonut

Fig no:-29 Donut

Fill :fill
[On/Off] if fill is off then SOLID,DONUT etc. dose not show color in it.
Text: Single line text or text.
Multiline line text.
TEXT STYLE :-st

t
TEXT SCALE:-sc

AutoCAD

Fig no:-30
Table:tb
Table
TABLE STYLE:-

Fig no:-31
Fillet:f
Fillet
Menu modifyfillet
AutoCAD

Fig no:-32
Chamfer :cha

chamfer

Area:area
Aa
Menu tool inquiry area
List:li
List
Menutoolinquirylist
This command give us information all about objeject.

Hatching:h
Hatch
AutoCAD

Menudrawhatching

Fig no:-33

Gradient:gradient
AutoCAD

Menudrawgradient

Fig no:-34

AutoCAD

Extend:ex
Extend

Fig nos:-35
Calculator:cal
calculator
Quick calculator:qc Ctrl+8

Fig no:-36
AutoCAD

Offset:o
Offset
Menu modify offset
Option in offset command : [through/erase/undo]

Offset of line
Offset of rectangle
Taskbar:Write it in command prompt area
This command is used to see all windiws at taskbar.

offset of circle

Dimension style:D
Dst
Menu dimension dimstyle
Menu format dimension style
By default dimension style in Auto CAD is standered (iso ISO-25)

Fig no:-37

AutoCAD

Ploting:Ctrl+P
Ploot area:Print style:- coloured
New: start nametable view
Plot in background:Plot stamp:- Date & time, name
A view on one sheet
insert layout
view viewpart

Fig no:-38

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Some Isometric Drawing

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Fig no:- 3.80

AutoCAD

Some Isometric Drawing

Fig nos:- 3.90

AutoCAD

Conclusions

Well, for the moment we arrived at the end of this course,

clearly the AutoCAD not end there, there would be lots more to
explain more about the design in 2D, but what about the basic topics
on which we have to practicing a lot and once we master we will be
able to create and print our designs using this program.
Practice a lot with the commands we have learned, try then to
create something more elaborate, such as plant, a furnished room or
a technical drawing of an object, a brand etc. According to our
preferences and needs, we can draw in AutoCAD just about anything.
When we start the design calculate from the outset the scale
factor with which they print, and scale the size of the template, the
text and basic dimensions in according to this and the paper size we
wish to use.
Attempts to draw the tables that are easy to understand and
generally follow the rules that use hand drawing. we noted that
AutoCAD is only tool, we can compare it to know how to use pencile
and setsquares, and clearly does not draw on its own.
With this course i hope to have transmitted the use of basic
commands, through the commands, through the combination of
which will accquire the ability to put into digital form (that in the
case of CAD drawing is called vectorial format), what in theory
would be able to draw on paper, but using the advantages that use
of the computer makes available to us.
From this starting point, we can deepen more the potential of
AutoCAD and manage even very complex designs, and then perhaps
move to 3D design and three-dimensional graphics.

AutoCAD