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H

Cng ty Hi Ho

V k thut
vi AutoCAD 2002

H ni 2003

Cng ty Hi ho

V k thut
vi autocad 2002
Dng cho o to AutoCAD 2002. Chng tr nh o c bn
14 ng y, cho cc i tng hc vin l k s, cn b, cng
nh n vin k thu t, thuc cc ng nh x y dng, ki n trc,
giao thng, thu li, i n, nc...

H ni 2003

Mc lc
1.

Nhp mn
1.1. Tnh tin ch ca AutoCAD
1.2. Giao din ca AutotCAD
1.3. Menu v Toolbar ca AutoCAD
1.3.1. Menu Bar
1.3.2. Toolbar
1.3.3. Cc phm nng trong AutoCAD
1.4. Cc lnh thit lp bn v
1.4.1. Lnh NEW khi to mt bn v mi
1.4.2. Lnh OPEN m tp bn v hin c
1.4.3. Lnh SAVE, SAVEAS lu bn v ln a
1.4.4. Lnh QUIT thot khi AutoCAD
1.4.5. Lnh UNITS (DDUNITS) t n v cho bn v
1.4.6. Lnh LIMITS t v iu chnh vng v
1.4.7. Lnh GRID t cc im to li cho bn v
1.4.8. Lnh SNAP to bc nhy cho con tr
1.4.9. Cc phng php nhp to im
1.4.10. Lnh OSNAP tr gip truy tm i tng
1.4.11. Lnh ORTHO t ch v trc giao

2.

Cc lnh v c bn
2.1. Lnh LINE v cc on thng
2.2. Lnh CIRCLE v hnh trn
2.3. Lnh ARC v cung trn
2.4. Lnh ELLIPSE v elip hoc mt cung elip
2.5. Lnh PLINE v ng a tuyn
2.6. Lnh POLYGON v a gic u
2.7. Lnh RECTANG v hnh ch nht
2.8. Lnh SPLINE v ng cong
2.9. Lnh POINT v mt im trn mn hnh
2.10. Lnh DDPTYPE chn kiu v kch thc cho im v
2.11. Lnh ERASE xo i tng la chn khi bn v
2.12. Lnh TRIM xn mt phn i tng
2.13. Lnh BREAK xo mt phn i tng
2.14. Lnh EXTEND ko di i tng n mt ng bin xc nh
2.15. Lnh LENGTHEN thay i chiu di i tng
2.16. Lnh CHAMFER lm vt mt i tng

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3.

Php bin i hnh, sao chp hnh v qun l bn v theo lp

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Cc lnh sao chp v bin i hnh


3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.9.

Lnh MOVE di chuyn mt hay nhiu i tng


Lnh ROTATE xoay i tng quanh mt im theo mt gc
Lnh SCALE thay i kch thc i tng v
Lnh MIRROR ly i xng gng
Lnh STRETCH ko gin i tng v
Lnh COPY sao chp i tng
Lnh OFFSET v song song
Lnh ARRAY sao chp i tng theo dy
Lnh FILLET bo trong mp i tng

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Cc lnh lm vic vi lp
3.10.
3.11.
3.12.
3.13.

4.

Lnh LAYER to lp mi
Lnh LINETYPE to, np, t kiu ng
Lnh LTSCALE hiu chnh t l ng nt
Lnh PROPERTIES thay i thuc tnh

V K hiu vt liu, ghi v hiu chnh vn bn

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Cc lnh v k hiu mt ct
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.

Mt ct v hnh ct
Trnh t v hnh ct, mt ct
Lnh FILL bt tt ch in y i tng
Lnh BHATCH v k hiu vt liu trong mt ct
Lnh HATCH v k hiu vt liu trong mt ct thng qua ca s lnh
Lnh HATCHEDIT hiu chnh mt ct

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Cc lnh ghi v hiu chnh vn bn trong AutoCAD 2002


4.7. trnh t nhp vn bn vo trong bn v
4.8. Lnh STYLE t kiu cho k t
4.9. Lnh TEXT, DTEXT vit ch ln bn v
4.10. Lnh MTEXT vit ch ln bn v thng qua hp thoi
4.11. Lnh QTEXT hin th dng k t theo dng rt gn
4.12. Nhp ting Vit trong AutoCAD

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Cc lnh v v to hnh
4.13.
4.14.
4.15.
4.16.

Lnh XLINE (Construction Line) v ng thng


Lnh RAY v na ng thng
Lnh DONUT v hnh vnh khn
Lnh TRACE v on thng c dy

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4.17.
4.18.
4.19.
4.20.
4.21.
4.22.
4.23.
4.24.
4.25.

5.

Lnh SOLID v mt min c t c


Lnh MLINE v on thng song song
Lnh MLSTYLE to kiu cho lnh v MLINE
Lnh MLEDIT hiu chnh i tng v MLINE
Lnh REGION to min t cc hnh ghp
Lnh UNION cng cc vng REGION
Lnh SUBTRACT tr cc vng REGION
Lnh INTERSEC ly giao ca cc vng REGION
Lnh BOUNDARY to ng bao ca nhiu i tng

cc lnh ghi v hiu chnh kch thc


5.1. Khi nim
5.2. Lnh DIMLINEAR ghi kch thc theo on thng
5.3. Lnh DIMRADIUS v kch thc cho bn knh vng trn, cung trn
5.4. Lnh DIMCENTER to du tm cho vng trn, cung trn
5.5. Lnh DIMDIAMETER ghi kch thc theo ng knh
5.6. Lnh DIMANGULAR ghi kch thc theo gc
5.7. Lnh DIMORDINATE ghi kch thc theo to im
5.8. Lnh DIMBASELINE ghi kch thc thng qua ng ging
5.9. Lnh DIMCONTINUE ghi kch thc theo on k tip nhau
5.10. Lnh LEADER ghi kch thc theo ng dn
5.11. Lnh TOLERANCE ghi dung sai
5.12. Lnh DIMTEDT sa v tr v gc ca ng ghi kch thc
5.13. Lnh DIMSTYLE hiu chnh kiu ng ghi kch thc
5.14. Lnh DIMEDIT sa thuc tnh ng kch thc

6.

Cc lnh hiu chnh, cc lnh lm vic vi khi

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Cc lnh hiu chnh


6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.

Lnh SELECT la chn i trong bn v


Lnh CHANGE thay i thuc tnh ca i tng
Lnh DDGRIPS (OPTIONS) iu khin Grip thng qua hp thoi
Lnh BLIPMODE hin (n) du (+) khi ch im v
Lnh GROUP t tn cho mt nhm i tng
Lnh ISOPLANE s dng li v ng c
Lnh DSETTINGS to li cho bn v thng qua hp thoi
Lnh PEDIT sa i thuc tnh cho ng a tuyn
Lnh FIND

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Cc lnh lm vic vi khi


6.10. Lnh BLOCK nh ngha mt khi mi

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6.11.
6.12.
6.13.
6.14.
6.15.
6.16.
6.17.

7.

Lnh ATTDEF gn thuc tnh cho khi


Lnh INSERT chn khi vo bn v thng qua hp thoi
Lnh MINSERT chn khi vo bn v thnh nhiu i tng
Lnh DIVIDE chia i tng v thnh nhiu phn bng nhau
Lnh MEASURE chia i tng theo di
Lnh WBLOCK ghi khi ra a
Lnh EXPLORE phn r khi

Trnh by v in bn v trong AutoCAD

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Khi cc lnh tra cu


7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.

Lnh LIST lit k thng tin CSDL ca i tng


Lnh DBLIST lit k thng tin ca tt c i tng
Lnh DIST c lng khong cch v gc
Lnh ID hin th to im trn mn hnh
Lnh AREA o din tch v chu vi

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Khi cc lnh iu khin mn hnh


7.6. Lnh ZOOM thu phng hnh trn bn v
7.7. Lnh PAN x dch bn v tn mn hnh
7.8. Lnh VIEW t tn, lu gi, xo, gi mt Viewport

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Cc lnh iu khin my in
7.9. Lnh LAYOUT nh dng trang in
7.9.1. Trang Plot Device
7.9.2. Trang Layout Settings
7.10. Lnh PLOT xut bn v ra giy

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Cc lnh to hnh v hiu chnh khung in


7.11.
7.12.
7.13.
7.14.

Lnh Layout (Template) to mt Viewport t mu


Lnh VPORTS to mt khung hnh ng
Lnh MVIEW to v sp xp cc khung hnh ng
Lnh VPLAYER iu khin s hin th lp trn khung hnh ng

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Li kt

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Cc lnh v phm tt trong AutoCAD 2002

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Bi tp thc hnh

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Nhp mn
1.1. T nh ti n ch ca AUTOCAD
CAD l ch vit tt ca cm t ting Anh Computer Aided Desingn. Hin nay thut ng
CAD ngy cng tr nn ph bin trong k thut ni chung v trong ngnh xy dng ni
ring. N to ra mt phng php thit k mi cho cc kin trc s v k s xy dng.
Trong ting Vit n c ngha l thit k trn my tnh hay cng c th gi l thit k vi
s h tr cu my tnh.
Vic thit k trn my vi tnh gip cho bn c th ln c nhiu phng n trong mt
thi gian ngn v sa i bn v mt cc nhanh chng v d dng hn rt nhiu so vi
cch lm th cng. Ngoi ra bn c th tra hi cc din tch, khong cch...trc tip trn
my.
AutoCAD l mt phn mn thit k trn my vi tnh c nhn c s dng tng i
rng ri trong cc ngnh :
Thit k kin trc - xy dng v trang tr ni tht.
Thit k h thng in, nc.
Thit k c kh, ch to my.
Thit k h thng chiu sng cho cc cng trnh vn ho nh trong cc rp chiu
phim, nh ht...
Thit lp h thng bn .
Ti Vit Nam AUTOCAD tng c bit n t trn 10 nm tr li y. Tnh tin ch
ca n ngy cng chinh phc c ng o i ng cc k s, kin trc s thuc
nhiu n v, ngnh ngh khc nhau trong c nc. Cho n nay mc d cc ng dng
ho phc v vic vic v v thit k k thut xut hin thm nhiu chng trnh mi,
c giao din hoc mt s tnh nng k thut rt ni tri, song xt v ton cc, tht kh c
chng trnh no vt hn c AUTOCAD . Ngy nay AUTOCAD tht s tr thnh
mt b phn khng th thiu c i vi rt nhiu n v thit k, thm k xy dng.
Vic v v xut bn v t AUTOCAD tr thnh iu ng nhin nu khng ni l
bt buc i vi hu ht cc h s thit k cng trnh.
Phin bn AutoCAD 2002
Mi phin bn ca AutoCAD li km theo nhng c im mi, nhng ci tin v b
xung tin ch mi. Nhn xt vi 03 phin bn gn y nht l AutoCAD 14; AutoCAD
2000 v AutoCAD 2002 cho thy :
Phin bn AutoCAD 2000 so vi AutoCAD 14 c s thay i ln v giao
din. T ch ch c th m tng ti liu (Single Document), chuyn sang ch
cho php m nhiu ti liu cng lc ( Multiple Document). Ch thu phng

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

hnh linh hot thay cho ch thu phng thng qua hp cng c (hoc dng
lnh)...
AutoCAD 2002 k tha cc tnh nng u vit ca AutoCAD 2000 v cung cp
thm nhiu cng c thit k; cc c tnh; cc tiu chun; h tr mnh m vic
chia s v tch hp thng tin...

Tuy nhin cng nh cc hng phn mm ln khc, vic pht trin cho ra i cc phin
bn tip sau bao gi cng l s pht trin, k tha nhng tinh hoa t phin bn trc do
vy xt trn phng din ngi dng th cng phin bn sau chng trnh cng tr nn
d s dng; tnh nng cng mnh m hn v cng gip cho vic thit k tr nn nhanh
chng, d dng v hiu qu hn.
Cc i hi v c u h nh
AutoCAD 2002 yu cu cn c mi trng h iu hnh l Windows 98; Windows ME;
Windows 2000; Windows XP... vi cu hnh my ti thiu l Pentium 233 (hoc tng
ng), 64MB Ram; b hin th Video c phn gii 800600 ch mu ti thiu l
256 mu.
1.2. Giao di n ca AutoCAD
Sau khi khi ng AutoCAD s xut hin mn hnh lm vic ca AutoCAD . Ton b
khung mn hnh c th c chia lm 4 vng :
Vng III

Vng I

Vng IV

Vng II

H nh 1.1 - M n h nh giao di n ca AUTOCAD 2002.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Vng I
Chim phn ln din tch mn hnh. Vng ny cng th hin bn v m bn s thc hin
v c gi l vng Graphic (phn mn hnh dnh cho ho). Trong sut qu trnh v trn
vng ho xut hin hai si tc (Crosshairs) giao nhau, mt si hng theo phng trc
X mt hng theo phng trc Y. Khi ta di chuyn chut si tc cungc chuyn ng theo
v dng nhc cui mn hnh (vng II) s hin th to giao im ca hai si tc (cng
chnh l to con tr chut).
Vng II
Ch dng trng thi (dng tnh trng - Status line). y xut hin mt s thng s v chc
nng ca bn v (Status Bar). Cc Status Bar ny va l cc thng bo v trng thi (chn
hoc khng chn), va l hp chn (khi bm chut vo y trng thi s c chuyn
ngc li). V d khi ch bt im (SNAP) ang l ON, nu ta bm chut vo ch
SNAP trn dng trng thi th ch bt im (SNAP) s c chuyn thnh OFF.
Vng III
Vng gm cc menu lnh v cc thanh cng c. Mi Menu hay mi nt hnh tng trn
thanh cng c tng ng vi mt lnh ca AutoCAD , s c gii thiu k hn mc 1.3.
Vng IV
Vng dng lnh (Dng nhc). Khi bn nhp lnh vo t bn phm hoc gi lnh t Menu
th cu lnh s hin th sau t Command:
Lm vic vi AutoCAD l mt qu trnh hi thoi vi my, do bn phi thng xuyn
quan st dng lnh trong AutoCAD c th kim tra xem lnh nhp hoc gi ng
cha.

1.3. Menu v Toolbar ca AutoCAD


Trong AutoCAD 2002 hu ht cc lnh u c th c chn thng qua Menu hoc
Toolbar ca chng trnh. y l cc phn t mn hnh dng tch cc n gip ta thc hin
c cc lnh ca AutoCAD m khng nht thit phi nh tn lnh. Nhng cng c ny rt
hu ch vi nhng ngi ln u tin lm vic vi AutoCAD, tuy nhin vic thc hin lnh
thng qua Menu (hoc Toolbar) cng i hi ngi s dng phi lin tc di chuyn chut
n cc hp cng c hoc chc nng Menu tng ng, do vy thi gian thc hin bn v c
th cng ko di thm i cht. Vi nhng ngi thnh tho AutoCAD cch thc hin
bn v a s c thng qua dng lnh (vng IV), vi cc cch vit lnh theo phm tt

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

(cch vit rt gn). Tuy nhin t n trnh cn c thi gian rn luyn, lm quen
vi cc lnh v dn tin ti vic nh tn, nh phm tt ca lnh .v.v...

1.3.1. Menu Bar


AutoCAD 2002 c 11 danh mc Menu (vng III), cc Menu ny c xp ngay bn di
dng tiu . l cc Menu dng ko xung (Pull down menu), cc chc nng Nenu s
xut hin y khi la kch chut ln danh mc ca menu . Tn v chc nng chnh ca
cc danh mc Menu c cho trong bng sau :
Bng 7.1 - Danh m c Menu
TT

Minh ho

Chc nng

File Menu

Menu ny m trch ton b cc chc nng lm


vic vi File trn a (m File, ghi File, xut
nhp File...). Ngoi ra cn m nhn vic nh
dng trang in; khai bo cc tham s iu khin
vic xut cc s liu trn bn v hin ti ra giy
hoc ra File...

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Menu Edit

Lin quan n cc chc nng chnh sa s liu


dng tng qut : nh du vn bn sao lu vo
b nh tm thi (Copy); dn (Paste) s liu t b
nh tm thi ra trang hnh hin ti....

Menu View

Lin quan n cc chc nng th hin mn hnh


AutoCAD. Khi phc mn hnh (Redraw); thu
phng hnh (Zoom); y hnh (Pan); to cc
Viewport; th hin mn hnh dui dng khi
(Shade hoc Render) v.v...

Menu Insert

S dng thc hin cc lnh chn. Cc dng s


liu c chn vo c th l cc khi (Block);
cc file nh; cc i tng 3D Studio; cc file
nh dng Metafile; cc i tng OLE v.v...

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Menu Format

S dng nh dng cho cc i tng v. Cc


i tng nh dng c th l cc lp (Layer);
nh dng mu sc (Color); kiu ng; mnh
ca ng; kiu ch; kiu ghi kch thc; kiu
th hin im v.v...

Menu Tools

Cha cc hm cng c a mc ch. T y thc


hin rt nhiu dng cng vic khc nhau nh :
sot chnh t cho on vn bn ting Anh
(Spelling); gi hp thoi thuc tnh i tng
(Properties); ti cc chng trnh dng ARX,
LSP... to cc Macro; dch chuyn gc to
v.v.. Ngoi ra chc nng Options t danh mc
Menu ny cn cho php ngi s dng la chn
rt nhiu thuc tnh giao din khc (mu nn;
ch khi ng; kch thc con tr; Font ch
hin th v.v...)

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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Menu Draw

L danh mc Menu cha hu ht cc lnh v c


bn ca AutoCAD. T cc lnh v ng n
cc lnh v mt, v khi; t cc lnh v ng
thng, on thng n cc lnh v phc tp; t
cc lnh lm vic vi ng n cc lnh lm
vic vi vn bn (Text), n cc lnh t mu,
in mu t, to khi v s dng khi v.v...
Tm li y l danh mc Menu ch yu v quan
trng nht ca AutoCAD .

Menu Dimension

Bao gm cc lnh lin quan n vic ghi v nh


dng ng ghi kch thc trn bn v. Cc kch
thc c th c ghi theo dng kch thc
thng; kch thc gc; ng knh, bn knh; ghi
dung sai; ghi theo kiu ch gii v.v... Cc dng
ghi kch thc c th c chn la theo cc tiu
chun khc nhau, c th c hiu chnh ph
hp vi tiu chun ca tng quc gia; tng b,
ngnh...

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Menu Modify

L danh mc Menu lin quan n cc lnh hiu


chnh i tng v ca AutoCAD. C th s
dng cc chc nng Menu tai y sao chp
cc i tng v; xoay i tng theo mt trc;
to ra mt nhm i tng t mt i tng gc
(Array); ly i xng qua trc (Mirror); xn i
tng (Trim) hoc ko di i tng (Extend)
theo ch nh ...
y cng l danh mc Menu quan trng ca
AutoCAD, n gip ngi s dng c th nhanh
chng chnh sa cc i tng v, gip cho
cng tc hon thin bn v v nng cao cht
lng bn v.

Menu Windows

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L Menu c th tm thy trong hu ht cc ng


dng khc chy trong mi trng Windows. Cc
chc nng Menu y ch yu phc v vic xp
sp cc ti liu hin m theo mt quy lut no
nhm t hiu qu hin th tt hn.
Menu Help

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L Menu gi n cc chc nng hng dn trc


tuyn ca AutoCAD . Cc hng dn t y
c trnh by t m, c th, cp n ton b
cc ni dung ca AutoCAD . y cng l cng
c rt quan trng v hu ch cho vic t nghin
cu v ng dng AutoCAD trong xy dng cc
bn v k thut.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

13

1.3.2. Toolbar
AutoCAD 2002 c tt c 24 thanh Toolbar. mi hp chn (Toolbox) li lin quan n mt
lnh hoc chc nng c th no ca mi trng CAD. gi Toolbar no c th thc
hin nh sau :
Chn Menu View - Toolbars...
s xut hin hp thoi hnh 1.2. T hp thoi ny nu mun Toolbar no c hin th
ch vic bm chut ln hp chn (bn tri) tn ca Toolbar . Sau khi Toobar c
hin s thy xut hin du chn bn cnh tn Toolbar , nu mun thi hin th ch vic
bm li vo hp chn l c.
Vic s dng cc hp cng c (Toolbox) t cc Toolbar thc hin cc lnh AutoCAD
ni chung l kh nhanh v tin dng. Cc hp cng c li c thit k theo dng ho
kh trc quan, khi di chuyn con tr chut ln phn mn hnh ca hp cng c, cn thy
xut hin li nhc (Tooltip) cho bit y l hp cng c g, do vy vic s dng toolbar li
cng tr nn trc quan v tin dng. Tuy vy nu trn mn hnh ca AutoCAD ta cho hin
tt c 24 Toolbar th phn mn hnh s tr nn ri, rt kh quan st, tc thc hin lnh
cng s b chm hn do vy ngi ta thng ch cho hin nhng Toolbar cn thit nht,
hay c s dng nht m thi.

H nh 1.2 - Hi n th Toolbar theo yu c u ca ngi s d ng.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Cc Toolbar thng thng c t ch thng trc mi khi khi ng AutoCAD l :

Standard :

Draw :

Modify :

Object Properties :
Dimension :

1.3.3. Cc ph m nng trong AutoCAD


Bng 1.2 - Cc ph m nng thng d ng
Ph m nng

L nh lin quan

F1

Gi lnh hng dn trc tuyn

F2

Chuyn mn hnh t ch ho sang ch vn bn

F3 (ho c Ctrl - F)

Tt m ch truy bt im (Osnap)

F4 (ho c Ctrl - E)

Chuyn t mt chiu trc o ny sang mt chiu trc o khc


(ch thc hin c khi Snap settings t ch Isometric
snap).

F6 (ho c Ctrl - D)

M <tt> ch hin th ng to con tr trn mn hnh


ho (hin to dng trng thi).

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

15

F7 (ho c Ctrl - G)

M <tt> ch hin th li im (Grid)

F8 (ho c Ctrl - L)

M <tt> ch ORTHO (khi ch ny th ng thng s


lun l thng ng hoc nm ngang).

F9 (ho c Ctrl - B)

M <tt> ch SNAP ( ch ny con tr chut s lun c


di chuyn theo cc bc hng X v hng Y - c nh ngha
t hp thoi Snap settings).

F10 (ho c Ctrl - U)

M <tt> ch Polar tracking (d im theo vng trn).

F11 (ho c Ctrl - W)

M <tt> ch Object Snap Tracking (OSNAP).

Ctrl - 1

Thc hin lnh Properties

Ctrl - 2

Thc hin lnh AutoCAD Design Center

Ctrl - A

Tt m cc i tng c chn bng lnh Group

Ctrl - C

Copy cc i tng hin nh du vo Clipboard

Ctrl - J

Thc hin lnh trc (tng ng phm Enter).

Ctrl - K

Thc hin lnh Hypelink

Ctrl - N

Thc hin lnh New

Ctrl - O

Thc hin lnh Open

Ctrl - P

Thc hin lnh Plot/Print

Ctrl - S

Thc hin lnh Save

Ctrl - V

Dn ni dung t Clipboard vo bn v

Ctrl - X

Ct i tng hin nh du v t vo Clipboard

Ctrl - Y

Thc hin lnh Redo

Ctrl - Z

Thc hin lnh Undo

Enter (Spacebar)

Kt thc lnh (hoc lp li lnh trc ).

16

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Hu lnh ang thc hin

ESC

Hin danh sch cc phng thc truy bt im.

Shift - chut phi

1.4. Cc l nh thi t lp bn v
1.4.1. L nh NEW
Khi to mt bn v mi
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T File menu, chn New
Ti dng lnh, nhp New
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Create New Drawing

H nh 1.3 - Khai bo cho 1 bn v mi.


Start from Scratch
Nu bn mun bt u bn v da trn default English hoc metric settings,
chn Start from Scratch.
Trn hp thoi hnh 1.3 nu ta chn
ri bm phm OK th
cc kch thc trong bn v s c ly theo chun Anh M (inches, feet...). Nu
chn

th cc kch thc s c tnh theo h SI mt, cm, mm...

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

17

Khi mun to mt bn v mi t cc mu nh sn c th chn


lc ny hp
thoi hnh 1.3 s chuyn thnh hp thoi hnh 1.4. T y ta c th chn mt trong
cc dng mu nh sn lm nn cho bn v sp thc hin. S lng mu c sn
ca AutoCAD 2002 c kh nhiu (trn 60 mu). Cc mu c thit k p ng
cho nhiu tiu chun khc nhau, tuy nhin nu cc mu ny vn cha p ng yu
cu bn v cn c, ngi s dng c th t to ra cc mu mi v s dng chng
bnh ng vi cc mu ca AutoCAD .

H nh 1.4 - Khai bo cho 1 bn v mi t Template.

Use a Wizard
Nu bn mun thit lp bn v bng cch dng hp hi thoi, hy chn Use a
Wizard . Bn c th chn Quick Setup hoc Advanced Setup ti Select a Wizard
Quick Setup. Chn Quick Setup thit lp vng bn v (Xem lnh Limits),
thay i cc n v di c chnh xc theo mun (Xem lnh Units)
Advanced Setup. Chn Advanced Setup thit lp vng bn v (Xem lnh
Limits), thay i n v di (Xem lnh Units), n v gc, hng ca gc v
bn cng c th thit lp nt c trng ca mt bn v c s.
Use a Template
Nu bn bt u mt bn v da trn bn v c s, chn Use a Template.

18

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Ti Select a Template chn tp .dwt. Bn v ny s thit lp cho bn v mi


ca bn cc thng s m n c sn nh cc lp (layers), cc kiu ng
kch thc (dimension styles), vng nhn (views).
Instructions
Chn Instructions xem phng thc bt u mt bn v mi.

1.4.2. L nh OPEN
M tp bn v hin c
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T File menu, chn Open
Ti dng lnh, nhp Open
Nu bn v hin ti khng c ghi vo a, AutoCAD s hin th mt hp hi
thoi Select File, do bn c th ghi bn v hin ti trc khi m bn v mi.

H nh 1.5 - M File trong AUTOCAD 2002.


m mt tp tin c sn :
Bn chn tn th mc v tn tp tin ti ca s Look in hoc nhp ng dn th
mc v tn tp tin ti ca s File name.
Bn c th tm tp tin trn a bng cch bm nt Find File
Ti ca s Files of type bn chn kiu ca phn m rng tn tp tin cn m.

19

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Trn ca s Preview s hin bn v chn


Bm nt Open m bn v chn, bm nt Cancel hu b lnh
1.4.3. L nh SAVE, SAVEAS
Lnh SAVE
Lu bn v hin ti ra a
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T File menu, chn Save
Ti dng lnh, nhp Save
Vi bn v hin thi t tn th AutoCAD lu li phn sa i ca bn v
Vi bn v hin thi cha t tn th AutoCAD thc hin lnh SaveAs
Lnh SAVE AS
t tn v lu bn v ra a
T File menu, chn Save As
Ti dng lnh, nhp SaveAs
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Save Drawing As

H nh 1.6 - Ghi File.

20

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Vi bn v cha c tn hoc mun lu bn v hin hnh di mt tn khc, trong mt


th mc khc bn nhp tn v ng dn ca bn v vo File name, phn m rng
ca tp tin vo Save as type ri chn nt Save.
Chn Cancel hu b lnh.
1.4.4. L nh QUIT
Thot khi chng trnh AutoCAD
T File menu, chn Exit
Ti dng lnh, nhp quit
Nu bn v cha c ghi li s thay i th AutoCAD hin ln dng nhc:

H nh 1.7 - Li nh c ghi File.


+Chn Yes : Lu gi s thay i (Xem lnh Save)
+Chn No : Khng lu gi s thay i v thot khi AutoCAD
+Cancel : Hu b lnh Quit
1.4.5.

L nh UNITS (ho c DDUNITS)

t h n v cho bn v
AutoCAD cho php chn la h n v o (s v gc) tu thuc vo mun ca ngi
dng. Lnh Units cho php thit lp h n v o cho bn v.
C php:
command:units
Lnh ny gi n hp thoi c dng sau :

21

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

H nh 1.8 - La chn n v v.
Dng th hin n v di (Length)
nh dng s hc (Type)
C 5 kiu nh dng s hc :
1. Architectural (dng kin trc) 1' - 31/2''
2. Decimal (dng thp phn) 15.50
3. Engineering ( dng k thut) 1' - 3,50"
4. Fractional (dng phn s)
5. Scientific (dng khoa hc) 1.55E + 01
Ngi s dng c th chn mt trong cc kiu th hin trn bng cch bm chn t bng
danh sch.
chnh xc thp phn (Precision)
Thng qua bng danh sch Precision ngi s dng c th nh kiu th hin cho cc bin
s c bao nhiu ch s c ngha sau du phy ( c th chn t 0 n 8 ch s sau du
phy). Nu chn nh ang th hin trn hp thoi hnh 1.8 th cc s liu dng s khi th
hin ra mn hnh s cha 04 ch s sau du phy.
Dng gc (Angle)
Kiu th hin (Type)
C 5 kiu nh dng s liu nhp gc l :
1 - Dicimal degrees (dng thp phn) 45.0000
2 - Deg/Min/ Sec (dng /pht/giy) 45d0'0"
3 - Grads (dng grad) 50.0000g
4 - Radians (dng radian) 0.7854r
5 - Surveyor's Units (n v trc a) N 45d0'0" E

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Chn mt trong cc dng n v o gc mun dng. Trong v d (examples) L cch thc


th hin gc 45o trong mi dng tng ng.
Dng 2 (Deg/Min/Sec) biu din gc theo to /pht/giy vi cc k hiu:
d =
' = pht
'' = giy
V d: s o gc 125d30'25.7'' c ngha l 125 30 pht 25.7 giy.
Dng 5 cng biu din gc di dng /pht/giy nhng c cc ch s nh hng ca gc
nn gi tr biu din gc lun nh hn 900. Cc ch s nh hng ca gc l N (North Bc), S (South - Nam), E (East - ng), W (West - Ty) v dng thc ca gc c biu
din nh sau: < N/S > < gi tr gc > < E/W >.
V d biu din gc theo dng ny nh sau:
0o = E ( ng)
45o =N45d 0' 0'' E ( ng - Bc 45o )
90o = N (Bc)
135o = N 45d 0' 0'' W (Ty-Bc 45o)
180o = W (Ty)
225o = S 45d 0 0" W (Ty- Nam 45o))
270o = S (Nam)
315o = S 45d 0 0" E (ng - Nam 45o)
207.5o = S 62d 30' 0'' W (Ty - Nam 62d 30'0'')
chnh xc thp phn (Precision)
Tng t nh phn khai bo cho th hin n v di, cc th hin gc cng c th c
chn vi chnh xc thp phn nht nh. Tu thuc vo kiu s liu gc (Type) m
ngi s dng c th chn cc cp chnh xc khc nhau. Nu chn dng n v o gc l
, pht, giy (Deg/Min/Sec) th chnh xc s o gc tng ng vi gi tr nhp vo nh
sau:
S nhp vo
0d
0d00'
0d00'00"
0d00'00.0"
...

Gii thch
Ch c
v pht
pht v giy
n phn l ca giy

Hin th
150d
150d10'
150d 10' 12''
150d 10' 12.3''

Chn n v tnh khi chn Block (Drawing units for Design Center blocks)
n v tnh ny s c s dng tnh ton t l khi chn cc khi t bn ngoi vo bn v
hin ti. Nu la chn n v tnh qu ln hoc qu b th khi chn vo c th s l qu b

23

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

hoc qu ln. Thng thng i vi cc bn v theo TCVN n v ny thng c chn l


Millimeters (mm).
Hng ng chun gc
Thng thng trong AutoCAD gc c tr s 0d0'0" l gc nm ngang hng t tri qua
phi mn hnh (East). Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp s liu nhp c th ly gc c s
khc i chng hn l gc c hng thng ng - hng Bc (North). Khi t hp thoi
Units hnh 1.8 bm chn
theo yu cu c th.

hin hp thoi hnh 1.9 sau chn dng gc

H nh 1.9 - Chn hng cho gc c s.


Chn chiu dng ca gc
Chiu dng ca gc thng thng l chiu ngc chiu kim ng h
(Counterclockwise) tng ng vi vic khng chn
. Tuy nhin nu
mun nhp s liu vi cc gc c chiu dng l thun kim ng h th phi chn
.

1.4.6.

L nh LIMITS

t v iu chnh vng bn v
Gii hn vng bn v c qui nh bi:
+ Phn din tnh v cng trnh
+ Phn trng dnh cho vic ghi ch gii
+ Phn dnh cho khung tn v khung bn v
Bn c th nh ngha ln ca mt bn v cho ton b phn din tch v th hin trn
mn hnh, bn cng c th th hin nhiu bn v trong cng mt mn hnh trn phn din
tch v c nh ngha thng qua lnh Limits. Bn c th gi lnh ny theo hai cch:
T Format menu, chn Drawing Limits

24

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Ti dng lnh, nhp Limits


Tu chn ON/OFF/<Lower left corner> <0.0000,0.0000>: Gc tri di
Upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: Gc phi trn
ON
Dng nhc s bo li nu c yu t v vt ra ngoi gii hn
ca vng v
OFF
Khi chn OFF ngi s dng c th v ra ngoi gii hn vng
v cho n khi thit lp li trng thi ON

1.4.7.

L nh GRID

t cc im to li cho bn v
Trn thanh tnh trng, kch kp GRID
Ti dng lnh, nhp grid
Tu chn
Grid spacing(X) or ON/OFF/Snap/Aspect <0.5000>:
Grid spacing(X) or ON
Nhp khong cch li hoc li c hin th (c th s dng phm
F7 thay th)

OFF
Tt s hin th ca h li (c th s dng phm F7 thay th)

Aspect
Cho php thit lp khong cch gia 2 mt li theo 2 chiu X, Y l
khc nhau
Snap
To bc nhy cho con tr, sao cho khi s dng cc lnh v con tr
ch bt c nhng im ti mt li nh dng cho con tr (xem lnh
SNAP)

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

1.4.8.

25

L nh SNAP

To bc nhy cho con tr


Trn thanh tnh trng , kch kp SNAP
Ti dng lnh, nhp snap
Tu chn
Snap spacing or ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style/Type <25.0000>: Nhp khong cch
hoc
Snap spacing(X)
Mc nh khong nh v im v l 25 im nh, c th nhp li
khong cch ny bng cch g s t bn phm.
ON
Ch t im v c ti cc im nh v (tng ng n phm
chc nng F9)
OFF
Tt ch Snap. C th t im v ti v tr bt k (tng ng n
phm chc nng F9)
Aspect
Thay i khong nh v im v theo X v Y.
Specify Horizontal spacing <0.5000>:Khong cch theo phng X
hoc
Specify Vertical spacing <0.5000>: Khong cch theo phng Y hoc

Rotate
Xoay li theo mt gc nht nh. Gc xoay c php nm trong
khong -90 n 90 o.
Specify Base point <0.0000,0.0000>:Ch im chun hoc
Specify Rotation angle <0>: G tr s gc xoay hoc
Style
Chn kiu li. S hin dng nhc
Enter snap grid style [Standard/Isometric] <S>: G s hoc i hoc
Chn S l dng li chun, chn I l dng li v ng c.

Standard
Hin th mt li hnh ch nht (hai si tc ca con tr tr li
bnh thng, vung gc vi hai trc X,Y)

Isometric
Isometric gip ta th hin i tng 3 chiu trong mt phng

26

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

nh hnh hp bn. Mt li Isometric m cc lnh SNAP v


GRID s dng s ph ln hnh hp. Cc bn v Isometric ch l
gi khng gian 3 chiu. Khi v bn khng th nhn n t gc
khc hay dch chuyn cc ng n trong n. thc hin
cc kh nng khc, cn s dng h to ngi dng UCS v
cc cng c v khng gian 3D.
Li Isometric c 3 trc chnh vi nghing 30,90,150 v 3
mt tri, phi, trn, mi mt gn vi hai trc. Lnh ISOPLAN
gip chn mt Isometric hin thi v cp trc to hin thi.
Khi cn chuyn hng con tr chut (hng cc si tc ngangdc trn mn hnh) hy nhn ng thi cc phm Ctrl-E

Type
nh hng ch SNAP theo kiu li (Grid) hay kiu to cc
(Polar). khi chn chc nng ny s lm xut hin dng nhc :
Enter snap style [Polar/Grid]<Grid>: G P hoc G hoc

1.4.9.

Cc phng php nh p to i m

1.Khi nim h trc to


-To cac
Biu din im trong mt phng di dng (X,Y)
Biu din im trong khng gian di dng (X,Y,Z)
Thng thng trong AutoCAD im gc (0,0) nm gc di bn tri ca min
v. thay i s dng lnh UCS.

-To cc
Xc nh to im theo khong cch t im ang xt n gc to (0,0) cng
gc quay t im so vi phng ngang (trc X). To cc ch dng trong mt
phng. Cch biu din to im nh sau

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

27

M (C < A1)
Trong :
C - khong cch t im M ti gc to ;
A1 - gc quay trong mt phng t trc X ti im M.

-To cu
Dng xc nh v tr im trong khng gian 3 chiu. Cch biu din to im
nh sau
M (C < A1 <A2)
Trong :
C - khong cch t im M ti gc to ;
A1 - gc quay trong mt phng XY;
A2 - gc quay t mt phng XY ti im M trong khng gian.

-To tr
Dng trong khng gian ba chiu, n l s kt hp gia to cc v to cac.
Cch biu din to im nh sau
M (C < A1, Z)
Trong :
C - khong cch t im M ti gc to ;
A1 - gc quay trong mt phng XY;
Z - khong cch t im M ti mt phng XY.
Ch :
- To tuy t i l to c t nh so vi gc c nh nm trn bn v
AutoCAD .
- To t ng i l to c t nh vi gc l i m dng hi n thi (i m
cui cng c chn) s dng c n thm @ vo trc to c n nh p.
2.Nhp d liu

To tuyt i
L tr s thc c a vo t bn phm cho cc chiu, chng hn mt im c to x
= 3,5 ; y = 120,5
Ta nhp 3.5,120.5

To tng i

28

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

L to tng i so vi im va c ch nh ngay trc . ch to tng


i, ta vit du @ trc to . Chng hn, im trc c to (100,70) th : @5.5,
-15 s tng ng vi to tuyt i (105.5,55)

To cc (tng i)
Trong to cc ta thng k hiu ( r ,j ) ch bn knh (khong cch) v gc. To
cc tng i c cho bng : @ r < j
V d : @ 68<35.5 c ngha l r = 68 n v v v c gc nh hng 35o30 so vi im
va c ch nh trc .

1.4.10. L nh OSNAP (Object Snap)


ObjectSnap cho php bt chnh xc mt im c bit ca mt i tng. im bt c
bit no c bt l do chc nng ca Osnap.
1. Gi cng c truy tm i tng
S dng phm tt : Ctrl + Phm phi chut
Tracking - Xc nh giao im ca hai dy tc vung gc vi
nhau
From - Xc nh im c to tng i c nhp vo so
vi to im truy bt
Point Filtes - Cho gi tr X , Y , Z ca to truy bt
Enpoint - bt vo im u ca mt cung trn hay mt on
thng gn vi im chn i tng.
Midpoint - bt vo im gia ca mt on thng hay cung
trn.
InTersection - Bt vo giao im ca cc ng (ng thng,
cung trn, ng trn).
Apparent InTersection - Bt vo giao im ca cc ng
(ng thng, cung trn, ng trn ). Trong khng gian 3D
xc nh giao im ca i tng vi hnh chiu ca i tng
khc trn mt phng cha n.
Center - bt vo tm ca mt ng trn, cung trn
Node - bt vo mt im c v bng lnh point hoc lnh chia divide.
Insert - bt vo im t ca dng ch (Textline) hoc attribute, block, shape...
Nearest - bt vo im thuc yu t v, ti ni gn vi khung vung nm trn giao im
ca si dy ch thp vi i tng.
None - Tt (loi b) cc chc nng Osnap t.
Quick - bt i tng nhanh bng cch dng ngay vic tm kim khi tm thy mt im

29

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

tha mn yu cu (c th khng phi l im gn con tr nht).


Osnap Settings... Thc hin lnh Osnap

2. t cng c truy tm i tng lu tr thng xuyn


gi hp thoi Osnap Settings chn mt trong cc cch goi sau:
+

Trn thanh cng c Object Snap, chn :

+ Trn thanh trng thi, bm chut phi ln ch OSNAP hin Menu ng ri chn
Settings...
+ T Menu Tools, chn Drafting Settings...
+

Ti dng lnh, nhp Osnap

AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Osnap Settings (hnh 1.10) sau y

H nh 1.10 - t ch Osnap.
Cc phng thc bt im trong hp thoi trn y c m t trong bng 1.3

30

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Bng 1.3 - cc phng th c b t i m


Endpoint

Truy bt im cui ca ng thng, ng Polyline, cung trn...

Midpoint

Truy bt im gia ca ng thng, ng Polyline, cung trn...

Center

Truy bt tm ca cung trn, ng trn, ellipse...

Node

Truy bt im trn i tng.

Quadrant

Truy bt im phn t ca cung trn, ng trn, ellipse.

Intersection

Truy bt giao im ng thng, cung trn, ng trn, ellipse,


polyline vi ng thng, cung trn, ng trn, ellipse, polyline.

Insertion

Truy bt im chn ca i tng Text, ca Block hoc thuc tnh.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Perpendicular

31

Truy bt im vung gc vi cung trn, ng thng, ng trn,


ellipse, polyline.

Tangent

Truy bt tip tuyn ca cung trn, ng trn, ellipse, ng cong


Spline.

Nearest

Truy bt im gn nht trn cung trn, ng thng, ng trn,


ellipse, polyline.

Apparent
Intersection

Bt vo giao im ca cc ng (ng thng, cung trn, ng


trn ). Trong khng gian 3D xc nh giao im ca i tng vi
hnh chiu ca i tng khc trn mt phng cha n.

Quick

bt i tng nhanh bng cch dng ngay vic tm kim khi tm


thy mt im tha mn yu cu (c th khng phi l im gn
con tr nht).

Clear All

Hu b ton b cc thuc tnh truy bt thng xuyn.

Aperture size

t kch thc ca vung truy bt i tng.

Ch
-C th g trc tip cc ch hoa kch hot ch bt dnh mong mun khi s dng
-Dng Shift + phm phi chut kch hot
-Dng lnh DDOSNAP hay Tool / Object Snap Settings kch hot ch bt dnh
thng trc

32

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

- thay i kch thc vng truy bt dng lnh APERTURE hay Tool / Object
Snap Settings / Aperture sizes

1.4.11. L nh ORTHO
t ch v trc giao
Khi dng lnh Line, Trace, Pline cn v cc nt thng ng v nm ngang th phi bt
ch trc giao.
T thanh trng thi, kch kp ORTHO
Ti dng lnh, nhp Ortho (hoc n phm F8)
Tu chn
Command: Ortho
ON/OFF <OFF>: Nhp ON hoc OFF, hoc

Trong v d ny, mt ng thng c s dng ch bt


ORTHO. To im th nht c xc nh v to im
th 2 l v tr ni t ca con tr.
Ti dng trng thi, nu hin ch Ortho l ang ch v
trc giao, mun v nt xin, mun xoay hnh mt gc bt k
bng con chut th phi n phm F8 tt ch v trc giao.

33

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Cc lnh v c bn
Chng ny tr nh by cc l nh v c bn nh t ca AutoCAD . Cc l nh v
i m; l nh v ng; l nh vcc h nh c bn (ch nh t, trn, elip, a gic...).
y l cc l nh v c s, lm ti n cho cc h nh v phc tp sau ny.
Ngoi ra ni dung chng 2 cng c p n mt s l nh hi u ch nh thng
thng khc nhl nh c t m p; l nh k o di i tng; l nh vt m p v.v...
cng l cc l nh b trquan trng, thng c s dng hi u ch nh bn
vcho phhp v ng vi cc tiu chu n thi t k .

Khi cc l nh v
2.1. L nh LINE
Lnh v cc on thng
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Line
Ti dng lnh, nhp Line
Specify first point: Nhp im xut pht hoc bm chut trn mn hnh ho
ly to im.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhp im tip theo (hoc g U khi phc)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Vo mt im, u hoc undo, c hoc close,
hoc
V d v on thng qua hai im
Command: line
Specify first point: Tr vo im (1)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Tr vo im (2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: ( Kt thc lnh Line)
Nu sau khi g lnh Line xut hin dng nhc
Specify first point: m ta g tip
th AutoCAD s ly im cui cng nht trn mn hnh ho lm im bt u v.
Nu i tng va v l on thng th lnh Line lc ny s v tip cc on thng. Nu

34

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

i tng v trc l cung trn th lnh Line lc ny s v on thng tip tuyn vi


cung trn nh minh ho di y.

Trng hp i
tng trc l
ng thng

Trng hp i tng trc


l cung trn th ng mi
s tip tuyn vi cung trn
.

Undoing a Line
Nhp U hoc Undo khi mun hy mt on
va mi v m khng thot khi lnh Line.
im bt u ca on thng sau chnh l
im cui ca on thng ngay trc .
Closing a Polygon
Nhp C hoc Close ni
im cui ca on thng v
sau cng vi im vo u tin
(im th nht). Nh vy mt
a gic kn c to thnh.
Sau khi thc hin ty chn
ny, lnh Line s kt thc.

2.2. L nh CIRCLE
V hnh trn
Ti thanh cng c,chn
T Draw menu, chn circle
Ti dng lnh, nhp circle
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Vo mt la
chn hoc tr mt im (1)

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

35

Bng 2.1 - Cc phng n v v ng tr n


Center Point
V ng trn xc nh thng qua tm v ng knh hoc bn knh.
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:tr im th (2), hoc nhp gi
tr, hoc nhp D, hoc
Radius
Bn c th nhp trc tip ln ca bn knh hoc xc nh bn
knh thng qua khong cch gia tm v im th (2)
Diameter
Bn c th nhp trc tip ln ca ng knh hoc xc nh v tr
ca ng knh thng qua thit b tr.
3p - ng trn i qua 3 im
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3p
Specify first point on circle:Nhp to im (1)
Specify second point on circle: Nhp to im (2)
Specify third point on circle: Nhp to im (3)

2p - ng trn i qua 2 im
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:Nhp to im (1)
Specify second end point of circle's diameter:Nhp to im (2)
To im (1) v To im (2) chnh l hai u ng knh ca
ng trn.

TTR - Tangent, Tangent, Radius


V ng trn tip xc vi hai i tng cho trc v c ln ng
vi gi tr ca bn knh do bn n nh.
TTR - Tangent, Tangent, Radius (Tip tuyn, Tip tuyn, Bn
knh )
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: TTR
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Chn i tng
th nht
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Chn i tng
th hai

36

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Specify radius of circle <current>: Nhp gi tr bn knh


Nu khng ch nh bn knh ca ng trn AutoCAD s t ng
tnh ra bn knh da trn cc im tip tuyn gn nht vi im la
chn
2.3. L nh ARC
V cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Arc
Ti dng lnh, nhp Arc s
xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or
[Center]:
C rt nhiu phng n thc hin
lnh v cung trn. Tu thuc vo cc
tham s c, tu thuc vo tng tnh
hung c th ta c th chn mt trong
cc phng n sau y:

H nh 2.1 - Menu Draw - Arc.


2.3.1.

3 Points - (V cung trn i qua 3 im)

T c th bm chn 3 im bt k trn mn hnh hoc chn


phng n bt im xc nh cc im thuc cung trn.
Trong cn lu th t nhp vo : im nhp u tin l im
xut pht ca cung trn, im nhp cui cng (im 3) l im
kt thc cung trn, im 2 l im trung gian, ch yu
AutoCAD xc nh cc tham s v.
Th t thc hin lnh v cung trn i qua 3 im nh sau
Ti dng lnh, nhp Arc s xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)

37

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: bm chn to im (2)


Specify end point of arc: bm chn to im (3) kt thc.
2.3.2. Start, Center, End - (im u, tm, im cui)
Trong phng thc v ny ta phi nhp ln lt im u,
tm, im cui. im u (1) nht thit phi nm trn cung
trn, ring im cui (3) khng nht thit phi nm trn cung
trn nh minh ho hnh bn.Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh
sau :
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, Center, End - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: bm chn to im (3) kt
thc.
2.3.3.

Start, Center, Angle (im u, tm, gc tm)

Trong cch v cung trn ny cc tham s nhp vo l hai to


im v mt gc tm. To im (1) l to im xut pht
v cung trn, to im (2) l to tm ca cung trn, gc
tm c th c g vo trc tip hoc nh dng bng con tr
chut. Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh sau :

gc

T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, Center, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify length of chord: Xc nh gc tm.
2.3.4.

Start, Center, Length (im u, tm, di dy cung)

Trong cch v cung trn ny cc tham s nhp vo l hai


to im v chiu di dy cung. To im (1) l
to im xut pht v cung trn, to im (2) l
to tm ca cung trn, di dy cung c th c
g vo trc tip (dng s) hoc nh dng bng con tr
chut. Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh sau :
T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, Center, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify length of chord: nhp chiu di dy cung.

38

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

2.3.5. Start, End, Angle (im u, im cui, gc tm)


Cch v cung trn ny tng t nh cch trnh by trong
mc 2.6.3 (Start, Center, Angle), ch khc l cc im m t
(1) v (2) lc ny l im u v im cui ca cung trn. C
hai im (1) v (2) u phi nm trn cung trn. Th t thc
hin lnh v ny nh sau :

gc

T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify length of chord: Xc nh gc tm (gi s 80 chng hn).
2.3.6.

Start, End, Direction (im u, im cui,hng tip tuyn)

Trong cch v ny ta phi khai bo hai im thuc cung trn.


im nhp trc (1) l im bt u v, im nhp sau (2) l
im kt thc cung trn. Ngoi ra cn phi khai bo thm
im (3) thuc v tip tuyn vi cung trn ti im (1).
Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh sau :

T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Direction - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify end point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: bm chnto im (3).
2.3.7.

Start, End, Radius (im u, im cui, bn knh)

Vi phng thc v ny ta phi khai bo hai im thuc cung


trn. im nhp trc (1) l im bt u v, im nhp sau
(2) l im kt thc cung trn. Bn knh R c nhp trc
tip bng s hoc bng tr chut.
Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh sau :

T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Radius - xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: bm chn to im (1)
Specify end point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify radius of arc: Nhp bn knh R (hoc xc nh di bng tr chut).

39

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

2.3.8. Center, Start, End (tm, im u, im cui)


Cch nhp ny i hi phi nhp vo 3 to im. im
nhp u tin (1) l tm ca cung trn, im nhp tip theo
(2) l im bt u v v im nhp cui cng (3) l im
kt thc cung trn (im ny khng nht thit phi nm trn
cung trn).
Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh sau :

3
2
1

T Draw menu, chn Arc - Start, End, Radius - xut hin dng nhc
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (1)
Specify start point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: bm chn to im (3)
2.3.9.

Center, Start, Angle (tm, im u, gc tm)

Cch nhp ny yu cu nhp vo to tm (1); im xut


pht v ca cung trn (2) v tr s gc tm ca cung trn.
Gc ny c tnh vi chiu dng ngc kim ng h, gc
xut pht l hng trc X.
Th t thc hin lnh v ny nh sau :

gc

T Draw menu, chn Arc - Center, Start, Angle - xut hin dng nhc
Specify center point of arc: bm chn to im (1)
Specify start point of arc: bm chn to im (2)
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: Nhp vo tr s gc
2.3.10. Center, Start, Length (tm im u, chiu di dy cung)
Tng t nh cch v cung trn theo dng Start, Center, Length, ch khc l im nhp
vo u tin (1) l tm ca cung trn ri mi n im xut pht v cung (2).
2.3.11. V cung tip tuyn vi ng thng hoc cung trn trc
y l mt cch v c ngha rt c bit, n gip ta v c cc ng cong chuyn
tip, ng cong ni tip vi ng thng... thc hin cch v ny sau khi nhp lnh
trc ht ta v mt o thng (hoc mt cung trn) sau ,
Ti dng lnh, nhp Arc s xut hin dng nhc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: g
Specify end point of arc: nhp vo to im (1)
Cch v ny cho php ta c th ch bng cc thao tc rt n
gin vn v c cc on cong tr gm cc o thng ni
tip vi cung trn hoc cung trn ni tip cung trn c bn
knh khc...

40

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

2.4. L nh ELLIPSE
To mt Ellipse hoc cung ca Ellipse
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Ellipse
Ti dng lnh, nhp ellipse
Sau khi v ng elip c th l mt ng a tuyn bao gm nhiu cung trn ni tip nhau
hoc tr thnh mt ng Spline (ng cong i qua cc im m t), iu ny tu thuc
vo vic ch nh tr s ca bin PELLIPSE = 0 hay PELLIPSE = 1.

PELLIPSE = 1

PELLIPSE = 0

H nh 2.2 - V elip vi la chn PELLIPSE khc nhau.


C 3 phng n v elip nh sau :
2.4.1. To mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li
To trc ca elip c xc nh thng qua 2 im
(1) v (2). Na trc cn li c xc nh thng qua
im (3), v c hiu l khon cch t trc elip n
im 2, khong cch ny c th nhp tr s trc tip
1
hoc thng qua vic bm phm chut trn mn hnh
ho.

3
2

Ti dng lnh, nhp ellipse


Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: nhp im (1)
Specify other endpoint of axis: nhp im (2)
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: nhp im (3) (hoc g s trc tip)
2.4.2.

To tm v cc trc

Cch v ny yu cu nhp vo to tm To trc


ca elip c xc nh thng qua 2 im (1) v (2). Na
trc cn li c xc nh thng qua im (3), v c
hiu l khon cch t trc elip n im 2, khong cch
ny c th nhp tr s trc tip hoc thng qua vic bm
phm chut trn mn hnh ho.
Ti dng lnh, nhp ellipse

3
1

41

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: C


Specify center of ellipse: nhp to tm elip <im (1)>
Specify endpoint of axis: nhp to im (2)
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: nhp s hoc bm chn im (3)
2.4.3.

V cung elip

La chn ny cho php v mt phn ca elip tng ng


vi mt gc nht nh. Cc tham s nhp vo ngoi cc
tham s nh dng ng elip y cn cn n
nh dng gc bt u v kt thc v ca cung elp.

5
3

Th t thc hin lnh ny nh sau :


Ti dng lnh, nhp ellipse
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: A
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: nhp to im th nht ca
trc elip (1)
Specify other endpoint of axis: nhp to im th hai ca trc elip (2)
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: nhp khong cch na trc cn li (3)
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: nhp hng bt u v ca cung elip (4)
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: nhp hng kt thc ca cung
elip (5)
Ngoi ra nu lnh Snap ang trng thi chn Isometric th lnh v ellipse s cho php ta
v cc hnh elip trong hnh chiu trc o (hnh 2.3).

H nh 2.3 - V ng tr n h nh chi u tr c o bng l nh Ellipse.


2.5. L nh PLINE
Lnh v ng a tuyn

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

a tuyn (Polyline) l mt i tng gm cc on thng, cung trn ni tip nhau.


Trong a tuyn, nt v c b rng v c th thay i tng phn on. Xt v phng
din th hin th cc a tuyn c to ra t lnh Line v lnh Pline i khi l kh
ging nhau, tuy nhin xt v mt cu trc th a tuyn do lnh Pline to ra l a tuyn
ca 1 i tng cn a tuyn do lnh Line to ra l a tuyn nhiu i tng.
Draw toolbar:
Draw menu:Polyline
Command line: Pline
Bng 2.2 - Cc phng n v ng a tuy n
Specify start point: im u ca Polyline(1)
Current line-width is <0.0000> (b rng nt v hin thi l
0.0000)
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: To
im (2)
...
Endpoint of line
Ty chn mc nh l vo im cui ca ng thng, cho php
v cc on thng ni tip nhau vi b rng nt v hin thi.
Arc
Cho php v mt cung trn trong polyline. Nu dng ty chn
ny th im hin thi s l im bt u ca cung trn v xut
hin dng nhc sau:
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]:To im (3) hoc la chn khc
Endpoint of Arc
V mt cung trn. im bt u cung trn l im cui cng
ca Polyline.
Angle
Cho php v cung trn khi bit gc chn cung.
Included angle: (gi tr gc chn cung)
Mc nh, cung trn s c v theo chiu dng ca gc.
Nu mun v theo chiu ngc li th gi tr ca gc nhp
vo phi mang du m (-).
Center / Radius / <Endpoint>: Tr im cui cung hoc C, R
Endpoint : V mt cung trn

43

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Center : Cung trn xc nh thng qua tm ca cung


Center point : To tm ca cung
Radius : Cho gi tr bn knh ca cung trn
Radius : Tr im th nht, hoc gi tr bn knh
Nu bn tr mt im, AutoCAD yu cu tr im th hai,
khong cnh gia hai im l bn knh ca cung trn.
Radius: Tr im th hai
Direction of chord <16>: tr mt im hoc
Center
Cho php v cung trn khi bit tm
Center point: To tm(3)
Angle / Length / <Endpoint>: To im(4) hoc A, L
End point Nhp to im cui cung trn
Angle Ch ra gc chn cung bt u t im u
Included angle: Gc chn cung
Length Ch ra di ca y cung
Length of chord : Gi tr di dy cung
Close
ng ng a tuyn Polyline bng mt cung.
Direction
Dng thay i hng tip tuyn ti im u ca cung
trn s v (xem thm lnh Arc).Dng nhc ca AutoCAD l:
Direction from starting point: tr im(3) (hng pht
trin cung)
End point: Tr im(4) (im cui ca cung).
Halfwidth - Gi tr nhp vo l mt na b rng nt v.
Starting half-width <0.0000>: Nhp gi tr na b rng
u ca cung
Ending half-width <0.0000>: Nhp gi tr na b rng
cui ca cung
Line - Chuyn phng thc v cung trn sang v on
thng.
Radius - V cung trn theo bn knh
Radius: (vo gi tr bn knh ca cung trn)
Angle/ <End point>:To im cui cung, A
Mc nh l im vo cui ca cung, cn nu
chn A (Angle) th v theo gc chn cung.

44

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Second pt - Nhp im th hai v im cui ca cung v


qua 3 im.
Second point: Tr im(3)
Endpoint: Tr im(4)
Undo - Hu b lnh lnh va thc hin.
Width - t rng cho phn v tip theo.
Starting width <current>: rng im bt u
Ending width <current>: rng im cui
Close
V on thng t v tr hin ti ti to im u ca ng
Polyline. Polyline tr thnh Polyline ng.
Halfwidth
Khai bo na rng ca ng Polyline
Starting half-width <current>: Na rng im bt u
Ending half-width <current>: Na rng im cui
Length
V mt on thng c chiu di quy nh v c cng dc
(cng chiu) vi ng thng trc n. Nu on thng trc n
l mt cung trn th mt on thng s c v tip tuyn vi
cung ny.
Length of line: To im ko di(1)
Undo
Hu b lnh lnh va thc hin, tr li phn v trc.
Width
t rng cho phn tip theo ca ng Polyline.
Starting width <current>: rng im bt u
Ending width <current>: rng im cui
V d:
Command: Pline
From point: 4,6 (im bt u v)
Current line - width is 0.00 (b rng nt v hin ti=0)
Arc/Close/Halfawidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: w
Starting width <0.00>:0.05 (nhp b rng mi)
Ending width <0.05>:
Arc /Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: 6,5
Arc /Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: a

45

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Angle/Center.../Radius/Second/Undo/Width/ <End point of arc>: r


Radius: 1
Angle/<End point>: a
Included Angle: 22.5
Direction of chord <0>: 45 (Phng ca dy cung)
Angle /.../Line/Radius/Secondpt/Undo/With/<End point of arc>: 1
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>: 7,8
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<End point of line>:

2.6. L nh POLYGON
V a gic u
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Polygon
Ti dng lnh, nhp polygon
Enter Number of sides <4>: Vo s cnh ca a gic t 3 - 1024, hoc
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: To tm(1), hoc E
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp I, C
hoc
Bng 2.3 - Cc phng n v h nh a gic u
Inscribed in circle
V a gic ni tip trong ng trn
Radius of circle: To im(2), hoc nhp gi tr bn knh
Khong cch t tm ti nh Polygon chnh l bn knh ng
trn ngoi tip Polygon.
Circumscribed about circle
V a gic ngoi tip ng trn.
Radius of circle: To im(2), hoc nhp gi tr bn knh
Khong cch t tm ti trung im cnh ca Polygon chnh l
bn knh ng trn ni tip Polygon.
Edge
V Polygon thng qua cnh.
First endpoint of edge: Tr im th nht(1)

46

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Second endpoint of edge: Tr im th hai(2)


Khong cch im (1) v im (2) chnh l mt cnh ca
Polygon.

2.7. L nh RECTANG
V hnh ch nht
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Rectangle
Ti dng lnh, nhp Rectang hoc Rectangle
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: nhp
to im (1)
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: nhp to im (2)
Chamfer
Quy nh vt gc ca cc gc hnh ch nht. Ngi s dng c th quy nh vt tng
cnh ca gc.
Ti dng lnh, nhp : rectang
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: C
Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <0.0000>: 10
Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <10.0000>: 10
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: nhp to im
(1)
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: nhp to im (2)
Elevation
Quy nh cao ca hnh ch nht. Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay i tip
theo.
Elevation for rectangles <0.0000>: Gi tr cao ca hnh ch nht
Fillet
Cho php v trn cc gc ca hnh ch nht vi bn knh cong xc nh.
Fillet radius for rectangles <0.0000>: Gi tr bn knh ca gc hnh ch nht
Thickness
Quy nh dy ca hnh ch nht c v. Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay
i tip theo.
Thickness for rectangles <0.0000>: dy hnh ch nht

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

47

Width
Quy nh rng cc cnh hnh ch nht . Gi tr ny s c duy tr cho n ln thay i
tip theo.
Width for rectangles <0.0000>: rng hnh ch nht
2.8. L nh SPLINE
Lnh v ng cong
Draw menu: Spline
Command line: Spline
ng SPline i qua tt c cc im m ta chn. Lnh ny c dng to ra cc ng
cong trn c hnh dng khng c nh (cc ng cong trong t nhin; cc ng ng
mc trong h thng thng tin a l v.v... )
Ngoi ra AutoCAD cn c th to ra cc ng cong xp x dng Spline bng cch lm
trn cc ng polyline sn c thng qua lnh PEdit.
Tuy nhin so vi ng Spline lm trn t ng Polyline sn c th ng Spline thc
(ng c v thng qua lnh SPline) c cc u im ni bt sau :
ng Spline thc c to bng phng php ni suy i qua tt c cc im m t
(CONTROL POINT), v cc im ny nm ng trn ng dn hng mong
mun ca ng cong do vy vic xp x dng ng cong mong mun s tt hn.
ng Spline thc c th d dng hiu chnh thng qua lnh Splinedit. Khi cc
im m t vn s c gi li v d dng hiu chnh, trong khi ng lm trn t
polyline th cc im m t s khng cn c bo ton.
Bn v cha cc ng Spline thc s c kch thc File nh hn l bn v cha
cc ng polyline lm trn c hnh dng tng ng.
2.9. L nh POINT
V mt im c to nh trc
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Point Single Point
Ti dng lnh, nhp Point
Point: Tr im trn mn hnh
trnh ln vi cc im chia li bn c th chn mt trong nhng kiu
im khc nhau, Xem lnh (ddptype)

2.10.

L nh DDPTYPE

Chn kiu v kch thc im


T Format menu, chn Point Style

48

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Ti dng lnh, nhp ddptype


AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Point Style (hnh 2.4)

H nh 2.4 - H P THOI Point Style.


Trong hp hi thoi Point Stype hin kiu v kch thc im hin thi. thay i
bn chn cc hnh tng tng ng.
Point Size
t kch thc cho im so vi kch thc mn hnh hoc kch thc h n v o ca
bn v.
Set Size Relative to Screen
Kch thc ca im so vi mn hnh.
Set Size in Absolute Units
Kch thc ca im so vi n v o ca bn v.

Khi cc l nh hi u ch nh
2.11. L nh ERASE
Lnh xo i tng la chn ra khi bn v
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Erase
Command line: Erase
Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn xo

49

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

2.12. L nh TRIM
Lnh xn mt phn i tng nm giu hai i tng chn
Cc loi i tng c th ct l arc, circle, elliptical arc, line, open 2D v 3D polylines, ray,
v splines. Lnh ny khc vi lnh Erase ch : lnh Erase xo ton b i tng c
nh du, cn lnh Trim s ch xo mt phn ca i tng c ch nh. Lnh ny
thng c ng dng loi b cc phn tha (bavia) trong bn v v nh khi ta dng lnh
Line v bn c tng chng hn, trc ht ta phI v mt hnh ch nht sau v cc
on thng chia ct hnh ch nht c c cc nt ca bn c nh sau khi v rt c
th s xut hin cc mu tha nm ngoi vng ch nht khi ta c th s dng lnh Trim
loi b cc nt tha

Sau khi
dng l nh
TRIM

H nh 2.5 - B n c v bng l nh Rectangle v l nh line.


C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Trim
Command line: Trim
Bng 2.4 - C t i tng
Select cutting edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No
extend)
Select objects: (chn cc cnh ct)
Cc i tng va chn s c a vo danh sch cc cnh
ct. Cc cnh ct c th l Line, arc, circle, polyline v
Viewport. Tr li Null ( ) kt thc vic chn cnh ct,
dng nhc tip theo ca AutoCAD l:
<Select object to trim> / Project / Edge / Undo: (chn i tng
cn ct hay P, E, U)

50

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Select object to trim


Chn cc i tng cn ct. AutoCAD thc hin lnh ct ngay
v hi tip cc i tng cn ct khc.
Project
None / Ucs / View <current>: Chn N, U, V
None
Lnh Trim thc hin khi i tng ct cnh ca ng
bao.

UCS
Lnh Trim thc hin khi i tng giao vi ng bao
hoc mt phng ng bao.

View

Edge
Ch nh phn on thng cn ct.
Extend / No extend <current>: Chn E, N hoc Enter
Extend

51

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

ng bin c quy nh c phn ko di ca on


thng. im ct chnh l giao im ca hai ng thng
ca yu t ct v yu t bin.
No extend
Yu t ct c thc hin khi ng thng cn ct thc
s giao vi on thng yu t bin.
Undo
Hy thao tc sai trc .

2.13.

L nh BREAK

Lnh Break dng xa mt phn ca mt line, Trace, Circ1el, Arc hay Polyline.

Trc khi Break

P1

P2

P2

P1

Sau khi Break

H nh 2.6 - Dng l nh Break xo mt ph n on th ng v v ng tr n.


C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Break
Command line: Break
Bng 2. 5 - S d ng l nh Break
Select object: Chn i tng (1)
Enter second point (or F for first point): im th hai gii hn
phn c xa (2)
Nu chn i tng bng mt im, im c mc nh l
im th nht gii hn phn c xa .
Nu tr li F th AutoCAD s yu cu xc nh li im th
nht v im th hai gii hn phn xa.
Enter first point: Chn im th nht (1)

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Enter second point: Chn im th hai (2)


im th hai khng nht thit phi nm trn i tng, khi
AutoCAD s ly im trn i tng gn im th hai nht.
Khi i tng l mt ng trn th lnh Break s xa t im
th nht ti im th hai theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h.

2.14. L nh EXTEND
Lnh ko di i tng v ti mt ng bin xc nh
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Extend
Command line: Extend
Select boundary edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend)
Select objects: (chn cc i tng c dng lm ng bin)
...
Select object: (kt thc vic chn ng bin)
<Select object to extend> / Project / Edge / Undo:(chn i tng cn ko di hay
P, E, U).

Bng 2.6- K o dn i tng


Select object to extend
Ch nh on mun ko dn. im t chut khi tc ng
ln i tng phi gn cui ng pha i tng chn.
nh Enter khi kt thc lnh.
Project
Ch ra cch thc ko di i tng.

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None / Ucs / View <current>: Chn N, U , V


None
i tng c ko dn trong trng hp i tng
c to im giao vi cnh ca mt phng bin
trong khng gian.

UCS
i tng c ko dn ti cnh bin hoc mt
phng bin.

View

Edge
Ch nh on mun ko dn.
Extend / No extend <current>: Chn v tr hoc Enter
Extend
ng bin c quy nh c phn ko di ca
on thng. im ko di chnh l giao im ca
hai ng thng ca yu t ko di v yu t bin.
No extend
Yu t ko di c thc hin khi ng thng ko
di thc s ct on thng yu t bin.
Undo
Hy thao tc sai trc .

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

2.15. L nh LENGTHEN
Thay i chiu di i tng (nn hoc gin) l on thng hoc cung trn
Command line: Lengthen
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]:
+ Chn mt i tng : AutoCAD s cho hin th chiu di hin thi ca i
tng.
+ DE : cho php thay i chiu di i tng bng cch nhp vo khong tng
(delta). Nu gi tr khong tng l m th s lm gim kch thc i tng, khong
tng dng s lm tng kch thc i tng. Sau la chn ny s xut hin dng
nhc ph :
Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: nhp vo khong tng ti y
Select an object change or[Undo]: Chn i tng cn hiu chnh chiu di
Dng nhc trn s xut hin lin tc cho n khi ta bm phm
+ Percent : La chn ny cho php thay i chiu di i tng theo t l phn trm
so vi chiu di gc ban u ca i tng c chn. Khi t l phn trm >100 th
chiu di i tng tng; khi t l phn trm <100 th chiu di i tng gim. Sau
la chn ny s xut hin dng nhc ph :
Enter percentage length or [Angle] <100.0000>: nhp gi tr phn trm mi
Select an object change or[Undo]: Chn i tng cn hiu chnh chiu di
+ Total : La chn ny dng thay i tng chiu di ca mt i tng hoc gc
m cung theo gi tr mi nhp vo. Sau la chn ny s xut hin dng nhc ph :
Speciafy total length or [Angle] <1.0000>: nhp gi tr (hoc A chn gc)
Select an object change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn hiu chnh kch thc
+ Dynamic : dng thay i ng chiu di ca i tng thng qua con tr
chut.

2.16. L nh CHAMFER
Lnh lm vt mp i tng
Lnh Chamfer (vt mp) cho php ni tip hai ng thng bng mt on thng xc nh.
Lnh ny hot ng tng t nh lnh Fillet.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Chamfer
Command line: Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.5000, Dist2 = 0.5000
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: Chn mt phng thc

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Bng 2.7 - Minh ho l nh CHAMFER


Select first line
Chn mt trong hai cnh cn ct vt ca i tng 2D hoc 3D
solid.
Trng hp i tng 2D

Select second line: Chn cnh ct vt th hai


Trng hp i tng 3D
Nu bn chn cnh ca i tng 3D solid, bn phi cho bit mt
tronghai mt lin k nhau ti cnh l b mt c s.
Select base surface:chn mt c s
Next / <OK>: Chn N hoc O
Chn O la chn mt c s. Chn N la chn mt tip theo.
Thng qua hai mt xc nh c cnh giao nhau gia hai mt.

Loop / <Select edge>: Chn mt phng thc


Select edge
La chn ct vt tng cnh

Loop
Chn tt c cc cnh trong mt c s

Polyline

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Ct vt cho mt Polyline: hot ng ca ty chn ny tng t nh


trong lnh fillet.

Distances
t khong cch cho cnh vt. Ty chn ny dng xc nh
di vt cho mi cnh, chng c th bng nhau, khc nhau hay bng
0. Gi tr di vt xc nh bng ty chn ny s tr thnh hin
hnh v c duy tr cho n khi thay bng gi tr khc.
Enter first chamfer distance <current>: Cho khong cnh vt cnh
th nht
Enter second chamfer distance <current>: Cho khong cnh vt
cnh th nht

Angle
t khong cch vt cho cnh th nht, khong cch vt cnh th
hai c tnh thng qua cnh th nht v gc gia chng.
Enter first chamfer distance <current>: Cho khong cnh vt cnh
th nht
Enter angle from the first line <current>: Gi tr gc

Trim
Chn ch ct / khng ct cho lnh chamfer
Trim/No Trim <current>: chn mt phng thc
Method
Chn phng thc nhp theo hai khong cch hoc theo mt khong
cch v mt gc.
Distance / Angle / <current>: Chn mt phng thc

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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Php bin i hnh, sao chp hnh


v qun l bn v theo lp
Cc l nh sao ch p v bi n i h nh
3.1.

L nh MOVE

Lnh di chuyn mt hay nhiu i tng


C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Move
Command line: Move
Select objects: Chn cc i tng mun di chuyn
Specify base point or displacement: To im c s (1)
Specify base point or displacement: Specify second point of displacement or
<use first point as displacement>: To im ch di chuyn ti (2)
i m c s (1) c th l i m b t k : bn trong, bn ngoi ho c trn i tng
chn. l i m m sau khi k t thc l nh Move th to i m sri ng vo
to i m sd ch n (2).

3.2.

L nh ROTATE

Lnh xoay i tng quanh mt im chun theo mt gc

Base point

Base point

H nh 3.1 - Xoay i tng quanh 1 i m bng l nh Rotate.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Rotate
Command line: Rotate
Select objects: Chn cc i tng mun xoay
Specify base point: Ch nh im chun (1)
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: ch nh gc xoay hoc di chuyn chut cho
n khi i tng t c hng mong mun ri nhn im ch.

3.3.

L nh SCALE

Lnh thay i kch thc i tng v


Lnh Scale cho php tng gim kch thc ca mt hay mt nhm i tng theo mt t l
nht nh. Nu cc i tng ny c ghi kch thc th cc gi tr kch thc s c
t ng cp nht (vi iu kin ta chp nhn gi tr mc nh ca dng nhc Dim text trong
ln ghi kch thc .
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Scale
Command line: Scale
Select objects: Chn i tng thu phng
Specify base point: Ch nh im chun (1)
Specify scale factor or [Reference]: H s phng hoc R

Scale factor
Nhp h s thu phng ca cc i tng c chn.
Nu t l ln hn 1 s lm tng kch thc ca i tng
v ngc li.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

59

Reference
Tng t nh lnh Rotate, cn phi nhp vo t l tham chiu ca cc i tng v t l
mi cn t c. AutoCAD s t ng thu (hoc phng) i tng theo t l tng ng
vi gi tr tham chiu.
Specify reference length <1>: nhp chiu di tham chiu
Specify new length: nhp chiu di mi
V d:

3.4.

L nh MIRROR

Lnh ly i xng gng


To mt hnh i xng vi mt hnh c trn bn v
qua mt trc i xng xc nh.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Mirror
Command line: Mirror
Select object:(chn i tng)
....
Specify first point of mirror line: (im th nht ca trc i xng(1))
Specify second point of mirror line: (im th hai ca trc i xng(2))
Delete old objects <N>: (Y hoc N)
Tr li Y xa cc i tng c i v tr li N nu mun gi cc i tng c.

Ly i xng cc hng ch v thuc tnh


Ty thuc vo gi tr ca bin mirrtext m cc hng ch v cc thuc tnh c ly
i xng bng lnh mirror s c dng bnh thng hay i xng.
Khi Mirrtext = 1 (mc nh) cc hng ch c ly i xng nh cc hnh v khc.
Khi Mirrtext = 0, sau khi i xng, cc hng ch s c dng bnh thng.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Vi cc gi tr ca thuc tnh trong Block, khi ly i xng cng chu tc dng ca


bin Mirrtext nh i vi text. V d sau y minh ha nh hng ca bin Mirrtext.

3.5.

L nh STRETCH

Lnh ko gin i tng v


Cho php di chuyn mt phn i tng c chn m vn duy tr vic dnh ni vi phn
cn li. Cc i tng c th Stretch l lines, arcs, Traces, Solids v Polylines... Dim...
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Stretch
Command line: Stretch
Select objects: (chn i tng mun ko dn thng qua ch chm khung)
V d:

Specify base point or displacement: im c s hay di (3)


Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: im th hai
hay di (4)
Ch :

Khi chn i tng trong lnh Stretch phi dng kiu chn bng ca s
(Crossing, Window, CPolygon, WPolygon) t nht mt ln. Nhng i tng no
giao vi khung ca s chn s c ko gin (hoc co li) nhng i tng no
nm lt hn trong khung ca s chn s c di i (Move).

Nu dng chn i tng kiu ca s nhiu ln, ca s cui cng l ca s chu


tc dng ca lnh Stretch.

C th loi (Remove) mt hay nhu i tng khi danh sch la chn hoc
thm (Add) i tng vo danh sch chn.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

61

Nu khng xc nh ca s khi chn i tng, AutoCAD s thng bo: You


must select a window to Stretch (bn cn chn mt ca s Stretch) v chm
dt lnh.

3.6.

L nh COPY

Lnh sao chp i tng


Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Edit menu, chn Copy
Command line: Copy
Bng 3.1 - Minh ho l nh COPY
Select objects: Chn i tng cn sao chp
Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Chn im c s
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as
displacement>: chn im ch copy n
Base point or displacement
Nu bn tr vo mt im, AutoCAD dng im th nht lm im c
s(1). To im th hai(2) l v tr ca i tng c sao chp.
Nu bit khong cch c th dng cch nhp to cc.
Mulltiple
Cho php sao chp i tng gc thnh nhiu bn m ch cn mt ln
gi lnh copy. AutoCAD s lp i lp li dng nhc Second point of
displacement cho n khi nhn c tr li Null th kt thc lnh.

3.7.

L nh OFFSET

Lnh v song song


Lnh Offset cho php to mt i tng mi song song vi i tng c ch ra v cch
i tng ny mt khong xc nh hay i qua mt im xc nh. i tng gc c th l
mt trong cc dng line, arc, pline, spline...
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Offset
Command line: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] < gi tr mc nh>: nhp v khong cch gia cc
i tng song song
Select object to offset or <exit>: chn i tng gc

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Specify point on side to offset: chn pha (phi hay tri) t i tng pht sinh
Select object to offset or <exit>: tip tc chn hoc thot
Gii thch :
Offset distance
To mt i tng song song vi i tng chn thng qua khong cch.
Specify point on side to offset: (chn pha t i tng mi bng cch nhp vo mt
im bt k v pha ).

Through
To mt i tng song song vi i tng chn thng qua to im
Select object to offset: (chn i tng v song song)
Through point: To im (1)

Lu : L nh offset ch c tc dng vi cc i tng nh l line, arc, circle v polyline. Khi


chn i tng ch c th chn bng cch i m vo i tng . Khng th chn i
tng bng Window, Cross, Fence, WPolygon, CPolygon hay Last.

3.8.

L nh ARRAY

Lnh sao chp to dy


Lnh array cho php sao chp i tng thnh nhiu i tng v sp xp chng theo dng
dy ch nht (rectangular) hay dy trn (polar).
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Array
Command line: Array
Sau khi gi lnh Array s xut hin hp thoi hnh 3.2 (nu ta s dng lnh -Array th s
xut hin cc dng nhc thay v hin hp thoi. Ti cch nhp lnh ny cc tham s lnh s
c nhp theo phng thc hi p ging nh phn ln cc lnh ca AutoCAD ).

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

63

Command line: -Array


Select objects: chn i tng gc
Select objects: kt thc chn i tng
Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: chn kiu sp xp i tng pht sinh
l R hoc P
Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: s hng cc i tng s pht sinh
Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: s ct cc i tng s pht sinh
Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): gin cch gia cc hng ca
i tng pht sinh
Specify the distance between columns (|||): gin cch gia cc ct ca i tng pht
sinh

H nh 3.2 - Hp thoi Array vi la chn Rectangular array.


Rectangular
Ty chn ny cho php to ra mt mng theo dng ch
nht. AutoCAD s yu cu nhp vo s hng v ct, cng
nh khong cch gia cc hng v ct.

Khi khong cch gi a cc hng l d ng, s hng thm vo snm ph a trn i


tng c s. Cn khi khong cch gi a cc hng l m th ngc li. T ng t nh
th n u khong cch gi a cc ct l d ng th cc ct thm vo s nm ph a
bn phi i tng c s v ngc li.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Vi la chn Rectangular ny nu khai bo t hp thoi hnh 3.2 ta c th chn i tng


c s bng cch bm phm
, sau khi bm chn phm ny mn hnh hp
thoi tm thi b ct i, ta c th s dng chut chn mt hoc nhiu i tng, sau khi
kt thc chn hp thoi hnh 3.2 s li ti hin ta tip tc thc hin lnh Array.
+ Cc khai bo Row offset v Column ofset : l khong cch gia cc hng v cc ct ca
i tng s c to ra. Cc khong cch ny c th nhp trc tip bng cch g s vo
cc tng ng hoc bm

ch nh chng t mn hnh ho.

+ Khai bo Angle of array : dng ch nh gc quay xt theo hng hoc ct ca cc i


tng pht sinh.
Cc tham s chn t hp thoi ny c s dng to ra m h nh minh
ho trn hp thoi. V d trn h nh 3.2 ta chn s hng (rows)=3; s ct
(columns) = 4; gc nghing (Angle of array)=30, th trn ph n th hi n s
nh n th y khi h nh gm 3 hng, 4 ct c th hi n nghing mt gc 30 .
Polar
Ty chn ny cho php t cc i tng c sao chp theo mt ng trn (circle) hay
cung trn (arc). Cc i tng c sao chp c th ly cng phng vi i tng gc hay
s c quay khi to dy.

H nh 3.3 - l nh Array.

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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

H nh 3.4 - Hp thoi Array vi la chn Polar array.


Hp thoi hnh 3.4 cng c nhiu thnh phn tng t ca hp thoi hnh 3.2, cch s dng
cc phm
;
l hon ton tng t. Ngoi ra hp thoi hnh 3.4 cn c
thm cc thnh phn s liu sau y :
+ Center point X,Y : L to ca tm pht sinh. to ny c th nhp trc tip hoc
bm chn t mn hnh ho thng qua cng c

+ Method : la chn phng php v pht sinh dy (pht sinh theo s lng cho trc hay
pht sinh lin tip cc i tng theo gc tm ...)
+
: la chn ny nu c chn cc i tng s c t ng xoay i
mt gc (hnh 3.4), nu khng chn th sau khi pht sinh cc khi hnh mi s c cng
hng th hin nh ca i tng gc.
Trong ty chn ny, nu mun thc hin t dng nhc theo cch nhp truyn thng
th cc bc tin hnh s l :
Command line: -Array
Rectangular or Polar array (R/P): p
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: chn i tng c s

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Select objects: kt thc chn i tng


Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <R>: p
Specify center point of array or [Base]: nhp to tm xoay ca cc i tng s pht
sinh
Enter the number of items in the array: s lng i tng s pht sinh
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: gc pht sinh - nu l 360 th s l pht
sinh theo mt vng trong kn
Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: c xoay i tng sau khi pht sinh khng? (Y =
c, N = khng - xem hnh 3.3)
3.9.

L nh FILLET

Lnh bo trn i tng


Bng 3.2 - Minh ho l nh FILLET
Lnh Fillet dng ni tip hai ng thng, cung trn, ng trn
bng mt cung trn c bn knh xc nh.
Mc nh AutoCAD yu cu xc nh hai i tng hay hai phn
on ca Polyline fillet. Vic chn i tng thng tin hnh bng
cch im vo i tng hay cng c th bng ca s nhng phi m
bo trong mt ln chn khng c qu hai i tng trong ca s .
Sau khi chn hai i tng, AutoCAD s t ng ko di chng
(nu cn) cho ti khi chng ct nhau, ri ta i phn tha (gi li on
c chn) v ni chng bng mt cung trn c bn knh l bn knh
hin hnh (xc nh bng ty chn Radius trong lnh ny).

Trn thanh cng c, chn


T Modify menu, chn Fillet
Command line: Fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 15.0000 (cc tham s hin ti ca AutoCAD )
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]:chn i tng (1) hoc mt trong cc tham s
Select second object: chn i tng th (2)
Polyline

Tu chn ny cho php ln cong tt c cc phn on ca Polyline vi cng bn


knh xc nh.
Polyline/Radius/<Select first object>: p
Select 2D polyline: (chn polyline phng).

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Tt c cc phn on s c ln cong theo bn knh hin hnh, k c cc on


c ln cong cng s c ln cong theo bn knh mi.
Radius
t bn knh ln cong
Ty chn ny cho php kim tra v thay i bn knh ln cong
Polyline/Radius/<Select first object>:r
Specify fillet radius <10.0000>: (vo gi tr bn knh ln cong)
Gi tr nhp vo s l gi tr hin hnh v c duy tr cho n khi thay i n. Khi
ln u tin dng lnh fillet, gi tr Radius c mc nh bng 0 v vi bn knh
th hai ng c fillet ch ni nh vi nhau. C th dng tnh cht ny ni
nh hai ng thng, cung trn mt cch nhanh chng.
Trim
Chn ch ct / khng ct cho lnh Fillet
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <current>: chn mt phng thc

Cc l nh lm vi c vi lp
Khi nim v lp
thun tin khi v v qun l cc bn v phc tp, AutoCAD dng cc lp
(Layer) khc nhau th hin. C th hnh dung lp nh mt tm knh trong sut
c hnh v. Bn v s gm mt hay nhiu tm knh nh vy chng ln nhau.
c tnh ca lp
- Mi lp c mt tn ring, cha kiu ng nt (Line type), mu sc (Color) mc
nh do ngi s dng qui nh. Cc hnh v t trn mt lp nu khng c ch nh
ring s c mu sc v kiu ng nt ca lp .
- C th c cc hnh v trn mt (hoc nhiu) lp tt i hoc cho chng xut hin li
trn bn v.
- C th sa cha, v d ty xa, trn nhiu lp cng mt lc nhng mi ln ch
c v trn mt lp. Lp ang hot ng gi l lp hin hnh (Current layer), khi
mt hnh c v, n s c t ln lp hin hnh. Tn lp hin hnh c th
hin trn dng trng thi (status line).
- Mt lp c th b ng c (freez), b kha (lock) hoc tt (turn off).
- S lng lp c th khai bo trong 01 bn v l khng c gii hn. Tn lp thng
c t theo ni dung ca cc i tng trn v d :
+ Lp a hnh
+ Lp ng ng mc
+ Lp c s h tng
v.v...

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3.10. L nh LAYER
Lnh Layer dng t lp mi, chn lp hin hnh, t mu sc v kiu ng nt
cho lp, tt hoc m lp, kha hay m kha cho lp, lm ng c hay tan ng
cho lp v lit k cc lp nh ngha trong bn v.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Format menu, chn Layer
Ti dng lnh, nhp Layer
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 3.5

Trong mc Layer, bn c th to mt layer hin tai, thm mt layer mi vi tn


c nhp ti Name, i tn mt layer.

H nh 3.5 - Hp thoi nh danh lp.


T hp thoi ny ta c th bt tt, lm ng cng hoc lm tan ton b Layer, kho v m
kho cc Layer bng cch bm chut trc tip ln cc hp biu th tng ng c th l :

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Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

: Tt <m> lp hin hnh, khi lp b tt th biu tng chuyn thnh , lc ny mi


i tng thuc lp tm thi b ct khi mn hnh v ta khng th nhn thy, khng th sa
cha, khng th in cc i tng thuc lp ny cho n khi phi bt tr li chng.
: ng bng (Freeze) <lm tan bng (Thaw) > ca lp hin chn. Khi lp b ng
bng biu tng ny t ng chuyn thnh

: Kho <m kho> cho lp. Khi lp b kho


cc i tng trong lp s khng th
hiu chnh c, tuy nhin ta vn c th nhn thy cc i tng thuc lp v vn c th in
chng c.
: Bm chut vo v tr ny ta c th thay i mu sc th hin cho cc i tng
thuc lp thng qua hp thoi hnh 3.6. Mu y c hiu l mu ngm nh, ngha l
nu ta v mt i tng no thuc lp ny th mu ca i tng ban u c chn l
mu ca lp, tuy nhin sau ta hon ton c th chn v nh ngha li mu cho tng i
tng theo cc mc ch c th no .

H nh 3.6 - Hi u ch nh m u cho lp.


: Cho php c th hiu chnh kiu nt ca cc i tng v thuc lp. Khi bm
chn vo v tr ny s thy xut hin hp thoi hnh 3.7 t y c th chn mt trong cc
kiu nt th hin cho cc i tng thuc lp.
AutoCAD mc nh cho php chn mt trong 07 kiu nt v (lin nt; gch chm; chm
chm ...) tuy nhin ta c th chn thm nhiu kiu nt khc na nu bm chn phm
. Khi AutoCAD s cho hin hp thoi vi rt nhiu kiu la chn nt khc

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nhau (c lin kt vi File) thm ch ngi s dng cng cn c th t nh ngha thm


cc kiu nt v mi.

H nh 3.7 - Hi u ch nh n t v cho lp.


: Khi bm chn vo v tr ny AutoCAD s cho hin hp thoi hnh 3.8, t y
ngi s dng c th hiu chnh m nht ca nt v th hin trn lp hin chn. dy
ca nt v c th c chn t 0 (mc nh) n 2.11mm. Tuy nhin nu chn dy nt
v ln th khi th hin cc bn v d b ri v cng i hi thi gian ng k mi khi thc
hin lnh thu phng hnh.

H nh 3.8 - Hi u ch nh d y cho n t v ca lp.


Ngoi ra t hp thoi hnh 3.5 ta cn c th thc hin nhiu thao tc khc na nh :
Bm

nh ngha mt lp mi.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Bm

71

nu mun loi b lp hin chn

Bm
chn lp ang c nh du lm lp hin hnh. Sau lnh chn
ny, nu ta v thm mt i tng no th i tng mi s thuc v lp hin hnh.
Bm
v.v...

hin cc thng tin chi tit cho lp hin chn.

N u ta mun thc hi n vi c nh p cc tham s l nh Layer t dng l nh th ch


vi c g thm d u tr - trc c u l nh ti dng nh c.
Command: -layer
Enter an option [?/Make/Set/New/ON/OFF/Color/Ltype/ LWeight/ Plot/ Freeze/
Thaw/ LOck/ Unlock/ stAte]: chn mt trong cc tham s
Bng 3.3 - L nh Layer
? -- List Layer
Ty chn ny lit k tnh trng, mu sc, kiu ng nt ca cc lp
c ch nh. AutoCAD s yu cu vo tn mt hay mt nhm lp
cn xem:
Layer name to list <*>: tn cc Layer cn lit k hoc
Make
To mt lp mi v qui nh n lm lp hin hnh
New current layer <0>: Nhp tn hoc
Set
Qui nh mt lp c lm lp hin hnh
New current layer <0>: Nhp tn
New
To mt (hay nhiu) lp mi nhng khng lm cho n thnh hin
hnh. Tn ca lp khng c di qu 31 k t bao gm cc k t l
ch, s v -, _, $. Tn ca cc lp cch nhau bi du phy.
New layer name(s): danh sch tn
ON
Lm cho hin th (thy c) mt hay nhiu lp c chn
Layer name(s) to turn On <>: danh sch tn
OF
Lm tt (khng thy c) mt hay nhiu lp c chn.
Layer name(s) to turn Off <>: danh sch tn
Color

72

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Thit lp mu cho lp. Khi mt lp mi c to thnh, AutoCAD


mc nh cho n c mu trng (white). Dng ty chn ny thit lp
mu khc cho lp.
Color: Nhp tn ca loi mu hoc s nguyn tng ng ca mu 1 255
Ltype
Thit lp kiu ng nt.Khi to lp mi, AutoCAD mc nh cho n
c kiu ng nt l nt lin (continuous). Ty chn ny cho php
thit lp kiu ng nt khc cho lp (kiu ng nt ny c ti
vo bn v hoc nm trong file AutoCAD.lin).
Linetype (or ?) <CONTINUOUS>:
C th vo tn kiu ng nt hoc lit k tn ca tt c cc kiu
ng nt a vo bn v v cc m t vn tt v chng.
Freeze
Lm ng c mt hay nhiu lp c ch nh. Ty chn ny ging
nh ty chn OFF nhng AutoCAD s khng x l cc hnh v trn
cc lp b ng c trong qu trnh cp nht cc thay i gip cho
vic th hin li (regeneration) nhanh chng hn.
Layer name(s) to Freeze <>: danh sch tn
Thaw
Lm tan nhng lp b ng c.
Layer name(s) to Thaw <>: danh sch tn
Lock
Kha mt hay nhiu lp c ch nh. Khi mt lp no b kha
(lock), cc hnh v trn lp ny c th thy c nhng khng th xa
hay hiu chnh c.
Layer name(s) to Lock <>: danh sch tn
Unlock
M kha mt hay nhiu lp b kha c ch nh.
Layer name(s) to Unlock <>: danh sch tn

3.11.

L nh LINETYPE

To, np, t kiu ng


AutoCAD cho php bn qui nh loi ng theo tng nhm i tng hoc theo tng
lp. Nu bn qui nh loi ng cho lp th tt c cc i tng v trn lp u
c th hin bng loi ng c trng c qui nh cho lp tr phi bn thay i

73

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

tnh cht ca n. Trc khi qui nh loi ng cho lp hoc tng thc th, bn phi
np cc loi ng bng lnh LINETYPE
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Format menu, chn Linetype
Ti dng lnh, nhp LineType
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 3.9

H nh 3.9 - nh ki u cho n t v.
Nt Load... Np cc loi ng vo bng LineType (hp thoi hnh 3.10).

74

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

H nh 3.10 - Np ki u ng.
Cc la chn trong hp thoi hnh 3.10
+Nt File... : Cho php np tp th vin cha cc kiu ng nt khc nhau vo
bng Available Linetypes
+ Chn kiu ng nt ti Available Linetypes ri nhn nt OK cc loi kiu
ng thng c np
+ Chn Cancel hu b lnh
Chn kiu ng thng cho lp hin hnh
Name
Dng con tr chut chn tn kiu ng hoc nh tn ti Name v ti chng vo
bn v
Description
Hin th kiu ng thng chn
Global Scale Factor
iu chnh t l ca cc kiu ng nt t trn ton b bn v. Vi h s t l
thch hp, c th lm co li hay ko dn cc on gch v cc khong h xen k.
(Xem lnh LTScale)
Current Object Scale
iu chnh t l ca kiu ng hin ti khi bt u v. Cc i tng trc
khng b thay i t l
ISO Pen Width
t dy ca nt v.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

75

Use Paper Space Units for Scaling


H s t l gia paper space v model space l nh nhau. c s dng khi lm
vic vi nhiu vng nhn ( Viewports )
Ti dng lnh nhp -Linetype AutoCAD hin th
Command: -linetype
?/Create/Load/Set:
? -- List Linetypes
Hin ln danh sch cc kiu ng thng c trong tp tin *.lin
File to list <AutoCAD>: Tn tp tin cha cc kiu ng thng
Create
Ty chn ny thit lp mt kiu ng nt mi v ct vo mt file th vin. Vic
to ra mt kiu ng nt mi ca ngi dng s c cp n gio trnh nng
cao.
Load
Ty chn ny cho php ti kiu ng nt vo bn v t mt file xc nh, xut hin
dng nhc tip theo:
Linetype (s) to load: (tn kiu ng nt cn ti vo)
C th vo tn nhiu kiu ng nt, cc tn cch nhau bng du phy, hoc
dng cc k t i din * v ?. Sau AutoCAD s hin th hp thoi Select
Linetype file chn file c cha cc m t kiu ng nt cn ti vo bn v. Cc
file ny c phn m rng l.lin.
Set
Cho php t mt kiu ng nt tr thnh hin hnh.
?/Create/Load/Set: s
New object linetype (or ?) <BYLAYER>: tn kiu ng thng, ?, bylayer,
byblock hoc
?-AutoCAD s lit k v m t (nu c) cc kiu ng nt ti vo bn v.
Bylayer - Cc i tng v s c kiu ng nt ca lp cha n.
Byblock - Cc i tng v c v vi nt lin cho ti khi chng c nhm thnh
mt khi (block). Khi t (insert) khi ny vo bn v, n s c kiu ng nt l
kiu ng nt hin hnh.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

3.12.

L nh LTSCALE

Bng 3.4 - i u ch nh t l ng n t
Lnh Ltscale dng iu chnh t l ca cc kiu ng nt t.
Vi h s t l thch hp, c th lm co li hay ko dn cc on
gch v cc khong h xen k.
Command line: ltscale
Enter new linetype scale factor <gi tr hin hnh>: (vo h s t l)
H s t l l mt s ln hn 0. Gi tr ny s nh hng ti tt c cc
nt t ng bn v.

3.13.

L nh PROPERTIES

y l mt trong nhng lnh thuc dng tng qut ca AutoCAD . Lnh ny c th s


dng thay i cc tnh cht, thuc tnh, to ... ca cc i tng v. Sau khi gi lnh
ny nu ta chn (Select) mt i tng no thuc mn hnh ho th mi thuc tnh
lin quan n i tng chn s c th hin trn cc s liu ca hp thoi Properties.
Lnh ny c th c gi thng qua mt trong cc cch sau :
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Properties
Ti dng lnh, nhp Properties
Chn mt i tng (select) - bm phm chut phi hin menu ng ri chn
Properties.
Bm p phm chut tri vo i tng cn hiu chnh.
Sau khi gi lnh s thy mt hp thoi c dng nh trn hnh 3.11. y l hp thoi c
bit, c lin kt ng vi i tng chn nn cc thnh phn s liu trn n s khc
nhau tu thuc vo kiu ca i tng hin chn. Trn hnh 3.11 l th hin khi ta ang
chn mt i tng l cung trn. Nu ta trn mn hnh ho ta chn mt i tng
khc (ch nht chng hn) th phn th hin trn hp thoi s thay i tng ng theo.

77

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

B m chut v o y thay
i m u hi n th cho i
tng hi n chn

H nh 3.11 - Hp thoi Properties.

Trn hp thoi ny cha hu nh ton b thng tin v i tng hin chn (mu sc, kiu
ng, to ...). Nu mun thay i thuc tnh no ca i tng ch vic kch chut vo
v tr s liu m t (hnh 3.11). Ngoi ra tin thm cho ngi s dng AutoCAD 2002
cn cho php chn, sa thuc tnh i tng thng qua hp thoi chn nhanh (Quick
select), bng cch bm phm

gi hp thoi hnh 3.12.

78

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

H nh 3.12 - Hp thoi Quick Select.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

79

v k hiu vt liu
Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn
Cc l nh vk hi u m t c t
4.1.

M t c t v h nh c t

Thng thng trong mt bn v k thut ngoi cc th hin ng nt cn cn n cc th


hin bn trong khi hnh. V d khi ta v mt mt ct a cht th ngoi cc nt th hin lp
a cht cn cn n cc th hin bn trong phn gii hn ca mi lp t (loi t, thnh
phn ct liu....). Khi v mt bn v xy dng ngoi cc bn v hnh chiu bng, chiu
ng... rt nhiu trng hp cn cn n cc hnh v c th hin mt ct. Cc hnh ct v
mt ct khng ch mang ngha l lm p cho bn v m i khi cn cha ng thm ry
nhiu ni dung thng tin trong . V d nhn vo bn v mt ct ta c th bit l mt
ct i qua vt liu l thp, hay g hay b tng; nhn vo bn v a cht cng trnh ta c th
bit tn, mt s tnh cht c l ca lp t m t v.v...
Cc minh ho trn cho thy vic th hin bn v vi cc hnh ct, mt ct mang ngha rt
ln. Tuy nhin cc mu t mt ct trong AutoCAD 2002 ch yu c vit theo tiu chun
ANSI (America National Standards Institute) v tiu chun ISO (International Standards
Organization). Cc tiu chun ny ch c mt s mu l c th s dng c cho TCVN.
Do vy nu mun c cc bn v ng TCVN th ngi s dng phi t nh ngha ly cc
mu t cho mnh.

H nh 4.1 Mt s m u m t c t ca Autotcad.

80

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

4.2.

Tr nh t vh nh c t, m t c t

v mt hnh ct ta c th thc hin theo th t sau :


To hnh ng kn bng cc lnh Line, Rectangle, Arc, Pline, Ellipse, Trim....
T Draw menu chn Hatch (hoc t dng nhc g lnh : Bhatch)
T hp thoi Boundary Hatch chn tab
t ti hp thoi ny.

(hnh 4.2). Chn cc tham s mu

T hp thoi hnh 4.2 chn


sau ch nh vng cn t trn mn
hnh ho. C th chn nhiu vng khc nhau thng qua hnh ng chut, bm
phm Enter quay li vi hp thoi hnh 4.2.
Bm chn

xem th hnh dng mu t, nu chp nhn mu t hin

chn th bm
4.3.

kt thc lnh.

L nh FILL

Bt <tt> ch in y cc i tng nh multilines, traces, solids, solid-fill


hatches, v b dy ca polylines
Ti dng lnh, nhp fill
Tu chn
ON/OFF <ON>: Nhp ON hoc OF, hoc
ON
Bt ch in y cc nt v c dy ca i tng v.

OFF
Tt ch in y.

Khi AutoCAD ang ch FILL=ON, cc hnh ct, mt ct th hin y thuc tnh


ca chng, tuy nhin trong trng hp s lng cc hnh ct c trong bn v l ln, cu
hnh my li khng mnh th mi ln thu phng hnh hoc v li (Regen) s l kh mt thi
gian, khi ta c th chuyn FILL=OFF tm thi cho php AutoCAD khng th
hin cc mu t - rt ngn thi gian mi khi thc hin lnh thu phng.
4.4.

L nh BHATCH

V k hiu vt liu trong mt ct thng qua hp hi thoi

81

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Lnh Bhatch cho php gch mt ct (hatch) mt vng khp kn c bao quanh bi cc
ng (thng hay cong) bng cch im vo mt im bn trong vng hay chn ng
bao quanh vng .
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn hatch
Command line: bhatch
AutoCAD s hin th hp thoi Boundary Hatch nh sau:

H nh 4.2 - Hp thoi Boundary Hatch.


Pattern Type - t loi mu
Predefined - Chn loi mu t c nh ngha trong tp tin AutoCAD.pat
User-defined -Mu do ngi dng nh ngha
Custom - Mu t do ngi dng nh ngha c t trong tp tin a.pat hoc phn tip theo
trong tp tin AutoCAD.pat
Pattern - Chn tn mu t ln bn v. c th xem v chn kiu mu t cc mu c sn
ca AutoCAD bn c th nhn nt
Swatch : Th hin ca mu chn c tn chn Pattern.
Custom Pattern - Nhp tn mu t do ngi s dng to ra
Scale - Thay i t l mu t
Angle - Vo gc nghing cho ng gch.
Spacing -Xc nh khong cch gia cc ng gch.

82

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Double - La chn ny cho php AutoCAD v lot ng th hai vung gc vi lot


ng gc (gch an cho).
Composition : c hai la chn
+Associative : cc ng m t mt ct c lin kt vi nhau. KHi nu tta thc
hin lnh Scale, Stretch vi cc ng bin ca mu t th din tch vng mu t
cng s c t ng thay i theo.
+ Nonassociative : ch ny cc mu t mt ct s ch c nh ngha 01 ln.
Sau khi thc hin lnh Bhatch nu ta thay i din tch ng bin th din tch
vng t s khng c thay i theo (hnh 4.3)

Mu t c s

Associative

Nonassociative

H nh 4.3 - Minh ho cc la chn Composition.


Boundary
Pick Points
Ty chn ny t ng nh ngha vng cn gch mt ct bng cch ch ra mt im
trong vng . AutoCAD s yu cu:
Select interal point: (chn mt im trong vng cn gch mt ct)
Nhc nh trn s c lp li chn nhiu vng cn gch cng vi kiu mt ct chn
cho n khi tr li bng Null ( ) kt thc.

Select Objects
Ty chn ny cho php nh ngha vng cn gch mt ct bng cch chn ng bao. Khi
nhy chut vo ny, AutoCAD s yu cu :
Select Object: chn i tng ( lm ng bao)

83

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Trong trng hp khng mun t mu ln ch nm pha trong ng bao bn chn i


tng TEXT pha trong ng bao ri thc hin t.

Remove Islands
Hu b i tng ng bao nm pha trong ng bao khc

View Selections
Xem tt c cc ng bao v cc nguyn th chn la.
Inherit Properties
Tha hng mu t ca i tng c chn.
Select hatch object: Chn i tng c t
Mi thng s mu t ca i tng s c cp nht trn hp hi thoi Boundary Hatch,
bn c th s dng mu t cho cc i tng khc.
Preview hatch: xem trc vic gch
Nhy chut vo ny, AutoCAD s hin th mt ct s c gch vi cc chn la
trn. Sau AutoCAD s hin th li hp thoi khi nhn phm cho php to cc sa i
cn thit.
Advanced Options

s hin hp thoi hnh 4.4 di y

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

H nh 4.4 - La chn Advanced.


Island Detection Style
La chn ny dng xc nh kiu ca mu t khi gp trung hp c mt min ng kn
khc nm lt hn trong min hin chn (cc hnh lng nhau). Khi AutoCAD cho php
chn mt trong 3 kiu t :
Normal
Mi ng gch s c bt u t ng bao ngoi cng, nu n bt
gp mt ng bao bn trong n s tt cho n khi gp mt ng bao
khc. Nh vy, tnh t ngoi vo cc ng bao c s l c gch cn
cc ng s chn khng c gch ( ng bao ngoi cng c s l).
Outer
Ch gch bt u t ng bao ngoi cng v s tt khi gp mt ng
bao bn trong.
Ignore
in y vng c gii hn bi ng bao ngoi cng l i cc i
tng bn trong.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

4.5.

85

L nh HATCH

V k hiu vt liu trong mt ct thng qua ca s lnh


Command line: hatch
Pattern (? or name/U, Style) <gi tr mc nh>:
Gi tr mt nh l tn ca mu mt ct c dng trc . Vo tn ca mt mu mi
(cha trong file AutoCAD.pat) hoc? lit k tn cc mu trong file ny. Sau khi vo
xong tn mu, AutoCAD yu cu nhp vo t l v gc. V d c th nh sau :
Command line: hatch
Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANGLE>: Nhp tn mu v d :
AR-B816
Specify a scale for the pattern <1.0000>: nhp t l mu
Specify an angle for the pattern <0>: nhp gc in mu
Select objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>: chn i tng cn t
Select objects: Enter kt thc
Nu mun t nh ngha mu t c th s dng lnh nh sau :
Tr li U cho dng nhc trn nu mun t to mt mu mt ct n gin. Dng nhc tip
theo l:
Command line: hatch
Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANGLE>: U - s xut hin dng
nhc ph
Specify angle for crosshatch lines <0>: nhp vo gc nghing nt gch mu t
Specify spacing between the lines <1.0000>: nhp khong cch gia cc nt gch
Double hatch area? [Yes/No] <N>: Y nu mun c cc nt gch theo phng
vung gc, N nu mun ch c nt gch theo mt hng
Select objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>: Chn i tng cn t
Select objects: kt thc lnh
C th xc nh kiu gch (N, O hay I) bng cch thm n sau tn mu mt ct, k c mu
do ngi dng nh ngha, ngn cch bng du phy.
N (Normal)- Bnh thng (cng ging nh khi khng xc nh kiu).
O (Outer) - ch gch vng bn ngoi.
I (Ignote) - B qua cu trc bn trong.
Nu mun cc ng gch sc khng lin kt thnh mt khi m s l nhng ng thng
ring bit (expolded hatch) th phi thm vo trc tn mu mt du sao (*).
Sau khi chn hay nh ngha mu v kiu, AutoCAD s yu cu xc nh ng bao vng
cn gch mt ct bng cch chn i tng.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Select Object: chn cc i tng cc nh ng bao quanh vng cn gch mt ct.


nh hng ca Text, attribute, Ahepe, Trace, Solid i vi vic gch mt ct: nu cc
ng gch sc i qua cc i tng ny (vi iu kin l chng cng c chn), n s t
ng tt. Nh vy cc i tng ny s khng b cc ng gch ct qua tr khi dng kiu
Ignote.
Ch :
- Lp li lnh Hatch: Mu, kiu, t l, gc s tr thnh mc nh sau khi dng lnh
Hatch. Nu lp li ngay lnh Hatch (bng cch nhn Spacebar hay Enter),
AutoCAD s hiu rng gch mt ct vi mu, kiu, t l, gc quay nh trc .
N s b qua cc nhc nh ny v ch nhc nh vic chn i tng xc nh
ng bao.
- Xc nh vng cn gch mt ct: Nu xc nh bng pick point th im ch ra
phi nm trong mt ng bao kn, nu khng mt ct s khng c to thnh v
hp thoi boundary definition error xut hin. Nhy chut vo Look at it thy
ni ng bao khng kn.
- Phn din tch c gch khng c gch chnh xc khi dng select object. Mt
cch chnh xc th cc nguyn th to thnh ng bao phi giao nhau cc im
u ca chng, nu khng th s nhn c kt qu sai lch nh hnh sau:
x l cc trng hp ny phi hiu chnh li cc i tng v hoc dng Bpoly.

4.6.

L nh HATCHEDIT

Lnh hiu chnh mt ct


Lnh ny c th gi trc tip t dng nhc, t Tool box hoc t Menu nh sau :
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Object - Hatch...
Command line: Hatchedit
Select associative hatch object: chn i tng mu t cn hiu chnh
s lm xut hin hp thoi hnh 4.5

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

87

H nh 4.5 - Hp thoi la chn Hatchedit.


Hp thoi ny tng t nh hp thoi hnh 4.4 trnh by, tuy nhin do y l hp thoi
hiu chnh nn trong la chn ny mt s chc nng ca hp thoi hnh 4.4 b cm (khng
truy nhp c) nh cc chc nng Pick points; Select Objects v.v...
AutoCAD mc nh chi cho php nhp cc mu mt ct cha s phn on ti a l 10000.
Vi cc vng t c din tch ln tham s ny c th b trn. Khi ngi s dng c th
nh ngha li tr s ca bin MAXHATCH (v d tng ln 20000) bng lnh :
Command line: Setenv "maxhatch" "20000"
tr s ti thiu v ti a ca bin MAXHATCH l t 100 10000000.

Cc l nh Ghi v hi u ch nh vn bn trong AutoCAD


Cc k t trong bn v AutoCAD c th l cc cu, cc t, cc k t, dng ghi ch thm
ch l mt on vn bn hoc bng biu. y l cc li vn c dng miu t cc i
tng bn trong bn v hoc l gii thch v cng ngh, v tnh cht cc i tng v v.v...
Vn bn trong bn v AutoCAD cng l mt b phn khng th thiu v vic th hin vn
bn trong bn v cng i hi c thm m, tnh khoa hc v cc kin thc nht nh. Tu
thuc vo v tr, tnh cht miu t m cc k t c th c kiu ch, kch thc ch, mu sc,

88

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

hng trnh by khc nhau. Vic la chn hp l cho cc tham s th hin vn bn trong
Autotcad s gip cho bn v tr nn sng sa hn, giu thng tin v mang tnh thm m
cao hn.
4.7.

Tr nh t nh p vn bn vo trong bn v

to mt i tng vn bn trong bn v AutoCAD thng thng ta tin hnh theo cc


bc sau:
To kiu ch cho vn bn bng lnh Style
Nhp k t hoc on vn bn bng lnh Text (hoc MText)
Hiu chnh ni dung vn bn th hin bng lnh Ddedit
on vn bn trong Autotcad cng l mt i tng (tng ng cc i tng Line, Arc,
Rectangle...) do vy cng c th c sao chp, ct dn tng t nh cc i tng khc
ca Autotcad. iu cng c ngha l vn bn trong AutoCAD u c hiu nh cc
i tng ho do nu trong bn v c cha qu nhiu vn bn th khi thc hin cc
lnh thu phng s b chm, khc phc tnh trang Autotcad cho php s dng lnh
Qtext thay th cc dng ch (on vn bn) bng mt mt khung hnh ch nht.

4.8.

L nh STYLE

Lnh t kiu ch
T Format menu, chn Text Style...
Command line: Style hoc -Style
Lnh ny gi n hp thoi hnh 4.6 qua ngi s dng c th chn Font ch, c ch
cng cc tham s khc nh dng vn bn s vit ra mn hnh AutoCAD.

H nh 4.6 - Hp thoi Text Style.

89

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

T hp thoi hnh 4.6 ngi s dng cng c th to ra cc kiu ch nh sn (Tieu de; Ghi
chu; Bng v.v...) bng cch :
Bm chn
hin ca s nhp tn. Ti nhp vo tn ca kiu ch
cn khai bo (v d nhp vo ch Tieu de - hnh 4.7) ri bm phm OK tr v.

H nh 4.7.
Font Name : chn Font ch ca kiu nh to (v d chn Font .VnTimeH)
Font Style : kiu ch th hin (bnh thng, ch m, ch nghing...)
Height : chiu cao ca ch. Nu nhp tr s chiu cao =0 (mc nh) th mi khi
nh lnh Text hoc MText s c li nhc yu cu nhp chiu cao ch s xut
hin. Nu tr s Height c nhp vo ti ay l tr s >0 th k t y mi k t
vit ra mn hnh u c cng chiu cao l Height.
Upside down : dng ch i xng theo phng ngang
Backwards : dng ch i xng theo thng ng
Width factor : h s nn ch theo phng ngang. Nu h s l <1 ch s b nn li,
ngc li ch s c gin rng ra theo phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : nghing ca dng ch so vi phng ngang.
Trong trng hp ta nh p l nh -Style th thay v xu t hi n hp thoi h nh 4.6 cc
tham s c yu c u nh p vo t dng nh c.

4.9.

L nh TEXT, DTEXT

Lnh vit ch trn bn v. Lnh ny cho php nhp cc dng ch vo trong bn v.


Vi mt lnh Text ta c th nhp c nhiu dng ch nm cc v tr khc nhau
trong bn v. Kiu ch xut hin trn mn hnh l kiu ch c quy nh bi lnh
STYLE.
T Draw menu, chn Text -> Single Line
Command line: dtext hoc text
Current text style: "Tieu de 1" Text height: 0.5000
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: nhp vo to im s vit ch
Specify height <0.5000>: Nhp chiu cao ch
Specify rotation angle of text <0>: nhp gc nghing ca ch

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Enter text: Nhp ni dung dng Text


Enter text:
Nu mun thay i kiu ch th sau khi nhp lnh xut hin dng ch
Current text style: "Tieu de 1" Text height: 0.5000
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: g ch S
Enter style name or [?] <Tieu de 1>: nhp vo tn mi (v d Tieu de 2 chng hn)

H nh 4.8. Minh ho vi t ch trong AutoCAD .


Nu mun hiu chnh vic cn l cho dng k t th sau khi xut hin dng nhc nhp ch J
(Justify). Cc khi nim s dng trong lnh TEXT v DTEXT c m t trong bng 4.1
sau y
Bng 4.1 - Minh ho l nh TEXT, DTEXT
Start point
y l ty chn mc nh. Ch cn tr li dng nhc trn bng mt
im, AutoCAD s dng im lm im cn l tri trn ng c
s ca dng ch.
Jystify/Style/<Start point>: (im bt u dng ch)
Height <gi tr hin thi>: (chiu cao ch)
Rotate angle <gi tr hin thi>: (gc ca ng c s dng ch)
Text: (ni dung dng ch - kt thc bng )
Justify
Dng chn cc ty chn cn l khc.

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Command: text
Justify/Style <Start point>: J
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
Dng ch vit trn bn v c cc im cn l l t hp ca cc v tr
Top/Middle/Baseline/Bottom (nh/chnh gia/ ng c s/y) v left
/Center/Right (tri/gia/phi). Hnh sau minh ha v tr cc im cn l
ca mt text.
Align
A (Align): Kiu tra va. AutoCAD s yu cu vo im bt u v
im kt thc (nm trn ng c s) cho dng ch. AutoCAD s t
iu chnh ln (chiu cao v chiu rng) ca ch dng ch nhp
vo nm va vn gia hai im.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
A
First text line point: To im u dng
Second text line point: To im cui dng
Text: (Nhp mt dng ch)
Fit
F (Fit): tng t nh Align nhng AutoCAD s hi thm chiu cao ch
v dng chiu cao ny nhng s iu chnh rng ch dng ch t
vo va vn gia hai im.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
F
First text line point: To im u dng
Second text line point: To im cui dng
Height <4.5741>: cao ch
Text: (Nhp mt dng ch)
Center
C (Center) - Baseline Center: im cn l l im gia trn ng c
s.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
C
Center point: To tm dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
Middle
M (Middle): im cn l l tm ca hnh ch nht tng tng bao

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quanh c dng ch.


Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
M
Middle point: To im gia dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
Right
im cn l l im bn phi ng c s.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
R
End point: To im cui dng
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
TL (Top Left)
im cn l l nh trn bn tri ca hnh ch nht tng tng bao
quanh c dng ch.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
TL
Top/left point: To im trn bn tri dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
TC (Top Center)
im gia ca nh trn.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
TC
Top/center point: To im gia ca nh trn dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
TR (Top Right)
nh trn bn phi
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
TR
Top/right point:To im nh trn bn phi dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch

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Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch


Text: Ni dung dng ch
ML (Middle Left)
im bn tri ca ng Middle.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
ML
Middle/left point:To im gia bn tri dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
MC (Middle Center)
im gia ca ng Middle.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
ML
Middle point:To trung im dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
MR (Middle Right)
im bn phi ca ng Middle.
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
ML
Middle/right point:To im gia bn phi dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
BL (Bottom Left)
im bn tri ca ng dy
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
ML
Bottom/left point:To im di bn tri dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
BC (Bottom Center)
im gia di ca ng dy
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
ML

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Bottom/center point:To im gia di dng ch


Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
BR (Bottom Right)
im bn phi ca ng dy
Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR:
ML
Bottom/right point:To im bn phi di dng ch
Height <5.7200>: cao ch
Rotation angle <23>: gc nghing ca dng ch
Text: Ni dung dng ch
Style
Ty chn ny cho php chn kiu ch khc nhau m trc c
t bng lnh Style. Nu khng ch nh r kiu ch th AutoCAD s
dng kiu ch mc nh l kiu ch va dng trc hoc va to
thnh bng lnh Style.
Style name (or ?) <current>:
Nu tr li? cho dng nhc Style name th AutoCAD s lit k tt c
cc kiu ch c thit lp trong bn v.
Null: nu tr li Null ( ) ngay t dng nhc u tin th AutoCAD
hiu rng dng ch mi s cng loi v t ngay bn di dng ch
trc .
Cc du iu khin c bit
C th t li im cn l ca dng ch trn bn v ti bt k im no
trong khi ang son tho bng cch chn mt im mi vi thit b ch
im. iu ny cho php t cc dng ch bt k ch no trn bn v
vi duy nht mt lnh Dtext.
Vit cc k t c bit:
Cc m i u khi n cc k t c bi t:
%%nnn
V k t c m ASCII l nnn
%% O Gch u abc
%%U
Gch chn abc
%%d
Du (o) (degree)
%%p
Du k hiu dung sai ( ) (plus/minus)
%%c
Du k hiu ng knh ng trn (F )
%%% Du k hiu phn trm (%)

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4.10. L nh MTEXT
Lnh vit nhiu dng ch trn bn v thng qua hp hi thoi
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Text -> Multiline Text
Command line: Mtext
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 0.2000
Specify first corner: bm chut chn to gc th nht ca ch
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: bm
chut chn to gc th hai ca ch
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Multiline Text Editor (hnh 4.9)

H nh 4.9 - Hp thoi Multiline Text Editor.


Bn c th khai bo cc thng s v nhp ni dung text cn th hin trn hp thoi.

4.11. L nh QTEXT
Lnh phn r thuc tnh i tng dng ch gii
Vic th hin vn bn trn mn hnh thng chim nhiu thi gian v mi mt k t l mt i
tng v phc tp c to thnh t nhiu ng thng hoc cung trn. tit kim thi gian, trong
trng hp khng cn phi c cc ch gii th hin trn bn v bn c th dng lnh QTEXT. Do
lnh ny cho php cc ch gii th hin trn bn v c th hin nhanh di dng khung hnh ch
nht m chiu di hnh ch nht l chiu di ca dng ch v chiu rng ca n l chiu cao ca
ch, nn thi gian ti hin rt nhanh. Cch thc hin nh sau:

Command line: qtext


ON / OFF <current>: Chn ON hoc OFF
Nu bn mun th hin cc ch gii di dng
khung ch nht tit kim thi gian ti sinh
do s dng lnh REGEN th bn nh ch On.
Ngc li, nu bn mun c cc ch gii th

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bn tt cng tc trn bng ch OFF. Hnh bn l cc th hin ca hai ch ON v OFF


ca lnh QTEXT.
Sa lnh TEXT bng lnh CHANGE v DDMODIFY
Sa ch bng lnh Change
Command line: Change
Select objects: Chn i tng sa i
Properties/<Change point>:
Enter text insertion point:Nhp im chun ca dng ch
Text style: STANDARD
New style or press ENTER for no change: Kiu ch mi hoc
New height <2.8708>: Gi tr cao ch
New rotation angle <0>:Gc nghing ca dng mi
New text <Hin hnh>:Nhp dng ch mi
Sa ch bng lnh DDModify
Lnh vit nhiu dng ch trn bn v thng qua hp hi thoi
T Modify menu, chn Properties
Command line: ddmodify
AutoCAD hin th hp thoi Modify Text (hnh 4.10) cha cc chc nng sa i dng
ch gii.

H nh 4.10 - S a d ng Text bng hp thoi.

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Nu sa mu, bn nhn chut vo nt Color, sa kiu ng bn nhn chut vo nt


Linetype, sa lp (Layer) bn nhn vo Layer. Nu ch sa mt k t trong dng th bn
nhn chut vo dng ch mun sa, dng phm Del hoc Backspace xo k t sai v
nh k t mi. Tu theo nhu cu m bn nhn vo cc tng ng ca hp hi thoi.

4.12. Nh p ti ng Vi t trong AutoCAD


Mc d cc font ch ting Vit cng l cc TRUE TYPE FONT (TTF) tng t nh vi
cc ngn ng khc trn th gii. Tuy nhin do bng m chun quc gia ca chng ta cha
tht s c ng dng rng ri nhiu c nhn, t chc, a phng a ra cc b m ring
ca mnh (trong ton quc hin c ti trn 40 bng m ting Vit khc nhau). Do vy c
kh nhiu bng m c cc k t ting Vit b trng vi m iu khin ca AutoCAD , v th
trong kh nhiu trng hp khi nh cc dng vn bn ting Vit vi lnh TEXT (DTEXT)
ti dng nhc (command line) s khng hin th c. khc phc tnh trng ny c th
thc hin theo mt trong 2 cch sau :
S dng lnh MTEXT khng phi nhp cc k t ting Vit ti dng lnh
Nu s dng lnh TEXT (DTEXT) th trc ht nn nhp ting Vit theo dng
khng du (toi dang muon hoc tieng Viet), sau bm p phm chut tri vo k
t va xut hin trn mn hnh ho gi hp thoi lnh Ddeit. Sa li cc k t
t y.

H nh 4.11 - S a ti ng Vi t trong hp thoi Edit Text.


Ngoi ra AutoCAD cn cho php ngi s dng c th trnh by cc k t theo dng t
c cha hoc ch to vin thng qua bin TextFill. Khi TEXTFILL = 1 (ON) cc k t s
c t c; khi TEXTFILL = 0 (OFF) cc k t s ch th hin di dng vin

TEXTFILL = 1 (ON)

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Cc l nh vv to h nh
4.13. L nh XLINE (Construction line)
Lnh v mt ng thng hoc mt chm ng thng giao nhau.
Lnh ny thng c s dng v cc ng ging, cc ng nm ngang hoc thng
ng. Trong php v mt chiu cng c th s dng lnh ny tm im v, nu kt hp
thm vi cc lnh Trim, Scale... c th to thnh cc cnh ca hnh chiu.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Construction line
Command line: XLine
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: chn mt im bt u v (hoc chn
H,V,A,B,O)
Specify through point: chn im th hai ca ng thng
Specify through point: chn im khc nu mun v chm ng thng i qua im 1
Cc la chn ca lnh XLine
Hor : to ng thng nm ngang. Sau la chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc truy bt im)
mt im m ng thng i qua.
Ver : To ng thng theo phng thng ng. Sau la chn ny ta ch vic nhp (hoc
truy bt im) mt im m ng thng i qua.
Ang : To ng thng xin theo mt gc no . Sau la chn ny AutoCAD yu cu ta
nhp vo
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: nhp gc nghing
Specify through point: chn mt im thuc ng thng
Bisect : to ng thng i qua phn gic ca mt gc (thng qua 3 im), la chn ny
AutoCAD yu cu ta nhp vo 03 im. im (1) thuc v tm ca gc, im (2) v (3)
thuc v hai cnh ca gc.
Command: XLine
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: B
Specify angle vertex point: bm chn nh ca gc
Specify angle start point: bm chn mt im thuc cnh th nht ca gc
Specify angle end point: bm chn mt im thuc cnh th hai ca gc
Offset : To mt ng thng song song vi mt ng thng c sn.
Command: XLine
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: O
Specify offset distance or [Through] <Through>: nhp khong cch hoc t

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Select a line object: chn i tng gc


Specify through point: chn mt im xc nh v tr ng thng s pht sinh

4.14. L nh RAY
Lnh v mt na ng thng.
Draw menu chn Ray
Command line: Ray
Lnh ny thc hin hon ton tng t nh lnh XLine nhng thay v v c ng thng
lnh Ray s ch v na ng thng xut pht t im nh ngha u tin.
Command: Ray
Specify start point: chn im u tin (im xut pht)
Specify through point: chn im th hai (im nh hng cho na ng
thng)
Specify through point: chn im khc (im nh hng cho na ng thng
mi i qua im (1)
Specify through point: kt thc lnh
4.15. L nh DONUT
Lnh v hnh vnh khn
Draw menu chn Donut
Command line: Donut
Specify inside diameter of donut <current>: Gi tr ng knh
trong
Specify outside diameter of donut <current>: Gi tr ng knh
ngoi
Specify center of doughnut: To tm(1)
Hnh vnh khuyn s c t mu bn trong nu gi tr ca lnh Fill
l ON v ngc li khi Fill l OFF.
V d:
Command: Donut
Inside diameter <0.5>: 12
Ouside diameter <1.0>: 16
Center of doughnut: 20.30
Dng lnh DONUT c th v hnh trn c, nu cho bn
knh vng trn trong (Inside diameter) bng 0 v Fill l On.

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4.16. L nh TRACE
Lnh v cc on thng c dy
Command line: Trace
Specify trace width <0.2000>:Nhp khong cch, hoc
vo gi tr, hoc
Specify start point: Tr im (1)
Specify next point: Tr im (2)
Specify next point: Tr im (3) hoc kt thc lnh

on thng c t khi lnh Fill c gi tr ON


Xem thm lnh PLine

4.17. L nh SOLID
Lnh v min c t c
Mi 2D Solid c m t bi 3 hoc 4 cnh. Vi cc hnh 3 cnh th cch nhp tng i
n gin ch vic bm chn 3 im lin tip khng thng hng ta s c mt ming tam
gic t c. Ring vi hnh Solid 4 cnh khi khai bo im phi ch th t im nhp
vo. Nu im (1) - (2) l m t cnh th nht th (3) - (4) l m t cnh i din nhng
5
phi c cng hng vi (1) - (2)
6
1

H nh 4.12 - V h nh 2D Solid.
Command line: Solid
SOLID Specify first point: bm chn im (1)
Specify second point: bm chn im (2)
Specify third point: bm chn im (3)
Specify fourth point or <exit>: bm chn im (4) hoc kt thc

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4.18. L nh MLINE
v on th ng song song
Lnh MLine (Multiple Line) c s dng v on thng song song, rt tin trong th
hin cc bn v quy hoch kin trc. Trong cc con ng lun cn th hin bi 2 nt
(mp phi v mp tri ng), khi cc trc ng giao nhau th cc nt th hin li khng
c php ct nhau (xem hnh 4.13). Nu ch s dng lnh Line ,Pline... th s mt rt
nhiu cng sc, trong khi nu dng lnh MLine th bi ton s tr nn kh n gin v
tin li.

H nh 4.13 - Bn quy hoch th nh ph.


Th t thc hin lnh MLine nh sau v ng gp khc hnh 4.14 nh sau:
T thanh cng c chn
T Draw menu chn Multiline
Command line: MLine
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD (cc tham
s mc nh hin c ca lnh MLine)
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: bm chn im (1)
Specify next point: bm chn im (2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: bm chn im (3)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: bm chn im (4)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: bm chn im (5)
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: kt thc knh

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1
4

H nh 4.14 - V hai ng g p khc song song nhau bng l nh MLine.


Khi thc hin lnh MLine nu mun thay i cc tham s mc nh ca lnh ny
[Justification/Scale/STyle] th sau khi nhp lnh, ti dng nhc
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: nhp J hoc S hoc ST
Justification :
La chn ny s dng nh v tr ng tm ca i tng MLine l tim ng
(Zero); nh (Top) hoc chn (Bottom). Nh minh ho trn hnh 4.12 th ng
MLine c v vi nh v TOP.
Scale :
S dng xc nh khong cch gia hai ng bin phi v bin tri ca i
tng MLine.
STyle :
Ta c th nh ngha trc mt s kiu ng cho lnh MLine, sau s dng la
chn ny i kiu cho lnh v hin ti. Sau khi chn ST ta c th nhp tn kiu
ng mun th hin hoc g ? hin danh sch.

4.19. L nh MLSTYLE
L nh to ki u cho v ng th ng song song(MLine)
T Format menu, chn Multiline Style...
Command line: Mlstyle
Lnh ny s dng nh ngha cc kiu th hin cho i tng MLine. Cc kiu nh
ngha ti y c th c lu tr trn File s dng cho cc bn v sau. Lnh ny lm
hin hp thoi hnh 4.15 di y

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H nh 4.15 - Hp thoi Multiline Styles.


Ti hp thoi ny ta c th khai bo cc kiu ng khc nhau cho i tng MLine sau
t tn (Name), ghi ln a cng (Save), ti t cc tp tin c (Load), hoc a vo
danh sch cc kiu s s dng cho bn v hin ti (Add).
Vic nh ngha cc phn t th hin ca i tng MLine c thc hin thng qua hp
thoi

(hnh 4.16)

H nh 4.16 - Hp thoi Element Properties.


Kiu mc nh ca MLine l ng thng song song 2 nt (tri v phi) tuy nhin thng
qua hp thoi ny ngi s dng c th khai bo thm cc nt ph khc nh ng tm,
ng ph tri v.v... bng cch bm chn phm
ri khai bo v tr ca nt thng qua
bin Offset (khi Offset=0.000 - ng mi khai bo l ng trc).

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4.20. L nh MLEDIT
L nh hi u ch nh i tng vMLine.
T thanh cng c chn
T Modify menu chn Multiline
Command line: Mledit
Lnh ny cho php hiu chnh i tng MLine. Cc i tng MLine sau khi th hin ra
bn v c th s ct qua nhau, u u vi nhau, vt ln trn (che) nhau... Lnh Mledit
chnh nhm mc ch th hin cc quan h ny. C 12 phng n hiu chnh chia thnh 4
nhm :
Giao ct (Crosses)
Ni ch T (Tee)
B gc (Corners)
Ct ngang (Cuts)
Cc la chn ny c th hin trn hp thoi
hnh 4.17

H nh 4.17 - Hp thoi Multiline Edit.


Sau khi cho hin hp thoi ny, hy chn mt trong cc phng n bng cch bm chn
vo phng n ri bm tip

. Khi AutoCAD s cho tr li vi dng lnh yu

cu chn i tng MLine (1) v MLine (2)...


V d ta v 2 ng MLine nh trn hnh 4.18a sau khi gi lnh Mledit chn

2
4.16a - i tng MLine gc

4.16b - K t qu hi u ch nh

H nh 4.18 - S d ng Mledit s a i tng MLine.

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sau khi bm chn ng Mline 1 v ng Mline 2 theo th t nh th hin trn hnh ta s


c kt qu nh trnh by hnh 4.18b.
4.21. L nh REGION
Lnh to mt min t cc hnh ghp
Lnh ny dng chuyn i mt i tng (dng hnh kn) hoc mt nhm i tng
thnh mt i tng duy nht - gi l mt min (Region). Mi min c th c to ra t
mt s i tng n gin. Tuy nhin nu to mt Region t cc cc ng (Line, Arc...)
th cc i tng ny phi to thnh mt vng kn.
Sau lnh Region c bn hnh dng th hin ca cc i tng trn bn v l khng thay
i, tuy nhin tnh cht i tng ho thay i. V d mt hnh t gic ng kn
c to bi lnh Line s gm 04 i tng Line, sau khi c Region s tr thnh 01 i
tng duy nht. Mt vng trn v bng lnh Circle nu cha Region th c th d dng
thay i bn knh thng qua cc tay cm, nu Region th s tr thnh 01 min trn.
T thanh cng c chn
T Draw menu chn Region...
Command line: Region
Sau AutoCAD s yu cu chn i tng cn Region (Select objects:). Khi chn
xong bm Hy bm kt thc lnh.
4.22. L nh UNION
Cng cc vng Region
T thanh cng c chn
T Modify menu chn Solids editings - Union...
Command line: Union
Lnh ny cho php hp nht cc vng Region ( nh ngha) nu cc vng c giao nhau
th phn nt nm trong vng giao nhau s c loi b.

a) Trc khi Union

b) Sau khi Union

H nh 4.19 - S d ng l nh Union to h nh hoa vn t cc vng Region.

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thc hin c hnh v hoa vn nh th hin trn hnh 4.17 trn y. Th t cc bc


thc hin nh sau:
V cc hnh ch nht, trn v elip bng cc lnh v thng thng;
Gi lnh Region to ra 5 i tng Region (hnh ch nht + 02 hnh trn + 02
hnh elip);
Gi lnh Union - nh du ton b 5 i tng Region to c hnh hoa vn
4.23. L nh SUBTRACT
Tr cc vng Region
T thanh cng c chn
T Modify menu chn Solids editings - Subtract...
Command line: Subtract
Lnh ny loi b phn giao nhao ca cc min Region. Min (region) c chn trc
c hiu l min c s (min s cn li mt phn sau lnh Subtract), cc min chn sau
c hiu l cc min iu kin loi b.

a) Trc khi Subtract

b) Sau khi Subtract chn


chn h nh ch nh t trc

c) Sau khi Subtract


chn cc h nh tr n, elip trc

H nh 4.20 - S d ng l nh Subtract to h nh hoa vn t cc vng Region.


Command: subtract
Select solids and regions to subtract from ..
Select objects: chn min c s
Select objects: kt thc
Select solids and regions to subtract ..
Select objects: chn min iu kin
Select objects: kt thc
4.24. L nh INTERSECT
Ly giao ca cc vng Region
T thanh cng c chn
T Modify menu chn Solids editings - Intersect...

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Command line: Intersect


Cch thc hin lnh ny tng t nh vi lnh Subtract nh kt qu th ch nhng vng
giao nhau ca cc Region mi c gi li (hnh 4.21)

a) Trc khi Intersect

b) Sau khi Intersect

H nh 4.21 - S d ng l nh Intersect.
4.25. L nh BOUNDARY
Lnh Boundary to nn mt i tng Pline (hoc Region) c dng mt ng bao kn.
Cc i tng gc khng b mt i.
T Draw menu chn Boundary
Command line: Boundary
Thy xut hin hp thoi hnh 4.22

H nh 4.22 - Hp thoi Boundary Creation.

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ri bm vo mt im bn trong vng ng kn (hnh 4.23). Kt thc

lnh ny mt i tng Pline c to thnh, s dng lnh MOVE ri di PLine ra


bn cnh ta c th hin nh trn hnh 4.23.

Pick point

H nh 4.21 - Minh ho s d ng l nh Boundary.

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Cc lnh Ghi v
hiu chnh kch thc
5.1. Khi ni m
5.1.1.

Cc thnh phn ca kch thc

Ghi kch thc l mt phn khng th thiu trong mi bn v k thut. Tu thuc cc tiu
chun ngnh, tiu chun quc gia cch th hin ng ghi kch thc c th cng c cc
khc bit. Chng ny ch yu trnh by cc lnh lin qua n vic ghi, hiu chnh v nh
ngha li cc bin ghi kch thc cho ph hp vi tng yu cu c th. Cc thnh phn ch
yu nht th hin mt ng ghi kch thc c m t trong hnh 5.1 di y.

200

ng nh t m
(Center Line)

300

u mi tn
(Arrowheads)

ng k ch thc
(Dimension line)

ng ging
(Extension lines)
ch s ghi k ch thc
(Dimension text)

H nh 5.1 - Cc th nh ph n s li u ca ng k ch thc.
Nu t kch thc l "enabled" th tt c cc thnh phn ca kch thc s c coi nh l
mt i tng duy nht (kch thc lin kt). Nu khng, mi thnh phn ca kch thc
s l mt i tng ring bit, iu ny thun tin hn trong vic hiu chnh kch thc.
C th dng lnh Explode phn kch thc lin kt ra thnh cc i tng ring bit.
5.1.2.

Bin kch thc (Dimension Variables) v kiu kch thc (Dimension Style)

iu khin cc thnh phn ca kch thc, AutoCAD dng cc bin kch thc. Mi
bin kch thc nhn mt gi tr nht nh v c th thay i c. Bin kch thc c th
nhn cc kiu gi tr logic (ON/OFF), khong cch, h s t l, s nguyn hay l mt dng
chui k t (String).

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Mt tp hp cc bin kch thc vi cc gi tr nht nh s to nn mt kiu kch thc.


AutoCAD cho php ngi dng to v lu tr cc kiu kch thc trong bn v. Khi gi
mt kiu kch thc no lm hin hnh th cc kch thc sau s c v vi gi tr
cc bin kch thc thuc kiu . Nu thay i gi tr cc bin kch thc ca mt kiu
nh ngha, th cc kch thc c v theo kiu ny cng c cp nht cc gi tr mi.
Ngoi tr bin Dimaso v Dimsho, AutoCAD lu tr gi tr tt c cc bin kch thc
trong kiu kch thc. Bng sau gii thiu v cc bin kch thc thng dng.
Gn gi tr cho bin kch thc v to kiu kch thc
gn gi tr cho bin kch thc, hy nhp tn bin vo dng nhc
Dim: trong mode ghi kch thc, theo c php sau:
Dim: tn bin kch thc
Current value <gi tr hin thi> New value: (vo gi tr mi)
C th nhp vo y gi tr mi cho bin hay duy tr gi tr hin hnh.
Gi tr ca bin kch thc c lu tr cng vi bn v cho n khi n c gn gi tr
khc. C th lu tr gi tr ca bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc. Trong mt kiu kch
thc, mi bin c mt gi tr xc nh v c th thay i c. Cng nh bin kch thc,
kiu kch thc c th lu tr cng vi bn v v ti mt thi im c mt kiu kch thc
l hin hnh, do nn to trc mt s kiu kch thc theo mun ngi dng trong
bn v nguyn sinh.

5.1.3.

Cc im nh ngha (Definition point)

Cc im nh ngha l cc chm trn mn hnh, xut hin ti v tr dng to mt kch


thc lin kt. Nu mt kch thc hin th th cc chm cng hin th theo (ngay c khi
lp cha chm - Depoints - ch tt - OFF), nhng khi in ra s khng c cc im
ny. Mun in cc chm ny phi i tn lp Depoints thnh tn khc.
5.1.4.

To kiu kch thc

Khi m mt bn v mi, AutoCAD t ng to mt kiu kch thc c tn l Unnamed.


c th ghi kch thc ng theo mun (ty thuc vo tiu chun k thut), ngi
dng phi to ra cc kiu ghi kch thc.

5.2. L nh DIMLINEAR
Lnh ghi kch thc theo on thng
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Linear
Command line: Dimlinear

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Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Tr im th nht ca


ng ging
Specify second extension line origin: Tr im th hai ca ng ging
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]:
chn v tr ghi ng kch thc
Object Selection - Automatic Extension Lines
Nu bn nhn phm Enter chn mt i tng, AutoCAD t ng xc nh ng kch
thc thng qua i tng m bn chn.

Sau khi AutoCAD xc inh c ng kch thc bn c th thay i mt s thuc tnh


ca ng kch thc
Dimension line location (Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated):To im(3)
hoc chn mt thuc tnh
Mtext
Sa i cc dng ghi ch ca ng kch thc thng qua hp thoi MText (xem thm lnh
MText). Vi chc nhp ny ta cn c th ghi c ra mn hnh cc k t c bit nh , ,
, ... thng qua la chn Symbol.
Text Sa i dng ghi ch ca ng kch thc.

Angle Thay i gc ca dng ghi ch so vi ng kch thc


Enter text angle: Gi tr gc

Horizontal

Vertical

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Ghi kch thc theo chiu ngang

Ghi kch thc theo chiu dc

Rotated
Quay ng kch thc
Dimension line angle <current>: Nhp gi tr gc quay

5.2.1. L nh DIMALIGNED
Lnh v ng kch thc thng
To ra ng kch thc t ng nh hng mt cch ph hp vi i tng
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Aligned
Command line: dimaligned
First extension line origin or ENTER to select: chn mt im hoc Enter
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: chn im (1)
Specify second extension line origin: chn im (2)
Specify dimension line location or Select object to dimension: chn v tr t ng
kch thc.
Vi lnh Dimaligned ng ghi kch thc s song song vi on thng ni hai im gc
ca ng ging.

Lnh Dimaligned.

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

5.3. L nh DIMRADIUS
Lnh nh cc kch thc bn knh cho ng trn v cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Radius
Command line: dimradius
Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn hoc cung trn

5.4. L nh DIMCENTER
Lnh to ra du tm hoc ng thng tm ca ng trn v cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Center Mark
Command line: dimcenter
Select arc or circle: Chn mt i tng

5.5. L nh DIMDIAMETER
Lnh nh cc kch thc ng knh cho ng trn v cung trn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Diameter
Command line: dimdiameter
Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn hoc cung trn

5.6. L nh DIMANGULAR
Lnh nh cc kch thc gc
Ti thanh cng c, chn

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T Dimension menu, chn Angular


Command line: dimangular
Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: bm mt im trn 1 cnh ca gc
Select second line: bm mt im trn cnh th hai ca gc
Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: bm chn v tr t
ng ghi kch thc gc
Arc Selection

Circle Selection

5.7. L nh DIMORDINATE
Ghi kch thc theo to im
Ghi kch thc tung (hay honh ) ca mt im c trng dc theo mt ng dn
n.
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Ordinate
Command line: dimordinate
Specify feature location: chn im c trng
Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]:
im cui ca ng dn hay X xc nh honh v Y xc
nh tung .
Dimension text <ta X hay Y c o>: ch s kch thc.
Nu vo im cui ca ng dn, AutoCAD s o khong cch t
im ny ti im c trng quyt nh l khong cch tung
hay honh (ty thuc gi tr theo phng X hay Y ln hn).

5.8. L nh DIMBASELINE
Lnh v mt lot cc ng kch thc thng qua ng ging c s ca ng kch
thc chn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Baseline

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115

Command line: Dimbaseline


Specify a second extension line origin or (Undo/<Select>):

Select
AutoCAD yu cu bn chn mt ng kch thc
lm ng ging c s (ng ging chung).
Select base dimension: Chn ng kch thc c
s
Sau khi chn ng kch thc c s, AutoCAD yu cu ch v tr ng ging th hai ca
ng kch thc mi. ng ging th nht ca cc ng kch thc mi c to s
chung vi ng ging c s.

Specify a second extension line origin


AutoCAD yu cu ch v tr ng ging th hai ghi tip vi
ng ging th nht l ng ging chung da vo ng kch
thc ban u

5.9. L nh DIMCONTINUE
Lnh ghi kch thc nhiu on chia k tip nhau

Ti thanh cng c, chn


T Dimension menu, chn Continue
Command line: Dimcontinue

V d:
ghi ng kch thc tip theo bn chn ng ging ca ng kch thc trc .

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5.10. L nh LEADER
Ghi kch thc theo ng dn
T Dimension menu, chn Leader
Command line: Leader
Lnh ny cho php ghi ch theo ng dn. Nu tr s bin DIMASSOC=ON th im bt
u ca Leader s lin kt vi i tng c ghi ch. Khi ta hiu chnh bn v, di di hoc
dch chuyn i tng m t th im gc Leader cng c t ng di di theo (dng ghi
ch vn nguyn v tr c).
(2) C a lc D150
(1)

Command line: Leader


Specify first leader point, or [Settings] <Settings>: bm chn im 1
Specify next point: bm chn im 2
Specify next point: nhp im (3) hoc
Specify text width <0.0000>: nhp rng ch th hin hoc
Enter first line of annotation text <Mtext>: Nhp dng ghi ch th nht
Enter next line of annotation text: nhp dng ghi ch th 2
C th s dng hp thoi Leader Settings thay i cc tham s th hin cho i tng
Leader bng cch :
Command line: Leader
Specify first leader point, or [Settings] <Settings>: S
S thy xut hin hp thoi Leader Settings hnh 5.2

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H nh 5.2 - Hp thoi Leader Settings.


Trang Annotation (hnh 5.2)
Annotation type : nh dng cho dng ghi ch
o MText : dng ghi ch l on vn bn
o Copy an object : cho php c th sao chp on vn bn
o Tolerance : chn kiu ghi dung sai
o Block reference : cho php chn mt BLock vo ng dn
o None : to ng dn khng c dng ch thch.
MText Options : ch nh la chn on vn vn
o Prompt for width : c xut hin dng nhc nhp chiu rng on vn bn
o Always left justify : on vn bn lun c cn l tri
o Frame text : to khung bao quanh on vn bn.
Annotation Reuse : gn cc la chn s dng li cho dng ch thch.
o None : khng s dng li
o Reuse next : s dng li cho ln ghi ng dn tip theo
o Reuse current : s dng cho dng ch thch hin ti.
Trang Leader Line & Arrow (hnh 5.3)
Leader Line : dn ng dn
o Straight : to phn on ni cc im ca ng dn l on thng
o SPline : to phn on ni cc im ca ng dn l ng SPline

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H nh 5.3 - Hp thoi Leader Settings (trang Leader line & Arrow).


Arowhead : cho php chn kiu mi tn u ng dn.
Number of Points : s lng cc im trn ng dn (im m t ng dn). nu
chn No Limit th lnh s c t ng kt thc ky bm Enter hai ln lin tip.
Angle Constrains : gn gc rng buc gia cc phn on m t ng dn th
nht vi ng dn th hai.

H nh 5.4 - Hp thoi Leader Settings (trang Attachment).

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Trang Attachment (hnh 5.4) : nh kiu lin kt cho ng dn v dng ghi ch.
Top of top line : lin kt ng dn ti nh ca dng Text
Middle of top line : lin kt ng dn ti im gia ca dng nh Text
Middle of multi-line text : lin kt ng dn ti im gia ca c on Text
Middle of bottom line : lin kt ng dn ti im gia ca cnh y dng Text
Bottom of bottom line : lin kt ng dn ti pha trn ca dng nh on Text
Underline bottom line : c gch chn on Text.

5.11. L nh TOLERANCE
Lnh ghi dung sai
Khi th hin kch thc dung sai thng thng c cc thnh phn s liu sau nh trn hnh
5.5. di y.
K hi u dung sai
Tr s dung sai
Chu n

//

0.012

H nh 5.5 - Cc th nh ph n th hi n ca k ch thc dung sai.

Ti thanh cng c, chn


T Dimension menu, chn Tolerance
Command line: Tolerance
Cc kch thc dung sai c ghi thng qua hi thoi Geometric Tolerance (hnh 5.6)

H nh 5.6 - Hp thoi ghi k ch thc dung sai.

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Khi bm chn Sym s thy xut hin tip mt hp thoi


Symbol (hnh bn), trn cho php ta chn biu tng
ca lnh ghi dung sai. Tu thuc vo bn v c th, cc
tiu chun ngnh, quc gia ta c th chn ra cc biu
tng ghi c th cho bn v hin trng.
5.12. L nh DIMTEDIT
Sa i v tr v gc dng ghi ch ca ng kch thc
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Align Text
Command line: Dimtedit
Select dimension: chn ng kch thc cn hiu chnh

AutoCAD hin dng nhc:


Specify new location for dimension text or [Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]: dng chut
di tr s kch thc n v tr mi hoc bm chn L, R, C, H, A
Left

Right

Dch chuyn dng ghi ch sang bn tri


phi

Dch chuyn dng ghi ch sang bn

Home

Angle

Chuyn dng ghi ch v v tr ngm nh

Thay i gc ca dng ghi ch


Text angle : Gi tr gc

5.13. L nh DIMSTYLE
To v sa i kiu ng kch thc trn ca s lnh
T Dimension menu, chn Style
Command line: Dimstyle

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S thy hin hp thoi hnh 5.7

H nh 5.7 - Hp thoi Dimension Style.


T hp thoi ny ta c th thay i kiu ghi kch thc hin hnh [chn kiu (Style) khc
ri bm Set Current]; hiu chnh cc bin ghi kch thc [Modify]; to mt kiu bin kch
thc mi [New] ...
Styles : Lit k danh sch cc kiu kch thc c trong bn v
List : phng n lit k
o All styles : ton b
o Styles in use : ch lit k cc kiu ang s dng trong bn v
Set current : gn mt kiu bin kch thc ang chn lm kiu hin hnh.
New...: To kiu bin kch thc mi
Modify...: hiu chnh kiu kch thc hin c
Override...: cho php gn chng cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc hin
hnh (thng qua hp thoi).
Compare...: cho php so snh gi tr cc bin gia hai kiu kch thc (thng qua
hp thoi).
Khi nh to nn mt kiu bin kch
thc mi bm chn phm New - khai
bo tn kiu bin kch thc mi ri
bm phm Continue, s thy xut hin
hp thoi hnh 5.8. T y ta c th hiu

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chnh hu ht cc tham s m t ng ghi kch thc (kiu mi tn, mu sc, dy nt


v, kiu ch, font ch, cch th hin ng nt, hng ghi ch v.v...) kiu mi nh ngha
ny s c cng thm vo danh mc kiu ghi kch thc (Style) v sau ngi s dng
c th la chn th hin ra mn hnh tu thuc yu cu tng chi tit.

H nh 5.8 - To ki u ghi k ch thc mi (trang Line and Arrows).


Trang Line and Arrows (hnh 5.8):
Dimenssion lines : nhn cc gi tr lin quan n gn kch thc.
o Color : chn mu ca gn kch thc
o Lineweight : chiu rng nt v cho ng kch thc
o Extension beyond ticks: khong nh ra khi ng ging ca ng kch
thc
o Baseline spacing : khong cch gia cc ng kch thc trong chui kch
thc song song
o Suppress : b qua phn mi tn (tri v phi) ghi trn ng kch thc.
Extension lines (ng ging)
o Color : mu ca ng ging
o Lineweight : chiu rng nt v

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o Extension beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch


thc
o Offset from origin : khong cch t i tng ghi kch thc n u ng
ging.
o Suppress : b qua ng ging th nht hoc th hai.
Arrowheads (mi tn)
o 1st : mi tn cho u kch thc th nht
o 2nd : mi tn cho u kch thc th hai
o Leader : mi tn cho ng dn dng ch thch
o Arrow size : kch thc mi tn
Center Marks for circles : xc nh du tm v ng tm (vng trn, cung trn)

H nh 5.9 - To ki u ghi k ch thc mi (trang Text).


Trang Text (hnh 5.9):
Text Appearance : nh dng kiu xut hin ca ch
o Text style : kiu ch
o Text color : mu ch
o Text height : chiu cao ch

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o Fraction height scale : t l iu chnh chiu cao ch


o Draw frame around text : vin khung cho ch
Text Placement : iu khin v tr xut hin ch
o Vertical : gn kiu th hin khi ch nm theo phng thng ng
o Horizontal : gn kiu th hin khi ch nm theo phng nm ngang
o Offset from dimension line : khong cch gia k t v ng kch thc.
Text alignment : nh hng cho ch s ghi kch thc
o Horizontal : ch ghi kch thc nm ngang
o Alignment with dimension line : ch song song vi ng kch thc
o ISO Standard : ch s ghi kch thc song song vi ng kch thc khi
bn trong hai ng ging v nmg ngang khi b ngoi ca hai ng
ging

H nh 5.10 - To ki u ghi k ch thc mi (trang Fit).


Trang Fit (hnh 5.10)
Fit Options : chn kiu in k t vo bn trong hay bn ngoi ng ging
o Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best : y l kiu in linh
hot.

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+ khi khong cch gia hai ng ging ch th c mi tn v v ch s


nm lt bn trong ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cha ch th s ch c ch nm bn trong cn mi tn th
hin bn ngoi ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging, ch
nm ngoi ;
+ Khi khong cch gia hai ng l qu nh khng ch cho thm ch
ch 2 mi tn, th c mi tn v phn ch s s cng nm ngoaid ng
ging.
o Arrows : ch s v mi tn s c sp xp theo th t sau
+ khi khong cch gia hai ng ging ch th c mi tn v v ch s
nm lt bn trong ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s nm trong hai ng ging cn
ch s s nm ngoi;
+ Khi khng ch cho mi tn th mi tn v ch s s cng nm ngoi.
o Text : ch s v mi tn s c sp xp theo th t sau
+ Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s th c hai s cng nm bn trong hai
ng ging ;
+ Khi ch ch cho ch th ch nm trong, mi tn nm ngoi ;
+ Khi khng ch cho ch th c mi tn v ch cng nm ngoi
o Both text and Arrows : Khi khng ch th c hai s cng nm ngoi
o Always keep text between ext lines : ch s lun lun nm bn ngoi hai
ng ging.
o Suppress arrows if they dont's fit inside extension lines : s khng xut
hin mi tn nu khng ch.
Text placement : Gn v tr ghi ch s nu chng b di chuyn khi v tr mc nh
o Bestside the dimension line : xp ch s ghi kch thc bn cnh ng
kch thc ;
o Over the dimension line, with a leader : c mt ng dn ni gia ch s
v ng kch thc ;
o Over the dimension line, without a leader : khng v ng dn ni gia
ch s v ng kch thc;
Scale for dimension features : gn t l kch thc cho ton b bn v hoc t l
khng gian giy v ;
o Use overall scale of : gn t l cho to b cc bin ca kiu kch thc. Vi
cch chn ny nu ta tng t l th mi thnh phn ca ng ghi kch thc
cng thay i theo;

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o Scale dimension to layout (paper space) : h s t l da trn t l khung


nhn hin hnh.
Fine tuning : la chn thm (tinh chnh)
o Place text manually when dimensioning : b qua tt c cc thit lp ch s,
kch thc theo phng nm ngang;
o Always draw dim line between ext lines : ng kch thc nht thit phi
v ngay c khi ch s nm ngoi hai ng ging;
Trang Primary units (hnh 5.11)
Linear dimensions : gn dng v n v cho kch thc di
o Unit format : nh dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc (ngoi tr
kch thc gc);
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn sau du phy

H nh 5.11 - To ki u ghi k ch thc mi (trang Primary units).


o Fraction format : nh dng cho phn s

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127

o Decimal separator : nh dng du phy ng (v d Pi= 3.14159265 c th


nh dng li l Pi=3,14159265)
o Round off : nh ngha quy tc lm trn. V d nu ta nhp 0.25 th tt c
cc kch thc s c lm trn n 0.25.
o Prefix : tin t v d ng knh vng trn = 250 thng c ghi l 25
vy y c hiu l tin t ca ch s ghi kch thc.
o Suffix : hu t - l ch s thm vo ng sau mi tr s kch thc ;
o Measurement scale : xc nh t l o
+ Scale factor : h s t l chiu di cho cc loi kch thc (tr kch thc
gc). V d nu ta nhp 2 th AutoCAD s hin th 1mm v tng ng 2
mm khi ghi kch thc.
o + Apply to layout dimensions only : ch p dng t l ny cho cc kch
thc to trn Layout.
o Zero suppression : iu khin vic hin th cc s 0 v ngha
+ Leading : b qua cc s 0 v ngha trc ch s ghi kch thc. V d
0.2500 s ch cn .2500 ;
+ Trailing : b qua cc s 0 v ngha trong phn thp phn. V d 15.2500
s ch cn 15.25 ;
+ 0 Feet : b qua cc s 0 c ngha ca cc ch s ghi kch thc c tr s
nh hn 1 foot.
+ 0 Inches : b qua phn gi tr Inch ca ch s c ngha nu khong cch l
s nguyn ca feet.
Angular dimensions : hin th v gn dng hin hnh cho n v gc
o Units format : nh dng n v cho gc;
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn c ngha cho n v gc.
o Zero suppression : b qua cc s 0.

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H nh 5.12 - To ki u ghi k ch thc mi (trang Alternate Units).


Trang Alternate Units (hnh 5.12) gn cc n v lin kt, dng v chnh xc cho on
v chiu di, gc.
Display Alternate units : thm n v o lin kt vo ch s kch thc .
o Unit format : nh dng n v lin kt cho tt c cc loi kch thc
(ngoi tr kch thc gc);
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn sau du phy ;
o Multiplier for Altenate units : ch nh h s chuyn i gia n v kch
thc chnh v kch thc lin kt.
o Round distances to : nh ngha quy tc lm trn ;
o Prefix : khai bo tin t
o Surfix : khai bo hu t
Zero suppression : kim tra vic loi b s 0 v ngha ;
Placement : nh v tr t kch thc lin kt
o After primary units : t kch thc lin kt sau ch s kch thc chnh ;
o Below primary units : t kch thc lin kt trc ch s kch thc chnh.

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129

H nh 5.13 - To ki u ghi k ch thc mi (trang Tolerance).


Trang Tolerance (hnh 5.13) : nh dng hin th cc ch s dung sai
Tolerance format : iu khin nh dng ch s dung sai
o Method : phng php tnh dung sai kch thc
+ None : khng thm vo sau ch s kch thc sai lch gii hn tr s dung
sai ;
+ Symmetrical : du xut hin trc cc gi tr sai lch gii hn ;
+ Deviation : cc sai lch m (Lower value) v dng (Upper value) c gi
tr khc nhau ;
+ Limits : to cc kch thc gii hn l nht v nh nht ;
+ Basic : to khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
o Precision : hin th s ch s thp phn sau du phy ;
o Upper value : gii hn sai lnh trn;
o Lower value : gii hn sai lnh di;
o Scale for height : t s chiu cao ch v ch s dung sai kch thc ;
o Vertical position : nh dng im cn l theo phng thng ng.
o Zero suppression : kim tra vic loi b s 0 v ngha ;

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Alternate unit tolerance : gn chnh xc v quy tc loi b s 0 i vi cc n


v dung sai lin kt.
o Precision : hin th chnh xc;
o Zero suppression : kim tra vic loi b s 0 v ngha ;
5.14. L nh DIMEDIT
Lnh sa thuc tnh ng kch thc
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Dimension menu, chn Oblique
Command line: Dimedit
Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/Rotate/Oblique] <Home>: Chn mt
thuc tnh
Home
Di chuyn v tr ca dng ghi ch ng kch thc
Select objects: Chn mt ng kch thc

New
Thay i ni dung dng ghi ch ng kch thc

Rotate
Thay i gc ca dng ghi ch so vi ng kch thc
Enter text angle: Nhp gi tr gc quay
Select objects: Chn i tng ng kch thc

Oblique
To ng kch thc xin
Select objects: Chn ng kch thc
Enter obliquing angle (RETURN for none): Nhp
gi tr gc xin

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Cc lnh hiu chnh,


cc lnh lm vic vi khi
Cc l nh hi u ch nh
6.1.

L nh SELECT

Lnh la chn i tng trong bn v


Khi nhn mt lnh hiu chnh hay kho st, AutoCAD s yu cu chn i tng (Select
object) cn hiu chnh.
Command line: select
Select objects: Chn cc i tng
ng thi ti v tr con tr s xut hin chn (object selection target). Khi mt i tng
c chn, n s m i hay i mu - iu ny gip ngi v d dng nhn thy i tng
no c chn.
chn i tng, c th tr li cho mi dng nhc Select object bng mt trong cc ty
chn sau:
Mt im (mc nh): Nu cho ta mt im, AutoCAD s d ngay trn bn v xem
i tng no i qua im ny, nu c, i tng s c chn. Nu khng c i tng
no th s xut hin dng nhc Other corner yu cu ta nhp gc khc ca ca s ch nht
c th chn i tng theo kiu Window hoc Crossing. Khng nn vo mt im l
giao im ca hai hay nhiu i tng v nh th s khng xc nh chnh xc i tng
no c chn.
Bng 6.1 - L nh Select
Auto
C th chn tng i tng bng cch a chn ch vo i
tng (sao cho i tng cn chn phi nm trong hoc ct qua
chn ri nhy chut (hoc ). Nu chn khng xc nh
c i tng no ( chn nm vng trng trn mn hnh) th
im s tr thnh nh th nht cho ty chn Box trn v
khi ta phi vo nh th hai). y l ty chn mt nh mi
khi xut hin dng nhc Select object.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Add
Dng tt Remove, quay tr v Select object
ALL
Chn tt c cc i tng c trn bn v.
BOX
AutoCAD s yu cu xc nh hai gc ca ca s nh ty chn
Window hay Crossing. Nu nh th hai c chn nm bn
phi so vi nh th nht th Box tng t nh Window, trong
trng hp ngc li th Box tng t nh Crossing.
Crossing
Ging nh ty chn Window nhng ngoi ra cn chn cc i
tng b ng bao ca s ct qua.
Cpolygon
Tng t ty chn WP nhng s chn cc i tng nm hon
ton trong a gic v cc i tng b ng bao ca a gic ct
qua.
Fence
Hng ro. Ty chn ny tng t nh CP nhng s xc nh mt
ng bao khng khp kn v AutoCAD s chn cc i tng
b ng bao ny ct qua.
Group
La chn theo nhm i tng.
Select objects: group
Enter group name: Nhp tn nhm
Last
Chn i tng c v sau cng trn bn v.
Multiple
AutoCAD cho php ln lt nhiu i tng bng cch lp i
lp li dng nhc Select object. Ch sau khi tr li bng Null (
) th AutoCAD mi bt u cng tc d tm trn bn v.
Previous
Ly cc i tng c chn (nu c) ca ln chn i tng
gn ln ny nht.
Remove
i sang mode "Remove" - loi i tng khi danh sch chn
tm thi. Sau khi b loi cc i tng ny li c mu nh c.
Trong mode m AutoCAD s dng dng nhc Remove object
thay cho dng nhc select object.

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133

thay cho dng nhc select object.


Single
Ty chn ny ch cho php c chn mt ln (bng cc ty
chn trn). i tng c chn s c a ngay vo danh
sch chnh thc v kt thc vic chn i tng, lnh hiu chnh
(hoc kho st) s c thi hnh ngay sau .
Undo
Hy b mt hay nhiu ln chn la sai va thc hin trc ,
mi ln U b mt thao tc chn.
Window
Ty chn ny cho php chn la tt c cc i tng nm hon
ton trong ca s hinh ch nht do ngi v ch ra. AutoCAD
s nhc tip theo:
First corner: (im trn, tri ca ca s)
Second corner: (im di, phi ca ca s)
Wpolygon
Tng t nh ty chn Window, WP cho php chn cc i
tng nm hon ton trong mt vng gii hn bi mt a gic
kn xc nh. Khi AutoCAD s yu cu nhp vo cc nh
ca a gic.
First polygon point: (vo nh th nht ca a gic)
Undo/<End point of line>: (vo nh tip theo hoc U)
AutoCAD s lp li dng nhc Undo/<End point of line> cho
php xc nh cc nh tip theo ca a gic. Trn mn hnh s
xut hin nhng dy bng (rubber) ni cc im vo v ch ra
a gic dng chn la. Dng U (Undo) khi mun b mt
nh xc nh sai trc v (hoc nhy nt phi chut) khi
xc nh xong a gic. Lu rng cc cnh ca a gic
khng c ct nhau.
Null: (hoc )
Bo cho AutoCAD vic chn la i tng xong v sau
cc i tng c chn la s c a vo danh sch chnh
thc, chu tc dng ca cc lnh kho st v hiu chnh.
6.2.

L nh CHANGE

Lnh thay i thuc tnh ca i tng


Lnh Change cho php thay i cc tnh cht hoc cc thng s v tr ca cc i tng
c chn.

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C php:
Command line: Change
Select object: Chn i tng cn thay i tnh cht
...
Specify change point or [Properties]: (tnh cht/<im thay i>)
Change point
Thay i thng s v tr ca i tng
Nu tr li dng nhc
Specify change point or [Properties]: bng mt im (P) th AutoCAD coi l
im thay i thng s v tr i vi cc i tng c chn.
Tc dng ca lnh ty thuc vo loi i tng:
Line: u no ca line gn P s di ti v tr P. Nu chn la nhiu ng thng,
cc ng thng ny s quy t ti P.
Circle: Bn knh ng trn s thay i sao cho trn i qua P.
Text: P tr thnh im t mi ca text line. Nu tr li thay v P th AutoCAD
s cho php thay i kiu ch, chiu cao ch, gc quay, ni dung dng ch bng
cc dng nhc tng ng.
Attribute: cho php thay i cc tnh cht ca Attribute nh l vi text. Ngoi ra
cn thay i c tag, prompt v gi tr mc nh ca Attribute.
block: P tr thnh im chn mi ca Block. Nu tr li thay v P, AutoCAD cho
php thay i gc quay ca Block.
Properties
Thay i tnh cht ca i tng
Khi dng ty chn ny, AutoCAD s c dng nhc:
Enter property to change [Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/ltScale/LWeight/Thickness]:
C (Color): t mu mi cho cc i tng c chn. Dng nhc tip theo cc
AutoCAD l:
New color <mu hin thi>: Nhp vo mu mi (bng tn hoc s ch th mu) hoc nu
chp nhn mu hin thi.
E (Elev): Thit lp cao (gi tr ta Z ca i tng 2D) mi cho cc i tng
c chn. Dng nhc tip theo l:
New elev <gi tr hin thi>: vo gi tr cao mi hoc chp nhn
gi tr hin thi.
La (Layer): thay i lp cho cc i tng c chn (C th v lp xem chng
VI). AutoACD s yu cu vo tn lp mi bng dng nhc:

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135

New layer <lp hin thi>


2LT (LType): Thit lp kiu ng nt mi cho cc i tng chn (C th v
kiu ng nt xem chng VI). Dng nhc tip theo ca AutoCAD l:
New line type <kiu hin thi>: vo kiu mi hoc chp nhn gi tr
hin thi.
T (Thichness): Thay i b rng nt v cho cc i tng c chn (ch vi cc
i tng c nh ngha b rng nt v). Dng nhc tip theo ca AutoCAD l:
New Thichness <gi tr hin thi>: vo gi tr b rng ng nt mi hay
chp nhn gi tr hin thi.
Dng nhc change what property (Color/Elev/Layer/Ltype/ Thichness)? s c lp li
sau khi kt thc mt ty chn cho php thay i nhiu tnh cht. Khi thay i cc tnh
cht cn thit, hy tr li Null ( ) cho dng nhc trn kt thc lnh v lc kt qu
thay i c th hin trn mn hnh.

6.3.

L nh DDGRIPS (OPTIONS)

Lnh iu khin Grip thng qua hp hi thoi


Lnh ddgrips dng cho php mode grip hot ng hay khng v thay i mu sc,
kch thc ca grip thng qua hp thoi.
T Tools menu, chn Options...
Command line: ddgrips (hoc Options)
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 6.1
Select Settings
Enable grips: cho php hay khng cho php mode Grip.
Enable Grip Within Block: cho php hay khng cho php Grip bn trong Block.
Grip color: Mu sc cho Grip c chn (Selected) v grip khng c chn (unselected).

Grip size: t kch thc grip.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

H nh 6.1 - H P THOI Options (trang Selection).

H nh 6.2 - Minh ho khi d li u c v khng c ch Grips.


6.4.

L nh BLIPMODE

Hin/n du (+) khi ch im v


Ti dng lnh, nhp blipmode
Tu chn
Command: blipmode
ON/OFF <OFF>: Nhp ON hoc OF, hoc

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ON
Hin du + khi ch im v trn mn hnh
OFF
n du + khi ch im v trn mn hnh

6.5.

L nh GROUP
t tn cho mt nhm i tng c chn la
Ti dng lnh, nhp group
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Object Grouping

H nh 6.3 - Nhm i tng.


Group Name
Hin th danh sch tn ca cc nhm hin c.
Selectable
+ yes : chn mt nhm bn ch vic chn mt i tng trong nhm
+ no : Ch thc hin la chn vi cc i tng c chn
Group Identification
Group Name
Hin th tn ca nhm c la chn.

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Description
Hin th din t ca nhm c la chn.
Find Name
Cho bit tn nhm ca i tng c chn trong bn v
Pick a member of a group : chn mt i tng
Sau khi chn i tng AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi gm danh sch tn nhm
cha i tng c chn.
Highlight
Cho bit nhng i tng cng mt nhm trn bn v.
Include Unnamed
nh r c nhng nhm cha t tn.
Create Group
New
To mt nhm gm cc i tng c la chn. Tn nhm
c t ti Group Name, din gii nhm t ti
Description.
Selectable
Ch r ni nhm mi c la chn
Unnamed
n tn ca nhm, hoc nhm khng tn. AutoCAD t nh
ngha tn *A cho mi nhm mi.
Change Group
Remove

Loi b i tng c chn ra khi nhm.

Thm i tng vo trong nhm

Add

Rename

i tn cho nhm hin ti. Tn mi c nhp ti Group Name.

139

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Re-order
Thay i s th t ca cc i tng trong nhm, s th t trong nhm bt
u bng 0.
AutoCAD hin th hp thoi Order Group

H nh 6.4 - Hp thoi Order Group.


Group Name
Hin th tn nhm i tng.
Description
Hin th din gii ca nhm i tng.
Remove from position (0-n)
Ch r v tr hin ti ca i tng trong nhm cn di.
Replace at position (0-n)
Ch r v tr chn i tng di chuyn.
Number of objects (1-n)
S lng i tng di chuyn.
Re-Order
Thc hin thay i v tr ca cc i tng trong nhm.
Highlight
Lm sng cc i tng c trong nhm hin theo th t trn vng
bn v.
Reverse Order
o ngc s th t cc i tng trong nhm hin ti.

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Description
Cp nht din gii cho nhm i tng.
Explode
Ph b nhm, cc i tng tr li tnh cht ban u.
Selectable
Ti Selectable thay i gia Yes/no
+ yes : chn mt nhm bn ch vic chn mt i tng trong nhm
+ no : Ch thc hin la chn vi cc i tng c chn
S dng trn dng lnh
Nu trn dng lnh, bn nhp -group th bn nhn c li nhc nh sau:
?/Order/Add/Remove/Explode/REName/Selectable/<Create>: chn hoc
Create
To mt nhm mi.
Group name (or ?): t tn nhm mi hoc
Sau , bn la chn cc i tng cn t vo trong nhm.
? -- List Groups
Hin th danh sch tn v s din t ca cc nhm trong bn v.
Groups(s) to list <*>: Nhp danh sch tn hoc
Order
Thay i v tr ca cc i tng c trong nhm
Add
Thm i tng vo nhm hin ti.
Group name (or ?): Nhp tn hoc
Select objects: Chn i tng cn thm vo nhm
Remove
Loi b i tng ra khi nhm.
Group name (or ?): t tn nhm mi hoc
Select objects: Chn i tng loi b ra khi nhm.
Explode
Loi b tt c cc i tng ra khi nhm, ng thi nhm b xo.
Group name (or ?): Nhp tn hoc
ReName
i tn nhm.
Old group name (or ?): Cho tn nhm cn i tn
New group name (or ?) : Nhp tn mi cho nhm

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141

Selectable
Group name (or ?): Cho tn nhm
This group is selectable. Do you wish to change it? <Y> chn N hoc
Chuyn i gia ch chn theo nhm v chn theo i tng.
6.6.

L nh ISOPLANE

S dng li v ng c
:Ti dng lnh, nhp isoplane
Enter isometric plane setting [Left/Top/Right] <Top>: Nhp chn la hoc
Li ng c gip ta th hin i tng 3 chiu trong mt phng nh
hnh hp bn. Mt li ng c m cc lnh SNAP v GRID s dng
s ph ln hnh hp. Cc bn v ng c ch l gi khng gian 3
chiu. Khi v bn khng th nhn n t gc khc hay dch
chuyn cc ng n trong n. thc hin cc kh nng khc, cn
s dng h to ngi dng UCS v cc cng c v khng gian 3D.
Li ng c c 3 trc chnh vi nghing 30,90,150 v 3 mt
tri, phi, trn, mi mt gn vi hai trc. Lnh ISOPLANE gip chn
mt ng c hin thi v cp trc to hin thi.
Toggle
Chuyn ti mt tip theo, theo th t mt tri ti mt nh, ti mt
phi.
Left
Chn mt tri, c nh ngha nghing t 90 150 .
Top
Chn thao tc lm vic ti mt trn. nh ngha t 30 150 .
Right
Chn thao tc lm vic ti mt bn phi. nh ngha t 90 30 .
Trong qu tr nh vc th s dng ph m t t Ctrl - E chuy n l nh vt m t n y sang m t
khc mt cch nhanh chng v ti n li.

142
6.7.

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

L nh DSETTINGS

To li cho bn v thng qua ca s hi thoi


T Tools menu, chn Drafting Settings...
Shortcut menu: Right-click Snap, Grid, Polar, Osnap, or Otrack on the status bar
and choose Settings.
Ti dng lnh, nhp dsettings
(c th gi lnh ny thng qua vic bm phm chut phi ln nt Snap, Grid, Polar,
Osnap, hoc Otrack gi Menu ng ri chn Settings...)
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi Drafting Settings hnh 6.5

H nh 6.5 - Hp thoi Drafting Settings (trang Object Snap).


Hp thoi ny s dng xc nh cc phng php bt im (Object snap) v d tm
(Tracking) cc i tng khi v hnh. m bo cho cc nt v c bt u v kt thc
ng mun khng b ht cng nh khng b tha ra mi khi v i tng ny giao vi i
tng khc.
6.8.

L nh PEDIT

Lnh sa i cc ng a tuyn Polyline

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143

Tu thuc vo i tng l Polyline 2D, Polyline 3D, 3D Mesh. AutoCAD hin th dng
nhc tng ng
C php:
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Object Polyline
Command line: pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]: chn i tng cn hiu chnh
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]:
chn kiu hiu chnh
Nu i tng l ng thng hay ng trn th AutoCAD hin dng nhc:
Khi i tng khng phi l Polyline s xut huin dng nhc
Do you want it to turn into one? <Y>: Chn Y , N
Nu chn Y i tng s c chuyn i thnh ng Polyline 2D v lc bn c th
hiu chnh i tng . Nu chn N AutoCAD yu cu chn i tng Polyline khc.
Bng 6.2 - L nh s a i ng a tuy n
2D Polyline Selection
Nu chn mt ng 2D polyline, AutoCAD hin th dng
nhc:
Close / Join / Width / Edit vertex / Fit / Spline / Decurve/ Ltype
gen / Undo / eXit <X>:
Lnh Pedit cho php hiu chnh mt lot cc tnh cht ca
polyline, sau khi hon thnh vic hiu chnh mt tnh cht th
dng nhc trn lp li cho php hiu chnh mt tnh cht khc
cho n khi dng ty chn X (exit) kt thc lnh. Cc ty
chn ca lnh Pedit nh sau:
Close
To mt phn on khp kn polyline (ni phn on cui cng
vi phn on u tin).
Open
Khi mt polyline ang khp kn th ty chn ny s hy b cho
ty chn Close. N xa phn on khp kn polyline, lm cho
polyline tr nn m.
Join
Cho php ghp cc arc, line v polyline khc vo polyline c
chn to thnh mt polyline duy nht. Khi AutoCAD s
nhc:

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Select object: (chn i tng ghp vo)

Lu :1
- Polyline gc ( ghp cc i tng khc vo) phi l ang
m (open).
- i tng thm vo phi ni nh vi polyline gc.
Width
Cho php xc nh b rng ng nt mi v ng b cho tt c
cc phn on ca polyline c chn. Dng nhc tip theo ca
AutoCAD s l:
Enter new width for all segment: (vo b rng mi cho tt c
cc phn on).

Edit vertex
Khi dng ty chn ny, AutoCAD li th hin mt lot cc ty
chn con v cho php hiu chnh cc nh (vertex) ca polyline
v cc phn on k bn chng (nh no c nh du bng
du X th hiu chnh c nh ). Thot u AutoCAD nh
du nh u tin ca polyline v hin dng nhc:
Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangent/Wi
dth/eXit<N>:
Next
Di chuyn im nh du n nh k .
Previous
Di chuyn im nh du v li nh trc .
Break
Tch polyline lm hai hoc xa mt s phn on ca
polyline. Dng nhc tip theo l:
Next/Previous/Go/eXit<N>:
im gy th nht l nh c nh du khi dng ty chn
Break. Dng Next/Previous di chuyn n im gy th

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Break. Dng Next/Previous di chuyn n im gy th


hai. Dng Go thi hnh. Cc phn on gia im gy
th nht v im gy th hai s b xa. Dng eXit thot
khi Break tr li Edit vertex.
Insert
Chn mt nh ti mt im xc nh theo sau nh hin
thi c nh du. AutoCAD s c dng nhc:
Enter new location of new vertex: vo v tr cho nh mi(1)

Move
Di nh ang c nh du X n mt v tr mi. Bn
cng phi nhp v tr ca nh mi trn dng nhc:
Enter new location: Nhp to nh mi(1)

Regen
Thit lp li polyline v cp nht cc thay i. Thng dng
vi ty chn Width.

Straighten
Xa cc phn on nm gia hai nh c chn, thay th
bng mt phn on thng.
Dng nhc ca AutoCAD ging nh trong Break:
Next/Previous/Go/eXit<N>:

Tangent
Cho php t hng tip tuyn ti cc nh c nh du
dng khi lm cong polyline bng Fit. Dng nhc ca
AutoCAD l:

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Direction of tangent: (vo gc xc nh hng ca tip


tuyn)
Width
Cho php thay i b rng nt v ca phn on ngay sau
nh c nh du. AutoCAD nhc nh:
Enter starting width <gi tr hin hnh>: b rng bt u
Enter ending width <gi tr hin hnh>: b rng kt thc

Exit
Thot khi Edit vertex tr li lnh Pedit.
Fit
To mt ng cong trn u qua cc nh ca polyline. Nu c
t cc hng tip xc ti cc nh ny, ng cong c to
thnh s s dng cc hng tip xc .

Spline
To mt ng cong iu khin c. ng cong ny s dng
cc nh ca polyline lm cc im iu khin. ng cong to
thnh s i qua cc im iu khin u v cui (tr khi
polyline ng) v b ko v hng cc im khc nhng khng
nht thit phi i qua cc im ny.

Ltype gen
Lm cho loi ng nt nh hng chung trn ton b cc phn
on ca polyline (nu l ON) hay ch nh hng ring trn
tng phn on (nu l OFF). Hnh sau minh ha cho s khc
nhau ca mt polyline v trong hai trng hp.

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C th dng bin Plinegen t Ltypegen cho cc polyline


mi (Plinegen = 0 tng ng vi Ltypegen OFF v Plinegen =1
tng ng vi Ltypegen ON) .
Undo
Hy b thao tc va thc hin xong.
Exit
Thot khi lnh Pedit
3D Polyline Selection
Nu bn chn ng 3D Polyline, AutoCAD hin dng nhc:
Close / Edit vertex / Spline curve / Decurve / Undo / eXit <X>:
Chn mt tnh cht
Cc la chn ny nh khi lm vic vi a tuyn hai chiu, song
cc ng cong s c to bi la chn "cc ng spline" s
l ba chiu.
Close
To mt phn on khp kn polyline (ni phn on cui cng
vi phn on u tin).
Open
Khi mt polyline ang khp kn th ty chn ny s hy b cho
ty chn Close. N xa phn on khp kn polyline, lm cho
polyline tr nn m.
Edit vetex
Khi dng ty chn ny, AutoCAD li th hin mt lot cc ty
chn con v cho php hiu chnh cc nh 3 chiu (vertex) ca
polyline v cc phn on k bn chng (nh no c nh
du bng du X th hiu chnh c nh ). Thot u
AutoCAD nh du nh u tin ca polyline v hin dng
nhc:
Next
Di chuyn im nh du n nh k .
Previous
Di chuyn im nh du v li nh trc .
Break
Tch polyline lm hai hoc xa mt s phn on ca

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

polyline. Dng nhc tip theo l:


Next/Previous/Go/eXit<N>:
im gy th nht l nh c nh du khi dng ty chn
Break. Dng Next/Previous di chuyn n im gy th
hai. Dng Go thi hnh. Cc phn on gia im gy
th nht v im gy th hai s b xa. Dng eXit thot
khi Break tr li Edit vertex.
Insert
Chn mt nh ti mt im xc nh theo sau nh hin
thi c nh du. AutoCAD s c dng nhc:
Enter new location of new vertex: vo v tr cho nh mi
Move
Di nh ang c nh du X n mt v tr mi. Bn
cng phi nhp v tr ca nh mi trn dng nhc:
Enter new location: Nhp to nh mi(1)
Regen
Thit lp li polyline v cp nht cc thay i. Thng dng
vi ty chn Width.
Straighten
Xa cc phn on nm gia hai nh c chn, thay th
bng mt phn on thng.
Exit
Thot khi Edit vertex tr li lnh Pedit.
Spline curve
S dng cc nh ca a tuyn nh l cc im nh v ca
ng cong m s ng hay m nh l a tuyn gc. ng
cong i t im u n im cui v "" ti nh d
khng cn phi qua chng. Bn ch ra cng nhiu im nh
v trn phn ca khung, chng cng lm nn ng cong
hn. ng cong loi ny gi l B-spline, chng c th to
thnh ng cong bc hai hay ng cong bc ba.

Decurve
B cc nh b sung khi "Fit curve" v tt c cc on a

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tuyn s c nn thng li.


Undo
B kt qu mi nhn c do vic s dng phn tu chn ngay
trc .
Exit
Thot lnh PEDIT.
3D Polygon Mesh Selection
Khi la chn li 3D Polyline AutoCAD hin dng nhc:
Edit vertex / Smooth surface / Desmooth / Mclose / Nclose /
Undo / eXit <X>:
Edit vetex
Li a gic c th coi nh mt mng ch nht MxN, M v N
c cho trong lnh 3DMESH (hoc cho bng SURFTAB1 V
SURFTAB2 i vi cc lnh RULESURF, TABSSURF,
REVSSURF v EDGESURRF).
Vertex (m, n). Next / Previous / Left / Right / Up / Down /
Move / REgen / eXit <current>: Chn mt la chn

Next
Di chuyn nh nh du X ti nh tip theo.
Previous
Di chuyn nh nh du X ti nh trc .
Left
Dch chuyn du X li theo hng N.
Right
Dch chuyn du X tin theo hng N.
Up
Dch chuyn du X tin theo hng M.
Down
Dch chuyn du X li theo hng M.
Move
Di chuyn nh hin ti ti v tr mi.

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Enter new location: To im v tr mi


Regen
Thit lp li polyline v cp nht cc thay i. Thng dng
vi ty chn Width.
Exit
Thot khi Edit vertex.
Smooth surface
Kim sot kiu ca mt c vin, nu SURFTYPE bng 5
l kiu mt B-spline bc hai, bng 6 l mt B-spline bc ba,
bng 8 l mt vm.

Desmooth
B mt trn mi vin v khi phc cc im nh v ca li
a gic gc.
Mclose
ng polyline nu li ang m theo hng M.
Mopen
M polyline nu li ang ng theo hng M.
Nclose
ng polyline nu li ang m theo hng N.
Mopen
M polyline nu li ang ng theo hng N.
6.9.

L nh FIND

Lnh tm kim v thay th Text.


T Edit menu, chn Find...
Command line: Find
S thy xut hin hp thoi hnh 6.6.

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H nh 6.6 - t m ki m v thay th Text trong bn v.


Ti Find text string : nhp vo xu k t cn tm
Ti Replace with : nhp vo xu k t s thay th
Bm chn Options... Nu mun hiu chnh cc phng n tm kim v thay th. Khi
AutoCAD s cho hin hp thoi hnh 6.7

H nh 6.7 - Chn i tng t m ki m v thay th .


Chn cc i tng cn tm v thay th ri bm phm OK quay li hp thoi hnh
6.6.
Bm phm Find (hnh 6.6) thc hin lnh tm kim.

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Bm phm Replace thc hin lnh thay th tng t.


Bm phm Replace All thc hin lnh thay th ton b.

Cc l nh lm vi c vi khi
Khi (Block) l mt nhm cc i tng c lin kt vi nhau to thanh mt i tng
duy nht. Sau khi to khi chng c th c s dng nh mt biu tng, mt k hiu
hoc mt m hnh trong bn v (inh c, bnh rng, t in, in tr, bn gh, con ln
v.v..). iu c bit tin li ca Block l chng c th c nh ngha ri ghi ra File s
dng cho cc bn v sau ny. Ngha l nu s dng khi ta c th to ra cc th vin i
tng v ng tiu chun, ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut ca tng ngnh, ngh c th.
6.10. L nh BLOCK
nh ngha mt khi
Cho php nhm cc i tng hin din trn bn v thnh mt khi mi.
Command line: -Block
Block name (or ?): (nhp tn khi hoc ?)
insertion base point: (nhp im c s chn)
Select object: (chn cc i tng cn nhm vo khi)
Block name
Tn ca khi c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng cc k t c bit ht nh ($), (-), (_).
Nu nhp vo mt tn khi trng vi mt tn khi no ang tn ti, AutoCAD s nhc:
Block <tn> already exists: (khi <tn>ang tn ti).
Sau khi xc nh tn khi:
Nu tn khi tn ti th AutoCAD hin dng nhc
Redifine it? <N>: (nh ngha li khi khng? Nu Y (yes)) c nh ngha li, cn N (No)
l khng nh ngha li v thot khi lnh Block.
Nu tn khi cha tn ti th AutoCAD s yu cu xc nh im c s chn, y l
im c dng chn khi vo bn v. Tuy im ny c th ly bt k nhng thun
tin cho qu trnh qun l v s dng khi cn chn im ny l im c trng ca khi.
Insertion base point: To im c s (1)
Tip theo AutoCAD yu cu xc nh cc i tng thnh phn ca khi cng bng dng
nhc
select object: Chn cc i tng nhm thnh mt khi

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Sau khi nh ngha khi xong, cc nguyn th c nhm thnh khi s bin mt. Nu
mun phc hi phi dng lnh OOps.
? -- Listing Previously Defined Blocks
Nu tr li dng nhc ban u bng ?, AutoCAD s cho php lit k mt hoc nhiu khi
c. Khi s c dng nhc
Block (s) name to list <*>: (nhp tn mt hoc nhiu khi, hoc Enter yu cu lit k tt
c cc khi c nh ngha trong bn v hin hnh).
Cc tham s ca lnh Block trn y cng c th c khai bo thng qua hp thoi (hnh
6.8) nu ta nhp lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau :
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Draw menu, chn Block -> Make...
Command line: Block

H nh 6.8 - nh ngh a cc tham s to khi.

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Sau khi gi hp thoi hnh 6.8 thao tc nh sau :


Ti Name : t tn cho khi s to
Bm

sau chn cc i tng thnh phn ca khi;

Bm

chn im chn ca khi;

Chn n v khi chn khi Insert units


kt thc.

Bm
6.11. L nh ATTDEF

Lnh nh ngha thuc tnh cho khi c to


T Draw menu, chn Block -> Define Attributes...
Command line: attdef
Xut hin hp thoi hnh 6.9 di y

H nh 6.9 - nh ngh a thuc t nh cho khi.


Mode : nh kiu
Invisible: Nu chn thuc tnh ny th cc thuc tnh c nh ngha s khng
th hin trn mn hnh;
Constant: Thuc tnh c nh ngha c mt tnh cht c nh v khng th
thay i c trong qu trnh chn khi vo bn v;
Verify: Thuc tnh c nh ngha s hin th trn dng nhc cho bn kim tra
li v nu cn bn c th thay i qu trnh chn khi vo bn v;

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155

Preset: AutoCAD chn khi vo bn v v ly gi tr thuc tnh c nh ngha


v khng t ra cu hi.
Attribute: thuc tnh
Tag - nhp tn ca thuc tnh
Prompt - Nhp dng nhc nu ta mun n xut hin khi chn khi c cha nh
ngha thuc tnh ny.
Value - Nhp gi tr mc nh cho thuc tnh (nu mun c)
Insertion point - im chn
Cho php nhp ta im u ca thuc tnh hoc bng thit b ch im trn
mn hnh (nhy chut vo pick point).
Text options: Cho php xc nh kiu ch, chiu cao, gc quay, kiu cn l cho
thuc tnh.
Justication: Kiu cn l cho thuc tnh (ging nh cn l cho dng text).
Text Style: Kiu ch vit thuc tnh ( c nh ngha bng lnh Style).
Height: Chiu cao ch
Rotation: Gc quay ca dng text.
Align below previous attribute: Nu chn chc nng ny s cho php to mt
thuc tnh mi c cc thng s Text options ging nh ca thuc tnh va to
thnh trc . Ring insertion point th ging nh khi trong lnh Text m ta
( xung dng).
Sau khi chn la xong v OK, c th thy tn ca thuc tnh xut hin trnmn hnh.
gn thuc tnh vo khi no , khi chn cc thnh phn ca khi th ta phi chn c cc
thuc tnh ny (nhy chut vo tn ca thuc tnh).
6.12. L nh INSERT
Lnh chn khi thng qua hp hi thoi
Cho php chn mt khi c nh ngha (hay mt bn v ang tn ti) vo bn v hin
hnh thng qua hp thoi (hnh 6.10).
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Insert menu, chn Block

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H nh 6.10 - Hp thoi Insert.


Cc ty chn trong hp thoi ny nh sau
Name... nhp tn khi cn chn vo son tho tn khi hoc nhy chut vo block...
xut hin hp thoi ph v chn tn block cn chn trong cc block c nh ngha ca
bn v hin hnh.
Browse... bm chn phm ny (nu mun chn khi l mt bn v c trn a) xut hin
hp thoi ph v chn tn file ang tn ti trong th mc hin hnh hay cc th mc khc.
Insertion point: im chn. Nhp ta ca im s chn khi vo bn v. Khi mt
bn sao ca khi s c v vo bn v, sao cho im c s ca khi (base point) s trng
hon ton vi im chn (insertion point) va nhp.
Scale : (t l) cho php phng, thu khi theo c ba phng vi t l ty . T l theo cc
phng c th khc nhau. Nu dng h s t l gi tr m c th ly i xng.
Rotation (quay): cho php xoay khi khi chn vo bn v vi gc quay tng ng c
nhp vo trong son tho Rotation.
Explode (tch ra): Nu dng chc nng ny cho php chn mt khi nh l mt tp hp
cc nguyn th ring l ch khng phi l mt thc th n. Khi c th hiu chnh ring
cho tng nguyn th ca khi. Khi dng chc nng expode, khi s c chn vi cc h s
t l X, Y, Z bng nhau, c ngha l ch dng mt h s t l v khng c gi tr m.
Ngo i ra ta cng c th chn khi v n bn v m khng c n thng qua hp thoi bng cch
t d ng l nh g km thm d u tr (-) trc l nh Insert

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157

Command line: -Insert


Enter block name or [?] : nhp tn khi hay ? lit k cc khi c nh ngha
trong bn v
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: nhp im
chn khi trn bn v
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: nhp h s t l
theo phng X
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: nhp h s t l theo phng Y,(mc nh
bng X)
Specify rotation angle <0>:>: Nhp gc quay
Cc ty chn ca lnh ny nh sau:
Corner - nh gc: Ty chn ny cho php xc nh t l X v Y ng thi; chc nng
ny dng im chn v mt im khc nh l hai nh ca mt hnh ch nht. Kch
thc X v Y ca hnh ch nht chnh l t l X v Y. dng chc nng corner, sau
dng nhc Scale factor phi vo mt im, dim ny s l im th hai ca hnh ch
nht. Nu im th hai nm bn tri im chn s c t l X l m, nu im th hai
nm trn im chn s c t l Y l m.
XYZ: ty chn ny cho php chn cc i tng 3 chiu (3D) vo bn v. Sau khi thc
hin cc thao tc trn, khi c chn vo bn v s c im c s trng vi im chn
v tun theo t l cng nh gc quay t.
Ngoi trnh t thao tc nh trn khi thc hin lnh insert ta c th o ngc mt phn,
bng cch nhp t l trc khi nhp im chn. iu ny tin li khi ta ko khi vo v
tr (v c hin tng ko l (drag) nn thy trc c v tr ca khi trong bn v).
thc hin thao tc ny, cn vo mt trong cc ty chn sau tr li dng nhc
insertion point.
Scale: AutoCAD s nhc vo t l chung cho c 3 trc X, Y, Z v s khng nhc vo
t l sau khi chn im chn na.
XScale tng t Scale nhng ch vo t l cho X
YScale tng t Scale nhng ch vo t l cho Y
ZScale tng t Scale nhng ch vo t l cho Z
Rotate: AutoCAD s nhc vo gc quay v cng s khng nhc vo gc quay sau
na.
PScale tng t nh scale, nhng t l ny ch dng hin th khi ko khi vo v tr.
AutoCAD vn nhc vo t l sau khi vo im chn.
PXScale tng t PScale nhng ch nh hng n t l X

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PYScale tng t PScale nhng ch nh hng n t l Y


PZScale tng t PScale nhng ch nh hng n t l Z
PRotate tng t Rotate nhng AutoCAD nhc vo li gc quay sau .
Sau khi vo mt trong cc ty chn trn dng nhc insertion point: li xut hin ta
vo mt chc nng khc hoc vo im chn.
Duy tr s ring bit gia cc phn khi chn.
Khi chn mt khi nhng mun duy tr s ring bit ca cc nguyn th phi t du
sao (*) trc tn khi
Chn mt file vo bn v
Mt bn v c th coi nh mt khi khi chn vo bn v khc, khi s dng lnh insert
AutoCAD s tm file bn v cn chn (vi iu kin khng c mt tn khi no c
nh ngha trng vi tn file) v coi file nh mt khi chn. N s dng tn file
lm tn khi, sau lnh insert hot ng bnh thng.
thc hin vic chn mt file nh chn mt khi, cn tr li dng nhc Block name
nh sau:
tn khi = tn file
V d:
Command: insert
Block name (or?): Chair = Chair
(Gn file Chair.dwg thnh khi Chair)
Nu qun tn file c th vo du (~) sau dng nhc Block name hin th hp thoi
select drawing file (chn file bn v) v c th chn file cn chn thng qua hp thoi
ny.
Thay i mt bn v c chn
Gi s bn v bulong c chn vo bn v LAP, khi bulong l mt khi ca bn v
LAP. Ta mun thay i khi bulong trong bn v LAP, cc thay i ny s khng t
ng cp nht c trn bn v LAP. Mun cp nht c - c ngha mun thay i
c khi bulong trong bn v LAP - phi dng lnh insert v tr li dng nhc Block
name, theo cc cch sau:
Tn khi = tn file (s dng khi tn khi khc tn file)
Tn khi =

(s dng khi tn khi trng tn file)

Tn khi = ~

(nu mun xc nh tn file bng hp thoi)

Sau khi c xong nh ngha khi t file, AutoCAD s thng bo:


Block <tn khi> redefined (khi <tn khi> c nh ngha li)

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159

Sau AutoCAD cp nht cc thay i cho nh ngha khi. Nu ch mun thay i


nh ngha khi m khng chn thm khi vo bn v phi tr li Ctrl + C cho dng
nhc insertion point.
V d:
Command: insert
Block name (or?): bulong =
Block bulong redefired
insert point: Ctrl + C

6.13. L nh MINSERT
Chn mt khi vo nhiu v tr c sp xp thnh mng
C th xem lnh minsert nh l lnh n kt hp t hai lnh insert v array
rectangular. V d ta nh chn i tng Gh bnh vo bn v vi 3 hng v 5 ct i
tng (hnh 6.11). Th t tin hnh nh sau:
Command line: minsert
Command: minsert
Enter block name or [?] <Gh bnh>:
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: chn
mt im bt u chn
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: chn t l
hng X hoc
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: chn t l hng Y
Specify rotation angle <0>: chn gc quay cho i tng
Enter number of rows (---) <1>: 3 (3 hng)
Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: 5 (5 ct)
Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): 20 (khong cch gia cc
hng
Specify distance between columns (|||): 20 (khong cch gia cc ct)
Lu : sau lnh minsert ta thm vo bn v mt khi, do l mt khi v vy khng th
hiu chnh (xa hay di v.v...) ring tng khi. Du sao (*) cng khng c s dng t
trc tn khi trong lnh minsert.

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H nh 6.11 - S d ng l nh Minsert.

6.14. L nh DIVIDE
Lnh chia i tng v thnh nhiu phn bng nhau
Lnh Divide chia mt i tng thnh nhiu phn c di bng nhau v t cc im
nh du (point) dc theo i tng ti cc im chia.
T Draw menu, chn Point-> Divide
Command line: Divide
Select object to divide: chn i tng cn chia
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: B
Enter name of block to insert: Gh bnh
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: Y
Enter the number of segments: 10

H nh 6.12 - S d ng l nh Divide.

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Mt i tng c th c chia ra thnh t 2 n 32767


phn on. Cc i tng c chia bi lnh divide l
line, arc, circle v 2D polyline. Sau khi chia xong v tr
chia c nh du bng im (point), c dng v kch
thc ca kiu im hin thi.

6.15.

L nh MEASURE

Lnh chia i tng theo di on


Lnh Measure cho php o i tng bng mt on (segment) c di xc nh. Cc i
tng c th chn cho lnh ny l line, arc, circle v polyline. Cu trc ca lnh Measure
tng t lnh Divide.
T Draw menu, chn Point-> measure
Command line: measure
Select object to measure: chn i tng bng cch im vo i tng
Specify length of segment or [Block]: B
Enter name of block to insert: Gh bnh 1
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: Y
Specify length of segment: 12 (chiu di on chn)

H nh 6.13 - S d ng l nh Measure.

Length of segment
Ty thuc vo im khi chn i tng gn u no, AutoCAD s bt u o t u .
on cui cng c th ngn hn cc on khc. Ti cc im chia c nh du bng
point.

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Phn on i tng l mt on thng

Phn on i tng l mt ng trn

Phn on i tng l mt ng Polyline

6.16. L nh WBLOCK
Ghi block ra a
Cho php ghi ton b hay mt phn bn v hay mt khi nh ngha thnh mt file
bn v mi khi cn c th chn vo bn v nh mt khi.
Command line: Wblock
AutoCAD hin th hp hi thoi hnh 6.14. Qua NSD c th t tn v ghi File File
cho khi v nh ngha.

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H nh 6.14 - S d ng l nh Measure.
Block : ghi khi ra File, chc nng ny s cho php ta s xut mt trong cc khi
(Block) nh ngha ra File.
Entire drawing : La chn ny cho php ghi ton b cc ni dung trn bn v
hin ti ra File.
Objects : Ch ghi mt s i tng theo ch nh ca NSD. Vi la chn ny th
NSD phi c thm ddonjg tc chn i tng

; chn im chn

.
File name : nhp vo tn File s ghi ca khi.
Location : a ch ghi File. C th bm

chn a ch nghi File t hp

thoi.
Insert units : n v tnh ca Block.
Sau khi la chn ng cc tham s trn bm chn

kt thc lnh.

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6.17. L nh EXPLODE
Lnh lm tan khi
Lnh explode tan khi (k c khi n danh nh kch thc, mu mt ct v.v... do AutoCAD
nh ngha) v thay th bng cc nguyn th to ra khi .
Lnh ny c tc dng khi cn hiu chnh cc nguyn th thnh phn ca khi.
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T Modify menu, chn Explode
Command line: Explode
Select object: (chn khi cn lm tan)
Lu : khng th lm tan (explode) cc i tng sau:
Cc khi c chn bng lnh minsert.
Cc khi c t l X, Y, Z khng bng nhau.

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Trnh by v in bn v
trong Autocad
Khi l nh tra cu
7.1. L nh LIST
Lit k thng tin c s d liu ca mt hay mt nhm i tng c la chn
Lnh List cho php lit k cc d liu (lp, mu sc, im t...) ca mt hay nhiu i
tng.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Tools menu, chn Inquiry>List
Command line: list
Select object: (chn i tng cn kho st)
s thy xt hin cc thng tin m t i tng . V d sau khi chn i tng l BLock
Gh bnh s thy xut hin cc thng tin.
Select objects:
BLOCK REFERENCE Layer: "0"
Space: Model space
Handle = 1B3
"Gh bnh"
at point, X= 38.1225 Y= 34.3266 Z= 0.0000
X scale factor 1.0000
Y scale factor 1.0000
rotation angle
0
Z scale factor 1.0000

7.2. L nh DBLIST
Lit k thng tin ca tt c cc i tng trn bn v
Command line: dblist
7.3. L nh DIST
o khong cch v o gc

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Lnh dist hin th khong cch, (gc) xc nh bi hai im trn bn v.


Trn thanh cng c, chn
T Tools menu, chn Inquiry>Distance
Command line: dist
Specify first point : (im th nht)
Specify second point : (im th hai)

7.4. L nh ID
Hin th to mt im trn mn hnh
Lnh id cho php lit k cc d liu (lp, mu sc, im t...) ca mt hay nhiu i
tng.
T Tools menu, chn Inquiry>ID Point
Command line: id
Point: (ch ra im cn xc nh ta )

7.5. L nh AREA
o din tch v chu vi
Lnh Area dng o din tch mt vng xc nh v chu vi ng bao vng . Cc vng
c th o c bng lnh Area bao gm: polygon, polyline, circle.

Trn thanh cng c, chn


T Tools menu, chn Inquiry>Area
Command line: area
<First point> / Object / Add / Subtract:
First point
Nu tr li nhc nh trn bng mt im, AutoCAD s yu cu vo im k tip v lp li
cho n khi tr li l Null ( ).
Sau AutoCAD s hin th din tch v chu vi tng ng vi vng khp kn trn c s cc
im vo.

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167

Object
o din tch vng gii hn bi i tng c chn v di ca i tng .

Add
Ty chn ny s t lnh Area trong mode cng, cho php cng din tch v chu vi tng
ng vi nhiu vng. AutoCAD cui cng s hin th tng din tch cc vng c chn.

Subtract
Ty chn ny t lnh Area trong mode tr, ngc li vi mode cng.

Khi cc l nh i u khi n mn h nh
7.6. L nh ZOOM
Thu phng hnh v trn bn v
Lnh Zoom cho php phng to hay thu nh hnh v ang hin th trn mn hnh nhng kch
thc thc ca chng vn c gi nguyn.
T View menu, chn Zoom
Command line: zoom
All / Center / Dynamic / Extents / Previous / Scale(X/XP) / Window / <Realtime>:
Realtime
Thu phng bn v trn mn hnh thng qua biu tng :
Nhn phm Esc kt thc lnh.
All
Ty chn ny cho php xem trn mn hnh ton
b hnh v (gii hn c t bi lnh Limits).
Nu hnh v vt qu gii hn hnh v, mn hnh
s hin th ton b hnh v ny.

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Center
Ty chn ny cho php xc nh mt
ca s c tm v chiu gim ln ca
ca s cn zoom. Mun hin th vng
c chn ln mn hnh cn phi nhn
phm Enter. Nu chn ca s hin th
bn trong khung mu s tng tc zoom.
Dynamic
Hin th mt mn hnh c bit gm mt s phn:
- Mt khung ch nht mu trng (hay en) bao ton b phn v (extents).
- Mt khung ch nht mu xanh (hay tm) ch vng mn hnh trc .
- Bn du gc vung mu ch vng mn hnh m ta c th zoom vi tc cao.
quan st c nh dng ban u bng vi
khung ch nht mu xanh m ta c th di
chuyn ny bng thit b ch im chn
vng mn hnh cn hin th. Du X ch tm
ca quan st , c th ri duX ti v tr
cn thit ri nhy chut. Khi du s c thay th bng mi tn ch vo cnh phi cho
php tng hay gim.

Extents
Hin th phn v va kht mn hnh.

Previous
Ty chn ny cho php phc hi li mn hnh trc . AutoCAD lu c 10 mn hnh
trc , do c th zoom previous li 10 ln cao quy nh.

Scale
T l tham chiu n ton cnh: l t l thu phng hnh v
so vi kch thc thc ca chng khi c nh ngha
bng lnh Limits. T l bng 1 s hin th ln mn hnh
ton b hnh v (ton cnh) c gii hn bng lnh
limits. T l ln hn 1 l phng to cn thu nh hn 1 l thu nh hnh v.

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169

- T l tham chiu cnh mn hnh hin hnh: l t l thu


phng hnh v ang hin th trn mn hnh. Khi dng t l
ny phi thm X sau h s t l.
-C th vo h s t l theo sau l XP tham chiu n khng gian phng (paper - space).

Window
Hin th trn mn hnh phn hnh v c xc
nh bng mt ca s ch nht.

7.7. L nh PAN
X dch bn v trn mn hnh
Lnh Pan cho php x dch hnh v trn mn hnh c th xem c tt c cc phn khc
nhau ca hnh v m khng thay i kch thc hin hnh.
Trn thanh cng c, chn
T View menu, chn Pan>Realtime
Command line: Pan
Dispiscement: (vo di hay im gc)
Second point: ( hay vo im th hai)
Nu vo di v cho nhc nh th hai th cnh trn mn hnh s trt theo di a
vo. Nu xc nh im gc v im th hai, cnh s
trt theo di t im gc ti im th hai.
Hnh v bn minh ha cng dng ca lnh Pan.

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7.8. L nh VIEW
Cho php t tn, lu gi, xo, gi mt cnh mn hnh
T View menu, chn Named Views
Command line: View

H nh 7.1 - Hp thoi View.


Nu mun nh ngha phn din tch th hin trn mn hnh th bn nhn nt New... Khi
bn s nhn tip mt hp thoi New View (hnh 7.2).

H nh 7.2 - Hp thoi New View.


Ti View Name bn c th cho tn ca phn din tch th hin trn mn hnh (V
d Mn hnh 1) Nu bn mun n l phn th hin mn hnh th nhn vo nt
Current Display.

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Nu mun xc nh ranh gii theo ch ca s bn nhn vo nt Define Window.


Sau bn c th nhn nt
th hin.

dng thit b chut tr trc tip phn din tch

Nu mun bit thng tin v phn din tch th hin trn mn hnh, bn ch cn chn
tn ca ca s th hin ri nhn nt Details... Bn s nhn c mt khung ca s
vi cc thng tin sau:

H nh 7.3 - Hp thoi View Details.

cc L nh i u khi n my in
Cc l nh nh dng v i u khi n trang in l mt trong nhng l nh quan trng v
phc tp nh t ca AutoCAD. K t phin bn AutoCAD 2000 nhm cc l nh ny
c nhng ci ti n vt b c, gip cho ngi s dng c thm nhi u la chn mi,
tng thm ch t lng cho cc trang in. Vi c hi u r v s dng thnh tho cc l nh
nh dng v i u khi n trang in l y u t quan trng v c n thi t c c cc
bn in mt cch nhanh chng ng tiu chu n k thu t v c ch t lng cao.

7.9. L nh LAYOUT
L nh nh dng trang in
Layout c hiu l m phng phn th hin bn v trn giy. Vi mt bn v ta c th
thit lp nhiu Layouts, mi Layout tng ng vi mt phng n in c th (c c giy,
cu hnh my in c th). Trong mi Layout cng c th to v nh v tr cho Viewport; c
th thm BLock khung tn hoc cc i tng v khc. Nh vy ti mi trang Layout
khng ch lu tr cc thng tin thuc i tng v m cn c nhiu thng tin khc l :

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Cc thit lp my in (Plot settings)


Kch thc giy (paper size)
Hng in (Image Orientation)
T l in (Plot scale)
im gc in (Plot Offset)
...
Command line: Layout
Enter layout option [Copy/Delete/New/Template/Rename/SAveas/Set/?] <set>:
Lnh ny c th c s dng to mt Layout mi; xo mt Layout c; i tn
Layout v.v...
Copy : Sao chp Layout. Sau lnh ny AutoCAD s hi tn Layout s Copy n.
Nu ta khng nhp tn mi th AutoCAD s mc nh ly tn ca Layout gc v
cng thm 1;
Delete : xo Layout, AutoCAD s yu cu nhp vo tn ca Layout cn xo;
New : to mt Layout mi, AutoCAD s yu cu nhp tn cho Layout;
Rename : i tn Layout, AutoCAD s xut hin dng nhc yu cu t tn mi
cho Layout hin ti;
Template : To mt Layout mi cho bn v thng qua File mu;
Save : Ghi lai Layout. Cc Layout s c ghi trn bn v mu (DWT). Layout hin
hnh cui cng s c chn lm mc nh;
Set : Gn mt Layout lm Layout hin hnh;
? : Lit k cc Layout khai bo trong bn v hin ti.
C th hi u ch nh cc Layout bng cch b m ph m chut phi ti tn mt Layout
b t k, sth y xu t hi n MENU ng (h nh 7.4)

H nh 7.4 - Hi u ch nh Layout t MENU ng.


Sau khi to Layout nu ln u tin bm chn Layout th AutoCAD s cho hin th mt
Viewport vi gii hn chnh l mp ca kh giy (Paper size) do NSD chn. Vic chn kiu

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173

my in, kh giy, hng in v.v.. cho Layout ny c thc hin thng qua hp thoi (hnh
7.5).

7.9.1. Trang Plot Device (h nh 7.5)


Layout name : Tn biu kin ca Layout;
Page setup name : Hin th thit lp trang in t tn v c ghi. NSD c th
chn trong bng danh sch cc thit lp ny lm c s nh dng cho trang hin
hnh. Cng c th to thm cc nh kiu mi bng cch bm chn phm Add... s
thy hin th mt thoi hnh 7.6.

H nh 7.5 - Hp thoi Plot (trang Plot Device).

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H nh 7.6 -Hp thoi User Define Page Setups.


Plotter confirguration : Chn kiu my in (my v). My in hoc my v l cc
thit b u ra thng c khai bo t trc trong mc Start - Settings - Printers.
Ti hp thoi (hnh 7.5), ta c th chn mt trong cc thit b u ra cho Layout
ny. Nu mun chnh su hn vo cc thuc tnh ca my in c th bm chn tip
phm
. Ti y (hp thoi hnh 7.7) NSD c th hiu chnh cc tham
s "k thut" ca my in nh phn gii; ch tiu hao mc; khay giy v.v..
cng c th thm vo mt hoc nhiu kh giy khng thuc tiu chun (giy nh
kh)...
Trong trng hp cha bit r lm v thit b u ra (trng hp v trn my nhng sau
s mang i mt ni khc in do khng th bit chnh xc tn my in, my v), ta vn
c th khai bo cc Layout bng cch chn kiu my in l none (tng t trn hnh 7.5).
Khi mc d cha bit r v my in ta vn c th xc nh c kh giy, nt v, hng
in v.v... (thng qua trang Layout Settting). Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny th ta khng th
chn chc nng xem trc trang in (Plot Preview) c, bi v chc nng ny i hi phi
c tn v cc nh dng phn cng c th AutoCAD c th tnh ton v th hin ng
nh hnh nh trang in s xut hin trn giy.

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H nh 7.7 - Hp thoi User Define Page Setups.


: Gi (tng ng phm Help);
Plot style table (pen assignments) : nh kiu cho nt v. Cc kiu nt v c nh
ngha trc v c th ghi ra File (*.CTB) NSD c th nh ngha li (
kiu nt; khai bo kiu mi (

) cc

) thng qua Wizard ca AutoCAD.

Pen parameterrs - cc thng s v bt


Mi i tng trong bn v c mt mu lin kt vi n. Ty thuc vo my v, c
th v mi mu vi mt cy bt, loi ng nt, tc v v b rng bt khc nhau.
Mt vi loi my in, chng hn nh my in laser hay my in tnh in, c th v cc
ng vi cc b rng khc nhau. Cc b rng ny i khi c gi l lone width
hay lineweights. Mc d chng khng c mt cy bt no c, AutoCAD vn dng
khi nim Pen Width (b rng bt) cho Line widths hay Lineweights.
Pen assignments... Cc phn nh cho bt

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Nhy chut vo ny, AutoCAD s xut hin hp thoi pen assignments cho php
iu khin s phn nh v mu sc (color), bt, loi ng nt (linetype), tc
(Speed) v b rng (width) bt cho my v hin thi.

H nh 7.8 - Hp thoi hi u ch nh ki u trang in.


i vi cc loi my v c bt, AutoCAD cn bit b rng bt iu khin vic v cc
solid, polyline, trace v c lng nng h bt. i vi my v khng bt (my in),
AutoCAD dng Pen width xc nh b rng ng nt c dng.
Nu thit b hin thi c nhiu bt hay nhiu b rng ng nt, c th lin kt chng vi
ton b 255 mu. Trong trng hp ngc li th ct Pen width v cc son tho trong
Modify values s m i, lc ny AutoCAD ch hi mt b rng bt duy nht cho tt c cc
bt v yu cu nhp vo pen width (lc ny s khng b m).
Ch : Cn phn bit gia loi ng nt c my v thit lp vi loi ng nt ca i
tng trong bn v. Tt nht l nn iu khin loi ng nt bng chnh phn mm
AutoCAD , khng nn dng loi ng nt ca my v. Nn dng loi ng nt lin tc
(s 0) ca my v cho tt c cc loi ng nt thit lp trong bn v, khi bn v s
c in ra vi loi ng nt ng nh AutoCAD quy nh.

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177

gi lnh Options (trang Plotting),trong hp thoi Options ny NSD c


th nh ngha thm kiu my in (thm ch nhng kiu my in, my v dng ring
ca AutoCAD), hiu chnh nt v v.v...
: hp chn ny nu c nh du th mi khi ta truy
nhp ln u tin n mt Layout hp thoi ny s c gi NSD c th nh
ngha cc gi tr cho my in, nt v ...

H nh 7.9 - Hp thoi Options (trang Plotting).

7.9.2. Trang Layout settings (h nh 7.10)


Paper size and paper units :Hin th cc kch c giy tiu chun m my in hin
chn c th chp nhn c; nu thit b in chn l None (hnh 7.5) th ti chn
ny NSD c th chn c giy no cng c, nhng cc la chn trn Layout s ch
dng s liu tim n khng th in ngay c, cng khng th gi chc nng
Plot Preview (xem trc trang in) c;
Drawing orientation : la chn hng in
o Portrait : in thng gc (l kiu in thng thng, ging nh ta vit ch trn
giy vy);

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

o Landscape : in xoay ngang (l kiu in m b rng ca trang in ln hn b


di ca trang in);
o Plot upside - down : in theo hng t di ln trn.
Plot area : chn vng in (phm vi in)
o Layout : in tt c cc hnh bn trong l ca giy (Paper size). im gc bt
u in c tnh t im c to 0,0 trn Layout. y l chc nng ch c
th chn khi ta gi hp thoi ny t Layout tab (nu gi t Model tab th
chc nng ny c chuyn thnh Limits );
o Limits : Vng c in l gii hn ca bn v. Khi ta phi chn ty l in
cho ph hp;

H nh 7.10 - Hp thoi Plot (trang Plot Settings).


o Externs : Vgn in l ton b cc phn v. AutoCAD s t ng tnh ton
li phm vi in trc khi in;
o Display : Vng in l ton cnh mn hnh hin hnh (hoc viewport hin
hnh);
o View : vng in l vng c nh ngha bi lnh view;
o Window : vng in l khung ca s c xc nh bi NSD thng qua vic
kch chn trc tip trn mn hnh ho;

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179

Plot scale : ty l in mc nh l 1:1 khi in cc Layout; mc nh l Scaled to Fit khi


in Model tab.
o Scale : xc nh t l in;
Nu mun vng v xc nh t va ln c giy chn, hy chn chc
nng Scale to Fit bng cch nh du vo chn tng ng. AutoCAD s
t ng hiu chnh t l v cho cc i tng chng c in ra va ng
vi kh giy chn.
o Custom : to t l tu , nh ngha mi n v in t tng ng vi bao
nhiu n v di (mm hoc inches...) trn giy;
Thng bo <n v> = Drawing Units phn nh n v inch hay milimeter
chn trc cho c giy. V d: trc chn n v l milimeter th
thng bo trn s l: Plotted MM = Drawing Units.
Trong cc son tho thng bo ny, c th nhp vo gi tr tng ng. V
d: n v l milimeter, t l l 1 = 1 th c ngha l mt n v v s c
in ra ng mt milimeter. Nu t l ny l 3=10 ngha l 10 n v v s
c in ra ng 3 milimeter.
o Scale lineweights: bin xc nh vic b rng nt v c b thay i bi t l
phng ny hay khng? nu bin ny c chn th khi ta tng t l bn v
b rng nt v cng tng ng c tng theo.
Plot offset : im gc bt u in (Plot origin).
Plot options : ch nh cc la chn b rng nt in hin hnh
o Plot with lineweights: in vi chiu rng nt v c nh ngha trn hp
thoi Layer Properties Manager;
o Plot with plot styles : in vi cc b dy nt v c nh ngha trong
Plot Style Table (la chn ny thay th cho Pen Asignments ca cc phin
bn trc);
o Plot paperspace last : in theo cc la chn nt in t Layout trc
o Hide object : che cc nt khut khi in.
Partial Preview : hin th vng in so vi Paper size v vng c th in;
Full Preview : Hin th ton bn v ging nh hnh nh n s xut hin trn trang in
(hnh nhmu sc, kiu nt, dy nt ...)

7.10. L nh PLOT
Xut bn v ra giy
Lnh plot cho php xut bn v ra cc thit b ci t hay xut bn v thnh cc file hnh
v khc nhau c nh hnh.

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vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Ti thanh cng c, chn


T File menu, chn Plot
Command line: Plot (hoc Print)
Lnh ny gi n hp thoi tng t nh th hin trn hnh 7.5 (hoc 7.10) ri thng qua
NSD c th chn la cc tham s trang in, kh giy, hng in v.v...
Khi in cc bn v trong AutoCAD nu bit s dng Layout kt hp vi la chn v khai
bo Viewport s c th to ra cc cng c in rt tin li. Sau khi chn cc tham s trang
in bm chn phm OK xut bn v ra giy. Trong trng hp khng c my in kt ni
trc tip (hoc qua mng) ta cn c th chn chc nng in ra File (hnh 7.11). Kiu in ra
File ny khng phi l ghi li cc ni dung v *.DWG m lc ny AutoCAD tnh ton cc
phn t v (tng ng vi cc tham s trang in, my in chn) ri ghi chng thnh mt
dng File c bit ri sau NSD c th mang n bt k ni no c my tnh kt ni
vi loi my in m mnh nh ngha ri thc hin lnh xut bn v (m khng cn c
File bn v, thm ch khng cn n mi trng ho AutoCAD, thm ch khng cn n
c mi trng WINDOWS)
V d: t h iu hnh DOS, c th dng lnh:
COPY/b <tn file kt xut>PRN

H nh 7.11 - In bn v ra File.

Cc l nh to v hi u ch nh khung nh n ng
Khung nhn ng (Floatting Viewports) l mt i tng c bit ca AutoCAD. Ti mi
Viewport NSD c th di hnh (Move), xoay hnh, thay i kch thc v.v... sau cc
Viewports c th c t trn cc Layout ( chun b in). V cc Viewport l cc i
tng ca AutotCAD nn ta khng th trc tip hiu chnh chng trn cc Layout, mi vic
hiu chnh phi c tin hnh t Model tab. Cc hiu chnh t Model tab khng ch c
hiu lc trn Model tab m sau khi hiu chnh chng s c t ng cp nht n tt c
cc Viewport v Layout c lin quan.
Mt li th ca Floating Viewport l trn tng Viewport ta c th lm ng cc lp theo
nhng ring bit. iu c ngha l ta c th xut ra giy cc bn v c phn th

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181

hin rt khc nhau; c th v tch i tng theo mt phm vi no ri phng to chng v


t vo mt v tr khc trong bn in...
7.11. L nh LAYOUT (Template)
To mt Viewport t cc mu c sn
Ti thanh cng c, chn
Command line: Layout
Enter layout option [Copy/Delete/New/Template/Rename/SAveas/Set/?] <set>: T
Thy xut hin hp thoi hnh 7.12.

H nh 7.12 - To mt Layout t cc File m u.


T hp thoi ny NSD c th chn mt mu cho Layout ca mnh thng qua cc mu theo
nhng tiu chun khc nhau. Thc cht cc mu ny cng l cc File *.DWT c v v
t trong th mc Template. Chng ta cng c th to thm cc mu cho ph hp vi tiu
chun VN, tiu chun ngnh s dng li cho cc bn v sau ny.

7.12. L nh VPORTS
To mt Floating Viewport
Ti thanh cng c, chn
T View menu, chn Viewport -> New Viewport

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Command line: Vports


Thy xut hin hp thoi sau

H nh 7.13 - To v hi u ch nh Viewport.
Trn thanh Setup : nu ta chn li l 3D th ti bng danh sch Change view to s
tng ng xut hin cc hnh chiu 3 chiu.
Preview : th hin hnh nh ca Viewport s xt hin trn trang in. Bm chut ln
mt no ti y ta c th chn li kiu th hin ca ca s (v d bm chn
gc phn t th nht [phi trn bn tri] - ri chn vng ny th hin Top t
[Change view to]).

7.13. L nh MVIEW
To v sp xp cc khung nhn ng.
Command line: Mview (hoc -Vport)
Specify corner of viewport or [ON/OFF/Fit/Hideplot/Lock/Object/ Polygonal/
Restore/ 2/ 3/ 4] <Fit>: chn mt im
Specify opposite corner: chn im gc th 2

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183

Regenerating model.
ON/OFF : lm hin (n) cc i tng trong Layout hin ti (bng cch bm chn
i tng trn mn hnh).
Hideplot : che nt khut cho cc i tng trn Layout hin ti;
Fit : to Viewport va kht vng ho
Lock : kho Viewport c chn
Object : ch nh mt ng bao kn chuyn chng thnh ng bao ca
Viewport.
Polygonal : to mt Viewport c hnh dng bt k bng cch ch nh cc nh ca
a gic. Cc tham s yu cu nhp vo tng t nh khi thc hin lnh Pline.
2 / 3 / 4 : cho php to Viewport c 2 hoc 3 hoc 4 ca s.

Cc Viewport sau khi to c th thay


i thuc t nh thng qua l nh
Properties (b m chut phi ln vng
ho hi n MENU ng sau
chn Properties). T hp thoi ny c
th t thm nhi u thuc t nh khc
cho Viewport nh : kho (lock); che
n t khu t, nh li t l vv.v...

7.14. L nh VPLAYER (Viewport Layer)


iu khin s hin th ca cc lp trn khung nhn ng.
Command line: Vplayer
Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt]: chn mt ch
Lnh ny c th c s dng iu khin trng thi FREEZE/THAW ca ring tng
Viewport (khc vi lnh Layer l iu khin trang thi cho ton b bn v c Model tab
ln Layout tab). V d trn hnh mt Layout ta ang th hin 2 Viewport (ca cng mt
hnh v ging nhau). Nay ta mun in ra giy vi mt Viewport hin y cn mt l

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khng c ng kch thc chng hn. Nu dng lnh Layer tt lp DIM (lp ghi ng
kch thc) th trn c 2 Viewport ng kch thc s cng b tt. Vy t c mc
ch ny ta phi s dng lnh VPLayer nh sau
Command line: Vplayer
Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt]: F (Freeze)
Enter layer name(s) to freeze or <select objects>: DIM
Enter an option [All/Select/Current] <Current>: A (ton b)
Enter an option [?/Freeze/Thaw/Reset/Newfrz/Vpvisdflt]: kt thc

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Li Kt
AutoCAD l b chng trnh s, vi hng trm hm ho, trong mi hm li cha
khng t cc kh nng phn nhnh, v vy khng th ch vi trn di hai trm trang ti liu
ny m c th trnh by c ht ci hay, ci tinh t ca chng trnh. Ngay bn thn b
sch hng dn s dng ca hng AutoDesk cng phi tnh n c ngn trang, v th trong
khun kh c hn, ti liu ny khng nhm mc ch hng dn chi tit cch s dng
AutoCAD. Cc ni dung trnh by u c c lm gin lc, rt gn, nhiu ni dung
thm ch cn cha c cp. Tuy nhin khi vit ti liu ny tc gi ng trn quan
im ca mt ngi lm cng tc thit k k thut. Trong sch c gn lc ch gii
thiu nhng lnh c bn nht, thng dng nht trong AutoCAD. Nhng lnh gii thiu
tuy cha p ng nhu cu, to nn nhng bn v honh trng hay nhng bn v k
thut chuyn su, tuy nhin n l ngi hc c th s dng, to nn hu ht cc
bn v k thut (thuc cc ngnh c kh, xy dng, giao thng, thu li, kin trc, in,
nc...).
Do qu ch n yu cu ngn gn nn cch trnh by trong ti liu ny hn s cha lm
va lng mt s bn c. Tuy th ngi vit ti liu ny cng hy vng, cc ni dung vit ra
phn no gip gii thiu chng trnh AutoCAD n bn c l cc nh k thut thuc
nhng ngnh ngh lin quan. Vi gn 100 lnh c bn nht c gii thiu trn y, nu
c iu kin thc hnh trn my cng vi tnh kin tr v lng quyt tm, chc chn bn
c vn c th to ra cc bn v xy dng chun v p, p ng yu cu ngnh ngh ca
mnh.
tin cho phn tra cu v tm hiu thm v AutoCAD, phn cui ca ti liu xin c lit
k cc lnh v phm tt cho cc lnh . y l cc lnh thng gp ca AutoCAD c
xp theo th t vn ABC (trong c c cc lnh cha tng c gii thiu trong ti liu
ny).

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Cc l nh v ph m t t ca AutoCAD 2002
S

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

3DARRAY

3a

To mt mng 3 chi u gm nhi u i tng.

3DFACE

3f

To mt b m t 3 chi u.

3DPOLY

3p

To mt a tuy n trong kh ng gian 3 chi u.

ALIGN

al

S p x p i tng.

APPLOAD

ap

ARC

V cung tr n.

AREA

aa

o di n t ch v chu vi.

ARRAY

ar

Sao ch p i tng.

ATTDEF

att

To mt thuc t nh gn (cho khi).

10

ATTEDIT

ate

Sa cc thuc t nh gn cho khi.

11

BHATCH

h, bh

12

BLOCK

13

BOUNDARY

bo

14

BREAK

br

Xo mt ph n i tng ho c chia n thnh 2 ph n.

15

CHAMFER

cha

L m vt gc cho mt i tng.

16

CHANGE

-ch

Thay i thuc t nh cho 1 i tng.

17

CIRCLE

18

COPY

co, cp

TT

Tc d ng ca l nh

Ti mt ng dng dng AutoLISP, ADS, ho c ARX


v o m i trng c ng tc ca AutoCAD .

i n y m u t cho mt vng k n.
nh ngh a 1 khi t cc i tng nh d u.
To 1 mi n ho c 1 ng a tuy n t mt vng
ng k n.

V mt v ng tr ng.
Sao ch p 1 i tng.

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Tn l nh

Ph m t t

19

DDEDIT

ed

Sa x u k t v cc thuc t nh.

20

DDVPOINT

vp

Chn hng nh n trong kh ng gian 3 chi u.

21

DIMALIGNED

dal, dimali

22

DIMANGULAR

dan, dimang

23

DIMBASELINE

dba

To cc ng ghi k ch thc lin tc.

24

DIMCENTER

dce

nh d u v tr t m ca v ng tr n ho c cung tr n.

25

DIMCONTINUE

dco, dimcont

26

DIMDIAMETER

ddi, dimdia

27

DIMEDIT

ded ,dimed

Sa ng ghi k ch thc.

28

DIMLINEAR

dli, dimlin

To mt ng ghi k ch thc.

29

DIMORDINATE

dor, dimord

To 1 i m ghi k ch thc.

30

DIMOVERRIDE

dov, dimover

Qun l cc ki u bi n ghi k ch thc.

31

DIMRADIUS

dra, dimrad

32

DIMSTYLE

33

DIMTEDIT

dimted

D ch chuy n v xoay tr s ng k ch thc.

34

DIST

di

c lng khong cch v gc th ng qua 2 i m.

35

DIVIDE

div

Chia i tng th nh nhi u ph n.

36

DONUT

do

TT

d, dst,
ddim,dimsty

Tc d ng ca l nh

To hng cho ng ghi k ch thc.


To ng ghi k ch thc cho gc.

To cc ng ghi k ch thc lin tc.


Ghi k ch thc ng k nh cho v ng tr n ho c cung
tr n.

Ghi k ch thc bn k nh cho v ng tr n ho c cung


tr n.
To v ch nh sa ki u ghi k ch thc t d ng l nh.

V v i n y mt v ng tr n ho c mt v nh
khuyn.

188
S

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

Tc d ng ca l nh

37

DRAWORDER

dr

Thay i cc thuc t nh hi n th ca i tng.

38

DSVIEWER

av

M ca s trgip.

39

DTEXT

dt

Hi n Text trn m n h nh.

40

DVIEW

dv

Chn ch vh nh chi u trc o ho c phi cnh.

41

ELLIPSE

el

V h nh Ellipse ho c cung Ellipse.

42

ERASE

Xo i tng khi bn v.

43

EXPLODE

44

EXPORT

exp

Ghi s li u bn v ra File dng khc.

45

EXTEND

ex

M rng i tng v.

46

EXTRUDE

ext

Dng h nh khi t mt h nh ph ng.

47

FILLET

l m tr n gc ca 2 ng th ng.

48

FILTER

fi

Lc i tng.

49

GROUP

t tn cho mt nhm i tng nh d u.

50

HATCH

-h

T mt vng theo m u t ch nh.

51

HATCHEDIT

he

Sa m u t .

51

HIDE

hi

D u cc n t v khu t trong mt i tng 3 chi u.

52

IMAGE

im

Chn 1 File nh v o bn v hi n ti.

53

IMAGEADJUST

iad

54

IMAGEATTACH

iat

TT

L nh ph n tch mt khi bn vthnh cc i tng


ring bi t.

i u khi n t ng phn, sng ti cho mt i


tng Image nh d u.
nh danh cho i tng Image mi.

189

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

55

IMAGECLIP

icl

56

IMPORT

imp

57

INSERT

i, ddinsert

58

INSERTOBJ

io

Nhng i tng v o AutoCAD .

59

INTERFERE

inf

T m giao th c chung ca 2 i tng 3 chi u.

60

INTERSECT

in

T m ph n giao ca 2 mi n ng k n.

61

LAYER

la, ddlmodes

62

LEADER

lead

To ng ch gii cho i tng.

63

LENGTHEN

len

K o d i mt i tng.

64

LINE

65

LINETYPE

66

LIST

li, ls

67

LTSCALE

lts

68

MATCHPROP

ma

69

MEASURE

me

L nh chia i tng theo d i on.

70

MIRROR

mi

L nh l y i x ng g ng.

71

MLINE

ml

To cc ng th ng song song nhau.

72

MOVE

L nh di chuy n mt hay nhi u i tng.

TT

lt, ltype,
ddltype

Tc d ng ca l nh
C t mt ph n h nh vv to thnh 1 i tng Image
mi.
Chn File nh v o AutoCAD .
Chn khi v o bn v.

i u khi n lp.

V 1 ng th ng.
nh ki u ng v.
Hi n th cc thng tin v nhm i tng nh d u.
t h s t l n t v.
Copy thuc t nh t mt i tng sang i tng
khc.

190

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

73

MSPACE

ms

74

MTEXT

t, mt

75

MVIEW

mv

76

OFFSET

77

OPTIONS

78

OSNAP

os, ddosnap

79

PAN

X d ch bn v trn m n h nh.

80

PASTESPEC

pa

Chn v o bn v cc ni dung t ClipBoard.

81

PEDIT

pe

L nh sa i cc ng a tuy n Polyline.

82

PLINE

pl

L nh v ng a tuy n.

83

PLOT

print

84

POINT

po

V mt i m c to nh trc.

85

POLYGON

pol

V a gic u.

86

PREVIEW

pre

Xem trc trang in.

TT

op, pr, gr,


ddgrips

Tc d ng ca l nh
Chuy n ki u hi n th vng v.
L nh vi t nhi u d ng ch trn bn v th ng qua
hp hi thoi.
To i m nh n ng.
L nh v song song.
Gi hp thoi chn t i u ch nh cc tham
s
B t i m c bi t ca mt i tng.

Xu t bn v ra gi y.

ch, mo, props,


87

PROPERTIES

ddmodify,

Hi n hp thoi thuc t nh i tng

ddchprop
88

PSPACE

ps

89

PURGE

pu

Chuy n ki u hi n th vng v.
Xo cc tn v bi n khng dng n ( lm gn
k ch thc bn v).

191

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

90

QUIT

exit

Thot khi AutoCAD .

91

RECTANG

rec

V h nh ch nh t.

92

REDRAW

V li cc i tng trn m n h nh hi n ti.

93

REDRAWALL

ra

V li cc i tng trn t t c cc m n h nh.

94

REGEN

re

95

REGENALL

rea

Phc hi v l m sch vng v trn mi m n h nh.

96

REGION

reg

To vng cho i tng v.

97

RENAME

ren

i tn mt i tng.

98

RENDER

rr

99

REVOLVE

rev

100

ROTATE

ro

Xoay i tng.

101

RPREF

rpr

t cc tham s cho l nh Render ( nh bng).

102

SCALE

sc

L nh thay i k ch thc i tng v.

103

SCRIPT

scr

Chy lin ti p cc l nh theo k ch bn.

104

SECTION

sec

To m t c t ca mt m t ph ng vi mt h nh khi.

105

SETVAR

set

t bi n cho cc i tng trong bn v.

106

SHADE

sha

nh bng bn v.

107

SLICE

sl

Chi u mt h nh khi ln mt m t ph ng.

108

SNAP

sn

B t (t t) ch b t i m khi di chuy n chut.

TT

Tc d ng ca l nh

Phc hi v l m sch vng v trn m n h nh hi n


ti.

To nh cho bn v theo ch thc ti o.


To h nh khi b ng cch xoay i tng ph ng
quanh 1 trc.

192
S

vk thut bng chng tr nh AutoCAD2002

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

Tc d ng ca l nh

109

SOLID

so

To ra mt ng a tuy n ng k n c t c.

110

SPELL

sp

111

SPLINE

spl

To ra cc ng cong b c 2 ho c b c 3.

112

SPLINEDIT

spe

Sa i tng Spline.

113

STRETCH

Di chuy n ho c k o dn i tng.

114

STYLE

st

nh ki u cho cc k t .

115

SUBTRACT

su

116

TABLET

ta

B t (t t) k t ni ti b n s ho.

117

THICKNESS

th

d y ng v.

118

TOLERANCE

tol

nh ngh a cc dung sai h nh hc.

119

TOOLBAR

to

Hi n ( n) cc thanh c ng c ca AutoCAD .

120

TORUS

tor

To h nh bnh xe.

121

TRIM

tr

L nh c t ng c i tng ch n.

122

UNION

uni

123

UNITS

un, ddunits

124

VIEW

v, ddview

125

VPOINT

-vp

126

WBLOCK

TT

Ki m tra vn phm cho cc k t nh p trong


bn v.

To vng ho c mi n ca hai i tng theo


nguyn t c loi tr.

Hp nh t 2 i tng, xo cc ng ranh gii


chung.
Chn ki u to , n v t nh cho bn v.
C t ho c c li ph n hi n th trn m n h nh.
Chn i m nh n, hng nh n cho cc i tng 3
chi u.
Ghi cc i tng ra File.

193

Cng ty tin hc Hi Ho

Tn l nh

Ph m t t

Tc d ng ca l nh

127

WEDGE

we

To h nh khi 3 chi u t 1 m t dc hng trc X.

128

XATTACH

xa

K t ni mt tham chi u khc n bn vhi n ti.

129

XBIND

xb

nh mt bi u tng c l p v o bn v.

130

XLINE

xl

To mt ng th ng d i v hn.

131

XREF

xr

i u khi n cc tham chi u bn ngoi n bn v.

132

ZOOM

Thu phng i tng v.

TT

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