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TEMPERATURE
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TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
Subcase Information Entry
TEMPERATURE Temperature Set Selection
Description
Selects the temperature set to be used in either material property calculations or
thermal loading.
Format
TEMPERATURE (type, HTIME=htime) = option
Examples
TEMPERATURE(LOAD)=15
TEMP(MATERIAL)=7
TEMPERATURE=7
TEMPERATURE(LOAD,HTIME=ALL)=8
Argument

Options

Description

type

<INITIAL,
INITIAL:
MATERIAL,
LOAD, BOTH>

The selected temperature set will be used to

determine initial temperature distribution.

Default =
BOTH

The selected temperature set will be used to

determine temperature-dependent material
properties indicated on the MATTi bulk data
entries.

MATERIAL:

In addition, the SUBCASE ID of a thermal

analysis SUBCASE can be specified. The
calculated temperature field is then used to
determine temperature-dependent material
properties indicated on the MATTi bulk data
entries.
This is only allowed for linear analysis. For
nonlinear analysis, TEMP(LOAD) will be used
to update the temperature dependent
material.

LOAD:

The selected temperature set will be used to

determine an equivalent static load.
For nonlinear analysis, this temperature set
will also be used to update the temperature
dependent material.

BOTH:

Both MATERIAL and LOAD will use the same

temperature set.

HTIME

htime =
<ALL>

ALL

Selects all the output time steps of a

transient thermal subcase.

option

<SID>

SID:

Set identification number of TEMP or TEMPD

bulk data entries. This can also reference a
Transient Heat Transfer subcase or a TSTRU
subcase information entry.

No default

Comments
1.The total load applied will be the sum of external (LOAD command), thermal
(TEMP(LOAD/BOTH) command) and constrained displacement (SPC command) loads.
2.In Linear static analysis, TEMP(BOTH), TEMP(LOAD), TEMP(MAT), and TEMP(INIT) can
be used before the subcase level or inside the subcase. If used before the subcase level,
it will apply to all subcases that do not have their own corresponding command.
Additionally, only the last instance of TEMP(MAT) and TEMP(INIT) will be used to update
the corresponding material or set the initial temperature for all subcases.
3.In Nonlinear Static analysis TEMP(LOAD) and TEMP(INIT) can be used before the
subcase level or inside the subcase. If used before the subcase level, it will apply to all
subcases that do not have their corresponding command. Additionally, only the last
instance of TEMP(INIT) will be used to the set the initial temperature or material
properties (if TEMP(LOAD) is not present) for all subcases.
4.Only one of TEMP(MAT) or TEMP(INIT) is allowed in any model. TEMP(MAT),
TEMP(LOAD), and TEMP(BOTH) can point to a heat transfer subcase or TEMP/TEMPD.
TEMP(INIT) cannot be used to reference a Heat Transfer Subcase.
5.Static and thermal loads should have unique set identification numbers.
6.In linear static analysis, temperature strains and material properties are calculated as
(also see comment 2).

Where,
A(T) is the thermal expansion coefficient, and Mat(T) are the material properties.
The value of A(T) and Mat(T) can be defined via the MATi or MATTi bulk data entries
depending on whether temperature-dependent material are used. Temperaturedependent material is used if TEMP(BOTH), TEMP(MAT), or TEMP(INIT) are specified
in conjunction with MATTi entries. If more than one or all three of

TEMP(BOTH/MAT/INIT) are specified, then OptiStruct picks one of them for material
update based on the following priority.
TEMP(BOTH/MAT) have precedence over TEMP(INIT). If both TEMP(BOTH) and
TEMP(MAT) are present, then the last one is used for material update.
If none of TEMP(BOTH/MAT/INIT) are specified, then the MATi material properties
are used.
TFinal is the load temperature defined by TEMP(LOAD) or TEMP(BOTH). If both
TEMP(BOTH) and TEMP(LOAD) are present, then OptiStruct picks the last one for the
load temperature. TEMP(BOTH) and TEMP(LOAD) can be specified within the subcase
in multiple subcases. In such situations, the load temperature can vary for each
subcase depending on the entries specified within, and as mentioned previously, the
last entry in each subcase will determine the load temperature for that particular
subcase.
TInitial is the initial temperature defined by TEMP(INIT) or TREF (TREF field on MATi).
TEMP(INIT) has precedence over TREF. If TEMP(INIT) is not specified, then TREF is
used for the initial temperature.
SYSSETTING,TLOADMAT can be used to activate TEMP(LOAD) for material update
instead of TEMP(MAT/INIT). It can also be used to deactivate thermal loading in
structural analysis.
7. In nonlinear static analysis, temperature strains and material properties are
calculated as (also see comment 3):

Where,
A(T) is the thermal expansion coefficient, and Mat(T) are the material properties.
The value of A(T) and Mat(T) can be defined via the MATi or MATTi bulk data entries
depending on whether temperature-dependent material are used. Temperaturedependent material is used if TEMP(LOAD) is specified in conjunction with MATTi
entries. If TEMP(LOAD) is not specified, then TEMP(INIT) is used. If neither
TEMP(LOAD) or TEMP(INIT) are specified then the MATi material properties are used.
TFinal is the load temperature defined by TEMP(LOAD). TEMP(LOAD) can be specified
within the subcase in multiple subcases. In such situations, the load temperature can
vary for each subcase depending on the entries specified within, and the last entry in
each subcase will determine the load temperature for that particular subcase.
TInitial is the initial temperature defined by TEMP(INIT) or TREF (TREF field on MATi).
TEMP(INIT) has precedence over TREF. If TEMP(INIT) is not specified, then TREF is
used for the initial temperature.
?TEMP(MAT) and TEMP(BOTH) cannot be used in Nonlinear Static Analysis models.
OptiStruct will error out, if they are specified.
8.In versions prior to OptiStruct 8.0, thermal loads were selected in the Subcase
Information section using the LOAD data selector. In version 8.0, the TEMPERATURE data
selector was added to perform this function. It is possible to revert to the old behavior
mode by setting the LOADTEMP option to SHAREID in the OptiStruct Configuration File.

9.TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) can point to a heat transfer subcase

or TSTRU ID. The temperature field from a steady state heat transfer analysis or at the
final time step of a transient heat transfer analysis will be used.
10.When TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or TEMPERATURE(BOTH) points to a transient heat transfer
subcase or TSTRU ID, HTIME= ALL can be used to select temperature fields at all time
steps for coupled thermal structural analysis. TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) or
TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) cannot be used with HTIME.
See Also:
Linear Static Analysis
Subcase Information Section
The Input File