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Cng ty Hi Ho
V k thut
vi AutoCAD 2002
H ni 2003
Cng ty Hi ho
V k thut
vi autocad 2002
Dng cho o to AutoCAD 2002. Chng tr nh o c bn
14 ng y, cho cc i tng hc vin l k s, cn b, cng
nh n vin k thu t, thuc cc ng nh x y dng, ki n trc,
giao thng, thu li, i n, nc...
H ni 2003
Mc lc
1.
Nhp mn
1.1. Tnh tin ch ca AutoCAD
1.2. Giao din ca AutotCAD
1.3. Menu v Toolbar ca AutoCAD
1.3.1. Menu Bar
1.3.2. Toolbar
1.3.3. Cc phm nng trong AutoCAD
1.4. Cc lnh thit lp bn v
1.4.1. Lnh NEW khi to mt bn v mi
1.4.2. Lnh OPEN m tp bn v hin c
1.4.3. Lnh SAVE, SAVEAS lu bn v ln a
1.4.4. Lnh QUIT thot khi AutoCAD
1.4.5. Lnh UNITS (DDUNITS) t n v cho bn v
1.4.6. Lnh LIMITS t v iu chnh vng v
1.4.7. Lnh GRID t cc im to li cho bn v
1.4.8. Lnh SNAP to bc nhy cho con tr
1.4.9. Cc phng php nhp to im
1.4.10. Lnh OSNAP tr gip truy tm i tng
1.4.11. Lnh ORTHO t ch v trc giao
2.
Cc lnh v c bn
2.1. Lnh LINE v cc on thng
2.2. Lnh CIRCLE v hnh trn
2.3. Lnh ARC v cung trn
2.4. Lnh ELLIPSE v elip hoc mt cung elip
2.5. Lnh PLINE v ng a tuyn
2.6. Lnh POLYGON v a gic u
2.7. Lnh RECTANG v hnh ch nht
2.8. Lnh SPLINE v ng cong
2.9. Lnh POINT v mt im trn mn hnh
2.10. Lnh DDPTYPE chn kiu v kch thc cho im v
2.11. Lnh ERASE xo i tng la chn khi bn v
2.12. Lnh TRIM xn mt phn i tng
2.13. Lnh BREAK xo mt phn i tng
2.14. Lnh EXTEND ko di i tng n mt ng bin xc nh
2.15. Lnh LENGTHEN thay i chiu di i tng
2.16. Lnh CHAMFER lm vt mt i tng
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3.
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Cc lnh lm vic vi lp
3.10.
3.11.
3.12.
3.13.
4.
Lnh LAYER to lp mi
Lnh LINETYPE to, np, t kiu ng
Lnh LTSCALE hiu chnh t l ng nt
Lnh PROPERTIES thay i thuc tnh
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Cc lnh v k hiu mt ct
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
Mt ct v hnh ct
Trnh t v hnh ct, mt ct
Lnh FILL bt tt ch in y i tng
Lnh BHATCH v k hiu vt liu trong mt ct
Lnh HATCH v k hiu vt liu trong mt ct thng qua ca s lnh
Lnh HATCHEDIT hiu chnh mt ct
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Cc lnh v v to hnh
4.13.
4.14.
4.15.
4.16.
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100
4.17.
4.18.
4.19.
4.20.
4.21.
4.22.
4.23.
4.24.
4.25.
5.
6.
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6.11.
6.12.
6.13.
6.14.
6.15.
6.16.
6.17.
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Cc lnh iu khin my in
7.9. Lnh LAYOUT nh dng trang in
7.9.1. Trang Plot Device
7.9.2. Trang Layout Settings
7.10. Lnh PLOT xut bn v ra giy
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Li kt
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Bi tp thc hnh
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Nhp mn
1.1. T nh ti n ch ca AUTOCAD
CAD l ch vit tt ca cm t ting Anh Computer Aided Desingn. Hin nay thut ng
CAD ngy cng tr nn ph bin trong k thut ni chung v trong ngnh xy dng ni
ring. N to ra mt phng php thit k mi cho cc kin trc s v k s xy dng.
Trong ting Vit n c ngha l thit k trn my tnh hay cng c th gi l thit k vi
s h tr cu my tnh.
Vic thit k trn my vi tnh gip cho bn c th ln c nhiu phng n trong mt
thi gian ngn v sa i bn v mt cc nhanh chng v d dng hn rt nhiu so vi
cch lm th cng. Ngoi ra bn c th tra hi cc din tch, khong cch...trc tip trn
my.
AutoCAD l mt phn mn thit k trn my vi tnh c nhn c s dng tng i
rng ri trong cc ngnh :
Thit k kin trc - xy dng v trang tr ni tht.
Thit k h thng in, nc.
Thit k c kh, ch to my.
Thit k h thng chiu sng cho cc cng trnh vn ho nh trong cc rp chiu
phim, nh ht...
Thit lp h thng bn .
Ti Vit Nam AUTOCAD tng c bit n t trn 10 nm tr li y. Tnh tin ch
ca n ngy cng chinh phc c ng o i ng cc k s, kin trc s thuc
nhiu n v, ngnh ngh khc nhau trong c nc. Cho n nay mc d cc ng dng
ho phc v vic vic v v thit k k thut xut hin thm nhiu chng trnh mi,
c giao din hoc mt s tnh nng k thut rt ni tri, song xt v ton cc, tht kh c
chng trnh no vt hn c AUTOCAD . Ngy nay AUTOCAD tht s tr thnh
mt b phn khng th thiu c i vi rt nhiu n v thit k, thm k xy dng.
Vic v v xut bn v t AUTOCAD tr thnh iu ng nhin nu khng ni l
bt buc i vi hu ht cc h s thit k cng trnh.
Phin bn AutoCAD 2002
Mi phin bn ca AutoCAD li km theo nhng c im mi, nhng ci tin v b
xung tin ch mi. Nhn xt vi 03 phin bn gn y nht l AutoCAD 14; AutoCAD
2000 v AutoCAD 2002 cho thy :
Phin bn AutoCAD 2000 so vi AutoCAD 14 c s thay i ln v giao
din. T ch ch c th m tng ti liu (Single Document), chuyn sang ch
cho php m nhiu ti liu cng lc ( Multiple Document). Ch thu phng
hnh linh hot thay cho ch thu phng thng qua hp cng c (hoc dng
lnh)...
AutoCAD 2002 k tha cc tnh nng u vit ca AutoCAD 2000 v cung cp
thm nhiu cng c thit k; cc c tnh; cc tiu chun; h tr mnh m vic
chia s v tch hp thng tin...
Tuy nhin cng nh cc hng phn mm ln khc, vic pht trin cho ra i cc phin
bn tip sau bao gi cng l s pht trin, k tha nhng tinh hoa t phin bn trc do
vy xt trn phng din ngi dng th cng phin bn sau chng trnh cng tr nn
d s dng; tnh nng cng mnh m hn v cng gip cho vic thit k tr nn nhanh
chng, d dng v hiu qu hn.
Cc i hi v c u h nh
AutoCAD 2002 yu cu cn c mi trng h iu hnh l Windows 98; Windows ME;
Windows 2000; Windows XP... vi cu hnh my ti thiu l Pentium 233 (hoc tng
ng), 64MB Ram; b hin th Video c phn gii 800600 ch mu ti thiu l
256 mu.
1.2. Giao di n ca AutoCAD
Sau khi khi ng AutoCAD s xut hin mn hnh lm vic ca AutoCAD . Ton b
khung mn hnh c th c chia lm 4 vng :
Vng III
Vng I
Vng IV
Vng II
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Vng I
Chim phn ln din tch mn hnh. Vng ny cng th hin bn v m bn s thc hin
v c gi l vng Graphic (phn mn hnh dnh cho ho). Trong sut qu trnh v trn
vng ho xut hin hai si tc (Crosshairs) giao nhau, mt si hng theo phng trc
X mt hng theo phng trc Y. Khi ta di chuyn chut si tc cungc chuyn ng theo
v dng nhc cui mn hnh (vng II) s hin th to giao im ca hai si tc (cng
chnh l to con tr chut).
Vng II
Ch dng trng thi (dng tnh trng - Status line). y xut hin mt s thng s v chc
nng ca bn v (Status Bar). Cc Status Bar ny va l cc thng bo v trng thi (chn
hoc khng chn), va l hp chn (khi bm chut vo y trng thi s c chuyn
ngc li). V d khi ch bt im (SNAP) ang l ON, nu ta bm chut vo ch
SNAP trn dng trng thi th ch bt im (SNAP) s c chuyn thnh OFF.
Vng III
Vng gm cc menu lnh v cc thanh cng c. Mi Menu hay mi nt hnh tng trn
thanh cng c tng ng vi mt lnh ca AutoCAD , s c gii thiu k hn mc 1.3.
Vng IV
Vng dng lnh (Dng nhc). Khi bn nhp lnh vo t bn phm hoc gi lnh t Menu
th cu lnh s hin th sau t Command:
Lm vic vi AutoCAD l mt qu trnh hi thoi vi my, do bn phi thng xuyn
quan st dng lnh trong AutoCAD c th kim tra xem lnh nhp hoc gi ng
cha.
(cch vit rt gn). Tuy nhin t n trnh cn c thi gian rn luyn, lm quen
vi cc lnh v dn tin ti vic nh tn, nh phm tt ca lnh .v.v...
Minh ho
Chc nng
File Menu
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Menu Edit
Menu View
Menu Insert
10
Menu Format
Menu Tools
11
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Menu Draw
Menu Dimension
12
Menu Modify
Menu Windows
10
11
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
13
1.3.2. Toolbar
AutoCAD 2002 c tt c 24 thanh Toolbar. mi hp chn (Toolbox) li lin quan n mt
lnh hoc chc nng c th no ca mi trng CAD. gi Toolbar no c th thc
hin nh sau :
Chn Menu View - Toolbars...
s xut hin hp thoi hnh 1.2. T hp thoi ny nu mun Toolbar no c hin th
ch vic bm chut ln hp chn (bn tri) tn ca Toolbar . Sau khi Toobar c
hin s thy xut hin du chn bn cnh tn Toolbar , nu mun thi hin th ch vic
bm li vo hp chn l c.
Vic s dng cc hp cng c (Toolbox) t cc Toolbar thc hin cc lnh AutoCAD
ni chung l kh nhanh v tin dng. Cc hp cng c li c thit k theo dng ho
kh trc quan, khi di chuyn con tr chut ln phn mn hnh ca hp cng c, cn thy
xut hin li nhc (Tooltip) cho bit y l hp cng c g, do vy vic s dng toolbar li
cng tr nn trc quan v tin dng. Tuy vy nu trn mn hnh ca AutoCAD ta cho hin
tt c 24 Toolbar th phn mn hnh s tr nn ri, rt kh quan st, tc thc hin lnh
cng s b chm hn do vy ngi ta thng ch cho hin nhng Toolbar cn thit nht,
hay c s dng nht m thi.
14
Standard :
Draw :
Modify :
Object Properties :
Dimension :
L nh lin quan
F1
F2
F3 (ho c Ctrl - F)
Tt m ch truy bt im (Osnap)
F4 (ho c Ctrl - E)
F6 (ho c Ctrl - D)
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
15
F7 (ho c Ctrl - G)
F8 (ho c Ctrl - L)
F9 (ho c Ctrl - B)
Ctrl - 1
Ctrl - 2
Ctrl - A
Ctrl - C
Ctrl - J
Ctrl - K
Ctrl - N
Ctrl - O
Ctrl - P
Ctrl - S
Ctrl - V
Dn ni dung t Clipboard vo bn v
Ctrl - X
Ctrl - Y
Ctrl - Z
Enter (Spacebar)
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ESC
1.4. Cc l nh thi t lp bn v
1.4.1. L nh NEW
Khi to mt bn v mi
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T File menu, chn New
Ti dng lnh, nhp New
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Create New Drawing
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
17
Use a Wizard
Nu bn mun thit lp bn v bng cch dng hp hi thoi, hy chn Use a
Wizard . Bn c th chn Quick Setup hoc Advanced Setup ti Select a Wizard
Quick Setup. Chn Quick Setup thit lp vng bn v (Xem lnh Limits),
thay i cc n v di c chnh xc theo mun (Xem lnh Units)
Advanced Setup. Chn Advanced Setup thit lp vng bn v (Xem lnh
Limits), thay i n v di (Xem lnh Units), n v gc, hng ca gc v
bn cng c th thit lp nt c trng ca mt bn v c s.
Use a Template
Nu bn bt u mt bn v da trn bn v c s, chn Use a Template.
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1.4.2. L nh OPEN
M tp bn v hin c
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T File menu, chn Open
Ti dng lnh, nhp Open
Nu bn v hin ti khng c ghi vo a, AutoCAD s hin th mt hp hi
thoi Select File, do bn c th ghi bn v hin ti trc khi m bn v mi.
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
20
t h n v cho bn v
AutoCAD cho php chn la h n v o (s v gc) tu thuc vo mun ca ngi
dng. Lnh Units cho php thit lp h n v o cho bn v.
C php:
command:units
Lnh ny gi n hp thoi c dng sau :
21
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
H nh 1.8 - La chn n v v.
Dng th hin n v di (Length)
nh dng s hc (Type)
C 5 kiu nh dng s hc :
1. Architectural (dng kin trc) 1' - 31/2''
2. Decimal (dng thp phn) 15.50
3. Engineering ( dng k thut) 1' - 3,50"
4. Fractional (dng phn s)
5. Scientific (dng khoa hc) 1.55E + 01
Ngi s dng c th chn mt trong cc kiu th hin trn bng cch bm chn t bng
danh sch.
chnh xc thp phn (Precision)
Thng qua bng danh sch Precision ngi s dng c th nh kiu th hin cho cc bin
s c bao nhiu ch s c ngha sau du phy ( c th chn t 0 n 8 ch s sau du
phy). Nu chn nh ang th hin trn hp thoi hnh 1.8 th cc s liu dng s khi th
hin ra mn hnh s cha 04 ch s sau du phy.
Dng gc (Angle)
Kiu th hin (Type)
C 5 kiu nh dng s liu nhp gc l :
1 - Dicimal degrees (dng thp phn) 45.0000
2 - Deg/Min/ Sec (dng /pht/giy) 45d0'0"
3 - Grads (dng grad) 50.0000g
4 - Radians (dng radian) 0.7854r
5 - Surveyor's Units (n v trc a) N 45d0'0" E
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Gii thch
Ch c
v pht
pht v giy
n phn l ca giy
Hin th
150d
150d10'
150d 10' 12''
150d 10' 12.3''
Chn n v tnh khi chn Block (Drawing units for Design Center blocks)
n v tnh ny s c s dng tnh ton t l khi chn cc khi t bn ngoi vo bn v
hin ti. Nu la chn n v tnh qu ln hoc qu b th khi chn vo c th s l qu b
23
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
1.4.6.
L nh LIMITS
t v iu chnh vng bn v
Gii hn vng bn v c qui nh bi:
+ Phn din tnh v cng trnh
+ Phn trng dnh cho vic ghi ch gii
+ Phn dnh cho khung tn v khung bn v
Bn c th nh ngha ln ca mt bn v cho ton b phn din tch v th hin trn
mn hnh, bn cng c th th hin nhiu bn v trong cng mt mn hnh trn phn din
tch v c nh ngha thng qua lnh Limits. Bn c th gi lnh ny theo hai cch:
T Format menu, chn Drawing Limits
24
1.4.7.
L nh GRID
t cc im to li cho bn v
Trn thanh tnh trng, kch kp GRID
Ti dng lnh, nhp grid
Tu chn
Grid spacing(X) or ON/OFF/Snap/Aspect <0.5000>:
Grid spacing(X) or ON
Nhp khong cch li hoc li c hin th (c th s dng phm
F7 thay th)
OFF
Tt s hin th ca h li (c th s dng phm F7 thay th)
Aspect
Cho php thit lp khong cch gia 2 mt li theo 2 chiu X, Y l
khc nhau
Snap
To bc nhy cho con tr, sao cho khi s dng cc lnh v con tr
ch bt c nhng im ti mt li nh dng cho con tr (xem lnh
SNAP)
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
1.4.8.
25
L nh SNAP
Rotate
Xoay li theo mt gc nht nh. Gc xoay c php nm trong
khong -90 n 90 o.
Specify Base point <0.0000,0.0000>:Ch im chun hoc
Specify Rotation angle <0>: G tr s gc xoay hoc
Style
Chn kiu li. S hin dng nhc
Enter snap grid style [Standard/Isometric] <S>: G s hoc i hoc
Chn S l dng li chun, chn I l dng li v ng c.
Standard
Hin th mt li hnh ch nht (hai si tc ca con tr tr li
bnh thng, vung gc vi hai trc X,Y)
Isometric
Isometric gip ta th hin i tng 3 chiu trong mt phng
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Type
nh hng ch SNAP theo kiu li (Grid) hay kiu to cc
(Polar). khi chn chc nng ny s lm xut hin dng nhc :
Enter snap style [Polar/Grid]<Grid>: G P hoc G hoc
1.4.9.
Cc phng php nh p to i m
-To cc
Xc nh to im theo khong cch t im ang xt n gc to (0,0) cng
gc quay t im so vi phng ngang (trc X). To cc ch dng trong mt
phng. Cch biu din to im nh sau
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
27
M (C < A1)
Trong :
C - khong cch t im M ti gc to ;
A1 - gc quay trong mt phng t trc X ti im M.
-To cu
Dng xc nh v tr im trong khng gian 3 chiu. Cch biu din to im
nh sau
M (C < A1 <A2)
Trong :
C - khong cch t im M ti gc to ;
A1 - gc quay trong mt phng XY;
A2 - gc quay t mt phng XY ti im M trong khng gian.
-To tr
Dng trong khng gian ba chiu, n l s kt hp gia to cc v to cac.
Cch biu din to im nh sau
M (C < A1, Z)
Trong :
C - khong cch t im M ti gc to ;
A1 - gc quay trong mt phng XY;
Z - khong cch t im M ti mt phng XY.
Ch :
- To tuy t i l to c t nh so vi gc c nh nm trn bn v
AutoCAD .
- To t ng i l to c t nh vi gc l i m dng hi n thi (i m
cui cng c chn) s dng c n thm @ vo trc to c n nh p.
2.Nhp d liu
To tuyt i
L tr s thc c a vo t bn phm cho cc chiu, chng hn mt im c to x
= 3,5 ; y = 120,5
Ta nhp 3.5,120.5
To tng i
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To cc (tng i)
Trong to cc ta thng k hiu ( r ,j ) ch bn knh (khong cch) v gc. To
cc tng i c cho bng : @ r < j
V d : @ 68<35.5 c ngha l r = 68 n v v v c gc nh hng 35o30 so vi im
va c ch nh trc .
29
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
+ Trn thanh trng thi, bm chut phi ln ch OSNAP hin Menu ng ri chn
Settings...
+ T Menu Tools, chn Drafting Settings...
+
H nh 1.10 - t ch Osnap.
Cc phng thc bt im trong hp thoi trn y c m t trong bng 1.3
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Midpoint
Center
Node
Quadrant
Intersection
Insertion
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Perpendicular
31
Tangent
Nearest
Apparent
Intersection
Quick
Clear All
Aperture size
Ch
-C th g trc tip cc ch hoa kch hot ch bt dnh mong mun khi s dng
-Dng Shift + phm phi chut kch hot
-Dng lnh DDOSNAP hay Tool / Object Snap Settings kch hot ch bt dnh
thng trc
32
- thay i kch thc vng truy bt dng lnh APERTURE hay Tool / Object
Snap Settings / Aperture sizes
1.4.11. L nh ORTHO
t ch v trc giao
Khi dng lnh Line, Trace, Pline cn v cc nt thng ng v nm ngang th phi bt
ch trc giao.
T thanh trng thi, kch kp ORTHO
Ti dng lnh, nhp Ortho (hoc n phm F8)
Tu chn
Command: Ortho
ON/OFF <OFF>: Nhp ON hoc OFF, hoc
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Cc lnh v c bn
Chng ny tr nh by cc l nh v c bn nh t ca AutoCAD . Cc l nh v
i m; l nh v ng; l nh vcc h nh c bn (ch nh t, trn, elip, a gic...).
y l cc l nh v c s, lm ti n cho cc h nh v phc tp sau ny.
Ngoi ra ni dung chng 2 cng c p n mt s l nh hi u ch nh thng
thng khc nhl nh c t m p; l nh k o di i tng; l nh vt m p v.v...
cng l cc l nh b trquan trng, thng c s dng hi u ch nh bn
vcho phhp v ng vi cc tiu chu n thi t k .
Khi cc l nh v
2.1. L nh LINE
Lnh v cc on thng
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Line
Ti dng lnh, nhp Line
Specify first point: Nhp im xut pht hoc bm chut trn mn hnh ho
ly to im.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhp im tip theo (hoc g U khi phc)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Vo mt im, u hoc undo, c hoc close,
hoc
V d v on thng qua hai im
Command: line
Specify first point: Tr vo im (1)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Tr vo im (2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Kt thc lnh Line)
Nu sau khi g lnh Line xut hin dng nhc
Specify first point: m ta g tip
th AutoCAD s ly im cui cng nht trn mn hnh ho lm im bt u v.
Nu i tng va v l on thng th lnh Line lc ny s v tip cc on thng. Nu
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Trng hp i
tng trc l
ng thng
Undoing a Line
Nhp U hoc Undo khi mun hy mt on
va mi v m khng thot khi lnh Line.
im bt u ca on thng sau chnh l
im cui ca on thng ngay trc .
Closing a Polygon
Nhp C hoc Close ni
im cui ca on thng v
sau cng vi im vo u tin
(im th nht). Nh vy mt
a gic kn c to thnh.
Sau khi thc hin ty chn
ny, lnh Line s kt thc.
2.2. L nh CIRCLE
V hnh trn
Ti thanh cng c,chn
T Draw menu, chn circle
Ti dng lnh, nhp circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Vo mt la
chn hoc tr mt im (1)
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
35
2p - ng trn i qua 2 im
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:Nhp to im (1)
Specify second end point of circle's diameter:Nhp to im (2)
To im (1) v To im (2) chnh l hai u ng knh ca
ng trn.
36
37
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
gc
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, Center, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify length of chord: Xc nh gc tm.
2.3.4.
38
gc
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify length of chord: Xc nh gc tm (gi s 80 chng hn).
2.3.6.
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Direction - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify end point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: bm chnto im (3).
2.3.7.
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Radius - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify end point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify radius of arc: Nhp bn knh R (hoc xc nh di bng tr chut).
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3
2
1
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Radius - xut hin dng nhc
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (1)
Specify start point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: bm chn to im (3)
2.3.9.
gc
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Center, Start, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (1)
Specify start point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: Nhp vo tr s gc
2.3.10. Center, Start, Length (tm im u, chiu di dy cung)
Tng t nh cch v cung trn theo dng Start, Center, Length, ch khc l im nhp
vo u tin (1) l tm ca cung trn ri mi n im xut pht v cung (2).
2.3.11. V cung tip tuyn vi ng thng hoc cung trn trc
y l mt cch v c ngha rt c bit, n gip ta v c cc ng cong chuyn
tip, ng cong ni tip vi ng thng... thc hin cch v ny sau khi nhp lnh
trc ht ta v mt o thng (hoc mt cung trn) sau ,
Ti dng lnh, nhp Arc s xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: g
Specify end point of arc: nhp vo to im (1)
Cch v ny cho php ta c th ch bng cc thao tc rt n
gin vn v c cc on cong tr gm cc o thng ni
tip vi cung trn hoc cung trn ni tip cung trn c bn
knh khc...
40
2.4. L nh ELLIPSE
To mt Ellipse hoc cung ca Ellipse
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Ellipse
Ti dng lnh, nhp ellipse
Sau khi v ng elip c th l mt ng a tuyn bao gm nhiu cung trn ni tip nhau
hoc tr thnh mt ng Spline (ng cong i qua cc im m t), iu ny tu thuc
vo vic ch nh tr s ca bin PELLIPSE = 0 hay PELLIPSE = 1.
PELLIPSE = 1
PELLIPSE = 0
3
2
To tm v cc trc
3
1
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V cung elip
5
3
42
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2.6. L nh POLYGON
V a gic u
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Polygon
Ti dng lnh, nhp polygon
Enter Number of sides <4>: Vo s cnh ca a gic t 3 - 1024, hoc
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: To tm(1), hoc E
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp I, C
hoc
Bng 2.3 - Cc phng n v h nh a gic u
Inscribed in circle
V a gic ni tip trong ng trn
Radius of circle: To im(2), hoc nhp gi tr bn knh
Khong cch t tm ti nh Polygon chnh l bn knh ng
trn ngoi tip Polygon.
Circumscribed about circle
V a gic ngoi tip ng trn.
Radius of circle: To im(2), hoc nhp gi tr bn knh
Khong cch t tm ti trung im cnh ca Polygon chnh l
bn knh ng trn ni tip Polygon.
Edge
V Polygon thng qua cnh.
First endpoint of edge: Tr im th nht(1)
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2.7. L nh RECTANG
V hnh ch nht
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Rectangle
Ti dng lnh, nhp Rectang hoc Rectangle
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: nhp
to im (1)
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: nhp to im (2)
Chamfer
Quy nh vt gc ca cc gc hnh ch nht. Ngi s dng c th quy nh vt tng
cnh ca gc.
Ti dng lnh, nhp : rectang
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: C
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>: 10
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <10.0000>: 10
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: nhp to im
(1)
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: nhp to im (2)
Elevation
Quy nh cao ca hnh ch nht. Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay i tip
theo.
Elevation for rectangles <0.0000>: Gi tr cao ca hnh ch nht
Fillet
Cho php v trn cc gc ca hnh ch nht vi bn knh cong xc nh.
Fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: Gi tr bn knh ca gc hnh ch nht
Thickness
Quy nh dy ca hnh ch nht c v. Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay
i tip theo.
Thickness for rectangles <0.0000>: dy hnh ch nht
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47
Width
Quy nh rng cc cnh hnh ch nht . Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay i
tip theo.
Width for rectangles <0.0000>: rng hnh ch nht
2.8. L nh SPLINE
Lnh v ng cong
Draw menu: Spline
Command line: Spline
ng SPline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn. Lnh ny c dng to ra cc ng
cong trn c hnh dng khng c nh (cc ng cong trong t nhin; cc ng ng
mc trong h thng thng tin a l v.v... )
Ngoi ra AutoCAD cn c th to ra cc ng cong xp x dng Spline bng cch lm
trn cc ng polyline sn c thng qua lnh PEdit.
Tuy nhin so vi ng Spline lm trn t ng Polyline sn c th ng Spline thc
(ng c v thng qua lnh SPline) c cc u im ni bt sau :
ng Spline thc c to bng phng php ni suy i qua tt c cc im m t
(CONTROL POINT), v cc im ny nm ng trn ng dn hng mong
mun ca ng cong do vy vic xp x dng ng cong mong mun s tt hn.
ng Spline thc c th d dng hiu chnh thng qua lnh Splinedit. Khi cc
im m t vn s c gi li v d dng hiu chnh, trong khi ng lm trn t
polyline th cc im m t s khng cn c bo ton.
Bn v cha cc ng Spline thc s c kch thc File nh hn l bn v cha
cc ng polyline lm trn c hnh dng tng ng.
2.9. L nh POINT
V mt im c to nh trc
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Point Single Point
Ti dng lnh, nhp Point
Point: Tr im trn mn hnh
trnh ln vi cc im chia li bn c th chn mt trong nhng kiu
im khc nhau, Xem lnh (ddptype)
2.10.
L nh DDPTYPE
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Khi cc l nh hi u ch nh
2.11. L nh ERASE
Lnh xo i tng la chn ra khi bn v
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Erase
Command line: Erase
Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn xo
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2.12. L nh TRIM
Lnh xn mt phn i tng nm giu hai i tng chn
Cc loi i tng c th ct l arc, circle, elliptical arc, line, open 2D v 3D polylines, ray,
v splines. Lnh ny khc vi lnh Erase ch : lnh Erase xo ton b i tng c
nh du, cn lnh Trim s ch xo mt phn ca i tng c ch nh. Lnh ny
thng c ng dng loi b cc phn tha (bavia) trong bn v v nh khi ta dng lnh
Line v bn c tng chng hn, trc ht ta phI v mt hnh ch nht sau v cc
on thng chia ct hnh ch nht c c cc nt ca bn c nh sau khi v rt c
th s xut hin cc mu tha nm ngoi vng ch nht khi ta c th s dng lnh Trim
loi b cc nt tha
Sau khi
dng l nh
TRIM
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UCS
Lnh Trim thc hin khi i tng giao vi ng bao
hoc mt phng ng bao.
View
Edge
Ch nh phn on thng cn ct.
Extend / No extend <current>: Chn E, N hoc Enter
Extend
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2.13.
L nh BREAK
Lnh Break dng xa mt phn ca mt line, Trace, Circ1el, Arc hay Polyline.
P1
P2
P2
P1
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2.14. L nh EXTEND
Lnh ko di i tng v ti mt ng bin xc nh
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Extend
Command line: Extend
Select boundary edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend)
Select objects: (chn cc i tng c dng lm ng bin)
...
Select object: (kt thc vic chn ng bin)
<Select object to extend> / Project / Edge / Undo:(chn i tng cn ko di hay
P, E, U).
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
UCS
i tng c ko dn ti cnh bin hoc mt
phng bin.
View
Edge
Ch nh on mun ko dn.
Extend / No extend <current>: Chn v tr hoc Enter
Extend
ng bin c quy nh c phn ko di ca
on thng. im ko di chnh l giao im ca
hai ng thng ca yu t ko di v yu t bin.
No extend
Yu t ko di c thc hin khi ng thng ko
di thc s ct on thng yu t bin.
Undo
Hy thao tc sai trc .
54
2.15. L nh LENGTHEN
Thay i chiu di i tng (nn hoc gin) l on thng hoc cung trn
Command line: Lengthen
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]:
+ Chn mt i tng : AutoCAD s cho hin th chiu di hin thi ca i
tng.
+ DE : cho php thay i chiu di i tng bng cch nhp vo khong tng
(delta). Nu gi tr khong tng l m th s lm gim kch thc i tng, khong
tng dng s lm tng kch thc i tng. Sau la chn ny s xut hin dng
nhc ph :
Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: nhp vo khong tng ti y
Select an object change or[Undo]: Chn i tng cn hiu chnh chiu di
Dng nhc trn s xut hin lin tc cho n khi ta bm phm
+ Percent : La chn ny cho php thay i chiu di i tng theo t l phn trm
so vi chiu di gc ban u ca i tng c chn. Khi t l phn trm >100 th
chiu di i tng tng; khi t l phn trm <100 th chiu di i tng gim. Sau
la chn ny s xut hin dng nhc ph :
Enter percentage length or [Angle] <100.0000>: nhp gi tr phn trm mi
Select an object change or[Undo]: Chn i tng cn hiu chnh chiu di
+ Total : La chn ny dng thay i tng chiu di ca mt i tng hoc gc
m cung theo gi tr mi nhp vo. Sau la chn ny s xut hin dng nhc ph :
Speciafy total length or [Angle] <1.0000>: nhp gi tr (hoc A chn gc)
Select an object change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn hiu chnh kch thc
+ Dynamic : dng thay i ng chiu di ca i tng thng qua con tr
chut.
2.16. L nh CHAMFER
Lnh lm vt mp i tng
Lnh Chamfer (vt mp) cho php ni tip hai ng thng bng mt on thng xc nh.
Lnh ny hot ng tng t nh lnh Fillet.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Chamfer
Command line: Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.5000, Dist2 = 0.5000
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: Chn mt phng thc
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Loop
Chn tt c cc cnh trong mt c s
Polyline
56
Distances
t khong cch cho cnh vt. Ty chn ny dng xc nh
di vt cho mi cnh, chng c th bng nhau, khc nhau hay bng
0. Gi tr di vt xc nh bng ty chn ny s tr thnh hin
hnh v c duy tr cho n khi thay bng gi tr khc.
Enter first chamfer distance <current>: Cho khong cnh vt cnh
th nht
Enter second chamfer distance <current>: Cho khong cnh vt
cnh th nht
Angle
t khong cch vt cho cnh th nht, khong cch vt cnh th
hai c tnh thng qua cnh th nht v gc gia chng.
Enter first chamfer distance <current>: Cho khong cnh vt cnh
th nht
Enter angle from the first line <current>: Gi tr gc
Trim
Chn ch ct / khng ct cho lnh chamfer
Trim/No Trim <current>: chn mt phng thc
Method
Chn phng thc nhp theo hai khong cch hoc theo mt khong
cch v mt gc.
Distance / Angle / <current>: Chn mt phng thc
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L nh MOVE
3.2.
L nh ROTATE
Base point
Base point
58
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Rotate
Command line: Rotate
Select objects: Chn cc i tng mun xoay
Specify base point: Ch nh im chun (1)
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: ch nh gc xoay hoc di chuyn chut cho
n khi i tng t c hng mong mun ri nhn im ch.
3.3.
L nh SCALE
Scale factor
Nhp h s thu phng ca cc i tng c chn.
Nu t l ln hn 1 s lm tng kch thc ca i tng
v ngc li.
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59
Reference
Tng t nh lnh Rotate, cn phi nhp vo t l tham chiu ca cc i tng v t l
mi cn t c. AutoCAD s t ng thu (hoc phng) i tng theo t l tng ng
vi gi tr tham chiu.
Specify reference length <1>: nhp chiu di tham chiu
Specify new length: nhp chiu di mi
V d:
3.4.
L nh MIRROR
60
3.5.
L nh STRETCH
Khi chn i tng trong lnh Stretch phi dng kiu chn bng ca s
(Crossing, Window, CPolygon, WPolygon) t nht mt ln. Nhng i tng no
giao vi khung ca s chn s c ko gin (hoc co li) nhng i tng no
nm lt hn trong khung ca s chn s c di i (Move).
C th loi (Remove) mt hay nhu i tng khi danh sch la chn hoc
thm (Add) i tng vo danh sch chn.
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3.6.
L nh COPY
3.7.
L nh OFFSET
62
Specify point on side to offset: chn pha (phi hay tri) t i tng pht sinh
Select object to offset or <exit>: tip tc chn hoc thot
Gii thch :
Offset distance
To mt i tng song song vi i tng chn thng qua khong cch.
Specify point on side to offset: (chn pha t i tng mi bng cch nhp vo mt
im bt k v pha ).
Through
To mt i tng song song vi i tng chn thng qua to im
Select object to offset: (chn i tng v song song)
Through point: To im (1)
3.8.
L nh ARRAY
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64
H nh 3.3 - l nh Array.
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+ Method : la chn phng php v pht sinh dy (pht sinh theo s lng cho trc hay
pht sinh lin tip cc i tng theo gc tm ...)
+
: la chn ny nu c chn cc i tng s c t ng xoay i
mt gc (hnh 3.4), nu khng chn th sau khi pht sinh cc khi hnh mi s c cng
hng th hin nh ca i tng gc.
Trong ty chn ny, nu mun thc hin t dng nhc theo cch nhp truyn thng
th cc bc tin hnh s l :
Command line: -Array
Rectangular or Polar array (R/P): p
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: chn i tng c s
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L nh FILLET
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Cc l nh lm vi c vi lp
Khi nim v lp
thun tin khi v v qun l cc bn v phc tp, AutoCAD dng cc lp
(Layer) khc nhau th hin. C th hnh dung lp nh mt tm knh trong sut
c hnh v. Bn v s gm mt hay nhiu tm knh nh vy chng ln nhau.
c tnh ca lp
- Mi lp c mt tn ring, cha kiu ng nt (Line type), mu sc (Color) mc
nh do ngi s dng qui nh. Cc hnh v t trn mt lp nu khng c ch nh
ring s c mu sc v kiu ng nt ca lp .
- C th c cc hnh v trn mt (hoc nhiu) lp tt i hoc cho chng xut hin li
trn bn v.
- C th sa cha, v d ty xa, trn nhiu lp cng mt lc nhng mi ln ch
c v trn mt lp. Lp ang hot ng gi l lp hin hnh (Current layer), khi
mt hnh c v, n s c t ln lp hin hnh. Tn lp hin hnh c th
hin trn dng trng thi (status line).
- Mt lp c th b ng c (freez), b kha (lock) hoc tt (turn off).
- S lng lp c th khai bo trong 01 bn v l khng c gii hn. Tn lp thng
c t theo ni dung ca cc i tng trn v d :
+ Lp a hnh
+ Lp ng ng mc
+ Lp c s h tng
v.v...
68
3.10. L nh LAYER
Lnh Layer dng t lp mi, chn lp hin hnh, t mu sc v kiu ng nt
cho lp, tt hoc m lp, kha hay m kha cho lp, lm ng c hay tan ng
cho lp v lit k cc lp nh ngha trong bn v.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Format menu, chn Layer
Ti dng lnh, nhp Layer
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 3.5
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70
nh ngha mt lp mi.
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Bm
71
Bm
chn lp ang c nh du lm lp hin hnh. Sau lnh chn
ny, nu ta v thm mt i tng no th i tng mi s thuc v lp hin hnh.
Bm
v.v...
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3.11.
L nh LINETYPE
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
tnh cht ca n. Trc khi qui nh loi ng cho lp hoc tng thc th, bn phi
np cc loi ng bng lnh LINETYPE
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Format menu, chn Linetype
Ti dng lnh, nhp LineType
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 3.9
H nh 3.9 - nh ki u cho n t v.
Nt Load... Np cc loi ng vo bng LineType (hp thoi hnh 3.10).
74
H nh 3.10 - Np ki u ng.
Cc la chn trong hp thoi hnh 3.10
+Nt File... : Cho php np tp th vin cha cc kiu ng nt khc nhau vo
bng Available Linetypes
+ Chn kiu ng nt ti Available Linetypes ri nhn nt OK cc loi kiu
ng thng c np
+ Chn Cancel hu b lnh
Chn kiu ng thng cho lp hin hnh
Name
Dng con tr chut chn tn kiu ng hoc nh tn ti Name v ti chng vo
bn v
Description
Hin th kiu ng thng chn
Global Scale Factor
iu chnh t l ca cc kiu ng nt t trn ton b bn v. Vi h s t l
thch hp, c th lm co li hay ko dn cc on gch v cc khong h xen k.
(Xem lnh LTScale)
Current Object Scale
iu chnh t l ca kiu ng hin ti khi bt u v. Cc i tng trc
khng b thay i t l
ISO Pen Width
t dy ca nt v.
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76
3.12.
L nh LTSCALE
Bng 3.4 - i u ch nh t l ng n t
Lnh Ltscale dng iu chnh t l ca cc kiu ng nt t.
Vi h s t l thch hp, c th lm co li hay ko dn cc on
gch v cc khong h xen k.
Command line: ltscale
Enter new linetype scale factor <gi tr hin hnh>: (vo h s t l)
H s t l l mt s ln hn 0. Gi tr ny s nh hng ti tt c cc
nt t ng bn v.
3.13.
L nh PROPERTIES
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
B m chut v o y thay
i m u hi n th cho i
tng hi n chn
Trn hp thoi ny cha hu nh ton b thng tin v i tng hin chn (mu sc, kiu
ng, to ...). Nu mun thay i thuc tnh no ca i tng ch vic kch chut vo
v tr s liu m t (hnh 3.11). Ngoi ra tin thm cho ngi s dng AutoCAD 2002
cn cho php chn, sa thuc tnh i tng thng qua hp thoi chn nhanh (Quick
select), bng cch bm phm
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v k hiu vt liu
Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn
Cc l nh vk hi u m t c t
4.1.
M t c t v h nh c t
H nh 4.1 Mt s m u m t c t ca Autotcad.
80
4.2.
Tr nh t vh nh c t, m t c t
chn th bm
4.3.
kt thc lnh.
L nh FILL
OFF
Tt ch in y.
L nh BHATCH
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Lnh Bhatch cho php gch mt ct (hatch) mt vng khp kn c bao quanh bi cc
ng (thng hay cong) bng cch im vo mt im bn trong vng hay chn ng
bao quanh vng .
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn hatch
Command line: bhatch
AutoCAD s hin th hp thoi Boundary Hatch nh sau:
82
Mu t c s
Associative
Nonassociative
Select Objects
Ty chn ny cho php nh ngha vng cn gch mt ct bng cch chn ng bao. Khi
nhy chut vo ny, AutoCAD s yu cu :
Select Object: chn i tng ( lm ng bao)
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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Remove Islands
Hu b i tng ng bao nm pha trong ng bao khc
View Selections
Xem tt c cc ng bao v cc nguyn th chn la.
Inherit Properties
Tha hng mu t ca i tng c chn.
Select hatch object: Chn i tng c t
Mi thng s mu t ca i tng s c cp nht trn hp hi thoi Boundary Hatch,
bn c th s dng mu t cho cc i tng khc.
Preview hatch: xem trc vic gch
Nhy chut vo ny, AutoCAD s hin th mt ct s c gch vi cc chn la
trn. Sau AutoCAD s hin th li hp thoi khi nhn phm cho php to cc sa i
cn thit.
Advanced Options
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4.5.
85
L nh HATCH
86
4.6.
L nh HATCHEDIT
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88
hng trnh by khc nhau. Vic la chn hp l cho cc tham s th hin vn bn trong
Autotcad s gip cho bn v tr nn sng sa hn, giu thng tin v mang tnh thm m
cao hn.
4.7.
Tr nh t nh p vn bn vo trong bn v
4.8.
L nh STYLE
Lnh t kiu ch
T Format menu, chn Text Style...
Command line: Style hoc -Style
Lnh ny gi n hp thoi hnh 4.6 qua ngi s dng c th chn Font ch, c ch
cng cc tham s khc nh dng vn bn s vit ra mn hnh AutoCAD.
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T hp thoi hnh 4.6 ngi s dng cng c th to ra cc kiu ch nh sn (Tieu de; Ghi
chu; Bng v.v...) bng cch :
Bm chn
hin ca s nhp tn. Ti nhp vo tn ca kiu ch
cn khai bo (v d nhp vo ch Tieu de - hnh 4.7) ri bm phm OK tr v.
H nh 4.7.
Font Name : chn Font ch ca kiu nh to (v d chn Font .VnTimeH)
Font Style : kiu ch th hin (bnh thng, ch m, ch nghing...)
Height : chiu cao ca ch. Nu nhp tr s chiu cao =0 (mc nh) th mi khi
nh lnh Text hoc MText s c li nhc yu cu nhp chiu cao ch s xut
hin. Nu tr s Height c nhp vo ti ay l tr s >0 th k t y mi k t
vit ra mn hnh u c cng chiu cao l Height.
Upside down : dng ch i xng theo phng ngang
Backwards : dng ch i xng theo thng ng
Width factor : h s nn ch theo phng ngang. Nu h s l <1 ch s b nn li,
ngc li ch s c gin rng ra theo phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : nghing ca dng ch so vi phng ngang.
Trong trng hp ta nh p l nh -Style th thay v xu t hi n hp thoi h nh 4.6 cc
tham s c yu c u nh p vo t dng nh c.
4.9.
L nh TEXT, DTEXT
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91
Command: text
Justify/Style <Start point>: J
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
Dng ch vit trn bn v c cc im cn l l t hp ca cc v tr
Top/Middle/Baseline/Bottom (nh/chnh gia/ ng c s/y) v left
/Center/Right (tri/gia/phi). Hnh sau minh ha v tr cc im cn l
ca mt text.
Align
A (Align): Kiu tra va. AutoCAD s yu cu vo im bt u v
im kt thc (nm trn ng c s) cho dng ch. AutoCAD s t
iu chnh ln (chiu cao v chiu rng) ca ch dng ch nhp
vo nm va vn gia hai im.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
A
First text line point: To im u dng
Second text line point: To im cui dng
Text: (Nhp mt dng ch)
Fit
F (Fit): tng t nh Align nhng AutoCAD s hi thm chiu cao ch
v dng chiu cao ny nhng s iu chnh rng ch dng ch t
vo va vn gia hai im.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
F
First text line point: To im u dng
Second text line point: To im cui dng
Height <4.5741>: cao ch
Text: (Nhp mt dng ch)
Center
C (Center) - Baseline Center: im cn l l im gia trn ng c
s.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
C
Center point: To tm dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
Middle
M (Middle): im cn l l tm ca hnh ch nht tng tng bao
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4.10. L nh MTEXT
Lnh vit nhiu dng ch trn bn v thng qua hp hi thoi
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Text -> Multiline Text
Command line: Mtext
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000
Specify first corner: bm chut chn to gc th nht ca ch
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: bm
chut chn to gc th hai ca ch
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Multiline Text Editor (hnh 4.9)
4.11. L nh QTEXT
Lnh phn r thuc tnh i tng dng ch gii
Vic th hin vn bn trn mn hnh thng chim nhiu thi gian v mi mt k t l mt i
tng v phc tp c to thnh t nhiu ng thng hoc cung trn. tit kim thi gian, trong
trng hp khng cn phi c cc ch gii th hin trn bn v bn c th dng lnh QTEXT. Do
lnh ny cho php cc ch gii th hin trn bn v c th hin nhanh di dng khung hnh ch
nht m chiu di hnh ch nht l chiu di ca dng ch v chiu rng ca n l chiu cao ca
ch, nn thi gian ti hin rt nhanh. Cch thc hin nh sau:
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TEXTFILL = 1 (ON)
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Cc l nh vv to h nh
4.13. L nh XLINE (Construction line)
Lnh v mt ng thng hoc mt chm ng thng giao nhau.
Lnh ny thng c s dng v cc ng ging, cc ng nm ngang hoc thng
ng. Trong php v mt chiu cng c th s dng lnh ny tm im v, nu kt hp
thm vi cc lnh Trim, Scale... c th to thnh cc cnh ca hnh chiu.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Construction line
Command line: XLine
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: chn mt im bt u v (hoc chn
H,V,A,B,O)
Specify through point: chn im th hai ca ng thng
Specify through point: chn im khc nu mun v chm ng thng i qua im 1
Cc la chn ca lnh XLine
Hor : to ng thng nm ngang. Sau la chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc truy bt im)
mt im m ng thng i qua.
Ver : To ng thng theo phng thng ng. Sau la chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc
truy bt im) mt im m ng thng i qua.
Ang : To ng thng xin theo mt gc no . Sau la chn ny AutoCAD yu cu ta
nhp vo
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: nhp gc nghing
Specify through point: chn mt im thuc ng thng
Bisect : to ng thng i qua phn gic ca mt gc (thng qua 3 im), la chn ny
AutoCAD yu cu ta nhp vo 03 im. im (1) thuc v tm ca gc, im (2) v (3)
thuc v hai cnh ca gc.
Command: XLine
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: B
Specify angle vertex point: bm chn nh ca gc
Specify angle start point: bm chn mt im thuc cnh th nht ca gc
Specify angle end point: bm chn mt im thuc cnh th hai ca gc
Offset : To mt ng thng song song vi mt ng thng c sn.
Command: XLine
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: O
Specify offset distance or [Through] <Through>: nhp khong cch hoc t
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4.14. L nh RAY
Lnh v mt na ng thng.
Draw menu chn Ray
Command line: Ray
Lnh ny thc hin hon ton tng t nh lnh XLine nhng thay v v c ng thng
lnh Ray s ch v na ng thng xut pht t im nh ngha u tin.
Command: Ray
Specify start point: chn im u tin (im xut pht)
Specify through point: chn im th hai (im nh hng cho na ng
thng)
Specify through point: chn im khc (im nh hng cho na ng thng
mi i qua im (1)
Specify through point: kt thc lnh
4.15. L nh DONUT
Lnh v hnh vnh khn
Draw menu chn Donut
Command line: Donut
Specify inside diameter of donut <current>: Gi tr ng knh
trong
Specify outside diameter of donut <current>: Gi tr ng knh
ngoi
Specify center of doughnut: To tm(1)
Hnh vnh khuyn s c t mu bn trong nu gi tr ca lnh Fill
l ON v ngc li khi Fill l OFF.
V d:
Command: Donut
Inside diameter <0.5>: 12
Ouside diameter <1.0>: 16
Center of doughnut: 20.30
Dng lnh DONUT c th v hnh trn c, nu cho bn
knh vng trn trong (Inside diameter) bng 0 v Fill l On.
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4.16. L nh TRACE
Lnh v cc on thng c dy
Command line: Trace
Specify trace width <0.2000>:Nhp khong cch, hoc
vo gi tr, hoc
Specify start point: Tr im (1)
Specify next point: Tr im (2)
Specify next point: Tr im (3) hoc kt thc lnh
4.17. L nh SOLID
Lnh v min c t c
Mi 2D Solid c m t bi 3 hoc 4 cnh. Vi cc hnh 3 cnh th cch nhp tng i
n gin ch vic bm chn 3 im lin tip khng thng hng ta s c mt ming tam
gic t c. Ring vi hnh Solid 4 cnh khi khai bo im phi ch th t im nhp
vo. Nu im (1) - (2) l m t cnh th nht th (3) - (4) l m t cnh i din nhng
5
phi c cng hng vi (1) - (2)
6
1
H nh 4.12 - V h nh 2D Solid.
Command line: Solid
SOLID Specify first point: bm chn im (1)
Specify second point: bm chn im (2)
Specify third point: bm chn im (3)
Specify fourth point or <exit>: bm chn im (4) hoc kt thc
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4.18. L nh MLINE
v on th ng song song
Lnh MLine (Multiple Line) c s dng v on thng song song, rt tin trong th
hin cc bn v quy hoch kin trc. Trong cc con ng lun cn th hin bi 2 nt
(mp phi v mp tri ng), khi cc trc ng giao nhau th cc nt th hin li khng
c php ct nhau (xem hnh 4.13). Nu ch s dng lnh Line ,Pline... th s mt rt
nhiu cng sc, trong khi nu dng lnh MLine th bi ton s tr nn kh n gin v
tin li.
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1
4
4.19. L nh MLSTYLE
L nh to ki u cho v ng th ng song song(MLine)
T Format menu, chn Multiline Style...
Command line: Mlstyle
Lnh ny s dng nh ngha cc kiu th hin cho i tng MLine. Cc kiu nh
ngha ti y c th c lu tr trn File s dng cho cc bn v sau. Lnh ny lm
hin hp thoi hnh 4.15 di y
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4.20. L nh MLEDIT
L nh hi u ch nh i tng vMLine.
T thanh cng c chn
T Modify menu chn Multiline
Command line: Mledit
Lnh ny cho php hiu chnh i tng MLine. Cc i tng MLine sau khi th hin ra
bn v c th s ct qua nhau, u u vi nhau, vt ln trn (che) nhau... Lnh Mledit
chnh nhm mc ch th hin cc quan h ny. C 12 phng n hiu chnh chia thnh 4
nhm :
Giao ct (Crosses)
Ni ch T (Tee)
B gc (Corners)
Ct ngang (Cuts)
Cc la chn ny c th hin trn hp thoi
hnh 4.17
2
4.16a - i tng MLine gc
4.16b - K t qu hi u ch nh
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H nh 4.21 - S d ng l nh Intersect.
4.25. L nh BOUNDARY
Lnh Boundary to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn.
Cc i tng gc khng b mt i.
T Draw menu chn Boundary
Command line: Boundary
Thy xut hin hp thoi hnh 4.22
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Chn
Pick point
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Cc lnh Ghi v
hiu chnh kch thc
5.1. Khi ni m
5.1.1.
Ghi kch thc l mt phn khng th thiu trong mi bn v k thut. Tu thuc cc tiu
chun ngnh, tiu chun quc gia cch th hin ng ghi kch thc c th cng c cc
khc bit. Chng ny ch yu trnh by cc lnh lin qua n vic ghi, hiu chnh v nh
ngha li cc bin ghi kch thc cho ph hp vi tng yu cu c th. Cc thnh phn ch
yu nht th hin mt ng ghi kch thc c m t trong hnh 5.1 di y.
200
ng nh t m
(Center Line)
300
u mi tn
(Arrowheads)
ng k ch thc
(Dimension line)
ng ging
(Extension lines)
ch s ghi k ch thc
(Dimension text)
H nh 5.1 - Cc th nh ph n s li u ca ng k ch thc.
Nu t kch thc l "enabled" th tt c cc thnh phn ca kch thc s c coi nh l
mt i tng duy nht (kch thc lin kt). Nu khng, mi thnh phn ca kch thc
s l mt i tng ring bit, iu ny thun tin hn trong vic hiu chnh kch thc.
C th dng lnh Explode phn kch thc lin kt ra thnh cc i tng ring bit.
5.1.2.
Bin kch thc (Dimension Variables) v kiu kch thc (Dimension Style)
iu khin cc thnh phn ca kch thc, AutoCAD dng cc bin kch thc. Mi
bin kch thc nhn mt gi tr nht nh v c th thay i c. Bin kch thc c th
nhn cc kiu gi tr logic (ON/OFF), khong cch, h s t l, s nguyn hay l mt dng
chui k t (String).
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5.1.3.
5.2. L nh DIMLINEAR
Lnh ghi kch thc theo on thng
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Linear
Command line: Dimlinear
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Horizontal
Vertical
112
Rotated
Quay ng kch thc
Dimension line angle <current>: Nhp gi tr gc quay
5.2.1. L nh DIMALIGNED
Lnh v ng kch thc thng
To ra ng kch thc t ng nh hng mt cch ph hp vi i tng
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Aligned
Command line: dimaligned
First extension line origin or ENTER to select: chn mt im hoc Enter
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: chn im (1)
Specify second extension line origin: chn im (2)
Specify dimension line location or Select object to dimension: chn v tr t ng
kch thc.
Vi lnh Dimaligned ng ghi kch thc s song song vi on thng ni hai im gc
ca ng ging.
Lnh Dimaligned.
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
5.3. L nh DIMRADIUS
Lnh nh cc kch thc bn knh cho ng trn v cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Radius
Command line: dimradius
Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn hoc cung trn
5.4. L nh DIMCENTER
Lnh to ra du tm hoc ng thng tm ca ng trn v cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Center Mark
Command line: dimcenter
Select arc or circle: Chn mt i tng
5.5. L nh DIMDIAMETER
Lnh nh cc kch thc ng knh cho ng trn v cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Diameter
Command line: dimdiameter
Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn hoc cung trn
5.6. L nh DIMANGULAR
Lnh nh cc kch thc gc
Ti thanh cng c, chn
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Circle Selection
5.7. L nh DIMORDINATE
Ghi kch thc theo to im
Ghi kch thc tung (hay honh ) ca mt im c trng dc theo mt ng dn
n.
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Ordinate
Command line: dimordinate
Specify feature location: chn im c trng
Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]:
im cui ca ng dn hay X xc nh honh v Y xc
nh tung .
Dimension text <ta X hay Y c o>: ch s kch thc.
Nu vo im cui ca ng dn, AutoCAD s o khong cch t
im ny ti im c trng quyt nh l khong cch tung
hay honh (ty thuc gi tr theo phng X hay Y ln hn).
5.8. L nh DIMBASELINE
Lnh v mt lot cc ng kch thc thng qua ng ging c s ca ng kch
thc chn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Baseline
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Select
AutoCAD yu cu bn chn mt ng kch thc
lm ng ging c s (ng ging chung).
Select base dimension: Chn ng kch thc c
s
Sau khi chn ng kch thc c s, AutoCAD yu cu ch v tr ng ging th hai ca
ng kch thc mi. ng ging th nht ca cc ng kch thc mi c to s
chung vi ng ging c s.
5.9. L nh DIMCONTINUE
Lnh ghi kch thc nhiu on chia k tip nhau
V d:
ghi ng kch thc tip theo bn chn ng ging ca ng kch thc trc .
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5.10. L nh LEADER
Ghi kch thc theo ng dn
T Dimension menu, chn Leader
Command line: Leader
Lnh ny cho php ghi ch theo ng dn. Nu tr s bin DIMASSOC=ON th im bt
u ca Leader s lin kt vi i tng c ghi ch. Khi ta hiu chnh bn v, di di hoc
dch chuyn i tng m t th im gc Leader cng c t ng di di theo (dng ghi
ch vn nguyn v tr c).
(2) C a lc D150
(1)
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Trang Attachment (hnh 5.4) : nh kiu lin kt cho ng dn v dng ghi ch.
Top of top line : lin kt ng dn ti nh ca dng Text
Middle of top line : lin kt ng dn ti im gia ca dng nh Text
Middle of multi-line text : lin kt ng dn ti im gia ca c on Text
Middle of bottom line : lin kt ng dn ti im gia ca cnh y dng Text
Bottom of bottom line : lin kt ng dn ti pha trn ca dng nh on Text
Underline bottom line : c gch chn on Text.
5.11. L nh TOLERANCE
Lnh ghi dung sai
Khi th hin kch thc dung sai thng thng c cc thnh phn s liu sau nh trn hnh
5.5. di y.
K hi u dung sai
Tr s dung sai
Chu n
//
0.012
120
Right
Home
Angle
5.13. L nh DIMSTYLE
To v sa i kiu ng kch thc trn ca s lnh
T Dimension menu, chn Style
Command line: Dimstyle
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New
Thay i ni dung dng ghi ch ng kch thc
Rotate
Thay i gc ca dng ghi ch so vi ng kch thc
Enter text angle: Nhp gi tr gc quay
Select objects: Chn i tng ng kch thc
Oblique
To ng kch thc xin
Select objects: Chn ng kch thc
Enter obliquing angle (RETURN for none): Nhp
gi tr gc xin
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L nh SELECT
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Add
Dng tt Remove, quay tr v Select object
ALL
Chn tt c cc i tng c trn bn v.
BOX
AutoCAD s yu cu xc nh hai gc ca ca s nh ty chn
Window hay Crossing. Nu nh th hai c chn nm bn
phi so vi nh th nht th Box tng t nh Window, trong
trng hp ngc li th Box tng t nh Crossing.
Crossing
Ging nh ty chn Window nhng ngoi ra cn chn cc i
tng b ng bao ca s ct qua.
Cpolygon
Tng t ty chn WP nhng s chn cc i tng nm hon
ton trong a gic v cc i tng b ng bao ca a gic ct
qua.
Fence
Hng ro. Ty chn ny tng t nh CP nhng s xc nh mt
ng bao khng khp kn v AutoCAD s chn cc i tng
b ng bao ny ct qua.
Group
La chn theo nhm i tng.
Select objects: group
Enter group name: Nhp tn nhm
Last
Chn i tng c v sau cng trn bn v.
Multiple
AutoCAD cho php ln lt nhiu i tng bng cch lp i
lp li dng nhc Select object. Ch sau khi tr li bng Null (
) th AutoCAD mi bt u cng tc d tm trn bn v.
Previous
Ly cc i tng c chn (nu c) ca ln chn i tng
gn ln ny nht.
Remove
i sang mode "Remove" - loi i tng khi danh sch chn
tm thi. Sau khi b loi cc i tng ny li c mu nh c.
Trong mode m AutoCAD s dng dng nhc Remove object
thay cho dng nhc select object.
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L nh CHANGE
134
C php:
Command line: Change
Select object: Chn i tng cn thay i tnh cht
...
Specify change point or [Properties]: (tnh cht/<im thay i>)
Change point
Thay i thng s v tr ca i tng
Nu tr li dng nhc
Specify change point or [Properties]: bng mt im (P) th AutoCAD coi l
im thay i thng s v tr i vi cc i tng c chn.
Tc dng ca lnh ty thuc vo loi i tng:
Line: u no ca line gn P s di ti v tr P. Nu chn la nhiu ng thng,
cc ng thng ny s quy t ti P.
Circle: Bn knh ng trn s thay i sao cho trn i qua P.
Text: P tr thnh im t mi ca text line. Nu tr li thay v P th AutoCAD
s cho php thay i kiu ch, chiu cao ch, gc quay, ni dung dng ch bng
cc dng nhc tng ng.
Attribute: cho php thay i cc tnh cht ca Attribute nh l vi text. Ngoi ra
cn thay i c tag, prompt v gi tr mc nh ca Attribute.
block: P tr thnh im chn mi ca Block. Nu tr li thay v P, AutoCAD cho
php thay i gc quay ca Block.
Properties
Thay i tnh cht ca i tng
Khi dng ty chn ny, AutoCAD s c dng nhc:
Enter property to change [Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/ltScale/LWeight/Thickness]:
C (Color): t mu mi cho cc i tng c chn. Dng nhc tip theo cc
AutoCAD l:
New color <mu hin thi>: Nhp vo mu mi (bng tn hoc s ch th mu) hoc nu
chp nhn mu hin thi.
E (Elev): Thit lp cao (gi tr ta Z ca i tng 2D) mi cho cc i tng
c chn. Dng nhc tip theo l:
New elev <gi tr hin thi>: vo gi tr cao mi hoc chp nhn
gi tr hin thi.
La (Layer): thay i lp cho cc i tng c chn (C th v lp xem chng
VI). AutoACD s yu cu vo tn lp mi bng dng nhc:
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6.3.
L nh DDGRIPS (OPTIONS)
136
L nh BLIPMODE
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ON
Hin du + khi ch im v trn mn hnh
OFF
n du + khi ch im v trn mn hnh
6.5.
L nh GROUP
t tn cho mt nhm i tng c chn la
Ti dng lnh, nhp group
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Object Grouping
138
Description
Hin th din t ca nhm c la chn.
Find Name
Cho bit tn nhm ca i tng c chn trong bn v
Pick a member of a group : chn mt i tng
Sau khi chn i tng AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi gm danh sch tn nhm
cha i tng c chn.
Highlight
Cho bit nhng i tng cng mt nhm trn bn v.
Include Unnamed
nh r c nhng nhm cha t tn.
Create Group
New
To mt nhm gm cc i tng c la chn. Tn nhm
c t ti Group Name, din gii nhm t ti
Description.
Selectable
Ch r ni nhm mi c la chn
Unnamed
n tn ca nhm, hoc nhm khng tn. AutoCAD t nh
ngha tn *A cho mi nhm mi.
Change Group
Remove
Add
Rename
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Re-order
Thay i s th t ca cc i tng trong nhm, s th t trong nhm bt
u bng 0.
AutoCAD hin th hp thoi Order Group
140
Description
Cp nht din gii cho nhm i tng.
Explode
Ph b nhm, cc i tng tr li tnh cht ban u.
Selectable
Ti Selectable thay i gia Yes/no
+ yes : chn mt nhm bn ch vic chn mt i tng trong nhm
+ no : Ch thc hin la chn vi cc i tng c chn
S dng trn dng lnh
Nu trn dng lnh, bn nhp -group th bn nhn c li nhc nh sau:
?/Order/Add/Remove/Explode/REName/Selectable/<Create>: chn hoc
Create
To mt nhm mi.
Group name (or ?): t tn nhm mi hoc
Sau , bn la chn cc i tng cn t vo trong nhm.
? -- List Groups
Hin th danh sch tn v s din t ca cc nhm trong bn v.
Groups(s) to list <*>: Nhp danh sch tn hoc
Order
Thay i v tr ca cc i tng c trong nhm
Add
Thm i tng vo nhm hin ti.
Group name (or ?): Nhp tn hoc
Select objects: Chn i tng cn thm vo nhm
Remove
Loi b i tng ra khi nhm.
Group name (or ?): t tn nhm mi hoc
Select objects: Chn i tng loi b ra khi nhm.
Explode
Loi b tt c cc i tng ra khi nhm, ng thi nhm b xo.
Group name (or ?): Nhp tn hoc
ReName
i tn nhm.
Old group name (or ?): Cho tn nhm cn i tn
New group name (or ?) : Nhp tn mi cho nhm
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Selectable
Group name (or ?): Cho tn nhm
This group is selectable. Do you wish to change it? <Y> chn N hoc
Chuyn i gia ch chn theo nhm v chn theo i tng.
6.6.
L nh ISOPLANE
S dng li v ng c
:Ti dng lnh, nhp isoplane
Enter isometric plane setting [Left/Top/Right] <Top>: Nhp chn la hoc
Li ng c gip ta th hin i tng 3 chiu trong mt phng nh
hnh hp bn. Mt li ng c m cc lnh SNAP v GRID s dng
s ph ln hnh hp. Cc bn v ng c ch l gi khng gian 3
chiu. Khi v bn khng th nhn n t gc khc hay dch
chuyn cc ng n trong n. thc hin cc kh nng khc, cn
s dng h to ngi dng UCS v cc cng c v khng gian 3D.
Li ng c c 3 trc chnh vi nghing 30,90,150 v 3 mt
tri, phi, trn, mi mt gn vi hai trc. Lnh ISOPLANE gip chn
mt ng c hin thi v cp trc to hin thi.
Toggle
Chuyn ti mt tip theo, theo th t mt tri ti mt nh, ti mt
phi.
Left
Chn mt tri, c nh ngha nghing t 90 150 .
Top
Chn thao tc lm vic ti mt trn. nh ngha t 30 150 .
Right
Chn thao tc lm vic ti mt bn phi. nh ngha t 90 30 .
Trong qu tr nh vc th s dng ph m t t Ctrl - E chuy n l nh vt m t n y sang m t
khc mt cch nhanh chng v ti n li.
142
6.7.
L nh DSETTINGS
L nh PEDIT
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Tu thuc vo i tng l Polyline 2D, Polyline 3D, 3D Mesh. AutoCAD hin th dng
nhc tng ng
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Object Polyline
Command line: pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]: chn i tng cn hiu chnh
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
chn kiu hiu chnh
Nu i tng l ng thng hay ng trn th AutoCAD hin dng nhc:
Khi i tng khng phi l Polyline s xut huin dng nhc
Do you want it to turn into one? <Y>: Chn Y , N
Nu chn Y i tng s c chuyn i thnh ng Polyline 2D v lc bn c th
hiu chnh i tng . Nu chn N AutoCAD yu cu chn i tng Polyline khc.
Bng 6.2 - L nh s a i ng a tuy n
2D Polyline Selection
Nu chn mt ng 2D polyline, AutoCAD hin th dng
nhc:
Close / Join / Width / Edit vertex / Fit / Spline / Decurve/ Ltype
gen / Undo / eXit <X>:
Lnh Pedit cho php hiu chnh mt lot cc tnh cht ca
polyline, sau khi hon thnh vic hiu chnh mt tnh cht th
dng nhc trn lp li cho php hiu chnh mt tnh cht khc
cho n khi dng ty chn X (exit) kt thc lnh. Cc ty
chn ca lnh Pedit nh sau:
Close
To mt phn on khp kn polyline (ni phn on cui cng
vi phn on u tin).
Open
Khi mt polyline ang khp kn th ty chn ny s hy b cho
ty chn Close. N xa phn on khp kn polyline, lm cho
polyline tr nn m.
Join
Cho php ghp cc arc, line v polyline khc vo polyline c
chn to thnh mt polyline duy nht. Khi AutoCAD s
nhc:
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Lu :1
- Polyline gc ( ghp cc i tng khc vo) phi l ang
m (open).
- i tng thm vo phi ni nh vi polyline gc.
Width
Cho php xc nh b rng ng nt mi v ng b cho tt c
cc phn on ca polyline c chn. Dng nhc tip theo ca
AutoCAD s l:
Enter new width for all segment: (vo b rng mi cho tt c
cc phn on).
Edit vertex
Khi dng ty chn ny, AutoCAD li th hin mt lot cc ty
chn con v cho php hiu chnh cc nh (vertex) ca polyline
v cc phn on k bn chng (nh no c nh du bng
du X th hiu chnh c nh ). Thot u AutoCAD nh
du nh u tin ca polyline v hin dng nhc:
Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangent/Wi
dth/eXit<N>:
Next
Di chuyn im nh du n nh k .
Previous
Di chuyn im nh du v li nh trc .
Break
Tch polyline lm hai hoc xa mt s phn on ca
polyline. Dng nhc tip theo l:
Next/Previous/Go/eXit<N>:
im gy th nht l nh c nh du khi dng ty chn
Break. Dng Next/Previous di chuyn n im gy th
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Move
Di nh ang c nh du X n mt v tr mi. Bn
cng phi nhp v tr ca nh mi trn dng nhc:
Enter new location: Nhp to nh mi(1)
Regen
Thit lp li polyline v cp nht cc thay i. Thng dng
vi ty chn Width.
Straighten
Xa cc phn on nm gia hai nh c chn, thay th
bng mt phn on thng.
Dng nhc ca AutoCAD ging nh trong Break:
Next/Previous/Go/eXit<N>:
Tangent
Cho php t hng tip tuyn ti cc nh c nh du
dng khi lm cong polyline bng Fit. Dng nhc ca
AutoCAD l:
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Exit
Thot khi Edit vertex tr li lnh Pedit.
Fit
To mt ng cong trn u qua cc nh ca polyline. Nu c
t cc hng tip xc ti cc nh ny, ng cong c to
thnh s s dng cc hng tip xc .
Spline
To mt ng cong iu khin c. ng cong ny s dng
cc nh ca polyline lm cc im iu khin. ng cong to
thnh s i qua cc im iu khin u v cui (tr khi
polyline ng) v b ko v hng cc im khc nhng khng
nht thit phi i qua cc im ny.
Ltype gen
Lm cho loi ng nt nh hng chung trn ton b cc phn
on ca polyline (nu l ON) hay ch nh hng ring trn
tng phn on (nu l OFF). Hnh sau minh ha cho s khc
nhau ca mt polyline v trong hai trng hp.
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Decurve
B cc nh b sung khi "Fit curve" v tt c cc on a
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Next
Di chuyn nh nh du X ti nh tip theo.
Previous
Di chuyn nh nh du X ti nh trc .
Left
Dch chuyn du X li theo hng N.
Right
Dch chuyn du X tin theo hng N.
Up
Dch chuyn du X tin theo hng M.
Down
Dch chuyn du X li theo hng M.
Move
Di chuyn nh hin ti ti v tr mi.
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Desmooth
B mt trn mi vin v khi phc cc im nh v ca li
a gic gc.
Mclose
ng polyline nu li ang m theo hng M.
Mopen
M polyline nu li ang ng theo hng M.
Nclose
ng polyline nu li ang m theo hng N.
Mopen
M polyline nu li ang ng theo hng N.
6.9.
L nh FIND
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152
Cc l nh lm vi c vi khi
Khi (Block) l mt nhm cc i tng c lin kt vi nhau to thanh mt i tng
duy nht. Sau khi to khi chng c th c s dng nh mt biu tng, mt k hiu
hoc mt m hnh trong bn v (inh c, bnh rng, t in, in tr, bn gh, con ln
v.v..). iu c bit tin li ca Block l chng c th c nh ngha ri ghi ra File s
dng cho cc bn v sau ny. Ngha l nu s dng khi ta c th to ra cc th vin i
tng v ng tiu chun, ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut ca tng ngnh, ngh c th.
6.10. L nh BLOCK
nh ngha mt khi
Cho php nhm cc i tng hin din trn bn v thnh mt khi mi.
Command line: -Block
Block name (or ?): (nhp tn khi hoc ?)
insertion base point: (nhp im c s chn)
Select object: (chn cc i tng cn nhm vo khi)
Block name
Tn ca khi c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng cc k t c bit ht nh ($), (-), (_).
Nu nhp vo mt tn khi trng vi mt tn khi no ang tn ti, AutoCAD s nhc:
Block <tn> already exists: (khi <tn>ang tn ti).
Sau khi xc nh tn khi:
Nu tn khi tn ti th AutoCAD hin dng nhc
Redifine it? <N>: (nh ngha li khi khng? Nu Y (yes)) c nh ngha li, cn N (No)
l khng nh ngha li v thot khi lnh Block.
Nu tn khi cha tn ti th AutoCAD s yu cu xc nh im c s chn, y l
im c dng chn khi vo bn v. Tuy im ny c th ly bt k nhng thun
tin cho qu trnh qun l v s dng khi cn chn im ny l im c trng ca khi.
Insertion base point: To im c s (1)
Tip theo AutoCAD yu cu xc nh cc i tng thnh phn ca khi cng bng dng
nhc
select object: Chn cc i tng nhm thnh mt khi
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153
Sau khi nh ngha khi xong, cc nguyn th c nhm thnh khi s bin mt. Nu
mun phc hi phi dng lnh OOps.
? -- Listing Previously Defined Blocks
Nu tr li dng nhc ban u bng ?, AutoCAD s cho php lit k mt hoc nhiu khi
c. Khi s c dng nhc
Block (s) name to list <*>: (nhp tn mt hoc nhiu khi, hoc Enter yu cu lit k tt
c cc khi c nh ngha trong bn v hin hnh).
Cc tham s ca lnh Block trn y cng c th c khai bo thng qua hp thoi (hnh
6.8) nu ta nhp lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau :
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Block -> Make...
Command line: Block
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Bm
Bm
6.11. L nh ATTDEF
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156
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Tn khi = ~
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6.13. L nh MINSERT
Chn mt khi vo nhiu v tr c sp xp thnh mng
C th xem lnh minsert nh l lnh n kt hp t hai lnh insert v array
rectangular. V d ta nh chn i tng Gh bnh vo bn v vi 3 hng v 5 ct i
tng (hnh 6.11). Th t tin hnh nh sau:
Command line: minsert
Command: minsert
Enter block name or [?] <Gh bnh>:
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: chn
mt im bt u chn
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: chn t l
hng X hoc
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: chn t l hng Y
Specify rotation angle <0>: chn gc quay cho i tng
Enter number of rows (---) <1>: 3 (3 hng)
Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: 5 (5 ct)
Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): 20 (khong cch gia cc
hng
Specify distance between columns (|||): 20 (khong cch gia cc ct)
Lu : sau lnh minsert ta thm vo bn v mt khi, do l mt khi v vy khng th
hiu chnh (xa hay di v.v...) ring tng khi. Du sao (*) cng khng c s dng t
trc tn khi trong lnh minsert.
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H nh 6.11 - S d ng l nh Minsert.
6.14. L nh DIVIDE
Lnh chia i tng v thnh nhiu phn bng nhau
Lnh Divide chia mt i tng thnh nhiu phn c di bng nhau v t cc im
nh du (point) dc theo i tng ti cc im chia.
T Draw menu, chn Point-> Divide
Command line: Divide
Select object to divide: chn i tng cn chia
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: B
Enter name of block to insert: Gh bnh
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: Y
Enter the number of segments: 10
H nh 6.12 - S d ng l nh Divide.
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6.15.
L nh MEASURE
H nh 6.13 - S d ng l nh Measure.
Length of segment
Ty thuc vo im khi chn i tng gn u no, AutoCAD s bt u o t u .
on cui cng c th ngn hn cc on khc. Ti cc im chia c nh du bng
point.
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6.16. L nh WBLOCK
Ghi block ra a
Cho php ghi ton b hay mt phn bn v hay mt khi nh ngha thnh mt file
bn v mi khi cn c th chn vo bn v nh mt khi.
Command line: Wblock
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 6.14. Qua NSD c th t tn v ghi File File
cho khi v nh ngha.
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H nh 6.14 - S d ng l nh Measure.
Block : ghi khi ra File, chc nng ny s cho php ta s xut mt trong cc khi
(Block) nh ngha ra File.
Entire drawing : La chn ny cho php ghi ton b cc ni dung trn bn v
hin ti ra File.
Objects : Ch ghi mt s i tng theo ch nh ca NSD. Vi la chn ny th
NSD phi c thm ddonjg tc chn i tng
; chn im chn
.
File name : nhp vo tn File s ghi ca khi.
Location : a ch ghi File. C th bm
thoi.
Insert units : n v tnh ca Block.
Sau khi la chn ng cc tham s trn bm chn
kt thc lnh.
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6.17. L nh EXPLODE
Lnh lm tan khi
Lnh explode tan khi (k c khi n danh nh kch thc, mu mt ct v.v... do AutoCAD
nh ngha) v thay th bng cc nguyn th to ra khi .
Lnh ny c tc dng khi cn hiu chnh cc nguyn th thnh phn ca khi.
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Explode
Command line: Explode
Select object: (chn khi cn lm tan)
Lu : khng th lm tan (explode) cc i tng sau:
Cc khi c chn bng lnh minsert.
Cc khi c t l X, Y, Z khng bng nhau.
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Trnh by v in bn v
trong Autocad
Khi l nh tra cu
7.1. L nh LIST
Lit k thng tin c s d liu ca mt hay mt nhm i tng c la chn
Lnh List cho php lit k cc d liu (lp, mu sc, im t...) ca mt hay nhiu i
tng.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Tools menu, chn Inquiry>List
Command line: list
Select object: (chn i tng cn kho st)
s thy xt hin cc thng tin m t i tng . V d sau khi chn i tng l BLock
Gh bnh s thy xut hin cc thng tin.
Select objects:
BLOCK REFERENCE Layer: "0"
Space: Model space
Handle = 1B3
"Gh bnh"
at point, X= 38.1225 Y= 34.3266 Z= 0.0000
X scale factor 1.0000
Y scale factor 1.0000
rotation angle
0
Z scale factor 1.0000
7.2. L nh DBLIST
Lit k thng tin ca tt c cc i tng trn bn v
Command line: dblist
7.3. L nh DIST
o khong cch v o gc
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7.4. L nh ID
Hin th to mt im trn mn hnh
Lnh id cho php lit k cc d liu (lp, mu sc, im t...) ca mt hay nhiu i
tng.
T Tools menu, chn Inquiry>ID Point
Command line: id
Point: (ch ra im cn xc nh ta )
7.5. L nh AREA
o din tch v chu vi
Lnh Area dng o din tch mt vng xc nh v chu vi ng bao vng . Cc vng
c th o c bng lnh Area bao gm: polygon, polyline, circle.
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167
Object
o din tch vng gii hn bi i tng c chn v di ca i tng .
Add
Ty chn ny s t lnh Area trong mode cng, cho php cng din tch v chu vi tng
ng vi nhiu vng. AutoCAD cui cng s hin th tng din tch cc vng c chn.
Subtract
Ty chn ny t lnh Area trong mode tr, ngc li vi mode cng.
Khi cc l nh i u khi n mn h nh
7.6. L nh ZOOM
Thu phng hnh v trn bn v
Lnh Zoom cho php phng to hay thu nh hnh v ang hin th trn mn hnh nhng kch
thc thc ca chng vn c gi nguyn.
T View menu, chn Zoom
Command line: zoom
All / Center / Dynamic / Extents / Previous / Scale(X/XP) / Window / <Realtime>:
Realtime
Thu phng bn v trn mn hnh thng qua biu tng :
Nhn phm Esc kt thc lnh.
All
Ty chn ny cho php xem trn mn hnh ton
b hnh v (gii hn c t bi lnh Limits).
Nu hnh v vt qu gii hn hnh v, mn hnh
s hin th ton b hnh v ny.
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Center
Ty chn ny cho php xc nh mt
ca s c tm v chiu gim ln ca
ca s cn zoom. Mun hin th vng
c chn ln mn hnh cn phi nhn
phm Enter. Nu chn ca s hin th
bn trong khung mu s tng tc zoom.
Dynamic
Hin th mt mn hnh c bit gm mt s phn:
- Mt khung ch nht mu trng (hay en) bao ton b phn v (extents).
- Mt khung ch nht mu xanh (hay tm) ch vng mn hnh trc .
- Bn du gc vung mu ch vng mn hnh m ta c th zoom vi tc cao.
quan st c nh dng ban u bng vi
khung ch nht mu xanh m ta c th di
chuyn ny bng thit b ch im chn
vng mn hnh cn hin th. Du X ch tm
ca quan st , c th ri duX ti v tr
cn thit ri nhy chut. Khi du s c thay th bng mi tn ch vo cnh phi cho
php tng hay gim.
Extents
Hin th phn v va kht mn hnh.
Previous
Ty chn ny cho php phc hi li mn hnh trc . AutoCAD lu c 10 mn hnh
trc , do c th zoom previous li 10 ln cao quy nh.
Scale
T l tham chiu n ton cnh: l t l thu phng hnh v
so vi kch thc thc ca chng khi c nh ngha
bng lnh Limits. T l bng 1 s hin th ln mn hnh
ton b hnh v (ton cnh) c gii hn bng lnh
limits. T l ln hn 1 l phng to cn thu nh hn 1 l thu nh hnh v.
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169
Window
Hin th trn mn hnh phn hnh v c xc
nh bng mt ca s ch nht.
7.7. L nh PAN
X dch bn v trn mn hnh
Lnh Pan cho php x dch hnh v trn mn hnh c th xem c tt c cc phn khc
nhau ca hnh v m khng thay i kch thc hin hnh.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T View menu, chn Pan>Realtime
Command line: Pan
Dispiscement: (vo di hay im gc)
Second point: ( hay vo im th hai)
Nu vo di v cho nhc nh th hai th cnh trn mn hnh s trt theo di a
vo. Nu xc nh im gc v im th hai, cnh s
trt theo di t im gc ti im th hai.
Hnh v bn minh ha cng dng ca lnh Pan.
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7.8. L nh VIEW
Cho php t tn, lu gi, xo, gi mt cnh mn hnh
T View menu, chn Named Views
Command line: View
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Nu mun bit thng tin v phn din tch th hin trn mn hnh, bn ch cn chn
tn ca ca s th hin ri nhn nt Details... Bn s nhn c mt khung ca s
vi cc thng tin sau:
cc L nh i u khi n my in
Cc l nh nh dng v i u khi n trang in l mt trong nhng l nh quan trng v
phc tp nh t ca AutoCAD. K t phin bn AutoCAD 2000 nhm cc l nh ny
c nhng ci ti n vt b c, gip cho ngi s dng c thm nhi u la chn mi,
tng thm ch t lng cho cc trang in. Vi c hi u r v s dng thnh tho cc l nh
nh dng v i u khi n trang in l y u t quan trng v c n thi t c c cc
bn in mt cch nhanh chng ng tiu chu n k thu t v c ch t lng cao.
7.9. L nh LAYOUT
L nh nh dng trang in
Layout c hiu l m phng phn th hin bn v trn giy. Vi mt bn v ta c th
thit lp nhiu Layouts, mi Layout tng ng vi mt phng n in c th (c c giy,
cu hnh my in c th). Trong mi Layout cng c th to v nh v tr cho Viewport; c
th thm BLock khung tn hoc cc i tng v khc. Nh vy ti mi trang Layout
khng ch lu tr cc thng tin thuc i tng v m cn c nhiu thng tin khc l :
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my in, kh giy, hng in v.v.. cho Layout ny c thc hin thng qua hp thoi (hnh
7.5).
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) cc
176
Nhy chut vo ny, AutoCAD s xut hin hp thoi pen assignments cho php
iu khin s phn nh v mu sc (color), bt, loi ng nt (linetype), tc
(Speed) v b rng (width) bt cho my v hin thi.
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7.10. L nh PLOT
Xut bn v ra giy
Lnh plot cho php xut bn v ra cc thit b ci t hay xut bn v thnh cc file hnh
v khc nhau c nh hnh.
180
H nh 7.11 - In bn v ra File.
Cc l nh to v hi u ch nh khung nh n ng
Khung nhn ng (Floatting Viewports) l mt i tng c bit ca AutoCAD. Ti mi
Viewport NSD c th di hnh (Move), xoay hnh, thay i kch thc v.v... sau cc
Viewports c th c t trn cc Layout ( chun b in). V cc Viewport l cc i
tng ca AutotCAD nn ta khng th trc tip hiu chnh chng trn cc Layout, mi vic
hiu chnh phi c tin hnh t Model tab. Cc hiu chnh t Model tab khng ch c
hiu lc trn Model tab m sau khi hiu chnh chng s c t ng cp nht n tt c
cc Viewport v Layout c lin quan.
Mt li th ca Floating Viewport l trn tng Viewport ta c th lm ng cc lp theo
nhng ring bit. iu c ngha l ta c th xut ra giy cc bn v c phn th
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181
7.12. L nh VPORTS
To mt Floating Viewport
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T View menu, chn Viewport -> New Viewport
182
H nh 7.13 - To v hi u ch nh Viewport.
Trn thanh Setup : nu ta chn li l 3D th ti bng danh sch Change view to s
tng ng xut hin cc hnh chiu 3 chiu.
Preview : th hin hnh nh ca Viewport s xt hin trn trang in. Bm chut ln
mt no ti y ta c th chn li kiu th hin ca ca s (v d bm chn
gc phn t th nht [phi trn bn tri] - ri chn vng ny th hin Top t
[Change view to]).
7.13. L nh MVIEW
To v sp xp cc khung nhn ng.
Command line: Mview (hoc -Vport)
Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Hideplot/Lock/Object/ Polygonal/
Restore/ 2/ 3/ 4] <Fit>: chn mt im
Specify opposite corner: chn im gc th 2
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183
Regenerating model.
ON/OFF : lm hin (n) cc i tng trong Layout hin ti (bng cch bm chn
i tng trn mn hnh).
Hideplot : che nt khut cho cc i tng trn Layout hin ti;
Fit : to Viewport va kht vng ho
Lock : kho Viewport c chn
Object : ch nh mt ng bao kn chuyn chng thnh ng bao ca
Viewport.
Polygonal : to mt Viewport c hnh dng bt k bng cch ch nh cc nh ca
a gic. Cc tham s yu cu nhp vo tng t nh khi thc hin lnh Pline.
2 / 3 / 4 : cho php to Viewport c 2 hoc 3 hoc 4 ca s.
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khng c ng kch thc chng hn. Nu dng lnh Layer tt lp DIM (lp ghi ng
kch thc) th trn c 2 Viewport ng kch thc s cng b tt. Vy t c mc
ch ny ta phi s dng lnh VPLayer nh sau
Command line: Vplayer
Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt]: F (Freeze)
Enter layer name(s) to freeze or <select objects>: DIM
Enter an option [All/Select/Current] <Current>: A (ton b)
Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt]: kt thc
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Li Kt
AutoCAD l b chng trnh s, vi hng trm hm ho, trong mi hm li cha
khng t cc kh nng phn nhnh, v vy khng th ch vi trn di hai trm trang ti liu
ny m c th trnh by c ht ci hay, ci tinh t ca chng trnh. Ngay bn thn b
sch hng dn s dng ca hng AutoDesk cng phi tnh n c ngn trang, v th trong
khun kh c hn, ti liu ny khng nhm mc ch hng dn chi tit cch s dng
AutoCAD. Cc ni dung trnh by u c c lm gin lc, rt gn, nhiu ni dung
thm ch cn cha c cp. Tuy nhin khi vit ti liu ny tc gi ng trn quan
im ca mt ngi lm cng tc thit k k thut. Trong sch c gn lc ch gii
thiu nhng lnh c bn nht, thng dng nht trong AutoCAD. Nhng lnh gii thiu
tuy cha p ng nhu cu, to nn nhng bn v honh trng hay nhng bn v k
thut chuyn su, tuy nhin n l ngi hc c th s dng, to nn hu ht cc
bn v k thut (thuc cc ngnh c kh, xy dng, giao thng, thu li, kin trc, in,
nc...).
Do qu ch n yu cu ngn gn nn cch trnh by trong ti liu ny hn s cha lm
va lng mt s bn c. Tuy th ngi vit ti liu ny cng hy vng, cc ni dung vit ra
phn no gip gii thiu chng trnh AutoCAD n bn c l cc nh k thut thuc
nhng ngnh ngh lin quan. Vi gn 100 lnh c bn nht c gii thiu trn y, nu
c iu kin thc hnh trn my cng vi tnh kin tr v lng quyt tm, chc chn bn
c vn c th to ra cc bn v xy dng chun v p, p ng yu cu ngnh ngh ca
mnh.
tin cho phn tra cu v tm hiu thm v AutoCAD, phn cui ca ti liu xin c lit
k cc lnh v phm tt cho cc lnh . y l cc lnh thng gp ca AutoCAD c
xp theo th t vn ABC (trong c c cc lnh cha tng c gii thiu trong ti liu
ny).
186
Cc l nh v ph m t t ca AutoCAD 2002
S
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
3DARRAY
3a
3DFACE
3f
To mt b m t 3 chi u.
3DPOLY
3p
ALIGN
al
S p x p i tng.
APPLOAD
ap
ARC
V cung tr n.
AREA
aa
o di n t ch v chu vi.
ARRAY
ar
Sao ch p i tng.
ATTDEF
att
10
ATTEDIT
ate
11
BHATCH
h, bh
12
BLOCK
13
BOUNDARY
bo
14
BREAK
br
15
CHAMFER
cha
L m vt gc cho mt i tng.
16
CHANGE
-ch
17
CIRCLE
18
COPY
co, cp
TT
Tc d ng ca l nh
i n y m u t cho mt vng k n.
nh ngh a 1 khi t cc i tng nh d u.
To 1 mi n ho c 1 ng a tuy n t mt vng
ng k n.
V mt v ng tr ng.
Sao ch p 1 i tng.
187
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
19
DDEDIT
ed
Sa x u k t v cc thuc t nh.
20
DDVPOINT
vp
21
DIMALIGNED
dal, dimali
22
DIMANGULAR
dan, dimang
23
DIMBASELINE
dba
24
DIMCENTER
dce
nh d u v tr t m ca v ng tr n ho c cung tr n.
25
DIMCONTINUE
dco, dimcont
26
DIMDIAMETER
ddi, dimdia
27
DIMEDIT
ded ,dimed
Sa ng ghi k ch thc.
28
DIMLINEAR
dli, dimlin
To mt ng ghi k ch thc.
29
DIMORDINATE
dor, dimord
To 1 i m ghi k ch thc.
30
DIMOVERRIDE
dov, dimover
31
DIMRADIUS
dra, dimrad
32
DIMSTYLE
33
DIMTEDIT
dimted
34
DIST
di
35
DIVIDE
div
36
DONUT
do
TT
d, dst,
ddim,dimsty
Tc d ng ca l nh
V v i n y mt v ng tr n ho c mt v nh
khuyn.
188
S
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
Tc d ng ca l nh
37
DRAWORDER
dr
38
DSVIEWER
av
M ca s trgip.
39
DTEXT
dt
40
DVIEW
dv
41
ELLIPSE
el
42
ERASE
Xo i tng khi bn v.
43
EXPLODE
44
EXPORT
exp
45
EXTEND
ex
M rng i tng v.
46
EXTRUDE
ext
47
FILLET
l m tr n gc ca 2 ng th ng.
48
FILTER
fi
Lc i tng.
49
GROUP
50
HATCH
-h
51
HATCHEDIT
he
Sa m u t .
51
HIDE
hi
52
IMAGE
im
53
IMAGEADJUST
iad
54
IMAGEATTACH
iat
TT
189
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
55
IMAGECLIP
icl
56
IMPORT
imp
57
INSERT
i, ddinsert
58
INSERTOBJ
io
59
INTERFERE
inf
60
INTERSECT
in
T m ph n giao ca 2 mi n ng k n.
61
LAYER
la, ddlmodes
62
LEADER
lead
63
LENGTHEN
len
K o d i mt i tng.
64
LINE
65
LINETYPE
66
LIST
li, ls
67
LTSCALE
lts
68
MATCHPROP
ma
69
MEASURE
me
70
MIRROR
mi
L nh l y i x ng g ng.
71
MLINE
ml
72
MOVE
TT
lt, ltype,
ddltype
Tc d ng ca l nh
C t mt ph n h nh vv to thnh 1 i tng Image
mi.
Chn File nh v o AutoCAD .
Chn khi v o bn v.
i u khi n lp.
V 1 ng th ng.
nh ki u ng v.
Hi n th cc thng tin v nhm i tng nh d u.
t h s t l n t v.
Copy thuc t nh t mt i tng sang i tng
khc.
190
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
73
MSPACE
ms
74
MTEXT
t, mt
75
MVIEW
mv
76
OFFSET
77
OPTIONS
78
OSNAP
os, ddosnap
79
PAN
X d ch bn v trn m n h nh.
80
PASTESPEC
pa
81
PEDIT
pe
L nh sa i cc ng a tuy n Polyline.
82
PLINE
pl
L nh v ng a tuy n.
83
PLOT
84
POINT
po
V mt i m c to nh trc.
85
POLYGON
pol
V a gic u.
86
PREVIEW
pre
TT
Tc d ng ca l nh
Chuy n ki u hi n th vng v.
L nh vi t nhi u d ng ch trn bn v th ng qua
hp hi thoi.
To i m nh n ng.
L nh v song song.
Gi hp thoi chn t i u ch nh cc tham
s
B t i m c bi t ca mt i tng.
Xu t bn v ra gi y.
PROPERTIES
ddmodify,
ddchprop
88
PSPACE
ps
89
PURGE
pu
Chuy n ki u hi n th vng v.
Xo cc tn v bi n khng dng n ( lm gn
k ch thc bn v).
191
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
90
QUIT
exit
91
RECTANG
rec
V h nh ch nh t.
92
REDRAW
93
REDRAWALL
ra
94
REGEN
re
95
REGENALL
rea
96
REGION
reg
97
RENAME
ren
i tn mt i tng.
98
RENDER
rr
99
REVOLVE
rev
100
ROTATE
ro
Xoay i tng.
101
RPREF
rpr
102
SCALE
sc
103
SCRIPT
scr
104
SECTION
sec
To m t c t ca mt m t ph ng vi mt h nh khi.
105
SETVAR
set
106
SHADE
sha
nh bng bn v.
107
SLICE
sl
108
SNAP
sn
TT
Tc d ng ca l nh
192
S
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
Tc d ng ca l nh
109
SOLID
so
To ra mt ng a tuy n ng k n c t c.
110
SPELL
sp
111
SPLINE
spl
To ra cc ng cong b c 2 ho c b c 3.
112
SPLINEDIT
spe
Sa i tng Spline.
113
STRETCH
Di chuy n ho c k o dn i tng.
114
STYLE
st
nh ki u cho cc k t .
115
SUBTRACT
su
116
TABLET
ta
B t (t t) k t ni ti b n s ho.
117
THICKNESS
th
d y ng v.
118
TOLERANCE
tol
119
TOOLBAR
to
Hi n ( n) cc thanh c ng c ca AutoCAD .
120
TORUS
tor
To h nh bnh xe.
121
TRIM
tr
L nh c t ng c i tng ch n.
122
UNION
uni
123
UNITS
un, ddunits
124
VIEW
v, ddview
125
VPOINT
-vp
126
WBLOCK
TT
193
Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho
Tn l nh
Ph m t t
Tc d ng ca l nh
127
WEDGE
we
128
XATTACH
xa
129
XBIND
xb
nh mt bi u tng c l p v o bn v.
130
XLINE
xl
To mt ng th ng d i v hn.
131
XREF
xr
132
ZOOM
TT