2.

1 Introduction
In this chapter, literature review will explain on the purpose and the
definition that is involved in this chapter. Every survey taken in
connection with the development of this system will be shown and
presented in this chapter. This literature review also describes on
the problems that appeared on the system being studied. This
chapter wills describe in details any information and definitions from
sources

such

as

journals,

web

sites,

books,

and

research

publications that are related to the studied system that being

develop.
Literature review also explains the comparison between system that
will be developed and systems that are in use. The existing systems
should be reviewed in terms of resources, problem derived and the
progress of the system from the beginning until completion so the
system developed match or better in term of functionality and
quality. Studies made in this chapter will slightly assist in the
development of a better system that is more practically and user
friendly to the users of the system.
2.1.2 Internet of things
Internet of things (IoT) by definitions according to Dr. Ovidiu
Vermesan in his book of converging technologies for smart
environments and integrated ecosystem refers to scenarios where
network connectivity and computing capability extends to objects,
sensors, and everyday items not normally considered computers,
allowing these devices to generate, exchange and consume data
with minimal human intervention. There is, however, no single,
universal definition.

The concept of combining technologies stated to monitor and

control devices has existed for decades. However, the blooms of
recent confluence of several technology markets bring IoT closer to
widespread reality. Internet of things implementations uses different
technical communications models, each with its own characteristics.
Four(4) most common connectivity are Device-to-Device, Device-toCloud,

Device-to-Gateway

and

Back-End-Data-Sharing.

These

models represent the flexibility in the way that IoT devices can
connect and provide information value to user.
2.2 Conventional method of manually monitoring pets diet and
feeding
The original method to monitor pets diet at first is by manually
checking on their food and water content consistently since there is
no specific device that is capable of doing such an activity of
monitoring and feeding. Owner need to approach their pets eating
station and check on the content if is has reduced signifying if their
pet has eaten or not. Since the monitoring is visually applied,
precise data is not obtained, making it hard to properly monitor their
pet behavior and diet. This approach is inconvenient especially
because owners mostly have deeds to fulfill at workplace, thus there
is nobody at home to consistently monitor the food and drink
contents in the bowl. And since there is no specific database to store
information collected, the data obtained is more prone to lost and
scatter all around places in their home.
While leaving home for longer than owner usually do, the
conventional method of feeding usually filling the bowl of food and
drink to the maximum level possible or filling many bowls all at once
since there is no guarantee that a bowl could fulfill the needs to
feed pet for longer period of time, especially if there is more than a
pet. This method leads to a stale and contaminated food since they

are fully exposed to air and particles in surrounding including humid

and microorganisms. Owners are also in the dark as they do not
receive any feedback in their pet behavior of diet and abnormalities
is hard to detect or maybe to late when noticed, which could lead to
casualty and deformation of pet if leave for longer period of days.
2.3 Online monitoring and feeding capability by using mobile
application
Online system is a system that can be accessed by only using
Internet network wherever existence. The online system also
facilitate access no matter where user might be as long as there is
connection to the Internet. This can also ease users to control and
access information they need with the will of mobile application on
smartphone thus facilitate the search of information and control of
device. By utilities online system, users can saves times and is
easier to find information they wilt at any time while accessing to
the Internet.
Internet by definition represents a connection on the line, which it
provides

services

information

data

without
storage,

boundary
and

to

search

dissemination

information,
of

unlimited

information and also can update information. Through these

services, Internet provides important network to each individual in
current day. With the appearance of Internet also there has been
numerous great, working system such as online banking system to
critical system that involve life such as space system and airline
system.
2.4 Technology used to develop the device
Since the project involves system and device, the technologies used
are separated into two (2) parts, namely hardware and software.

For hardware, main technology used is Raspberry Pi, the Pi will be

considered as the main controlled of the system. It will host all the
connected

software

and

interfaces

with

other

hardware

subcomponents. The hardware will be connected to Raspberry Pi by

making use of USB ports available on it. The Pi also used to connect
to the Internet since it is the most suitable component for Internet
devices. While Arduino will host other hardware mechanism that is
used to control the dispenser of the feeder, such as servo motor for
food dispensing and solenoid valve for water dispensing. Both
servos and solenoid will use electric energy to convert to
mechanical work. It will receive command from the Arduino, which
receives command from Raspberry Pi. Other than that, Arduino is in
charge of two (2) tasks; it is to read the status on the RFID readers
and also listen to serial command from mobile application through
the Pi if necessary.
On the software side, the main software is OpenHAB. OpenHAB is
the default mobile application for Raspberry Pi, it is mainly used for
smart home automation. In this project, OpenHAB will be use to
adapt to food and water monitoring. MySQL server will store table
and data collected from device in term of database.
2.5 Study of the existing systems and applications
Study of similar system or existing system that resembling the
system to be develop is prominent to be able to develop a good
system that easy to use. Purpose of the study is as a reference and
guidance in developing the system. It also serves as inspiration and
provides information, which is closely related to the system to be
developed. The current function of each module provided in the
system is identified through the study. Research similar to the
system is very important to collect information of the development

progress. This assessment can help developer to avoid any mistakes

during development and can improve system functions that are in
the current system to help produce an equal standard or better
system in the future.
2.5.1 Feed & Go automatic pet feeder
The automatic pet feeder, Feed & Go, allows owner to feed their pet
from an online interface or application, ensuring per is always fed.
It is an automatic feeder that distributes food on a schedule. The
machine will give owner control over when the food is given to the
pet and provides user with other features. It give user to control the
schedule of the feeding by using online interface from a smartphone
app when logged into the account section provided. User first enter
the selected schedule into the system. The feeder is then set up on
a Wi-Fi or wireless Internet connection, so owner could have access
to the feeder at all time.
The feeder include other features such as a webcam to on their pet
eating and having conversation with pet to do regular check-ins. The
feeder also has a speaker to record a pre-recorded six-second
message. The Feed and Go device has 6-cup compartments that can
dispense pets food when scheduled.

Figure 2.1 the device and dimension of the feeder

(http://www.feedandgo.com/tour/)

Figure 2.2 the device when opened with 6-cup compartment for food
storing
(http://www.feedandgo.com/tour/)
2.5.2 Nibbles